Optical Metrology Third Edition t
1gH9 l8rBp87Q Kjell J. G˚asvik
B]jN~CO? Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
M`^;h: DN^
Twi:BI`. j<[+vrj Preface to the Third Edition xi
=I.
b2e1z 1Basics 1
N&ZIsaK,j 1.1 Introduction 1
5[NF 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
`uK_}Vy_ 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
u
xi f-5 1.4 Phase Difference 4
U6SgV
8 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
^D`ARH 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
-OY[x|0 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
E5@U~|V[ 1.8 The Intensity 8
K& /
rzs- 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
%{'hpT~h 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
,jVj9m 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
&d/v/Y 2 Gaussian Optics 15
`72 uf<YQ 2.1 Introduction 15
eTi r-7 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
^]Mlkd: 2.2.1 Examples 19
7I.7%m,g 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
pi`sx[T@{Z 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
1~X~"M 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
dfkmIO%9X 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
f{_K%0* 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
!B36+W+ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
XHq8p[F 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
QvB]?D#h 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
Ga
o(3Y 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
'&_<!Nv3 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
uYk4qorA 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Q)pm3Wi 3 Interference 37
?FC6NEu}8 3.1 Introduction 37
P8#;a 3.2 General Description 37
.^]=h#[e 3.3 Coherence 38
9H~{2Un 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
P=ARttT`( 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
bvM\Qzc!<3 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
6wV{}K^0 3.6 Interferometry 49
@r.u8e)l 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
?R2`RvQ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
0:<dj:%M 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
G4Y]fzC 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
P<@Yux# 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
3W*O%9t7 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
M[9]t(" 4 Diffraction 67
dL9QYIfP 4.1 Introduction 67
gwFHp.mE 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
h#p1wK;N 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
;dq AmBG{8 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
RU`m|< 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
FBfyW-
7 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
-#XNZy!// 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
\]AsL& 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
qG S]2KY 4.6 Physical Optics Description
"WKE%f of Image Formation 81
m<ZwbD 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
;D5B$ @W> 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
ii%n:0+zm 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
MYqxkhcLH1 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
wg? :jK 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
$ohg?B; 5.1 Introduction 99
8'+XR`g:ax 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
x
Hw$ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
0-dhGh?. 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
'c#ZW|A 5.2.3 Examples 105
AuZ?~I1 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
.^s%Nh2jM 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
qcxq-HS2' 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
]1] 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
],%}}UN 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
!Xt=+aKN 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
64s9Dy@%F 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
~mUP!f 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
)i; y4S .
D]+tr% .
"HR
&Rf k .