[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ;[R{oW Nw  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ^%@(>:)0  
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模型 C_rlbl;T  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 :EJ+#  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. U;<07 aMj  
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光源 P3jDx{F  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Z 7rVM  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 '#mv-/<t*  
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视网膜的散射 6}
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 :8cp]vdW
 
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ~:~-AXaMT  
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脚本  u;R<  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： |dcRDOTe  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 .Az'THD}  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 V+j58Wuf  
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分析 :Lu=t3#  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 [+<lm 5t  

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脚本代码 T<1*R>el  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. :!H]gC 4  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Gxx:<`[ON  
Dim op As T_OPERATION YTP6m9hA+  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL vDl6TKXcu  
Dim A As Double Rg@W0Bc)  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Nr 5h%<`I  
Dim eID As Long Sxo9y0K8-  
Dim parID As Long 7~(|q2ib  
Dim count As Integer <d!_.f}v  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double &!7{2E\7C  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double !jZXh1g%  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double F} d>pK9fn  
Dim ok As Long aF2vw{wT}  
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Sub Main CJ0
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    '用户输入对话框 N0TEVDsk  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 &+]x  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 NbG`v@yH  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Z#w@ /!"}T  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ,FWC|uM"  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21  {oQ.y  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 *UM
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 3zi(|B[,?  
    End Dialog Y)="of  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog DPIIE2X  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ~m4{GzB  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed qRy<W  
        Print "Execution cancelled." m^hi}Am1  
        End =^  
    End If ,|RS]I>X  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty [wKnJu  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then NJ" d`  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation |j3fS[.$  
    Else !@2L g  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) v(PwE B]  
    End If L#)F00/`  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then @nIoYT='  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Ci{
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    Else \jlem<&  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 9k5$rK`  
    End If EtVRnI@  
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    Print " " %=C49(/K_  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" DK-V3}`q}  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Ih_2")d
  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation p%MH**A  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens E RnuM  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens (- ]A1WQ?  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens P'wn$WE[n\  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens btb$C  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness <K6:"  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ^o;f~6#17  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation AHa%?wb  
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    '************************************************************************* 3}U {~l!K  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) >b6!*Lrhs  
    '************************************************************************* Ab| tE5%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) RXo!K iQO  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 6 GL.bS  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) hT c VMc  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z rUg<(/c  
    count = 0 /Mac:;W`  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count >%x N?%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op G{wIY"~4  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -o\o{?t,  
            DeleteOperation eID,count CJn{tP  
            count=count-1 c,wYXnJ_t  
        End If :K-05$K  
        count=count+1 ihv=y\Jt  
    Wend rG
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    'Set new shift in !&8nwOG  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" m{dXN=  
    op.val1 = taq Ib8*rL0p<L  
    op.parent = parID A>C&`A=-  
    AddOperation eID, op 2hD(zUSy  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 2N)siH  
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    '************************************************************************* :>y?B!=  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens SVJL|S3k  
    '************************************************************************* ^`BiA'gPPC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) @y"/hh_?  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Z4&,KrV  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant [2WJ];FJ  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant NU]+ {7  
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    '************************************************************************* [9hslk  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens D90.z"N\i9  
    '************************************************************************* 1KHFzx,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) /b|V=j}W  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic G}|!Jdr  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost x6h';W_ 8  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost SC Qr/Q  
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    '************************************************************************* ZmXO3,sf)  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) t\GoUeH]  
    '************************************************************************* RWX?B  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) x/<eY<Vgm?  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 4Go$OQ`  
    count = 0 -za+Wa`vH  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g-4m
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        GetOperation eID, count, op .eNeqC  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :kQ%Mj>
  
            DeleteOperation eID,count |.
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            count=count-1 ?o>JX.Nl&7  
        End If fRt`]o:Om  
        count=count+1 Xur{nk~?  
    Wend 6d# 7  
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    'Set new z-shift b+4x2{  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" rDD,eNjG  
    op.val1 = tlens [iO*t,3@h  
    op.parent = parID qV7F=1k]  
    AddOperation eID, op 4qYT
  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 8:9/RL\"x  
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    '************************************************************************* K6z)&<  
    'Lens index of refraction ;YfKG8(0  
    '************************************************************************* ,E._A(Z  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) "p"M9P'  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat \nzaF4+$  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ;^"#3_7T]  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens KAFx^JLo  
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    '************************************************************************* ]di^H
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    'Pupil diameter o-}q|tD$<  
    '************************************************************************* ; *ZiH%q,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) =>0G
 
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ,q".d =6  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" yu.N>[=  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 8q"C=t7  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -#y^$$i0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #;lB5) oe  
    count = 0 [ U`})  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Y+ Qm.  
        GetOperation eID, count, op -qDM(zR  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 
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            DeleteOperation eID,count ;,2;J3,pA  
            count=count-1 0]u=GD%  
        End If U#mrbW  
        count=count+1 .B?J@,  
    Wend *?`<
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" JA]qAr  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 r.vezsH  
    op.parent = parID FWb`F&  
    AddOperation eID, op 5;:964Et  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Be4n\c.  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description W*!u_]K>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1=^edQ+  
    GetEntity eID, entity &f"kWOe$X  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" h4,S/n  
    SetEntity eID, entity 7.!`c-8 u  
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    Update 9`| ^cL*6  
    Print "DONE!" 8)m  
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End Sub ;
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： IS[&V&.n  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters PpWn+''M  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm +}Q@
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 vbMt}bM(GD  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869  cq,8^o&  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 e<E]8GAF  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 sR*.i?lN  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 G8hq;W4@]/  
Set pupil diameter = 4 +H `FC  
DONE! =(\xe| Q  
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QQ：2987619807 #$*l#j"#A