Optical Metrology Third Edition 2 de[ yz ]WLQ q4q Kjell J. G˚asvik
L0ZgxG3:g Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
~~J xw ] 
G 55-{y9Q |a!AgvNF Preface to the Third Edition xi
_"BYnPq@wb 1Basics 1
kaSi sjd 1.1 Introduction 1
+RIG8w] 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
c;\} R# 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
M9mC\Iz[ 1.4 Phase Difference 4
3@ u<Sa 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
{P' TtlEp 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
;^QG>OP$ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
XL@Y! 1.8 The Intensity 8
|Ld/{&Q r 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
"6.J pUf 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
_Ju@<V$ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
Q _p!;3 2 Gaussian Optics 15
DK2m(9/`3 2.1 Introduction 15
Z< 7FF}i 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
^Y mq<*X 2.2.1 Examples 19
"T>74bj_|Q 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
^T}6o Ud 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
AiUICf?{ 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
r >%r eS 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
wSrq?U5q 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
"S$4pj`< 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
c ;M7 [y& 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
<@;Y.76~ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
b"`Vn, 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
QBi&Q%p iy 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
kbij Zj{ 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
j\V9o 9D 3 Interference 37
[3Qu @;"& 3.1 Introduction 37
AEjkqG4qv 3.2 General Description 37
NzRpI5\. 3.3 Coherence 38
M ,0@@: 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
VUfV=&D-*g 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
Qg
dHIMY 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
l=jfgsjc 3.6 Interferometry 49
%m\dNUz4g 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
\Qp #utC0s 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
l.tNq$3pS 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
n0o' ns 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
SG6@Rn* ^ 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
H^Th]-Zl 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
C %l!"s^ 4 Diffraction 67
]? <j]u0J 4.1 Introduction 67
ym,UJs& 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
yFfa/d 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
z"`q-R }m 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
W/dl`UDY 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
4H 4U 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
I+ZK \?Rs 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
~WS;)Q0| 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
3q*y~5 &I 4.6 Physical Optics Description
a<CN2e_Z of Image Formation 81
#q2 cVN1 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
j~+<~2%c 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
,3^gB,ka 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
O LAw Rha 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
'n> ,+,& 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
u(ep$>[F#_ 5.1 Introduction 99
/|{Yot
e 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
y( M- 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
xFZA1 8 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
>YPC &@9
5.2.3 Examples 105
TV$Pl[m 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
?b?` (JTR 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
QN =a { 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
I>k >^ 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
|1d;0*HIgX 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
oi P8~ 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
S4RvWTtQV 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
0i }4T:J@` 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
w_3 0g6tA .
/]=d Pb% .
g?V>+oMx .
