Optical Metrology Third Edition iG*3S) M>df7.N7%P Kjell J. G˚asvik
rt5UT~ Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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jyPY]r F k as*79 Preface to the Third Edition xi
.IYE+XzV 1Basics 1
: 0Nd4hA 1.1 Introduction 1
Ue|] M36 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
5gWn{[[e)y 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
#;'1aT 1.4 Phase Difference 4
Do A4#+RU 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
fSdv%$;Hc 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
\HF h?3-g 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
i*j[j~2>C; 1.8 The Intensity 8
w/s{{X<bF 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
o >{+vwK 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
uQ#3;sFO 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
dX0A(6 2 Gaussian Optics 15
[#H$@g|CT 2.1 Introduction 15
:0pxacD"! 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
D, +I) -k< 2.2.1 Examples 19
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"V:B-q 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
@"T_W(i;BI 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
93:s[b mx 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
ZWW: -3 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
6/9 A' !4C 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
J ?$4Yf 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
zw ^jIg$ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
MId\ dFu 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
%(b`i C9 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
<' Q H e4 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
, %X~/V 3 Interference 37
xmZ]mu,,$ 3.1 Introduction 37
C^ RO@kM 3.2 General Description 37
o<loc Z 3.3 Coherence 38
+\9Y;N y 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
T$13"?sr= 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
R% XbO~{u 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
[Z0 &`qz 3.6 Interferometry 49
{U4BPKof 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
6R5) &L 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
# X7fs5$& 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
sj003jeko 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
%VsuG A 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
|/zE(ePc{ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
i Nf+ -C3 4 Diffraction 67
9}t2OJS*h" 4.1 Introduction 67
v#:#w.]-Y 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
`p9h$d 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
+](^gaDw<L 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
a9}cpfG=) 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
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' }O 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
X:+;d8rCy 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
cEO g 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
/ r Zj= 4.6 Physical Optics Description
5> 4<_-Tm of Image Formation 81
$+zev$f 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
erYpeq. 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
)Z0pU\ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
U$6N-q 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
ZeF PwW 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
gO4` e(W 5.1 Introduction 99
q( i| 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
"CBe$b4 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
{,|*99V 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
FkR 9-X< 5.2.3 Examples 105
|i7|QLUT 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
XKL kJZN 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
JadXd K=gE 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
rgdDkWLXC 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
2 Q,e1' = 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
T?:Vw laE 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
2ksX6M3kY 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
I0sd%'Ht? 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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