[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 yfU<
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 &D%(~|'  
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模型 K/ &?VIi`z  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 B*htN  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. c:83LZ  
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光源 W)(^m},*8D  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 6 \B0^
 
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 6.t',LTB  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 .kTG[)F0b  
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视网膜的散射 tU"raP^=  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 (I@bkMp  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 jQU"Ved  
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脚本 W:i?t8y\y  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： *zO&N^X.4  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 _DRrznaw  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 \Mv":Lm1  
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分析 c41: !u^  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 -
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脚本代码 57F%j3.|/  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 9Qj2
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ryO$6L  
Dim op As T_OPERATION "S~_[/q  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL HEK-L)S. *  
Dim A As Double Ct$82J  
Dim pupilDiam As Double dsK&U\ej}  
Dim eID As Long Ju@Q6J5  
Dim parID As Long "Clz'J]{  
Dim count As Integer 'NZGQebK  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double m}VM+=  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double N#N0Q0W=  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double WUAJjds  
Dim ok As Long j-]&'-h}#  
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Sub Main IL7`0cN(  
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    '用户输入对话框 3l!NG=R  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 D-9\~gvh  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 `=tyN@VC  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 oFg5aey4  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 :lcea6iO  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ^CzYDq  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ]^"k8v/  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 uK*Nu^  
    End Dialog eR']#Q46{T  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog "YFls#4H-  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) .uZ
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed _X5_ez^/=  
        Print "Execution cancelled." @b!"joEy  
        End HgJb4Fi  
    End If !7H6i#g*  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty L3y5a?G  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then r$)$n&j  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation upn8n vy4(  
    Else x49!{}  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) o|S)C<w  
    End If aP
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then _[Gb)/@mM  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter (4~WWU (iT  
    Else hsce:TB  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) /dHs &SU,  
    End If Iur9I>8h  
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    Print " " Wz=OSH7"f  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" %j]STD.E  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" N}/>rD  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation QrjDF>   
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness OS7RQw1  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ?_4^le[;  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 3_ 2hC!u!K  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens &W_th\%  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens /J%do]PDl  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 744=3v  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction k'13f,o}  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation HFh /$VM  
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    '************************************************************************* L=A\ J^%  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) tjzA)/T,4  
    '************************************************************************* ~@M7&%]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) VyZV(k  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity `"<2)yq?  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) b :\D\X  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 8]*Q79  
    count = 0 iz x[  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count c>MY$-PD  
        GetOperation eID, count, op )mD\d|7f  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then JLUms  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {g=b]yg\o  
            count=count-1 3"i%{  
        End If v
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        count=count+1 H1UL.g%d=  
    Wend "Gh#`T0#a  
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    'Set new shift in EVz9WY  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y?!/>q  
    op.val1 = taq [b`$\o'-  
    op.parent = parID u8uW9 <  
    AddOperation eID, op ZrcPgcF  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 N{pa) /  
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    '************************************************************************* >\\5"Sf  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens m.146  
    '************************************************************************* i+U51t<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) (4ZLpsbJ  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic eiB(VOJ  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant RK
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 3;D?|E]1  
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    '************************************************************************* c%yh(g  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens .HOY q  
    '************************************************************************* ScHlfk p  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) It\BbG=  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic TQ~&Y)".  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Ys+N,:#R  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 3:O+GQ*  
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    '************************************************************************* P=pY8X:  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ]-rczl|o  
    '************************************************************************* {jUvKB_x  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) G4);/#  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) xOgq-@`  
    count = 0 o@@_J@}#  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?:JdRnH\  
        GetOperation eID, count, op XWf7"]%SX  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ZU^Q1}</5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count !xJFr6G~8  
            count=count-1
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        End If ndB@J*Im
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        count=count+1 Lqq*Nr  
    Wend c}8 -/P=  
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    'Set new z-shift \|Y{jG<cu  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" mR6E]TuM  
    op.val1 = tlens y,1S&k  
    op.parent = parID 8}J(c=4Gk  
    AddOperation eID, op Ta,u-!/I  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ~|qXtds$  
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    '************************************************************************* k~ZBJ+ 94  
    'Lens index of refraction I(y`)$}  
    '************************************************************************* [I_BCf  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 6J]~A0vsi}  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 0rGj|@+;  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ul}
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat QM7[O]@  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens fg< (bXC  
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    '************************************************************************* s%hU*^ 8  
    'Pupil diameter J~fuW?a]r  
    '************************************************************************* +0SW ?#%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) i<0D Z_rub  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ?@yank|  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ,q/tyGj  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens vRq=m8  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .59KE]u  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ,,zd.9n  
    count = 0 / O|Td'Z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <e$5~Spc  
        GetOperation eID, count, op !XkymIX~O.  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \=$EmHF  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {/th`#o4b  
            count=count-1 t00\yb^vJ8  
        End If +.XZK3  
        count=count+1 cA2^5'$$  
    Wend m j'"Z75  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" +"TI_tK,S  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 qr7 X-[&  
    op.parent = parID z(c@(UD-_  
    AddOperation eID, op EY,;e\7O,  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 8Pl+yiB/o`  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description *1 n;p)K  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $,xtif0  
    GetEntity eID, entity /8 e2dw: \  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Kx(76_XD  
    SetEntity eID, entity V=G b>_d  
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    Update V[BY/<z)A  
    Print "DONE!" 7yc9`j}]  
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End Sub z }FiU
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： qAS70XjOF  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters .
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ~%cSckE  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 z v L>(R  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 =F",D=  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 l044c,AW(  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 0A#9C09  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 z'vdC  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Ba"^K d`  
DONE! `'A(`. CL  
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