Optical Metrology Third Edition 4x=(Zw_X RV;!05^< Kjell J. G˚asvik
`N'V#)Pi Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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50$W0L$ ?aWx(dVQ Preface to the Third Edition xi
0` 5e 1Basics 1
T$mbk3P 1.1 Introduction 1
R5(T([w' 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
cP rwW 6 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
rt}^4IqL 1.4 Phase Difference 4
(s&&>M]r_ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
x)oRSsv!Tr 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
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n 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
! OAvD# 1.8 The Intensity 8
:m ZYS4L~ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
`q_<Im%I 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
gKi{Y1 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
i=rH 7k 2 Gaussian Optics 15
[Y/:@t "2y 2.1 Introduction 15
T1bd:mC}n 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
g7n " 2.2.1 Examples 19
eV2mMSY 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
6R4<J% $P 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
v&;:^jJ8 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
U(,.D}PG 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
<]U1\~j 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
@ D[` Oj) 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
^sClz*%? 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
(CE7j<j 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
G;1?<3 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
LW:1/w&pv 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
/+[63=fl 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
h-QLV[^ 3 Interference 37
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3.1 Introduction 37
@~:8 ye 3.2 General Description 37
n c?B6IV 3.3 Coherence 38
tSHFm - q` 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
q.V-LXM 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
&JhX +'U 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
7wVH8^| 3.6 Interferometry 49
DL8x": ; 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
,hRN\Kt)p 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
1[PMDS_X 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
6v 732;^ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
)^x K 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
(f#b7O-Wn 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
=RKSag& 4 Diffraction 67
8@\7&C(g17 4.1 Introduction 67
eV};9VJ$F 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
-x*2t;%z{U 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
JL^2l$up 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
qJv[MBjk3B 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
\ |!\V 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
))T>jh 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
#R&H &1 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
8P: spD0 4.6 Physical Optics Description
wCKj 7y[ of Image Formation 81
PK2~fJB 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
\RG!@$i 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
i$^ ZTb^ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
egR-w[{ 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
s0" e' 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
anN#5jt 5.1 Introduction 99
s8mr '' 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
e %O0hE 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
5M_Wj*a}7 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
~Y!kB:D5;~ 5.2.3 Examples 105
04@cLDX8uB 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
nsuX*C7 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
X[3}?,aqL 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
zGlZ!t: 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
~mp0B9L% 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
3Ofc\ 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
rofNZ;nu 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
IDFFc& 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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