[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 T;92M}\  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ik(Du/  
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模型 v`Jt+?I  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 R.rch2  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. d/7R}n^  
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光源 FMVAXOO  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Ic2?1<IZA  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 $xWwI(SaB  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ['IH*gi  
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视网膜的散射 B>fZH\Y  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 MT-T
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ^O_Z5NbC3  
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脚本 q6>eb  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： o]<Z
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ]{1{XIF  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 H>CbMz1u  
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分析 p/ ITg  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 iJzB
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脚本代码 (DiduSJ  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ' h7Faj  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY >jI.$%L$  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 0fOhCxtL@  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL l!tR
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Dim A As Double M6g8+sio  
Dim pupilDiam As Double c2P}P* _  
Dim eID As Long 4,)9@-|0R  
Dim parID As Long CYaN;HV@_  
Dim count As Integer ;xwcK-A  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double "/'3I/}  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ?4b0\ -  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double XO <0;9|  
Dim ok As Long OH t)z.  
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Sub Main P6v ANL-B  
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    '用户输入对话框 )]P(!hW.  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 zy,SL |6:  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 a}UmD HS-  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 \|,| )  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ;C@mT;hR  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 PJ5}c!o[  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1  (Q8!5s  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ;%e)t[5  
    End Dialog ?AyxRbk  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ~IhM(Q*mO!  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) DB|1Sqjsn  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed (ghI$oH  
        Print "Execution cancelled." -EiTP:A  
        End ]hS:0QE  
    End If *`H*@2  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty '[#y|  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then uPfz'|,  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation /
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    Else O*~,
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Pxr/*X  
    End If qX@e+&4P0  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then cUR :a@  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ?#z$(upQ  
    Else *V2;ds.~  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) aj5HtP-  
    End If JQ%hh&M\0  
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    Print " " n6oOknCna  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" R #wZW&N  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" \ptO4E  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation " aG6u
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness }B-$}  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens u}%OC43  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens MH.+pqIv^  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 2_wue49-l  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens H,%bKl#  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness _pTcSp3  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction )gdeFA V  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation cpOt?XYR~  
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    '************************************************************************* Y+"1'W  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) G=cRdiy`C  
    '************************************************************************* x {NBhq(4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .) Ej#mk  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity hQ|mow@Zmz  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %tVU Rj  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z "&={E{pQ  
    count = 0 DSLX/uo1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count =p;cJ%#2]'  
        GetOperation eID, count, op |Y!^E %*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then d ~M;  
            DeleteOperation eID,count )]fiyXA  
            count=count-1 *ak0(yLn)  
        End If ZD&F ,2v  
        count=count+1 RnH?95n?{  
    Wend L/u|90)L  
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    'Set new shift in No7-fX1B  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" R[m-jUL  
    op.val1 = taq ?$/::uo  
    op.parent = parID 7rdmj[vu  
    AddOperation eID, op %NkiYiA  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 )xcjQkb  
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    '************************************************************************* $[X][[  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens )|=1;L  
    '************************************************************************* ^|MS2'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) G u`xJ  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic @K]`
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant j55_wx@cA  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant yP]>eL
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    '************************************************************************* iM8Cw/DS  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens {qw'gJmX  
    '************************************************************************* 8U@f/P  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ]+e zg(C}  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 9fX0?POG  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Uc!k)o#=  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost zYaFbNi  
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    '************************************************************************* P.Tnq  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) &W>\Vl1  
    '************************************************************************* (*A@V%H  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )  (
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) h>V6}(~;.  
    count = 0 4]1/{</B|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count KOg,V_(I  
        GetOperation eID, count, op -9LvAV>  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _!2lnJ4+5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %scw]oF  
            count=count-1 {U-
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        End If ;C-ds  
        count=count+1 Ho(MO!(  
    Wend 6OE xAn8  
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    'Set new z-shift ;X+0,K3c  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;^:8F  
    op.val1 = tlens GpPM?  
    op.parent = parID ds*gL ~k^  
    AddOperation eID, op 7s%D(;W_Mo  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens P:g!~&Q  
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    '************************************************************************* npeL1zO-$  
    'Lens index of refraction Y1lUO[F j  
    '************************************************************************* 8@vq.z}  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 3q4VH q  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat $l)
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    mat.Nd = nlens :[l}Bb,  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat <]?71{7X  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens @|\;#$?XW3  
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    '************************************************************************* hg12NzbK  
    'Pupil diameter ]|F`;}7  
    '************************************************************************* mqeW,89  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) '[6]W)f  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) &LM@xt4"^[  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ]pNM~,  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens At>e4t2@  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &5jc &CS  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #}.{|'L  
    count = 0 2KXFXR  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4grV2xtX  
        GetOperation eID, count, op yq, qS0Fo  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6&+dpr&c~=  
            DeleteOperation eID,count bZSt<cH3  
            count=count-1 >l}v _k*~B  
        End If {B=64,D^7R  
        count=count+1 oTk\r$4eb  
    Wend FXk*zXn6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" }#Up:o]A!  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 E5gt_,j>  
    op.parent = parID B$c'^ )  
    AddOperation eID, op Bph(\= W  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam s4 ,`  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description xz:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;t
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    GetEntity eID, entity Lniz>gSc  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" WjVm{7?{  
    SetEntity eID, entity Ku6ndc  
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    Update XwIHIG}  
    Print "DONE!" b7'A5]X  
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End Sub 5:+x7Ed  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： <qoc)p=__  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 4J9Y  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm BDL[C<d(  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 %7[d5[U~ZA  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 1h]nE/T.O  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 4D.h~X4  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 O~Jf"Ht  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 1jK2*y  
Set pupil diameter = 4 4
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DONE! Hm 0
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