[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 9DmFa5E
 
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模型 'A,)PZL9i  

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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 6@VgLa,  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. +} y"S-  
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光源 ]wUH*\(y  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 t[ZGY,8  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 WIN3*z7oW  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 2;x+#D8  
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视网膜的散射 ?ph>:M  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 xKkXr-yb`f  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 9TbbIP1  
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脚本 L9]d$ r"  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： J$d']%Dwb  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 /I:&P Pff  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 [{: l?  

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分析 Lf`<4 P  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 *-S?bv,T'  
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脚本代码 A1*\ \[  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. h@TP=  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY #|T2`uYotf  
Dim op As T_OPERATION P26"z))~d  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Pj_*,L`mZ  
Dim A As Double '.jYu7   
Dim pupilDiam As Double @)wsHW%cjz  
Dim eID As Long =mSu^q(l  
Dim parID As Long \uO^wJ}  
Dim count As Integer vpC?JXz=H  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double LQR^lD+_=  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double "ji+~%`^[t  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double q7I!wD9Cff  
Dim ok As Long bn7g!2  
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Sub Main Xpt9$=d  
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    '用户输入对话框 4_# (y^9  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 //RD$e?h~  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 *U$%mZS]1  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 8c>xgFWp9  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Vt,P.CfdC  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Xkk 8#Y
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ;%k C?Vzi  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 D]5j?X'  
    End Dialog YI`BA`BQ8  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog xo2jfz  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) $/$Hi U`.  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 2H`>Kj  
        Print "Execution cancelled." y0p\Gu;3j  
        End )[u'LgVN/L  
    End If FlUO3rc|  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty dn:\V?9  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then jeB"j  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 7#SfuZ0@  
    Else  d^zuo  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) abCxB^5VL  
    End If H7k@Br  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 3sW!ya-VZ  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter J#q^CWN3R  
    Else |>1#)cONW  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ,`YIcr
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    End If @sW!g;\T  
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    Print " " 5X9Lh_p  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" &aa3BgxyE  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" i29a1nD4Hm  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 4Xww(5?3
  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness TQPrOs?  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens fJ6Q:7  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens U9*< dR  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens S]Di1E^r;_  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens hztqZ:  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness {[hgSVN;  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction %|1s9?h7\  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation \ H#"  
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    '************************************************************************* mx}4iO:Xp  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) L"NfOST3'R  
    '************************************************************************* l;&kX6 w  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )jt?X}  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity kP5G}Bp  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) C\vOxBAB  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z mlUj%:Gm#  
    count = 0 rl&.|;5uH;  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count atmW? Z  
        GetOperation eID, count, op K4+|K:e  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then P2|+7D:  
            DeleteOperation eID,count -yTIv*y  
            count=count-1 wh2E$b(-  
        End If JG7K-W|!c  
        count=count+1 N R4\TU  
    Wend F2
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    'Set new shift in g!o2vTt5  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" euW   
    op.val1 = taq ^HtB!Xc  
    op.parent = parID `e?~c'a@  
    AddOperation eID, op ^4'!B +}F  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Qw }1mRv  
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    '************************************************************************* 8?x:PkK  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ?Zk;NL9  
    '************************************************************************* jA[")RV
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Zm7,O8  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic U0srwt97S  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant %DA`.Z9#  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 0 0|!g"E>$  
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    '************************************************************************* t7sEY  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens x5Fo?E  
    '************************************************************************* kHhku!CH  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) rLA-q||  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *[BtW56-  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost G007[|  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost rKd|s7l  
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    '************************************************************************* 0IA'5)  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) )0"T?Ivp]  
    '************************************************************************* }UQ,B  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0vBQzM Q  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) v&3"(fp
 
    count = 0 JnIG;/  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :XPat93w  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,8d&uR}x  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then z"QXPIXPk  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [?;L  
            count=count-1 B., BP  
        End If Ro<x#Uo  
        count=count+1 ?4Fev_5m
  
    Wend VB T66kV  
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    'Set new z-shift QnS#"hc\a  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _@gg,2 u-  
    op.val1 = tlens |$ZS26aYw}  
    op.parent = parID _`0DO4IU  
    AddOperation eID, op jG)66E*"  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens J$sp6g>K  
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    '************************************************************************* Q)qJ6-R|HD  
    'Lens index of refraction M"u=)CT  
    '************************************************************************* ]#rV]As  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) !|]k2=+I  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat qLc&.O.=  
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    mat.Nd = nlens a2i:fz=[  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat QZa^Cng~  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens d(R8^v/L  
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    '************************************************************************* rg]b$tL~  
    'Pupil diameter Tyb'p9  
    '************************************************************************* aRI.&
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,1lW`Krx  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) -eS r  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" "&^KnWk=  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens R\#5;W^  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &TrL!9FtJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) .pm%qEh  
    count = 0 TL7qOA7^X  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0Q,Tcj  
        GetOperation eID, count, op a>,_o(]cW  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /Dt:4{aTOC  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [Fk|m1i!  
            count=count-1 >TawJ"q-6R  
        End If YN:Sn\`D 8  
        count=count+1 ^gpd '*b
 
    Wend 6cbV[!BL  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" TeR
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 T?.l_"%%d  
    op.parent = parID KZ^>_K&  
    AddOperation eID, op EGFPv'De  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam {Dy,|}7s  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ,pf\g[tz  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) QyZ'%T5J  
    GetEntity eID, entity sE|8a  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ;b=7m#5  
    SetEntity eID, entity HJpx,NU'  
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    Update k*F9&-rtN  
    Print "DONE!" |o(te  
    
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End Sub
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： aYHs35  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters  :fy,%su  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ^(7l!  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 pI>GusXg  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Tkp"mT v?<  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 <pS#wTsN4%  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 F*Yx1vj  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 hg'eSU$J  
Set pupil diameter = 4 0D `9  
DONE! \RFA?PuY  
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