MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 i2\\!s
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction >TH- Q [
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector >=]NO'?O
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices
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4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images =1uj1.h
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens Ugee?;]lu
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) CU}
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7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope *$*nY [/5
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma &B{Jxc`VA
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation sf|_2sI
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves &~D.")Dz
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical h}c6+@w&-
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light mt&Jg A/
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) `tUeT[
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction iZVT% A+q
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary 7Vof7Y <
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems } SWA|x
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses "pKGUM
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) WZDokS R
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect k[^}ld[
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging yx`r;|ds}
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution 8B% O%*5`
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems *N&^bF"SF
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
