[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 OC-gA}FZ-}  
PB;eHy  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 !;?+>R)h  
Pj}66.  
模型 Cj~'Lhmv'T  
[!!Q,S"  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Tg!m`9s+  
'%q$`KDb  
h1'\:N`  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. EoK~S\dS  
eek7=Z  
光源 ;4Y%PVz~D  
ggJO:$?$L  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 6I@h9uIsze  
;L']e"G  
uj :%#u  
y;s`P.  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 +v=C@2T  
dCRyOid$  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ]]zPq<b2  
Na:w]r:y  
+HBd %1  
:Nz9xD$S5  
视网膜的散射 8ji_#og  
euC&0Ee2  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Ytl4kaYS  
ZMel{w`n  
Z<vKQ4G  
)ubiB^g'm  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 J:Qa5MTWp  
K*~0"F>"0
 
r,h%[JKM  
u:=7l  
脚本 B

]Thn  
)c)vTZy  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： [Al&  
(L/_^!ZX  
"vOwd.(?N  
ev*k*0  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 4rLL[??  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 P
K`D8)=u  
 |'B7v i)  
分析 .=s&EEF  
;IZwTXu!S  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 [D\k^h  
AJF#Aw `o  
/w}u3|L$  
脚本代码 Jcrw#l8|C  
G;l_|8<t#\  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ^SF&=NpV  
kZmpu?P  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY &7K?
w~  
Dim op As T_OPERATION T7hcn
F$  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Qo{/@  
Dim A As Double -#N.X_F  
Dim pupilDiam As Double #Up86(Z  
Dim eID As Long 
heV=)8  
Dim parID As Long ddJe=PUb  
Dim count As Integer <+?7H\b  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ]QlwR'&j/n  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ]H+8rY%+  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 0"28'  
Dim ok As Long j~[z2tV  
jK& h~)  
Sub Main e?
8FN. q  
2{H@(Vgpbr  
    '用户输入对话框 s;01u_  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 7o#I
,
d~  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 G}b]w~ML~  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 LnH?dy  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 @1o/0y"  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 T[UN@^DP(  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 H4&lb}  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 )<h*eS{  
    End Dialog  3KlbP  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog "Q@ronP(~  
P-yjN  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) iJ1"at  
FQ<Ju.  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed / F4z
g3  
        Print "Execution cancelled." MOQ*]fV:  
        End qNB<T('  
    End If R;uvkg[o  
>UiYL}'br6  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty N4F.Y"R$(  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then :LF?  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation v&DI`xn~  
    Else tE<H|_{L  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) cQy2"vtU  
    End If 5q3JI  
lb4Pcdj  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then =
.Pw`.  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter vlmB`T  
    Else 2_HNhW  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ! >(7+B3E*  
    End If jnO9j_CY  
!Xf5e*1IS  
    Print " " t5\-v_mG=&  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" pjKWtY@=X  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" *2pt%eav  
=_JjmTy;a  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation yVU^M?`#  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness V_:1EBzz  
,w<S|#W~+  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens x kx^%3dV  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens @vC4[:"pD}  
-$,TMqM  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens DE}K~}sbd  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens XixL 
R  
Gw/Pk4R  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 36}?dRw#p  
}
7|1  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction )B"jF>9)[  
oK6tTK  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation eenH0Ovv  
|mxDjgq  
    '************************************************************************* aL+ o /  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 44ek IV+?  
    '************************************************************************* ?PuBa`zDE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ZCMw3]*  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity h5*JkRm  
!"?#6-,Xn  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !#], hok8X  
eBZXI)pPh  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z R1adWBD>  
    count = 0 Q|S.R1L^  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B3pCy~*5  
        GetOperation eID, count, op "h{q#~s  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !E<[JM  
            DeleteOperation eID,count `x+ B+)0X  
            count=count-1 =)0,#9k U]  
        End If *v;2PP[^  
        count=count+1 'nzg6^I7g  
    Wend 8g@<d^8@  
Sq>dt[7  
    'Set new shift in Xb|:vr\v  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" LM:vsG  
    op.val1 = taq K[I=6  
    op.parent = parID 27eooY1  
    AddOperation eID, op /hr7NT{e%v  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 f',Op1o  
}*M6x;t  
    '************************************************************************* <T` 7%$/E  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ne>pOK<vZ  
    '************************************************************************* 0.`/X66;V  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) TH%Qhv\]  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $SlIr<'*"  
wL+s8#{  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Q:2>}Qg
X}  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant D$w6V  
nHM
~  
    '************************************************************************* zU5v /'h>d  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens (ZS}G8  
    '************************************************************************* Lu?C-$a C  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) [T8WThs  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic =:xW>@bh|  
aB_F9;IR  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 1T"`vtR  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost vLv@&l
MW  
Xpr?Kgz  
    '************************************************************************* XQY#716)  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) QmQ=q7  
    '************************************************************************* A!od9W6  

