Optical Metrology Third Edition ~'U;).C #E ~FF@a Kjell J. G˚asvik
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9.@(& 3jI.!xD` Preface to the Third Edition xi
g@U#Y#b@" 1Basics 1
H 0h 1.1 Introduction 1
=CVw0'yZ 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
asF-mf;D 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
:rj78_e9 1.4 Phase Difference 4
Q0--.Q=:Y 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
t/$xzsoJZr 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
C{ti>'"V 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
;+jp,( 7 1.8 The Intensity 8
J~}UG]j n 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
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vN) 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
XMdc n, 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
|u+&xX7 2 Gaussian Optics 15
yjr@v!o 2.1 Introduction 15
a(7ryl~c= 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
NV gLq@F 2.2.1 Examples 19
<- ?B# 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
aE%VH ;? 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
s +GF-kJ* 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
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EDi6 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
b1#=q0Zl 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
$"i690 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
K+}Z6_: 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
toWmm(7v 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
6Te}"t> 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
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* OU 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
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:86@O 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
z(WpOD 3 Interference 37
wgyO% 3.1 Introduction 37
bxN;"{>Xz 3.2 General Description 37
c|R/,/ 3.3 Coherence 38
QdTe!f| 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
AAW7@\q. 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
|FFC8R%@]u 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
d.AjH9 jg 3.6 Interferometry 49
(*ng$zZ$ 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
v2{O67j}
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@NIypi$T 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
]'Yw#YB 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
/RM-+D:Y 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
@>]3xHE6#= 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
kut|A 4 Diffraction 67
TJpv"V 4.1 Introduction 67
u\xm8}A 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
(Pd>*G\ 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
S:YL<_oI| 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
HWhKX:`l 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
0vp I#q 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
?~.&Y 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
?nW#qy!R 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
b..$5 4.6 Physical Optics Description
'EV *-_k of Image Formation 81
\zU5G#LQ 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
6W=:`14 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
X t =bc 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
At(9)6n8 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
Y2-bU 7mo 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
8~E)gV+v 5.1 Introduction 99
r%pFq1/'! 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
l;A_Aii( 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
BA-nxR 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
ef&@aB 5.2.3 Examples 105
j\f$r,4 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
N| Pm|w*? 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
=-LX)|x} 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
<y!r~? 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
fR4l4 GU?) 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
&.hRVW( 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
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#H: 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
n-3j$x1Ne 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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