“真空术语”好像论坛中没有,发一个希望有朋友喜欢。 z#$>f*b
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真空术语 J%_m`?
\Lp|S:u
1.标准环境条件 standard ambient condition: >8I?YT.
2.气体的标准状态 standard reference conditions forgases: ~EYsUC#B_
3.压力(压强)p pressure: !B&OK&*
4.帕斯卡Pa pascal: 7Wd}H Z
5.托Torr torr: QD<GXPu?N
6.标准大气压atm standard atmosphere: *]L(,_:"
7.毫巴mbar millibar: ;WF3w
8.分压力 partial pressure: NU>'$s
9.全压力 total pressure: j. @CB`
10.真空 vacuum: Ya%-/u
11.真空度 degree of vacuum: [Pn(d[$z
12.真空区域 ranges of vacuum: /7s^OkQ
13.气体 gas: +#||
w9p
14.非可凝气体 non-condensable gas: v;S_7#
15.蒸汽vapor: OGDCC/
16.饱和蒸汽压saturation vapor pressure: 5Op|="W.
17.饱和度degree of saturation: hKG)*
Q
18.饱和蒸汽saturated vapor: Ukf4Q\@w
19.未饱和蒸汽unsaturated vapor: b7thu5
20.分子数密度n,m-3 number density of molecules: w=dTa5
21.平均自由程ι、λ,m mean free path: I}?+>cf
22.碰撞率ψ collision rate: ,'7 X|z/_>
23.体积碰撞率χ volume collision rate: \Zpg,KOT
24.气体量G quantity of gas: B)q 5m
y
25.气体的扩散 diffusion of gas: 5:oteNc3
26.扩散系数D diffusion coefficient; diffusivity: _TGv"c@V
27.粘滞流 viscous flow: LSX;|#AI
28.粘滞系数η viscous factor: rc_K|Df
29.泊肖叶流 poiseuille flow: 8ZnHp~
30.中间流 intermediate flow: il=:T\'U9
31.分子流 molecular flow: SxAZ2|/-
32克努曾数 number of knudsen: /o$C=fDF
33.分子泻流 molecular effusion; effusive flow: EFd9n
34.流逸 transpiration: T-;|E^
35.热流逸 thermal transpiration: '@jP$6T&
36.分子流率qN molecular flow rate; molecular flux: /Dmuvb|A
37.分子流率密度 molecular flow rate density; density of molecular flux: l r16*2.
38.质量流率qm mass flow rare: +2qCH^80
39.流量qG throughput of gas: L0sb[:'luz
40.体积流率qV volume flow rate: q6A"+w,N
41.摩尔流率qυ molar flow rate: C0RnBu
42.麦克斯韦速度分布 maxwellian velocity distribution: <-Hw@g
43.传输几率Pc transmission probability: )BJ Z{E*
44.分子流导CN,UN molecular conductance: V2v}F=
45.流导C,U conductance: \dB)G<_
46.固有流导Ci,Ui intrinsic conductance: li4"|T&
47.流阻W resistance: a 8(mU%
48.吸附 sorption:
`oPUf!
49.表面吸附 adsorption: _J N$zZ{
50.物理吸附physisorption: s<GR
?
