Optical Metrology Third Edition Eae]s8ek9 +7^%fX;3pW Kjell J. G˚asvik
~-A5h( Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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/XS}<!)% 1 q}i UnR Preface to the Third Edition xi
jNaK] 1Basics 1
Q;)[~p 1.1 Introduction 1
tL 3]9qfj 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
_?Rprmjx} 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
5``/exG> 1.4 Phase Difference 4
Ad9'q!_en 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
,k pk XK 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
vbmi_[,U 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
>y(;k|-$ 1.8 The Intensity 8
(pREo/ T 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
jXSo{ 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
A%k@75V@ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
8JJqEkQ 2 Gaussian Optics 15
+]Po!bN@@ 2.1 Introduction 15
Z8z.Xn 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
S'9T>&<Kn 2.2.1 Examples 19
`rbTB3? 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
J5*krH2i 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
Eu l,1yR 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
:JV= Kt 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
V~+Oil6sa 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
O:{I9V-=>s 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
ht (RX 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
4~P{H/ ] 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
#i %it 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
H a[Bf* 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
Z Mt9'w; 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
U rm&4&y 3 Interference 37
vCb3Ra~L` 3.1 Introduction 37
B~D{p t3y 3.2 General Description 37
E2Q;1Re@ 3.3 Coherence 38
/$|C s 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
3 i Id> 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
}cn46 L%/ 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
?3D|{ 3.6 Interferometry 49
5=W z KM 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
\T `InBbf 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
eee77.@y-p 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
(OwAhjHE 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
wzVx16Rvc 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
;IZ*o<_ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
=
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j]U sb_7 4.1 Introduction 67
ELf cZfJ 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
/2N'SOX 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
J -tOO 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
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4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
5\gL+ qM0 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
9>yLSM,!rS 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
4QC"|<9R 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
f4UnLig 4.6 Physical Optics Description
JL [$B1 of Image Formation 81
0zQ"5e?qy 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
,n<t':- 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
#S)] `YW 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
8 mj Pa^A 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
Yv<' QC 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
@ 32~#0a 5.1 Introduction 99
yY_(o]k 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
nGQc;p5; 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
TR P#b 7nC 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
~A@T_ *0 5.2.3 Examples 105
, I6jfXI4 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
%J(y2 } 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
8=QOp[w 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
Ne<={u% 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
1P4cB w% 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
Z/ -9 G 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
a%| I'r 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
g_X-.3=2K 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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