[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 $+Vp
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 *lws7R  
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模型 d"hW45L  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 r4FGz!U  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. N\WEp?%~  
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光源 w%Tjn^d  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 DAtZp%
 
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Dwp-*QK^G  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ~xaPq=AH  
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视网膜的散射 R#i{eE*WF  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 h TY7`m">  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Y$ To)qo  
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脚本 n_X)6 s  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Q(J6;s#b  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 bF X0UE>  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 bzt(;>_8  
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分析 W~e/3#R\=  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c8cPGm#i  
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脚本代码 2!+saf^-,  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. aV9QIH~  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Vo2{aK;  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 1:+
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL %kRQ9I".  
Dim A As Double KPcOW#.T  
Dim pupilDiam As Double AQH\ ;L  
Dim eID As Long 7"c^$fj  
Dim parID As Long a*4l!-7  
Dim count As Integer ~j&#D
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ^+m6lsuA  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 7;T6hKWV[  
Dim ok As Long L(bYG0ZI5C  
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Sub Main T3W?-,  
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    '用户输入对话框 ~RRp5x _  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ?'dsiA[  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 9J0JSy  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Y%B:IeF}  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ?pF7g$>q  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 y)B>g/Hoh  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ?Thh7#7LM  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 mjwh40x.o  
    End Dialog 6/Pw'4H9$  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog iksd^\]f  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) G{ 9p.Q  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed sKvz<7pag  
        Print "Execution cancelled." k_^|%xJ  
        End srbU}u3VZ  
    End If ;c!}'2>vM  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty tS2Orzc>,  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then U{+<c [  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation w[bhm$SX]B  
    Else rX-V0  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) gg-4ce/  
    End If ,'KQFC   
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then V@QWJZ"  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter am$-1+iX  
    Else HFr#Ql>g  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) U=<d
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    End If YhVV~bvz*  
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    Print " " ?G48GxJ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Xlw8>.\  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ? ^EB"{  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation .fQ/a`As
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness &g{b5x{iD  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens E7_)P>aS5  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Dd(#
  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ww_gG5Fc$  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ]7*Z'E  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness NaR/IsN8%  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction qB`-[A9HPe  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation L=7U#Q/DE  
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    '************************************************************************* J73B$0FP  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) .3{PgrZ  
    '************************************************************************* v-V#?+#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 63J_u-o  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 5eZ8$-&([  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Z#+{ksU  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z @+gr>a1K#  
    count = 0 RjII(4Et  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count n^svRM]eQ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op syEWc(5  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then sd@JQ%O  
            DeleteOperation eID,count k63]Qf=5?N  
            count=count-1 Q: H`TSR]  
        End If y?ps+ce93  
        count=count+1 F~N
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    Wend }`O_  
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    'Set new shift in r[>=iim  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" e~Oge  
    op.val1 = taq Y7|R vLWoP  
    op.parent = parID kl0!*j  
    AddOperation eID, op ,?OV39h  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 CaSoR |  
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    '************************************************************************* -QUr|:SK:  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens (&25 8i,  
    '************************************************************************* 6D[m}/?Uy  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) _K4Igq  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #~&SkIhBE  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant tWs ]Zd  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant /M:R|91:_  
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    '************************************************************************* E3pnu.;U:_  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 2:31J4t-<  
    '************************************************************************* NTnjVU }  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) >)/,5VSE  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic C^}2::Qu  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost C q/936`O  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost YLr<^G-v  
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    '************************************************************************* &"D *  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface)
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    '************************************************************************* w]4=uL6  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ?2Q9z-$  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) C~1
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    count = 0 6Un61s  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \#(3r1(  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `Qf$]Eoft  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then uXs.7+f  
            DeleteOperation eID,count }y<p_dZI  
            count=count-1 dQ4VpR9|;  
        End If F %OA  
        count=count+1 J&64tQl*  
    Wend ~16QdwK  
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    'Set new z-shift N5 BC<pu  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ohK_~  
    op.val1 = tlens 2v ^bd^]u:  
    op.parent = parID zJp}
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    AddOperation eID, op W`baD!*  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens jv:!vi:  
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    '************************************************************************* k4|9'V&1*6  
    'Lens index of refraction Yx- 2ux  
    '************************************************************************* Cu5fp.OS7  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) a[<'%S#3x  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat k7rFbrLZ  
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    mat.Nd = nlens zEG6T*  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat s>=DfE-;"  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens (1~d/u?2\  
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    '************************************************************************* 8p4J7 -  
    'Pupil diameter tb^8jC  
    '************************************************************************* %9,:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) %LeQpbyOR  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) #) e
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" wVSM\  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens dP>~ExYtm  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) m`"^d #  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) \Tf$i(0q  
    count = 0 pmm?Fq!s=  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :%[=v(G[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op iV h^;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then XLEEd?Vct9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~r<@`[-L  
            count=count-1 yc4?'k!  
        End If wul$lJ?tE  
        count=count+1 n#jBqr&!M  
    Wend 3\x
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" [E9V#J89  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ?gknJ:  
    op.parent = parID W[pOLc
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    AddOperation eID, op |Ai/q6u  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 'r&az BO  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description XJx$HM&0M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .YV{wL@cB  
    GetEntity eID, entity xvP=i/SO  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" $]V,H"  
    SetEntity eID, entity 4&r5M  
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    Update RJpH1XQ j  
    Print "DONE!" _?j66-( Q  
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End Sub 9q +I  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 8*nv+  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters L1'PQV  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm r[doN{%  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4LG[i}u.N  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 -^1}J  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 F52%og~N  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 9((B
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Set pupil diameter = 4 5yOIwzr&Uu  
DONE! 1NHiW v  

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