Optical Metrology Third Edition .pQ4# AJ X+T
+y>e a Kjell J. G˚asvik
|>P`Gl]E Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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= -dk@s htGk : Preface to the Third Edition xi
q@x{6zj 1Basics 1
^g2p !7 1.1 Introduction 1
T!N,1"r 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
|JW-P`tL0 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
s9Aq-N 1.4 Phase Difference 4
ISuye2tExq 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
QeVM9br)m 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
$=GZ"%ED 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
k%Q>lf<e 1.8 The Intensity 8
;F;`y), 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
~h{v^ } 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
w %[ `'_[ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
7.PG*q 2 Gaussian Optics 15
=?f\o*J) 2.1 Introduction 15
. q1OT> 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
,#42ebGHR 2.2.1 Examples 19
c91rc> 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
9+\3E4K 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
;Qc_Tf=, 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
Q1Sf7) 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
zl j%v/9 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
wV;qc3 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
Y|=/*?o} 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
5/v@VUzH 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
`\: 9 2+ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
hYW <4{Gjr 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
0 ej!!WP 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
{Ah\ -{] 3 Interference 37
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1:DiF 3.1 Introduction 37
E,nC}f 3.2 General Description 37
]kuMzTH 3.3 Coherence 38
F~dq7 AS 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
nJ `JF5tI 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
AoEG%nT 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
\*s'S*~ 3.6 Interferometry 49
<[2 ]p\rj 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
zM^ux!T= 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
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V Z[[zYe 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
D^Bd>E y4 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
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N6Fj} m&E 4 Diffraction 67
2!/_Xh 4.1 Introduction 67
(DCC4%w" 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
U<**Est 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
QUp()B1 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
WKFmU0RK 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
)A a98Eu?2 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
->x+ p" 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
`7P4O 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
@O<kjR<b 4.6 Physical Optics Description
s Y=fS2b#) of Image Formation 81
D T_HG | 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
sH(AsKiNKe 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
EnJAHgRV;e 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
SxYX`NQ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
h1Ca9Z_ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
'._8 5.1 Introduction 99
#e0tT+ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
+.Kmpw4 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
N0GID-W!/~ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
c xdhG " 5.2.3 Examples 105
ysfR@ sH7 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
)p>BN|L 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
Cd.p MoS 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
nJF"[w, ? 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
Z'PE^ , 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
6>)]7(B<d 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
}> k 9]Y 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
|lIkmW{ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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