Optical Metrology Third Edition Hb} X-6N "5R~(+~<@ Kjell J. G˚asvik
v{zMO:3 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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y;w x?1 ) C?v[Z]t Preface to the Third Edition xi
!G^L/?z3 1Basics 1
'. Ed`?<p 1.1 Introduction 1
RqEH| EUZ 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
gI^o U 4mq 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
4;n6I)&.( 1.4 Phase Difference 4
3~ S'LxV 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
y&} E~5O 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
{vUN+We 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
u0 aJu 1.8 The Intensity 8
[[PEa-992 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
g VQjL+_W 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
61puqiGG^ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
zJP6F.Ov! 2 Gaussian Optics 15
Y} #h5 \ 2.1 Introduction 15
:I -V_4b 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
` >0MNmu 2.2.1 Examples 19
fkf1m:Ckh 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
+zXEYc 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
f Vb-$ 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
x~xa6 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
8Ac)'2t;U 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
d
;vT ~; 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
i1H\#;`$ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
~\{^%~[48 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
~gB>) ] 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
3 "o"fl 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
B<j'm0a> B 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
*K> l*l(f] 3 Interference 37
DXz} YIEC 3.1 Introduction 37
-@T/b$]'n 3.2 General Description 37
PV|uPuz 3.3 Coherence 38
64hk2 a8 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
mM`wITy 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
]-ZEWt6lsc 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
311LC cRp 3.6 Interferometry 49
aL IBD'z 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
Fx-8M! 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
626Z5Afg 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
W6On9 3sa 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
8_T6_jL< 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
v) vkn/: 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
yAoe51h? 4 Diffraction 67
I\YV des# 4.1 Introduction 67
C@th O 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
Q}-~O1 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
} CeCc0M 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
u_ABt?' 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
M5xC C! 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
=Zi2jL?On 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
gx %|Pgd 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
>JiltF7H0 4.6 Physical Optics Description
BJ% eZ. of Image Formation 81
?O>V%@ 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
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^tXJj:wtS 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
P2bZ6 5>3y 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
<~ Sz04 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
7b<yVP;{ 5.1 Introduction 99
d/i`l* 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
A h Z8 0 ! 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
P*cNh43U 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
4'0Dr ++ 5.2.3 Examples 105
o7| eMe?<t 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
V0)fZS@tf 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
qi_Jywd:w 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
br|;'i%( 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
I '|$}/\` 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
qAw x2fPu 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
U" Z mv 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
k+ze74_" 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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