[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 P;V$%r`yD  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 (9#$za>  
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模型 J
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 K/Q%tr1W0  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ^/0c`JG!x  
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光源 w)#Lu/  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Z
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 g[D(]t\#x  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ?5N7,|K)  
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视网膜的散射 Jv,*rQH  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 _~l*p"PL<  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 6njwrqo  
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脚本 $QNII+o  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： '%W`:K'  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 q':P9o*N?  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 8wi2&j_  
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分析 P^)J^{r  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 LX!MDZz  
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脚本代码 .|VWYN  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Vx~N`|yY  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ![ce=9@t<  
Dim op As T_OPERATION apkmb<  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL oEuV&m|yX  
Dim A As Double \FL`b{!+ N  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ,.
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Dim eID As Long Rxf.@E  
Dim parID As Long k"L?("~   
Dim count As Integer &gr)U3w  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double a(s%3"*Q  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Ec/-f`8  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double aANzL  
Dim ok As Long <5xlP:Cx  
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Sub Main 7`G FtX}  
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    '用户输入对话框 a3Fe42G2c|  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 \Wn0,%x2  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 TwT@_
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ar%!h~  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 :&'[#%h8  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 y.6Yl**l  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 n a3st*3V_  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 a9sbB0q-K@  
    End Dialog ?j:g.a+U  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog q=J8SvSRl  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) |/M^q{h&7s  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ,QZNH?Cp/  
        Print "Execution cancelled." AB0>|.  
        End \Q~HL_fy|Y  
    End If 1oSU>I_i  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty DQ{"6-  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then i\yp
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation Q\qI+F2?  
    Else tDQo1,(oY  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) zir?13N7  
    End If dSkx*#FEE  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then S4!}7NOh  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter vkK8D#K  
    Else -SeHz.`N  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Mf_urbp]  
    End If 1<n'F H3  
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    Print " " 0V!@*Z  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 3$#=*Zp  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" &f_ua)cyY  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation e'MLLC[  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 4Mr)~f rc  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 8v12<ktR`  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens in>.Tax*  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens FrL ;1zt  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens tFrNnbmlQ  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness N&YQZ^o  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction i^_?C5  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation kgGMA 7Jy  
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    '************************************************************************* U!D\Vd  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) _2p D  
    '************************************************************************* #Ab,h#f*7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) =+>^:3cCQ  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 1_RN*M+#  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) k.K;7GZC  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z s{@3G8  
    count = 0 bG&vCH;}%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count T.B}k`$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op n\'@]qG)Z4  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,Jqk0cW2  
            DeleteOperation eID,count EhK~S(r^  
            count=count-1 p5?8E$VHV  
        End If Hr/3nq}.  
        count=count+1 snti*e4"V  
    Wend :j[a X7Sq2  
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    'Set new shift in O od?ifA  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" h$#zuqm  
    op.val1 = taq qytH<UB  
    op.parent = parID S/H!a:_5r  
    AddOperation eID, op ?CHFy2%Y  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 wW1>#F  
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    '************************************************************************* $]I",ef  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 5l,Q=V^@l  
    '************************************************************************* fNNi
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) q+)csgN  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic u8sK~1CPf  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant e,rCutA)  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant [(eO_I5ep  
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    '************************************************************************* A_xUP9g@?  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens VSQxlAGk@  
    '************************************************************************* ~vv\A5O[|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) HS[N]'dc  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic xGVL|/?8  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ZW>?y$C+  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost &bw ``e&c  
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    '************************************************************************* xK;WJm"  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) L7 f'  
    '************************************************************************* mIUpAOC`"Z  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) XF=GmkO  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 3t^r;b  
    count = 0 a eo/4  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;
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        GetOperation eID, count, op p@x1B &Z  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then A"`(^#a  
            DeleteOperation eID,count kTe0"  
            count=count-1 ecl$z6'c  
        End If M+q|z0U  
        count=count+1 jhmWwT/O8^  
    Wend w+Cs=!  
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    'Set new z-shift q,H 0=\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" glvtumv  
    op.val1 = tlens `fUem,$)1F  
    op.parent = parID tzFgPeo$;  
    AddOperation eID, op ?]bZ
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens
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    '************************************************************************* k2S6 SB  
    'Lens index of refraction =W Q_5}  
    '************************************************************************* 4lqowg0  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) V$7SVq  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Z*Qra4GBl]  
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    mat.Nd = nlens wZV/]jmlEt  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ixFuqPij  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens RO1xcCp  
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    '************************************************************************* Im\{b=vT  
    'Pupil diameter !SFF 79$c  
    '************************************************************************* i C nWb  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 4LBMhLy  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) l'2a?1/q  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 2nFSu9}
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens v!pT!(h4  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~Z'3(n*9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) PB 
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    count = 0 ~X/1%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .d;XLS~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op u!X$M?D4  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then mt+IB4`  
            DeleteOperation eID,count N:y3tpG  
            count=count-1 4D`T_l  
        End If xM/B"SG2  
        count=count+1 YAIDSZ&l[  
    Wend s C9j73vf  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (Hcd{]M~  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 H?P:;1A]c  
    op.parent = parID 8W]6/st?]  
    AddOperation eID, op >g]kbes-\  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam XZv(B^  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description z~/z>_y$nv  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \V|\u=@H  
    GetEntity eID, entity %s;#epP$  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "b!EtlT9  
    SetEntity eID, entity ['MG/FKuv  
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    Update `o6Hm  
    Print "DONE!" ;J~NfL  
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End Sub @LS*WJ< w-  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： wjF/c  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters <|NP!eMsw8  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ?*
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 -,Q !:  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 t%e}'?#^  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 /HsJyp+t  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ISI\<qx  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 8I)66  
Set pupil diameter = 4 a W`q  
DONE! uoYG@L2  
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