[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Jf<+VJ>t  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 B(
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模型 (+'*_   
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 XWQp-H.  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. HtWuZq;w  
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光源 <a@'Pcsk  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 :Gyv%>.  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ,(0q  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 k(>hboR5n  
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视网膜的散射 4zyy  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 I4%&/~!  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 T7eo_Mn  
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脚本 Vw7NLTE}`  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： (dO, +~  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 IZ /Md@C  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 "T4Z#t  
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分析 '\ec ,&4Z  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 W2Y%PD9a  
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脚本代码 J[fjl6p  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Yv!%Is  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY mVGQyX  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ^` N+mlh  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n m4+$GW  
Dim A As Double D6!`p6r+  
Dim pupilDiam As Double [4,=%ez  
Dim eID As Long eaQ)r?M  
Dim parID As Long @$ E&H`da  
Dim count As Integer <_&H<]t%rI  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double  ajF-T=5  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3QSP](W-(  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double |}paa  
Dim ok As Long 9W$FX  
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Sub Main l v]TE"  
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    '用户输入对话框 `mV&[`NZ  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 R.Xh&@f`  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 N(0G!sTI  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 9J
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Q:$<`K4)  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 wowv>!N!X-  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 #)`N  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 )F;`07  
    End Dialog +ZeHZjd  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog H)S&sx#q]  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 8"R;axeD  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed +VSJve |  
        Print "Execution cancelled." R%
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        End &VtTUy}  
    End If xwG=&+66  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty gZ6]\l]J{  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 5I9~OJ>  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation v5U\E`)s  
    Else +$M%"=tk  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) VA*~RS  
    End If [80jG+6  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then WT$m*I  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter K@lZuQ.1  
    Else =E@wi?  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) VR/7
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    End If lquY_lrri  
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    Print " " CYA#:  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ;Hr FPx&d1  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 46c7f*1l  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation jH26-b<  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ^LgaMmz  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens "/6<k0.D&  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ?eD,\G  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens w8E6)wF=7  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 6v7H?4  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 1jU<]09.  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction tpw0j CVu  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation kgfOH.P  
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    '************************************************************************* #|'&%n|Z  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) b'Cy!dr  
    '************************************************************************* Wlm%W>%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) PGZ.\i  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity !{5jP
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fRKO> /OT  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z IgH[xwzy[  
    count = 0 Rt!G:hy7  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lN94 b3_W  
        GetOperation eID, count, op bZ c&uq_  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then weCRhA  
            DeleteOperation eID,count .-[uQtyWW  
            count=count-1 nnLE dJ}n  
        End If Hm2}xnY  
        count=count+1 Rz% Px:M  
    Wend {?*3Ou  
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    'Set new shift in 5Gm,lNQAv  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" pjr,X+6o  
    op.val1 = taq UEmNT9V  
    op.parent = parID mlCw(i,  
    AddOperation eID, op SpbOvY=>  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 cQDn_Sjhi  
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    '************************************************************************* U1(<1eTyu  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens hY=#_r8  
    '************************************************************************* -DDH)VO  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 9u<4Q_I`  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %0 (,f  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant >QRpRHtb  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant :@KU_U)\  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens =1g
  
    '************************************************************************* q,-bw2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) g2%&/zq/  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $(v1q[ig  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 7M#2Tze}  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost [G:wPp.y  
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    '************************************************************************* ?,e7v.b
 
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) *IWO ,!  
    '************************************************************************* 01Bs7@"+  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 'J~{8w,.  
    count = 0 \y?Vou/  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5|YpkY  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Dg~r%F
 
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then J$6tCFD  
            DeleteOperation eID,count g2L^cP>2  
            count=count-1 \/,54c2  
        End If FyYD7E  
        count=count+1 QXx<Hi^ /  
    Wend %g7 !4  
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    'Set new z-shift Q#NXJvI  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" W6f?/{Oo8  
    op.val1 = tlens x,YC/J  
    op.parent = parID &UH .e  
    AddOperation eID, op u '-4hU  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens =*0<.Lo':  
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    '************************************************************************* `Q?rQ3A}  
    'Lens index of refraction -U;2 b_  
    '************************************************************************* D?~`L[}I!}  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) BeZr5I"`}  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat <i34;`)b  
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    mat.Nd = nlens UD1R_bL}  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat =$3]%b}  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens |x*~PXb  
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    '************************************************************************* +O P8
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    'Pupil diameter b|| c^f  
    '************************************************************************* 'Ba Ba=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) e"HA.t[A  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) [#$:X+lw  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" W0%cJ8~  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens V+My]9ki  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) MKIX(r(|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) dH"wYMNL  
    count = 0 mX))*e4k  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _bB:1l?V  
        GetOperation eID, count, op qP? V{N  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then q_PxmPE@3v  
            DeleteOperation eID,count \fG?j@Qx  
            count=count-1 3>X]`Oj7y  
        End If SYkLia(Ty  
        count=count+1 tA'O66.  
    Wend Y?G9d6]Lk6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y?Ph%i2E  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 >t_5(K4  
    op.parent = parID ?B> {rj  
    AddOperation eID, op  ,r\  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam nojJGeW%  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description G3O`r8oZcJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) <u>l#weG,  
    GetEntity eID, entity e7X#C)  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Cx(|ZD^  
    SetEntity eID, entity 82ay("ZY  
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    Update 67Z@Hg  
    Print "DONE!" ;"/[gFD5u  
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End Sub &&Ruy(&]I  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： wyF'B  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 0X6|pC~  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm D; xRgHn  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 WE;QEA/
 
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 xZ'-G6O "~  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 G Y??q8  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 .W4P/Pw'  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 !EO
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Set pupil diameter = 4 ?U+^ctwv7  
DONE! FvX<(8'#a  
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