[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 'z[Sp~I\  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ]GRWnif  
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模型 d.P\fPSD  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 c.j$9=XLBG  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ;W^o@*i{>  
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光源 D`VM6/iQR  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 |P%DkM*X  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 1+U  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 :at$HCaK  
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视网膜的散射 n2fbp\I  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 2!$gyu6bpG  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ;asP4R=  
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脚本 57g</p  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： :bC40@  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 HVC>9_:]  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 (1NA  
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分析 \R3H+W  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 r{rQu-|.  
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脚本代码 3hK#'."`N  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. xu'yVt9RC  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY @-&s: Qli  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Nq@+'<@p$  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ubmrlH\d  
Dim A As Double L^{|uP15N
 
Dim pupilDiam As Double "&%#!2  
Dim eID As Long VV9_`myN7  
Dim parID As Long nM0[P6p  
Dim count As Integer ?K3(D;5 &i  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double leQT-l2Bk  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double `3Uj{w/Q:L  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double wW%4d  
Dim ok As Long U2%.S&wS,e  

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Sub Main "hdvHUz  
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    '用户输入对话框 H~E(JLcU  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 MX ;J5(Ae  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 i}~SDY  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 0p@k({]<  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 DzheoA-+L'  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Q[d}J+l4{  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 5P'p2x#U  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 cDI [PJ9  
    End Dialog =2 *rA'im  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog =dx1/4bZl|  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) po}F6m8bX  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed D3x/OyG(  
        Print "Execution cancelled." YQS5P#  
        End %~QO8q_7  
    End If 7YAIA%8  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Rd>B0;4  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then yA3wtm/?  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation kMsnW}Nu  
    Else ~M(5Ho  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) E!O\87[  
    End If yu;SH[{Wi  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 2mq$H_  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 7K{Nb  
    Else 5
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) x+G0J8cW  
    End If _A0mxq  
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    Print " " (4%YHS8  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" /o2P+Xr8"  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" q}FVzahv  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation c1xrn4f@a  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness . ]8E7  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens u@3y&b  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens dCFlM&(i  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens c c  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens NOS>8sy  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ]1gx#y 2  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction efY8M2  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation {W\T"7H  
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    '************************************************************************* DE IB!n   
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) d` Sr4c  
    '************************************************************************* j.:h5Y^N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) J/6`oh?,Q  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity cc44R|Kr$$  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) TH&
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z "3F;cCDv]  
    count = 0 pN&c(=If  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  a1j.fA  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &Z^l=YH,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then sFDG)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count bOI3^T  
            count=count-1 ;<Km3  
        End If 5TUNX^AW  
        count=count+1 @d&/?^dp6  
    Wend RB?V7uX  
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    'Set new shift in Yif*"oO  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" \VSATL:]  
    op.val1 = taq ~l~Tk6EM  
    op.parent = parID mNYl@+:psj  
    AddOperation eID, op ai*b:Q  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 tU/k-W3X
 

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    '************************************************************************* w-$[>R[hw  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens G9g6.8*&  
    '************************************************************************* +([!A6:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ,1/}^f6  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic NcM>{{8  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant :"o o>  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant l\$+7|W  
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    '************************************************************************* 4l8BQz}sb  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens V,ZY
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    '************************************************************************* _;RVe"tR#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Pgp {$ID  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic rp7W }P+uU  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost gBk5wk_j|  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost <f~Fl^^8  
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    '************************************************************************* kJ)gP2E  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) AAUyy :  
    '************************************************************************* zX7q:Pt  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) FnHi(S|A  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) vs&8wbS)  
    count = 0 kD.pzxEM  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count uM(UO,X  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %zo= K}u  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _2vd`k  
            DeleteOperation eID,count I]}>|  
            count=count-1 5 ZfP  
        End If qI3NkVA'C  
        count=count+1 p D=w>"  
    Wend z"F*\xa  
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    'Set new z-shift ")lw9t`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" b*,
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    op.val1 = tlens }{],GHCjQ  
    op.parent = parID gY9\o#)
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    AddOperation eID, op ~0-g%C?R  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens t"s5\;IJ  
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    '************************************************************************* _`a&9i &  
    'Lens index of refraction XY+y}D %  
    '************************************************************************* 2>hz_o{5',  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) (xyS7q]m  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat keqcV23k  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 0-2"FdeQU  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat yFpySvj}  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Yr&Ka:  
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    '************************************************************************* mrZ`Lm#>pS  
    'Pupil diameter &$ p[  
    '************************************************************************* IjZ@U%g@;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) z \?UGxu}  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) !0fI"3P@r  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ^b53}f8H  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens v:d9o.h  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T{S4|G1R6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) m@oUvxcd  
    count = 0 D[>W{g $  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count HcJE0-"  
        GetOperation eID, count, op k90B!kg  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W^xZ+]  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 9qH[o?]
 
            count=count-1 *W^=XbG  
        End If [b`6v`x  
        count=count+1 lfy7w|  
    Wend =s[&;B`s  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"  Tb#
  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 %D^bahf  
    op.parent = parID v.`+I-\.z)  
    AddOperation eID, op KU2$5[~j  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam F1}  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description QHQj/)J8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r'd/qnd  
    GetEntity eID, entity aJ2H.E  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" /2h][zrZ[.  
    SetEntity eID, entity 5\G)Q<A]*L  
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    Update !0dX@V'r  
    Print "DONE!" k!13=Gh  
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End Sub NW De-<fQ  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ve%l({  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 4e/cqN6  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 0P9Wy
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 <bX 1,}?  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 yqBa_XPV8  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 DR{]sG  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 5&qY3@I7l  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 [|
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Set pupil diameter = 4 )KE_t^$  
DONE! b_ JWnh  
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