MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 FH"u9ygF
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction 9eA2v{!S
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector 5~AK+6Za
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices l!6^xMhYk
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images #x) lN
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens ;>#YOxPl
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) Z?IwR
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope hj~nLgpN
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma a!n |/9
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9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation J Iw=Bs
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves P, (#'
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12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical '?WKKYD7N
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light pA
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14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) C(t >ZR
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction (5-4`:1ux
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary 7hg)R
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17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems *G]zN "Y
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses ;AL keUR[
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) h5vvizruy
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect ]z^*1^u^ig
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging 8efQ -^b.
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution // [zUn
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems U6 4WTS@
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
