Optical Metrology Third Edition 1L Fad>` 3,Z;J5VL4! Kjell J. G˚asvik
@fA| y Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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6qQ_I 0f x]Nx,tt Preface to the Third Edition xi
g_PP 9S_? 1Basics 1
.mwW`D 1.1 Introduction 1
)6"p@1\u 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
|j/Y#.k;{0 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
%q r,Ssa/ 1.4 Phase Difference 4
73 1RqUR 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
i .K!;E> 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
[+5g 9tBJ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
X:f5t` ; 1.8 The Intensity 8
' rXf 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
w&}<b% l 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
\ eba9i^ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
5`}za- 2 Gaussian Optics 15
DdISJWc'`5 2.1 Introduction 15
ADxje%!1O 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
EBWM8~Nm# 2.2.1 Examples 19
X ?ZLmP7| 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
z NGU ll$ 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
/J"fbBXwY 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
GXLh( d!C 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
v}5YUM0H ` 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
i,;a( Sy4 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
r4K _W p 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
%Y /;jC Y 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
IEM{? 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
1H%p|'FKA 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
S+Ia2O)BA 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
' 8R5 Tl 3 Interference 37
o3GZc H? 3.1 Introduction 37
usK P9[T$ 3.2 General Description 37
/EHO(d!< 3.3 Coherence 38
st.{AEv@ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
9 M?UPE 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
~[aV\r? 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
',|OoxhbK 3.6 Interferometry 49
:%28*fl 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
Vnb@5W 2\ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
7Kj7or| 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
VqD_FS;E 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
3ohHBo 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
v9TIEmZ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
oFt _ yU- 4 Diffraction 67
R:'&>.AUw 4.1 Introduction 67
_h,X3P 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
%y_pF?2@q 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
ncVt (!c,e 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
2cS94h 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
D;48VK/Q 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
>#;_Ebl@ 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
L*p7|rq$" 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
zLxuxf~4@ 4.6 Physical Optics Description
DHhty qm of Image Formation 81
Jp 8 ,s % 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
cN2Pl%7 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
GVf[H2%H 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
VgY6M_V 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
(Xz q(Q V 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
9)[)0 7 5.1 Introduction 99
vy7?]}MvV 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
X rc{w Dn 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
bz,"TG[ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
ZOppec1D 5.2.3 Examples 105
:YLYCVi| 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
*. A-UoHa 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
cdI"=B+C\ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
z)eN M}cF 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
5ff 5M=M 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
XfEp_.~JM 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
Du-Q~I6 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
i$:yq. DW 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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