Optical Metrology Third Edition vVjk9_Ul R\x3'([A5 Kjell J. G˚asvik
QM7B FS; Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
&WS'M e 
D&DbxTi L} K8cB Preface to the Third Edition xi
>^ E*7Bfp 1Basics 1
Z
?F_({im 1.1 Introduction 1
#K/95!) 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
| _nBiHjNn 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
#W4
" ^#2 1.4 Phase Difference 4
ku#WQL 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
{??bJRT 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
q-/t?m0 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
s'BlFB n 1.8 The Intensity 8
RxVZn"" 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
(N9g6V 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
N C
sem 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
l; B 2 Gaussian Optics 15
qTG i9OP6/ 2.1 Introduction 15
vX&W;& 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
_
Ewkb 2.2.1 Examples 19
O0eM*~zI 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
c IPOI'3d 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
-Q|] C{r 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
wVc ^ l 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
Zb:Z,O(vn 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
F(Je$c/J|~ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
7j88^59 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
1jpf t3 *x 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
'($$-P\/ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
ZVrZkd ` 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
|OuIQhoE 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
`^|l+TJG 3 Interference 37
[$#G|> x 3.1 Introduction 37
RrdLh z2N 3.2 General Description 37
$oPc,zS-gL 3.3 Coherence 38
hoLA *v2< 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
:#D~j]pP 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
yet ~ 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
lb C,*U^ 3.6 Interferometry 49
d\2 5 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
+,j6dYub 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
p6r yUJc6 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
Mq_P'/ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
T` 9 nY! 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
1 -E utq 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
M`E}1WNQ?] 4 Diffraction 67
`Jh<8~1 4.1 Introduction 67
)JJF}m= 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
4um^7Ns)7 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
% /qwqo`Q
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
~wO -Hgd 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
EV 7lgKM^ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
Ys|SacWC 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
=ADOf_n} 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
@uanej0q7 4.6 Physical Optics Description
OL_jU2,fv of Image Formation 81
^'fgQyj 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
|kTq
&^$ 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
u4bVp+ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
z;_vl 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
S#< y_w% 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
k|{ 4"4r 5.1 Introduction 99
"oyBF CW 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
12;YxW>[ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
#Tt*NU 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
4Z5;y[k( 5.2.3 Examples 105
%F^,6y 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
mkrVeBp 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
lD-2 5~YV 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
.Lu3LVS 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
N
Hn #c3o 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
{s@ 0<! 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
SpYmgL?wJ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
K}2G4*8S_G 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
Zxozhmg .
b*/Mco 9O .
`zB bB^\`W .
