[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 um4zLsd#v  
2]KPW*V  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 aYX'&k `  
-Q8`p  
模型 DdW8~yI&  
rW .0_*  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 [aUT #
 
/9gMcn9EB  
e 2&i  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 7
q=xW6  
~d8o,.n`1  
光源 m$j;FKz+|  
M& L0n%,y5  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 `{[C4]Ew/  
rkXSygb  
TW? MS em  
p#NZ\qJ  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 cSWVHr  
O\{_)L  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 T0C'$1T  
uvd>  
U}TQXYAg  
Hc3/`.nt  
视网膜的散射 Unk+@$E&  
`&
DiM@Sm  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 7t/SZm  
^DJU99   
%ua5T9H Z  
<<6#Uz.1  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 x$4'a~E  
p8bTR!rvz  
9a,CiH%@  
W{2y*yqY  
脚本 ZmF32Ir  
cE?
J]5#^  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： fR{7780WZ  
>@W#@W*I@  
qN(;
l&Q  
jR:Fih-}  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 e70*y'1fu  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 8=VX` X  
$80/ub:R  
分析 J>&GP#7}  
"=O)2}  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 3iwZUqyq  
<ZEll[0L  
M1\/ueOe  
脚本代码 ->UrWW^  
zc5_;!t  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. F*u;'K  
S6I8zk)Z4  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY "Y6mM_flq  
Dim op As T_OPERATION r6<}S(  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL m5*RB1  
Dim A As Double  }P#gXG  
Dim pupilDiam As Double  su$juI{  
Dim eID As Long UNae&Zir  
Dim parID As Long iddT.   
Dim count As Integer nz
+KA\iW  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 75ob1h"  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double `MS=/xE  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double (Nf.a4O  
Dim ok As Long d)HK9T|B  
4)z](e$  
Sub Main Zl*!pQ  
D\JYa@*?.h  
    '用户输入对话框 9yPB)&"EF  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 YXEZ&$e'  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 g*uO IF  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 3lqhjA  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ?u|g2!{_  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 f]ef 1#  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 7+bzCDKU  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 dLq!t@?iu>  
    End Dialog ~%ZO8X:^  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog xUUp?]9y  
5s9~rm  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) ub&1L_K  
|9h[Q[m  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed jEadVM9  
        Print "Execution cancelled." &}ow-u9c3  
        End g`1i[Iu2  
    End If [iD!!{6+  
Fk\xq`3'c  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty TV}SKvu  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then pWqahrWh  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ~F-,Q_|-  
    Else Fei$94a  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) L[^e<I  
    End If 3ba"[C|  
(~~=<0S  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then #"|Ey6&  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ,yoT3_%P  
    Else /[p4. FL  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 8I'?9rt2M  
    End If :c>,=FUT  
vzU%5,  
    Print " " sYL+;(#t  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" )L?Tq"hy  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 711z-  
nz(OHh!}u  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation $FoNEr&q  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness :MpCj<<[  
8dv1#F|  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 8[k-8h|  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens
86i =N_  
bFpwq#PDW>  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens :JlJB  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens LakP'P6`E  
p=zjJ~DVd  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 1DX=\BWp  
c09uCito  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction q#Bdq8  
TM+7>a$  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation SF6n06UZu  
6l4l74  
    '************************************************************************* *]LM2
J  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 09F
r1PL  
    '************************************************************************* uW]n3)7<I  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) :KQ<rLd  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 0@ -LV:jU  
o,29C7Ii  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) qU"+0t4  
*StJ5c_kg2  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z TPrwC~\B/  
    count = 0 *aSFJK  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }&=C*5JN  
        GetOperation eID, count, op G B15  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Z'\_YbB  
            DeleteOperation eID,count <_D+'[  
            count=count-1 1&dWt_\  
        End If [P^ .=F  
        count=count+1 &ha39&I  
    Wend rA9"CN  
Agl[Z>Q  
    'Set new shift in 4u<oe_n
 
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (*|hlD~  
    op.val1 = taq C&Rv)
j  
    op.parent = parID !nTq"d%(W  
    AddOperation eID, op O:1YG$uKa  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 o/Z?/alt4  
smSUo/  
    '************************************************************************* wL:3RZB  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens !4|7U\;  
    '************************************************************************* %zWtPxAf  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -gzk,ymp  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $Q62 7  
:B
l $c,J  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant F77~156  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `S%pD.g,2  
<jxTI%'f59  
    '************************************************************************* z7NaW e  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ~}uTC36C\  
    '************************************************************************* %KqXt
c`O  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ,<%],-Lt[  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 4\t9(_  
m#Rll[  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost @@+\  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost P>:"\I[  
oM J5;  
    '************************************************************************* z55P~p  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) wL~ dZ!,J  
    '************************************************************************* w!h!%r  
zg[ksny  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Qd$d*mwg:  
A!SHt7ysJ  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) >*EcX
3  
    count = 0 z[l17+v  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  QH;1*  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ^lf)9 `^U  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _Nlx)YR  
            DeleteOperation eID,count e)O6k7U$  
            count=count-1 lr=*Ty(V  
        End If D/rKqPp|!  
        count=count+1 ,myl9s  
    Wend uS3J^=>@(a  
Nn+le
M  
    'Set new z-shift $kg!XT{V  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Jgb{Tl:r  
    op.val1 = tlens VDBP]LRF  
    op.parent = parID jrG@ +" }  
    AddOperation eID, op "|(+~8[  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens RaKL KZn  
@32JMS<  
    '************************************************************************* hK?uGt d?  
    'Lens index of refraction Xrc0RWXB8  
    '************************************************************************* A6= Um%T  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) hK3?m.>"g  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1:XT r  
NJwcb=*  
    mat.Nd = nlens xrS;06$  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ^|(F|Z  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Z#%4QIz?  
!Hxx6/  
    '************************************************************************* yS %J$o&
 
    'Pupil diameter U8;k6WT|  
    '************************************************************************* Sm{idky)[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Bzw~OB{!=J  
6l<q  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) {O[a+r.n  
,_D`0B6o  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" [YLaRr  
,aU_bve  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 3t)07(x_B  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) eE '\h  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ^/U-(4O05*  
    count = 0 b[%sKl
 
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @/g%l1$`  
        GetOperation eID, count, op amK"Z<V F  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /z.Y<xOc  
            DeleteOperation eID,count KQ9~\No]  
            count=count-1 n>"0y^v  
        End If 1.6yi];6  
        count=count+1 IXDj;~GF  
    Wend nRzD[3I  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" oYG9i=lZ  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 kFg@|#0v9  
    op.parent = parID N`h,2!(j  
    AddOperation eID, op ZBUEg7c  
 olB?"M=H  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam v[E*K@6f  
iimTr_TEt  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description GWsvN&nr  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) )v !GiZ"7  
    GetEntity eID, entity 9w9[0BX#  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ph qx<N@  
    SetEntity eID, entity '_N~PoV  
JK))Cuh  
    Update O/Ub{=g  
    Print "DONE!" R*|y:T,H  
     1tw>C\  
End Sub _bRd2
k,  
OGpy\0%  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： hd0d gc  
ND $m|V-C  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters SaceIV%(  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm {]BP
Sj{B  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 VRV*\*~$  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 |Ii[WfFA|J  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 jeXP|;#Una  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 'Z5l'Ac  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 $a.fQ<,\X  
Set pupil diameter = 4 dCc"Qr[k  
DONE! JcV'O)&
  
X67^@~l  
1?%Q"*Y&  
QQ：2987619807 Gmi ^2?Z(