Optical Metrology Third Edition Jq(;BJ90R #X%!7tU6 Kjell J. G˚asvik
N6u>V~i Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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(>ze{T| @~|;/OY>" Preface to the Third Edition xi
^,ISz-4 1Basics 1
>K4Nn(~ys 1.1 Introduction 1
`o }+2Cb 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
.*9u_2< 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
52Lp_M 1.4 Phase Difference 4
u*I'c2m 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
D]*|Zmr+} 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
bQq/~ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
$.d,>F6 1.8 The Intensity 8
]>Z9K@ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
!
M CV@5$ 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
iEr?s-or 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
=fnBE`Uc 2 Gaussian Optics 15
<dD!_S6@, 2.1 Introduction 15
<&) hg: 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
,K\7y2/ 2.2.1 Examples 19
R_+:nCB@, 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
>K,QP<B 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
j[A(@w" 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
7rRI-wZ 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
~MH^R1=] 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
Q
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k,=<G, 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
XLaD#J 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
~D|,$E tX4 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
Lhux~,EH 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
j|Vl\Z&o) 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
,'`yh|}G\ 3 Interference 37
u=v-,Tw 3.1 Introduction 37
fw,,cu`YA 3.2 General Description 37
cf"&22TQ+Z 3.3 Coherence 38
aAGV\o{^ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
yc3/5]E& 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
yUo8-O aL7 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
YU[#4f~ 3.6 Interferometry 49
|36%B7H 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
0%L:jq{5 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
GfK%UZ$C 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
X,3\c: 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
579D 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
9,_~qWw 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
>]ux3F3\ 4 Diffraction 67
=gJ{75tV3 4.1 Introduction 67
v .C 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
f9>pMfi:@ 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
%Y;^$%X%_ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
~?aFc) 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
F5cNF5 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
!<~.>5UQ 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
<^5$))r 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
BRY/[QRqZ 4.6 Physical Optics Description
><"|>(y of Image Formation 81
zo"L9&Hzo 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
juF=ZW%i 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
8g_kZ^<[ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
b?iPQ$NyQ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
jG{?>^ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
;DnUeE8 5.1 Introduction 99
#>:S&R?2t 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
[DeDU: 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
A+dx7anUz 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
m`8{arz2 5.2.3 Examples 105
EU:N9oT 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
z{1A x 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
)Z/w|5< 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
9{A4> 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
2Ul8<${c{ 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
,GVX1B? 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
6U8esPs, 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
m5N,[^- 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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