Optical Metrology Third Edition #` 3Q4 +zMhA p Kjell J. G˚asvik
3q/Us0jr Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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3 Preface to the Third Edition xi
@]n8*n 1Basics 1
m[= SCH-; 1.1 Introduction 1
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h 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
n 3$=& 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
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y0 1.4 Phase Difference 4
N%f" W&ci 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
*}C%z( 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
:(XyiF<Ud 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
q+9^r Q 1.8 The Intensity 8
>!1 ] G"U 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
^rfR<Q` 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
.eIs$ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
y<6Sl6l* 2 Gaussian Optics 15
y?UJ <QAi 2.1 Introduction 15
ynA_Z^j 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
:4zPYG o 2.2.1 Examples 19
&qWg$_ Yh 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
q* lk9{> 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
N>3{!K>/Y: 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
+>C26Q 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
RCTqV.L 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
0E#??gN 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
OulRqbL 2 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
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# w.>e 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
;cf$u}+ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
=b$g_+ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
D-@6 hWh~ 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
uH$hMg 3 Interference 37
B)7 :*Kj 3.1 Introduction 37
4e>f}u 5 3.2 General Description 37
Byw EoS 3.3 Coherence 38
H%m^8yW1 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
XwEMF5[ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
9K}DmS 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
vVtkB$]L 3.6 Interferometry 49
,9 G'1%z, 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
Yd snu 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
Bs0 ~P 4^ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
B> E4," 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
}2LG9B% 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
H%n /;DW 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
0>j0 L8#^p 4 Diffraction 67
&kd W(;` 4.1 Introduction 67
])y)]H#{ 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
4;~xRg;u&* 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
Nb lPVxS 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
'exR;q\ 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
JGq9RB]D$ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
g&/lyQ+G 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
dKPXs-5 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
"d/54PKWx 4.6 Physical Optics Description
1y [~xxgE of Image Formation 81
x!I@cP#O 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
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4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
v89tV9O) 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
A* qR<cp[ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
kxe{HxM$Z 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
0KExB{ K 5.1 Introduction 99
:H itx 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
9r\p4_V 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
^K`PYai 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
|(x%J[n0+ 5.2.3 Examples 105
W{JR%Sq$ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
/ tkV/ 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
]p( es,[ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
uUaDesz~= 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
68~]_r.a 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
'GW~~UhdW 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
}c9RDpjh~ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
E\4ZUGy 0 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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