MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 md bi@ms@
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction ;pL!cG@
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector yd VDjE
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3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices SWtqp(h]'
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images <0Y<9+g!
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens j 0LZ )V
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) ;eo}/-a_Xw
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope NVQ.;" 2w
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma tW!*W?
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation Ze/\IBd
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves F7<u1R x]
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical l_;6xkv4
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light u[SqZftmO
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) IPn!iv)
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction 8_w h9
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary d %FLk=]
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems 3zmbx~| =\
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses +P 9eE,WR
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) % * K zP{
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect J(8?6&=ck
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging gKQ s:25
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution 'cu14m_
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems \H rtPm`e
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
