Optical Metrology Third Edition D%(9ot{!e zwR@^ 5^6 Kjell J. G˚asvik
>hoIJZP, Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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V]L$ `7G F x4C]S Preface to the Third Edition xi
|xZDc6HDW 1Basics 1
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C 1.1 Introduction 1
QtJe){(z+ 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
uYIw ?fXy 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
0(|R N V_ 1.4 Phase Difference 4
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pSZ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
1B' i7 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
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1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
rtvuAFiH 1.8 The Intensity 8
(6A>:_) 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
K6KEdX M4 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
vY *p][$ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
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2 Gaussian Optics 15
Bjml% 2.1 Introduction 15
l<PGUm:_ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
[@kzC/Jq3 2.2.1 Examples 19
iN*d84KTP 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
_Jk-n Zgn 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
($E(^p% O 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
w4'(Y,(` 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
'97)c7E 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
V:6#IL 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
>r{3t{ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
mvVVPf9 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
^c< <I-o| 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
\-GV8A2:k 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
.2Q`. o) 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
, Ot3N\%yn 3 Interference 37
DG8$zl5 3.1 Introduction 37
KZ ?<&x 3.2 General Description 37
K).X=2gjY 3.3 Coherence 38
P0RM df 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
9XT6Gf56 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
.}ohnnJB0 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
$MKx\qx} 3.6 Interferometry 49
TmKO/N@} 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
pTGq4v@6x 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
Br]VCp 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
3, ,Z 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
b$PNZC8f 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
$Y $!nPO 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
(oq(-Wv 4 Diffraction 67
7Yk6C5C 4.1 Introduction 67
/Ia=/Jj7N 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
%E1~I\ n:F 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
}-zx4<4BH 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
4ms hB 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
6 Y&OG >_\ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
l:+tl / 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
}xLwv= Ia 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
m\1*/6oV 4.6 Physical Optics Description
.a=M@; p of Image Formation 81
+R2 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
mWmD H74 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
hH"3 Y}U@ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
V }8J&(\ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
2Q9s?C 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
zXcSE" 5.1 Introduction 99
gl]{mUZz} 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
ocdXzk` 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
0>Mm |x*5 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
CXUNdB 5.2.3 Examples 105
ZR..>= 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
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Dm 'Q& 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
q#OLb"bTr 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
)x( *T 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
Bc t>EWQ 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
O~ qB 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
-MB ,]m 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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