[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 TE;f*!  
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模型 Oe x  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 (V&8 WN  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. sVr|kvn2  

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光源 )sW!s3>S>  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Zo-,TKgY'  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 gaQ E'qp>  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 bl
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视网膜的散射 ,"5HJA4  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Y@:l!4DI  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Q|P M6ta  
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脚本 VRgckh m  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： \a7m!v  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 *1!'ZfT;  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 I L7kpH+y  
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分析 }5n\us  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 *g %bdO  
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脚本代码 _VjaTw8iM  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. )MSCyPp5  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY w8~R=k  
Dim op As T_OPERATION S&-F(#CF^  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL #g@4c3um|  
Dim A As Double o3\^9-jmp  
Dim pupilDiam As Double |A,.mOT  
Dim eID As Long cUP1Uolvn  
Dim parID As Long \!jz1`]&{  
Dim count As Integer fj['M6+wd  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double g"Hl 30o  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ?D7zty+}^  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double p %.Adxx  
Dim ok As Long 8%?MRRK  
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Sub Main 2Mq
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    '用户输入对话框 2"|7 YI  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 _1O .{O  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 J E5qR2VA  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _a9oHg  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ^\ln8!;  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 b@=H$"  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 z79oj\&[  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 tUZfQ  
    End Dialog pO fw *lD  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog +:jv )4^O  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) K$GQc"  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed [>
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        Print "Execution cancelled." _qk&W_u  
        End TG8U=9qt  
    End If gaNe\  

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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty S76MY&Vx23  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then pRxVsOb  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation DzA'MX  
    Else 8 l= EL7  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) T*Ge67  
    End If
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then m+7%]$  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter )+Z.J]$O-  
    Else @c"s6h&  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) {*g{9`   
    End If ]oz>/\!  
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    Print " " `'P&={p8  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 3}3b@:<  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" sK9RViqF\  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation )K::WqR%w)  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 7@e}rh?N-|  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens z<^LY]  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens x./"SQ=R+  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens [4bE"u  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens vg@5`U`^h  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ?dv-`)S&  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction |/8!PKm  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation cD!E.2[  

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    '************************************************************************* yt,Ky8y1  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ./.aLTh  
    '************************************************************************* 5{iNR4sq  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #j+cl'  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 3QVUWhJ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T*C F5S  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z r|
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    count = 0 9AQ,@xP|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count L*|P'  
        GetOperation eID, count, op zLg$|@E&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *<[\|L:#]Z  
            DeleteOperation eID,count TXV^f*  
            count=count-1 Ku uiU= (L  
        End If ea`6J  
        count=count+1 d( ru5*p  
    Wend 9H:J&'Xi7  
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    'Set new shift in 0yMHU[):~  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" i-p,x0th  
    op.val1 = taq ZWjje6  
    op.parent = parID Bf+~&I#E  
    AddOperation eID, op M$>Nd6,@N  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 '^7UcgugB  
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    '************************************************************************* KyP@ hhj  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens vo)W ziHh  
    '************************************************************************* Lc]hwMGR*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ;p<BiC$b  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic oOubqx  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ePaC8sd0
  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <pKOFN%
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    '************************************************************************* ~q/~ u  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Nr)DU.f  
    '************************************************************************* +u5xK  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 0Ny +NE:6M  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 8ql<7RTM!  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 7 TM-uA$  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ZnRj}y  
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    '************************************************************************* z-"P raP  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) /!6 VP |  
    '************************************************************************* Al *
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) `jhbKgR[  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) @(N} {om  
    count = 0 LL+_zBP.  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "qZTgCOY2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3|)cT1ej  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then fT?m~W^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count $DnJ/hg;qD  
            count=count-1 asy:[r"  
        End If @ IDY7x27  
        count=count+1 JP ;SO  
    Wend 1sJz`+\  
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    'Set new z-shift _pvt,pW  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^AZv4H*~  
    op.val1 = tlens K9nW"0>  
    op.parent = parID HB.:/5\  
    AddOperation eID, op ^)|tf\4  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ~qTChCXP  
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    '*************************************************************************  zNn  
    'Lens index of refraction +~ Y.m8  
    '************************************************************************* Zk|PQfi+  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Y q|OX<i`K  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 6~?yn-Z  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 'b>3:&  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ).Iifu|
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    '************************************************************************* 7<2^8`  
    'Pupil diameter SF ^$p$mC  
    '************************************************************************* @|OGxQo
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ]]_c3LJ2`  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) #0^a-47PA<  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" q!h'rX=_-  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens rV-Xsf7Z  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Aaz:C5dtU  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) /:,}hy+U  
    count = 0 p"*xyex  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count G \$x.  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %_>8.7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .H&XP

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            DeleteOperation eID,count U:PtRSdn!b  
            count=count-1 <<@F{B7h  
        End If ys7Tq+  
        count=count+1 2@N-#x'  
    Wend (&_~eYZU  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]2@lyG#<<  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 VjeF3pmBa  
    op.parent = parID =#{q#COK$  
    AddOperation eID, op rTST_$"_6  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam &v:[+zw  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description WK{F  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $g,v]MW  
    GetEntity eID, entity srKEtd"  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" VY=YI}E  
    SetEntity eID, entity UMPW<>z  
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    Update :j32 :/u  
    Print "DONE!" '@^mesMG  
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End Sub =66'33l2  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： _@_EQ!=  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters |#(y?! A^  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm t7e7q"+/  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 uj)f
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 oC3W_vH.%  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ~*tn|?%  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 @qF:v]=_@  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 O6\c1ha  
Set pupil diameter = 4 P_.AqEH  
DONE! hij 9r z  
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