[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 VMF?qT3Nd  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 #
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模型 ;o)'dK  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 .Y2H
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. cQxUEY('+  
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光源 94O\M RQ*  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 vN v'%;L  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Y=|20Y\K  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 G6{'|CV  
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视网膜的散射 &?Erkc~
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 9W(&g)`  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Fab]'#1q4  
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脚本 XXX y*/P  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： NAtDt=  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 f*"T]AX0  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 :qqG%RB  
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分析 0+1!-
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 At<MY`ka  
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脚本代码 4Zu1G#(zP  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. wXp:XZ:]T  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 6 %aaK|0  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 3f^jy(  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL U5-8It2OR  
Dim A As Double |.RyF@N`T  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ng|
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Dim eID As Long {E(2.'d  
Dim parID As Long ed5oN^V.<  
Dim count As Integer oDD"h,Z  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Kv1~,j6  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double k ?6d\Q  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Hc<@T_h+2  
Dim ok As Long IQC[ewk  
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Sub Main 6~
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    '用户输入对话框 S]%,g%6i  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 r{d@74  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 R#ZJL

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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 xc@$z*w  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 3)CIqN  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 RAhDSDf  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 2.Ww(`swL  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Z
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    End Dialog #l&*&R~>  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog iNl<<0a  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 9?hF<}1XH}  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed _hl| 3 eW5  
        Print "Execution cancelled." D}}?{pe  
        End Z-ci[Zv  
    End If bG"FN/vg  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty :epB:r  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then saZK+kD4I  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation mYJ8O$  
    Else iNi1+sm  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) sl$y&C-  
    End If BB3a8  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then C^'r>0  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter c8  
    Else Z>3~n  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0Qeda@J  
    End If euT=]j  
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    Print " " yyu-y0_  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 91&=UUkK?  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" hTZ6@i/pS  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation N GnE  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness $,r%@'=&  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens NW0se DL  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ?Q=(?yR0]  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens U,yZ.1V^:  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness D1>*ml  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction [-Y~g%M  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation F:<+}{Av  
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    '************************************************************************* ] X]!xvN@  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) /i@.Xg@:  
    '************************************************************************* r/N
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) s/~[/2[bnf  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity <T.R%Jys  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) m^ar:mK@  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z KdHkX+-R  
    count = 0 hTby:$aCg  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count UBQtD|m\  
        GetOperation eID, count, op .':17 $c`H  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then u}R|q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count UDJ#P9uy  
            count=count-1 dE[X6$H[  
        End If G&wYV[Ln  
        count=count+1 +YCWoX2  
    Wend V5h_uGOD  
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    'Set new shift in g_tEUaiK  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5$Kv%U  
    op.val1 = taq Gk58VODo  
    op.parent = parID ^Vh^Z)gGi  
    AddOperation eID, op ^5 "yY2}-  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 l&] %APL  
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    '************************************************************************* HH
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens u5U^}<}y}  
    '************************************************************************* 9 s2z=^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ,e`n2)  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !VG ]~lc  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant n~w[ajC/  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 4T)`%Oo<}  
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    '************************************************************************* T|YMU?4  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens V*%><r  
    '************************************************************************* B=_5gZ4Y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ?5pZp~  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |N^8zo :  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 9dp4&&Z+F  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost a)+*Gf
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    '************************************************************************* Jl6biJx  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) VeFfkg4  
    '************************************************************************* 6(A"5B=\  

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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 11A;z[Zk  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) TPN1Rnt0`  
    count = 0 X1u\si%.4S  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #iD`Bg!VXc  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 90<a'<\|  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then KAr5>^<zw  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 2'ws@U}lR  
            count=count-1 a(`"qS  
        End If g
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        count=count+1 #xq|/JWs  
    Wend A4L.bBl  
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    'Set new z-shift -3y $j+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _*t75e$-  
    op.val1 = tlens 8)f/H&)>8  
    op.parent = parID 3?&P^{  
    AddOperation eID, op ,;h}<("q  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens h)r=+Q\'(S  
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    '************************************************************************* leXdxpc  
    'Lens index of refraction Q'^$;X~-<  
    '************************************************************************* Fcn@j#[J  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) B|AIl+y  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat /5f=a  
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    mat.Nd = nlens E,A9+OKxJ  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat "t>H B6^  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens fhki!# E8M  
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    '************************************************************************* $cO-+Mr-~  
    'Pupil diameter ch/DBu  
    '************************************************************************* %LnG^L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) kh"APxQ79  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Qer}eg`R  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" X&%;(`  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 5%fR9?)  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) )},/=#C0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) e
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    count = 0 '81WogH:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3pkx3tp{  
        GetOperation eID, count, op mGUG  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %cq8%RT  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 1z8fhE iiE  
            count=count-1 `S]DHxS  
        End If S^SF!k=  
        count=count+1 Ec!R3+  
    Wend _&$nJu  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" B,{Q[  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Ehtb`Ms  
    op.parent = parID )dRBI)P  
    AddOperation eID, op 6"o@d8>v  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam v<]$,V]  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description q{Gf@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ue!wo-|#G  
    GetEntity eID, entity $4>x4*  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" %T~LK=m  
    SetEntity eID, entity $&0\BvS  

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    Update }vX/55  
    Print "DONE!" #Gu(h(Z s  
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End Sub lUM-~  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 24d{ol)  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters od]1:8OF  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm W&9X <c*  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 FmtV[C#  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 'X1/tB8*  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 BGL-lJrG  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 #}nDX4jI  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Wg=4`&F^  
Set pupil diameter = 4 #j6qq3OG  
DONE! G\H|\i  
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