Optical Metrology Third Edition {/B) YR +8 6\&y) Kjell J. G˚asvik
;5 IS58L Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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=YPWt>\a} ym ,S /Uz Preface to the Third Edition xi
EH4WR/x 1Basics 1
RsrZ1dhPvV 1.1 Introduction 1
_V Y ] 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
sy>P n 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
1 u&P,&T 1.4 Phase Difference 4
&;%+Hduc 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
cl)MI,/> 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
JTz1M~ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
B5tJ|3! 1.8 The Intensity 8
%iJ6;V 4 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
Uhg[#TUK 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
IP{Cj= 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
dIM:U :c 2 Gaussian Optics 15
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_ 2.1 Introduction 15
xn6E f" 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
6 E_YQb dy 2.2.1 Examples 19
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.cu5 h 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
a D 3$z;E 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
lXB_HDY 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
.X:{s,@ 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
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(&
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^g~-$ t<! 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
poXkH@[O 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
sPd5 f2' 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
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A= ,q& 3 Interference 37
;$|+H"g| 3.1 Introduction 37
ytAhhwN~ 3.2 General Description 37
kdW i!Hp 3.3 Coherence 38
w#JF7; 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
"K FCA9u- 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
7:1Hg j( 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
z<AQ;b 3.6 Interferometry 49
WP}_ _1!%u 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
L(8Q% oX%o 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
@aj"1 2 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
_$fxo D9 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
m6 IZG l7% 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
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I7[+:?2 4 Diffraction 67
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FE_n+^|k< 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
`qfVgT=2 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
'fg`td 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
BJ&>'rc 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
67n1s 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
if `/LJsa 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
Hq%`DWus\ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
y:W$~<E`p 4.6 Physical Optics Description
yLY2_p- X of Image Formation 81
6 QxLHQA 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
.#+rH}=Z 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
*qq %)7 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
KUl y"B 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
rj:$'m7 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
'!y ^ 5.1 Introduction 99
AE<AEq 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
YJ:CqTy 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
[[bMYD1eO 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
J 0s8vAs 5.2.3 Examples 105
8, WQ}cC 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
F<^,j7@ 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
A\: =p 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
9O Tw6 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
Ky$ <WZs 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
9VP|a- 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
NIYAcLa@n8 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
}"3L>%Q5 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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