Optical Metrology Third Edition R W= <EF& RL|13CG OP Kjell J. G˚asvik
dDuT,zP Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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uS9:cdH U($sH 9, Preface to the Third Edition xi
+3HukoR( 1Basics 1
R&w2y$ 1.1 Introduction 1
jpL' y1@Ut 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
x=+R0ny 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
" 2>I? 1.4 Phase Difference 4
A)5-w `1 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
@S/PB[%S 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
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l}IDF 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
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N%RB$G 1.8 The Intensity 8
J{GtH[ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
5^Gv! XW 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
GVFR^pz O 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
0- )D`s% 2 Gaussian Optics 15
< OKzb3e 2.1 Introduction 15
PGT*4r21 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
E$$pO.\ 2.2.1 Examples 19
tMN^"sjf* 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
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q6z$c)K 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
0nko n3H 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
N=qe*Rlf 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
(S :+# v 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
5: jbd:o 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
V}1D1. @ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
~R`Rj*Q2Y 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
dg%Orvu z 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
j@1rVOmK 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
9m2_zfO[ w 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
cz8%p;F: 3 Interference 37
=AFTB<7- ^ 3.1 Introduction 37
~Rzn =>a 3.2 General Description 37
}$ K2h* 3.3 Coherence 38
9aLS%-x!+ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
RU>Hr5ebo 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
L lP 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
a:C'N 4K 3.6 Interferometry 49
#A8 d@]Ps 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
*7" R[!9 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
;4jRsirx9 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
FzOr#(^ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
!6eXJ#~[E 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
s*R \!L 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
32_{nLV$[ 4 Diffraction 67
4X2XS K4 4.1 Introduction 67
{(}Mu R 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
o C]tEXJ 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
{~*aXu 3 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
[\o+I:,}wi 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
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ec 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
{}?;|&_ 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
5 5vpnRM 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
&a?&G'? 4.6 Physical Optics Description
{;(X#vK}9 of Image Formation 81
tuA,t 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
{~g (WxE 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
d*26;5~\ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
Az. k6)~ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
G Q&9b_ 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
0NLoqq 5.1 Introduction 99
bl|k6{A 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
dhe?7r ]u 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
QN[-XQ>Xt 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
_m!TUT8o 5.2.3 Examples 105
2e}${NZN 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
fP`g#t)4Tu 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
a a<9%j 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
W4yNET%l, 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
, 63hO .4M 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
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5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
Wxl^f?I`: 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
DXlP (={* 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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