51.化学吸附 chemisorption: AW\#)Em
52.吸收absorption: v`G [6Z
53.适应系数α accommodation factor:
i_[nW
54.入射率υ impingement rate: dTATJ)NH
55.凝结率condensation rate: y)Y0SY1\j
56.粘着率 sticking rate: l-~
o&n
57.粘着几率Ps sticking probability: a7Xa3 vlpO
58.滞留时间τ residence time: h#e((j3-2Z
59.迁移 migration: rQrh(~\:
60.解吸 desorption: y}.?`/Q#
61.去气 degassing: x_k@hGSC
62.放气 outgassing: 6
_Cc+}W
63.解吸或放气或去气速率qGU desorption or outgassing or degassing rate: HZ_,f"22
64.蒸发率 evaporation rate: ;7
F'xz"
65.渗透 permeation: qs U ob
66.渗透率φ permeability: gO9\pI2
67.渗透系数P permeability coefficient s|q]11r+H
2. 1.真空泵 vacuum pumps #mFY?Zp)
1-1.容积真空泵 positive displacement pump: D.ajO^[
⑴.气镇真空泵 gas ballast vacuum pump: @pn<x"F5'
⑵.油封(液封)真空泵oil sealed (liquid-sealed) vacuum pump: ws_/F
⑶.干封真空泵 dry-sealed vacuum pump: gf]k@-)
⑷.往复真空泵 piston vacuum pump: Z~s"=kF,
⑸.液环真空泵 liquid ring vacuum pump: ywCF{rRd
⑹.旋片真空泵 sliding vane rotary vacuum pump: ZD`9Ez)5
⑺.定片真空泵 rotary piston vacuum pump: sX,."@[
⑻.滑阀真空泵 rotary plunger vacuum pump: *~b}]M700
⑼.余摆线真空泵 trochoidal vacuum pump: k~|5TO
⑽.多室旋片真空泵 multi-chamber sliding vane rotary vacuum pump: p10i_<J]=
⑾.罗茨真空泵 roots vacuum pump: &%infPI'
1-2.动量传输泵 kinetic vacuum pump: 7hq$vI%0
⑴.牵引分子泵molecular drag pump: /,`40^U}
⑵.涡轮分子泵turbo molecular pump: #]MV
⑶.喷射真空泵ejector vacuum pump: (&=gM
⑷.液体喷射真空泵liquid jet vacuum pump: eGEeWJ}[$
⑸.气体喷射真空泵gas jet vacuum pump: 1P
'_EJ]M
⑹.蒸汽喷射真空泵vapor jet vacuum pump : 'v42Q J"{
⑺.扩散泵diffusion pump :
%1jlXa
⑻.自净化扩散泵self purifying diffusion pump: Q"Ur*/-U
⑼.分馏扩散泵 fractionating diffusion pump : J;mvD^`g
⑽.扩散喷射泵diffusion ejector pump : ]y52%RAKI
⑾.离子传输泵ion transfer pump: H\[:uUK5\
1-3.捕集真空泵 entrapment vacuum pump: zF-M9f$_PY
⑴吸附泵adsorption pump: F8T.}qI
⑵.吸气剂泵 getter pump: qz]g4hS
⑶.升华(蒸发)泵 sublimation (evaporation)pump : e ab_"W
⑷.吸气剂离子泵getter ion pump: aplOo[
⑸.蒸发离子泵 evaporation ion pump: )=EJFQ*v
⑹.溅射离子泵sputter ion pump: Lfj]Y~*z
⑺.低温泵cryopump: ,!{/Y7PmJ
TQjM3Ri=V
2.真空泵零部件 8h=Rfa9
2-1.泵壳 pump case: /P}Wp[)u
2-2.入口 inlet: '_`O&rbT
2-3.出口outlet: +bC=yR
2-4.旋片(滑片、滑阀)vane; blade : _go1gf7
2-5.排气阀discharge valve: {Bd 0
2-6.气镇阀gas ballast valve: PRpW*#"EI
2-7.膨胀室expansion chamber: m~xO;_m
2-8.压缩室compression chamber: ]u(EEsG/
2-9.真空泵油 vacuum pump oil: y G{;kJ P
2-10.泵液 pump fluid: /E|Ac&Qk
2-11.喷嘴 nozzle: 5N'Z"C0
2-13.喷嘴扩张率nozzle expansion rate: sm1(I7y
2-14.喷嘴间隙面积 nozzle clearance area : J-3%.fX,
2-15.喷嘴间隙nozzle clearance: >kN%R8*Sx
2-16.射流jet: Qjl.O HO
2-17.扩散器diffuser: _w\A=6=q|
2-18.扩散器喉部diffuser thoat: ,FP<#
0F*a
2-19.蒸汽导管vapor tube(pipe;chimney): Gi9s*v,s
2-20.喷嘴组件nozzle assembly: ns/L./z
2-21.下裙skirt: OY?x'h
Co%EJb"tk
3.附件 tPb$ua|
3-1阱trap: teDO,$
⑴.冷阱 cold trap: 8E:d!?<^&I
⑵.吸附阱sorption trap: F\"`^`(O
⑶.离子阱ion trap: Bf-KCqC".
