Optical Metrology Third Edition 2/m4| S)$iHBx{ Kjell J. G˚asvik
NP^j5|A*" Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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Ri mz~}+ 5:sk&0:@U Preface to the Third Edition xi
jZ\a:K? 1Basics 1
M6o"|\ 1.1 Introduction 1
U+FI^Xrt# 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
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`RF 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
]n9gnE 1.4 Phase Difference 4
nqMXE82 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
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\7U'p:h=U 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
O4.`N?Xq 1.8 The Intensity 8
g`9`/ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
he\ pW5p 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
y8arFG 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
]]^eIjg>a6 2 Gaussian Optics 15
"F+m}GJ=a 2.1 Introduction 15
d,d ohi 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
eN{ewn#0. 2.2.1 Examples 19
sm?V%NX& 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
xg8$ <Ut 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
&b:SDl6 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
d$T856 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
la}Xo0nq0+ 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
;xxu , 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
dn}'B% 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
>#Ue`)d`aY 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
!}pvrBS 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
@D@_PA)e( 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
xjK@Q1MJ 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
gHmy?+) 3 Interference 37
KqhE=2, 3.1 Introduction 37
AREpZ2GiU 3.2 General Description 37
fx3oA} 3.3 Coherence 38
*)u%KYGr 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
1 ` ={** 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
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e` {F7rd: 3.6 Interferometry 49
@h)Z8so 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
3K{G =WE$ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
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3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
Yx"un4 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
w6&p4Jw/H? 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
9L7jYy=A# 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
%s*F~E 4 Diffraction 67
(F=q/lK$ 4.1 Introduction 67
1}ER+;If 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
q:ah%x[ 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
mGP&NOR0^y 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
U]}f]GK 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
sX[k}=HCK 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
Mp,aQ0bNS 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
y1Op Z 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
Bm4fdf#A] 4.6 Physical Optics Description
$*q^7ME of Image Formation 81
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:TkR]bhm 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
2C[xrZa^ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
X]+z:! 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
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tSX(LNY 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
d8ck].m= 5.1 Introduction 99
!Y^3% B% 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
%R m`+ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
uRCZGg&V?# 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
Cc&SHG*R 5.2.3 Examples 105
MN<uIqG 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
dh K<5E 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
/5N`Euw 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
s~>0<3{5 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
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5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
`BzjDI:a 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
\$W\[s4I 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
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5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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