[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 p gLhxc:  
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模型  EH2):  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 rwUhNth-Qh  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. hr.mzQd  
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光源 p%>!1_'(  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 V?JmIor  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 :%mlsNw  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 C'A D[`p  
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视网膜的散射 *B&i`tq  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 x?{l<m
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ]OKKR/:  
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脚本 su\Lxv  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： O>X!78]#K  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 !&KE">3Qu  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 p0Ij4   
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分析 E0r#xmk  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 \3U.;}0_X  
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脚本代码 O'k<4'TC  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ]a~gnz&1  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 2rP!]  
Dim op As T_OPERATION g ?%]()E  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ]tK<[8Y  
Dim A As Double J(,gLl  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 'OYnLz`"6  
Dim eID As Long #{bT=:3a  
Dim parID As Long Y5IQhV.  
Dim count As Integer It'PWqZtG  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 7&|&y SCu  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double c&L|e$C]  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double F JxH{N6a  
Dim ok As Long hdH-VR4  
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Sub Main P'5Q}7  
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    '用户输入对话框 bb`DyUy ^+  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 9qJ:h-?M  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 gAGcbepX  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 8g_GXtn(z  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 5=_))v<Tp  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 t+WUz#i"  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 +^aM(4K\  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 >RmL0d#B  
    End Dialog 0s%{m<  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog g>f_'7F&  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) \"=@uqar2  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 4L6'4t"s  
        Print "Execution cancelled." y
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        End Y5Z<uD  
    End If ?)c9!hR  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty V0$:t^^  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then XM*%n8q7#N  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation a: OuDjFp  
    Else `>}e 5  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) |f&=9%  
    End If Q|HOy8O}Z  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Q(YQ$i"S  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter _"";SqVB  
    Else }%eXGdC  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 9"k^:}8.  
    End If PEAo'63$  
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    Print " " k<NEauQ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" `zRm
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" M)CE%/P  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation };;6706a  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness uzUZuJ  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens !tofO|E5  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ghqq%g  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens lAPvphO  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens "@)9$-g  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness /F6=iHK(l  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction okZDxg`6  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation y\
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    '************************************************************************* P ".[=h  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) "V/6 nuCo  
    '************************************************************************* RZ&T\;m,7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) $]yHk  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity |cE 69UFB  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) kMLWF  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z H|0GRjC  
    count = 0 m0k~8^L@f  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &*#- %<=1  
        GetOperation eID, count, op tZ]/?+1G  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ("L&iu\`@  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ,2YkQ/>  
            count=count-1 |H'4];>R?  
        End If gf8DhiB  
        count=count+1 -q.tU*xf'  
    Wend jQiKof>  
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    'Set new shift in g0D(:_QXp:  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" amn\#_(  
    op.val1 = taq $fwv'  
    op.parent = parID sSMcF[]@2I  
    AddOperation eID, op RMx$]wn_  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 `'{>2d%\g  
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    '************************************************************************* @;we4G5  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Xn'{g  
    '************************************************************************* ,NQucp  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Ol~jq;75  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Sb&[V>!2^  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ni@N/Z?!pA  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Ty21-0F  
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    '************************************************************************* &K_"5.7-56  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens
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    '************************************************************************* aD1G\*AFJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 0OndSa,  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 1h.N &;vy  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Lii,L}  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost JEK6Ms;)A  
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    '************************************************************************* %C!u/:.Kv  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) n'yC-;  
    '************************************************************************* H\\0V.}!  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y^#jM  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) _Kp{
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    count = 0  G.3qg%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3JiJ,<,7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op n y7
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then v(T;Y=&  
            DeleteOperation eID,count J1^6p*]GX  
            count=count-1 meHAa`  
        End If $DmWK_A  
        count=count+1 Rl7V~dUY  
    Wend ik@g;>pQD  
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    'Set new z-shift "(6]K}k@  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" >bia FK>t  
    op.val1 = tlens J 00%,Ju_  
    op.parent = parID T>l=0a #  
    AddOperation eID, op HG2i^y  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens h\k!X/  
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    '************************************************************************* /;t42 g9w  
    'Lens index of refraction T#.5F7$u  
    '************************************************************************* $d4^e&s  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) K<O1PrC  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat T-)Ur/qp  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ]VifDFL
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat N@$g"w  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens [-X=lJ:+h  
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    '************************************************************************* _cqBp7  
    'Pupil diameter #{
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    '************************************************************************* j$h.V#1z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) *Z! #6(G  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ?lJm}0>  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Ht
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens {{c/:FTEU  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) e&G!5kz!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) / AFn8=9'^  
    count = 0 F6*n,[5(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count jTbJL  
        GetOperation eID, count, op wu5]S)?*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then hr&&"d {s  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 5Z]zul@+*  
            count=count-1 P9~7GFas|  
        End If 3fJGJW!zu  
        count=count+1 7mipj]
 
    Wend [:
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5;wA7@  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 .lVC>UT  
    op.parent = parID `+_UG^aeW  
    AddOperation eID, op -POV#1s  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam A`Vz5WB  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description R}MdBE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) V)M+dhl  
    GetEntity eID, entity R[Q`2ggG  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" aqq7u5O1
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    SetEntity eID, entity R=g~od[N_  
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    Update 1Zc1CUMG  
    Print "DONE!" >p4#AfGF  
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End Sub rQ -pD  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： E/mp.f2!  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters cn&\q.!fh  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Wk$ 7<gkr  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 +uMOT#KjR  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 j4j %r(  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Ws"eF0,'Z  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ?N2/;u>  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 J-t5kU;L{  
Set pupil diameter = 4 =h,6/cs  
DONE! fHTqLYd-  
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