Optical Metrology Third Edition 9n9/[?S c WK@ O > Kjell J. G˚asvik
<2|x]b 8 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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f\ /} ;a ilFM+x @ Preface to the Third Edition xi
{"4t`dM 1Basics 1
?V*>4A 1.1 Introduction 1
`Gsh<.w!7 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
TpMfk7- 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
Z <ke!H 1.4 Phase Difference 4
I0)iC[s8; 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
yu}4L'e 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
y0A2{'w 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
+R#*eo;o7 1.8 The Intensity 8
b/ZX}<s(1= 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
P+"#xH 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
r!Mr\ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
4 Ag+ 2 Gaussian Optics 15
rr9HC]63 2.1 Introduction 15
Q5 ohaxjF 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
E7*1QR{Q 2.2.1 Examples 19
eaF5S'k 4$ 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
Wy4v~]xd% 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
HJ_xg6.x 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
73N %_8DH 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
?]5wX2G^|J 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
^Ko0zz|R/ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
<NS= <'U 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
=PO/Q|-v? 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
\6C"bQ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
*%8,G'"r? 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
(v(_ XlMK 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
XUMCz7& j 3 Interference 37
D8Ni=.ALL 3.1 Introduction 37
*OsXjL`f 3.2 General Description 37
qZ8lU 3.3 Coherence 38
|wK)(s 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
qn4Dm ^ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
<_42h|- 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
Az0Yt31 = 3.6 Interferometry 49
r2U2pAy# 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
-AcQ_dS 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
)[qY |yu 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
t'[vN~I' 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
/B}]{bcp$ 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
C'zMOR6c 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
p8F|]6Z 4 Diffraction 67
H<1C5- 4.1 Introduction 67
tK8\Ib J 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
+Pa!pj/< z 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
YZ*Si3L 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
1 u&P,&T 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
&;%+Hduc 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
cl)MI,/> 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
g:f0K2)\r: 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
gvsS:4N"Nq 4.6 Physical Optics Description
oD"fRBS+$ of Image Formation 81
Uhg[#TUK 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
IP{Cj= 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
dIM:U :c 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
#2cH.`ty 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
^P{'l ^CVX 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
o8Bo %OjE 5.1 Introduction 99
$F/&/Aa 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
EDnmYaa)dZ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
;g W~+hW ^ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
;7 IVg[f 5.2.3 Examples 105
6] <?+#uQ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
/Ee0S8!Z!1 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
Odbjl[>k 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
U *6-Y %7 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
1noFXzeU3 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
4)XN1r: 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
jh g!K.A 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
=8 tdu B 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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