Optical Metrology Third Edition Dz }i-tw+ JxVGzb`8 Kjell J. G˚asvik
MPB[~#: Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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#T7v ]@K67 R$&; Preface to the Third Edition xi
U)(R4Y6 v 1Basics 1
>_}isCd, 1.1 Introduction 1
U^PXpNQ' 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
07 LyB\l~ 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
_o~ pVBl/ 1.4 Phase Difference 4
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4! 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
@\by`3*Q 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
7By7F:[ b 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
r^
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+ <bj}" 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
)qxt< 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
#49l\>1 z 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
Q>1BOH1by 2 Gaussian Optics 15
XM]m%I 2.1 Introduction 15
K,S4 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
8Ths"zwn 2.2.1 Examples 19
KsULQJ#, 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
XFhH+4#] 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
YmljHQP 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
+5y^c |L0 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
o0r&w;! 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
A]bb*a1 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
#0AyC.\ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
hW*o;o7u 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
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2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
U%vTmdOY 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
}3z3GU8Q- 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
e r3M vw 3 Interference 37
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3.1 Introduction 37
A'EI1_3{ 3.2 General Description 37
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dgVG P_~ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
~ 5}t; 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
D,IT>^[^7 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
kff N0(MR 3.6 Interferometry 49
TuwP'g[ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
(;fJXgj. 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
Pt"K+]Ym 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
k+_>`Gre} 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
vP{i+s18B 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
6mcb'hy 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
u7e$Mq 4 Diffraction 67
c]pz& 4.1 Introduction 67
9B~&d (Bm 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
2 $JZ(qnN 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
S. MRL, 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
{\>4)TA 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
G 2`YZ\ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
h3F559bw/< 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
~gX1n9 _n 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
g1t6XVS$9 4.6 Physical Optics Description
L@Rgiq|v-| of Image Formation 81
Ti2cD 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
I[E 6 N2 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
)?{<Tt@ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
`n>/MY 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
W B:0}b0Gu 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
QGNKQ`~ 5.1 Introduction 99
2P:X_:`~[ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
0Y oKSo 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
4Uny.C] 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
/Am9w$_T[ 5.2.3 Examples 105
T#*,ME7|m 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
S$b)X"h 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
:^(y~q? 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
1(;{w +nM 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
u-~ec{oBu 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
FH}?QebSR 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
K qJE?caw 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
(H:c8 0/V 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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