[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 !:c7I@  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 7>9/bB+TL  
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模型 k#5S'sCF<  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 R 7xV{o  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. WN?!(r<qA_  
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光源 v
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 o-("S|A-  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 r\'3q'7p  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ;}.jRmnJ  
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视网膜的散射 9P{5bG0o8  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 xZGR<+t  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 <saS2
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脚本 wD22@uM#]  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： xDRK^nmC  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 A>R ^iu  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 p KKn  
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分析 _~HGMC)  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 @2YO_rL[  
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脚本代码 N^%[ B9D  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 7:jSP$  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY -S)
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Dim op As T_OPERATION CSt6}_c!  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL *`|.:'  
Dim A As Double Y($"i<rN  
Dim pupilDiam As Double %+o]1R  
Dim eID As Long Kqhj=B  
Dim parID As Long `9zP{p  
Dim count As Integer n)$ q*IN"  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 9#O"^.Z !  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double {3_M&$jN  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double <0JW[m  
Dim ok As Long ;,Lq*x2s  
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Sub Main V9B $_j4  
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    '用户输入对话框 >'Y]C\  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 vJl4.nk  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 e)cmZ8~S  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _4[kg)#+  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 @HIC i]  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 {P1W{|  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ${6 ;]ye  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 /x0zZ+}V  
    End Dialog pf] sL/g  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog >jN)9}3>-#  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) jUW{Z@{U  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed #G)ZhgB^  
        Print "Execution cancelled." f\^FUJy  
        End CIO&VK  
    End If al#yc  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty t)$>++i  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then >qcir~ &  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 47ir QK*  
    Else ]C5JP~#z  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) T3'dfeU  
    End If zzq/%jki  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then `P :-a7_  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter olK%TM[Y  
    Else ~[ve?51  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ZVK;m1?'  
    End If i]9SCO  
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    Print " "
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" P(A%z2Ql  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 0($MN]oZa  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation iwrdZLE  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness QsI$4:yl  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens P9X/yZ42  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ZFz>" vt@  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens gt}/C4|  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;uR8pz e  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 4s0>QD$J  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Z1^S;#v  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation <t]i'D(K  
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    '************************************************************************* }IEYH&4!  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) hvZW~ =75  
    '************************************************************************* i"sVk8+o!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) n#Z6d`  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Gh42qar`  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8l;0)`PU  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ZaXK=%
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    count = 0 @: %}clZ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "+Xwc+v^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op RQ}x7</{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then cs~ }k7><  
            DeleteOperation eID,count s+Ln>c'|o  
            count=count-1 $ZwsTV]x  
        End If q'q'v S  
        count=count+1 3cQTl5,  
    Wend bF?EuL  
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    'Set new shift in 4lvo9R
 
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /EKfL\3  
    op.val1 = taq !=q {1\#  
    op.parent = parID 7d'4"c;*;  
    AddOperation eID, op VaSw}q/o:/  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 49HtI9@  
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    '************************************************************************* od?Q&'A  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens $T]1<3\G  
    '************************************************************************* |~v($c  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) J>XaQfzwU  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic LF*3Iw|v  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant %>5Ht e<  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 2/?pI/W  
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    '************************************************************************* }u:^Mz  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 4ol=YGCI_  
    '************************************************************************* otX#}} +  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) "Z}0A/y  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic BQ_\8Qt|  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ;#fB=[vl";  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost nGX~G^mZ  
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    '************************************************************************* ]DC]=F.  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) :M|bw{P*  
    '************************************************************************* ,<pql!B-  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Qpf BM  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) f&^Ea-c  
    count = 0 ~3f#cEP>d}  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?_n.B=H`8  
        GetOperation eID, count, op _mXq]r0  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then EB@!?=0x  
            DeleteOperation eID,count G.B^C)guu  
            count=count-1 R>pa? tQgK  
        End If h`3;^T  
        count=count+1 +u25>pX  
    Wend TSHp.ABf  
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    'Set new z-shift >2$Ehw:K^  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" GXJ3E"_.  
    op.val1 = tlens ;J?^M!l2=  
    op.parent = parID /:awPYGH<1  
    AddOperation eID, op @$+l ^"#-]  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens FopD/D{  
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    '************************************************************************* s
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    'Lens index of refraction B#EF/\5  
    '************************************************************************* 36Wuc@<H  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) _;LH
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 9Cf^Q3)5o  
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    mat.Nd = nlens hh:)"<[  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 8'g/WZY~~  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens IFpmf0;^  
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    '************************************************************************* )](8{}wo  
    'Pupil diameter iCv &<C@  
    '************************************************************************* K<+AJ(C  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" )  pLyX9C  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) dF1Bo  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" (W@ y
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 7zQD.+&L  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |C-B=XE;3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }[i35f[w  
    count = 0 xn}'!S2-b  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8^< -;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Oa@X! \  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then c1:op@t  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ZU "y<  
            count=count-1 _f34p:B%s  
        End If >u4uV8S  
        count=count+1 tbOe,-U-@  
    Wend U*a!Gn7l  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]]`+aF0  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 09x
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    op.parent = parID #+_OyZ*  
    AddOperation eID, op VQo7se1P  

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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Y{p *$  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 2]4R`[#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :;??!V  
    GetEntity eID, entity 1 !\pwd@{  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" C<n.C*o  
    SetEntity eID, entity jq
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    Update YnI   
    Print "DONE!" K5w22L^=+  
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End Sub @H{$,\\  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： G_AAE#r`  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters b0KorUr  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm P, S9gG9  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 twO)b"0  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 8-SVg
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Xr
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 ,:L}S03k  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ?W(wtp,o  
Set pupil diameter = 4 _k j51=  
DONE! crhck'?0  
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QQ：2987619807 ::M/s#-@