Optical Metrology Third Edition ,d`6
{ll ;]\>jC Kjell J. G˚asvik
gUWW}*\ U Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
"OWW -m 
\S]` { kY, +Z=%4 Preface to the Third Edition xi
H zc5BC 1Basics 1
R8bKE(*rxj 1.1 Introduction 1
dng^#|X)? 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
aGb HDo 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
^{ {0ajI9C 1.4 Phase Difference 4
f~t5[D(\Q, 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
dKJ- {LV 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
Y5 z5LG4 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
20Z=_}, 1.8 The Intensity 8
XmAu n 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
,,=VF(@G 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
B]#^&89wG) 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
E]dc4US 2 Gaussian Optics 15
1uco{JX<S 2.1 Introduction 15
U
uEm{ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
\]|(w*C 2.2.1 Examples 19
/1 h ${mo~ 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
& N.]8x5A 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
h$l`)AH^ 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
z2~\
b3G 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
9}A\Bh tiM 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
K,5_{pj 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
8D G P A 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
(i;,D- 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
X 4CiVV 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
\OE,(9T2P. 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
3<O=,F 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
L ARMZoyi 3 Interference 37
a[=; 6! 3.1 Introduction 37
A_g\Fa[jG 3.2 General Description 37
^H`4BWc 3.3 Coherence 38
^;'FC vd 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
9_x rw: 4 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
e(H{C 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
p}p}!M| 3.6 Interferometry 49
3FG'A[x3O 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
C;0VR 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
yA~1$sA1 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
U etI 4` 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
_[h!r;DsG 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
j~Mx^ivwj 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
VQ;'SY:` 4 Diffraction 67
WI1DL&*B@< 4.1 Introduction 67
[L=M=;{4 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
nQ@<[KNd 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
Yy0U2N [i 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
U;#G $ 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
"2 ZuI; w 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
R>hL.+l. 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
#xh
M&X 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
!@>q^_Gez 4.6 Physical Optics Description
PQ 2rNY6 of Image Formation 81
Ui'*$W]v 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
C:.> *;?7 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
MIY`"h0* 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
U>0bgL 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
\Nj#1G 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
qOflvf 5.1 Introduction 99
4+:'$Nw 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
%-<6Z9otc 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
V ;"Rp-`^ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
{ g 4`>^; 5.2.3 Examples 105
pP%9MSCi 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
]F 3fO5Z 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
B \tm 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
`SQobH 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
Fg0!2MKq* 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
N!./u(b 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
QB d4ok: R 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
y1B' _s 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
r<B
pX[" .
jS)YYk5 .
]IH1_?HgP7 .
