Optical Metrology Third Edition +PPQ"#1pS gwNZ`_Q Kjell J. G˚asvik
54{E&QvL8o Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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g)f& mQ) "3_X$`v"! Preface to the Third Edition xi
tF[) Y# 1Basics 1
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i 1.1 Introduction 1
U :x;4 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
Y 4YZM 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
K1YxF 1.4 Phase Difference 4
m p_7$#{l 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
lDBAei3iB 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
'Rnzu0<lF 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
Bor_(eL^ 1.8 The Intensity 8
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/9Z(H 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
m |JA }&A 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
UNSXr`9 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
L5UZ@R, 2 Gaussian Optics 15
RKrNmD*rk* 2.1 Introduction 15
I> rTqOK 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
_zb IS &4 2.2.1 Examples 19
NPv.7, 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
{KDN|o+% 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
I[r R-4.F] 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
/7#MJH5b6 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
6RIbsy 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
N, u]2,E 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
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sE% 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
7Wv.-LD6 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
?!m\|'s- 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
%J'/ cmR& 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
qu# xc0? 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
>r X$E<B\ 3 Interference 37
hrJ(] [8 3.1 Introduction 37
s;Bh 69 3.2 General Description 37
Dl ~(NLM 3.3 Coherence 38
k|>yFc 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
wIAH,3! 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
{tOf0W| 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
a/s5Oit2'X 3.6 Interferometry 49
,_$J-F? 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
H9'psv 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
Kt qOA[6 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
zrSYLG 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
3O 4,LXdA 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
f.j<VKF} 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
9%21Q>Y?b 4 Diffraction 67
<!G\%C 4.1 Introduction 67
!\VEUF,K? 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
jLn#%Ia} 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
RIUJX{? 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
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i@D4bd9lR 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
o R8'^G0< 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
TH y?Y 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
]7TOA$Q 4.6 Physical Optics Description
z.(DDj of Image Formation 81
^AI02`c. 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
og8hc~:ro 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
:Hb`vH3 x 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
trjpq{,[U 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
K 2Ro0 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
y:Gn58\o 5.1 Introduction 99
}^Sk.: ;n3 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
&Qv HjjQ?u 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
teb(gUy}L6 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
V=fh;p 5.2.3 Examples 105
[f { qb\ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
~}{_/8'5 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
Vp1ct 06^ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
"~.4z, ha 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
ZX o;E 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
"doiD=b 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
0=U|7%dOL 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
&R bP N^ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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