Optical Metrology Third Edition }@i f6(0 at2FmBdu C Kjell J. G˚asvik
**69r N Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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CctJFcEZ t1E[uu ,V8 Preface to the Third Edition xi
}68i[v9Njk 1Basics 1
?UM*Xah 1.1 Introduction 1
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9!!;) 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
}kg ye2[ 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
EpQ8a[<-3 1.4 Phase Difference 4
KfF!{g f 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
U%0Ty|$Y 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
S/;bU : 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
-OSa>-bzNx 1.8 The Intensity 8
o 1nURJ! 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
O-)-YVU 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
\.M*lqI 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
RK w$- 7O 2 Gaussian Optics 15
s/089jlc 2.1 Introduction 15
#^+DL]*l 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
A'P(a` 2.2.1 Examples 19
@{Gncy| 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
3Hf0MAt 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
g^zs,4pPU< 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
V| \7')Qq 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
O|_h_I-2 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
g+X}c/" . 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
U`hY{E; 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
N&@}/wzZ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
36 US5ef 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
\d::l{VB 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
J90v!p- 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
h=-"SW 3 Interference 37
)>BHL3@ 3.1 Introduction 37
K\|FQ^#UYm 3.2 General Description 37
6;b ~Ht 3.3 Coherence 38
;;&}5jcV 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
T0]MuIJ). 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
-_$$ Te 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
cu+FM 3.6 Interferometry 49
](|\whI 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
w&ak"GgV 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
p,"g+ MwP 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
4j)tfhwd8 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
Y))NK'B5 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
l& ?ii68/ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
:6%Z]t t 4 Diffraction 67
6-O_\Cq8 4.1 Introduction 67
Dd` Mv$*d8 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
~Jf{4*>y 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
NO :a; 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
W^"AU;^V56 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
m8.U &0 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
y+7PwBo%e 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
<tioJG{OT 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
u]OW8 rc 4.6 Physical Optics Description
~g.$|^,.O/ of Image Formation 81
|fo0 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
:,)lm.}]t 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
({o'd=nO 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
p) +k=b 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
/ &4U6a 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
={u0_ j
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&\_iOw8 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
7F'`CleU 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
#KO,~]k5|e 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
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C D8}I85 K 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
t%8d-+$ 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
tor!Dl@Mo 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
Tgl} 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
_Zr.ba 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
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%.vVEy 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
VH:]@x//{ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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