[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 4#U}bN  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 K%^n.  
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模型 ~j0rORy]  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 IThd\#=  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. n ]ikc|  
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光源 V+d_1] l  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 >r.]a`  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 MB plhVK8  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 O5\r%&$xd  
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视网膜的散射 $ /VQsb  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Ebg8qDE  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 A~ya{^}  
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脚本 jW/WG tz  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： +`y(S}Z  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 .6?"<zdPU  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 5=>1>HYM  
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分析 lH-VqkR\  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 !oLn=  
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脚本代码 &|>@K#V8-;  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. /qpSmRL  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY <O#&D|EMd|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 1#vy# '  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL V^~RDOSy7n  
Dim A As Double q?,PFvs"  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ;\MWxh,K  
Dim eID As Long /Vlc8G  
Dim parID As Long 1ni+)p>]  
Dim count As Integer K;K0D@>]HR  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ]4:QqdV  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 'u
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double D:P(;  
Dim ok As Long |k a _Zy  
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Sub Main x6ghO-s  
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    '用户输入对话框 Z
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Q3@zUjq_Q  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 w OL,LU  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 D%SOX N  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 7Sdo*z  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Z)!8a$M~  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 :X>Wd+lY:_  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 [6GYYu\  
    End Dialog ly0R'4j \  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog oEIpv;:_  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) fQ+whGB  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed qs4jUm  
        Print "Execution cancelled." g 9,"u_  
        End 1?@HOu  
    End If \w9}O2lL  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty WjD885Xo  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ;zCUx*{  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation RpdUR*K9x  
    Else `}X3f#eO&  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) |)x7qy`  
    End If qx
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then @yp0WB  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter QM,#:m1o  
    Else ==Gc%  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ~^wSwd[  
    End If _^ hg7&dF  
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    Print " " =Rd`"]Mnfb  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 2|pTw5z~  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 0`/G(ukO  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation :a wt7lqv  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness d$IROZK-D  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ljFq;!I5  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens %=**cvVy  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Q)75?mn  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens i>
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness *_D/_Rp7  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction uq5?t  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation _CD~5EA:  
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    '************************************************************************* ZP";B^J  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) [@@{z9c  
    '************************************************************************* WNR]GI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) $6Ma{rC|  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity G'|ql5Zw  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {-A|f  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ^ `LqNG  
    count = 0 &'6/H/J  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?Q:SVxzUd  
        GetOperation eID, count, op }s,NM%oI  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then l";Yw]:^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ]B>76?2W  
            count=count-1 #j2kT  
        End If ?G`m;S  
        count=count+1 ]_C"A  
    Wend RV~t%Sw^  
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    'Set new shift in YsmRY=3  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @=kgK[t 9  
    op.val1 = taq v3"6'.f;bY  
    op.parent = parID il^;2`]&  
    AddOperation eID, op 8AR8u!;8  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 [,Ehu<mEK  
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    '************************************************************************* ]>
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens |WB-Ng  
    '************************************************************************* &S4*x|-C&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) T"xJY#)}  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |z)s9B;:#i  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant [!uzXVS3  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant {aAd (~YZ  
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    '************************************************************************* >XtfT'  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens q,Gymh;  
    '************************************************************************* B[8bkFS>]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) >/ay'EyY;>  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *Rk
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ^E^`"  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost _}R9!R0O  
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    '************************************************************************* 3\W/VBJJ  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) [9 MH"\  
    '************************************************************************* 5W)ST&YPL*  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) aL1%BGlmZ<  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 40?RiwwD  
    count = 0 L-+g`  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +/[M Ex=   
        GetOperation eID, count, op +q&Hj|;8r  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then I|rb"bG  
            DeleteOperation eID,count i"&FW&W  
            count=count-1 |Gic79b  
        End If yzN[%/  
        count=count+1 f<8
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    Wend vM/*S 6[  
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    'Set new z-shift ;VE y{%nF  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]k!Xb  
    op.val1 = tlens ^+x?@$rq  
    op.parent = parID #gbB
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    AddOperation eID, op Db"mq'vT  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens F*P0=DD  
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    '************************************************************************* OcL7] b0  
    'Lens index of refraction uzdPA'u  
    '************************************************************************* 6+$2rS$1V  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) %>FtA)  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat CM?:\$4  
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    mat.Nd = nlens f3O6&1D  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat v@$N,g  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens `<9>X9.+  
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    '************************************************************************* uG\~Hxqw7O  
    'Pupil diameter D|q~n)TW5  
    '************************************************************************* dJR[9T_OF  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) "0HUaU,
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) HAn{^8"@  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" LwB1~fF  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ~A>fB2.pM  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) necY/&Ld-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `/sNX<mp  
    count = 0 j !*,(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count E`TZ:W]r,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op * BM|luYL  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then e)uC  
            DeleteOperation eID,count s!(R  
            count=count-1  w*`:v$  
        End If kk78*s {6  
        count=count+1 ^xHKoOTj[  
    Wend ZxvH1q
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" l\Ozy  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ( e
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    op.parent = parID JX0M3|I=  
    AddOperation eID, op :UdW4
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam %"`p&aE:  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ]r;rAOWVV  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B_d\eD  
    GetEntity eID, entity =7V4{|ESfy  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" kgo#JY-4  
    SetEntity eID, entity CE3l_[c  
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    Update m%L!eR  
    Print "DONE!" &m3-][!n  
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End Sub Wx0i_HFR  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Nk9=A4=|  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters H?"M&mF  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ]+:yfDtZd  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 EA~xxKq  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 [K?  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 %gmx47  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 d&^b=d FDu  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 [r`KoHwdm  
Set pupil diameter = 4 1]If< <  
DONE! /<-PW9X?  
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