Optical Metrology Third Edition JdHc'WtS!| D'h2 DP! Kjell J. G˚asvik
[1C#[Vla Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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;]Aa UjaC( c Preface to the Third Edition xi
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R&` 1Basics 1
>I?Mi{'a 1.1 Introduction 1
+joE 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
[q&J"dt 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
pqSE|3*l 1.4 Phase Difference 4
DBUwf1=qj 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
qt(:bEr^6b 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
\bOjb\ w$ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
AG7}$O. 1.8 The Intensity 8
?C:fP`j: 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
F4x7;?W{* 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
hYn'uL^~[ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
x]oQl^F 2 Gaussian Optics 15
E/ZJ\@gzD 2.1 Introduction 15
<k](s 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
3ms/v:\ 2.2.1 Examples 19
_6!/}Fm 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
{1aAm+ 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
yU"G|Ex 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
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2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
yk<jlVF$j 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
)6&\WNL-x 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
j9}0jC2Tb 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
u;Eu<jU1 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
*BsDHq-F~ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
DA$Q- 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
_}@n_E 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Db=>7@h3C 3 Interference 37
//lZmyP? 3.1 Introduction 37
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Xx 3.2 General Description 37
(QSWb>np 3.3 Coherence 38
Q!X_&ao)O 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
`E=rh3 L0o 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
&&1Y"dFs 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
3:joSQa 3.6 Interferometry 49
MQ(/l_=zQ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
4 Qel; 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
x7Rq|NQ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
Y-q@~vZ] 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
BhW]Oq& 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
x}<G!*3 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
&8+6!TN7 4 Diffraction 67
,{?bM 4.1 Introduction 67
l5';?>!s 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
3>9 dJx4I 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
a^c,=X3 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
n,jE#Z.D 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
Mc7 <[a 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
90iW-"l+[ 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
1LE^dS^V 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
b?] S&)"9 4.6 Physical Optics Description
xrVZxK:! of Image Formation 81
RO$@>vL 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
wYQ1Z 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
8U<.16+5Q 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
_jrA?pY 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
<]Pix) 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
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dl 5.1 Introduction 99
xUo)_P\_ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
).+xcv 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
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5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
9hR:y. 5.2.3 Examples 105
TXD^Do5^ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
pmW6~%}* 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
udEb/7ZL 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
}8V;s-1 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
ccN &h 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
;8L+_YCa 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
oa&US_ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
;;y@z[ > 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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