Optical Metrology Third Edition ;b 0;66C8| ME'LZ"VT Kjell J. G˚asvik
(*V:{_r Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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\_t[\&.a} CjmF2[ | Preface to the Third Edition xi
~.J{yrJ& 1Basics 1
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V%k 1.1 Introduction 1
]?0]K!7Ea 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
J?qikE& 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
hU 5_ dV 1.4 Phase Difference 4
[yDOv Q[ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
88A,ll % 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
\!Ap < 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
;Bne=vjQp 1.8 The Intensity 8
o:lMR P~ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
7$Pf 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
saVX 2j6Y 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
T &]IPOH9 2 Gaussian Optics 15
~f?brQ ? 2.1 Introduction 15
< l$ vnq 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
w,;ox2 2.2.1 Examples 19
5ih5=qX 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
QTjnXg?Ri 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
X-cP ' " 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
=wFl(Q6J 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
So}pA2[0 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
,o [FUi(#@ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
p+^K$w^Cs 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
! +n'0{ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
.!_^< c6 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
/7K7o8g 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
N'I9J?e Q 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Y|-:z@n6C 3 Interference 37
y+$a}=cb0 3.1 Introduction 37
LN=#&7=$ c 3.2 General Description 37
lYy:A%yDT 3.3 Coherence 38
P&AaD!Qn 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
D x.hM[ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
8n/[oDc ] 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
+Q+!# 3.6 Interferometry 49
/ D;cm 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
iy|xF~ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
6\6g-1B` 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
,sltB3f 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
{"\pMY'7 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
P7;q^jlB 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
kvam`8SeL 4 Diffraction 67
,~XAV ;+ 4.1 Introduction 67
PH=O>a`a_O 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
+jj] tJ$[ 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
g\@zQ^O? 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
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UikA 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
JUTlJyx8 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
^*WO*f>y 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
z#+S f. 4.6 Physical Optics Description
$2$jV1s of Image Formation 81
eyG[1EEU 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
^- s`$lTp 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
? nD]p! 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
dSbz$Fc t 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
^aY,Wq 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
p}q]G J 5.1 Introduction 99
a-9 sc6@ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
K#]FUUnj= 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
%wIb@km 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
hu:x,;`9H 5.2.3 Examples 105
oC(.u ? 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
Sh 7ob2 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
m<|fdS'@ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
^P owL: 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
3q`Uq`t4mR 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
36yIfC, 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
1"U.-I@ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
7'R7J"sY`| 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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