MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 A;Xn#t ,(K
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction L$i&>cF\_>
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector $N+a 4
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices LPO3B W
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images &" K 74
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens (!W:-|[K\
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) _4x X}Z;
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope J@p[v3W
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma iNd 8M V
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation :T5l0h- eC
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves [=S@lURzm@
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical % 89f<F\V
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light I$9 t^82j
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) ?9 :{p
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction 1ncY"S/V O
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary gSL$s ilc
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems h&NcN-["
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses FTtYzKX(bv
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) b kLm]n3
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect F>96]71
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22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging ;W'y^jp]"
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution /".+OpL
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems X<#Q~"
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
