Optical Metrology Third Edition t!0 IQ9\[* DK#Tr: 7 Kjell J. G˚asvik
vH 6.;j'^ Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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Q>uJ: [x+ ge% tj O Preface to the Third Edition xi
3&B- w 1Basics 1
cq8JpS B( 1.1 Introduction 1
s_U--y.2r( 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
K%;=i2: 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
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QP!I 1.4 Phase Difference 4
[\=1|t5n~ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
\Lm`j U(:l 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
8/-hODoT_ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
YH&0Vy#c$ 1.8 The Intensity 8
qrc ir-+ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
D`) K3 ;h 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
y.::d9v 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
5zH_yZ@+ 2 Gaussian Optics 15
#m3!U(Og` 2.1 Introduction 15
Bu4@FIK!C 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
;V84Dy#b 2.2.1 Examples 19
9M@,BXOt 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
"nU] 2 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
H 1$n6J 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
:71St ' 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
;t4YI7E* 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
Dc0CQGx9b 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
c+:^0&l 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
Y$W)JWMY` 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
Zl?9ibm;@ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
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E opb##o 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
2 e&M/{ 3 Interference 37
` {F z 3.1 Introduction 37
rg I Z 3.2 General Description 37
+_ny{i`' 3.3 Coherence 38
p,7?rI\ N 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
x}#N?d 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
STz@^A 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
2fP;>0? 3.6 Interferometry 49
vZXdc+2l 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
d1 lxz?r 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
@%r "7%tq> 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
bl#6B.* = 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
)QI#szv6 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
mBQpf/PG 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
]^<\ a=U 4 Diffraction 67
>".@; 4.1 Introduction 67
L) ,bP fz 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
M0%nGpVj> 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
& 5QvUn 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
KIY9?B=+ 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
q pq (< 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
nY,L Q0r 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
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vILgM\or 4.6 Physical Optics Description
'a"Uw"/ p[ of Image Formation 81
\xmDkWzE 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
p:3w8#)MZ 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
CW +gZ! 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
c,#Nd@ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
*pyC<4W 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
o Va [ 5.1 Introduction 99
IH.EvierJ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
*?+2%zP 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
( * \y 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
@ @=,bO 5.2.3 Examples 105
N]&hw&R{Q 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
:N' 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
(R(NEN 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
)M@^Z(W/a 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
^1Bk*?Yx\x 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
gBZNO! a,d 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
1yTw*vH F 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
{*nE8+..A 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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