Optical Metrology Third Edition !h7` W*:: ;C-5R U
V Kjell J. G˚asvik
3=) /-l Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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-B$oq8 )n* <\ ?ySto Preface to the Third Edition xi
$Ha?:jSc 1Basics 1
WUAjb ,eo 1.1 Introduction 1
o(>!T=f 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
'/SMqmi 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
kjN9(&D 1.4 Phase Difference 4
ppVjFCv0< 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
a2UER1Yp" 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
P6S^wjk 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
d6<,R;) 1.8 The Intensity 8
>DQl&:-)t 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
e}f!zA 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
q#I/N$ F 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
E3 .=|]W' 2 Gaussian Optics 15
K8{ j oh 2.1 Introduction 15
IoJkM-^H&) 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
p{!aRB% 2.2.1 Examples 19
u~Q0V J~ 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
KwWqsuju 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
G-Z_pGer^ 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
):&A\nb 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
wsP3hE' ] 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
(G} *ho 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
kX\t0'=] 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
qDhz|a# 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
{{f%w$r( 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
CBs0>M/ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
5)V J 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
nq8mz I 3 Interference 37
I5F oh|) 3.1 Introduction 37
_+wou(1y 3.2 General Description 37
oj$D3 3.3 Coherence 38
X~5TA)h;~ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
v%/_*69a 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
KI-E =<zt 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
R7e`Wn 3.6 Interferometry 49
C#p$YQf 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
}Nl-3I.S^ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
g {8>2OK$c 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
X82 sw>Y 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
Dq*>+1eW2 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
+=|Q'V 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
/Y:_qsO1 4 Diffraction 67
sJ7r9 O`x 4.1 Introduction 67
% &4sHDP 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
+G? 4Wc1 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
7w|W\J^7r 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
N gu+V 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
}a"T7y23 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
: "3WC B 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
\UGs_5OT 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
4B <D.i ;} 4.6 Physical Optics Description
xI< Dc*G of Image Formation 81
BGodrb1 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
4NQS'*%D 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
X/];*='Q 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
jWiB_8- 6 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
m!|u{<,R 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
^lB1- ;ng 5.1 Introduction 99
TW Qf2 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
6BFtY+.y 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
G!8O*4 +A 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
e~ W35Y>A 5.2.3 Examples 105
g>_6O[;t% 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
E6NkuBQ(( 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
,@/b7BVv 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
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X 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
#v=hi L 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
9 vmH$ 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
:upi2S_ e 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
vXR-#MS`} 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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