Optical Metrology Third Edition (E \lLlN Ki%RSW(_` Kjell J. G˚asvik
I0Of K3!^ Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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<2fvEW/#v 8LlWXeD9 Preface to the Third Edition xi
O y y E0 1Basics 1
S[RVk=A1 1.1 Introduction 1
n)rSg zI 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
\`YV)"y" ~ 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
z5t"o ! 1.4 Phase Difference 4
3 Oe\l[?$; 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
" = * 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
k#<Y2FJa 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
:SVWi}:Co1 1.8 The Intensity 8
UvVq# < - 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
0zXF{5U p 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
Z|zT%8.8N 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
0[fqF^HEN 2 Gaussian Optics 15
u]Dds;~"b 2.1 Introduction 15
|3 v+&eVi 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
yo# fJ` 2.2.1 Examples 19
!{ /AJb 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
'h; x>r 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
pv,I_" 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
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r~T3Ieb 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
0/zgjT|fe 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
R TeG\U 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
Y !AQ7F 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
axdRV1+s 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
KgEfh O$W 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
r<-@.$lf 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
6q~*\KRk 3 Interference 37
f=nVK4DuZ 3.1 Introduction 37
be~'}`> 3.2 General Description 37
yx/.4DW1Ua 3.3 Coherence 38
w&LL-~KI+ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
M}`G}* 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
_u8d`7$*% 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
S{c;n*x f 3.6 Interferometry 49
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3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
W> rx:O+ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
Vc| uQ8Mi 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
`r. 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
kB ;!EuL 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
l*n4d[0J 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
firiYL"=44 4 Diffraction 67
`i3fC&?C 4.1 Introduction 67
7|q _JdKoU 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
u
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w}``2djR'W 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
'@eH)wh@m) 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
!gFUC<4bu 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
KZ/ 2# ` 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
?\![W5uuXG 4.6 Physical Optics Description
]LZ , >v of Image Formation 81
XLsOn(U\& 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
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ob"yz } 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
%R LGO& 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
-O?&+xIK& 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
dE|luN~ 5.1 Introduction 99
{A MoE +U 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
]eIV'lP,j/ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
y`.m'n7>P 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
$+@xwuY'+ 5.2.3 Examples 105
dX5|A_Ex 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
.3,6O o 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
TGu]6NzyZ 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
s+XDtO 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
1PjqXgN5p 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
gVI2{\a 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
f/RDo4 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
*'nZ|r v 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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