[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 L5j%4BlK/  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 z}z 6Vg  
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模型 DElrY)3O.  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 "\`>Ll  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. bo|3sN+D  
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光源 sFbN)Cx  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ?DrA@;IB  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 "zZZ h  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 h"3Mj*
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视网膜的散射 nr]:Y3KyxX  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 9y+0Zj+.  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 cw"Ou%  
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脚本 ? FlQ\q  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： (Cb;=:3G  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ^_gH}~l+U  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 XY^]nm-{I  
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分析 Qg]+&8!*  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 6UKZ0~R  
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脚本代码 Qo~|[]GE  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. +L|x^B3  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY jS ?#c+9  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 5=&ME(fmV  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL N 9W,p2  
Dim A As Double i__f%j`!W  
Dim pupilDiam As Double t0_4jVt  
Dim eID As Long YeS5%?Fk  
Dim parID As Long hVIv->  
Dim count As Integer A<_{7F9  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double MY}/h@  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Ggry,3X3  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double kvG.?^ v  
Dim ok As Long c] -  
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Sub Main zygH-3C7o  
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    '用户输入对话框 2<9&OL  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 d$^@$E2f  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 a<J<Oc!  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ^8KxU  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 <JIqkGeAi  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ,rV;T";r  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 d uP0US  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 8*;>:g  
    End Dialog 2@W`OW Njm  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog RN&6z"|jR  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) CG;+Z-"X  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 10Q!-K),p  
        Print "Execution cancelled." U1`pY:P  
        End W_6gV  
    End If +|Izjx]
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty n-g#nEc:  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then +p[O|[z  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation x2TE[#><  
    Else G5%k.IRz  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ;l^'g}dQ^  
    End If pedyWA>  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Lr9E02  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter k!bG![Ie|  
    Else I@5$<SN  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) B2Rpd &[  
    End If bI^F(  
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    Print " " n0G@BE1Y=  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" B" _Xst  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" fda4M  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness }t:*w  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Nv|0Z'M  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 2'@
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens u@P1`E1Q  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens aK_k'4YTm  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness bN6i*)}  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction O\gVB!x  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation )c?nh3D  
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    '************************************************************************* :Gzp (@<@e  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Jz*A!Li  
    '************************************************************************* _0ZU I^#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) }#2(WHf=<  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity F(ZczwvR  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 'vYt_T  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z u%6b|M@P  
    count = 0 hd,O/-m#  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -r]L MQ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 7G7"Zule*j  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then bR1Q77<G\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count  -PU.Uw]  
            count=count-1 OOXP1L  
        End If (Q&O'ng1  
        count=count+1 d'H gek{T  
    Wend 4?+jvVq  
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    'Set new shift in ]>ndFE6kl  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" P!IXcPKW53  
    op.val1 = taq HIt9W]koO  
    op.parent = parID nywC]T  
    AddOperation eID, op ]rNxvFN*j  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 d{7)_Sbky  
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    '************************************************************************* -3y
  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ~;YkR'q0_  
    '************************************************************************* 9Zmq7a E  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Ed{sC[j=  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic +F%tBUY{<  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant /d/]#T[Z9  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant F~hH>BH9  
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    '************************************************************************* VR%*8=  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ykH@kv Qt  
    '************************************************************************* xP
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) F
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Xy`'h5  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost rhX?\_7o  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost :7JP(j2  
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    '************************************************************************* 94]i|2qj*  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 5*Qzw[[=  
    '************************************************************************* ts("(zI1E  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,U+>Q!$`\^  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ( z F_<  
    count = 0 g!r)yzK  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 
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        GetOperation eID, count, op CC'N"Xb  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then <b\8<mTr  
            DeleteOperation eID,count yu>;m.e_  
            count=count-1 LyR<cd$W  
        End If 1mR@Bh  
        count=count+1 -V[!qI  
    Wend p,uM)LD  
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    'Set new z-shift O*x~a;?G  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" }odjaM}5Nc  
    op.val1 = tlens Fg'{K%t4  
    op.parent = parID +"JWsD(C(  
    AddOperation eID, op Z!jJ93A"  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 'z)cieFKP  
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    '************************************************************************* G `B=:s]  
    'Lens index of refraction L|1~'Fz#w  
    '************************************************************************* -7o-d-d F  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) rSm#/)4A  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat t("koA=.  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 'WBhW5@  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat (?lT @RY/  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Jw^my
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    '************************************************************************* FL&Y/5  
    'Pupil diameter 8]O#L}"  
    '************************************************************************* #e[r0f?U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 7s2*VKr  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 5lM 3In@  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" O'.{6H;t  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens >?G!>kw  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) No+BS%F5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) g2rH"3sC  
    count = 0 qLKL*m  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3O_O5  
        GetOperation eID, count, op P=9UK`n  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then YB^m!A),I[  
            DeleteOperation eID,count FP
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            count=count-1 /'_Yct=  
        End If Gc5mR9pV   
        count=count+1 &NbSG
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    Wend |<y1<O>F  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /Bk`3~]E>  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 2 '$nz  
    op.parent = parID k)8*d{*  
    AddOperation eID, op 77 Z:!J|  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam WU.eeiX  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description YG*}F|1  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) RQ#9[6w!v  
    GetEntity eID, entity -7J~^m2x  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" D$w?  
    SetEntity eID, entity 2Qc_TgWF  
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    Update km`";gUp>  
    Print "DONE!" at2)%V)  
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End Sub F<dhG>E9  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： LA(/UA3Izd  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters "avG#rsH  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ')2LP;(  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 89P7iSV#*  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 /R6\_oM  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ygK,t*T20  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 xf|C{XV@H  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 %/!f^PIwX  
Set pupil diameter = 4 "{~^EQq,  
DONE! bhfKhXh8  
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