Optical Metrology Third Edition XV]N}~h o` J4T"O<i$58 Kjell J. G˚asvik
;g0Q_F@;p Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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)p\`H;7*V4 Ei!Z]jeK Preface to the Third Edition xi
|Ea%nghl 1Basics 1
U@OdQAX 1.1 Introduction 1
"iSY;y o 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
Nny*C`uDF 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
tbS hSbj 1.4 Phase Difference 4
?b]zsku8 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
J&A1]T4d 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
{`!6w>w0 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
KU|W85ye 1.8 The Intensity 8
@z1QoZ^w 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
ZNBowZI 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
>(RkoExO/ 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
pP| @Z{7d` 2 Gaussian Optics 15
R-Edht|{ 2.1 Introduction 15
.LDZqWr- 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
}4C_r'd6 2.2.1 Examples 19
5iA>Z!sP[ 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
w;O-A TUzN 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
6Z_V,LD9L 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
;M~,S^U 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
`+,?%W) 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
<x}wy+SG 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
; J W ]b] 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
]o] VS 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
JvAXLT 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
' [$KG 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
M/o?D <' 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
kLgkUck8] 3 Interference 37
#*iUZo 3.1 Introduction 37
r&LZH.$oh 3.2 General Description 37
lh;fqn` 3.3 Coherence 38
;%n' k 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
qyRN0ZB"A^ 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
al [^pPKZ 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
{ )qr3-EM# 3.6 Interferometry 49
O w;thNN 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
'yiv.<4 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
@aS)=|Ls\ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
W8& )UtWQ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
.YF1H<gwa 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
?Bu*%+ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
);!ND % 4 Diffraction 67
7NvKp inQ 4.1 Introduction 67
H'WYnhU& 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
zH1 ; h 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
~R|9|k 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
beO Mln+ R 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
Kd oI 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
B#g~c<4< 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
og";mC 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
6_`Bo% 4.6 Physical Optics Description
'Ix@<$~i3F of Image Formation 81
mqZK1<r 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
&{j!!L L 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
%IO*(5f 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
v< P0f"GH 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
`KZV@t 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
aU6l> G`w 5.1 Introduction 99
gAq K/9; 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
O:0{vu9AQ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
Ek<Qz5) 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
O i\ s 5.2.3 Examples 105
*O[/KR% 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
c0o]O[ 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
^SpQtW118 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
rO#w(] 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
{Z c8 ,jm 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
y]Nk^ga:U6 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
JMB#KzvN[ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
y`o j \ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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