[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 G'A R`"F  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 7Jho}5J  
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模型 Dm<A ^
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 'q:`? nJ^  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. B&uz;L3  
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光源 e**qF=HCw  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 <W$mj04@  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 y_lU=(%
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 jtc]>]6i  
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视网膜的散射 .ctw2x5W  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 v z '&%(  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 HCC#j9UN6  
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脚本 u5f9Jw}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： b2&0Hx  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 n8ZZ#}Nhg  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 -z%^)VE  
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分析 x-&@wMqkc  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 nk's_a*Z  
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脚本代码 %^1V4  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. +}os&[S  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ,M ^<CJ  
Dim op As T_OPERATION aQ\$A`?  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL >V8-i`  
Dim A As Double K} X&AJ5A  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ML56k~"BL  
Dim eID As Long 7}5JDG
 
Dim parID As Long Sw,+p  
Dim count As Integer +E(L\  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double <&g,Nc'5C  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double EaY?aAuS:  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double O`t&ldU  
Dim ok As Long p}pjfG  
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Sub Main XW)lDiJl  
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    '用户输入对话框 L2i_X@/  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 4*cEag   
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 a![{M<Y~  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 j[J-f@F \Y  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 #r~#
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 q\4Xs$APq  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1  B Qxs~  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Zaf:fsj>  
    End Dialog .2Elr(&*h  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ?ri?GmI|  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ,Np0wg0  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed W/bQd)Jvk  
        Print "Execution cancelled." :zke %Yx  
        End 8COGsWK  
    End If z3m85F%dR  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty k:#!zK}  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 6@F9G4<Z  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ;)z:fToh  
    Else Nv}=L : E  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ' ;FnIZ  
    End If DGn;m\B  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then a;qryUyG  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter +RMSA^  
    Else -[9JJ/7y  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Q}K"24`=  
    End If G3vxjD<DMW  
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    Print " " *:LK8U  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" /1V xc 6  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" $)ijN^hV  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness gpvYb7Of0  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Zd}9O jz5  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens FF(#]vz'  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens O1U=X:Zl  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens  Rn(ec  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Ml{Z  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ~"&|W'he[  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation #@9/g  
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    '************************************************************************* wc NOLUl  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ~hnQUS`A  
    '************************************************************************* JPc+rfF  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) k"T}2 7  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 0KcyLAJ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) P}y +G|  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z RXpw!  
    count = 0 Pg0x/X{t  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count GmeQ`;9,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &0OG*}gi  
            DeleteOperation eID,count hOu3 bA  
            count=count-1 ,.83m%i  
        End If jk; clwyz/  
        count=count+1 x=hiQ>BIO0  
    Wend @fZ,.2ar  
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    'Set new shift in HZzDVCU  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" .779pT!,M
 
    op.val1 = taq L%*!`T
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    op.parent = parID 
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    AddOperation eID, op Sz)' ogl  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 SO|NaqWa  
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    '************************************************************************* 5,Jp[bw{H{  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens zUkgG61  
    '************************************************************************* ^pAAzr"h
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) nX6u(U  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic g|DF[  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant rxgbV.tx  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant $k@O`xD,q  
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    '************************************************************************* ?>D+ge  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens (^
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    '************************************************************************* F 5bj=mI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) b@gc{R}7  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Xk~D$~4<  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost vsCCB}7\  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ~9a<0Mc?  
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    '************************************************************************* nMq,F#`3N  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Sxt"B  
    '*************************************************************************  acajHs  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) GfxZ'VIn  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) <.x{|p  
    count = 0 fy>{QC\  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count . oF &Ff/[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op .LPV#&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then qTRsZz@  
            DeleteOperation eID,count !_]Y~[  
            count=count-1 9Z@hPX3.  
        End If :;RMo2Tl  
        count=count+1 @
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    Wend ?hZAxR\  
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    'Set new z-shift Avge eJi  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" )!th7sH  
    op.val1 = tlens |{z:IQLv  
    op.parent = parID p,EQ#Ik  
    AddOperation eID, op "(3[+W{|  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens gDQ^)1k  
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    '************************************************************************* j2t7'bO_  
    'Lens index of refraction JK7G/]j+Ez  
    '************************************************************************* 9@SC}AF.  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) !{+,B5 Hc  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 5N#aXG^9  
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    mat.Nd = nlens |%BOZT  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat b<tNk]7  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens n2"a{Ofhlf  
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    '************************************************************************* KaLzg5is  
    'Pupil diameter HDz5&7* .  
    '************************************************************************* {X!r8i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) SpIv#?  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) &pxg. 3  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Ij7p'a  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 7zl5yKN  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2,y|EpG#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) [CTnXb  
    count = 0 eFB5=)l
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :;v~%e{k  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ^7`BP%6  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (=FRmdeYl1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 3xy<tqfr  
            count=count-1 WSPI|#Xr%  
        End If zF@/K`  
        count=count+1 _f7 9wx\B  
    Wend "-E\[@/  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" =?5]()'*n  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 h!,v/7=  
    op.parent = parID FBG4pb9=~  
    AddOperation eID, op b35fs]}u-6  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam  >^O7  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description mwO6g~@`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) qRu~$K  
    GetEntity eID, entity RV1coC.g4x  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" B4ZBq%Z_  
    SetEntity eID, entity xPdG*OcX!  
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    Update }czrj%6  
    Print "DONE!" XjBW9a  
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End Sub &L3M]  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： B 5L2<  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters _OYasJUMG  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm m1b?J3  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ??5Q)Erm1  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 g%o(+d  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 mb1FWy=3  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 UB@Rs|)  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +tB=OwU%0  
Set pupil diameter = 4 rDtY[  
DONE! SV4E0c>  
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