⑷.冷冻升华阱 cryosublimation trap: l^,"^vz
3-2.挡板baffle: j1Q"s(
3-3.油分离器oil separator: WdvXVF
3-4.油净化器oil purifier: $w@0}5Q
3-5.冷凝器condenser: JXa5snh{h
)?zlhsu}1;
4.泵按工作分类 =iEQE
4-1.主泵main pump: x6BO%1
4-2.粗抽泵roughing vacuum pump: u+
?Wm40E
4-3.前级真空泵backing vacuum pump: v[UrOT:
4-4.粗(低)真空泵 roughing(low)vacuum pump: 2&+Nr+P
4-5.维持真空泵holding vacuum pump: ja_.{Zv
4-6.高真空泵high vacuum pump: L=1~)>mP
4-7.超高真空泵ultra-high vacuum pump: Vw~st1",[
4-8.增压真空泵booster vacuum pump: )rce%j7
\dzHG/e
5.真空泵特性 %x2_njDd
5-1.真空泵的抽气速率(体积流率)s volume flow rate of a vacuum pump: D+u#!t[q
5-2.真空泵的抽气量Q throughput of vacuum pump:。 )>X
C_ R
5-3.起动压力starting pressure: ZNX=]]HM<n
5-4.前级压力 backing pressure : m+ww
5-5.临界前级压力 critical backing pressure: nR2pqaKc
5-6.最大前级压力maximum backing pressure: 2xx
5-7.最大工作压力maximum working pressure: [Jjb<6[o
5-8.真空泵的极限压力ultimate pressure of a pump: h jCkj(b
5-9.压缩比compression ratio: OlwORtWzZ
5-10.何氏系数Ho coefficient: |'R^\M Q
5-11.抽速系数speed factor: (*CGZDg
5-12.气体的反扩散back-diffusion of gas:
?8O %k<?
5-13.泵液返流back-streaming of pump fluid: (Q /Kp*a
5-14.返流率back-streaming rate ^G~C#t^
5-15.返迁移back-migration: C72!::o
5-16.爆腾bumping: `BA,_N|6
5-17.水蒸气允许量qm water vapor tolerable load: Q-qM"8I
5-18.最大允许水蒸气入口压力maximum tolerable water vapor inlet pressure: JO^E x1c
5-19.蒸汽喷射泵、扩散泵或扩散喷射泵的加热时间warm-up time for a vapor jet pump or a diffusion pump or a diffusion ejector pump: PU\?eA
5-20.蒸汽喷射泵、扩散泵或扩散喷射泵的冷却时间cool-down time for a vapor jet pump or a diffusion pump or a diffusion ejector pump @-ms_Z
3. 1.一般术语 t;?TXAA
1-1.压力计pressure gauge: x2M'!VK>n1
1-2.真空计vacuum gauge: "iC*Eoz#.
⑴.规头(规管)gauge head: q|N/vkqPz
⑵.裸规nude gauge : L,<5l?u
⑶.真空计控制单元gauge control unit : P`$"B0B)
⑷.真空计指示单元gauge indicating unit : @0mR_\u\
zv%9?:
2.真空计一般分类 Jn/"(mM
2-1.压差式真空计differential vacuum gauge: MBO3y&\S4
2-2.绝对真空计 absolute vacuum gauge: _?+gfi+
2-3.全压真空计total pressure vacuum gauge: ]sbj8
2-4.分压真空计;分压分析器partial pressure vacuum gauge; partial pressure analyser: GF3"$?Cw
2-5.相对真空计relative vacuum gauge : 7P!Hryy
N!u(G
3.真空计特性 [It
E+{U
3-1.真空计测量范围pressure range of vacuum gauge: 9\aR{e,1
3-2.灵敏度系数sensitivity coefficient: wP <)
3-4. 电离规系数(压力单位倒数)ionization gauge coefficient (in inverse pressure units): -ST[!W V
3-5.规管光电流photon current of vacuum gauge head: oOU?6nq
3-6.等效氮压力equivalent nitrogen pressure : 0)?.rthk4S
3-7.X射线极限值 X-ray limit: _^;;vR%
3-8.逆X射线效应anti X-ray effect: 8)1k>=
3-9.布利尔斯效应blears effect: z
TM1 e
%nmD>QCe
4.全压真空计 ZMI!Sl
4-1.液位压力计liquid level manometer: S5W*,?
