Optical Metrology Third Edition 8sDbvVh1F Nh I&wl Kjell J. G˚asvik
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Preface to the Third Edition xi
QF P 3S( 1Basics 1
5 /v,| 1.1 Introduction 1
-xJ_5 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
j|`6[93MG 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
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(Y% 1.4 Phase Difference 4
}!5x1F! 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
g> lJZD@ 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
4Y):d!'b 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
X{n7)kgL 1.8 The Intensity 8
jRswGMx 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
r'kUU] j9 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
E%eTjvvxus 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
tQS j[Yl 2 Gaussian Optics 15
.6,+q2tyk, 2.1 Introduction 15
IL:d`Kbqf 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
thoAEG 80 2.2.1 Examples 19
[-Zp[ 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
Di[}y; 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
+GgJFBl 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
)'<B\P/ 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
wq[\ Fb ` 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
)KZ1Z$< 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
` y &d 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
9Tgl/}q) 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
\2?p 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
M18H1e@Al 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
H-?wEMi)*u 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
D;f[7Cac 3 Interference 37
=h?Q.vad 3.1 Introduction 37
"4VC:" $ f 3.2 General Description 37
.k{omr&Dy5 3.3 Coherence 38
$jt UQ1 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
a,o>E4#c 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
0jS"PH?[ 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
v&6=(k{E@R 3.6 Interferometry 49
K !X>k 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
}E01B_T9z 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
'~dE0ohWb 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
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R&z) 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
0- )D`s% 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
rsbd DTy 4 Diffraction 67
T&?0 hSYt 4.1 Introduction 67
so* lV 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
F1 V[8I.0 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
U'pm 5Mc\q 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
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VZO f| o 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
oDyrf"dl 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
J 4$^Hr 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
3pxm0| 4.6 Physical Optics Description
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x1 "uH of Image Formation 81
OSQt:58K 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
_1z|QC 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
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G P"(+5 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
oB9t&yM 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
8\Y/?$on 5.1 Introduction 99
cz8%p;F: 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
=AFTB<7- ^ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
~Rzn =>a 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
}$ K2h* 5.2.3 Examples 105
UWdPB2x[ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
\bt+46y@] 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
,hj5.;M 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
zj!&12w%3 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
nwwKef( 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
j1!P:( 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
V?g@pnN" 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
H]. G%,2' 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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