[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ;t@ 3Go  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 \.{pZMM  
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模型 )8N)Z~h  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 7PQj7&m  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Jk6/i;4|  
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光源 HNHhMi`w  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Q&U= jX  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 EBn:[2  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 3z/O`z  
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视网膜的散射 ?k7/`gU  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 $m%/veD k  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 o'}Z!@h  
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脚本 m5Laq'~0_  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示：  D]>
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 bA9
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Ei(`gp  
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分析 V@s/]|rf,  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ?B31t9  
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脚本代码 ewlc ^`  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 2!& ;ZcT,  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY HQ#L |LN  
Dim op As T_OPERATION JU`'?b  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL .;sPG  
Dim A As Double Tf]VcEF  
Dim pupilDiam As Double -8J@r2\
 
Dim eID As Long gGz_t,=  
Dim parID As Long #[rFep  
Dim count As Integer t$ ~:C  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double +( 7vmC.  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 4'eVFu+62  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double '`VO@a  
Dim ok As Long ^Q+5M"/8  
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Sub Main L7'X7WYf&  
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    '用户输入对话框 CZno2$8@e  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 hzVr3;3Zn  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 8pKPbi;(2  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 IaqN@IlWb  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 y,eoTmaI  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 e/~<\  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 r,@|Snv)  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 -PuVI5L<  
    End Dialog [9Hm][|Ph  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Zl/+HU~  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) *VAi!3Rx;  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed %ieAY-<"  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ( I~XwP&  
        End "[Lp-4A\  
    End If fA,!d J  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty lw lW.C  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then BU .G~0  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation U}5KAi 9Z  
    Else n m$G4Q  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) V#FLxITk  
    End If #rC+13  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then N1+]3kt ~  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter )7TTRL  
    Else gC:E38u  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Q 7?4GxMj  
    End If O~1p]j  
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    Print " " $:P~21,  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" U;Wmx  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" z#!Cg*K(  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 3@A k6Uh  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ~~ w4854  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 7tnzgtal  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 'S ;vv]}Gs  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Y`RfE  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens >l[N]CQ  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness z[Qv}pv  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 9tgkAU`  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation A`8If  
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    '************************************************************************* Gj?q+-d!(5  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) sJvn#cS  
    '************************************************************************* suSIz 7:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %dQX d]  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity F!<x;h(  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) YEj U3^@  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z wm4e:&  
    count = 0 C\[UAxZ3X  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count hkxZ=l  
        GetOperation eID, count, op vUA,`  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W_EN4p~J  
            DeleteOperation eID,count XDQ1gg`  
            count=count-1 .j.=|5nVo4  
        End If |szfup~5es  
        count=count+1 NI)nf;C  
    Wend ];YOP%2   
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    'Set new shift in o%iTYR:x  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5
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    op.val1 = taq l+,rc*-j0  
    op.parent = parID b/`'?| C  
    AddOperation eID, op 6P8X)3CE<T  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 )*B.y|b#  
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    '************************************************************************* ~]Jfg$'  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 3i1>EjML  
    '************************************************************************* &~EOM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) vbU{Et\^  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic P[~a'u  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant FE.:h'^h  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant wim}}^H  
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    '************************************************************************* Wj0([n  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ijfT!W  
    '************************************************************************* :>z0m0nI\  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) t1S\M%?  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic `7`iCYiTy  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost _'Z@ < ,L  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost !xSGZD=AD  
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    '************************************************************************* BH^q.p_#>X  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) t<-Iiq+tL  
    '************************************************************************* 0FBifK  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) VlH9ap  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) <v?-$3YT  
    count = 0 d?JVB  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .+.Pc_fv  
        GetOperation eID, count, op sE% n=Ww  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 
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            DeleteOperation eID,count /$E1!9J  
            count=count-1 MWB?V?qPSC  
        End If H)Yv_gT  
        count=count+1 d{Z  
    Wend b.F2m(e2  
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    'Set new z-shift lxbZM9A2  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" zT@vji%Y  
    op.val1 = tlens *ZHk^d:  
    op.parent = parID oPi)#|jcb  
    AddOperation eID, op Kgcg:r:  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens O1QHG'00  
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    '************************************************************************* aDs[\'  
    'Lens index of refraction 1cPi>?R:  
    '************************************************************************* %tpjy,
 
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ?U&o
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat bR.T94-8y  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 4JucNGv  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat &"=inkh  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens +IMP<  
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    '************************************************************************* =^6]N~*,D  
    'Pupil diameter rz4S"4  
    '************************************************************************* QJxcH$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) W /IyF){  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) {oO!v}]  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ^#;2 Pd>  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens p!=/a)4X  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) aXwFQ,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) h)sc-e
 
    count = 0 % 30&6"  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .iw+#  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ?k/Uw'J4u/  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }pA0mW9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count T2k5\r8  
            count=count-1 ${e{#  
        End If 8L0#<"'0  
        count=count+1 {jbOcx$t  
    Wend gq/q]Fm\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" W;2y.2*  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 =>&d
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    op.parent = parID jQc$>M<"o  
    AddOperation eID, op J-=&B5"O>  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam VsFRG;:\U  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description &6h,'U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;R}:2  
    GetEntity eID, entity fy7]
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ~u.CY  
    SetEntity eID, entity k: D<Q  
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    Update L_Om<LO2  
    Print "DONE!" <.#i3!  
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End Sub zK?[6n89f  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据：
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters !M\8k$#"n  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm `N;JM3 ck  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 E<Efxb'p  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 *IfLoKS'  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 7
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 bvi Y.G3  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 SK#;/fav6  
Set pupil diameter = 4 uK1DC i  
DONE! <t\!g  
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