MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 NJsa TBT
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction 07:V[ @'
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector #;ObugY ,
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices T ph^o^
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images _J6
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5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens }Mt)57rU
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) i8e*9;4@
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope $+GDPYm'
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma N? Jy
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation ?V!5VH a
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves %P s.r{%{
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical n46!H0mJ
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light P*iC#w]m
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) xA7~"q&u
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction rIFW1`N}i
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary lH= |Qu
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems o FP8s[B
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses K9Mz4K_
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) C\5G43`
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect 6 ScB:8M
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging )TiM>{
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution Og% Y._
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems 1!.-/
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
