Optical Metrology Third Edition :5fAPK2r< D y-S98Y Kjell J. G˚asvik
*G5c | Y Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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sOU_j:A80; &M />tE Z) Preface to the Third Edition xi
!j:`7PT\ 1Basics 1
As&v Ft P 1.1 Introduction 1
TX [%(ft 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
(C;I*cv 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
wzCUZ1N9q 1.4 Phase Difference 4
@>Mxwpl? 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
\]4v _! 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
. T JEUK 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
m Lk(y* 1.8 The Intensity 8
B B$oq' 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
.L6Zm U 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
bM,1 f/^ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
5ETip'<KT6 2 Gaussian Optics 15
WjSc/ 3Qy 2.1 Introduction 15
jE2}p-2Q0 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
>Z.\J2wM<j 2.2.1 Examples 19
*l&S-=] 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
hr05L<?H 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
kzn[
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Z;l`YK^- 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
*hLQ 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
"KX=ow#z| 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
c vd\/pG) 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
q@hzo>[ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
U?a6D:~G 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
`Z"Q^ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
:#~U<C@o 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
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0M:"^f 3 Interference 37
I
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C'yppl% 3.2 General Description 37
5q9 s,r_ 3.3 Coherence 38
7Z ;?b0W 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
WYB{% yf 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
zq+o+o>xo 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
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L|-98]8> 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
c 9qR'2 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
mm[2wfTE 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
za Tb~#c_ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
xL|;VyD 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
j>uj=B@ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
X$%4$ 4 Diffraction 67
9,j-V p!G 4.1 Introduction 67
<JMcIV837 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
qy)_wM 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
qyC=(v 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
D8&`R 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
g_5Q A)4x 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
H{J'#
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tCxF~L@ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
~/^5) g_ 4.6 Physical Optics Description
G,Z^g|6 of Image Formation 81
/~*_x=p: 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
jls-@Wl 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
X\EVTd)@ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
Y!iZW 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
STZPYeXE 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
Hbv6_ H 5.1 Introduction 99
'lHdOG 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
!EUan 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
z [`@}}Q 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
.ERO|$ fv 5.2.3 Examples 105
oh# \]c\f 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
bR@p<;G| 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
ctE\ q 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
()&~@ 1U 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
}ne Y<{z 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
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)8nxi 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
r.7$&BCng 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
.bBdQpF- 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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