[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 f0aKlhEC  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 0k(a VkZ I  
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模型 (/*]?Ehd  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 `I5wV/%ib  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Nl(3Xqov  
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光源 <nK?LcP  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Clb@$,  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 \A6B,|@  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ^UhBH@ti  
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视网膜的散射 {Z5nGG  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 [o5Hl^  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 WPG(@zD  
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脚本 #7YY<) xt}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： xDo
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 E6gI,f/p0X  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 K$_0`>[  
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分析 B[-v[K2  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Um-[~-  
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脚本代码 M|`U"vO  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. |CZ@te)>  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY qd)/9*|Jl  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Hi1JLW,  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL zSja/yq  
Dim A As Double }YNR"X9*)/  
Dim pupilDiam As Double qC:raH_:  
Dim eID As Long ,+{LYF  
Dim parID As Long :Ab%g-  
Dim count As Integer 5VAK:eB  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ],a5)kV  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 1@1U/ss1  
Dim ok As Long Rt!FPoN,y  
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Sub Main aV|hCN~  
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    '用户输入对话框 wlk4*4dKn  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 |O9O )o  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 '*w00  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 EYEnN  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ?D*/*Gk{  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ~%=MpQ3  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 v`zJb00DT  
    End Dialog o`P%&  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog R$TB1w9]  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Slher0.Y  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ]d0tE?9  
        Print "Execution cancelled." kDN:ep{/  
        End SO(NVJh  
    End If 1Z
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ^_u kLzP9  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 8b-Q F  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation N<|Nwq:NN  
    Else DB:+E|vSD  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) S` ;?z  
    End If C=It* j55  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ^T$|J;I  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Dg?70v<a  
    Else J)~L   
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) <55g3>X  
    End If DhT>']Z  
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    Print " " fb8g7H|  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" RyK\uv  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" (>GK\=:<  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation L>%o[tS  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness r{ef.^&:  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens % !>I*H  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens "a"]o  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 9Hu/u=vB<  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens V=V:SlS9|  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ^Z#W_R\l  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction yo)%J  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Boz@bl mCB  
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    '************************************************************************* .!,z:l$Kh  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) :Q_<Z@2Y{  
    '************************************************************************* [uls8 "^/j  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Mo @C9Y0  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity *"n vX2iz  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) BT"42#7_  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 9Z'8!$LYg  
    count = 0 ``e$AS  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Pgus42f%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op qt 2d\f  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then D]~MC  
            DeleteOperation eID,count r*_ZJ*h[  
            count=count-1 Z%Zd2 v  
        End If #x3ujJ  
        count=count+1 '-b*EZU8t  
    Wend ?Poq2
 
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    'Set new shift in Yf~{I-|`q  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" .?e\I`Kk^'  
    op.val1 = taq pV,P|>YTf  
    op.parent = parID +d!v}aJ  
    AddOperation eID, op Za8#$`zq  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 J8)#PY[i4  
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    '************************************************************************* Fa_VKAq  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens jR#~I@q^  
    '************************************************************************* /2Bi@syxK  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) wqW0v\  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _}VloiY  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant *@)O7vB  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant s)2fG\1  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens  \qR %%S  
    '************************************************************************* H0R&2#YD  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) VZ](uFBY  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0}xFD6{X  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost e^Ky<*Y  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ]&{ci  
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    '************************************************************************* GSQ/NYK  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) zC:wNz@zK  
    '************************************************************************* j>/ ,
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) fH?ha  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) JiU9CeD3  
    count = 0 { F};n?'  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^~HQC*  
        GetOperation eID, count, op C2w2252T  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &0BdUU+:<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count .eO?Z^  
            count=count-1 wL^%w9q-  
        End If NwR}yb6  
        count=count+1 $4T2z-  
    Wend W|,V50K  
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    'Set new z-shift tpTAeQ*:d  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" TSsKfexQ  
    op.val1 = tlens @b3#X@e}  
    op.parent = parID cl*PFQp9j  
    AddOperation eID, op NAzX". g  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens |s)?cpb  
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    '************************************************************************* \S)2  
    'Lens index of refraction ii0Ce}8d~  
    '************************************************************************* h<\_XJJ  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) zn@N'R/  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 3u\;j; Td!  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ;eZ#bjw-d  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ZB[Qs  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens +EM_TTf4  
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    '************************************************************************* :g\rQazxO  
    'Pupil diameter oq_6L\ ~  
    '************************************************************************* 35x 0T/8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) leiW4Fj  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) =0'q!}._!  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" A;u"<KG?  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens M#@aB"@J>  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .\qj;20
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 9ElCg"  
    count = 0 VNtPKtx\  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count HOp-P8z  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 1Fi86  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then g3%t8O/M  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Ij'NC C  
            count=count-1 JkA|Qdj~Mr  
        End If .M4IGOvOS  
        count=count+1 m2Uc>S  
    Wend N|2y"5  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2`=6%s  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 D=)f )-u'  
    op.parent = parID '?yCq$&  
    AddOperation eID, op t=#Pya  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ARfRsPxr  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 0X(]7b&~R  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) bxXiQa  
    GetEntity eID, entity XO F1c3'H  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" s2
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    SetEntity eID, entity *V;3~x!  
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    Update hD<f3_k  
    Print "DONE!" s-VSH  
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End Sub ~-F?Mc  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： e^$j5jV  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters cUDgM  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm $'[q4wo<  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 rFL$QC2  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 cVq}c?  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 9''p[V.3  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 u&TdWZe  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 3An(jt$%Q  
Set pupil diameter = 4 9F+P@Kp  
DONE! e"+dTq8W  
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