Optical Metrology Third Edition .MO\uh0N "KcA Kjell J. G˚asvik
+)JpUqHa Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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r0p w_j d%l{V6 Preface to the Third Edition xi
%%(R@kh9 1Basics 1
hW{j\@R 1.1 Introduction 1
A pjOj/ 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
R6=$u{D 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
I2H6y"p N 1.4 Phase Difference 4
+S=Rn, 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
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;Nk 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
aH#l9kCb 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
d[;.r 1.8 The Intensity 8
"]-Xmdk09 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
~@kU3ZGJZ 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
~xoF6 CF 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
wfjn A~1 h 2 Gaussian Optics 15
N:9>dpP}O 2.1 Introduction 15
#0Tq=:AE> 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
/x1MPP>fu 2.2.1 Examples 19
z,|{fKtY} 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
Q3" } Hl2 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
u!:z.RH8n 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
tlA"B{ 7 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
kHqzt g 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
5[Pr|AY 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
O-4C+?V 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
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2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
*cO sv 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
TXZv2P9 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
Yf[Qtmh]I 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
N;+[`l 3 Interference 37
pBw0"ff 3.1 Introduction 37
(L`j0kPN 3.2 General Description 37
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l/V 3.3 Coherence 38
?h1H.s2X 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
7-BvFEM; 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
j;Z?WXWD h 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
: g.46dp4 3.6 Interferometry 49
IVW1]y 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
~0b O} 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
5MSB dO 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
} E_#k]#* 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
\);4F=h}f 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
x=#VX\5k: 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
i9=& ;_z 4 Diffraction 67
72veLB 4.1 Introduction 67
P<K){V 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
ti &J 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
CX m+)a-L 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
CpQN,-4 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
z ;u 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
C4NTh}6t T 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
!|<=ZF2 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
R-:fd!3oQ 4.6 Physical Optics Description
>*wtbkU of Image Formation 81
:EHJ\+kejX 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
\qUK P"dr 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
=rR~ ` 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
8 B**8yg. 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
, y%3mR_~ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
#);[mW{F 5.1 Introduction 99
Dk5Zh+ ^ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
1 n%?l[o 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
wR{'y)$ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
-)~SM& 5.2.3 Examples 105
X<R?uI?L 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
jg&E94}+ 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
!a~`Bs$'jr 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
&x > B 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
hkO sm6 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
:eZh'-c? 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
BI j=!! 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
yAN=2fZm 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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