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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 a}qse5Fr  
    B?lBO V4v4  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 J={OOj  
    Bw]L2=d  
    模型 O`[iz/7m  
    MpIw^a3(r  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 mj~N]cxB  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. N{ V5 D  
    jQxPOl$-  
    光源 T7lj39pJq  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 x<*IF,o  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 @W1WReK]f  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 (U(/ C5'  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 wj#J>C2]  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 | z#m  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 :,S8T%d  
    QxL@'n#5   
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 $#G6m`V  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 J}) $  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Wkg*J3O  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 }>{ L#JW  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 dysX  
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    分析 ERfd7V<c>  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 v:veV.y  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 670J{b  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 00`bL  
    bK$/,,0=X/  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY ^i{,z*vi  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION '?{0z!!  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ;f".'9 l^  
    Dim A As Double < 72s7*Rv  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double DL'd&;6  
    Dim eID As Long B#HnPUUK  
    Dim parID As Long A+0T"2  
    Dim count As Integer q4sl=`L5Sp  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double c&Gz> L  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double zQL!(2  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double r+p@X  
    Dim ok As Long tXf}jU}  
    Y H<$ +U  
    Sub Main Jj=yG"$!  
    8l U;y)Z  
        '用户输入对话框 W:VW_3  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 l9_m>X~   
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ojN`#%X  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 !: m`9o8  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 /J1S@-  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 H{j~ihq7  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ?JuX~{{. L  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 %$/=4f.j  
        End Dialog 6PiEa(  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 'fS?xDs-v  
    .HyjL5r-  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) 3xBN10R#  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed |9+bSH9  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ,]f),;=  
            End e ZynF<i  
        End If ge^!F>whr  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty P7}t lHX  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then xM%H~(  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation {udrT"h  
        Else P-[fHCg~  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) a;56k  
        End If MP jr_yc]  
    &\&'L|0F  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 6eD(dZ  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter PASuf.U$"  
        Else K{|w 43>D  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) (d54C(")  
        End If <Cu'!h_nL  
    :0B |<~lX  
        Print " " >-VWm A  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Mx^y>\X)v  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 2y^U k,g  
    $=\d1%_R|  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation d0'7efC+  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness .H Fc9^.*  
    vB Sm=M  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ~q{\;  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens %'$f ?y  
    (2: N;  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens a4%`"  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ,r@xPZPz:e  
    YQN.Ohtv*F  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness }bZ 8-v  
    M#ZT2~+CT  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction >g=^,G}y  
    uH $oGY  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation OO-_?8I}  
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        '************************************************************************* jz|VF,l  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) hl`u"?rg  
        '************************************************************************* t5%TS:u  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 6j_ 678  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity bk.*k~_  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) M/*Bh,M`  
    J)_>%.  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z { AFf:[G  
        count = 0 3b e6p  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $Ru&>D#stK  
            GetOperation eID, count, op qbH %Hx  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then SBC~QD>L+  
                DeleteOperation eID,count l@xWQj9  
                count=count-1 Pv~:gP  
            End If !-7_ +v>  
            count=count+1 OH>r[,z0  
        Wend AHq M7+r9  
    )Q~C4C-j  
        'Set new shift in C B6A}m  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?gU}[]  
        op.val1 = taq N=q#y@L  
        op.parent = parID 2.ew^D#  
        AddOperation eID, op k j-=xhJ{=  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 *u}'}jC1X  
    sp^Wo7&g  
        '************************************************************************* 0fA=_=A,  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 7"#f!.E  
        '************************************************************************* ><cU7 ja[^  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) @`6}`k  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ubi~%  
    +N7"EROc  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant >:A<"wZ  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant oooS s&t  
    dIvy!d2l  
        '************************************************************************* p=H3Q?HJ}  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ~JLYhA^'+<  
        '************************************************************************* @cPflb  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) a#$N%=j  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !W~QT}  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost =PZWS& (L  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost z{=v)F5y  
    ##v`(#fu  
        '************************************************************************* vTHq)C.7G  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) $2QYxY9s  
        '************************************************************************* V3Yd&HVWNQ  
    lY8`5Uz  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) nZxSMN0]  
    8TW5(fl  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) b4)k&*dfR  
        count = 0 6Kp}_^|z  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `0rRKlbj4  
            GetOperation eID, count, op F{\=PCZ>7  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ik Qe~;Y  
                DeleteOperation eID,count }3J=DCtS  
                count=count-1 NJm-%K  
            End If /kRAt^4!  
            count=count+1 6A?8tm/0  
        Wend Z%OW5]q  
    y6FKg)  
        'Set new z-shift _4v"")Xe  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8ljuc5,J  
        op.val1 = tlens yPN+W8}f  
        op.parent = parID W~yLl%  
        AddOperation eID, op ?!y"OrHg  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens )b0];&hw]  
    BPewc9RxV  
        '************************************************************************* IJ_ m  
        'Lens index of refraction F,&)X>:l  
        '************************************************************************* 1x{kl01m%  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :BD>yOlG  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1O0X-C,wo$  
    #A )Ab%r8"  
        mat.Nd = nlens QZ~0o7  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat N571s  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens j8a[ (  
    W-m"@<Z  
        '************************************************************************* /NU103F yt  
        'Pupil diameter +>}o;`hPe  
        '************************************************************************* B`1kGEx .  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) {OP~8e"  
    QD4:W"i  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) jkt 6/H  
    O:YJ%;w  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" +GeWg` \=  
    h/?6=D{  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens T,OS0;7O  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) jT-<IJh!o  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) y\,f6=%k  
        count = 0 O|e}   
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count RG}}Oh="v  
            GetOperation eID, count, op D5L{T+}Oi%  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then b 4OnZ;FI  
                DeleteOperation eID,count N}mh}  
                count=count-1 esI'"hVJ  
            End If ,Xtj;@~-  
            count=count+1 AY88h$a  
        Wend cz(G]{N  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6 64q~_@B1  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 12OlrU  
        op.parent = parID oKa>.e7.  
        AddOperation eID, op ;==j|/ERe  
    vQHpf>o  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam RRzP* A%=  
    ;s_"{f`Y6  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 5v|EAjB6o  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [.-a$J[4+F  
        GetEntity eID, entity u"Y]P*[k  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" " " %#cDR  
        SetEntity eID, entity vyU!+mlc  
    Yt{&rPv,  
        Update QBihpA 1;  
        Print "DONE!" m\-PU z&C  
         >lLo4M 3  
    End Sub $[z<oN_Q  
    "~\*If  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: :1_mfX  
    (Ilsk{aB;A  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters vpLMhf`  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm >rf5)Y~f  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 (p,}'I#i*  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 8 Z8Y[p  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 C6^j#rl  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 C}Qt "-%  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 >| m.?{^  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ab4LTF|  
    DONE! V^rW?Do  
    39D }  
    N!c gN  
    QQ:2987619807 D=&K&6rr  
     
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