[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 
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模型 >4-9 @i0FV  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Jf0i$  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. [k(b<'  
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光源 6`G8UDK>F  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 }~NXiUe  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 h:U#F )  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 $uJc/  
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视网膜的散射 {o5^nd  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 +Mhk<A[s  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Iu~<Y(8^q#  
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脚本 3&5b!Y  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 12hD*,A5j  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 N
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 6>;OVX  
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分析 Ycq )$7p  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Lj#xZ!mQS  
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脚本代码 N{&Lo}6F  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. WiB~sIp  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY QxxPImubB  
Dim op As T_OPERATION g6P^JW}.  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL QG~6mvD  
Dim A As Double Njr;Wa.r+  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Zlh 2qq  
Dim eID As Long ,Wu$@jD/]  
Dim parID As Long njZ vi}m~  
Dim count As Integer 'UxI-Lt  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double %#~wFW|]x  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double XqUQ{^;aI  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 0'.z|
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Dim ok As Long .-mIU.Nwi  
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Sub Main |e+3d3T35  
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    '用户输入对话框 r79P|)\  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 2yZ~j_AF[  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ebNRZJ?C,  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 VS ;y  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 (Fuu V{x|  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 "v`q%(TA  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 K5T1dBl,0  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 67&Q<`V1*q  
    End Dialog ~6Fh,S1?  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog $BgaLJs/O  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) \}u/0UF97  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ~*y7%L4B  
        Print "Execution cancelled." D|m0Vj b  
        End \v\ONp"  
    End If RU'a8j+W  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ]3,  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then -!qjBK,`X  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation u9~Ncz  
    Else F%&lM[N%  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) @NL<v-t  
    End If IDw`k[k  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Mt`LOdiC_  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter qLb~^'<iD  
    Else ~"vS$>+  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) &Ejhw3Nw  
    End If -AD`(b7q  
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    Print " " ^W%F?#ELN2  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" J%
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" k}E_1_S(  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation .>[l@x"  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Vj1V;d
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens I0Allw[  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens >eo[)Y  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens I~YV&12  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens S#oBO%!  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness [\<#iRcP  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction WHOy\j},V  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation z)v o  
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    '************************************************************************* 2vG X\W%3  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) !s/qqq:g  
    '************************************************************************* 'q~
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) "K9[P:nw  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity jck(cc=R  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -:'%YHxX  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z I9aiA
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    count = 0 sKKc_H3YSH  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3WwCo.q;m  
        GetOperation eID, count, op d/Wp>A@dob  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `EvO^L  
            DeleteOperation eID,count |Rx+2`6Dp  
            count=count-1 5%
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        End If !T:7xEr  
        count=count+1 'WmjQsf  
    Wend VB4V[jraCF  
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    'Set new shift in hS &H*  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $0P16ZlPC  
    op.val1 = taq # c1LOz  
    op.parent = parID Tmu2G/yi  
    AddOperation eID, op '~f*O0_  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 HOH5_E>d  
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    '************************************************************************* Evg#sPu\  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens VyYrL]OrA  
    '************************************************************************* TC'SDDX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) EXH,+3fQp  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |E$q S)y  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant BdU .;_K  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant cp~6\F;c  
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    '************************************************************************* CKFr9bT{  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ,|?#+O{  
    '************************************************************************* i,Z-UA|f=T  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #hs&)6Sf  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic G)b:UJa"  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost QqW N7y_9  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 5&L*'k
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    '************************************************************************* 8p}z~\J{a:  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) U61 LMH  
    '************************************************************************* %G6x\[,  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) fy$CtQM  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) o.|36#Fa  
    count = 0 Ygg(qB1q  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count x#
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        GetOperation eID, count, op ?aBAmyxm  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =F/R*5:T  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ^c.pvC"4j
 
            count=count-1 ^e =xEZD  
        End If iGj
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        count=count+1
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    Wend !{(crfXB  
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    'Set new z-shift (=gqqOOl~  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (k"0/*F4_  
    op.val1 = tlens `-b{|a J  
    op.parent = parID 'aD"v>  
    AddOperation eID, op Sa.nUj{M=  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Zg4wd/y?  
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    '************************************************************************* .9g :-hv  
    'Lens index of refraction @{3_7  
    '************************************************************************* VTDnh*\5  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) <.BY=z=H  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat /L! =##  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 5OOXCtIKf  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat RASk=B  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens SnvT !ca  
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    '************************************************************************* w+!V,lU"^  
    'Pupil diameter Ly v"2P  
    '************************************************************************* UN;U+5,t  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ^n4aoj  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) km lb,P  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" K@osD7-  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens @&Yl'&pn-R  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) n36@&q+B&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) P^lRJB<$Q  
    count = 0 PIQd=%?'  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count F<2gM#jLB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op XC/M:2$  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !l.^]|  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7s:c
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            count=count-1 OMYbCy^  
        End If }J\7IsM&  
        count=count+1 B4m34)EOE  
    Wend @fVz *  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" !|ic{1!_  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 7eZwpg?K  
    op.parent = parID 0.(7R,-  
    AddOperation eID, op P{2ED1T\  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam XwU1CejP0  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description < r b5'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >7W8_6sC<  
    GetEntity eID, entity /B{cL`<  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Ac +fL  
    SetEntity eID, entity ~"R;p}5"  
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    Update "Vwk&~B%  
    Print "DONE!" *t
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End Sub ?i~mt'O  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： UM+g8J{$*;  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters  /zir$  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm `
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Y#U0g|UDn  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 #'y^@90R  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 >lO]/3j1  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 UX?S#:h  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 *}ZKQ  
Set pupil diameter = 4 TP=#U^g*  
DONE! 8&#)}A}x  
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