Optical Metrology Third Edition \D>' zxTm`Dh;[ Kjell J. G˚asvik
Su-LZ'C\ Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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?^5W.`Y2i YtxBkKiJ2V Preface to the Third Edition xi
hFs0qPVY 1Basics 1
R qOEQ*k 1.1 Introduction 1
yV=hi?f-[V 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
_Ev"/ % 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
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GVCyVt[!- 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
<@ (H QuL# 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
pcoJ\&&W 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
l{_>?]S5 1.8 The Intensity 8
pjrVPi5&t 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
_QkU,[E 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
!A&Vg # 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
hRtnO|Z6 2 Gaussian Optics 15
VDC rFZ!] 2.1 Introduction 15
nNq| v=L 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
eNi.d;8F 2.2.1 Examples 19
4,wdIdSm4 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
^V_vpr]}P 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
I^0bEwqZ ~ 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
bXC;6xZV 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
Q3_ia 5 `O 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
~|R"GloUw 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
S'B7C>i`#N 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
3,S5> ~R= 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
v=iz*2+X 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
n[ AJ'A{ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
/ QSK$ZDC 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Z!^iPB0~D 3 Interference 37
-QI1>7sl 3.1 Introduction 37
oI Qor%z 3.2 General Description 37
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L/*,[}' 3.3 Coherence 38
M I/ 9 ?B 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
*`=V"nXw$| 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
ZWh:&e( 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
Zb<DgJ=3 3.6 Interferometry 49
c3g\*)Jz"F 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
[ wr0TbtV 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
gy_n=jhi+ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
+w%MwPC7` 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
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D .)R 8X 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
~^KemwogPN 4 Diffraction 67
/J wQ5 4.1 Introduction 67
)u(`s `zd 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
e9o( hL 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
6 @'v6 1' 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
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4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
oT_k"]~Q~2 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
){icI < 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
57%:0loW 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
OI::0KOv 4.6 Physical Optics Description
N r
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[1G4he % 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
Pdrz lu 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
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5lVDYmh 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
]geO%m 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
f.,S-1D]h 5.1 Introduction 99
GwxfnC Ki9 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
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ZMy,<wk 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
1g^ N7YF 5.2.3 Examples 105
<Mxy&9}ic 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
Y{f;qbEQH' 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
]@C&Q,~q 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
s@K|z Ox 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
C[|jJ9VE, 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
) zz"DH 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
_LCK|H%v' 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
P8:k"i/6J 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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