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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 c Q:.V  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 V9[-# Ti  
    8.FBgZh*  
    模型 Pw i6Ly`  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ~CiVLS H=  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. }1E'a>^|  
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    光源 7OY<*ny  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 /z:pid,_0  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 `X[L62D  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 {* S8n09v  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 RU&,z3LEb  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 >^}nk04  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ,,1H#;j  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 AffVah2o:  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 P \<dy?nZ  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Q79& Q04XN  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 lU]/nKyd  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 %-ih$ZY  
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    分析 ;%"YA  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 =f'MiU!p6  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 $nN`K*%  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. w?_y;&sbR  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY p\lS ) 9  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION wI'8B{[  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4T#B7wVoM  
    Dim A As Double |lH~nU.*  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double dm3cQ<0  
    Dim eID As Long ECHl 9; +  
    Dim parID As Long K"'W4bO#7  
    Dim count As Integer OiPE,sv  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double BM bT:)%  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double _Eq*  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double :$Lu V5  
    Dim ok As Long p x;X}Cd  
    :%GxU;<E{  
    Sub Main y Q\K;  
    WBTdQG Q6  
        '用户输入对话框 $47cKit|k:  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 fsc^8  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :`BZ,j_  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 G<.p".o4  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 4u5^I;4pL  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 l:NEK`>i  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 9/Q_Jv-Q  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 S0.   
        End Dialog )@DT^#zR  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog $Yfm>4  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) AHsp:0Ma#  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ?>47!):-*  
            Print "Execution cancelled." rAqg<fR*  
            End TbyQ'MbUv  
        End If ) *:<3g!  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty $q#|B3N%  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then rg U$&O  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ?_9cFo59:  
        Else }N; c  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) r1:S8RT;H5  
        End If "kyy>H9)  
    ]9z{ 95  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then b6=.6?H@4f  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter S3nA}1R  
        Else n y6-_mA]  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) PN0l#[{EN  
        End If ?! dp0<  
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        Print " " \ ?['pB  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" s+?r4t3H!  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ai"Kd=R  
    Q7]:vs)%  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation !Dp4uE:Pq  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness s]Z/0:`  
    ,ZjbbBZ  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens !?B9 0(  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens yBO88rfh>  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens C/dqCUX:  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens kK!An!9C  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness *ie#9jA  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }8 A]  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation '3=[xVnv  
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        '************************************************************************* z<_{m 4I;  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) qNER 6  
        '************************************************************************* h &9Ld:p  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) H@2JL.(k  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity >L#&L ?#  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) @TC_XU)&  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z %,%s09tO  
        count = 0 g':mM*j&  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count kV"';a  
            GetOperation eID, count, op m *8[I  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,eD@)K_:  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 7~TE=t  
                count=count-1 Q(gu ";&  
            End If yNdtq\h  
            count=count+1 pgT{#[=>  
        Wend q{Hk27kt  
    "XMTj <D  
        'Set new shift in nU%rSASu  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" KZeRbq2 jJ  
        op.val1 = taq jy{T=Nb  
        op.parent = parID t`03$&Cx7  
        AddOperation eID, op iOm1U_S  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ],R rk]1  
    Jis{k$4  
        '************************************************************************* Rj9ME,u  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens =UA-&x@  
        '************************************************************************* {'G@-+K  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) /78gXHv  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic VcIsAK".4[  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant x_{ua0BLDf  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant MzYTEe&-L  
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        '************************************************************************* eSoOJ[&$  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens j#y_#  
        '************************************************************************* ' ^gF  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ULMG"."IH  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic \ntmD?kA  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost d6,%P 6  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost }Y[Z`w  
    //`heFuc]>  
        '************************************************************************* g1muT.W]S  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Y'Sxehx  
        '************************************************************************* F%bv vw*(  
    v>.nL(VLjP  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) LslQZ]3MY  
    g}|a-  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) "R+ x  
        count = 0 xZPSoxu  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `23&vGk}  
            GetOperation eID, count, op =A9>Ej/  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3lhXD_Y  
                DeleteOperation eID,count i;*c|ma1>  
                count=count-1 $&nF1HBI4  
            End If Pk[f_%0  
            count=count+1 j{>E.F2.  
        Wend Fp4eGuWH#  
    ;SeDxyKG  
        'Set new z-shift inZMq(_@$  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" F}<&@7kF  
        op.val1 = tlens UF=5k~7<b  
        op.parent = parID I(P|`"  
        AddOperation eID, op W!.UMmw`  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens rw8O<No4.o  
    ,ZV<o!\  
        '************************************************************************* 6(B0gBCId  
        'Lens index of refraction |OF<=GGO+  
        '************************************************************************* QE)I7(  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) @5\OM#WT~&  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat Q{b ZD*  
    B~-VGT 2o  
        mat.Nd = nlens -]~U_J]  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ;5ugnVXu  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 5&v'aiWK  
    )NRY9\H  
        '************************************************************************* G%;XJsFGp  
        'Pupil diameter @jN!j*Y H  
        '************************************************************************* KCq qwGM  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 5*[zIKdt2  
    l Vo](#W  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 1Ls@|   
    )9##mUt'}  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Vm_y,;/(-R  
    ].pz  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens n7 4?W  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B RG1/f d  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ;"!dq)  
        count = 0 &qz&@!`  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count i' %V}2  
            GetOperation eID, count, op RZjTUMAz4  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then T5B~CC'6  
                DeleteOperation eID,count :RzcK>Gub=  
                count=count-1 M ioS  
            End If 5oGnPF  
            count=count+1 i pjl[  
        Wend [esjR`u  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" <5@+:7Dv  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 H&[CSc  
        op.parent = parID TGdD7n&Ehh  
        AddOperation eID, op !-2nIY!  
    {Mp>+e@xx  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam K7M7T5<  
    lEQ 63)Z  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description gdSv) (  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |q^e&M<  
        GetEntity eID, entity }<uD[[FLB  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" jMcCu$i7  
        SetEntity eID, entity [ 8N1tZ{`  
    RQ y|W}d_  
        Update o ]2=5;)  
        Print "DONE!" w:r0>  
         L7G':oA_`p  
    End Sub 1{_tV^3@  
    ZL#4X*zT  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: h\Op|#gIT  
    }(Nb]_H  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ~d/Doi  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm } !pC}m  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Os*,@N3t  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 @,CCwiF'q  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 qXt2m  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ?q7V B  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 c;Hf+n  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 *^=`HE89S  
    DONE! *hF5cM[  
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    QQ:2987619807  &e7yX  
     
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