Optical Metrology Third Edition 4*cU < %]8qAtV^3j Kjell J. G˚asvik
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?`#/ 8PN 30.@g[~ Preface to the Third Edition xi
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); 1Basics 1
Y~(Md@!0S 1.1 Introduction 1
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k 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
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1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
o)2W`i & 1.4 Phase Difference 4
2g>SHS@1> 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
Oms. e 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
o17ekM L 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
-cSP _1 1.8 The Intensity 8
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@ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
km1~yQ"bH 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
vOc 9ZE 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
A' /KUi 2 Gaussian Optics 15
K?zH3 5f$ 2.1 Introduction 15
qAS qscO 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
$a"n1ou 2.2.1 Examples 19
XoCC / 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
f' aVV ! 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
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2 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
HOE_S!N 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
!H irhD N 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
3MY(<TGX 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
NCk r /#! 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
d~:!#uWyFk 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
>ey\jDr#O 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
kLn i{IYN7 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
.72S o T 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
P3nb2. 3 Interference 37
X '`~s}vGO 3.1 Introduction 37
Qkd<sxL 3.2 General Description 37
I S#FiH 3.3 Coherence 38
:xh?e N& 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
bV$) !]V 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
' F _8j; 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
i]|Yg$ 3.6 Interferometry 49
8rMX9qTO@ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
U F<uU-C" 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
K,bo VFs 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
pm\x~3 jHs 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
LK, bO| 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
E gal4 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
?kZTI ( 4 Diffraction 67
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Df 4.1 Introduction 67
u#V5?i 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
2cq I[t@0 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
b r^_'1 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
3&[>u;Bp 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
%T)oCjM[\ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
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4.5 Optical Filtering 76
,>:;#2+og 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
zSSB>D 4.6 Physical Optics Description
I-WhH>9 of Image Formation 81
H*Kj3NgY 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
a e*M f7 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
LF~*^n> 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
v}tag#f5>? 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
rSHpS`\ou 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
DVK)2La 5.1 Introduction 99
)Lwc 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
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5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
| pmZ.r 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
`xyw ho%/Y 5.2.3 Examples 105
8&Oa_{ 1+Q 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
91q8k=p 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
T.We: ,{ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
l411a9o 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
VsN pHQG] 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
=9z[[dQ|L 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
/}PF\j9#4 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
lNL6M%e$Q 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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