Optical Metrology Third Edition 5tN%a>D% g!p+rq_f Kjell J. G˚asvik
tU9rCL:P Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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5OPS&: sX Sj OUI Preface to the Third Edition xi
pZc9q8j3 1Basics 1
G A'*58 1.1 Introduction 1
-;sJ25( 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
CbnR<W-j 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
DfAiL( 1.4 Phase Difference 4
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x5XW& 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
6>@( /mh* 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
lf?Z{^ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
:jZ*,d%1={ 1.8 The Intensity 8
r$b:1 C~ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
j%6|:o3G( 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
~+n S)4 ( 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
:`{9x%o; 2 Gaussian Optics 15
3{ .9O$ 2.1 Introduction 15
|M[v493\ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
;e &hM\p 2.2.1 Examples 19
p +u{ W"I` 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
V_NjkyI 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
w k-Mu\ 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
h-z%C6 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
^AovkK(p 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
,$hQ(yF 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
$=\oJ-(!@S 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
@/_XS4 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
x(C]O, 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
X !&"&n 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
H j>L>6> 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
D]t~S1ycG7 3 Interference 37
>GdLEE'w 3.1 Introduction 37
v&t`5-e-A 3.2 General Description 37
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I[^3Fn 3.3 Coherence 38
d+ gk q\ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
sW>P- 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
+~R.7NE% 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
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x]yHBc 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
#J%h!#3g 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
dg!1wD 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
X+(aQ
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HB/
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PO=ZxG 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
>#${.+ y 4 Diffraction 67
ZaEBdBv 4.1 Introduction 67
<a4 iL3 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
:Olj 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
% xH>0 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
jzu l{'g 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
Og&0Z) % 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
n:}MULy; 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
@ &am!+z 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
1s^$ oi} 4.6 Physical Optics Description
^)eessZ of Image Formation 81
Gaw,1Ow!`2 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
^c;sk V&S 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
2vk8+LA(6 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
e!:?_z." 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
o'= [< 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
erAZG ) 5.1 Introduction 99
&9jUf:g J0 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
2WbZ>^:Nsk 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
he#Tr'j 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
~' PS| 5.2.3 Examples 105
tyG nG0GK 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
*aSR KY 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
_If@#WnoyA 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
] aL [ 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
q) zu}m 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
4`^TC[ 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
'3Lx!pMhN 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
JydQA_ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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