[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ;n} >C' :  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 fimb]C I|x  
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模型 \9]I#Ih}M  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 hI
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 4L5o\'X  
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光源 q]6_
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 X"[dQ_o  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 e=t<H"&  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 B(j02<-  
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视网膜的散射 O)`fvpVU  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 tTotPPZf}  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 iQt!PMF.  
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脚本 *FV0Vy  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： W*k`  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Nd`HB=ShJ  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 _N98vf0o  
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分析 n`]l^qE  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 W1vCN31  
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脚本代码 bSQRLxF  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. *|mz_cKu  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY MRQZIi  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ;Xqn-R  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL K<FKu $

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Dim A As Double  }mKwFVZ  
Dim pupilDiam As Double -Q#o)o  
Dim eID As Long N/K=Ygv.  
Dim parID As Long (
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Dim count As Integer @rF/]UJ  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Y)|~:& tZ  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double J{d(1gSZ  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double !2z!8kI  
Dim ok As Long u+i(";\  
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Sub Main Qm< gb+  
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    '用户输入对话框 ~ FGe~  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 +semfZ)  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 22>;vM."  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 3L>d!qD  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 |Ab{H%  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 =`-|&  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ryg4hHspl  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ~b Rd)1  
    End Dialog V5AW&kfd  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog u_LY\'n  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) c` , 2h#  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed
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        Print "Execution cancelled." qK?$=h.  
        End cx{T  '1  
    End If +dw!:P&  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty W5.
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then dv, C6t2  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation e0 u,zg+m  
    Else n_P3\Y|  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) b#/i.!:a  
    End If 03([@d6<
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0I5&a  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter -f?Ah  
    Else  F~6#LT  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) i)8N(HN  
    End If RPH1''*!  
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    Print " " ZYcd.?:6  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" /ZW&0E  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" f@@s1gdb  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation -Wc~B3E|  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 7J|&U2}c  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens :$g8Zm,y  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens rwSbqL^eM  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 3F+Jdr'  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens q+ pOrGh  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 4Po)xo  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction _U0$=V  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation L9FHgl?  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Y]N,.pv=  
    '************************************************************************* ?WpenUWk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]|U-y645  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity .A6lj).:  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) KrcgIB8X  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z y'}O)lO1  
    count = 0 o>?*X(+le  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count S~NM\[S  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 'O?~p55T  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then eV7u*d?  
            DeleteOperation eID,count (GcT(~Gq)D  
            count=count-1 wX,F`e3"/  
        End If XK ApLz  
        count=count+1 uD9|.P}  
    Wend &:5\"b  
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    'Set new shift in <rIz Z'D  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ROc`BH=  
    op.val1 = taq |Au]1}  
    op.parent = parID g{:<2xI5P  
    AddOperation eID, op x
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 e3(/qMl  
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    '************************************************************************* o[1yl
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Sw[{JB;y,  
    '************************************************************************* 3c3OG.H$8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) $`VFdAe  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 9GLb"6+PK  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Anm=*;*M`  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant j&R+2%  
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    '************************************************************************* x@>&IBiL  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens kA wNly  
    '************************************************************************* x=Hndx^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ^aZAw%K  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %~xGkk"I  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost w5=tlb  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ^dm!)4W  
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    '************************************************************************* [ ho(z30k  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ;]sYf  
    '************************************************************************* ;gg\;i}^  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &>g'$a<[  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) -O!/Jv"{,[  
    count = 0 a2 +~;{?g  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4qi[r)G  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Dnf*7)X  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then rQ
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            DeleteOperation eID,count o=J9  
            count=count-1 SQ*k =4*r  
        End If Hu3wdq  
        count=count+1 [U@;\V$  
    Wend <
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    'Set new z-shift RoGwK*j0+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" t"072a  
    op.val1 = tlens 4QOEw-~w&s  
    op.parent = parID D]G)j  
    AddOperation eID, op VZ& A%UFC  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 7JJ/D4uT  
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    '************************************************************************* J(4"S o_  
    'Lens index of refraction $j}OB6^I  
    '************************************************************************* j^tW Iz  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) C)'q QvA  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat :r#)z4d5  
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    mat.Nd = nlens uDw.|B2ui  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 1NQbl+w#I  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens v3d&*I  
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    '************************************************************************* 2%RNq<{Z_  
    'Pupil diameter DGW+>\G  
    '************************************************************************* ,GWNLm\5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) "tFxhKf  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ML;*e"$  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" m7EcnQf  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens /sM~Uq?  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) e:H26SW  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) y[B>~m8$  
    count = 0 ~Tbj=f  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7dsefNPb  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \^I>Q_LU  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -7J|
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            DeleteOperation eID,count Y!iZW  
            count=count-1 HbP!KVHyk1  
        End If Hbv6_H  
        count=count+1 'lHdOG  
    Wend !EUan  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" z[`@}}Q  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 .ERO|$fv  
    op.parent = parID .EM`.  
    AddOperation eID, op zOg7raIa  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam }D+}DPL{^  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description |5Xq0nvCe  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >pUtwIP  
    GetEntity eID, entity ODZ|bN0>  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" {(r6e  
    SetEntity eID, entity 7{&|;U  
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    Update  {o(j^@  
    Print "DONE!" N F)~W#  
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End Sub LL:_L<  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 6@DF  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters (5]}5W*  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm B)d(TP,>  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 d!eYqM7-G  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 9on@Q_7m  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 pK0"%eA  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 9(QJT}qC  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 '7O3/GDK  
Set pupil diameter = 4 lg^Z*&(  
DONE! !47n[Zs  
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