[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 aiUY>M#|  
[({nj`  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 (`>+zT5aH  
%lhEM}Sm  
模型 \ a<h/4#|  
}OR@~V{Gj  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 )[6U^j4  
J?1 uKR  
^ogt+6c  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Gr'  CtO  
:{v#'U/^  
光源 D,*3w'X!K  
85$m[+md  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。
`pa!~|p  
L.2^`mZs  
.t-4o<7 3  
Oc#syfO  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ItVWO:x&v  
+F` S>U  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Wx}8T[A}  
z"L/G  
@Zu5VpJ  
w~A{(- dx  
视网膜的散射 YeL#jtC  
Dlae;5D  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 X6X $Pve  
0
B/,/KX  
wLH>:yKUU  
A*2jENgci  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。  hoUD;3  
ZRB)uA)5=  
Y@vTaE^w3  
Y|f[bw  
脚本 SiRaFj4s"  
oy=js -  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： =,=A,kI[;  
Y'S%O/$  
,t?B+$E  
^z IW+:  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 &\WSQmtto  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 [)M%cyQ   
2B[X,rL.pX  
分析 ?m}
s4a  
xd?f2=dd~h  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 _Xc8Yg }`  
p!7FpxZY  
OJuG~euy  
脚本代码 KNvZm;Q6  
Uw. `7b>B  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Nho>f  
>}8j+t&T  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY :'-/NtV)o?  
Dim op As T_OPERATION v5#jZ$<F  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL D9
=KXo^  
Dim A As Double @s;;O\  
Dim pupilDiam As Double q460iL7yF}  
Dim eID As Long x.!V^HQSN  
Dim parID As Long {0wIR_dGX  
Dim count As Integer Z, Yb&b  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double {j?FNOJn  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double $oID(P  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double wx= $2N6  
Dim ok As Long yy^q2P  
qpP=K $  
Sub Main @sW24J1q+  
M
#4pE_G  
    '用户输入对话框 _LEK%  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 _?m(V=z>  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 XH4  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 J s@hLP`  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 UT~4x|b:O  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ;;OAQ`  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 s 8jV(P(O  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ifMRryN4  
    End Dialog 1QcNp(MO  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog X8a/ `Y,  
a od-3"7[  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) 3</_c1~  
-8ywO"6  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed u^+7hkk  
        Print "Execution cancelled." X"|['t  
        End EPI4!3]  
    End If 9iIhte.  
m<
T%Rb4?@  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty %op**@4/t\  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 1y@i}<9F  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation Xv5wJlc!d  
    Else {Qf=G|Ah  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) <s31W3<v  
    End If wtQ++l%{G  
wj$<t'MN  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then `_Zg3_K.dS  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 36&e.3/#  
    Else J9--tJ?[>o  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ;s= l52  
    End If Q2w_X8  
KEo,m  
    Print " " WtsFz*`)y  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" a8e6H30Sm  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ~]IOK$1F%  
(&Kk7<#`  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation T?CdZc.
 
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ntX3Nt_n  
6RU~"C  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens t:x\kp  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Hh3X
\  
YlJ@
XpKM  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens
\$~|ZwV{  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens :S{BbQ){]  
\g`\`e53?  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness vFzRg
5lH  
j;+b0(53  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 7FP*oN?  
hn7# L  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 2. NN8PPD"  
1Z/(G1  
    '************************************************************************* e9Wa<i8  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) e }?db  
    '************************************************************************* gS!:+G%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) z3{G9Np  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity kr^P6}'  
:".ARCg  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y!aSs3c  
L:$ ,v^2  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 7JD' )
 
    count = 0 WH#1zv  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8?B!2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op dK$XNi13.5  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &)# ihK_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count R^8o^z['6u  
            count=count-1 k{R>  
        End If IEL%!RFG  
        count=count+1 <6%?OJhp  
    Wend nY[WRt w  
XFVE>
/H  
    'Set new shift in f <Zxz9  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" )
W,aN)1)  
    op.val1 = taq nK1Slg#U  
    op.parent = parID D=A&+6B@-  
    AddOperation eID, op F/,NDZN  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 V@.Ior}w  
zH72'"w  
    '************************************************************************* F$y$'Rzu_B  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ozyX$tp  
    '************************************************************************* (U DnsF  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) H5/6TX72N  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic rK8lBy:<  
Fk&c=V;SU  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ueogaifvB  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant "@^k)d$  
`z}?"BW|  
    '************************************************************************* +qN>.y!Y  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens &~cBNw|  
    '************************************************************************* xWH.^o,"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @Z_x.Y6  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %"i(K@  
M5LfRBO  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost c`)\Pb/O  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost  h},IF  
dohA0  
    '************************************************************************* u4cnE"  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) >%_\;svZG  
    '*************************************************************************  \{_q.;}  
R3f89  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) V5@:#BIs  
$j%'{)gK  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) /aCc17>2V{  
    count = 0 )EPjAv  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count u=*FI  
        GetOperation eID, count, op olB.*#gA  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;$,U~0  
            DeleteOperation eID,count G{~J|{t\yz  
            count=count-1 tn\yI!a  
        End If Pjf"CW+A  
        count=count+1 G6Axs1a  
    Wend @Rze| T.  
*}qWj_RT  
    'Set new z-shift b<[Or^X ]  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" e-
/&$Qq  
    op.val1 = tlens )th<,Lo3#  
    op.parent = parID 20h} [Q(  
    AddOperation eID, op 4/~E4"8  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens AEI>\Y  
H064BM  
    '************************************************************************* 'T;P;:!\  
    'Lens index of refraction ,$L4dF3  
    '************************************************************************* s*KhF'fN  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) kOrZv,qFG[  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat {GT*ZU*  
& bm 1Fz  
    mat.Nd = nlens #<"~~2?  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat %bn jgy  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens !<8W {LT  
sRR(`0Zp  
    '************************************************************************* S"QWB`W2  
    'Pupil diameter CT<7mi!  
    '************************************************************************* A/$QaB,x  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) V*;(kEqj  
ha<[bue  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) e(;,`L\*  
r EE1sy/#  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" B2vh-%63  
|Pax=oJ\M  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \A#41  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) a 7V-C  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) wh`"w7
br  
    count = 0 T@B/xAq5!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Zd%k*BC  
        GetOperation eID, count, op K:[F%e  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then oG?Xk%7&\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count /)>3Nq4Zx  
            count=count-1 |$Sedzj'  
        End If !;v|'I  
        count=count+1 hpX9[3  
    Wend ^ig' bw+WS  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `UyG_;  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 `:K
Y\  
    op.parent = parID UYJZYP%r  
    AddOperation eID, op wH&!W~M  
;(Or`u]Dr  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam s WvBv  
'3fu  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description qS$Ox?Bw#u  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dt]-,Y  
    GetEntity eID, entity L|7R9+ZG  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Qx#"q'2  
    SetEntity eID, entity &i6mW8l  
#&aqKVY  
    Update G`61~F
%  
    Print "DONE!" U(g:zae  
     hd<c&7|G'  
End Sub F^BS/Yag  
&%DY\*  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Y eo]]i{  
dn
+KH+v  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters \'D0'\:vz  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 5L%'@`mX  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 n
M*%o-  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 =s2*H8]  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ,!y$qVg'\f  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Y"aJur=`  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 S`0(*A[W*  
Set pupil diameter = 4 & l&:`nsJ  
DONE! q,|j]+
9q  
9}<ile7^  
+gtbcF@rx  
QQ：2987619807 JIOR4'9