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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 Ud_0{%@  
    > .K  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ))6YOc  
    $U"pdf  
    模型 J; N\q  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Q[9W{l+  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. pp+z5  
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    光源 6$t+Q~2G!  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 C[CNJ66  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 1sq1{|NW~  
    :464~tHI[`  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 a&Me#H{  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ;pqS|ayl  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 4veXg/l  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ~<"{u-q#K  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 v!#koqd1y.  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 2+yti,s+/  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: NYeL1h)l  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 }^`5$HEi  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 - H`, ` #{  
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    分析 /}S1e P6  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ^2nH6,LPS  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 `82^!7!  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. A",R2d  
    (R!`Z%  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY AIw~@*T  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION @DlN;r ?Cv  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL D 1(9/;9  
    Dim A As Double [ub)`-6 u  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ^39 ?@xc@  
    Dim eID As Long 1%7zCM0s  
    Dim parID As Long c LfPSA  
    Dim count As Integer 7TA&u'  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double mzcxq:uZ5  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double L"}2Y3  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double yS4nB04`=  
    Dim ok As Long T!|-dYYI  
    ygxaT"3"=  
    Sub Main )jMk ~;'r  
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        '用户输入对话框 twp~#s:\z  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 uExYgI`<%&  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Ju_(,M-Vgr  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 \7Fp@ .S3  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 lN7YU-ygz  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 \j0016;  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 zS `>65}e  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 'Ecd\p  
        End Dialog wdRk+  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog uP1]EA  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) JR|P]}  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ]C>h_,EZc  
            Print "Execution cancelled." tw<}7l_>Au  
            End oSH]TL2@Cd  
        End If vZIx>  
    WDh*8!)  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Sv[+~co<l  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then QLZ%m$Z  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation Q'rX]kk_  
        Else =64Ju Wvo  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) VQbKrnX  
        End If ki]i[cdk  
    _ Uv3g lK  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then IDp2#qg_  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter VKy3tW/_&  
        Else _:G>bU/^  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) z*WQ=l2  
        End If ]F4|@+\9  
    <4*)J9V^s=  
        Print " " sfC/Q"Zs  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ]u%Y8kBe  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 'L2[^iF9  
    JgB"N/Oz  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation h[gKyxZ/t  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ":L d}~>  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens yXro6u?rC  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ,772$7x  
    A~8-{F 31  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens #G("Oh  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens j`-9.  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness .;37 e  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }nWW`:t kx  
    ?DC;Hk<  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation cB7'>L  
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        '************************************************************************* ~.Cu,>fV  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) !3Q^oR  
        '************************************************************************* Edl .R}&1  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y{QF#&lW  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity *YWk.  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0lpUn74F  
    yu=(m~KX   
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z n)rSgzI  
        count = 0 trL8oZ6  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count kj!mgu#T  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Wq*W+7=.  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :SVWi}:Co1  
                DeleteOperation eID,count UvVq#<-  
                count=count-1 0zXF{5Up  
            End If Z|zT%8.8N  
            count=count+1 0[fqF^HEN  
        Wend TuzH'F  
    VRz9;=m  
        'Set new shift in 4"Pf0PD:  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2$?j'i!  
        op.val1 = taq ]}BT'fky#  
        op.parent = parID r'& 6P-Vm  
        AddOperation eID, op F vHd `  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 r~T3Ieb  
    ]D|Hq4ug  
        '************************************************************************* $(;0;!t.  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens L_}F.nbS5  
        '************************************************************************* axdRV1+s  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) KgEfhO$W  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic jLreN#:9  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant /7Ft1f  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant cy#N(S[ 1  
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        '************************************************************************* K?acRi  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens n}4Lq^$  
        '************************************************************************* 4$8\IJ7G  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ,98`tB0  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %ysf FE  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost D2Dk7//82Y  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost >y iE}  
    *\F,?yU  
        '************************************************************************* ;.b^A  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) $Z4IPs  
        '************************************************************************* -LEpT$v|  
    IP l]$j>N  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 3(>NS?lX  
    JbEQ35r  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) gqan]b_  
        count = 0 O_y?53X  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count bGa "r  
            GetOperation eID, count, op #BX^"J{~  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6O'6,%#  
                DeleteOperation eID,count a1# 'uS9W  
                count=count-1 R%^AW2   
            End If [;hCwj#  
            count=count+1 FK.Qj P:  
        Wend -O?&+xIK&  
    dE|luN~  
        'Set new z-shift {AMoE +U  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" -K%~2M<  
        op.val1 = tlens 6T{SRN{  
        op.parent = parID UvM_~qo  
        AddOperation eID, op (TFo]c  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 9>HCt*|_8  
    TeWpdUCO  
        '************************************************************************* Gu@Znh-D  
        'Lens index of refraction ]*JH~.p  
        '************************************************************************* UqZ#mKi  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) !0 -[}vvU  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat yaKw/vV  
    iZDZ/hohv  
        mat.Nd = nlens 3eP7vy  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat Z7Xic5PI{4  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens )m[dfeqd +  
    1# X*kF  
        '************************************************************************* ?br4 wl  
        'Pupil diameter R SqO$~  
        '************************************************************************* zV"oB9\9O  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) UV8K$n<  
    'ai!6[|SD  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) F_C_K"[s  
    ;m cu(J  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" vQIN#;m4  
    2rJeON  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens , 1` -u$  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) I`8jJpGA  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 26<Wg7/,  
        count = 0 O)Mf/P'  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Wx-vWWx*Q  
            GetOperation eID, count, op @%sr#YqY  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  _F9O4Q4  
                DeleteOperation eID,count "[BDa}Il  
                count=count-1 JOm6Zc  
            End If ?\$\YX%/p  
            count=count+1 8  }(ul  
        Wend K JX@?1"  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Z-B b,8  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 y:3d`E4Xw  
        op.parent = parID v9R"dc]0h  
        AddOperation eID, op DRw;.it2  
    37QXML  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam nfbqJ  
    '{(/C?T  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description {IpIQ-@l  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Ee?+IZ H7|  
        GetEntity eID, entity dn)pVti_  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ZT'Sw%U:  
        SetEntity eID, entity =ap6IVR  
    --9Z  
        Update x3++JG  
        Print "DONE!" 78i"3Tm)w  
         #RA3 T[A  
    End Sub /P3s.-sL  
    @lnM%  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: +\O[)\  
    `bF] O"  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters >&3ATH;&(  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm k;9"L90  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 s"solPw  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ) "o+wSI1  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 >)IXc<"wq  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 f YuM`O  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +#d}3^_]  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 (s\":5 C  
    DONE! @~l?hf  
    _7M!b 9oA  
    m*^|9*dIC  
    QQ:2987619807 k-LT'>CWl  
     
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