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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 pa3{8x{9m  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 gPO}d  
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    模型 @n /nH?L  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 P|E| $)m  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 2MIi=c:oqK  
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    光源 7Q9 w?y~c  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 P3=G1=47U  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 lfgq=8d  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 8kIksy  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 3;9^  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 eM6<%?b  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ^z*t%<@[Q  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 uH^-R_tQ  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 O0v}43J [  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 9.-S(ZO  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 /{_:{G!Q0  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 hn@08t G  
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    分析 /,yd+wcW#  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 7n<{tM  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 _V6ukd"B~  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. k4;7<j$ir  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY [z{1*Xc  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION tyFzSrfc  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL XpHrt XD  
    Dim A As Double #;yZ  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double wi=v}R_  
    Dim eID As Long gwMNYMI  
    Dim parID As Long P= NDS2  
    Dim count As Integer lL3U8}vn  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double bY:x8fl  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double m:2^= l4  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double u*`GiZAO  
    Dim ok As Long )ez9"# MH'  
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    Sub Main 0GeTS Fj  
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        '用户输入对话框 gM:".Ee  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ~c `l@:  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 zrb}_  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 NBGH_6DROw  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Wne@<+mX  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 6i/(5 nQ  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 }|=|s f  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 |CyE5i0  
        End Dialog sPIn|d  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog a:w#s}bL  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) =Xr.'(U  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ?Ir:g=RP*  
            Print "Execution cancelled." WNtW|I V  
            End dy[X3jQB  
        End If -iZ`Y?  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty D0f]$  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ;2QP7PrSY  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation w}L[u r;I_  
        Else es7=%!0  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) @r1_U,0e  
        End If ?:0Jav  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Z% UP6%  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter >A"(KSNL  
        Else G3T]`Atf  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Q~9^{sHZjP  
        End If ]`WJOx4  
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        Print " " ;O,jUiQ  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" %WS+(0*1  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" @H8EWTZ  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation vl)l'  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness *o ix6  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 9M c ae 31  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens lyhiFkO iH  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens a 1*p*dM#  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens oXgcc*j  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness uyx 2;f  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction G3v5KmT  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation [2cD:JL  
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        '************************************************************************* Flb&B1  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) c&Q$L }  
        '************************************************************************* I%Z  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) O#r%>;3*  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity <OPArht  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) cB&:z)i4  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ybUaTD@?}b  
        count = 0 u]@['7  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &cTU sK  
            GetOperation eID, count, op kG*~ |ma  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then +"@ .8m  
                DeleteOperation eID,count RG`1en  
                count=count-1 FN73+-:n:j  
            End If @KAI4LP  
            count=count+1 ? =+WRjF  
        Wend 9nbLg5P  
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        'Set new shift in #$y?v%^  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ehY5!D1Q  
        op.val1 = taq vfo~27T{(  
        op.parent = parID ?z u8)U  
        AddOperation eID, op Z%\,w(o[h  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 A5w6]:f2  
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        '************************************************************************* v.5+7,4  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens `9.r`&T6K  
        '************************************************************************* PFK  '$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) T]p-0?=4vv  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;A!BVq  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant #3d(M  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant >&k-'`Nw  
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        '************************************************************************* -Y;3I00(  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens L j$;:/G  
        '************************************************************************* `y* }lg T  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) :eLVC7'  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic &jr3B;g!C  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost s"?3]P  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9~YMyg(Z  
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        '************************************************************************* b<u3 hln%,  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) WOf 4o  
        '************************************************************************* C{wEzM :  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) }4S6Xe  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) uRe'%?W  
        count = 0 k-""_WJ~^  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Pr,q*_Yy  
            GetOperation eID, count, op NW)1#]gg%  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3DG_QVg^v  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ^y4Z+Gu[  
                count=count-1 S#[j )U-  
            End If 5nVt[Puw  
            count=count+1 /JU.?M35  
        Wend ]jRfH(i  
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        'Set new z-shift c_l"I9M#r  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" {cw /!B  
        op.val1 = tlens EAby?51+  
        op.parent = parID f'3$9x  
        AddOperation eID, op _n\GNUA  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ?@ $r  
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        '************************************************************************* Q.c\/&  
        'Lens index of refraction @!d{bQd,  
        '************************************************************************* J!7MZL b  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 9k[9P;"F:  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat !_Z&a  
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        mat.Nd = nlens -;k+GrLr^  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 2T[9f;jM'  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens t5IEQ2  
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        '************************************************************************* Yp2eBgo"  
        'Pupil diameter Nu~lsWyRI5  
        '************************************************************************* 8|58 H  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) VTHH&$ZNq  
    j^2j& Ta  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 2gVm9gAHUd  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" I[X772K  
    3%=~) 7cF  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens {U !g.rh  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Tc3yS(aq  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Z>#i**  
        count = 0 LvYB7<zk>  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count b9dLt6d  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ^@NU}S):yN  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then V,N%;iB}  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ! #2{hQRu  
                count=count-1 Y% 5eZ=z  
            End If 4)o  
            count=count+1 0h7r&t%YsV  
        Wend SGlNKA},A  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" vd4ytC  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 l_%6  
        op.parent = parID 0>Z_*U~6  
        AddOperation eID, op %vi<Ase g  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 4d;8`66O  
    8E]F$.6U  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description W X6&oy>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) kt$jm)UI~l  
        GetEntity eID, entity 0v$~90)  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" c=.(!qdH  
        SetEntity eID, entity e'b(gD}  
    #$qTFN  
        Update <B8!.|19  
        Print "DONE!" AbmAKA@  
         pBA7,z"`mP  
    End Sub ;q6Ki.D  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: h2 ;F  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters fMyti$1~  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm -5QZJF2~  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 S\!ana])  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ;cN{a&  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 I83<r9  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 r<Kx0`y  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 \&gB)czEO  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 j^rIH#V   
    DONE! i9][N5\$  
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