[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 3
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 DPQGh`J  
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模型 wx%nTf/Oa  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ?J@qg20z  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. dIa(</ }  
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光源 W$Q)aA7  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 C1B3VG  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 #C;zS9(]B  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 4B8Se  
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视网膜的散射 @S"pJeP/f  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 #"p1Qea$  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 EOPS? @  
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脚本 3Da,]w<  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ,;cel^.b  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 *0&4mi8  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 h%1~v$W`  
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分析 tf7v5iGe  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 #7~tL23}]  
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脚本代码 pqH( Tbjq  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. )+w/\~@  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Iu-'o  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ,a9D~i 9R  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL esh$*)1  
Dim A As Double zr3q>]oma  
Dim pupilDiam As Double k_K,J6_)  
Dim eID As Long qu<B%v  
Dim parID As Long
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Dim count As Integer zM_
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 2Ft8dfdm`  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Hb A3*2  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double @~$F;M=.*  
Dim ok As Long `i t+D  
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Sub Main ;# R3k  
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    '用户输入对话框 pYLY;qkG"  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 .K
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 dysX  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ^o $W  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ERfd7V<c>  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 FE8+E\ U?  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 MtZt8s  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 u}-d7-=  
    End Dialog zdLVxL>87  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 8^<c,!DM  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) *Nvy+V  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed C 'B4 mmC  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 2!{_/@I\Y  
        End 5E]UI YAkV  
    End If !y>lOw})Q  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty |`_ <@b  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then kf+JM/  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation }yx=(+jP  
    Else xHEVR!&c4  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ]PR|d\O  
    End If `"xk,fVYd  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then QO5OnYh  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter I;Al?&uw  
    Else #joF{M{  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) }': EJ~H  
    End If *C4~}4WT\  
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    Print " " ?@Z7O.u  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" :0M'=~[  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ]{K5zSK  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 8s QQK.N(  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ltNuLZ  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Rz`@N`U  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens beJZpg  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens <8iYL`3  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens H,(F1+~d  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness !?BW_vY  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction xh{mca>?
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation fkW3~b  
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    '************************************************************************* ~J%R-{U9  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) rQ=xcn[A  
    '************************************************************************* OF-E6bc  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~@%(RMJm&  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity sk#9x`Rw  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) I_:t}3s  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z f8^"E $"  
    count = 0 J=@hk@Nq#  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /r>IV`n{  
        GetOperation eID, count, op kXigX
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then M,&tA1CH  
            DeleteOperation eID,count grGhN q  
            count=count-1 HpW"lYW4  
        End If cL?\^K)  
        count=count+1 d?JAUbqy  
    Wend !K!)S^^Po?  
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    'Set new shift in D=2~37CzQ1  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" !{$qMhT  
    op.val1 = taq :}^Rs9 '  
    op.parent = parID b([:,T7  
    AddOperation eID, op 3b#L17D3_  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 +IvNyj|  
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    '************************************************************************* 1d`cTaQ-  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens z|uOJ0uK  
    '************************************************************************* 5xhM0(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) KCE=|*6::|  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 2>g^4(  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant S3ErH,XB.  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant : -E,  
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    '************************************************************************* n4Vwao/9x  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens (m6EQoW^s+  
    '************************************************************************* 6Ux[,]GK  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) >xZ5ac I  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic b,9@P&=:2  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost i)=m7i  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Xj%,xm>}!u  
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    '************************************************************************* L"4]Tm>zq  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 5~QhX22  
    '************************************************************************* V5~fMsse  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) H*GlWgfG  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) xg?auje  
    count = 0 { E^U6@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3+e4e  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,'=hjIel  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then MBlBMUJk  
            DeleteOperation eID,count |4Qx=x>  
            count=count-1 fSbS(a
 
        End If ,'u*ZB;  
        count=count+1 v_.HGGS  
    Wend "3wv:BL  
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    'Set new z-shift z4bN)W )p  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" eIsT!V"7  
    op.val1 = tlens Y|_O8[  
    op.parent = parID X PA0m  
    AddOperation eID, op B@"J]S  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 02(h={  
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    '************************************************************************* rmsQt  
    'Lens index of refraction g &*mozs  
    '************************************************************************* (#If1[L  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) b;*c:{W)  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ##v`(#fu  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Yh$fQ:yi\&  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 9)Ly}Kzx  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens XC2FF&B&  
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    '************************************************************************* NZ+7p{&AN  
    'Pupil diameter NCn`}QP  
    '************************************************************************* 68p R:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ] opto  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 0yaMe@&,  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" sBU_Ft  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "W5rx8a  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !9D1 Fa  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) SB/3jH  
    count = 0 z0 \N{rP&  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lH6fvz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op cJ2PI  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (0R2T"/  
            DeleteOperation eID,count +(&|uq^  
            count=count-1 l|q%%W0  
        End If BPewc9RxV  
        count=count+1 ceG&,a$\  
    Wend Bzw19S6y
 
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" KUFz:&wK  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 SO_>c+Dw  
    op.parent = parID tF%QH[  
    AddOperation eID, op +{e`]t>_  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam G\ex^&M  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description #kci=2q_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) iZ "y7s  
    GetEntity eID, entity }LQC.!  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Cfv]VQQE  
    SetEntity eID, entity |vz9Hs$@l  
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    Update =) }nLS3t  
    Print "DONE!" $@.jZ_G  
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End Sub `*k@4.J{  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： !^?qU;|  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters " #v%36U  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm x*q35K^PE  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ,H{={aln  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 i*CnoQH  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ^{[[Z.&R?  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ~},W8\C>  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 7&|6KN}c  
Set pupil diameter = 4 yWY|]Pp  
DONE! 2y%R:Mu  
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