Optical Metrology Third Edition DciwQcG |wE3UWsy Kjell J. G˚asvik
Y<"7x#AB! Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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GV6K/ T : Dq@2-Cv Preface to the Third Edition xi
c)md 1Basics 1
sAJ7R(p 1.1 Introduction 1
-tsDMji~V 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
{+<P:jbz; 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
m4E)qCvy 1.4 Phase Difference 4
RyB~Lm`ZK% 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
^04Q %, 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
'D1A}X 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
; < )~Y- 1.8 The Intensity 8
s#Jh - +lM 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
l=N2lHU 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
pC pb;<JG 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
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pCLM_yA 2 Gaussian Optics 15
Z|9u]xL 2.1 Introduction 15
f~OU*P>V@ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
I oy 2.2.1 Examples 19
Cp`j/rF 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
9z;HsU v 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
-V"22sR] 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
<!$:8ls 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
qj AWeS/ 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
[+ *$\ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
I|-p3g8\ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
aq+Y7IR_ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
AB Xl 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
!|q<E0@w\ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
Mr--4D0Hk 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
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;tR/ 3 Interference 37
GSoZx0 3.1 Introduction 37
}ZSQ>8a 3.2 General Description 37
-5>-%13 3.3 Coherence 38
K'iIJA*S n 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
/ : 6Wzj 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
U`Jy!x2m 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
8By,# T". 3.6 Interferometry 49
j#~Jxv%n 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
3bqC\i^[\m 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
3 lLMu B+ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
&AuF]VT 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
b5IA"w 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
_ 7PMmW@ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
cr?7O;, 4 Diffraction 67
&~U Jf4b|A 4.1 Introduction 67
3QSZ ZJ 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
DcMJ^=r8O: 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
kpbm4t 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
$wYty N[ 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
`6y{.$ z 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
)2UZ% ?V# 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
[ >#*B9 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
MRr</o 4.6 Physical Optics Description
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{/ of Image Formation 81
$qF0ltUQ 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
bi ozZ 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
{:c]| ^w6 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
zL5d0_E9 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
- 16K7y k 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
P^ MOx4 5.1 Introduction 99
H* ,,^ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
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&m^IOo 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
Tj~ I aU 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
;v17K 5.2.3 Examples 105
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B396 X 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
Bb& ^ {7 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
z 3t~} aL 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
nFX_+4V2 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
I fO;S*Qt 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
UgB'[@McS 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
N3t0-6$_ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
e& ANp0|W 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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