Optical Metrology Third Edition 49Ht I9@ K& 2p<\ 2 Kjell J. G˚asvik
=NyzX&H6 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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u+th?KO` Y6 ^lKw Preface to the Third Edition xi
fgTvwO Sk 1Basics 1
%#ms`"H 1.1 Introduction 1
cGOE $nL 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
p *NC nD* 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
?aO%\<b 1.4 Phase Difference 4
zXUE<\ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
*% uv7G@%N 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
.yg"!X 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
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MQRb?[ 1.8 The Intensity 8
~~ )&? \N 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
kD MS7y<s 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
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LI 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
--" ,}%- 2 Gaussian Optics 15
BFj@Z' 7P 2.1 Introduction 15
_Y\@{T;^Zb 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
~]c^v'k 2.2.1 Examples 19
rv|k8 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
6TPcG d Z 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
&WvJg#f 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
'>'h7F=tY 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
UkXc7D^jwm 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
y%E R51+ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
t6-c{ZX>A 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
.9 nsW? 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
=p&6A^ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
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|CgI#h 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
jnH44 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
% ,~; w0 3 Interference 37
!dV cnK1 3.1 Introduction 37
K%Q^2 "Eb0 3.2 General Description 37
fVR ~PG0 3.3 Coherence 38
;M4N=G Wd4 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
uVOpg] 8d 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
n (cSfT 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
VF A1p)n 3.6 Interferometry 49
K"-N:OV 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
,u~\$ Az6 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
tGM)"u- 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
b'vJPv~hI 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
4_r8ynq{z 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
'*-X 3p 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
5:n&G[Md 4 Diffraction 67
r=&PUT+vt 4.1 Introduction 67
:*c@6;2@ 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
r<C^hs&] 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
DgOoEH y[ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
&[RC 4^;\V 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
B*DH^";t 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
L=HL1Qe$G] 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
8'g/WZY~~ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
z^B!-FcIz> 4.6 Physical Optics Description
z:< (b of Image Formation 81
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4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
i1aS2gFi_ 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
{p6",d."N& 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
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o/=K:5 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
_Q.3X[88C 5.1 Introduction 99
Hyee#fB 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
?{{E/J:% 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
[ d dEt 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
\dufKeiS&a 5.2.3 Examples 105
%@pTEhpF 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
"OK(<x]3;> 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
wQ [2yq 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
y)(SS8JR 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
*q8W;Wa L 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
WWE?U-o 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
YrZAy5\ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
06Uxd\E~ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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