Optical Metrology Third Edition \\#D!q* h%ys: :\zF Kjell J. G˚asvik
R^o535pozc Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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pka^7OWyN w|s2f`! Preface to the Third Edition xi
*YvtT (Gt 1Basics 1
phjM(lmCo 1.1 Introduction 1
A+* lV*@0 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
'kt6%d2 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
'WP~-}( 1.4 Phase Difference 4
N'WTIM3W 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
<m`CLVx8m 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
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W%>8 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
Kgr<OL}V J 1.8 The Intensity 8
?j.a >{ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
z@~H {glo 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
0j!3\=P$ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
sPvs}}Z]P 2 Gaussian Optics 15
~
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[#uhMn^ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
Q ^2dZXk ~ 2.2.1 Examples 19
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~j/ 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
~iH a^i?2* 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
+a.2\Qt2A 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
M^:JhX{ 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
lOVcXAe} 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
uE')<fVX( 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
QvZ"{ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
-\f7qRW^U 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
#wIWh^^ Zy 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
Eu(Qe ST\ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
7@<.~*Bl6 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
z ni9 3 Interference 37
vK)'3 % 3.1 Introduction 37
Y
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K{ DC{yLu 3.3 Coherence 38
gW~T{+ f 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
g8MW6Y 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
<WIIurp 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
t~o"x . 3.6 Interferometry 49
bfz7t!A)A 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
r=n{3o+ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
{OPEW`F 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
>(a35 b$ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
gvT}UNqL 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
h s',f 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
>M2~p& Si 4 Diffraction 67
!2!Zhw2u 4.1 Introduction 67
@)h>vg 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
DK?aFSf\ 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
{`SMxDevc} 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
sn:VM HrOT 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
y-+W 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
4O-LLH 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
eB#I-eD 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
0L/chP 4.6 Physical Optics Description
[+D]!& P of Image Formation 81
u1X^#K$nu' 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
P0}B&B/ a: 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
v1{j1~ZR 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
3&})gU&a 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
2ul8]= 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
j2,sI4 5.1 Introduction 99
2|bt"y-5r 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
0~U%c sPHt 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
"Y<;R+z 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
op`9 (=DJ] 5.2.3 Examples 105
a^l)vh{+ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
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*xxk70Cb 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
/lECgu*#69 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
`\VtTS 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
8D)1ZUx7` 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
< + * 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
Ct-e D-X{ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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