Optical Metrology Third Edition E+1j3Q; FoG<$9 Kjell J. G˚asvik
YqJIp. Z Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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?@#}%<yEq ;Z`)*TRp4 Preface to the Third Edition xi
KFs` u6 1Basics 1
)[K3p{4 1.1 Introduction 1
OXacI~C 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
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HJ61C 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
ZkIQ-;wx 1.4 Phase Difference 4
kxmS 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
%xfy\of+Nk 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
h^0mjdSp, 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
@ubz?5 1.8 The Intensity 8
lX4p'R-h 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
0&\Aw'21 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
31*6 ;( 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
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2 Gaussian Optics 15
,![=_ d 2.1 Introduction 15
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r{@yrz 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
K(d!0S 2.2.1 Examples 19
:65HMWy. 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
/(V=Um^0 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
-"zu"H~t4 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
v/czW\z 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
I5L7BTe 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
iW?9oe 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
cWc)sb 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
gxOmbQt@; 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
c2^7"` 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
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2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
6EU4 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
h,>L(=c$O 3 Interference 37
"Cc"y* P 3.1 Introduction 37
2]9<%-=S 3.2 General Description 37
&XRFX 5gP 3.3 Coherence 38
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xZC7" 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
JJ?ri, 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
?0mJBA 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
E ZKz-} 3.6 Interferometry 49
@izi2ND 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
5"am>$rh 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
&t/<yq}{ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
)[sO5X7'^ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
%_MR.J+m2 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
2U'JzE^Do 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
R6Mxdm2P} 4 Diffraction 67
M3@fc,Ch 4.1 Introduction 67
W4*BR_H&* 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
37-y 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
sLa)~To 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
$lAb6e$n 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
o>;0NF| } 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
[RFK-E 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
7]xz8t 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
&@utAuI 4.6 Physical Optics Description
dh;Mp E of Image Formation 81
OO\biYh o 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
Gx_`|I{P 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
x]><}!\<& 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
*!]Epb 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
QGv:h[b_ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
/N[o [q 5.1 Introduction 99
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ZTo 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
JeTrMa 2 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
)-?uX.E{ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
<aSLm= 5.2.3 Examples 105
F `pyhc>1; 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
.`Old{< 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
E0)mI)RW. 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
w[YkTv 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
u5XU`! 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
r6`^>c 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
w] 5U 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
nL+YL 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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