Optical Metrology Third Edition 9T)-|fja_ w9vqFtj Kjell J. G˚asvik
vFQ'sd]C Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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NI3_wV -e30! A Preface to the Third Edition xi
jfk`%CEk= 1Basics 1
z`lDD 1.1 Introduction 1
8dP^zjPj 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
a(F%M 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
%;GDg3L[p 1.4 Phase Difference 4
$Die~rPU 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
1I_(!F{Ho 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
H.*XoktC] 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
k5(@n>p 1.8 The Intensity 8
:dK/}S0 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
J}M_Ka 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
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2)zEy 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
D$&LCW#x 2 Gaussian Optics 15
$6Az\Iu * 2.1 Introduction 15
_O w]kP=' 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
"u=U@1 ^ 2.2.1 Examples 19
Xpp%j 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
N{<9Njmm 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
3{"M N= 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
g6V>_| 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
Ak=|wY{ 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
+`_Km5= 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
nbf w7u 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
6:$+"@ps 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
FM=-^l, 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
27CVAX ghV 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
079mn/8; 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
&E +2 3 Interference 37
S)L(~N1 3.1 Introduction 37
6M-Y`T`J 3.2 General Description 37
>^|(AzS 3.3 Coherence 38
RX6s[uQ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
_ giZ'&l! 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
>/eV4ma" 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
)Co&(;zf 3.6 Interferometry 49
vf-cx\y7 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
;G\RGU~ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
k}tTl 2 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
Fmo^ ?~b 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
`k.Nphx~% 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
DI,8y"!5 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
Z7:TPY$b 4 Diffraction 67
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[:xpz, 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
>?yxig:_ 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
`j1(GQt 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
+GDT@,/ 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
Oqy&V&-C 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
FXd><#U 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
P S [ifC 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
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C;BC@OE of Image Formation 81
WiBO8N,%` 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
B!iz=+RNC1 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
530Z>q 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
8<X,6 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
w]Byl3}Gt 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
sn=_-uoU 5.1 Introduction 99
2C@s-`b 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
hnD=DLW $ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
>|!s7.H/J/ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
)xPfz 5.2.3 Examples 105
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5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
b,MzHx=im 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
%V2A}78 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
O77bm,E 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
SZ )AO8& 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
(I7s[ 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
t;2\(_A 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
fAHf}j 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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