4-2.弹性元件真空计elastic element vacuum gauge: heAbxs
4-3.压缩式真空计compression gauge: <H,q( :pM
4-4.压力天平pressure balance: <DM
/"^*
4-5.粘滞性真空计viscosity gauge : giDe
4-6.热传导真空计thermal conductivity vacuum gauge : !='?+Ysxs
4-7.热分子真空计thermo-molecular gauge: |K H&,
4-8.电离真空计ionization vacuum gauge: (eOzntp8
4-9.放射性电离真空计radioactive ionization gauge: vwlPFrLl
4-10.冷阴极电离真空计cold cathode ionization gauge: G/w&yd4
4-11.潘宁真空计penning gauge: O=9mLI6
4-12.冷阴极磁控管真空计cold cathode magnetron gauge: !D_Qat
4-13.放电管指示器discharge tube indicator: -j6&W`
4-14.热阴极电离真空计hot cathode ionization gauge: _9^
4-15.三极管式真空计triode gauge: ]4$t'wI.
4-16.高压力电离(中真空)真空计high pressure (medium vacuum) ionization gauge: C`uZr k/
4-17.B-A型电离真空计Bayard-Alpert gauge: {NS6y \,
4-18.调制型电离真空计modulator gauge: RwG@C|sG
4-19.抑制型电离真空计suppressor gauge: AaVj^iy/X
4-20.分离型电离真空计extractor gauge: EEU)eltI
4-21.弯注型电离真空计bent beam gauge: P{'T9U|O-
4-22.弹道型电离真空计 orbitron gauge : ~ PO)>;
4-23.热阴极磁控管真空计hot cathode magnetron gauge: *G<K@k
c']3N
5.分压真空计(分压分析器) rhLm2q
5-1.射频质谱仪radio frequency mass spectrometer: d^0vaX6e}
5-2.四极质谱仪(四级滤质器)quadrupole mass spectrometer;quadrupole mass filer: \5MW65
5-3.单极质谱仪momopole mass spectrometer: ;{zgp
5-4.双聚焦质谱仪double focusing mass spectrometer: B``)
5-5.磁偏转质谱仪magnetic deflection mass spectrometer: Vm_waa
5-6.余摆线聚焦质谱仪trochoidal focusing mass spectrometer: E*uz|w3S)Y
5-7.回旋质谱仪omegatron mass spectrometer: tML[~AZh
5-8.飞行时间质谱仪time of flight mass spectrometer: .5i\L OTd
dK5|tWJX
6.真空计校准 O,&nCxB]
6-1.标准真空计reference gauges: |Sne\N>%
6-2.校准系统system of calibration: wNHvYulI
6-3.校准系数K calibration coefficient: :U,n[.$5'
6-4.压缩计法meleod gauge method: ^9{mjy0Q
6-5.膨胀法expansion method: 0""t`y&
6-6.流导法flow method: 7_HJ|QB
4. 1.真空系统vacuum system ifA)Ppt<`
1-1.真空机组pump system: s$V'|Pt
1-2.有油真空机组pump system used oil : LSR{N|h+)
1-3.无油真空机组oil free pump system IfK%i/J
1-4.连续处理真空设备continuous treatment vacuum plant: 7)2Co[t
1-5.闸门式真空系统vacuum system with an air-lock: Ik4FVL8~
1-6.压差真空系统differentially pumped vacuum system: u9TiEEof3
1-7.进气系统gas admittance system: ~HW}Wik
^""Ss
2.真空系统特性参量 Gk!06
2-1.抽气装置的抽速volume flow rate of a pumping unit : o@&Hc bN^
2-2.抽气装置的抽气量throughput of a pumping unit : BrWo/1b
