Optical Metrology Third Edition ?*^HZ~O1 *.
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Kjell J. G˚asvik
{X10, Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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Q9Vj8JO"{ ;(@' +" Preface to the Third Edition xi
H=*lj.x 1Basics 1
$It3}?>C' 1.1 Introduction 1
Vg(FF" 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
n0QHrIf{ 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
`ES+$ O> 1.4 Phase Difference 4
H`s[=Y,m 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
z|8zNt Ug 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
u'T?e+= 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
wGw<z[:f 1.8 The Intensity 8
Q7]bUPDO 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
7J1f$5$m5 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
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X'| 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
f#McTC3C 2 Gaussian Optics 15
I;9C":'# 2.1 Introduction 15
}wZsM[NDB 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
AC*SmQ\>! 2.2.1 Examples 19
D*/fY=gK 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
S$=caZ? 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
i&q_h>ZTg 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
G-| 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
+;,X?E] g 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
OF0v0Y/a 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
ITy/h]0 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
'~VF*i^4 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
N;a' `l 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
@&x'.2[nv 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
`>GXJ~:D[" 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
@~}~;}0x 3 Interference 37
>abpse 3.1 Introduction 37
w"O{@2B3:H 3.2 General Description 37
LLL;SNY 3.3 Coherence 38
u2OrH3E4E3 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
e8M0Lz#} 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
YU XxQ| 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
< lUpvr 3.6 Interferometry 49
Uz=ol.E 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
rk47$36X 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
Nza@6nI" 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
caxOxRo\ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
\Xe{vlo>h 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
_S,UpR~2W 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
dsOt(yNo 4 Diffraction 67
0+k..l 4.1 Introduction 67
b 4f3ef 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
9fWR8iV 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
RXo 6y(^ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
uqD|j:~ =k 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
j`+{FCB7 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
lavy?tFer 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
E:-~SH} 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
v4K! BW 4.6 Physical Optics Description
jxZf,]>T of Image Formation 81
NZO86y/ 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
RY3=UeoF 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
%<r}V<OeR 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
1<cx!=w' 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
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Bko"|e@ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
3dJiu 5.1 Introduction 99
ArScJ\/Nwv 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
I2-ue 63 ? 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
T`,G57-5 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
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5.2.3 Examples 105
=A~5?J= 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
B%`|W@v 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
M`7[hr 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
?B@3A)a 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
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:aE 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
C+>mehDC_G 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
Z78i7k } 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
h6bvUI+|h 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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