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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 h8)m2KrZ!.  
     A|90Ps  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 :MFF*1  
    5dNM:1VoE  
    模型 o]jPG  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 -yJ%G1R  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    -V_iv/fmM  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. F^/b!)4X  
    ~TvKMW6/#  
    光源 v"I#.{LiH=  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 O'L9 s>B  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 >[A7oH  
    #JD:i%  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 t~0!K;nn  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 1!P\x=Nn_  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 Mcfqo0T-  
    =uil3:,[S  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 4b/>ZHFOF;  
    vWh]1G#'p[  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ~ _G W  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本  nPRv.h  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Q?xCb  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 gZW(z  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 :+? w>  
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    分析 |J^}BXW'^)  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 :oeDksld  
    /y-eVu6  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 q dQQt5Y'm  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. U'oFW@Y;h  
    J`d_=C?J  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Muay6b?  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION : pkOZ+t  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4 >`2vb  
    Dim A As Double u_*DS-  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Vm]xV_FOd  
    Dim eID As Long F~Sw-b kSf  
    Dim parID As Long 9=5xt;mEs}  
    Dim count As Integer (ptk!u6  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double *u ^mf~  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double O =gv2e  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double MY w3+B+Jj  
    Dim ok As Long 4m"6$  
    }v4T&/vt-  
    Sub Main |x+g5~$  
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        '用户输入对话框 ;^f ;<  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 )[np{eF.k  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 EN-;@P9;C  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 B }t529Z  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 VtYrU>q  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 jzb%?8ZJ  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 g/(3D  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ESyb34T`  
        End Dialog !4vepa}Y  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Q`)iy/1M  
    UNF@%O4_T  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) c_Lcsn  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed R|'ftFebB.  
            Print "Execution cancelled." C-tkYP  
            End 59#o+qo4   
        End If <X "_S'O  
    p?V@P6h  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty aQHB  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then pQCocy  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation )N3XbbV  
        Else Ux-i iH#s  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) vJ9IDc|[  
        End If q(\kCUy!  
    60--6n  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then .X\9vVJ  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ^R h`XE  
        Else vX}#wDNP  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 3XSfXS{lwP  
        End If &HB!6T/  
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        Print " " &j?+%Y1n@  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" a98J_^n  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" oxNQNJ!X  
    gaWJzK Yc_  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Y6RbRcJw  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 0q o]nw  
    :kKdda<g#  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens !X4m6gRaP  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens e]*@|e4b  
    ht_'GBS)  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens c>%%'c  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens `5 Iaz  
    C;I:?4  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ows 3%  
    ;[B-!F>  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction gTb%c84  
    1O2jvt7M  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ']U<R=5T$  
    u$<>8aMei  
        '************************************************************************* PVaqKCj:6W  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) DCKH^J   
        '************************************************************************* )1gOO{T]h?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Kh7C7[&  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity uc Ph*M  
    "sYZ3  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) W!V-m  
    cRv#aV  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ?izl#?  
        count = 0 R!rj:f!>  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count c@Xb6z_>  
            GetOperation eID, count, op n;LjKE  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (W |;gQ  
                DeleteOperation eID,count {ObUJ3  
                count=count-1 \Vx_$E  
            End If Hm'aD2k  
            count=count+1 v}TFM  
        Wend AP+%T   
    6 IRa$h>H  
        'Set new shift in ^$s&bH'8  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" &l0 ,q=T  
        op.val1 = taq H'}6Mw%ra  
        op.parent = parID INY?@in  
        AddOperation eID, op ^s\T<;  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Nxr\Yey  
    q!{>Nlk  
        '************************************************************************* XD Q<28^  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens `L%<3/hF  
        '************************************************************************* D2I|Z  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) dOVu D(  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic OMAvJzK .  
    ZF@$3   
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant sh*/wM  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 7Q9| P?&:z  
    A<+1:@0  
        '************************************************************************* .Nk5W%7]=  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens |nBs(>b  
        '************************************************************************* o,RiAtdk  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) K[S)e!\.  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic  'Pxq>Os  
    1#9PE(!2  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost e~geBlLar  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost MzH'<`;BP  
    u82(`+B  
        '************************************************************************* :LCyxLI  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) OZEbs 7  
        '************************************************************************* $HCgawQ  
    xnHB <xrE}  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 3vdFO: j  
    f)mOeD*u|  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) <H$!OPV  
        count = 0 n=?wX#rEC#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /=g/{&3[a>  
            GetOperation eID, count, op nl~ Z,Y$  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then R_b4S%jhx  
                DeleteOperation eID,count r7FJqd  
                count=count-1 Bru];%Qg%  
            End If `g <0FQA  
            count=count+1 *c 9 S.  
        Wend V9jxmu F,  
    a#l ytp  
        'Set new z-shift E u<f  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" MRg Ozg  
        op.val1 = tlens ~n! & ~  
        op.parent = parID K0D|p$v  
        AddOperation eID, op }I1j#d0.  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens iCCe8nK  
    WNt':w^_  
        '************************************************************************* tEt46]{  
        'Lens index of refraction 4o"?QV:  
        '************************************************************************* 7 IJn9b  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :^U>n{   
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat T 2_iH=u  
    p:W{c/tV  
        mat.Nd = nlens vK`HgRQ(C  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat CM%;/[WBxy  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 97~>gFU77#  
    O<#8R\v  
        '************************************************************************* mX!*|$bs  
        'Pupil diameter o1"N{ Eu  
        '************************************************************************* .FV^hrJxI;  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) zl| XZ  
    pjl>ZoOM  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) )FPn_p#3]  
    [4aw*M1z}.  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" __zHe-.m  
    9Ofls9]U  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 3SI0etVr  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) NC Y2^  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ' sNiJ>  
        count = 0 &n#yxv4  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count {> 8?6m-  
            GetOperation eID, count, op K|OPtYeb  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then e]CoYuPr  
                DeleteOperation eID,count D _ 1O4/  
                count=count-1 nA{yH}D4  
            End If a>rDJw:  
            count=count+1 42p1P6d  
        Wend UvM4-M%2JN  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" h&n1}W+  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 xRdx` YYu  
        op.parent = parID _*n `*"  
        AddOperation eID, op H?!DcUg CC  
    QleVW  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam L[A?W  
    }/h&`0z `  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description :Ocw+X3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t`{T:Tjc  
        GetEntity eID, entity */_'pt  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 4T; <`{]  
        SetEntity eID, entity WUo\jm[yr  
    FvYciU!  
        Update (xoYYO  
        Print "DONE!" bar=^V)  
         s$? LMfT  
    End Sub SWY  
    MB $aN':  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: rGXUV`5Na  
    Sk1t~  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters "a}fwg9Y  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm vC `SD]  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ("r:L<xe&  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ^Il*`&+?P  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ,G5[?H;ZN  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 $COjC!M  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 7S&$M-k  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 &"I csxG  
    DONE! ^]'_Qbi]}  
    ^jUw4Dj~-q  
    GN9kCyPK  
    QQ:2987619807 RPte[tq  
     
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