[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 gQeoCBCE  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 4F!%mMq  
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模型 z)R\WFBW  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 "b"|ay  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. `:dGPBBO  
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光源 |T*t3}  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 R#ya9GN{  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ;9)=~)  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Nig)
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视网膜的散射 }9Q<<
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 o<g1;  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 7V"Jfh4_  
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脚本 kP&Ekjt@  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： rWp+kV[Ec>  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Xs)?PE[   
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 6h&i<->  
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分析 8]JlYe  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 n%{oFTLCo  
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脚本代码 B\>3[_n  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. }G<A$*L1  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY :Lq=)'d;6  
Dim op As T_OPERATION mXUe/*r0T  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ,"T[#A~  
Dim A As Double 8qs8QK  
Dim pupilDiam As Double =jvN8R*[  
Dim eID As Long 0"u=g)3  
Dim parID As Long .1[pO_  
Dim count As Integer LhKUZX,P8  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double tBE-:hX*  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double (FOJHjtkM  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double h6e,w$IL  
Dim ok As Long sV`XJ9e|  
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Sub Main m8&
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    '用户输入对话框 >V@,K z1  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ns&(
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 SqT+rvTh  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 PjU.4aZ  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 lDG.\u  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 z9^_5la#  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 +fq;o8q  
    End Dialog &fifOF#[e  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog g)iw.M2  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) :$oiP  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Mm#=d?YUHJ  
        Print "Execution cancelled." q<A,S8'm  
        End [,mcvO;  
    End If $I90KQB\_  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ZmJHLn[B  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 'Ie
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation qAuq2pHA+d  
    Else Z/I`XPmk  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ^s?i&K,!  
    End If 8j!(*'J.  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then r7N%onx  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter >Y&o2zJy  
    Else SP5t=#M6  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) u2Qs}FX  
    End If O}"fhMk  
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    Print " " p:8]jD@}%  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" |c!lZo/  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" &bS!>_9  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation &E8fd/s=k  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness y1hJVYE2  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens aV?r%'~Z  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 7j%sM&  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens TZk.h8  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Dv+:d4|"  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness q"pnFK9/L  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction GE.@*W  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 60Obek`  
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    '************************************************************************* RlTVx:  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) f*~z|  
    '************************************************************************* BXo9s~5Q  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) d@t3C8  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity gb/M@6/j  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Gu9x4p  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z E.~~.2   
    count = 0 V/7?]?!xu  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count y7#4Mcc`~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op [u2)kH$  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "t"&6\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count q! U
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            count=count-1 EaGS}=qY5  
        End If abM4G  
        count=count+1 Yhd|1,m9f  
    Wend xF3H\`{4x  
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    'Set new shift in h8_~ OX  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,W/D0  
    op.val1 = taq BV HO_  
    op.parent = parID k|}S K9  
    AddOperation eID, op VG`A* Vj  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 9#@CmiIhy  
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    '************************************************************************* ?
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 2=l!b/m  
    '************************************************************************* &c!=< <5M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) (_lc< Bj  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |!{BjOAD'  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant QYL ';  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant %7?v='s=  
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    '************************************************************************* dj76YK  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens gZs8BKO  
    '************************************************************************* qlg~W/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) X7]vXo*  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic o^! Zt
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost s"|N-A=cS  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost HiG&`:P>q  
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    '************************************************************************* G#! j`  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) `
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    '************************************************************************* E 2DTE  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )  iV71t17  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) [J+K4o8L<A  
    count = 0 X3Vpxtb  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @]HV:7<q  
        GetOperation eID, count, op yREO
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then sh?Dxodp9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count WDiF:@^K  
            count=count-1 ls6ywLP{  
        End If 8X]j;Rb  
        count=count+1 I=^%l7  
    Wend f(?`PD[  
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    'Set new z-shift \o@b5z]e  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,9"</\]`  
    op.val1 = tlens
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    op.parent = parID >|7&hj$  
    AddOperation eID, op *.EtdcRo[  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens t Q_}o[  
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    '************************************************************************* W^&t8
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    'Lens index of refraction G$4lH>A&  
    '************************************************************************* 0tB9X9:,  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) v(4C?vxhG  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Li=l/  
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    mat.Nd = nlens mXF pGo5 s  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat qr=U=oK  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ^ I,1kl~i  
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    '************************************************************************* ,l7ty#j  
    'Pupil diameter 8yFD2(#  
    '************************************************************************* /IV:JVT  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,-DE;l^Q=  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) nhXa&Nro  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" rT}d<cSf  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens q}BQu@'H  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) oRWsi/Zf  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 6x/ X8zu  
    count = 0 A7_*zR@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count b<.+WkO  
        GetOperation eID, count, op  |Be.r{l  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _TQt!Re`,  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ]\r~"*TZ  
            count=count-1 $X*$,CCIB  
        End If ]P<&CEk  
        count=count+1 ^QW%<X  
    Wend " 31C8  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" #2HygS  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 x=au.@psBS  
    op.parent = parID y'yaCf  
    AddOperation eID, op J?%D4AeS]v  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam c@nl;u)n  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description s:]rL&|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (vj2XiO^+  
    GetEntity eID, entity 6gR=e+  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Y?%6af+  
    SetEntity eID, entity Ca1)>1Vz  
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    Update Ugdm"  
    Print "DONE!" #sqD
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End Sub y:|7.f  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 8v]{ 5  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ZA9']u%EJ  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm x(=kh%\;  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 f1~3y}7^Jq  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 h;ShNU  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 )Y *?VqZn  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 GO?-z0V  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 l5h9Eq  
Set pupil diameter = 4 s*8hN*A/,  
DONE! E$ngmm[  
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