Optical Metrology Third Edition QPfS3 %p` K/u`W z ~A Kjell J. G˚asvik
>cD+&h34 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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hoi hdVjv 9Yowz]') Preface to the Third Edition xi
k 852M^JP 1Basics 1
'.@R_sj 1.1 Introduction 1
1a90S*M 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
aM9St!i 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
E `)p,{T 1.4 Phase Difference 4
UG>OL2m>5 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
G1~|$X@@ 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
*[7,@S/<F 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
morI'6N 1.8 The Intensity 8
D.<CkD B 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
j#U?'g 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
j78xMGKO 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
38Z"9 2 Gaussian Optics 15
H+3I [`v 2.1 Introduction 15
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^iU1\(L 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
k&DH QvfB 2.2.1 Examples 19
\sC0om, 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
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KF'H|)!K 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
%`}CbD6 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
u6y\ GsM.a 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
#Y}Hh7.< 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
[NvEX Td 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
=O)JPo&iwY 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
{zUc*9 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
["Q8`vV0WO 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
:< &}/r 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Bw*z4qb{yH 3 Interference 37
G-3.- 3.1 Introduction 37
%T6#c7U_ 3.2 General Description 37
&J hN &Ur 3.3 Coherence 38
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3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
d0 V > ;Q 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
*-|+phi m 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
Hs=!.tZ, 3.6 Interferometry 49
cT0utR& 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
g@Ni!U"_c 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
;$&-c/]F# 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
& OhKx 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
.4!N #' 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
f e37T@ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
{C]M]b*F6( 4 Diffraction 67
;wQWt_OtuJ 4.1 Introduction 67
EJWMr`zd n 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
;@d %<yMf@ 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
fr#lH3 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
-;P<Q`{I 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
GoEIY 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
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(IW 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
k) v[/#I 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
)i_FU~ LRq 4.6 Physical Optics Description
5h:SH]tn8] of Image Formation 81
zK-hND FL{ 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
Etu>z+P! 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
^ Nsl5 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
CY>NU 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
mLk Z4OZ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
4G>|It 5.1 Introduction 99
[QZ~~(R 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
)%y~{j+ M 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
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gs8L/veP 5.2.3 Examples 105
<go~WpA|r 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
@6j*XF 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
99ha /t 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
7l VIN&.= 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
y{<#pS. 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
gw* d"~A 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
kuH;AMd v 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
D@ ^F6am% 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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