Optical Metrology Third Edition vr5 6
f1 'SF+P)Kmz Kjell J. G˚asvik
(.\ GI D+i Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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RbX!^v<0f6 mMmzi4HL Preface to the Third Edition xi
?6.vd]oNO 1Basics 1
1\1a;Q3W%, 1.1 Introduction 1
CBdS gHA3> 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
tdg.vYMDPC 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
s>z$_ 1.4 Phase Difference 4
epa)ctS9 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
,t5X'sY L 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
dq~p]h~,H 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
7?j$ Lwt 1.8 The Intensity 8
3n9$q r= ' 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
.CFaBwj 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
v<bq1QG 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
*0 M#{HQ 2 Gaussian Optics 15
fVv#| 2.1 Introduction 15
G3&ES3L 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
9PhdoRE b 2.2.1 Examples 19
tVQ fR*= 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
p3O%|)yV 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
}/BwFB+ (/ 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
s` F v! 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
:7%JD .;W 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
K Y/}jJW 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
Z y@35;r 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
06*R)siC 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
quk~z};R>\ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
6~Ga FmW= 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
:Bp{yUgi@ 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
lGqwB,K$z4 3 Interference 37
`*PVFm> 3.1 Introduction 37
Z:aDKAboU 3.2 General Description 37
ZV}BDwOFI 3.3 Coherence 38
VHVU*6_ w 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
LA$uD?YA 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
qT#+DDEAL 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
|# R;pEn 3.6 Interferometry 49
lqA U5K{wQ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
pcNVtp 'V 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
D.)$\Caq 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
,$ 5; 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
Q_/{TE/sO5 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
C- ]H+p 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
Gdnk1_D> 4 Diffraction 67
'GQ1;9A57 4.1 Introduction 67
]+)z}lr8 C 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
|s|>46E 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
h *)spwF- 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
kac@yQD 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
!;lA+O-t 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
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4.5 Optical Filtering 76
0:Js{$ZL4 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
K @"m0 4.6 Physical Optics Description
KrVF>bq+ of Image Formation 81
wRf_IBhCd 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
{>OuxVl??k 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
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i:OD)l 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
aW %ulZ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
~ $#DB@b 5.1 Introduction 99
8<3J!X+ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
K]zBPfx 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
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lE 08UEk1i 5.2.3 Examples 105
J/w?F a< 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
)z3mS2 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
~CldqXeI 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
~b5aT;ObR 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
fMwJwMT8 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
h3a HCr E 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
*gHOH!K,S 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
)=9\6zXS 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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