2-3.真空系统的放气速率degassing(outgassing) throughput of a vacuum system: q;W(;B
2-4.真空系统的漏气速率leak throughput of a vacuum system: &!@7+'])
2-5.真空容器的升压速率rate of pressure rise of a vacuum chamber: X^?M4
2-6.极限压力ultimate pressure: :sf(=Y.qA
2-7.残余压力residual pressure: b,Z\{M:f;F
2-8.残余气体谱residual gas spectrum: :y>$N(.8f
2-9.基础压力base pressure: b3>`%?A
2-10.工作压力working pressure: d".Xp4}f
2-11.粗抽时间roughing time: Ewfzjc
2-12.抽气时间pump-down time: r )EuH.z
2-13.真空系统时间常数time constant of a vacuum system: 2MV!@rx
2-14.真空系统进气时间venting time: #J=@} S)
yX-h|Cr"
3.真空容器 4iXB`@k
3-1.真空容器;真空室vacuum chamber: {Q%"{h']
3-2.封离真空装置sealed vacuum device: _iJ8*v8A
3-3.真空钟罩vacuum bell jar: =54"9*
3-4.真空容器底板vacuum base plate: }m`+E+T4
3-5.真空岐管vacuum manifold: WOv m%sX
3-6.前级真空容器(贮气罐)backing reservoir: B
66-l!xa
3-7.真空保护层outer chamber: dx/NY1
3-8.真空闸室vacuum air lock: Y(qyuS3h~*
3-9.真空冷凝器;蒸汽冷凝器device for condensing vapor: pb\W7G
}JF,:g
Lk
4.真空封接和真空引入线 '@{'T LMCi
4-1.永久性真空封接permanent seal : Ti{~
4.2.玻璃分级过渡封接graded seal : )L,.KO
4-3.压缩玻璃金属封接compression glass-to-metal seal: [m}58?0~x
4-4.匹配式玻璃金属封接matched glass-to-metal seal: c{qoASc?
4-5.陶瓷金属封接ceramic-to-metal seal: Xy0KZ !
4-6.半永久性真空封接semi-permanent seal : Y&G]M
4-7.可拆卸的真空封接demountable joint: Hn-k*Y/P
4-8.液体真空封接liquid seal +d$l1j
4-9.熔融金属真空封接molten metal seal: 9XH}/FcP_O
4-10.研磨面搭接封接ground and lapped seal: gbC!>LV
4-11.真空法兰连接vacuum flange connection: hC nqe
4-12.真空密封垫vacuum-tight gasket: <0P7NC:Ci
4-13.真空密封圈ring gasket: 2[O\"a%
4-14.真空平密封垫flat gasket: BEm~o#D
4-15.真空引入线feedthrough leadthrough: p+t79F.js
4-16.真空轴密封shaft seal: f|U
J%}$v;
4-17.真空窗vacuum window: v>4kF _N
4-18.观察窗viewing window: *c0\<BI
JdP[
cN
5.真空阀门 kVH^(Pi
5-1.真空阀门的特性characteristic of vacuum valves: AP2BND9
⑴.真空阀门的流导conductance of vacuum valves: )|Ho"VEmg
⑵.真空阀门的阀座漏气率leak rate of the vacuum seat: zvDg1p
5-2.真空调节阀regulating valve: wva| TZ
5-3.微调阀 micro-adjustable valve: _olhCLIR-
5-4.充气阀charge valve: Ot^<:\<`G
5-5.进气阀gas admittance valve: 4X()D {uR
5-6.真空截止阀break valve: , :10
5-7.前级真空阀backing valve: 0cpI2
5-8.旁通阀 by-pass valve: &3o[^_Ti
5-9.主真空阀main vacuum valve: W@T_-pTCjK
5-10.低真空阀low vacuum valve: 5UTIGla
5-11.高真空阀high vacuum valve: 6G6B!x
5-12.超高真空阀;UHV阀 ultra-high vacuum valve: ZjOUk;H?
