Optical Metrology Third Edition h\s/rZg=r =|3BkmO Kjell J. G˚asvik
_^NX`<& Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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:@A&HkF u'YXI="( Preface to the Third Edition xi
M'*s5:i 1Basics 1
S{c/3k ~ 1.1 Introduction 1
q<3nAE$?= 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
z.vQ1~s 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
=i/Df ? 1.4 Phase Difference 4
OO:S2-]Y>e 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
/{T&l* ' 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
O-?rFNavxp 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
l;?:}\sI= 1.8 The Intensity 8
X5 vMY 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
0PzSp ] 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
KVi6vd gD 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
u mYsO.8 2 Gaussian Optics 15
p`tz*ewC 2.1 Introduction 15
1d^~KBfv 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
W .a>K$ 2.2.1 Examples 19
^y<^hKjV 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
? <?Ogq"< 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
Q*DT" W/0 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
i~@gI5[k+ 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
ot0teNF 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
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2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
73Dxf - 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
(tK_(gO 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
H2X_W Swm 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
\GFq RRn 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
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L&\W+k 3 Interference 37
($di]lbsT 3.1 Introduction 37
JrP`u4f_ 3.2 General Description 37
m&)/>'W 3.3 Coherence 38
Xdvd\H= 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
7HkO:/ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
eI8o#4nT 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
}m:paB"3 3.6 Interferometry 49
7@ym:6Y+] 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
N,`@Q 7 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
X3:1KDVsV 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
Bm~^d7;Cw 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
-l[H]BAMXy 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
.k#Pr T1C 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
P`tOL#UeZL 4 Diffraction 67
X5WA-s(?0 4.1 Introduction 67
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4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
GT6; I7 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
g=:o 'W$@ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
x[ A|@\Z 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
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ko%mZ0Y 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
5Tn < 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
uQ=u@q tp 4.6 Physical Optics Description
Laj/~Ru6 of Image Formation 81
g[cnaS|? 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
Z%~}*F}7X 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
G^'We6< 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
MN: {,#d0 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
P| NGAd 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
" 6,fIsU 5.1 Introduction 99
1^_W[+<S/ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
]& D dy&V 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
}B%9cc 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
rtP o)#t 5.2.3 Examples 105
=svFw &q" 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
9KK^1<46c 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
|s /)lA:9 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
FQ ek+[ox 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
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.7 .G}z1 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
uh\G6s!4/ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
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5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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