MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 = "$w8iRU
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction ~k&b
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector Nx.9)MjI
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices h7+"*fN
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images 9Do75S{(
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens qkhre3
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) Em&3g
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope &)k=c cm
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma v,}C~L3
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation /FN:yCf
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves 7N 0Bj!
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical g g#9I(pX
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light hn2:@^=f
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) e^eJ!~0
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction %J1'>nI!q
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary (@} ^ 3jpT
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems l!:bNMd
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses "~ID.G|<
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) _5 SvZ;4
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect &$ |~",
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging 2B$dT=G
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution t, %m-dU
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems 5Yv*f:
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
