[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 1.
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 CW:gEm+  
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模型 ?En7_X{C?  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 vSM_]fn  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. WL\^F#:  
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光源 W@B7yP7Rz  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 (5;D7zdA  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 cw+g z!!  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 <F=Dj*]  
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视网膜的散射 n+quSF)  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 B~_Spp  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 >h[(w  
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脚本 h]P/KV
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： !~d'{sy6  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 [tm[,VfA^  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 F;a3  
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分析 RH=$h! 5  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 =z-5  
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脚本代码 %|jzEBz@  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ;[caiMA-  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 3q CHh  
Dim op As T_OPERATION hpjUkGm5  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL A:c]1  
Dim A As Double |1i]L@&  
Dim pupilDiam As Double xDLMPo&  
Dim eID As Long !^1[ s@1  
Dim parID As Long ,$B
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Dim count As Integer H%cp^G  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (s Jq;Z  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double vu ?3
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double *) } :l  
Dim ok As Long R|H[lbw  
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Sub Main 3XGB+$]C  
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    '用户输入对话框 Lb^(E-  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 mw Z'=H  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 [NZ-WU&&LP  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 } m6\C5  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 WT?bBf  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 )+*{Y$/U  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 j,4,zA1j|  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 $kIo4$.Y$  
    End Dialog HrDTn&/  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog mHHzCKE,  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) L=,Y1nO:p  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ) (+)Q'*  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ;
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        End %P(;8sS  
    End If -}<d(c  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty fMyE&#}z  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then }U(\~ =D  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation C#ZhsWS!b  
    Else ckAsGF_B~!  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Pf{`/UlD  
    End If r
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 6EZ1YG}  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ;FcExg|k  
    Else 8znj~7}#  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0n\^$WY  
    End If Oq[i &  
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    Print " " /z..5r^,ZZ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" L#`7FaM?  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" UBL(Nr  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation c%jsu"  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness (LRNU)vD7$  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens &|s+KP|d  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens [k!-;mi   
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens T=^jCH &  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens L7s>su|c(
 
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness \>4v?\8o  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction FwXKRZa  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation V+peO  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) $Z,i|K;  
    '************************************************************************* t8t}7XD   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) A<mj8qz  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity U)u\1AV5  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >_&~!Y.Z=  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z T"n>h
 
    count = 0 RP,A!pa@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count D8)O4bh  
        GetOperation eID, count, op :0WkxEY9  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \s.1R/TyD  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 0[V&8\S~'T  
            count=count-1 z\e>DdS  
        End If +fC#2%VnU  
        count=count+1 IRlN++I!  
    Wend 1P(%9
 
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    'Set new shift in #DQX<:u  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 17WNJ  
    op.val1 = taq E}
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    op.parent = parID ls[Ls  
    AddOperation eID, op uo]Hi^r.l  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 1y},9ym  
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    '*************************************************************************  QpdujtH`  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens hO^&0
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    '************************************************************************* b^uP^](J  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) B*-ToXQQr  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >(IITt  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant -@YVe:$%b  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 4C l,Iw/;  
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    '************************************************************************* \Ku9"x  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens +L^A:}L(  
    '************************************************************************* pi^^L@@d  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) IW5*9)N?  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic `V]egdO  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost <{$ev&bQ  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost lAdOC5+JX  

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    '************************************************************************* eNIkiJ$uS  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) GCcwEl!K^  
    '*************************************************************************  6'RZ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &/B2)l6a  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 1$:{{%  
    count = 0 2"pE&QNd  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count gGtep*k  
        GetOperation eID, count, op y+K7WUwhq  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `U{o:  
            DeleteOperation eID,count p<Zs*  @  
            count=count-1 - XE79 fQ  
        End If 8C*6Fjb#  
        count=count+1 vDu0  
    Wend /Nj:!! AN  
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    'Set new z-shift qT4I Y$h  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" qPFG+~\c  
    op.val1 = tlens ~[d
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    op.parent = parID pr0@sri@  
    AddOperation eID, op h]J&A  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens }XfS#Xr1aV  
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    '************************************************************************* 8\qCj.>S  
    'Lens index of refraction OYqYI!N/  
    '************************************************************************* <Dt/Rad  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) % j[O&[s}  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat -4*'WzWr  
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    mat.Nd = nlens xZ9}8*Q&:  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat %\(y8QV  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $I}Hk^X  
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    '************************************************************************* 68&6J's;  
    'Pupil diameter 0[Xt,~  
    '************************************************************************* %{N$1h
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) (ybtXoQs  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) V e$5w}a4  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 877EKvsiC  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens E<zT  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) @yU!sE:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) wzHjEW  
    count = 0 jm#d7@~4  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l6&v}M  
        GetOperation eID, count, op .R$+#_  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then APHtJoS  
            DeleteOperation eID,count AhbT/  
            count=count-1 0p:ClM2O  
        End If *f0.=?  
        count=count+1 in=k:j,U0  
    Wend E&iWtwkz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (PsSE:r}+  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 RS||KA])J  
    op.parent = parID uhC=  
    AddOperation eID, op DuO%B  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ~`G;=ITo  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 6yu*a_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) L5zG0mC8  
    GetEntity eID, entity DSDl[;3O{s  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" UALg!M#  
    SetEntity eID, entity L!8 -:)0b  
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    Update JL.ydH79  
    Print "DONE!" r'9=
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End Sub
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： #5ohmp,u  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters G>q{~HE1  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm oxCs*  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 80s~ae;  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ArmL,  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 (AM,4)lW,  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 _Y ><ih  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 SVg@xu+  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Top#u  
DONE! g<hv7?"[  
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