[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ?~:4O}5Ax  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 V+$^
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模型 o#Viz:  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 cr`NHl/XF  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 5%jy7)8C  
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光源 u~~H'*EM  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。  ?8/T#ox  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 W]oILL"d  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 lD#S:HX  
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视网膜的散射 eyzXHS*s;L  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 j0~dJ#  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 }3/|;0j$  
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脚本 XE$;Z'Qhjm  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： +&4@HHU{G  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 pHzl/b8  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 wD92Ava   
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分析 ?BRZ){)  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ?P;=_~X  
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脚本代码 ()ww9L2  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 4xF}rm  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY OyQ[}w3o|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION KP_7h/e  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 6Z5$cR_vC7  
Dim A As Double sitgz)Ki^  
Dim pupilDiam As Double d~KTUgH'<  
Dim eID As Long RREl($$p  
Dim parID As Long }Xb|Ur43  
Dim count As Integer XPLm`Q|1#t  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double : cPV08i  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 7[1VFc#tf  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double >@EwfM4[e  
Dim ok As Long 63'L58O  
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Sub Main bsc#Oq]  
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    '用户输入对话框 .Ms$)1  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @QDUz>_y  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 mr,GHx  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 #n+sbx5~
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ;?Q0mXr  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 {<zE}7/2-  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 1 J[z ![Tf  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 >:OP+Vc  
    End Dialog I5E5,{  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog uT YG/O  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) |M EJ)LE7  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed gX(8V*os^  
        Print "Execution cancelled." -|
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        End c^R "g)gr  
    End If 212 =+k  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty (L!u[e0[#  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then /U>8vV+C  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation #fFD|q  
    Else eGUe#(I /  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1)

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    End If m|[cEZxHB  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then <)+;Bg  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ;1k_J~Qei  
    Else OA7=kH@3c  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 2|`~3B)#  
    End If sA }X)aP  
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    Print " " akQb%Wq  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" \\/ !I   
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" hP/uS%X   
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation E8o9ufj3  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness s%
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens we?t/YB=  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens x!onan  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens UHDcheeRD  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens '=IuwCB|;  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness "?YpF2pD  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction DE?@8k  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation [{J1b  
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    '************************************************************************* !p)cP"fa  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) * =O@D2g0  
    '************************************************************************* t;[Q&Jl  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) hy:K) _   
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 73M;-qnU  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1xwq:vFC.  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z .gI9jRdKw  
    count = 0 gOk^("@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count gwYTOs^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,]?l(H $x'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @HXX
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            DeleteOperation eID,count taOsC!Bp  
            count=count-1 8\Eq(o}7  
        End If OZh+x`' #  
        count=count+1 dGc>EZSdj  
    Wend $w<~W1\:  
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    'Set new shift in p|w;StLy  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" WTh|7&  
    op.val1 = taq o6 [i0S  
    op.parent = parID yM34GS=,J  
    AddOperation eID, op /XW,H0pR  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 KL*UU,qU  
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    '************************************************************************* z~a]dMs"(P  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]%%cc  
    '************************************************************************* O4 Y;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 6d/b*,4[  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 3!B
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant dzMI5fA<_  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ts0K"xmY\c  
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    '************************************************************************* cl-i6[F  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens S[M\com'  
    '************************************************************************* Jh:-<xy)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 5*>3(U  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %25_  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost AuYi$?8|5  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost [G|2m_  
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    '************************************************************************* `o*g2fW!  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Dy^4^ J5+  
    '************************************************************************* 3/@'tLtN  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) _mL9G5~r  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) {1YT a:evl  
    count = 0 +=@Z5eu  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count z:R2Wksg  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &f qmO>M  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then
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            DeleteOperation eID,count fhn
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            count=count-1 o6KBJx  
        End If U>x2'B v  
        count=count+1 z_l3=7R  
    Wend z(orA} [  
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    'Set new z-shift JT^E`<nn  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" )x|BY>  
    op.val1 = tlens 7<^D7  
    op.parent = parID n7q-)Dv_U  
    AddOperation eID, op PvT8XSlTx!  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens M7Hk54U+t  
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    '************************************************************************* ;+b}@e  
    'Lens index of refraction @7^#_772  
    '************************************************************************* khv!\^&DD  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) }\DQxHG  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat v,i:vT\~  
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    mat.Nd = nlens YJ16vb9  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat '/ &"  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens fF[g%?w  
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    '************************************************************************* A^p $~e\)  
    'Pupil diameter B?%D  
    '************************************************************************* D
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ^:)&KV8D|  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) c\b>4 &n  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" iRVLo~  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens gq@."wHU  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6~/H#8Kdn  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) QF>[cdl?8  
    count = 0 t@HE.h  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v/haUPWF\  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Hf-F-~E  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then hB+ t pa  
            DeleteOperation eID,count TnaIRJ\B  
            count=count-1 Elq8WtS  
        End If )nk>*oE  
        count=count+1 ~3YNHm6V  
    Wend K/,lw~>  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" N_DgnZ7*  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 &4[iC/}  
    op.parent = parID A{o{o++  
    AddOperation eID, op M#>GU<4"  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam '~cEdGD9H  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description g0U ?s  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) TatyD**(  
    GetEntity eID, entity I(CI')Q  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" #?=cg]v_  
    SetEntity eID, entity Jr9}'l8  
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    Update MnI $%  
    Print "DONE!" .2P?1H
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End Sub ^Bb_NcU  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： >g2B5K
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 7GUJ&U)J  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm !tdfTf$  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 xVyUUzXs  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 %E\%nTV  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 yBj)#m5!  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 B# fzMaC  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 z)~!G~J]  
Set pupil diameter = 4 3$cF)5Vf  
DONE! a=FRJQ8S  
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