Optical Metrology Third Edition H^B/
'#mO Tr(w~et Kjell J. G˚asvik
*'QD!Tc Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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jQj`GnN| ]GJIrtS4 Preface to the Third Edition xi
0{@E=}}h 1Basics 1
My5h;N@C 1.1 Introduction 1
(Y)$+9 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
oZmni9*SD 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
|bO}|X 1.4 Phase Difference 4
ZxwI< T:& 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
}Rt?p8p 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
=eDVgOZ) 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
:jT1=PfL 1.8 The Intensity 8
Hb#8?{ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
wg<DV!GZ 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
]Yp;8#:1 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
V'mQ{[{R 2 Gaussian Optics 15
t1 OnA#]/_ 2.1 Introduction 15
#:v|/2 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
E-MEMran4 2.2.1 Examples 19
=BMON{K 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
ss-{l+Z5 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
qYl%v 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
2x"&8Bg3 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
ido'<;4> 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
W+cmn )8 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
}~:`9PV)Z% 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
MIsjTKE 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
^}a..@|%W 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
(ye1t96 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
fx_7X15 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
kbN2dL 3 Interference 37
Ww{bh-nyq 3.1 Introduction 37
:tl*>d~ 3.2 General Description 37
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?%;s5< 3.3 Coherence 38
2>Xgo% 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
,_!pUal 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
h
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,gVA^]eDh 3.6 Interferometry 49
,ZHIXylZ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
r,cV( 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
@a'Rn 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
`1=n H/E 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
_s[ohMlh 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
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@>}!g9c 4 Diffraction 67
Rp^kD ,* 4.1 Introduction 67
8doKB<#_+= 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
Sp]"Xr) 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
TTZb. 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
>=G;rs 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
xA& tVQ2! 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
1Mn=m w 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
jdiH9]&U 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
b}HLuX 4.6 Physical Optics Description
SP?~i@H of Image Formation 81
vO`~rUA 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
3yX^93 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
n0bm 'qw 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
r7+"i9 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
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1sy 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
5 Tag-+ 5.1 Introduction 99
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5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
~2PD%+e7] 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
y-6k<RN 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
O{R)0& 5.2.3 Examples 105
{$-lXw4 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
w<#/ngI2 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
:[xFp}w{ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
$REz{xgA= 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
MKPxF@N( 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
lHerEv<ja 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
\5M1; 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
i=T!4'Zu 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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