Optical Metrology Third Edition 7<FI[ .. jc^ 'L Kjell J. G˚asvik
%oPW`r Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
y!_*CYZ~m 
U9w0kcUw#J 6ub-NtVu Preface to the Third Edition xi
s
Dq{h 1Basics 1
l ~
3 H" 1.1 Introduction 1
^`M,ju 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
\"=4)Huv 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
BK>3rjXi>a 1.4 Phase Difference 4
Z;M}.'BE 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
TCShS}q;% 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
HURr k~[ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
/QuuBtp 1.8 The Intensity 8
VF#2I %R* 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
r?cDy QE 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
KX8$j$yW 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
=VA5!-6<Uq 2 Gaussian Optics 15
pO]{Y?X: 2.1 Introduction 15
iczJXA+ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
i' XW)n 2.2.1 Examples 19
/%qw-v9qPV 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
Xn:5pd;?B6 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
[l~Gwaul> 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
Ml-GAkgG 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
.` w[A 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
_#f+@)vR 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
X8(H#Ef[ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
cf\PG&S 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
T2EQQFs 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
UXs=7H". 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
96a2G,c >V 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
H]]UsY` 3 Interference 37
6?B'3~ r 3.1 Introduction 37
R1,.H92 3.2 General Description 37
%w9/ gD 3.3 Coherence 38
&P2tzY' 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
3)D' Yx 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
sGBm[lplz 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
K!AW8FnHkZ 3.6 Interferometry 49
+-%&,> R 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
4k$i:st; 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
[u?*'
c{ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
D./!/>@f 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
mBAI";L3 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
v w.rkAGY 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
Kp]\r-5UD> 4 Diffraction 67
>JSk/ ]" 4.1 Introduction 67
5yA1<&z 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
)># Y,/q 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
v8{ jEAK 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
So6ZNh9 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
DHI%R< 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
+ConK> ; 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
a9f!f %9 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
to2#PXf]y 4.6 Physical Optics Description
aLo^f= S of Image Formation 81
CIt%7
\c 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
?cyBF*o 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
r%:Q (| v? 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
6H ]rO3[8 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
2`Dqu"TWh 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
U{`Q_Uw@$: 5.1 Introduction 99
HpXQ D; 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
" Y1]6
Zu 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
k v u SE 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
^i" ~6QYE 5.2.3 Examples 105
bmid;X | 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
!^Ly# $-X 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
<2. 87: 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
{M_*hR;lL 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
`] fud{ 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
>b1 #dEY 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
c4Leh"ry 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
/W|=Or2oR 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
n% R l$ .
-J6G=+ s/ .
23(j < .
