Optical Metrology Third Edition V+ Z22 Oe?nX> Kjell J. G˚asvik
h W-[omr0 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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>z2{D7 |R4]( Preface to the Third Edition xi
cWi2Sls 1Basics 1
; -3M 1.1 Introduction 1
aaBBI S 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
0o#lB^e;l 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
\l`;]cA 1.4 Phase Difference 4
nv={.H 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
<rkF2 -K, 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
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1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
eu~;G H 1.8 The Intensity 8
T@L^RaPX 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
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f4 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
:=/DF 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
`f(!i mN 2 Gaussian Optics 15
@{bf]Oc 2.1 Introduction 15
E^rN) 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
W uQdz&s> 2.2.1 Examples 19
_*+M'3&= 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
Xd4~N: 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
tlW}lN} 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
uJ%ql5XDV 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
}"szL=s 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
>uVG] 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
d00r&Mc 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
u+]zi"k^s 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
4:K9FqU 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
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U7. 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
rC'97`!K 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
5EU3BVu&u 3 Interference 37
Q>|<R[.7 3.1 Introduction 37
<fP|<>s$@1 3.2 General Description 37
A;%fAI2Vr 3.3 Coherence 38
0g1uM:; 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
~ >6(@~6 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
!$O +M# 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
R8mL|Vb| 3.6 Interferometry 49
<h^vl-L> 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
F:\CDM=lS 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
#jnb6v=5v 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
m49)c K? 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
VH8,!# Q; 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
f\Qi() 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
Q ml<JF 4 Diffraction 67
VlKWWQj 4.1 Introduction 67
N^O.P 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
0Rj_l:d= 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
T8v>J4@t 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
q$\KE4v" 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
ZM\Z2L]n 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
5Ba eHzI 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
+"Ka #Z 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
`}1 8A.K 4.6 Physical Optics Description
;XANITV of Image Formation 81
"wdC/ 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
6z~6o0s~ 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
P#iBwmwN+. 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
v&|o5om 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
aCQAh[T 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
{>90d(j 5.1 Introduction 99
j2V^1 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
<"6}C)G 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
e~xN[Q\0] 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
6?r}bs6Msx 5.2.3 Examples 105
&S/KR$^ % 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
h^cM#L^B 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
{ymD.vf=9+ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
a:C
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^ 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
uq'T:d 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
H}`}qu #~V 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
ZPRkk?M}. 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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