ui<N[  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) H`*LBqDk  
3atBX5  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) D#_3^Kiawj  
    count = 0 5#HW2"7  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .M qP_Z',  
        GetOperation eID, count, op GSoX<*i  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then UE8kpa)cQ  
            DeleteOperation eID,count `LrHKb aP  
            count=count-1 ahJ`T*)
HY  
        End If L^r#o-H<  
        count=count+1 aZH:#lUlj  
    Wend (of#(I[
m7  
]Z>}6!  
    'Set new z-shift TJ2=m9Z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" P@,XEQRd`  
    op.val1 = tlens |tKsgj  
    op.parent = parID ]3D0R;  
    AddOperation eID, op BGvre'67  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens S(k3 `;K  
=rMUov h  
    '************************************************************************* pd:WEI ,  
    'Lens index of refraction piJu+tUy  
    '************************************************************************* r)Ma3FL0;  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) G0CW}e@)  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat [u =+3b  
8+~ >E  
    mat.Nd = nlens '*Z1tDFS  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat cutuDZ  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ?j'7l=94A  
?fQ'^agq  
    '************************************************************************* TEP,Dq  
    'Pupil diameter Y[ j6u\y  
    '************************************************************************* TYy?KG>:'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 9>=;FY  
h}>"j%I  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) O\ GEay2  
Ryl:a\  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" )\1@V+!E%  
[meO[otb  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens o8 IL$:  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t=BUN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) sZ3KT&  
    count = 0 IY_iB*T3jt  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count sv2A-Dld  
        GetOperation eID, count, op mu\6z_e  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1NbG>E#Ol  
            DeleteOperation eID,count fJ=
0HNmX  
            count=count-1 cb@?}(aFl  
        End If fZ6MSAh  
        count=count+1 `vU%*g&R  
    Wend Y@NNrGDkT*  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Rm2yPuOU}A  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 im${3>26  
    op.parent = parID SUMrFd~  
    AddOperation eID, op N,<uf@LQ  
/?wtF4  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam kS%Ydy#:'  
TCMCK_SQL  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description >>QY'1Eu  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l94b^W}1)W  
    GetEntity eID, entity HNb/-e ,"  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ~Sdb_EZ  
    SetEntity eID, entity <3oWEm  
aKJwofD  
    Update R]JT&p|w.1  
    Print "DONE!" vRznw&^E
 
     pg6cF  
End Sub EW}Bzh>b  
R &nPj~  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： *-#&K\  
SDC4L <!  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters }cM}Oavh  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm \9.bt:k@OT  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 |+{)_?  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 fIM,lt  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Vk`h2BV  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 9,c(ys
v"  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 O5!7'RZ  
Set pupil diameter = 4 _aq8@E~  
DONE! T*I{WW  
W4t;{b  
?#Ge.D~u  
QQ：2987619807 Ah1]Y}sy