MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 oaQW~R`_
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction )Lz
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2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector qh.F}9o
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices O1~7#nJ*4[
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images by+xK~>
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens *f 7rLM*
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) +ZbNSN=
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope WSMpX -^e@
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma "*HM8\
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation $e+4Kt
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11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves Vz0 (D
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical 0 uD3a-J
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light FdE ?uw
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) 2FZ T
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction q 6pHL
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary g$NUu
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems ?5 CE<[
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses 6fw7\u
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) F5 X9 )9S
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect YZ<z lU
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging d-b<_k{p
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution 1Du5Z9AM
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems 8?8V;
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
