[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 9F##F-
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ;hDa@3|]34  
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模型 r o\1]`6  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 m&Yi!7@(  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. #@f[bP}a  
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光源 #1/}3+=5B  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 z@U}~TvP  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 mY-hN|  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Akk 3 Qx  
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视网膜的散射 ~(X(&  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 wSXVyg{  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 KtN&,C )lJ  
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脚本 \=e8%.#@J  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： WNX5iwm  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ][@F  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 &X>7n~
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分析  Lc2QXeo8  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ]7YNIS  
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脚本代码 R)8s  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. F2I 5qC/  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY PGn);Baq  
Dim op As T_OPERATION nHOr AD|&  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =t0tK}Y+4  
Dim A As Double y-aRXF=W  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ?A*Kg;IU  
Dim eID As Long oOU
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Dim parID As Long J ++v@4Z  
Dim count As Integer al^!,ykc  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double /pH(WHT+/H  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double b~Y%gC)FR  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ,J=P,](  
Dim ok As Long |L3X_Me  
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Sub Main FiAY\4  
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    '用户输入对话框 ii|?;  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 8/%6@Y"Y*  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 1}m3;  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ?8V UOx  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 z}4L=KR\v  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 8;gXg  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 +b$S~0n
 
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Gpj* V|J  
    End Dialog @E9" Zv-$  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog mqtg[~dNc  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) U]6&b  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed fC-P.:F#I  
        Print "Execution cancelled." LO%!Z,}   
        End HM[klH]s=  
    End If {=:#S+^ER  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Yg|lq9gD  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 3\$wdUFr  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation *s4\\Wb=  
    Else TV59(bG.2  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) >7Jr^o#|_x  
    End If q?j|K|%   
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 5N7H{vT_  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Qt>>$3]!!  
    Else MHj,<|8Q  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) n`7f"'/:  
    End If u eb-2[=  
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    Print " " ;\;M =&{}  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" g(x9S'H3l  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm"  \[:/CxP  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation /*)Tl   
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness (<*e  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens `_X;.U.Mv  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens /s:fW+C  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens {MdLX.ycc)  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens !]` #JAL7  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Q%S9fq,q  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction nR;D#"
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation >ezi3Zx^  
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    '************************************************************************* K*-@Q0"KM{  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Y]|:?G7l]  
    '************************************************************************* E-5_{sc  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) xw^.bz|  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity P$GjF-!:  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y.#:HRtg
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 6vKS".4C  
    count = 0 ,"0)6=AE  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #K\?E.9h  
        GetOperation eID, count, op FCj{AD  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ti5HrKIw  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @F*wg  
            count=count-1 |R/.r_x,V?  
        End If I`(l*U  
        count=count+1 `Mj}md;O"  
    Wend '\#EIG  
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    'Set new shift in +k<w!B*  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~ (On|h  
    op.val1 = taq `Pn[tuIO  
    op.parent = parID `Hx
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    AddOperation eID, op q"qo.TPh|$  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 tMx}*l|]  
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    '************************************************************************* #:x4DvDkR  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -5l6&Y   
    '************************************************************************* f$HH:^#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) qo6y %[  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic .9[45][FK  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant wd@aw/  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant m(iR
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    '************************************************************************* A=zPLq{Sb  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens M]v=-  
    '************************************************************************* x"P);s
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) |WryBzZ>on  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic DHC+C4  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost X6+qpp  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost _M[,!
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    '************************************************************************* ^-CINt{O  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) cV{%^0?D  
    '************************************************************************* J/!cGr(B~  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) q-ES6R  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) spofLu.  
    count = 0 ;!< Znw  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count D<i[LZd  
        GetOperation eID, count, op BE
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >gKh  
            DeleteOperation eID,count # {fTgq  
            count=count-1 8.=\GV  
        End If hd V1nS$  
        count=count+1
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    Wend 
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    'Set new z-shift -F"QEL#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" yV3^Qtb!  
    op.val1 = tlens (R~]|?:wt  
    op.parent = parID 9mc!bj^811  
    AddOperation eID, op >>Ts??  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 3cS2gxF  
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    '************************************************************************* gG%V 9eOQ  
    'Lens index of refraction Ch()P.n?  
    '************************************************************************* $GQ`clj<  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) [ao U5;7  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat h0oMTiA  
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    mat.Nd = nlens "1q>
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat B<8N96fx  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens '$As<LOEd/  
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    '************************************************************************* GhY1k";  
    'Pupil diameter }ZSQ>8a  
    '************************************************************************* -5>-%13  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 6<,dRn  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6J~12TU,  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" X.K<4N0A9J  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens WD;Y~|  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ._wkj  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) c(co\A.]:6  
    count = 0 Bx"7%[  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Nfe>3uQK  
        GetOperation eID, count, op SYeadsvF  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2>-S-;i  
            DeleteOperation eID,count vB37M@wm  
            count=count-1 fl Jp4-nx  
        End If {Y}dv`G#Iu  
        count=count+1 wi8Yl1p]!z  
    Wend =Cv/Y%D
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :0K8h  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 q1y/x@  
    op.parent = parID }pkj:NT  
    AddOperation eID, op vhvdKD  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam zL5d0_E9  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 04J}UE]Ww  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2RF^s.W  
    GetEntity eID, entity (3[z%@I  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" (qn2xrV  
    SetEntity eID, entity s%iOUL2/  
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    Update mD:IO  
    Print "DONE!" &2-L.Xb  
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End Sub ]maYUKqv}'  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： =5D nR  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters !$A37j6  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm {Z;jhR,  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 #jpoHvth  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6b8;}],|  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 %or,{mmiM:  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 #{r#;+  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 k^$+n_  
Set pupil diameter = 4 uUE9g  
DONE! Q@e[5RA+]  
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