[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Zb);08X  
>{Lfrc1  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 \UtUP#Y{t  
 w8FZXL  
模型 ] 
^  
|nU:  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 `Rj i=k>  
4_r8ynq{z  
FopD/D{  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. '[\%P2c)Q  
:*c@6;2@  
光源 o~es>
;  
/ HaS.  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 m{+lG*  
Z.<1,EKi=  
(T'inNbJe  
E8NIH!dI  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 BLMcvK\9  
hc0VS3 k)  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 :I<%.|8  
O8dD
oP\F2  
JmN;v|wF:c  
@}fnR(fS  
视网膜的散射 mT-5Ok&TUe  
3_Oq4/
 
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 #NL1N_B  
#axRg=d?K  
|'KNR]: N  
}T(|\ X  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 MgtyO3GUAD  
v8pUt\m"  
xR1g  
qRB%G<H  
脚本 #UXmTrZ.  
%FyB\IQ  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： <T0-m?D_$  
]7xAL7x  
);Gt!]p`;  
88G[XkL$2  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 c[",WB<9  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 KE5f`h  
?TzN?\   
分析 }3?M0:  
qw_qGgbl  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 (Yw5X_|  
+9h6{&yr1  
possM'vC  
脚本代码  ^5;Y  
YHKm{A ]  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. DI$zyj~3  
E+7S:B  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY 5h20\b?=$  
Dim op As T_OPERATION f-{[ushj  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4|:{a
pH  
Dim A As Double 9Z+@i:_}  
Dim pupilDiam As Double S?8q.59  
Dim eID As Long uHf~KYL  
Dim parID As Long h_CeGl!M}  
Dim count As Integer ZFdQZ=.'  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double *`l>1)B>  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double "
&2D6  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double k)4|
%  
Dim ok As Long ::M/s#-@  
&`@Jy|N\  
Sub Main ueWG/`ig  
uF^+}Y ZT  
    '用户输入对话框 mIr{Wocx  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 <o]tW4\(R  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 h hdn9n  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 kYR&t}jlCg  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 sxsM%Gb?H  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Ws1<Jt3/."  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 %@r
h\Z  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 {) .=G  
    End Dialog J'7){C"G$  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ucA6s:!={  
e=F' O] 5  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) hU4~`gp  
O%+:fJz6wI  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed  vb70~k  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Nq9(O#}  
        End U2Ur N?T  
    End If _6(zG.Fg  
AN.`tv  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty WrD20Q$9Q  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 
,-{j.  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation &[s^`e  
    Else glv(`cQ  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) I &m~ cBj<  
    End If  vG  
F]ALZxwkz  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then =1esUO[nx  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ~XZ1,2jA/  
    Else Hu'c)|~f  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) >T(f  
    End If TvQAy/Y0  
eFeeloH?e*  
    Print " " M!I:$DZt  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" wLgRI$_Dm  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Q% dpGI  
klx4Mvq+/@  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation {?j|]j  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness O}KT>84M  
I&cb5j]C  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens DvhK0L*Qr  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens :zZtZT!  
~ib#x~Db  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 0CDTj,eK  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens jV7q)\uu^  

R UX  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness vfo[<"  
!W3Le$aL  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction *wSl~J|ZM%  
9Qkww&VEk  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 0<s)xaN>Y  
3^fZUldf  
    '************************************************************************* 2`Pk@,:_  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) sF|$oyDE  
    '************************************************************************* Q \{\uJ x  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) "~+K`*0r8  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity '@:;oe@]  
L@2H>Lh35  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) '/"(`f,  
@lJGdp  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z T2Vj&EA@  
    count = 0 >^jm7}+hb  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Al` ;SWN  
        GetOperation eID, count, op M)LdGN?$  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then SOUA,4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count UGN. ]#"#  
            count=count-1 +g.WO5A  
        End If {<]abO  
        count=count+1 I@z{Gr  
    Wend ;0BCM(>Wo  
<e=0J8V8,i  
    'Set new shift in -\I0*L'$|\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" |MRxm"]A   
    op.val1 = taq gVD!.  
    op.parent = parID :J<S-d=  
    AddOperation eID, op !BY=HFT  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 {-E{.7  
T[7DJNdG6  
    '************************************************************************* e@q[Dv'mu  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens iA< EJ  
    '************************************************************************* 7;_5[_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) k\%{1oRA  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic V]<dh|x  
=uvv|@Z  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant :N[2*
.c[  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant %_z]iz4  
$DQ -.WI  
    '************************************************************************* V}JW@  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens mDq01fU4  
    '************************************************************************* '}
OrFN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Uvuvr_IP  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic HN3 yA1<[V  
]xS< \{og  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost [mwfgh&4%  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 5I<?HsK@  
ogPfz/ hw  
    '************************************************************************* <h;P<4JX  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Im Tq`  
    '************************************************************************* '6aH*B:}*;  
l p? h~  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) WL7:22nSHa  
JLeV@NO  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) )GR^V=o7,Y  
    count = 0 sF|lhLi  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;j(xrPNb  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 57oY]NT?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then zxj!ihs<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count YnNei 7R  
            count=count-1 g$:2c7uL  
        End If \myj Y  
        count=count+1 Qr0GxGWU  
    Wend OrH&dY  
CtE".UlCA  
    'Set new z-shift S^n:O  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" M35}
5
+  
    op.val1 = tlens 0)84Z.k  
    op.parent = parID m t*v@'l.  
    AddOperation eID, op 0W>O,%z&P#  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens E+Gea[c  
{1qEN_ERx  
    '************************************************************************* Ge @d"  
    'Lens index of refraction !"1bV [^  
    '************************************************************************* 3$RII-}>  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) |6uEf/*DX  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat hR?rZUl2M  
{b+IDq`)=  
    mat.Nd = nlens R8?A%yxf  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 1.>`h:  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ;Lu}>.t  
+wio:==  
    '************************************************************************* ?r@ZTuq#  
    'Pupil diameter N*z<VZ  
    '************************************************************************* rDSt ~l  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) @emZwN"m  
*}0Q S@FN  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @hv9=v+  
|, :(3Ml  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" w68qyG|wM  
?Jma^ S  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens +6>Pp[%  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }M1<a4~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 9R E;50h  
    count = 0 {vU '>pp  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *]EcjK%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op G/D{K$=t~  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E+>;tLw3j  
            DeleteOperation eID,count g-]td8}#  
            count=count-1 n%O`K{86  
        End If aRV!0?fS  
        count=count+1 6jnRC*!?  
    Wend @.gCeMlOf  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" "q%)we  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 H11Wb(6Wu  
    op.parent = parID Kzmgy14o  
    AddOperation eID, op ,iHt*SZ,*  
$M><K  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam o]FQ)WRB  
!]`]67lC  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description B O"+m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _l Jj6=  
    GetEntity eID, entity 6z(_^CY  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" |;].~7^  
    SetEntity eID, entity w8on3f;6n#  
O-|3k$'\z  
    Update *R:nB)(6<  
    Print "DONE!" a#{a{>  
     =];FojC6I  
End Sub h0gT/x  
c9& 8kq5  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 65}:2l2<  
Xu T|vh  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters E^qKkl  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm +I')>6  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4bKZ@r%  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 O=mJ8W@  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Zw3|HV(so  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 6ZM<M7(V  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 k4|YaGhf  
Set pupil diameter = 4 zL{KK9Or  
DONE! fpqKa r  
$L&*0$[]Q  
F8k1fmM]Y  
QQ：2987619807 B^OhL!*tI