[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 YgNt>4K  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 //nR
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模型 dq28Y$9~  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 WLd{+y5#  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. xAw$bJj~s  
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光源 U+F?b\  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Xi^3o  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 1P:r=Rt/  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 97lM*7h;  
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视网膜的散射 I&?(=i)N  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ]pp
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 w?)v#]<-  
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脚本 y! he<4  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 9otA5I^v  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ++d(}^C;  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 g+;)?N*j  
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分析 /fC@T  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 z/6/   
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脚本代码 ~WXT0-,  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. WBD e`  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY vH/z|<  
Dim op As T_OPERATION =!u9]3)  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Y^80
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Dim A As Double }#}IR5`=E  
Dim pupilDiam As Double SQ!wq  
Dim eID As Long [ fvip_Pt  
Dim parID As Long VP[
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Dim count As Integer ,_;+H*H>
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 'zCJ
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double vH/<!jtI  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double H }w"4s  
Dim ok As Long Ylbh_ d~BU  
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Sub Main gM_z`H5[!  
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    '用户输入对话框 7|4hs:4mD  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 c@9jc^CJ  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 V ;Kzh$^rk  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 vJ5`:4n"  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 7L~LpB  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 <Wc98m  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 N!Dc\d=8q]  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 >;V ?s]  
    End Dialog E*VUP5E  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ~XAtt\WS  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 9Fb|B  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Zwy8SD'L  
        Print "Execution cancelled." [P,YW|:n  
        End Hik8u!#P  
    End If n+Ofbiz@  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty F02S(WWo;  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <SM{yMz  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation <L|eY(:  
    Else `H+~LVH  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Ar&]/X,WG  
    End If #hL<9j  

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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 2>~{.4PI  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 86Q\G.h7  
    Else }G^Bc4@b  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2)
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    End If !wH7;tU  
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    Print " " 9>~UqP9  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 48X;'b,h  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ;0*T7l  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation lK;/97Ze  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness {SH+lX0]{  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens jR~2mf!h*e  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Gy{C*m7Q  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 0l#{7^e  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 5G.A\`u%  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness -:9E+b  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction l!Q |]-.@  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ow:}NI  
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    '************************************************************************* 6itp Mck  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) bni :B?#  
    '************************************************************************* (QQ/I;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) C~o6]'+F_  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity g Z3VT{  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mo%9UL,#W  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z "B`yk/GM]  
    count = 0 y7M"Dr%t^  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count e-<fkU9^W  
        GetOperation eID, count, op YpQ/ )fSEV  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =x "N0p  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [uO
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            count=count-1 [~$Ji&Dd  
        End If Ko%&~C_  
        count=count+1 (:3rANY|  
    Wend S9X
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    'Set new shift in F?2(U\k#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" *au&ODa  
    op.val1 = taq }vBk,ED  
    op.parent = parID Zab5"JR  
    AddOperation eID, op \~ O6S`,  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 cWIX!tc8  
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    '************************************************************************* -05zcIVo  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens |YjuaXd7N  
    '************************************************************************* YIs(Q
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) rC~hjViG.  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic rlu{C4l  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant A S;ra,x  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant j
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    '************************************************************************* :,<e  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens \2i4]
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    '************************************************************************* m;o \.s  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) *g&[?y`UC  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic MO)N0{.b  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost "^~f.N  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost CD1}.h  
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    '************************************************************************* w C]yE\P1
 
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface)
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    '************************************************************************* }_}C ^  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) pc}Q_~e  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) X tZ0z?  
    count = 0 Bn*D<<{T  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5T}$+R0&  
        GetOperation eID, count, op W|~Lmdzj  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Q/4g)(~J  
            DeleteOperation eID,count AR'q2/cw  
            count=count-1 I"*g-ji0  
        End If  ~d_Z?Z  
        count=count+1 uy{mSx?td  
    Wend %*]3j^b Q+  
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    'Set new z-shift =3lUr<Ze  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" O-:#Q(H!  
    op.val1 = tlens [(}f3W&  
    op.parent = parID '#[U7(lIQ  
    AddOperation eID, op ^dH#n~Wx0  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Y[Us"K`  
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    '************************************************************************* rP,i,1Ar 4  
    'Lens index of refraction qQ%zSJ?  
    '************************************************************************* punc'~  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) AS`0.RC-  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat GEfX,9LF&  
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    mat.Nd = nlens RvV4SlZz
 
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat =K{$?%"  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens y.5mYQA4=[  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Pupil diameter vG#|CO9  
    '************************************************************************* wlBdA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 2fTkHBhn&  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) G+AD &EHV  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ja70w:ja  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens r Y|'<$wvg  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #*#4vMk<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 8dq{.B?  
    count = 0 D|9C|
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count o %A4wEye  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %l[Cm4  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :1eI"])(  
            DeleteOperation eID,count `rW{zQYM  
            count=count-1 P1=bbMk  
        End If 3lhXD_Y  
        count=count+1 i;*c|ma1>  
    Wend $&nF1HBI4  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Pk[f_%0  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 j{>E.F2.  
    op.parent = parID g$kK)z  
    AddOperation eID, op ;SeDxyKG  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam )QaI{ z  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description I(P|`"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) W
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    GetEntity eID, entity $$<9tqA  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" >BMJA:j  
    SetEntity eID, entity 7<x0LW  
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    Update vLDMa>  
    Print "DONE!" t= "EbPE  
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End Sub |^C?~g  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ./jkY7 k  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters I/jMe'Kp  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 39S}/S)  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 %MU<S9k  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ,AGK O,
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 FoWE<  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 \K`AO{ D@  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 4otB1{  
Set pupil diameter = 4 *'`ByS  
DONE! z 4Qz9#*"^  
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