Optical Metrology Third Edition ,`<^F:xl .pZ o(* Kjell J. G˚asvik
;Z ]<S_#- Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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ybZ} i8Fs0U4" Preface to the Third Edition xi
I*D<J$ 9N 1Basics 1
XzT78 1.1 Introduction 1
la'e[t7 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
~ J0,)_b%* 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
n{dP@_>WS 1.4 Phase Difference 4
S d IGU[fm 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
W|ReLM\ 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
"r8EC 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
=op`fn% 1.8 The Intensity 8
:T_'n, 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
=G(*gx 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
LGIalf*7 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
QU:EY'2 2 Gaussian Optics 15
q*L
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!\CG,E k 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
3 brb*gI_b 2.2.1 Examples 19
G%a] j 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
.i$,}wtw 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
16I&7=S, 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
UqN{JG:#. 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
[UM Lx 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
?*[\UC 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
DU;[btK> 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
%c]nWR+/ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
oEJaH 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
Bi e?M 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
*4t-e0]j@w 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
&vCeLh:s 3 Interference 37
&K>cW$h=a 3.1 Introduction 37
Yx5J$!Ld 3.2 General Description 37
f'&GFL=c 3.3 Coherence 38
C\ vC?(n 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
j'+ELKQ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
]}kI)34/ 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
Va7c#P? 3.6 Interferometry 49
#e/2C 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
Z!=L 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
XYjcJ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
^]6M["d/p 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
RU0i#suiz 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
Uo2+:p 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
wUoiXi09 4 Diffraction 67
1?(cmXj 4.1 Introduction 67
OkpwhkPL5 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
p%F8'2)} 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
7rcA[)<' 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
_#!U"hkH 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
:[xvlW29 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
(?\?it- 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
?q_^Rj$ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
}X]\VSF{ 4.6 Physical Optics Description
j$Nf%V 6Y of Image Formation 81
mQ}Gh_'ps 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
H?tUCbw 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
1AF%-<`?s 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
;1 |x 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
>GXXjAIu/ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
"(,2L,Zh 5.1 Introduction 99
k#C
f}) 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
gfde#T)S 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
gWOt]D/ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
1a$IrQE 5.2.3 Examples 105
WuM C^ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
56DoO' 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
w2{g,A| 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
$W&:(& 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
,[isib3 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
+~Tu0?{Z 0 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
nIn2 *r 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
*%\mZ,s" 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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