[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 8?t"C_>*e  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 =!Vf  
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模型 %,@vWmn  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 /5AW?2)  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. +,+vkpL-%  
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光源 %ugHhS!  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 )o1eWL}  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 B(k=oXDF  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 wCMQPt)VS  
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视网膜的散射 S&O3HC  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 DVZdClAL  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 K`}{0@ilCw  
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脚本 5cr(S~Q;  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： !9*c8bL D  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 sRVIH A,  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 gie
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分析 N(6|yZ<J3M  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 s>_V   
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脚本代码 &K_)#v`|  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. #v#<itfFH  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ;rI@*An  
Dim op As T_OPERATION p?[Tm*r  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL k-V,~c  
Dim A As Double +=Jir1SLV  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ;a=w5,h:  
Dim eID As Long m^'uipa\  
Dim parID As Long ?7:KphFX)  
Dim count As Integer rrg96WD  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double waX>0e  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double v}@xlB=  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ~
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Dim ok As Long rn DCqv!'P  
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Sub Main V^y^ ;0I}[  
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    '用户输入对话框 U<XSj#&8|  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 _(J&aY\  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 @3fn)YQ'  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 9[!,c`pw  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 _AV1WS;^^8  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 O/:UJ( e{  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 tH=
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 j Ja$a [  
    End Dialog XxHx:
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog 2._X|~0a  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) %0#1t 5g  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed d]9U^iy  
        Print "Execution cancelled." jq'!UN{  
        End l4T7'U>`  
    End If Li*eGlId  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty r&-m
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then '|;X0fD  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation .xf<=ep  
    Else b~dIk5>O  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 1[_mEtM:]B  
    End If <2C7<7{7  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Zmbfq8K  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 4|A>b})H  
    Else </uOe.l>Q  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) t|t#vcB  
    End If aq7~QX_0G  
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    Print " " #plY\0E@  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" $mF_,|  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" j}b\Z9)!  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 8* Jw0mSw  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness %s19KGpA  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens @p\}pY$T  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Dk48@`l2  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Vh>Z,()>>@  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens @cU&n6C@  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness P2Vg4   
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction `y+tf?QN  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 9@+5LZR  
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    '************************************************************************* @k&qb!Qah  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) |Ph3#^rM?  
    '************************************************************************* YKQr, Now  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Q_l'o3  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity /dnCwFXf  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) m,fAeln  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z },|M9I0  
    count = 0 V59(Z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count hlt[\LP=$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op s(W|f|R  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =-p$jXVW%  
            DeleteOperation eID,count m.,U:>  
            count=count-1 ID/F  
        End If O*#*%RL|  
        count=count+1 6AocmR0D'  
    Wend aMTu-hA  
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    'Set new shift in )=Jk@yj8x  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" B7imV@<  
    op.val1 = taq bJs9X/E  
    op.parent = parID &r:7g%{n  
    AddOperation eID, op gCyW Vp  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ,a#EW+" Z  
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    '************************************************************************* G8Du~h!!U  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens $8BPlqBIZ  
    '************************************************************************* *?MGMhE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) NIw\}[-Z0E  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 6uR^%W8]  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant -lv)tHs<  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant p)+k=b  
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    '************************************************************************* c*~]zR>s!  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 8g7<KKw  
    '************************************************************************* }u1O#L}F5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) )vxUT{;sH  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 3h<,  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost vhhC> 7  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost o6p98Dpg   
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    '************************************************************************* jRatm.N  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) TiH)5  
    '************************************************************************* B/n
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) "!EcbR  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) :<|<|qJWo  
    count = 0 ]~Z6;  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Qa.uMq  
        GetOperation eID, count, op zen*PeIrA^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =)7s$ p  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @$z<i `4  
            count=count-1 &zo|Lfe  
        End If \Acqr@D  
        count=count+1 vI@%F
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    Wend D:K4H+ch  
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    'Set new z-shift y\x+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" J4\qEO  
    op.val1 = tlens ?C/Te)  
    op.parent = parID }-@`9(o`)  
    AddOperation eID, op 
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens m1*O0Tg]"  
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    '************************************************************************* KSrx[q  
    'Lens index of refraction x]33LQ1]  
    '************************************************************************* uDZT_c'Y  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) nakYn  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat )[Yv?>ib  
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    mat.Nd = nlens c?@T1h4  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ~_!F0
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 42qYg(tZ  
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    '************************************************************************* vz!s~cAt  
    'Pupil diameter Kx%Sku<F'  
    '************************************************************************* Z@$8I{}G  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) R`~z0d.  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) >_LDMs[-p  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 5;{H&O9Q  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens wLH] <k  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) D~\$~&_]=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) [r[=W!  
    count = 0 .?hP7;hhI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )[|3ZP`  
        GetOperation eID, count, op >MvDVPi~+  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Y
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            DeleteOperation eID,count <(-hx+^  
            count=count-1 pLzk   
        End If Kc^;vT>3  
        count=count+1 *VZ5B<Ic  
    Wend oo.2Dn6z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 0a"c2J  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Xqm:
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    op.parent = parID I2nhqJy^  
    AddOperation eID, op uF3qD|I\  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam X7g1:L1Ys  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description >#y^;/bb  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5EfS^MRf\n  
    GetEntity eID, entity KFwzy U"  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" d:U9pC$  
    SetEntity eID, entity oGRhnP'PF+  
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    Update ]V#M%0:Q82  
    Print "DONE!" [n$BRk|  
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End Sub i|m3mcI%2  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 5x>}O3Q_  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters \9g+^vQ
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm jE/AA!DC#  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81  pn5Q5xc  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 wD]/{
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 "UJ S5[7$  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 dp*u9z~NA  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ~'CE[G5  
Set pupil diameter = 4 /Dj=iBO  
DONE! Q{lpKe0  
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