Optical Metrology Third Edition w6 0I;.hy tmEF7e`(o Kjell J. G˚asvik
L5$r<t< Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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.`qw8e}y#' OXc!^2 ^ Preface to the Third Edition xi
[yj-4v%u` 1Basics 1
VBV y3fnj 1.1 Introduction 1
.: gZ*ks~ 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
6$]@}O^V 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
nv>|,&; 1.4 Phase Difference 4
B>sSl1opI 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
2\Bt~;E Ix 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
1 _$y bftS 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
pIcvsd 1.8 The Intensity 8
!9w3/Gthj 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
'4 T}$a"i 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
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1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
1N8gH&oF 2 Gaussian Optics 15
NKyaR_q` 2.1 Introduction 15
}!-BZIOlO 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
anLSD/'4W 2.2.1 Examples 19
x?T.ItW:K 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
@hC ,J 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
*^ag wQ` 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
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?v^/F 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
fePt[U)2 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
`Hj{XIOx 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
6,Aj5jG 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
3O % u? 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
\X&LrneR"t 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
^\|Hz\"* 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
Y\#+ -E 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Tgxxm 3 Interference 37
2Cy">Exl 3.1 Introduction 37
r(qA e{ 3.2 General Description 37
VL6_in( 3.3 Coherence 38
qU!xh ) 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
+%Y`>1I^# 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
"^?|=sQ 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
A\Ax5 eeL 3.6 Interferometry 49
m3o+iYkMD 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
s^O>PEX&<I 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
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=> 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
f( =3'wQ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
(jQ]<q%P 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
-w7g} 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
Hzos$1DJ 4 Diffraction 67
';T=kS<^_ 4.1 Introduction 67
vpTY fE 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
DdAs]e|D[ 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
JjO="Cmk/ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
K8>-%ns 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
h5@v:4Jjo~ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
wXj!bh8\r 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
XLG6f(B= F 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
J})#43P 4.6 Physical Optics Description
<qGVOAnz+ of Image Formation 81
(WoKrd.! 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
Iv J ;9d 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
xw1@&QwM 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
[):&R1 U 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
|[%CFm}+? 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
4[q'1N6- 5.1 Introduction 99
8vP:yh@ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
,gdf7&r 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
( t^&L 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
f[S$ Gu4- 5.2.3 Examples 105
fDq`.ZW)s 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
4 VPJv>^ 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
j?eWh#[K" 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
CuS"Wj 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
hu=b , 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
h ~\bJ*Zp 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
L\O} q 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
-;VKtBXP</ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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