[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 {Z#e{~m#  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 e"fN~`NhY  
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模型 AfRW=&xdT  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 zLsb`)!  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. <)O>MI' 4  
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光源 Q(510)  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 p^1zIC>F  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 %9C`  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 /gz:zThf{  
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视网膜的散射 l|YT[LR7  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 q!6|lZB3  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 8|O=/m^]  
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脚本 3bC+Mco  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： '\`6ot8  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ;54(+5pqx  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 x?"#gK`3;  
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分析 [*8Y'KX <  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 #^6^  
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脚本代码 u$%A#L[  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. KOey8tB)1  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 2j&v;dmh<  
Dim op As T_OPERATION vJ"i.:Gf4  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL )%mg(O8uL  
Dim A As Double BkawL,  
Dim pupilDiam As Double a(;!O}3_)(  
Dim eID As Long 2*[QZ9U[@  
Dim parID As Long FJeiY#us  
Dim count As Integer ;o0#(xVz  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double x5}lgyt  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double VWx]1\  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double .oqIZ\iik
 
Dim ok As Long wN97_Y=`n  
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Sub Main ]kD"&&HV  
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    '用户输入对话框 -)v@jlg02  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 _ \D"E>oM  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 nirDMw[  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 O^Q,-=tA\  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 .5w azvA  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 OcmRZ  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ` qUX.  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 %Jp|z? [/  
    End Dialog ! zL1;d  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog eF~dQ4RZ  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) dtZE67KS  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ),(V6@Z?  
        Print "Execution cancelled." }!p`1]gem  
        End t~``md4  
    End If IgIYguQ  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty cA)[XpQ:+W  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then n
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation H1/?+N}(  
    Else o`n$b(VZ  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) )5_jmW`n  
    End If ICC%,$C~l  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then mh.+."<)F  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ?QZ"JX])  
    Else ea'&xs#GK  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) x79Ha,  
    End If `R
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    Print " " -' g*^  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" *.#oxcll  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ?t](a:IX  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation asHxL!  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness as
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens CVNj-&vj  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens S35~Cp  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens e:'?*BYVg3  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 3ZEB  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction `d7n?|pD  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation km~Ll  
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    '************************************************************************* a.N{-2ptH  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) VTy9_~q  
    '************************************************************************* El\%E"Tk%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 7lV.[&aKW  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity I$q]. B  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) I9h ?;(  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z mKrh[nA  
    count = 0 yY?b.ty  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *Kdda} J+  
        GetOperation eID, count, op (hiyNMC
  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then IxLhU45  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 8NyJc"T<.  
            count=count-1 ~ab:/!Z  
        End If 'AN>`\mR$  
        count=count+1 3k#~yaoI  
    Wend nRyU]=-X  
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    'Set new shift in Zm6{n'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" sMu] /'7  
    op.val1 = taq .o) `m9/  
    op.parent = parID lXcx@
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    AddOperation eID, op wF((  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 % qV 6  
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    '************************************************************************* UQ{L{H   
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens /p8dZ
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    '************************************************************************* "[y-
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ZK>WW  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ` ,SiA-3*  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant /!c${W!sY  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant d_IAs  
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    '************************************************************************* IiG6<|d8H  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens tQS5hwm*  
    '************************************************************************* Q%xC}||1s"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) I:mr}mv=i  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic q FAT]{{  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost [eC2"&}  
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    '************************************************************************* V,%=AR5
 
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ,^C--tgZJg  
    '************************************************************************* H'  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0tXS3+@n=  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) s,]z[qB#$  
    count = 0 ME*LHr,  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g"}%2~Urf  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,^2>k3=  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Fvbh\m ~  
            DeleteOperation eID,count sVOyT*GY  
            count=count-1 G|!on<l&  
        End If ee^{hQi  
        count=count+1 ;IZwTXu!S  
    Wend R}!:'^  
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    'Set new z-shift /w}u3|L$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" e]zBf;9J  
    op.val1 = tlens y~U #veY  
    op.parent = parID x8V('`}j  
    AddOperation eID, op oYH^_V  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens z?R|Ok  
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    '************************************************************************* \D*KGd]M0  
    'Lens index of refraction <h:x=  
    '************************************************************************* "W955?4m  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) L?mrbay  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat %z,mB$LY  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ~d|A!S`  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ?kbiMs1;u  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens >I-RGW'A  
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    '************************************************************************* _x(o*v[Pt  
    'Pupil diameter Qp_i
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    '************************************************************************* [\v
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 5K>3My
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) <lx
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" _E@2ZnD2  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens =Y|Vg
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .WA-&b_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) x[~b2o  
    count = 0 lb4Pcdj  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4i)1'{e  
        GetOperation eID, count, op CkOz  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,8U&?8l  
            DeleteOperation eID,count "l3_=Gua  
            count=count-1 +Vb.lH[av  
        End If X( \AB  
        count=count+1 _S<3\%(0  
    Wend LG{,c.Qj*  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _{I3i:f9X8  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 XixL 
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    op.parent = parID x-WmMfcz&  
    AddOperation eID, op 8]M;T>n[  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam KKja/p  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description '}ptj@,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) c69C  
    GetEntity eID, entity #^u$  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" R1adWBD>  
    SetEntity eID, entity \FQRNj?'_  
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    Update g/ T   
    Print "DONE!" YqhAZp<  
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End Sub k3lS8d7  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： g!g#]9j  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 2%DSUv:H%  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm l5S aT,%  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 zJq~!#pZ  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 -o^7r@6  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 v,FU
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 LdYB7T,  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ]FJjgu<  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Mo|;'+  
DONE! }~YA5^VQ$  
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