Optical Metrology Third Edition q 4U?}=PD N\xqy-L9 Kjell J. G˚asvik
q A G0t{K Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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&5zUk++ ;E##bdSCA Preface to the Third Edition xi
w8@ Ok_fj 1Basics 1
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~kU 1.1 Introduction 1
'g ,Oi1|~ 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
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qq 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
;9;.!4g/T 1.4 Phase Difference 4
5 bMVDw/ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
3 :f5xF 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
ayC* n' 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
ZtB0:'o; 1.8 The Intensity 8
*A 8C J 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
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<UJ 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
La3f{;|u5M 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
/V3*[ 2 Gaussian Optics 15
`~*qjA 2.1 Introduction 15
m6g+ B > 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
@.M M- 2.2.1 Examples 19
<G6 wpf8M 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
NUm3E4 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
SD TX0v 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
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2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
\r<&7x#j 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
m>UJ; F 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
b_][Jye&P 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
9}3W0F; 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
zW+Y{^hf 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
U:8^>_ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
zwAuF%U 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
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?Q"-o ( 3 Interference 37
b6 g,mzqu 3.1 Introduction 37
U6_1L,W 3.2 General Description 37
S;*,V |#QD 3.3 Coherence 38
{feS-.Khv 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
,riwxl5*E/ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
h2,A cM 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
I, ?bZ&@8 3.6 Interferometry 49
u}#rS%SF* 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
9lny[ {9 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
+n)(\k{ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
cL=P((<K? 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
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fwf\& 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
$aGK8%.O 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
|5g*pX u{ 4 Diffraction 67
.,EZ-&6{ 4.1 Introduction 67
t7-sCC0 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
U7:~@eYy 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
a^ sR?.+3 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
Up/1c:<J 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
f+/^1~^ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
/:%^Vh3XF 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
{d )Et;_ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
mM}|x~\R 4.6 Physical Optics Description
/G84T,H of Image Formation 81
VgoQz]z 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
P.[>x 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
7<N X;Fx 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
/$q;-/DnTZ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
3V,X= 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
~2"|4 5.1 Introduction 99
kZn!]TseN 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
MjG .Ili$m 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
;1eu8N8 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
fM2[wh@ 5.2.3 Examples 105
Z{ p;J^: 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
gR?3)m 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
R>Zn$%j\ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
Ik kJ4G 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
A+[wH( 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
kfmIhHlYQ 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
Ufo- AeQo 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
7 s[ ATu 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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