Optical Metrology Third Edition 2wx!Lpr<i_ r8uqcKfU Kjell J. G˚asvik
Ag0]U Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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x*.Ye5Jb dG&2,n'f Preface to the Third Edition xi
6*ZU}xT 1Basics 1
:GQUM 6 1.1 Introduction 1
fNkuX-om 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
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p/YoTq 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
6Wj@r!u 1.4 Phase Difference 4
n0_B(997* 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
d,W/M(S 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
`f@{Vcr%i 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
Dk6?Nwy" 1.8 The Intensity 8
SO`dnf 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
+p3 Z#KoC 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
kLJlS,nh\r 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
2G?$X? 2 Gaussian Optics 15
qgtn5]A 2.1 Introduction 15
5O&d3;p' 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
O@s{uZ|A6 2.2.1 Examples 19
=yo{[&Jz 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
Jy9bY 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
8x9Rm 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
AM'gnP> 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
0Q'v HZ" 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
IV0[!D 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
[B,'=,Hbs 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
NvQ%J+ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
%nWe,_PjD 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
QQFf5^ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
;UrK{>B 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
A[`G^$ 3 Interference 37
/PXioiGcs 3.1 Introduction 37
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3.2 General Description 37
JS!*2*Wr 3.3 Coherence 38
dx@QWTNE 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
]dG\j^e| 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
@DuK#W"E u 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
/ +1{ 3.6 Interferometry 49
v0#*X5C1' 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
R- 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
b:kXNDc 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
F\:(*1C 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
wzh]97b 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
rk|a5-i 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
(PRBS\*G 4 Diffraction 67
*V1J4 u 4.1 Introduction 67
%WGuy@tL 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
cSK&[>i)4 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
.VM3D0aV 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
\?Mf _ 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
uP@\#/4u 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
<&<,l58[c 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
33K*qaRAD 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
!%PWig- 4.6 Physical Optics Description
HjA_g0u of Image Formation 81
? 2#(jZ# 2 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
p $ouh 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
&(blN.2 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
jb[!E^'&> 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
Pc_VY>Ty 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
8)yI<`q6 5.1 Introduction 99
MCc$TttaVz 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
<>Y?vC 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
r$(~j^<s 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
ymN!-x8q>' 5.2.3 Examples 105
}uY!(4Rw 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
:G5RYi 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
v [njdP 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
q|.dez' 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
Uf\nFB? ^ 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
ihCIh6 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
x@>&IBiL 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
sOU_j:A80; 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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