Optical Metrology Third Edition iZM+JqfU|D %k '!Iq+ Kjell J. G˚asvik
U c@Ao: Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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H;YP8MoQ @>W(1mRi Preface to the Third Edition xi
EUN81F? 1Basics 1
+\F'iAs@ 1.1 Introduction 1
cd$m25CxC 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
i 7x7xtq 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
wid;8%m 1.4 Phase Difference 4
2T V X)q<\ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
m]5Cq6 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
:}@g6 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
|MFF7z{% 1.8 The Intensity 8
M#As0~y 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
UN]f"k& 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
p2DrEId 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
<8d^^0 2 Gaussian Optics 15
SVO 3821 2.1 Introduction 15
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2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
vK _?<> 2.2.1 Examples 19
h-Fn ? 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
rL+!tH 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
4KH45|; 3 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
}M3fmAP} 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
M;p
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gG-BVl"59 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
Z; A`oKd 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
.p N`;*7` 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
n~A%q,DmF 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
?q; Fp 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
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2.10.3 The Microscope 34
iy 14mh\ ~ 3 Interference 37
MD|5 ol9 3.1 Introduction 37
(fCXxy Zrr 3.2 General Description 37
k;w- E 3.3 Coherence 38
uWM{JEOl 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
p' + 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
BPdfYu ,il 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
~ ; -! n; 3.6 Interferometry 49
YEj8S5"Su\ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
}RwSp!}C 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
V??dYB( 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
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3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
}MHCd)78b 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
rfN m&!K 4 Diffraction 67
IuNiEtKx 4.1 Introduction 67
UmQ?rS8d 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
)e a :Q? 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
{3.r6ZwCn 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
xv&Q+HD 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
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<X 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
0 0 M@ 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
2U; t(,dn' 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
!-, t'GF( 4.6 Physical Optics Description
R
+WP0&d' of Image Formation 81
wyQzM6:,yX 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
gMaN)ESqd4 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
p\JfFfC 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
T)Y=zIQ1]7 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
2EfF=Fm> 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
!kE-_dY6) 5.1 Introduction 99
/yZQ\ {= 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
JXu$ew>q 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
US%^#D q 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
-*m+(7G\ 5.2.3 Examples 105
.] sf0S! 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
"V$Bnz\n 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
%"af748!+D 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
82]v kU 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
R8T] 2?Q1 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
k3 1I ysh 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
A _XhuQB;d 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
T9u <p=p 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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