Optical Metrology Third Edition Hh`x>{,|S
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Kjell J. G˚asvik N9 @@n:JT
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway dnt: U!TW@
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Preface to the Third Edition xi e<o{3*%p)
1Basics 1 ?EQ]f34
1.1 Introduction 1 &U/7D!^X
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 A (z
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1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 N T+%u-
1.4 Phase Difference 4 s8;/'?K
1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 @9S3u#vP
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 t Dn{;E D<
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7 [~e{58}J|
1.8 The Intensity 8 r5y p
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1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 @%Y$@ Qb{
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 <^>O<P:v
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 C3 >X1nU
2 Gaussian Optics 15 T= Q"| S]V
2.1 Introduction 15 &L6xagR7M
2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 %%`Q5I
2.2.1 Examples 19 p2T<nP<Pt
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19 ('k ;Ikut
2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 n<RvL^T=
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 =(\
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2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 'MZX"t
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26 a VTTpMY
2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 2}:{}pw
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 JAPiR=
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 ,m ^q >
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 w}2 ;f=
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 kB~KC-&O
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 eru2.(1
3 Interference 37 Y:UDte[Lb
3.1 Introduction 37 v&}+ p s_W
3.2 General Description 37 rBNl%+ sB
3.3 Coherence 38 =e\E{K'f@
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 =)tU]kp
3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 , c3gW2E
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 / ;P* ?
3.6 Interferometry 49 NlLgXn!
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 OJX* :Q
3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 PeCU V6
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 bWp40&vx
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 4-ijuqjN
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 k)l*L1Y4:
3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 { zGM[A
4 Diffraction 67 4n1-@qTPF~
4.1 Introduction 67 FUy!j|W6f
4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 xOfZ9@VU
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 "`A@_;At`
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 [Ol}GvzJ7
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 ruqx #]-
4.4 Fourier Optics 75 Hz A+Oi
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 2R W^Nqc9
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 #L,>)Xk jS
4.6 Physical Optics Description d:|(l^]{r
of Image Formation 81 ~n)gP9Hv
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 VE_% /Fs,
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 fMg3
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 mC-'z
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 "v %|&@
5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 6: PQkr
5.1 Introduction 99
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5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 W=Y?_Oz
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 b
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5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 mv%Zh1khn/
5.2.3 Examples 105 ZAK NyA2
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 L H>oG$a
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 z
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5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 {R5{v6m_
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 E05RqnqBn0
5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 {3 V%
5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 qRV5qN2{XY
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 FPg5!O%
5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 .nGYx
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