[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 q$ZmR]p  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 :U{$G( <  
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模型 / %
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 dX^d\ wX  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. cOa){&u  
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光源 1*V
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 B3';Tcs  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 z&Kh$ $)[  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ?cvV~&$gc  
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视网膜的散射 \r5L7y$9 h  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 *~%QXNn`  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 O,_k.EH  
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脚本 4R&e5!  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： gK_#R]  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 (/^dyG|X'  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 @p2XaqZ  
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分析 87ptab@  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 m.b}A'GT  
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脚本代码  oHR@*2b  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. qo!6)Z  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ]z#9
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Dim op As T_OPERATION {9;x\($&a  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL pkEx.R)  
Dim A As Double qbq.r&F&  
Dim pupilDiam As Double + :;6kyM6X  
Dim eID As Long gaC[%M  
Dim parID As Long E(miQ  
Dim count As Integer y.,li<  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double z>A;|iL  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double _(J4  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Y0;66bfh}  
Dim ok As Long z:)z]6  
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Sub Main 16|miK[@  
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    '用户输入对话框 D^<5gRK?  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 u_'XUJ32!  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 V: P  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 1`F25DhhY
 
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 iNG =x  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 /kc@ELl  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 _BPp=(|  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 v&3 Oc  
    End Dialog `-yiVUp1:z  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog !JnxNIr&i|  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) {Z_?7J&z  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed [{-5  
        Print "Execution cancelled." :} N;OS_  
        End 8<_dNt'91  
    End If ;uyQR8  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty *f k3IvAXu  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then aBT8mK -.  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation }@<Ru  
    Else m*rw?nLZ  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ueu=$.^;g  
    End If gI{56Z  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 4cZlQ3OE.  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter wY{!gQ  
    Else ; -,VJCPi  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) iXD=_^^o .  
    End If >d<tcaB  
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    Print " " \(`,z}Ht _  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 5O]eD84B  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" I7?s+vyds  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation wt1Y&D  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Wf>=^ ~`  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens #/o1D^  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens .v[!_bk8C  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ku^0bq}BrH  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 5Tiap8x+<  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction A}MF>.!}C  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation TF-a1z  
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    '************************************************************************* C`b)}dY  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) f (ug3(j  
    '************************************************************************* )g[7XB/w  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) q|S,^0cU  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 4{#0ci{  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t[%ELHV  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z of0hJR  
    count = 0 4
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?RU_SCp-  
        GetOperation eID, count, op XE
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then $##
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            DeleteOperation eID,count "J*LR  
            count=count-1 2/RW(U  
        End If AN4(]_]  
        count=count+1 Rq,Fp/  
    Wend e\WG-zi/  
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    'Set new shift in R*>
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" R~d{Yv  
    op.val1 = taq 0JX/@LNg0  
    op.parent = parID Ujfs!ikh&F  
    AddOperation eID, op C:{&cIFrPe  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 z[*Y%o8-r  
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    '************************************************************************* MVZ9x%  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens HRW}Yl  
    '************************************************************************* >|_B=<!99W  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) A=l1_8,`h  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic GdtR /1  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant W;ADc2#)  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant nWsR;~pK  
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    '************************************************************************* &1M#;rE;D#  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Jec<1|  
    '************************************************************************* 0]MI*s>&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Aj "SSX!L  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic CQ^I;[=d  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost C5&+1VrP  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost vH/Y]Am  
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    '************************************************************************* /<it2=  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) VIg=|Oe),  
    '************************************************************************* *&vi3#ur  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) =*Y=u6?  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ]_&pIBp  
    count = 0 5 @61=Au  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count IXt cHAgX  
        GetOperation eID, count, op GN ?1dwI  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kH>^3(Q\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count WDQw)EUl&  
            count=count-1 4&'_~qU  
        End If HK!Vd_&9,  
        count=count+1 `%Uz0hF  
    Wend "i/3m'<2  

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    'Set new z-shift z{dn  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~AG."<}  
    op.val1 = tlens IX y $  
    op.parent = parID :R9 DJh\  
    AddOperation eID, op
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens "Go)t+-  
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    '************************************************************************* *'hvYl/?>  
    'Lens index of refraction ?ne!LDlE|  
    '************************************************************************* et0yS%7+?@  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) dI|`"jl#  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat V0'_PR@;  
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    mat.Nd = nlens >m&r,
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]6 vqgu  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ,Jh('r7  
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    '************************************************************************* (VA:`pstP  
    'Pupil diameter m1(cN%DBd  
    '************************************************************************* 6 &)fZt  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ^7&0Pm  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) t(F] -[  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 13:0%IO  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens $>mTPNF  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /o=,\kM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ua!g}m
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    count = 0 + s snCr  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^X
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        GetOperation eID, count, op 8{Id+Q>Vo,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6X.lncE@p  
            DeleteOperation eID,count W!G2$e6  
            count=count-1 Ood'kAH1B  
        End If Ug|o($CY  
        count=count+1 <r{ )*]#l  
    Wend >f*[U/{ K  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 63?fn~0\  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 wf8GH}2A  
    op.parent = parID 'hM?
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    AddOperation eID, op uKZe"wN;  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam H21\6 GY  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description n/3gx4.g  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) gB?~!J?  
    GetEntity eID, entity n|oAfJUk,  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 2W=( {e)$  
    SetEntity eID, entity p
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    Update @Pc]qu  
    Print "DONE!" 2e
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End Sub y'<juaw  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： M7(vI4V  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters b:}`O!UBw  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm C||A[JOS  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 d&p]O  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 <4W"ne28  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 AVR9G^ce_  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 nJ|8#U7  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 2b]'KiX  
Set pupil diameter = 4 $e|G#mMd-  
DONE! 7FVu[Qu  
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