[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 @+zWLq!1pB  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 '3^q
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模型 v4E=)?  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 oI`Mn3N  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. "]p
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光源 0e#PN@  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 d)biMI}<5  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ]<YS7.pT  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 8r[TM  
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视网膜的散射 K\B!tk  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 s/J7z$NEU  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 gU&+^e >  
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脚本 n{<@-6  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： RWM~7^JA  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 +RpCh!KP  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 B/lIn'=  
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分析 @|ZUyat  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ,*l
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脚本代码 W2$rC5|  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. N@k' s  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY yCkWuU9  
Dim op As T_OPERATION \J?&XaO=  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL q\!"FDOl4  
Dim A As Double Dqwd=$2%  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ?Y\WSI?i  
Dim eID As Long VY~*QF~P  
Dim parID As Long UBQtD|m\  
Dim count As Integer Z(4/;v <CT  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double p\'X%R  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double RmKbnS$*q  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double /#_[{lSr?  
Dim ok As Long v\!Cq+lFML  
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Sub Main $ <[r3  
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    '用户输入对话框 32J/   
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 5$Kv%U  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Gk58VODo  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1  L=!h`k  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 &2@Rc?!6_P  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 wp~KrUlR  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 yl' IL#n]r  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 h=YTgJ  
    End Dialog Bgsi$2hI  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog {}" <  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) O6-';H:I]L  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed E){ODyk  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 9*n?V;E  
        End [["eK9}0  
    End If LG("<CU  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 4uE/!dT  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then eeBw\
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation T0@<u  
    Else a{ByU%  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ]wbV1Y"
 
    End If cUi6 On1C  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 6(A"5B=\  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ^\VVx:]  
    Else 11A;z[Zk  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) [zrFW g6N  
    End If <1~_nt~(*  
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    Print " " KmD#I
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" *'n=LB8R  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" yWH!v]S  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation YZ->ep}  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ?FZ) LZM  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ?%Pi#%P  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens +-hfl/$  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens RtaMrG=D  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens \/m-G:|  

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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness =| r% lx  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ?*QL;[n1  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation @_#]7  
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    '************************************************************************* [/J(E\9  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) B-$ps=G+z  
    '************************************************************************* j#VR>0oC]\  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9J}^{AA  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity \&v)#w  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) a7z%)i;Z  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z |A)a =
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    count = 0 'z};tIOKJk  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ]#FQde4]5  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3HndE~_C&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then AD'c#CT  
            DeleteOperation eID,count \%#
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            count=count-1 17ynFHMd,  
        End If  7"])Y  
        count=count+1 6s:  
    Wend '"V]>)  
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    'Set new shift in xI5zP? _v  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^%33&<mB}  
    op.val1 = taq pG$l   
    op.parent = parID wqt/0,\  
    AddOperation eID, op jXyK[q&O&  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 l]5!$N*  
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    '************************************************************************* Ec!R3+  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens _&$nJu  
    '************************************************************************* Ke\FzZ]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 69``j{Z+  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *iVv(xXgN  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant K=J">^uW  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant >6z7.d  
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    '*************************************************************************  11-?M  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens %Q5 |RLD  
    '************************************************************************* ]7%+SH,RdD  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) tfd!;`B  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 2TX.%%Ze  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 5S%#3YHY2  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ,k6V?{ZA  
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    '************************************************************************* pRh)DM#9  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) {&)E
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    '************************************************************************* D{iPsH6};5  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (!diPwcv  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) +(o]E3  
    count = 0 MZ<BCRB  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <ta#2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op [gE2;J0*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,) 3Eog\-  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @t,Y<)U  
            count=count-1 7j
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        End If x`zE#sD  
        count=count+1 [hKt4]R  
    Wend :.F;LF&  
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    'Set new z-shift xayd_RB9  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" oJor ]QYK  
    op.val1 = tlens A!aki}aT~  
    op.parent = parID aumM\rY  
    AddOperation eID, op  ~&Y%yN^  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 9rM6kLD  
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    '************************************************************************* tp3 !6I6  
    'Lens index of refraction 9':MD0P/M  
    '************************************************************************* {s~t>Rp+  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) A&qZ:&(OM  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 2g_2$)2  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ](sT,'  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat V=5v7Y3(j  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens _[ufH*  
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    '************************************************************************* Mp`i@pm+  
    'Pupil diameter aX(Y `g)|  
    '************************************************************************* $}Ky6sBnvO  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 5s=L5]]r_j  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 5jK9cF$>  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" -!pg1w06  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 8z'_dfP=5  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) K6@9=_A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) QB#rf='  
    count = 0 SOo}}a0  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }
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        GetOperation eID, count, op XXZ<r  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E3,Nc`'m9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count szU_,.\  
            count=count-1 *S{fyYyM  
        End If ""u>5f  
        count=count+1 J:Ncy}AO  
    Wend 7q|51rZz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Q a8;MxK`  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 CxJkT2  
    op.parent = parID s!F` 0=J^  
    AddOperation eID, op 1JSKK.LuJV  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam k<!xOg  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description )0p7d:%mV  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B0eKj=
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    GetEntity eID, entity 
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" *HXx;:  
    SetEntity eID, entity {/PiX1mn  
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    Update yUp"%_t0  
    Print "DONE!" \S`|7JYW  
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End Sub f<v:
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： K1*]6x,  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 3pk`&'  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 55]E<2't  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 P gK> Z,  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 %+e% RZ3  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 B$@fE}  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 z;d]=PT  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 >lIQM3  
Set pupil diameter = 4 S,%BhQ[  
DONE! mDJ
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