Optical Metrology Third Edition z)B =<4r ]VME`]t` Kjell J. G˚asvik
Qi61(lK Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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9wC; m : Xy{+=UY Preface to the Third Edition xi
h]#)41y< 1Basics 1
2$91+N*w9 1.1 Introduction 1
vn <S " 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
:]s] =q&] 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
AL0Rn e N 1.4 Phase Difference 4
Ml Z`g ,{ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
k Wd'gftQ 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
S(6ZX>wv: 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
-,dQ&Qf? 1.8 The Intensity 8
1|VJN D 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
66*o2D\Q*G 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
-eMRxa> 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
$#r(1 Ev 2 Gaussian Optics 15
]`prDw' 2.1 Introduction 15
vF&b|V+, 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
q*O KA5 2.2.1 Examples 19
5o/rV.I 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
Pa}vmn1$ 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
4_<Uk 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
8##jd[o&p~ 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
+mQSlEo 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
Ub,u nU 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
lNb\^b 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
kR|y0V {K* 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
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;Q 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
S2)S/ nf 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
}U9jsm 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Qx;A; n!lw 3 Interference 37
jvQ"cs$. 3.1 Introduction 37
:!$z1u8R 3.2 General Description 37
PS6`o 3.3 Coherence 38
J~q+ G 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
919g5f` 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
l'QR2r7&. 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
F6p1 VFs 3.6 Interferometry 49
nY)Pxahm 7 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
iC-ABOOu{l 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
L])w- 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
t5h_Q92N 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
1!3kAcBP 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
W1 Qc1T8 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
F/sBr7I 4 Diffraction 67
Gq/6{eRo\ 4.1 Introduction 67
.h,xBT`}Ji 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
9#ft;c 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
\a Iy68rH, 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
}e M<A$J 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
N_D+d4@ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
Z@!W? Ed 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
<q2nZI^ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
zF&UdS3 4.6 Physical Optics Description
*GP_ut% of Image Formation 81
P* `xiTA 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
.E#Sm?gK 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
X vMG09 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
/T[ICd2J 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
C+XZDY(=Z 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
493i*j5r)l 5.1 Introduction 99
bK\WdG\; 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
DWQQ615i 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
e oSM@Isu 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
@BUqQ9q: 5.2.3 Examples 105
I^(#\vRW 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
}Y`<(V5: 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
2F @)nh 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
*Ne&SXg 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
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siYRRr 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
R 2THL 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
_`i%9Ad.4 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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