Optical Metrology Third Edition S;C3R5*: k dqH36&< Kjell J. G˚asvik
Lv"83$^S9 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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* HVO fHiCuF Preface to the Third Edition xi
UTz;Sw?~hw 1Basics 1
VQCPgs 1.1 Introduction 1
;%)i/MGEB 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
l40$}! !< 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
6 m]L{ buP 1.4 Phase Difference 4
z)0F k 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
2+' &||h 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
Qj~0vx! 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
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"*O j 1.8 The Intensity 8
_i&\G}mrC 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
]PFc8qv{ 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
Ldu!uihx 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
>/>a++19 2 Gaussian Optics 15
S'WmPv 2.1 Introduction 15
;pNfdII( 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
psMagzr&)e 2.2.1 Examples 19
_R ]1J0 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
BBX4^;t 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
1yo@CaW[\ 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
`>V.}K^4 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
Av'H(qB\K 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
yP@= x!$ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
_tjH=Ff$ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
/xmd]XM=_ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
o)$sZ{` =" 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
3|A"CU/z@ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
UY== 1\ 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
pyN PdEy 3 Interference 37
i55']7+0 3.1 Introduction 37
1F=x~FMvY 3.2 General Description 37
9SrV,~zD 3.3 Coherence 38
Z d%*,\ `S 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
v4& *iT 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
rnW i<Se 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
ZK; HW 3.6 Interferometry 49
OTRTa{TB 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
+"C0de |- 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
!:>y.^O 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
SZgH0W("L 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
{30A1>0#P 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
Oz+>I ^Q 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
cgU7)`0j 4 Diffraction 67
\dP2xou= 4.1 Introduction 67
\Wo,^qR 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
LOQEU? z 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
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.* 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
S]<Hx_[} 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
:+u?A 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
$idYG<], 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
k: c)|2 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
\}cEHLq 4.6 Physical Optics Description
6@bO 3K| of Image Formation 81
lc*<UZ R 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
kQYX[e7n 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
|n~- LH++ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
7^ER?@:W 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
@k6>&PS 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
IAg#YFI 5.1 Introduction 99
* c xYB 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
`,xKK+~YG- 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
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%+n% 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
nq r[HFWs 5.2.3 Examples 105
1{_ ;`V 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
mI}1si=$ 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
}O8$?7j( 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
q&7J1 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
O9jqeF`L= 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
RH~KaV3 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
S)p1[&" M 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
A=Dzd/CUO 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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