[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 MUO<o  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 [3Pp NCY  
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模型 KK){/I=z  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Ld4U  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. CU'JvVe3  
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光源 #BC"bY  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 `o[l%I\Q  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 z3oi(  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 :xd;=;q5  
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视网膜的散射 ekM? '9ez  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 [q<'ty  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 #Y'eS'lv4  
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脚本 T$4{fhV \  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： __=H"UhWv  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ).T&fa"  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 *ByHTd  
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分析 ^Q6J$"Tj  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 \br!77  
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脚本代码 ^D yw(>9  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 1!#85SMx  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY %)ho<z:7U  
Dim op As T_OPERATION dG\wW@}J  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL LQ+/|_(.  
Dim A As Double `Q]N]mK  
Dim pupilDiam As Double f:c'j`  
Dim eID As Long F:{*4b  
Dim parID As Long k+<945kC  
Dim count As Integer Hbm 4oYN  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double %fS9F^AK  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double \}jMC  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double lj4Fg*/Yn  
Dim ok As Long h$cm:uks  
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Sub Main d,<ni"  
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    '用户输入对话框 P4zo[R%4  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 oA1_W).wJ  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 D3pz69W  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 G\.~/<Mg+  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 0|3I^b  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ~9X^3.nI  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 q z)2a2C  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 |,8z"g  
    End Dialog tvkdNMyX%9  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog O-iE0t  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) L/3A g* ]  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed RLF&-[mr3  
        Print "Execution cancelled." "oP^2|${  
        End tbrU>KCBD  
    End If )S
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty -,bFGTvYQ  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then !_W:%t)g  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ou,[0B3n0  
    Else exRw, Nk4  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) % rBzA<  
    End If %sa?/pjK  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then b)wcGBS  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter m5Bf<E,c  
    Else (?FH`<  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) JsEJ6!1  
    End If Q|y}mC/  
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    Print " " \Z{tC$|H  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" iL/
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ycA<l"  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 05UN <l]  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness i~B?p[  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens -D^I;[j_  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens sXLW';Fz  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens *k?:k78L  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens mz?<t/$U  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness :e1h!G  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction dSI"yz  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Mz+I YP`L  
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    '************************************************************************* g[xoS\d  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) # :+Nr  
    '************************************************************************* |x[I!I7.F  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 3:nhZN/95T  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ?0qVyK_
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _[:6.oNjIe  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z $QbJT`,mr  
    count = 0 `kKssU<  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count LKN7Lkl  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `Fqth^RK?p  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5(;Y&?k  
            DeleteOperation eID,count D?Oe";"/  
            count=count-1 .
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        End If pyEQb#  
        count=count+1 EEe$A?a;  
    Wend %0\@\fC41  
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    'Set new shift in Y;w|Fvjj+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" kUBE+a6#  
    op.val1 = taq l5z//E}W  
    op.parent = parID RhYe=Qh4{p  
    AddOperation eID, op *tjaac;z<J  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 +%5L2/n7  
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    '************************************************************************* ,%!m%+K9a  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens XG#?fr}L  
    '************************************************************************* w4 yrAj 2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 14$%v;Su4  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /R&`]9].s  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Lf_Y4a#  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant wm@m(ArE=  
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    '************************************************************************* M+"6VtZH  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ;<~f-D,  
    '************************************************************************* E}wT5t;u  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) lHiWzt u  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic bRo<~ rp%  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost e;i 6C%DB  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost }L0 [Jo:  
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    '************************************************************************* pPL=(9d  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) |v+z*}fKw  
    '************************************************************************* TX)W.2u=  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) AA\)BNM
 
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) .2I?^w&j+  
    count = 0 #-|fdcb  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |E~c#lV  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ?N4FB*x  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *eg0^ByeD  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Xg~9<BGsi  
            count=count-1 l
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        End If jCY
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        count=count+1 >H+tZV  
    Wend QN*|_H@h  
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    'Set new z-shift $9%F1:u  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" NX\AQVy9  
    op.val1 = tlens 8#!g;`~ D  
    op.parent = parID ?j&hG|W9<z  
    AddOperation eID, op tR51Pw  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens -9vNV:c  
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    '************************************************************************* DE.].FD
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    'Lens index of refraction G#[A'tbKk  
    '************************************************************************* ,h=a+ja8  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) P'wo+Tn*  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat L#SW!  
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    mat.Nd = nlens (IV\sY  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 6uD<E  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens BP..p ^EPN  
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    '************************************************************************* JuZkE9C,${  
    'Pupil diameter 4T@+gy^.  
    '************************************************************************* U/'l"N[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) $e1.y b%  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) bci]"uzB  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" gaN/ kp  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens *AV%=  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Cu`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) % PzkVs  
    count = 0 z~2{`pET  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count J2}poNmm  
        GetOperation eID, count, op e^lX|L>o  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 
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            DeleteOperation eID,count o2dO\$'  
            count=count-1 k.C&6*l!5;  
        End If nA0%M1a  
        count=count+1 %%ouf06.|  
    Wend %Bw:6Y4LZ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" t+w{uwEY  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 X<5fn+{]S:  
    op.parent = parID ]AQ}_dRi=  
    AddOperation eID, op id" `o  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam N!c FUZ5]  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description @%fTdneH  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j4,y+9U  
    GetEntity eID, entity 0g30nr)  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" :%& E58  
    SetEntity eID, entity qkKl;Z?Y:  

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    Update FD[*Q2fU  
    Print "DONE!" N&   
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End Sub A:Wr5`FJ  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 0U~$u
  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters T#Q7L~?zY  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm f2[R2sto@  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ?fH1?Z\'K  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 hu$eO'M_  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 $M)SsD~  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 hlL$3.]  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 =s!0EwDH3  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ~bkO8tn  
DONE! 2b7-=/[6  
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