[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 -4{<=y?"a  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 JYbL?N  
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模型 E92KP?i  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 0{}8(  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. .;`AAH'k  
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光源 S
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 h^(*Tv-!  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 XrGglBIV  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 `Cynj+PCe  
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视网膜的散射 a![{M<Y~  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 #r~#
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 .2Elr(&*h  
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脚本 ,K"U>&  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： :zke %Yx  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 u$Jz~:=,  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 <7Or{:Sc90  
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分析 Em
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 V]e8a"/[{  
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脚本代码 ND#Yenye  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ;LPfXpR  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 4ber!rJM  
Dim op As T_OPERATION G+"t/?/  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL N&+x+;Kx  
Dim A As Double ?*1uN=oI{*  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ;oKZ!ND  
Dim eID As Long Sc1 8dC0  
Dim parID As Long v,{ :Ez(H  
Dim count As Integer r|fL&dtr  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double }1c|gQ  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 0oZ= yh  
Dim ok As Long lH x^D;m6  
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Sub Main M2>Vj/  
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    '用户输入对话框 P%:wAYz1^O  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 6azGhxh  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 i$:*Pb3mV  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 'qb E=  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 F^t DL:  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 b_#m}yZ6  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 %Ycy{`  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ]}-7_n#cC  
    End Dialog Bs_s&a>  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog j_!F*yul  

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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 0w\
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed g1/[eoZzk  
        Print "Execution cancelled." vv3* j&I  
        End 7$vYo _  
    End If QT< }] 0  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty q77;ZPfs8  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Utj&]RELK  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 1EO7H{E=  
    Else 8>2.UrC  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) |+FubYf?$  
    End If HZzDVCU  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then VgG0VM  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter G~^r)fm_  
    Else < Mn ;  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w;[NH/A^a  
    End If cz#rb*b  
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    Print " " UqFO|r"M  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" "/*\1v9  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" R[h9"0Y^  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 8`q:Gz=M\  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness t9kzw*U9  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens k$z_:X  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens <y2U3;t  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens _JzEGpeG  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ITE{@1  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ?yrX)3hyH  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction iW]j9}t  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation [64:4/<}  
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    '************************************************************************* T]f ;km  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ?(' wn<  
    '************************************************************************* zsEc(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) E<{R.r  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity rKe2/4>0X  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Go`vfm"S  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z VZp5)-!\  
    count = 0 ,uSMQS-O'4  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count tVYF{3BhA  
        GetOperation eID, count, op e&|'I"  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lK?uXr7^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count :T^a&)aL%  
            count=count-1 !fV+z%:  
        End If 7X`g,b!  
        count=count+1 <,3
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    Wend 1*P~!2h  
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    'Set new shift in %+aCJu[k(z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" L4@K~8j7  
    op.val1 = taq bQzZy5,  
    op.parent = parID L\6M^r >  
    AddOperation eID, op wjU9ZGM  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 x77*c._3v  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens a(m2n.0'>  
    '************************************************************************* b<tNk]7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) N~nziY*C,*  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic paA(C|%{  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant k%]3vRo<  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant f$o_e90mu  
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    '************************************************************************* $!-yr7  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens S^JbyD_yoh  
    '************************************************************************* <.%4 ! }f8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 3p$?,0ELH  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :p1u(hflS  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ,5P0S0*{  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost s-NX 
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    '************************************************************************* <X#C)-.  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 9sM!`Lz{  
    '************************************************************************* .y'>[  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 4V"E8rUL(  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 7RQR)DG  
    count = 0 Ky`qskvu  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;_XFo&@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 1;* cq  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a)!o @  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ./XYd"p  
            count=count-1 j\ZXG=j  
        End If f'F?MINJP  
        count=count+1 +Z,;,5'5G  
    Wend pj8=wch  
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    'Set new z-shift I<DL=V  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" H[T?\Lq  
    op.val1 = tlens M.JA.I@XC  
    op.parent = parID Q1lyj7c#x  
    AddOperation eID, op JT~4mT  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens .zf~.R;>  
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    '************************************************************************* 9FF0%*tGo  
    'Lens index of refraction {aZ0;  
    '************************************************************************* xKbXt;l2  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) v<k?Vu  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat T%+#xl  
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    mat.Nd = nlens -$\y_?}  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat zxEL+P  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens pt?bWyKG  
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    '************************************************************************* UB@Rs|)  
    'Pupil diameter YH$-g  
    '************************************************************************* ]IaMp78
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) =&6eM2>P  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @b\$yB@z  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ~Za
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 4>YR{  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) KA5v+~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "> ypIR<  
    count = 0 g_E$=j92v  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %64)(z  
        GetOperation eID, count, op TT%M'5&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then oE@a'*.\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count D'>_I.  
            count=count-1 x%=si[P  
        End If 5"VTK  
        count=count+1 #&+{mCjs  
    Wend je\Ph5"  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" W<{h,j8  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]Ee?6]bN  
    op.parent = parID m~BAyk^jo3  
    AddOperation eID, op Xxj- 6i  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam E*&vy  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description =}^9 wP  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) m[osg< CR_  
    GetEntity eID, entity 4(n-_BS  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 3Zu
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    SetEntity eID, entity 5PCqYN(:B  
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    Update >I
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    Print "DONE!" j a[Et/r  
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End Sub AOZP*\k  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： OG~gFZr)6  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters YRk(u7:0  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm gk4;>}  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Ju
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 wSL}`CgU  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ,oe <  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 2ACCh4(/P  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 eu|YCYj)g  
Set pupil diameter = 4 8$cLG*=h4  
DONE! m,28u3@r  
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