Optical Metrology Third Edition *jMk/9oa<N 4d_s%n?C Kjell J. G˚asvik
Y%|@R3[Nk Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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w#N?l!5 =&!HwOnp Preface to the Third Edition xi
5'w^@Rs5 1Basics 1
QQe;1O 1.1 Introduction 1
`VQb-V 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
9'x)M?{8 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
)2DQ>cm 1.4 Phase Difference 4
\@}#Gez 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
CSV;+ ,Vv 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
p"*y58 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
@<M*qK1h 1.8 The Intensity 8
Qp2I[Ioz3 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
#k<":O 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
$|$e% 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
* MM[u75 2 Gaussian Optics 15
y<XlRTy[} 2.1 Introduction 15
24Z]%+b*E 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
{F N;'Uc 2.2.1 Examples 19
V@d )?T 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
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=2y8 CgLj 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
pium$4l2# 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
x'Pi5NR E 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
kC UT ^ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
aTGdmj! 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
7ou46v|m5 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
9 1of~ffh 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
e75UMWaeC 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
0a R,H[r[? 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
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.X"D8 3 Interference 37
7%OKH<i\2< 3.1 Introduction 37
*QM~O'WhD 3.2 General Description 37
[oc~iDx%W 3.3 Coherence 38
`\<37E\N} 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
Je4Z(kj 0 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
g M>=%/. 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
5&CDHc7Oj 3.6 Interferometry 49
{dPgf 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
Io2mWvu?5 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
oK FT? "[X 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
+VE U:1Gt 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
[ neXFp}S 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
,J mbqOV?! 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
# $\fh;!W 4 Diffraction 67
r^HA a GpC 4.1 Introduction 67
: 9l51oE7 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
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4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
Aox3s ? 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
y?30_#[dN 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
Bb Jkdt7 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
:^C'<SY2Gs 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
,6<" 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
o%M<-l"!/ 4.6 Physical Optics Description
ID};<[ of Image Formation 81
<XQ.A3SG! 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
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/p 8r 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
XeUC0K[D 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
] *%+H|l 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
Em13dem 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
t~K%.|' 0 5.1 Introduction 99
K.> wQA& 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
;n# %G^!H 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
a0Oe:]mo\ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
E@QA". 5.2.3 Examples 105
[JTto!Ih$ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
Zu<]bv 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
lx,`hl% 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
Az*KsY{/r 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
%4>x!{jwV 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
;5|1M8]=0 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
H*e' Cs/ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
"c`xH@D 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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