Optical Metrology Third Edition *&7Av7S 3/iGSG` Kjell J. G˚asvik
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4 Preface to the Third Edition xi
\%UA6uj 1Basics 1
" ~tEmMz 1.1 Introduction 1
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G4wtDa 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
*x$\5;A 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
E=7~\7TE 1.4 Phase Difference 4
"!2 Fy-Y 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
}2}hH0R 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
h/d&P 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
J*.qiUAgW 1.8 The Intensity 8
D+tn<\LF 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
-Y D6 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
;L|%H/SH 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
{ JMFCc[ 2 Gaussian Optics 15
ACs?m\$Q 2.1 Introduction 15
!RV}dhI 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
1 Nv_;p.{ 2.2.1 Examples 19
: -OHD#>% 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
|dXmg13( - 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
{/N4/gu 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
bX8Bn0#a+ 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
~)ls. NXI 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
%c):^;6p 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
U)2\ = %8 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
/_v@YB!0 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
@wb V@ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
(h%!Kun 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
sa{X.}i%E 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
~!\n 3 Interference 37
*G^ QS"% 3.1 Introduction 37
to2dkU 3.2 General Description 37
.M!HVq47m 3.3 Coherence 38
4Y[tx]< 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
J=ZNx;{6 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
j*xxO wf 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
vn7<>k> dx 3.6 Interferometry 49
Zj%l ( OVq 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
zmF_-Q`c 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
!>TH#sU$ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
!q mnMY$ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
"9aiin 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
'Tj9btM*cL 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
4 @ )|N' 4 Diffraction 67
/aP4'U8ov 4.1 Introduction 67
crG+BFi 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
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zQ& `|kS 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
a~jM^b;VN 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
@#xh)"} 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
w|7<y8#qC 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
rfk u]A$ 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
[kaj8 4.6 Physical Optics Description
9v=5x[f E of Image Formation 81
8wMu^3r 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
h.(CAm%Y7 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
2Ck'A0d 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
e4ym6q<6! 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
%#7Yr(& 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
eX;C.[&7;8 5.1 Introduction 99
fL>>hBCqC 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
H:TRJ.!w2 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
NBU[> P 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
v2][gn+58 5.2.3 Examples 105
~ ( I'm[ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
&;I=*B~kE$ 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
;Sl]8IZ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
Ev+m+ 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
(pJ-_w' G 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
u czOS d 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
c0h:Vqk- 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
[<C Ih46S. 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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