Optical Metrology Third Edition U0iV
E+)Bt nJ/}b/A{ Kjell J. G˚asvik
M*C1QQf\N Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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g/\cN(X $DtUTh 3) Preface to the Third Edition xi
I6gduvkXi4 1Basics 1
\=` j o$S 1.1 Introduction 1
,oPxt 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
pf+VYZ#) 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
4sW ~7:vU 1.4 Phase Difference 4
bI_MF/r'' 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
s:(z;cj/ 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
;>;it5 l= 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
^dsj1#3z 1.8 The Intensity 8
EJQT\c 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
3 TTQf f 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
"WO0 rh` 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
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"dE[X`
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DsD? &: 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
}T AG7U* 2.2.1 Examples 19
tmM; Z(9t 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
R@ /"B?`(f 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
5h Dy62PRr 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
[1ClZ~f 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
#6l(2d 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
! IB}&m 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
q)KOI` A 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
#};Zgixo$ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
;:+2.// 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
e=eip?p 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
zA:q/i 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
^U96p0H"T 3 Interference 37
a2kAZCQ 3.1 Introduction 37
i1A<0W| 3.2 General Description 37
b!`Ze~V 3.3 Coherence 38
Jf\`?g3# 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
wu &lG!# 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
7zJ2n/`m* 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
+dRRMyxe4 3.6 Interferometry 49
bZK^q B 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
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c': 4e) 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
>l/pwb@ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
J #t8x L 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
$J,$_O6 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
n%i L+I 4 Diffraction 67
"r3h+(5 4.1 Introduction 67
~l {Qz0& 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
i~R+ g3oi 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
&^ uaoB0 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
H~SU:B: 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
L U`) 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
&-JIXVd* R 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
-1`}|t; 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
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XE%r of Image Formation 81
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4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
m}z Xy\ 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
qt/6o|V 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
rO O10g 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
\Y!=O=za] 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
Q)qJ6-R|HD 5.1 Introduction 99
[7[Qw]J 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
~ _ tK.m3 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
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(n jTS+? 5.2.3 Examples 105
pv&iJ7RN 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
#F2DEo^0 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
QZa^ Cng~ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
d(R8^v/L 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
AN[ pjC< 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
b9 li 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
jU R*
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}1+2&Ps50 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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