[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Vbz$dpT  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 "-\I?
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模型 ld}-}W-cq  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 _AK-AY  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 8BBuYY{  
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光源 _sx]`3/86  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 >~2oQ[n  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。  w8$8P  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 7'CdDB6&.  
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视网膜的散射 oyK'h9Wt1  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 H $XO]\  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Z`T]jm-3  
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脚本 \0). ODA(  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ~5q1zr)E  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 QVJq%P  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 #p*D.We  
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分析 Qzt'ZK  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 u5;;s@{Ye4  
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脚本代码 ,)@njC?J  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. m Q4(<,F  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY d<K2 \:P{}  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ~@=(#tO.  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL >~:Md  
Dim A As Double & %A&&XT9  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Xdh2  
Dim eID As Long 2*Zk^h=  
Dim parID As Long p>_Qns7W  
Dim count As Integer &OYo  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double l0 =[MXM4  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 'HKDGQl`  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double @GUlw[vi  
Dim ok As Long txE=AOY5  
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Sub Main 17$'r^t,S  
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    '用户输入对话框 76H>ST@G|  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 f7YBhF  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 '_d4[Olu  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Yw] 7@  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 v%:VV*MxF  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 A:yHClmn  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 &hEn3u  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 k/P.[
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    End Dialog [?%q,>F  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Lq|>nY  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) G/*;h,NbNr  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed hw$!LTB2  
        Print "Execution cancelled." L!>nl4O>`  
        End m g,1
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    End If i.k7qclL`  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty o]EL=j  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then k&2=-qgVR  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ? D _kQl  
    Else G4uG"  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) NV7k@7_{B  
    End If W1 k]P.  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then rtS' 90`  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter nl qn:[BU  
    Else NMe{1RM  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w lH\w?  
    End If (`S^6-^  
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    Print " " ')U~a  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" XEQTTD<  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" #l ZK_N|1x  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 2 /FQ;<L  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness jMgXIK\  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ,Cb3R|L8  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens #
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ]I[~0PCSX  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens z%OKv[/N  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness - 8p!,+Dk  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 7~SwNt,  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation l-Z( ]  
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    '************************************************************************* p&h?p\IF  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 
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    '************************************************************************* l
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )  .qgUD  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity X_]rtG  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N% 4"9K  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z X` zWw_i  
    count = 0 <7M-?g:vj  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #;$]M4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op j{@6y  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then TxX=(7V  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ){*+s RBW  
            count=count-1 u= NLR\  
        End If &EfQ%r}C  
        count=count+1 bC/":+s& p  
    Wend @1MnJP  
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    'Set new shift in ]mTBD<3\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" FQ]/c#J  
    op.val1 = taq jN\u
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    op.parent = parID <s9?9^!!V^  
    AddOperation eID, op `POzwYh  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Rff F:,b  
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    '************************************************************************* 5~L]zE  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens s/E|Z1pg3  
    '************************************************************************* uu9M}]mDl  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) <kak9 6A  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic uM-,}7f7  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant !+eH8  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 0cd_l 2f#g  
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    '************************************************************************* ^[M{s(b  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 7?$?Yu  
    '************************************************************************* \$ytmtf5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) F5h/>  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -8Jw_  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ,NSf  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ZK5nN9`  
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    '************************************************************************* 3Q=^&o0fl  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) J ^'El^F  
    '************************************************************************* l<6u@,%s  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) a=iupXre9  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) XKoY!Y\  
    count = 0 6':iW~iI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count a.Ho>(V/4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %;PpwI  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then '7Gv_G_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count qJhsMo2
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            count=count-1 t" .Ytz>  
        End If a`xq h2P  
        count=count+1 $></%S2g  
    Wend G]^[i6PQs  
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    'Set new z-shift s]arNaaA  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /
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    op.val1 = tlens 2w 2Bc+#o  
    op.parent = parID j[>cv;h ;  
    AddOperation eID, op "y1Iu   
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens <W4F`6`x  
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    '************************************************************************* N[%u>!  
    'Lens index of refraction w5@5"M  
    '************************************************************************* 8y;Rw#Dz  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) JK k0f9)  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 7]ieBUfS  
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    mat.Nd = nlens nbi7rcT  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat /%wS5IZ^  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Cf{F"o  
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    '************************************************************************* 5/meH[R\M  
    'Pupil diameter ]%Q!%uTh  
    '************************************************************************* vQAFgG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ^h(wi`i  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) e+ xQ\LH  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" l$42MRi/  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens yI0bSu<j-  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9t`;~)o  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) .tBlGMcN  
    count = 0 jLVJ+mu  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count >I5:@6 Z  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &Y@i:O  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8|u
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            DeleteOperation eID,count HU3:6R&  
            count=count-1 N8<J'7%  
        End If _;lw,;ftA  
        count=count+1 Oy6fl'FIt  
    Wend _fAgp_)  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Zt=|q
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 R4?>C-;  
    op.parent = parID kaG/8G(  
    AddOperation eID, op NBikYxa  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam LPk@t^[  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 36d nS>4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4S_ -9&z  
    GetEntity eID, entity 8tY>%A~^z  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ^X#y'odtbS  
    SetEntity eID, entity 3jmo[<p*x
 
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    Update T$Z9F^w  
    Print "DONE!" N& _~y|  
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End Sub ;>6< u.N  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： J<)qw  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 9&mSF0q  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm "c^!LV  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 N0`
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 J-W9Bamx  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 1.hWgWDP  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 #-{<d%qk  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 xtV+Le%  
Set pupil diameter = 4 FX:`7c]:9  
DONE! w.qtSW6M+  
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