Optical Metrology Third Edition fn1 ?Qp| 8W19#?7>B Kjell J. G˚asvik
\Ku9"x Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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M3DxapG 3C>2x(]M Preface to the Third Edition xi
5u'TmLuKT 1Basics 1
@/CRIei 1.1 Introduction 1
fQ=&@ >e 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
XD;15a 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
lAdOC5+JX 1.4 Phase Difference 4
cEDDO&u 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
@J~lV\ 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
EO4"Z@ji 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
Z_iAn TT 1.8 The Intensity 8
:SpG&\+ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
*]{9K 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
&,W_#l{ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
"\VW.S 2 Gaussian Optics 15
}ZEfT] 2.1 Introduction 15
4q\.I+r^ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
LVPt*S= / 2.2.1 Examples 19
,H.(\p_N 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
Ybs=W<- 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
1_Dn?G^H 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
.yctE:n 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
}4bB7,j 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
LP5eFl`|T 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
>u BV 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
?;0nJf 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
tx:rj6-z 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
Rz<d%C;R 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
N&0uXrw 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
jOoIF/So 3 Interference 37
,omp F$% 3.1 Introduction 37
g5kYyE 3.2 General Description 37
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3.3 Coherence 38
d8Q_6(Ar| 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
$\YLmG 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
;4-pupK~% 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
AmT|%j&3 3.6 Interferometry 49
33#7U+~]@ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
Ft%TnEp 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
}S~ysQwT 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
p|bc=`TD 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
Sb:zN'U 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
.LXh]I* 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
b'Fx), 4 Diffraction 67
r85Xa'hh 4.1 Introduction 67
jV,(P$ 5; 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
[a>JG8[,t 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
a@5xz) 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
8!o{W=m^4 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
>D`fp 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
U}RS*7` 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
WuP([8 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
e'/ 4.6 Physical Optics Description
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NuW of Image Formation 81
/XWPN(JC? 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
?l\gh1{C 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
a`EGx{q( 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
LH3N}J({ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
?RRSrr1 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
j,|1y5f 5.1 Introduction 99
in=k:j,U0 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
E&iWtwkz 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
(PsSE:r}+ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
RS||KA])J 5.2.3 Examples 105
SCfkv|hO 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
#FQm/Q<0 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
s{"`=dKT 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
fcE/ 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
6yu*a_ 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
PxP?hk 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
#czyr@ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
pU:C=hq4 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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