Optical Metrology Third Edition M M @&Q aK a{By U% Kjell J. G˚asvik
vf?m6CMU ! Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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G}WY0FC6 KU q(&H7 Preface to the Third Edition xi
+'[*ikxD=g 1Basics 1
J<cY'?D 1.1 Introduction 1
}b<w \9AF 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
8j ky-r 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
Y{4nBu 1.4 Phase Difference 4
1':};}dCJ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
gI Gi7x 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
Z y6kA\q 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
w);Bet 1.8 The Intensity 8
+f^|Yi 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
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CoOTe& 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
F A%BzU5^ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
RM25] hx 2 Gaussian Optics 15
te>Op 1R 2.1 Introduction 15
u~N'U D1x 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
_ *t75e$- 2.2.1 Examples 19
[A;0I jKam 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
3?& P^{ 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
,;h} <("q 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
h)r=+Q\'(S 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
V )oKsO 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
leXdxpc 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
`7V'A 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
Nfl5tI$U: 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
yyVE%e5nl 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
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D E 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
OR10IS 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
?Bd6<F -G 3 Interference 37
(. $e@k= 3.1 Introduction 37
cm>+f ^4?n 3.2 General Description 37
91FVe 3.3 Coherence 38
|[/XG2S 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
Gx%f&H~Z^ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
Oj7).U0;# 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
j'SGZnsy* 3.6 Interferometry 49
- l0X]&Ex 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
zK: 2.4 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
v +?'/Q% 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
dhr- tw 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
:-+j,G9 t 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
7"])Y 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
5% fR9?) 4 Diffraction 67
)},/=#C0 4.1 Introduction 67
cMAY8$ 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
//}KWz 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
V:8{MO(C\ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
6.3qux9 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
S <++eu 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
)aX#RM? N 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
kl5Y{![/&f 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
:rN5HOg^9 4.6 Physical Optics Description
7}Jn`^! of Image Formation 81
Vf$q3X 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
XpP}(A@G 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
)dRB I)P 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
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6[]O3Aa 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
>td\PW~ X 5.1 Introduction 99
Si T5QJe 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
u< 5 {H='6 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
E@)9'?q 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
/| [%~`?BM 5.2.3 Examples 105
)m10IyUAY 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
k= .pcDX 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
8wzQr2: 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
Y:5Gp8Vi 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
V_ H0z 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
@9h6D<? 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
{mB &xz:b 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
[mG:PTK3 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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