Optical Metrology Third Edition 9UeVvH ASzzBR;?_ Kjell J. G˚asvik
CB *` Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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Ar z:Xj_ `p Preface to the Third Edition xi
)l+ XD I 1Basics 1
IF&g.R 1.1 Introduction 1
-yX.Jv 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
";wyNpb( 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
xa87xX=a 1.4 Phase Difference 4
Tjnt(5 g 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
GB&N t{ 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
X'V+^u@W 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
! lR0w| 1.8 The Intensity 8
8_xnWMOe 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
{PN:bb 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
? .c?Pu 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
5Y(r\ Dd 2 Gaussian Optics 15
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Ms.PO{wb 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
wr H7 pd 2.2.1 Examples 19
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]^( 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
E4Y "X 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
w) =eMdj\o 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
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p ckP 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
o;i k Z*+* 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
+VSZhg,Np8 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
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CdX`PQ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
:&Qb>PH[ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
|n+ #1_t% 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
LW D. 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
7< ^'DO s 3 Interference 37
0 (wf{5 3.1 Introduction 37
qovQ9O 3.2 General Description 37
'eqiYY| 3.3 Coherence 38
@q,)fBZq 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
)yHJ[ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
j._G7z/LJ 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
? K 0U3V$s 3.6 Interferometry 49
joe9.{ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
a*V9_Px$& 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
BRe{1i 6 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
GA.BI"l 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
.FuA;:@%\ 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
doLkrEm& 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
ir]Mn.(Y 4 Diffraction 67
O'fk&&l 4.1 Introduction 67
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|NmC + 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
rxQ< 4 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
L*P_vCC 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
W3^.5I 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
_Aa[?2 O 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
,NDh@VYe 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
3Q",9(D 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
for { 4.6 Physical Optics Description
6{Ks`Af of Image Formation 81
TfL4_IAG. 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
|Td_S |:d 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
dPHw3^J0j 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
NW)M?f+6 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
?gLAW z 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
*MI)] S 5.1 Introduction 99
[ 6_"^jgH 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
`Z:3` 7c 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
Rxx>{+f4M 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
)L b72;!? 5.2.3 Examples 105
(Q'U@{s 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
YX_vv!-] 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
l DC }HC 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
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('gQ[ 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
57U%` 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
$R"; 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
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5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
HM) :" 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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