[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 .^eajb`:  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 A|7%j0T  
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模型 B
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 W|4:3c4  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. F P3{Rp  
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光源 9!;/+P  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 z#m ~}  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 $i1$nc8  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 7v't# =  
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视网膜的散射 tnE),  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 |h%=a8  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 4( $p8J  
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脚本 [n4nnmM  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： A*G ~#v^  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ?zex]!R  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 `R;i1/  
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分析 _AzI\8m  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 (@->AJF1\  
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脚本代码 A3)"+`&PUl  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. i-PK59VZ8f  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY {]2^b)  
Dim op As T_OPERATION auga`*  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4%2A
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Dim A As Double \3OEC`  
Dim pupilDiam As Double zOd*>  
Dim eID As Long ? X6M8`  
Dim parID As Long VCfHm"'E8  
Dim count As Integer "iTjiH)Q(  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double D&i\dgbK  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double XLC9B3Jt  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 8OKG@hc  
Dim ok As Long M6mgJonN|  
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Sub Main M!+
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    '用户输入对话框 6@TU9AZS`  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 <o/!M6^:  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 sC.b'1P  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ckMG4 3i\j  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 /v^'5j1o  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 R\|,GZ!`+  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 )by7[I0v  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 H1f='k]SZ  
    End Dialog hs[x\:
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog 4j~q,#$LW  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) $m;`O_-T  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 23P&n(.  
        Print "Execution cancelled." S=ZZ[E_~S  
        End Ym1vq
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    End If <Xl#}6II  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty w%.hALN5-C  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then & ?xR  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation }%p:Xv@X!  
    Else H.\`(`6  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) @Wc5r#  
    End If n1J u=C  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then gE _+r  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /1MmOB  
    Else @>HTbs6W  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) h<e  
    End If r5DRF4,7  
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    Print " " gYD1A\  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" jd](m:eG  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" :ZM9lBYh  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation eJ99W=  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness !gve]>M  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens R3~,&ab  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens >x{("``D0y  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens H:@hCO[a  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 5E\.YqdV  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness $DoR@2~y  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction c,4~zN8Ou  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation u#,8bw?1  
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    '************************************************************************* +4s]#{mP  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) =vbG'_[7  
    '************************************************************************* eR$@Q  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) j(=w4Sd_W  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity {Sf[<I  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) UGSZg|&6#*  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z t>[W]%op  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _~z oMdT!  
        GetOperation eID, count, op JM3[ yNSN@  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then IMkE~0x4</  
            DeleteOperation eID,count |NuMDVd+s  
            count=count-1 FJ_7<4ET  
        End If cLV*5?gVO  
        count=count+1 k7^hcth  
    Wend qYC&0`:H  
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    'Set new shift in zmo2uUEd  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ix-Mp   
    op.val1 = taq gQ_<;'m)2  
    op.parent = parID DZSS  
    AddOperation eID, op 0$*7lQ<a#M  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 7*l$i/!  
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    '************************************************************************* Q;]JVT1  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 3`bQ0-D;  
    '************************************************************************* *?FVLE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) :W.H#@'(  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic l7|z]v-  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Y4rxnXGw  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant "`>6M&`U  
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    '************************************************************************* 9{u=  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens
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    '************************************************************************* /j~~S'sw  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) NiZfaC6V  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ("8Hku?  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost h.edb6  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost $ VT)  
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    '************************************************************************* ,b*
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) _%e8GWf  
    '************************************************************************* !D=!  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ,X|Oe@/  
    count = 0 ^B<-.(F  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count GHsDZ(d3.  
        GetOperation eID, count, op U
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then V'kB
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            DeleteOperation eID,count >V"{]v  
            count=count-1 YK/? mj1x  
        End If =t,oj6P~  
        count=count+1 W`[VLi}fe  
    Wend A%^?z.  
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    'Set new z-shift jr`swyg  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" RN`TUCQL  
    op.val1 = tlens I):c#  
    op.parent = parID Cff
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    AddOperation eID, op jwI2T$  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Ichg,d-M-K  
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    '************************************************************************* c}@E@Y`@w  
    'Lens index of refraction Ae2N"%Ej  
    '************************************************************************* A|"T8KSMB  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ~cm4e>o  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat HM% +Y47a  
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    mat.Nd = nlens #N][-i  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat #w;"s*  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Fg`<uW]TFZ  
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    '************************************************************************* mZiKA-t  
    'Pupil diameter 
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    '************************************************************************* /`M#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) JZ}zXv  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Z66Xj-o  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" T={!/y+
 
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens #w''WOk@ZG  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &J/EBmY[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) M[qhy.  
    count = 0 ?l~qb]._  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (VO'Kd  
        GetOperation eID, count, op _OGv2r  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lW"0fZ_x'E  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ! VT$U6  
            count=count-1 ,~3rY,y-  
        End If f}yRTR GJv  
        count=count+1 #j Tkz  
    Wend %vO(.A+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" reR@@O  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 5@
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    op.parent = parID #e.x]v:  
    AddOperation eID, op )"?'~5A  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 53hX%{3  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description *SJ[~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) v{$?Ow T/u  
    GetEntity eID, entity A,&711Y  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" r],%:imGr  
    SetEntity eID, entity F=Xb_Gd`  
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    Update ;39b.v\^  
    Print "DONE!" #6a!OQj  
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End Sub "O r1 fC  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ~0+<-T  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters z 8M\(<  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm WZ`i\s1#  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 }8AH/  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 i%!<9D~n  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Zr
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 3XB`|\:  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 A3.I|/  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Jqzw94  
DONE! [*u\S  
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