Optical Metrology Third Edition yJIscwF l.M0` Cn-% Kjell J. G˚asvik
3=oDQ&UFt Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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tQ#n$ {a@f La[V$+Y Preface to the Third Edition xi
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1Basics 1
'LDQ gC*% 1.1 Introduction 1
,I;> aE<# 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
h M! a_' 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
p6S8VA 1.4 Phase Difference 4
x]j W<A 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
-XG@'P_ 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
TWX.D`W 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
n + M <\ 1.8 The Intensity 8
8 L Cb+^ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
f
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@2i9n 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
< F'\lA9 2 Gaussian Optics 15
~wdGd+ez 2.1 Introduction 15
(/$^uWj 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
{oL>1h,%3? 2.2.1 Examples 19
\Vk:93OH21 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
Nz-&MS 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
h{qgEIk& 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
6 !bs M"F 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
2~[juWbz 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
t_1L L >R 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
VIbq:U 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
[V `r^ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
K (|}dl: 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
f6p/5]=J26 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
yf,z$CR 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
+ZX{>:vo 3 Interference 37
F"mmLao 3.1 Introduction 37
EdX$(scu~B 3.2 General Description 37
7xR\ kL., 3.3 Coherence 38
5mR 1@ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
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^ZCD ~P_= 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
GLODVcjf 3.6 Interferometry 49
E?@m?@*/ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
y1#1Ne_ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
2~2 O V 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
,#K'PB4 E 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
iURe( [@ 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
6S{l' !s' 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
+w~oH = 4 Diffraction 67
y
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HVAYPer H 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
nr#|b`J] 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
2KZneS` 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
nr3==21Om4 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
moE2G?R 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
!@"OB~ 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
Alq(QDs 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
A=>u
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uw8f ~:LT of Image Formation 81
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K$`$H 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
v` r:=K 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
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5-A\9UC*@ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
e #q}F>/ L 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
"wc<B4" 5.1 Introduction 99
I`#JwMU;m 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
o !7va " 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
e:W{OIz: 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
8b=_Y; 5.2.3 Examples 105
P'r b%W 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
Q59W#e ) 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
T8NxJmYqB 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
;n},"& 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
W{aY}` 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
#A .@i+Zv 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
?@8[e9lLD 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
` y0FY&y= 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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