Optical Metrology Third Edition 1UHlA8w7 Q }8lvi
vR4 Kjell J. G˚asvik
5Yxs_t4 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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}^b7x;O| `qXCY^BH2 Preface to the Third Edition xi
7A,QA5G ]C 1Basics 1
A,H |c=" 1.1 Introduction 1
?v5OUmFM 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
n PAl8 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
Gl!fT1zh0 1.4 Phase Difference 4
,V`zW<8 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
QXaE2}}P 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
II,snRD 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
'!V5 #J 1.8 The Intensity 8
@gc|Z]CV 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
2bnF#-( 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
$T#yxx 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
- WEEn wZ 2 Gaussian Optics 15
#&$a7L} 2.1 Introduction 15
< u=k X 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
j]6c_r3 2.2.1 Examples 19
2SABu796j 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
=c P7 "\ 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
0m& 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
f+c< |"we 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
!dcG Bj 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
X:/Y^Xu 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
d v7IHUFf 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
QIb4ghm, 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
Yw!(]8PYdU 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
RJ63"F $ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
[V2` t' 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
USDqh437 3 Interference 37
)@hG #KMK 3.1 Introduction 37
QBD\2VR 3.2 General Description 37
}#bX{?f 3.3 Coherence 38
\9Yc2$dY 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
$q p,7RW 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
2 D vKW%; 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
Shag4-*@hi 3.6 Interferometry 49
I_aS C 4 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
<\6< -x(H5 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
tqMOh R 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
"TQ3{=j{ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
_Pe,84 Ro 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
bdBFDg 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
p$+.] 4 Diffraction 67
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4.1 Introduction 67
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+b. 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
Xl p $ xp" 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
YT@D *\ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
[W*xPXr* 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
jWE?$r" 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
.$s>b#m O 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
wU $j/~L 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
i| /EA7 4.6 Physical Optics Description
s.{nxk. of Image Formation 81
H%&e[PU 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
F?jFFw im 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
m .':5 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
caC-JcDXy 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
EZw<)Q 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
pf%B 5.1 Introduction 99
a*T=;P3(I 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
(imaL,M-D 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
\[CPI`yQe 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
]A]EED.ZH 5.2.3 Examples 105
um}%<Cy[ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
i p"LoCE 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
ka UEv\T 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
?V9Da;cj 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
65g"$:0 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
.kT}E 5 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
))xyaYIZkk 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
- &UP[Mq 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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