Optical Metrology Third Edition <kY|| BAQ;.N4 Kjell J. G˚asvik
`;'fCO! Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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hhZUE] $AI0NM Preface to the Third Edition xi
*,Mg 1Basics 1
^KK9T5H 1.1 Introduction 1
[u=DAk?8 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
eqFOPK5q 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
^Z9v_qB 1.4 Phase Difference 4
K% Gbl# 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
l}Fa-9_' 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
Ob|[/NN 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
/nX+*L}d/ 1.8 The Intensity 8
/p&)bL 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
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l:' 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
e 1k\:]6 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
9gz"r 2 Gaussian Optics 15
&dC #nw 2.1 Introduction 15
X?F$jX|c 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
N$jI&SI?} 2.2.1 Examples 19
N,><,7!q$, 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
5xEk 7g. 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
.W>8bg'u9 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
l5jW`cl1 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
R+s_uwS 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
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&M,"%w! 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
SwDUg}M~ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
>QusXD"L> 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
;-G!jWt6Zi 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
yk5T"#'+ 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
p2=Sbb 3 Interference 37
,8F?v~C 3.1 Introduction 37
xYMNyj~ 3.2 General Description 37
mndUQN_Gb 3.3 Coherence 38
kt";Jx 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
l7]$Wc[ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
AR}M*sSh 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
h= 3156M 3.6 Interferometry 49
x+O}R D*G 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
GMw|@?:{ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
,H3C\.%w\ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
TwZvz[u 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
)-3!-1 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
@UO=)PxN3 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
"~h.u 4 Diffraction 67
328(W 4.1 Introduction 67
AJ;Y Nb 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
|U_48 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
?-F SDNQ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
T#lySev 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
ifu"e_^ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
F:/R'0 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
cLQvzd:h= 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
MwxfTH"wi 4.6 Physical Optics Description
S?{|qlpy of Image Formation 81
dt"[5;_P` 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
O=1uF 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
cJ&e^$:Er 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
b8J\Lm|J 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
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Ieb#91 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
XR^VRn6O 5.1 Introduction 99
/$hfd?L 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
%J`; 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
~6'6v8 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
(k"oV>a| 5.2.3 Examples 105
1Tn!.E * 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
+a&-'`7g 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
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V 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
/Q"nQSG 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
{uO8VL5+Qx 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
O0xL;@rBe 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
Ep}KIBBO 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
Z'GOp? 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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