Optical Metrology Third Edition j_::#?o!/ pCXceNFo Kjell J. G˚asvik
[{]/9E /& Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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a$0,T_wD F't4Q Preface to the Third Edition xi
BHoy:Tp 1Basics 1
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;L"*L 1.1 Introduction 1
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1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
bXVH7F y 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
=L,s6J8_' 1.4 Phase Difference 4
[BPK0 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
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1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
( v<l9}! 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
6n[O8^ 1.8 The Intensity 8
d']CBoK 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
!*[Fw1-J 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
}BTK+Tk8 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
O*;$))<wX 2 Gaussian Optics 15
F8u;C:^d 2.1 Introduction 15
['<Q402:. 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
Mnj\t3: 2.2.1 Examples 19
6Z09)}tZb 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
!V<c:6" 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
RKI BFP8. 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
ORVFp]gG 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
Z7\}x"hk 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
9T`$ gAI 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
GyirE` 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
N*J!<vY" 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
~3f`= r3/. 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
|6]2X W 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
;i ol 2 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
.A(QqL> 3 Interference 37
XH^X4W 3.1 Introduction 37
,iUWLcOM 3.2 General Description 37
'?j[hhfB- 3.3 Coherence 38
gu~JB 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
Ge'[AhA 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
caG5S#8-" 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
*Sd}cD CO% 3.6 Interferometry 49
LS"_-4I} 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
@fI1|v=eF 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
BM~>=emc 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
a ~ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
P\j n ht 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
[h5~1N 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
n(}cK@ 4 Diffraction 67
yj:<3_-C* 4.1 Introduction 67
^bD )Tg5 K 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
e 8Ul^] 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
cDkq@H: 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
$,b1`* 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
'P AIh*qA 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
M0jC:*D`" 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
PZ#\O 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
"Y C5viX 4.6 Physical Optics Description
G+_Q7-o&d6 of Image Formation 81
V4["+Y 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
[:hT wBRF 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
Ihn#GzM?u 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
"c9T4=]&t 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
A$JL"~R 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
**,(>4 j 5.1 Introduction 99
8I>'x f 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
l:@`.'-= 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
7>-"r*W +z 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
. r?URC 5.2.3 Examples 105
@ K=:f 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
:@~Nszlb 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
qS9z0HLE 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
5bj9S 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
6"o,)e/z 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
5~R1KjjvA 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
M?gc&2 Y 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
cv=H6j]h | 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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