[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ek[kq[U9  
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模型 @\~tHJ?hQd  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 bag&BHw  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 1D$::{h  
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光源 g+9v$[!  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 /Ri,>}n  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 d +xA:  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ja75c~RUw  
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视网膜的散射 6+Jry@  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 "!a`ygqpT  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 hBoP=X.~  
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脚本 |1i]L@&  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 7&px+155  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 U,38qKE  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 bHJoEYY^  
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分析 08O7F  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 u&tFb]1@)  
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脚本代码 a!?.F_T9A  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. )+*{Y$/U  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY $kIo4$.Y$  
Dim op As T_OPERATION T|!D>l'  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL [='p!7z  
Dim A As Double bz$Qk;m=H  
Dim pupilDiam As Double h*G#<M  
Dim eID As Long h
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Dim parID As Long =tNzGaWJ  
Dim count As Integer joY1(Y  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double K Ka c6Zj  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double E;xMPK$  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double u2\+?`Ox  
Dim ok As Long KCl &H  
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Sub Main VkWO}  
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    '用户输入对话框 X:R%1+&*  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 y%2%^wF  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |GuKU!  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 2|$lk8/,  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 D>ojW|@}  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Z6NJ)XQy6F  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 `(!W s\:  
    End Dialog >/8ru*Oc  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog u>81dO]H  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) XynU/Go,  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Gee~>:_Q{J  
        Print "Execution cancelled." "$]ls9-%n  
        End HgYc@P*b  
    End If &K+  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Q^[e/U,  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then p "/(>8  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation KlY,NSlQ  
    Else 2]2{&bu  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) LjSLg[i  
    End If qo)Q}0  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then V+peO  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter z~BD(FDI  
    Else
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ? 7/W>  
    End If t8t}7XD   
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    Print " " &t~zD4u B  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Sjw2 j#Q  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" wT
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation C usV
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness lTxY6vi  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens kw6cFz  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens r hiS  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens j|&{e91,?  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens l#X=]xQf  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness XC*uz  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction +R2^* *<  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation BO?mQu~  
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    '************************************************************************* [B}1z  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) !S~,>,y
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    '************************************************************************* }5fU7&jA;3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) hZp=BM"bJ  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity <^CYxy  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }%-UL{3%
 
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z V<7R_}^_7  
    count = 0 fKPiRlLS  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ZmEG<T05  
        GetOperation eID, count, op x?%rx}h  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \?bwm&6+r  
            DeleteOperation eID,count R2Twm!1  
            count=count-1 g,00'z_D  
        End If }s`jl``PM  
        count=count+1 Ul'~opf  
    Wend S1D9AcK  
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    'Set new shift in 4(` 2#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" w^ixMn~nLF  
    op.val1 = taq ArNur~  
    op.parent = parID iifc;62  
    AddOperation eID, op :'5G_4y)h  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ?D RFsA  
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    '************************************************************************* *4(/t$)pEl  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ^/_\etV  
    '************************************************************************* r!{w93rPX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) y+K7WUwhq  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic )z]q"s5 Y  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant "wT~$I"  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Ov$N"  
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    '************************************************************************* uvu**s  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens o~i]W.SI(  
    '************************************************************************* o7_MM
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ?RgU6/2  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic +zFV~]b  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost K^!e-Xi6  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost "|.+L  
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    '************************************************************************* OmTZ-*N  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) pm'@2dT  
    '************************************************************************* TEaD-mY3  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,Az`6PW  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) -V;0_Nx7p  
    count = 0 8
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,xtKPA  
        GetOperation eID, count, op U/1[~429  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %nDPM? aO  
            DeleteOperation eID,count H6%!v1 u  
            count=count-1 O?C-nw6kP  
        End If z:r
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        count=count+1 D,}'E0  
    Wend ps!5HZ2:  
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    'Set new z-shift 3<zTkI  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" b*'=W"%\  
    op.val1 = tlens _V_8p)%  
    op.parent = parID 5UrXVdP  
    AddOperation eID, op H0D>A<Ue  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens W%cj39$  
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    '************************************************************************* g:.,}L  
    'Lens index of refraction c:?#zX  
    '************************************************************************* \J,- <wF  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) |"Xi%CQ2  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat |l6<GWG+  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 5I8FD".i  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat s%L" c  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens xu%! b0  
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    '************************************************************************* >?G|Yz*kEJ  
    'Pupil diameter }Ll3AR7\  
    '************************************************************************* lry&)G=5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ? !oVf>  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) A/$K
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ~q8V<@?  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens MuFU?3ovG*  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~*' 8=D?)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) c5=v
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    count = 0 P[#WHbn  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h-2E9Z  
        GetOperation eID, count, op PBAz`y2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then j?f,~Y<k  
            DeleteOperation eID,count *&hXJJ[+  
            count=count-1 ^EuyvftZ  
        End If /8$1[[[  
        count=count+1 r_g\_y7ua  
    Wend WB=<W#?w7%  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _ntW}})K  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 *xv/b=  
    op.parent = parID p+`*~6Jj/  
    AddOperation eID, op px [1#*  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam t5X^(@q4N  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description S,"ChR  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }<\65 B$1  
    GetEntity eID, entity ,syA()  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" /ie3H,2  
    SetEntity eID, entity Iu1Sj`A  
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    Update ,8J*S  
    Print "DONE!" ,3@15j  
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End Sub Z z;<P  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： E9Xk8w'+  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters !(ux.T0  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ]!tYrSM!  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Za:BJ:  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 }%>$}4 ,  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 )(ZPSg$/F  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 >nIcFm  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 8v)~J}[Bz  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ^pQ;0[9Y0  
DONE! "PX3%II  
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