Optical Metrology Third Edition :"/d|i`T U-M>=3|N Kjell J. G˚asvik
8bld3 p"^ Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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Ig>(m49d brUF6rQ Preface to the Third Edition xi
O :Tj"@h 1Basics 1
~Z' ?LV<t 1.1 Introduction 1
Tua Bm1S{f 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
NTs aW}g 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
$6poFo)U+ 1.4 Phase Difference 4
nAdf= D'P 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
b d!Y\OD 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
a Q@oH# 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
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x/(.O 1.8 The Intensity 8
\,0oX!<YY 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
5:_}zu|!u 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
b4N[)%@ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
IW] rb/H 2 Gaussian Optics 15
3/ eca 2.1 Introduction 15
fe_5LC" 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
ab?aQ*$+ 2.2.1 Examples 19
d8P^lv*rQW 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
}Jj}%XxKs 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
6 (-N FnT 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
%d9uTm ; 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
a9Zq{Ysj 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
9_/:[N6|c| 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
(TT}6 j 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
J5,9_uo] 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
c@L< Z` u 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
[ub e6 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
!R`{ TbN 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
l+0oS'`V*L 3 Interference 37
)zDCu` 3.1 Introduction 37
/od@ !/ 3.2 General Description 37
NC6&x=!3 3.3 Coherence 38
U 8$27jq 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
O* P.]d 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
19%i mf 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
Y(Hs #Kn{ 3.6 Interferometry 49
")p\q:z6 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
j8:\%| 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
F#5~M<`.o 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
IO <6 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
P?P#RhvA1 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
2&J)dtqz 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
`r 4fm`< 4 Diffraction 67
XfIJ 4ZM5 4.1 Introduction 67
]JQULE) 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
+^F Zq$NP 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
)J(6xy 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
4 s9LB 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
&m;*<}X 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
:e+jU5;]3 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
] 7c=PC 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
SOaoo^,O 4.6 Physical Optics Description
k$:|- _(w of Image Formation 81
p0eX{xm 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
FW DNpr 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
EU Fa5C: 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
XW92gI<O 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
@BMx!r5kn 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
gbD KE{ 5.1 Introduction 99
;5( UzQU 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
P16~Qj 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
`){.+S(5C 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
,|/f`Pl 5.2.3 Examples 105
Zx>=tx} 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
\a3+rN dj 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
+&H4m=D-#a 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
j<e2d 7oN 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
sV*H`N')S 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
NvX[zqNP_R 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
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G=bCNn< 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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