Optical Metrology Third Edition R>HY:-2 \447]<u Kjell J. G˚asvik
@ZG>mP1Vo Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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t\%%d)d9 wASX\D } Preface to the Third Edition xi
6]Z O'Nwo 1Basics 1
32^#RlSu8 1.1 Introduction 1
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v}JV&: 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
4 4`WYK l 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
S<pk c8 1.4 Phase Difference 4
5*1#jiq 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
7>&1nBh. f 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
t R ;{. 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
&mdB\ Y?^ 1.8 The Intensity 8
=x#&\ui 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
IM]h*YV' 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
dN0mYlu1| 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
[4\aYB 9N 2 Gaussian Optics 15
6klD22b 2$ 2.1 Introduction 15
ZPvf-Pq Jl 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
yzg9I 2.2.1 Examples 19
snq;:n! 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
:q;R6-|. 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
Gk 6fO 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
?Q?598 MC 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
--A&TV 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
7H #2WFQ7 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
h1c{?xH2r 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
f~ R[&q + 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
l=NAq_?N\ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
!t% Q{`p 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
.R\p[rv& 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
`-u7 I 3 Interference 37
QoWR@u6a 3.1 Introduction 37
q0g1E Jar 3.2 General Description 37
[Xq<EEb 3.3 Coherence 38
o?y"]RCM 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
-%i #j> 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
1lsLG+Rpxi 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
s-%J 5_d f 3.6 Interferometry 49
PT05DH 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
ZMJ3NN]F 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
o X@nP?\ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
<5k&)EoT 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
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QC 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
I{EIHD< 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
OW#_ty_ul 4 Diffraction 67
-O %[!&` 4.1 Introduction 67
1J&#&\,f& 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
i pwW%"6 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
w?S8@|MK 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
VfRs[ 3Q 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
sS|<&3 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
)WmZP3$^TX 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
=1IEpxh% 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
b Oe<\Y$ 4.6 Physical Optics Description
|,{+;: of Image Formation 81
|eF.ZC)QWh 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
<"A#Eok|4 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
6&mWIk^VC 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
0Gx*'B= 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
NZfd_? 3 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
H) cQO?B 5.1 Introduction 99
s.KOBNCFa 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
u]0!|Jd0 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
l@#b;M/ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
8:<1|]] 5.2.3 Examples 105
2]3G1idB 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
z1FL8= 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
WkP|4&-< 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
xY+A]Up|w 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
0f{IE@-b 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
9>IsqYc 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
aX]y` 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
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