[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ss/h[4h4h  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 AS`2=w  
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模型 h-Tsi:%b  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 C:rRK*  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 3fm;r5  
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光源 U~oBNsU"  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 $*YC7f  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 g8LT7  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 c"sj)-_  
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视网膜的散射 O|HIO&M  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ov
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 n33JTqX  
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脚本 n^* >a  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： j5PaSk&o=  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 cYZwWMzp  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 70'}f  
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分析 "}S9`-Wd|  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 WpXODkQL  
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脚本代码 UiJ^~rn  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ExNj|*  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY "WF( 6z#  
Dim op As T_OPERATION skk-.9  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n%83jep9  
Dim A As Double @?<N +qdH>  
Dim pupilDiam As Double /W"Bf  
Dim eID As Long hg[l{)Q  
Dim parID As Long xaGVu0q  
Dim count As Integer r4;5b s6wm  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double MILIu;[{#r  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ddUjs8VvJ  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double pieU|?fQ  
Dim ok As Long ke3HK9P;  
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Sub Main 7sQ]w   
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    '用户输入对话框 p{mxk)A  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 zznPD%#Sc  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 *k3 d^9o#  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 '+o:,6  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 /E`l:&89)  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 zCKy`u.  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 p/\$P=  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 6. +[ z  
    End Dialog dD/29b(  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog c8k6(#\  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 2x<Qt2"  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed gFWEodx,9  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 9B!im\]O  
        End >wg9YZ~8  
    End If ^DW#  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty &;
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then r85Xa'hh  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation YLA557~  
    Else %=NM_5a}]  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) a@5xz
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    End If 8!o{W=m^4  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then U}RS*7`  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter WuP([8  
    Else e'/  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0@sr NuW  
    End If /XWPN(JC?  
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    Print " " WTV3p,;6a  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Vq .!(x  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" *!r\GGb  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Wvut)T  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness "W_jdE6v  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens eB<V%,%N#  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens BDRYip[Sa  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens n3l"L|W^(<  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens <\}Y@g8  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness N#pl mPrZ  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }l]3m=)  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 6PzN>+t^y  
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    '************************************************************************* @Q$/eL  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 9?g]qy,1)  
    '************************************************************************* MUCJ/GF*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Z5*(W;;  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 7?Qt2tr  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 48~m=mI  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z k[r./xEv+t  
    count = 0 O)U$Ef  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count RXx?/\~yd;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op B(en5|  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9p[W :)P4d  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6wpND|cT  
            count=count-1 ?G>5 D`V  
        End If *xv/b=  
        count=count+1 p+`*~6Jj/  
    Wend px [1#*  
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    'Set new shift in zNsL^;uT  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" DX%8.@  
    op.val1 = taq Ghq'k:K,  
    op.parent = parID a_pCjG89  
    AddOperation eID, op !7ZfT?&  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Ltic_cjYd?  
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    '************************************************************************* t7!>5e)C}  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ktw!T{  
    '************************************************************************* #a'x)$2;R|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) >Rki[SNb-b  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic MR)KLM0  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ,I2re
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant z[lRb]:i[  
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    '************************************************************************* :LIKp;  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens rt@-Pw!B  
    '************************************************************************* y`B!6p 5j  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Z'EO  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic )(ZPSg$/F  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 8v)~J}[Bz  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ^pQ;0[9Y0  
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    '************************************************************************* SG|i/K|7  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) (y+5d00  
    '************************************************************************* kkE)zF   
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) eVCkPv*  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) h$ETH1Ue  
    count = 0 dVmAMQk.g  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eR* ]<0=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op #g`cih=QL  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]g-qWSKU  
            DeleteOperation eID,count w7t"&=pF7  
            count=count-1 W'
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        End If }rMpp[  
        count=count+1 u.L8tR:(  
    Wend }b]y 0"  
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    'Set new z-shift ! ?U^+)^$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" i;'X}KW  
    op.val1 = tlens @#--dOWYR  
    op.parent = parID '3_B1
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    AddOperation eID, op Q0"F>%Cn  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens zS"zb  
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    '************************************************************************* p|9ECdU>;  
    'Lens index of refraction =|5bhwU]  
    '************************************************************************* E=_B@VJknW  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) d7K17KiC  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat d>"$^${  
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    mat.Nd = nlens !lN a`  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat g d}TTe  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens >A(?Pn{|a  
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    '************************************************************************* .'2gJ"?,  
    'Pupil diameter ;!Z7-OZX  
    '************************************************************************* fJ"~XTN}T  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) NF\^'W@N  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) H.mQbD`X  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" `# M.t);^  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens F-7b`cF9[r  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) FQ~ead36C  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "O1*u
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    count = 0 dpn&)?f  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count
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        GetOperation eID, count, op (xSi6EZ6;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8J?`_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count L\?g/l+k  
            count=count-1 nI
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        End If >iWf7-:  
        count=count+1 f{5|}PL  
    Wend Sfa m=.l  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2c`=S5  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 #.L0]Uqcp  
    op.parent = parID <9.7gwzE  
    AddOperation eID, op O+Lb***b"  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam MG5Sn*(C  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description c^)E:J/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %ih7Jt  
    GetEntity eID, entity ="[](X^ l  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ne24QZ~}  
    SetEntity eID, entity nC{rs+P
 
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    Update =2)$|KC  
    Print "DONE!" z.Kq}r^  
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End Sub Y~SlipY_  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ;)pV[3[  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ~Q9)Q  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm MkGq%AE`Y  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 R9-JjG2v  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 N\e@$1  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 2bxMIr  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 T9<nD"=:  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 2m_M9
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Set pupil diameter = 4 ^(JbJ@m/  
DONE! y-q?pqt  
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