Optical Metrology Third Edition vq7%SE kES Y{|yB Kjell J. G˚asvik
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)\Q|}JV Preface to the Third Edition xi
O Zm[i H 1Basics 1
=Gz>ZWF 1.1 Introduction 1
ss8v4@C 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
_PXo'*j 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
7=A9E] : 1.4 Phase Difference 4
>8O=^7 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
5u doZ >T 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
NV4W2thYo 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
N |2 1.8 The Intensity 8
{; cB?II 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
P.Z<b:V! 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
4(GgaQFO? 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
Q8cPK DB 2 Gaussian Optics 15
-xIhN?r) 2.1 Introduction 15
D@W3;T^ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
!BuJC$ 2.2.1 Examples 19
,nRwwFd. 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
XPo' iI- 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
k]9> V@C 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
v^_]W 3K 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
! >Y\&z A 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
-f|^}j? 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
S{7ik,Gdg 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
Nw& }qSN 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
8A u<\~p 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
@<yc .> 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
"d>g)rvOc 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
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C3 lf- 3 Interference 37
T4Gw\ Z% 3.1 Introduction 37
||ZufFO 3.2 General Description 37
9O T 4j Am 3.3 Coherence 38
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3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
FK >8kC 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
fA0=Y,pzv 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
`Mp7 }) 3.6 Interferometry 49
D 4 ]B> 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
J K]tcP 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
MGKeD+=5 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
seU^IC< 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
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fy>An d* 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
nEcd+7( 4 Diffraction 67
15T[J%7f 4.1 Introduction 67
N z3%}6F: 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
o``>sB ZOq 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
:`^3MMLO 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
^pV>b(?qw 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
{%~4RZA 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
4'hcHdL9 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
?&<o_/`-H5 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
mS~ ]I$ 4.6 Physical Optics Description
J[Yg]6 of Image Formation 81
`CEj 4 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
<6O _t,K] 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
h 4.=sbzZ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
U;Ll.BFP 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
D<3V#Opw 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
V]kGcS} 5.1 Introduction 99
eQax ZMU 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
sqpOS!] 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
P WN'.HQ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
o),6o'w( 5.2.3 Examples 105
CndgfOF 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
L8]{ B 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
oSA*~ N: 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
Q$h:[_v 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
u !3]RGJ 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
DMcxa.Sd! 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
T<e7(= 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
{29S`-|P 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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