Optical Metrology Third Edition rploQF~OFF e-lc2$o7{ Kjell J. G˚asvik
/~+Fzz Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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n Preface to the Third Edition xi
N1 vA>(2A 1Basics 1
B LZ<"npn 1.1 Introduction 1
"#f5jH 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
8S[bt@v 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
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=*=P8&5 1.4 Phase Difference 4
, BZ(-M 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
c+whpQ=01 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
{!.w} 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
KXWz (L!1 1.8 The Intensity 8
TKEcbGhy 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
n2[h`zm1{B 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
sULsU t# 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
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! tH3 2 Gaussian Optics 15
<l+hcYam 2.1 Introduction 15
eO Z ~p 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
tWTC'Gx-J 2.2.1 Examples 19
jOK !k 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
;2sP3!* 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
l$W)Vk<B(T 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
87+u` ~ 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
(4rHy*6 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
7+6I~&x!Lz 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
5.kKg=a 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
YnCuF0> 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
"tA.`* 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
'I2[} >mj2 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
v Et+^3= 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
z38Pi 3 Interference 37
Ch~y;C&e+r 3.1 Introduction 37
2mO9 3.2 General Description 37
Fa #5a'}I 3.3 Coherence 38
'Q.5` o 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
byZj7q5&Q 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
,E+\SBQS_ 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
q)YHhH\ 3.6 Interferometry 49
izu_KBzy 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
!D/W6Ic@ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
`+ UBl\j 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
}me`(zp 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
f67pvyy - 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
/c7jL4oD 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
v sYbR3O 4 Diffraction 67
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0]GenT" 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
[Qqss8 a 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
@%^h|g8>Fu 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
R+Ug;r -[ 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
GAh\ 6ul 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
E np;-wG:- 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
%F:; A 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
oS_YQOoD 4.6 Physical Optics Description
= >GGeEL of Image Formation 81
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~ D/1U)kt 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
U1|{7.R 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
aQj 6XG u 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
\GGyz {i 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
xp]9Z]J1l 5.1 Introduction 99
~O3VX75f 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
J Pg^h 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
TEC#owz 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
Rgz zbW 5.2.3 Examples 105
&uf|Le4 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
h6 ;zAM} 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
sAF= "u B 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
D\Dw BZ> 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
U. N& ~S 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
V7
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Lu4>C 2{ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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