5-13.手动阀manually operated valve: zRz7*o&l
5-14.气动阀pneumatically operated valve: RfZZqeU
5-15.电磁阀electromagnetically operated valve: _6"YWR
5-16.电动阀valve with electrically motorized operation: 8.g(&F
5-17.挡板阀baffle valve: )=PmHUd
5-18.翻板阀flap valve: `akbzHOM
5-19.插板阀gate valve: 3hPj;-u
5-20.蝶阀butterfly valve: AzfYw'^&9
$PNS`@B
6.真空管路 y5v}EX`m&
6-1.粗抽管路roughing line: opQdym
6-2.前级真空管路backing line: .;:jGe(
6-3.旁通管路;By-Pass管路 by-pass line: .t7mTpi
6-4.抽气封口接头pumping stem: C4`u3S
6-5.真空限流件limiting conductance: /.[;u1z"^
6-6.过滤器filter: :J'ibb1
5. 1.一般术语 xpzQ"'be
1-1真空镀膜vacuum coating: ~kkwPs2V
1-2基片substrate: c^$+=-G{fd
1-3试验基片testing substrate: -%h0`hOG{
1-4镀膜材料coating material: %"1*,g{
1-5蒸发材料evaporation material: 7wm9S4+|
1-6溅射材料sputtering material: gLH#UwfJ
1-7膜层材料(膜层材质)film material: cSkJlhwNn
1-8蒸发速率evaporation rate: jDaWmy<ha
1-9溅射速率sputtering rate: ;`TSu5/
1-10沉积速率deposition rate: mHnHB.OL
1-11镀膜角度coating angle: z;74(5?q
l$:.bwXXO
2.工艺 Wb|xEwq d`
2-1真空蒸膜vacuum evaporation coating: \k8| 3Y~g
(1).同时蒸发simultaneous evaporation: rLy<3
(2).蒸发场蒸发evaporation field evaporation: neHozmm|
(3).反应性真空蒸发reactive vacuum evaporation: $_5@NOZ,M
(4).蒸发器中的反应性真空蒸发reactive vacuum evaporation in evaporator: ,IODV`L
(5).直接加热的蒸发direct heating evaporation: nCj_4,O
(6).感应加热蒸发induced heating evaporation: #]BpTpRAe<
(7).电子束蒸发electron beam evaporation: AIx,c1G]K
(8).激光束蒸发laser beam evaporation: RCS91[
(9).间接加热的蒸发indirect heating evaporation: Pdg %:aY
(10).闪蒸flash evaportion: !JkH$~
2-2真空溅射vacuum sputtering: H"_]Hq
(1).反应性真空溅射 reactive vacuum sputtering: &)8-iO
(2).偏压溅射bias sputtering: Q]?Lg
(3).直流二级溅射direct current diode sputtering: $c WO`\XM
(4).非对称性交流溅射asymmtric alternate current sputtering: #kuk3}&
(5).高频二极溅射high frequency diode sputtering: 0%m}tfQ5
(6).热阴极直流溅射(三极型溅射)hot cathode direct current sputtering: xEA%UFB.!G
(7).热阴极高频溅射(三极型溅射)hot cathode high frequency sputtering: ?^# h|aUp.
(8).离子束溅射ion beam sputtering: I>]t% YKj
(9).辉光放电清洗glow discharge cleaning: HfF4BQxm
2-3物理气相沉积PVD physical vapor deposition: NWGSUUa
2-4化学气相沉积CVD chemical vapor deposition: =t+{)d.w
2-5磁控溅射magnetron sputtering: ) ny,vcU]
2-6等离子体化学气相沉积;PCVD plasma chemistry vapor deposition: g;>M{)A
2-7空心阴极离子镀HCD hollow cathode discharge deposition: .q>4? +
2-8电弧离子镀arc discharge deposition: %/^kr ZD
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3.专用部件 |?t6h 5Mt"
3-1镀膜室coating chamber: =h083|y>
3-2蒸发器装置evaporator device: $S"QyAH~-a
3-3蒸发器evaporator: X@ljZ
3-4直接加热式蒸发器evaporator by direct heat: 'm;M+:l
6
3-5间接加热式蒸发器evaporator by indirect heat: 8Jz/'
3-7溅射装置sputtering device: ]wMp`}$b@L
3-8靶target: +18)e;
3-10时控挡板timing shutter: QSn%~o05
3-11掩膜mask: 9}4EW4
3-12基片支架substrate holder: xELnik_L2
3-13夹紧装置clamp:
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3-14换向装置reversing device: ~/@5&