Optical Metrology Third Edition -"^WDs Chi<)P$^ Kjell J. G˚asvik
8LM1oal} Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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O2;g kp>Z /kt Preface to the Third Edition xi
oX]1>#5UMg 1Basics 1
3*23+}^G 1.1 Introduction 1
DO,&Foh\ 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
s\1_-D5]Z 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
!5 :[X vI# 1.4 Phase Difference 4
ob5nk ^y 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
Ol 5xyj 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
5 nIlG 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
9PfU'm|h 1.8 The Intensity 8
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#]EMr 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
. t%Vx 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
Oqe.t;E 0} 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
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2 Gaussian Optics 15
"^e?E:( 3 2.1 Introduction 15
|Ie`L(" 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
h9smviU7u 2.2.1 Examples 19
2}C>{*}yQ 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
->9xw 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
1Moh` 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
*xVAm 7_v 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
x{o 5Ha{ 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
(eE}W~Z 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
cZT .vA# 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
/<(ik&%N 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
U jzz`!mz 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
yQ& %* ?J 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
ffd 3 QQ 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
FAl 6 3 Interference 37
VIdoT2 3.1 Introduction 37
17 iq 3.2 General Description 37
~*]`XL.- 3.3 Coherence 38
(> `SS#(T! 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
wz)9/bL 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
U+M?<4J) " 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
QNwAuH T 3.6 Interferometry 49
jz:c )C&/ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
t? J a q 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
oT{yttSNo 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
l#.,wOO { 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
GlD'?Mk1 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
M:f=JuAx 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
80>!qG 4 Diffraction 67
* %BI*p 4.1 Introduction 67
R*C+Yk)Tkt 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
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CoR?[,x 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
]}y'3aW 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
f+~!s 2uw 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
b u9&sQ; 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
,X6j$YLWp 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
dph6aN(49 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
_\;# a 4.6 Physical Optics Description
SnU{ZGR>sP of Image Formation 81
DQnWLC"u 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
;>Qd )' 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
UH|.@7w 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
(.+n1)L ? 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
E1g$WhXIS 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
M oHvXp;X 5.1 Introduction 99
.LHe*J C 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
2=+ ,jX{ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
X6 cb#s0| 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
gOAluP 5.2.3 Examples 105
R/|{?:r?:x 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
0+i,,^x. 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
1=.kH[R 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
]zY'w,?D\F 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
K 5[ 3WHQ 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
R tL'fd 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
*4y r7~S5 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
Jj:4@p: 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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