Optical Metrology Third Edition GB`
G(a 1bpjj'2%x Kjell J. G˚asvik
kY]^~|i6 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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$+p4X# _ (}&O)3) Preface to the Third Edition xi
z.] 1Basics 1
Zh 3hCxXa 1.1 Introduction 1
H<bB@(i 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
zua=E2 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
TaE&8;H# N 1.4 Phase Difference 4
q5u"v 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
oO~LiK> 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
m { C 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
5_= HtM[v] 1.8 The Intensity 8
Qr$Ay3#k 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
H?W8_XiN 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
!i*bb~ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
qo62! q 2 Gaussian Optics 15
j3)fmlA 2.1 Introduction 15
R[_UbN 28 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
pZO`18z 2.2.1 Examples 19
vILq5iR 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
y759S)U>>p 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
pG(%yIiAi 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
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g Q~X;' 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
{8Uk] 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
E LqpIXq# 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
={gf x; 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
%W:]OPURK 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
1*u i|fuK 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
=}7[ypQM`] 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
ew{(@p+$ 3 Interference 37
n*vzp?+Y 3.1 Introduction 37
'+* {u]\ 3.2 General Description 37
Kzz]Z O*3 3.3 Coherence 38
{t1 ;icu 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
Jx_B jkF 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
=TG[isC/F9 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
hRKA,u/G 3.6 Interferometry 49
C A vy S 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
tNbZ {=I> 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
n# lZRwhq 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
m C &*K 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
K|g+W t^tQ 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
U jrML 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
sGs_w:Hn 4 Diffraction 67
;R8pVj !1f 4.1 Introduction 67
'#p2v'A 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
G>yTv`- 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
7U _OUUg 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
>p|tIST 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
"[t (u/e 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
_6k ej#o8 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
}4A $j{\ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
smTPca)7s 4.6 Physical Optics Description
HE0@`(mCpa of Image Formation 81
2J5RZg9jL 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
c^s%t:)K 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
d Z"w2ho 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
TaI72"8 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
x vx+a0 A 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
(^4V]N& 5.1 Introduction 99
D?:AHj%gW 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
aS,M=uqqK 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
;+-M+9"?O 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
mxQP Ou 5.2.3 Examples 105
*8?0vkZZ2 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
m^M sp:T, 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
/$NZj" # 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
]= nM|e 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
u|}p3-z|Y 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
./# F,^F2 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
]> dCt< 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
o,y P9~8\ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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