Optical Metrology Third Edition 0\.y0
K8 A M# '(k( Kjell J. G˚asvik
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Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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}UX >O [ 3j]r{0I Preface to the Third Edition xi
Uq"RyvkpP 1Basics 1
!j\ yt 1.1 Introduction 1
wj Y 3:S~ 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
?onZ:s2 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
z]tv y). 1.4 Phase Difference 4
+&JF|#FQ` 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
Ff|?<\x0}A 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
W(EU*~<U C 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
u U\UULH0 1.8 The Intensity 8
lQ oa[#q 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
mz> "4-] 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
F+9|D 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
$lUZm\R|k 2 Gaussian Optics 15
,VbP$1 t 2.1 Introduction 15
Pf]L`haGN 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
KWM.b"WnXr 2.2.1 Examples 19
eml(F 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
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nAg|m,gA 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
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2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
b5KX ` r 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
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`0XH 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
i |cSO2O+ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
Ut Y< R 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
DOf[? vbu 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
<^OGJ}G 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
RfFeAg,]/ 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Ws'3*HAce 3 Interference 37
~G ,n> 3.1 Introduction 37
lZ'NL bK 3.2 General Description 37
zPZy#7/A 3.3 Coherence 38
h2K1|PUKl[ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
k'EP->r 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
F~z4T/TN%G 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
b1E>LrL 3.6 Interferometry 49
?;! l-D y 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
E2 #XXc 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
A03,X;S+ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
-g_PJ.Hk 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
/id(atiF^ 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
*b ~$|H-\ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
r>A, 7{ 4 Diffraction 67
ps^Z)x`GV 4.1 Introduction 67
t d-EB&i\ 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
?tg(X [h{S 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
6E85mfFS 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
E*i <P 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
,accw}G 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
vaS/ WEY 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
BPwFcT)i!( 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
-"#;U`.oh7 4.6 Physical Optics Description
cea%M3 of Image Formation 81
['e8Xz0 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
_T)dmhG 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
>ouHR* 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
]FL =E3U 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
{H=DeQ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
Sc`W'q^X 5.1 Introduction 99
1s "6 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
#'_i6 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
] |@RWzA 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
T\NvN&h- 5.2.3 Examples 105
lL/|{A|-j 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
UW8 8JA0 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
o!dTB,Molr 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
c>,|[zP{ 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
E}00y% @*J 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
\J.PrE'(} 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
DfXXN 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
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5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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