Optical Metrology Third Edition umrI4.1c p. ~jo Kjell J. G˚asvik
fJ lN'F7 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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=F-^RnO%\ !Jp.3,\?~ Preface to the Third Edition xi
K}(n;6\ 1Basics 1
j1CD;9i)% 1.1 Introduction 1
D>^ix[:J 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
!! #ale& 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
F+9`G[ 1.4 Phase Difference 4
&rWJg6/ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
nt`l6b 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
T.dO0$,Q@$ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
3n)iT SU3 1.8 The Intensity 8
`B 0*/ml 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
!D5`8 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
H)fo4N4ii 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
z ate%y 2 Gaussian Optics 15
I}A#* iD 2.1 Introduction 15
7B2Og{P 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
F5q1VEe 2.2.1 Examples 19
:L zj'Ij 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
o=2`N2AL 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
kYa'
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Q >*K/%KD 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
,$[lOFs 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
7+-}8&s yu 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
AG0x) 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
g<c^\WG 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
<W^~Y31:0 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
uCr 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
\R t 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Di=6.gm[< 3 Interference 37
)pH{b]t 3.1 Introduction 37
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3.2 General Description 37
!]T|=yw 3.3 Coherence 38
.lS6KBf@ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
R:<AR.)K 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
m_f^#: 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
Bv*h ?`Q 3.6 Interferometry 49
1'B?f# s 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
86Vu PV- 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
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3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
Y [,C1, 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
5to NEDN 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
:9qB{rLi} 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
6>%NL "* ] 4 Diffraction 67
jGPs!64f) 4.1 Introduction 67
h {b tT 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
x7>sy,c 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
ArM e[t0$ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
O-Y E6u 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
z05pVe/5 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
i:To8kdO 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
YJ`> &AJ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
qQryv_QP 4.6 Physical Optics Description
2US8<sq+ of Image Formation 81
*i90[3l 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
? ~8V;Qn 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
W;W\L? r 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
sS|5x 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
07&S^ X^/ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
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J{I?t~u 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
C5FtJquGN) 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
EA72%Y9F 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
<jjaqDSmz 5.2.3 Examples 105
mmti3Y 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
nAOId90wue 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
BZsxf'eN' 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
$ :/1U$ 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
MI 3_<[ 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
Ns{4BM6j 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
R lu;l 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
0'",4=c#V 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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