[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 donw(_=  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 >n5:1.g  
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模型 $.St ej1  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 -5G)?J/*  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 2h30\/xkU  
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光源 w[Gh+L30=5  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 rPzQ8<  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 /x@RNdKv  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 dpZ;l 9  
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视网膜的散射 jLg@FDb~  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 92W&x'  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 )bOBQbj  
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脚本 "+"{+k5t  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ~IVd vm7  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 iSK+GQ~  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 I lR\  #  
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分析 rk2xKm^w  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 HYr}wG  
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脚本代码 DbX{#4lx  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used.  I 1d0iU  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY k?nQ?B W  
Dim op As T_OPERATION JF9y
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL j'%4{n  
Dim A As Double C=Fzu&N}  
Dim pupilDiam As Double #4LFG\s  
Dim eID As Long G>qZxy`c  
Dim parID As Long $V>98M>j  
Dim count As Integer RNV

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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double /
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ge3sU5iZ  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double \h
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Dim ok As Long 5@Bu99`  
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Sub Main ?VU(Pq*`  
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    '用户输入对话框 MWk:sBCqr  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 vY|^/[x#B  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ~`;rNnOT3  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 X8eJ4%  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Z[!d*O%R_  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 _#e&t"@GS  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 vh!v MB}}  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 6Z?j AXGSq  
    End Dialog K[\'"HyQ,X  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog :m=m}3/:  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 57{oh")  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed G}@#u9  
        Print "Execution cancelled." %m5Q"4O  
        End gQSNU_o Z  
    End If !%<
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty y]..=z_ql  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then h<l1]h+x  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ER2GjZa\z  
    Else p_*M:P1Ma4  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ! ueN|8'  
    End If g o5]<4`r  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ^_I} x)i*@  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter $h9='0Wi0'  
    Else wCs3:@UH  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) j;yf8Nf  
    End If e)nimq
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    Print " " M x5`yT7  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ;P&y,:<m:  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" _,Fny_u=;  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation HWns.[  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Q0?\]2eet9  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens "Y`3DxXz  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens rn@`yTw^  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens :_<_[Y]1  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens r#PMy$7L  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness r90+,aLM#?  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Bsf7mcXz7z  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation DVZdClAL  
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    '************************************************************************* EO|:
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 9CGNn+~YI  
    '************************************************************************* K`}{0@ilCw  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0oA{Jix  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity RhI;;
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _3iHkQr  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z tary6K9K+  
    count = 0 i LBvGZ<9  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g3n'aD@'x  
        GetOperation eID, count, op P`4]-5gE  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Z#d&|5Xj  
            DeleteOperation eID,count gie
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            count=count-1 ~na!@<zB{  
        End If tbo>%kn  
        count=count+1 0X8t>#uF  
    Wend k;PA
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    'Set new shift in /StTb,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" c'6g*%2k  
    op.val1 = taq MvLs%GE%  
    op.parent = parID k-V,~c  
    AddOperation eID, op +[@z(N-h  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55
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    '************************************************************************* f|A riM  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Z 2}ah  
    '************************************************************************* Q'l^9Bz  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) (YBMsh  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic vzzE-(\\e  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant mvW%  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `0H g y=  
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    '************************************************************************* >4Y3]6N0.F  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens h2z_,`
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    '************************************************************************* .M,RFC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) -50HB`t  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %98' @$:0  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ~ *:F{  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost i"zuil  
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    '************************************************************************* G)#$]diNuX  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ?7:KphFX)  
    '************************************************************************* rrg96WD  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) v}@xlB=  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) rn DCqv!'P  
    count = 0 ?oZR.D|SZ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7e7 M@8+4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Er/bO  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~pa!w?/bQ  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~/NKw:  
            count=count-1 s &Dg8$  
        End If A[G0 .>Wk  
        count=count+1 |r ue=QZ  
    Wend zX5!vaEv  
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    'Set new z-shift >56>*BHD  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" pZ`|iLNl-  
    op.val1 = tlens bNT9 H`P  
    op.parent = parID ob+euCuJ  
    AddOperation eID, op %1pYEHn  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ]# t6Jwk  
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    '************************************************************************* y"]n:M:(  
    'Lens index of refraction Ehzo05/!  
    '*************************************************************************  zYXV;  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) [dtbkQt,c  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat <Q|d&vDVfV  
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    mat.Nd = nlens (F7(^.MG  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Gm*X'[\DD  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 9nu3+.&P  
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    '************************************************************************* Q{e\}wN  
    'Pupil diameter H>r!i4l  
    '************************************************************************* :akT 'q#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 0$r^C6}f  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6c0>gUQx-  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" F~ Lx|)0M  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "~TA SX_?  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j*xV!DqC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Ym;*Y !~[  
    count = 0 8H[:>;SI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count x8GJY~:SW  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ZiLj=bh  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then J>d.dq>r  
            DeleteOperation eID,count (a9d
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            count=count-1 j,]Y$B  
        End If H@]MXP[_  
        count=count+1 <\?wAjc,  
    Wend R$zH]  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" \h8
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 iQ{G(^sZN  
    op.parent = parID iR"N13  
    AddOperation eID, op r'gOVi4t1*  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam `~eUee3b.~  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description K98i[,rP  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) gv5*!eI  
    GetEntity eID, entity ^n0]dizB  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" @JdZ5Q  
    SetEntity eID, entity YJ$1N!rG  
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    Update hMtf.3S7c  
    Print "DONE!" S*yjee<@  
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End Sub ,AT[@  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： +>JjvYx}\  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 37}D9:#5C  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ?7{H|sI
 
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 $ImrOf^qt  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 qe5feky  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 V^;jJ']  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Z1"
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 irjP>3_e  
Set pupil diameter = 4 4*$G & TX  
DONE! ->N8#XH2=  
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