MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 pG'?>]Rt4
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction +SW|/oIU
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector 1_l)$"
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices kUfb B#.5L
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images P&<NcOCL&
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens ^bfU>02Q6p
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) %oquHkX%OJ
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope Br .UN ~q
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma ;=k{[g 'gv
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation 72_+ b
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves )rlkQ'DN
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical *'tGi_2?(
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light *ae)<l3v
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) f( 5; Rf(
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction GG-b)64h`
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary 3\{\ al
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems pp(?rE$S
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses X*w;6 V
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) Q7{{r&|t&
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect 7G*rxn"d
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging S)W?W}*R\
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution 1ox#hQBoS
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems hwQ|'^(@O
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
