Optical Metrology Third Edition 6T`i/". h@ry y\9 Kjell J. G˚asvik
R4:b{ )=O Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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b d!Y\OD d /~9&wLSb Preface to the Third Edition xi
DSn_0D 1Basics 1
hp|YE'uYT 1.1 Introduction 1
L.JT[zOfb 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
b4N[)%@ 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
IW] rb/H 1.4 Phase Difference 4
3/ eca 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
fe_5LC" 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
ab?aQ*$+ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
d8P^lv*rQW 1.8 The Intensity 8
}Jj}%XxKs 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
s!$a \ k 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
%d9uTm ; 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
a9Zq{Ysj 2 Gaussian Optics 15
9_/:[N6|c| 2.1 Introduction 15
(TT}6 j 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
J5,9_uo] 2.2.1 Examples 19
Uw<nxD /+ 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
[ub e6 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
!R`{ TbN 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
l+0oS'`V*L 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
)zDCu` 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
/od@ !/ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
NC6&x=!3 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
U 8$27jq 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
O* P.]d 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
19%i mf 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
8'y$M] e9n 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
gL/9/b4 3 Interference 37
) ;Y ;Q 3.1 Introduction 37
('+d.F[109 3.2 General Description 37
>uEzw4w 3.3 Coherence 38
((%? `y 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
M x" \5i 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
;L ^o*` 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
~WF \ 3.6 Interferometry 49
W=+ Y|R! 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
b4Ekqas 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
BDQsP$'6QT 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
4 s9LB 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
nQ3A~ () 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
o}p n0KO, 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
C~exi[3 4 Diffraction 67
w7&A0M 4.1 Introduction 67
~6md !o%i 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
o.`5D% }i 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
T6$+hUM$1 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
&=m tc%mL 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
XW92gI<O 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
@BMx!r5kn 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
gbD KE{ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
;5( UzQU 4.6 Physical Optics Description
pEz_qy[# of Image Formation 81
,|/f`Pl 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
MomwX 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
\a3+rN dj 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
+&H4m=D-#a 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
j<e2d 7oN 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
1X1dG#: 5.1 Introduction 99
hOK8(U0 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
A^S gI-y| 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
*lJxH8 \ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
[()koU#w. 5.2.3 Examples 105
u9p$YJ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
;722\y(Y 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
1Ai^cf :S 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
j B{8u&kz) 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
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%\:Wi#w> 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
^xk'Z 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
|JsZJ9W+J 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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