[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 V&J'2Lq  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 L=V.@?  
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模型 9
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 !p{
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. K aNO&%qX  
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光源 w7b\?]}@  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 [Lq9lw&   
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 0n*D](/NK  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 /-
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视网膜的散射 2&XNT-Qm  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 5Kw?#  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 "w3%BbIx  
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脚本 a] 7nK+N  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： P~s u]+  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 *auT_*  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 jcHyRR1R  
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分析 KkCsQ~po  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 "EwzuM8f  
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脚本代码 R]3j6
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. l2ie\4dK@  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY )YW"Zo8~!1  
Dim op As T_OPERATION a[p$e?gka  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL e8S4=W  
Dim A As Double %<fs \J^k  
Dim pupilDiam As Double -F_cBu81V  
Dim eID As Long C-XJe~  
Dim parID As Long {.ypZ8JU  
Dim count As Integer m|3Q'  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Z<,Hz+  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double aJ}hlM>  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double _|T{2LvwT  
Dim ok As Long |K9*><P?)2  
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Sub Main FC WF$'cO  
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    '用户输入对话框 Gn<0Fy2  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 'KDt%?24  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 'x5p ?m  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 7M8cF>o  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 -[}Aka,f!  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 q3C  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 "Mz#1Laby`  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 &hrMpD6z6i  
    End Dialog W]XM<# ^^  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog >@Pw{Zh$  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) q"EW*k+ )  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed LH.Gf  
        Print "Execution cancelled." a,(nf1@5  
        End P^!g0K  
    End If T?RN} @D  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty (H"{r  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 4>OS2b`.;  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation fefy`J  
    Else B!&y>Z^$  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) &xA>(|a\&-  
    End If L9XfR$7,z  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then rIb~@cR
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter @,7r<6E  
    Else $2+s3)  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) &*Xrh7K2e  
    End If E0/>E  
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    Print " " K^o{lyK;@~  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" \o=9WKc  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" T+aNX/c|>  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation d
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness yf!7 Q>_G^  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens W -HOl!)  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens _|W&tB*  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens KC"&3  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens K F_Uu  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ij#v_~g3  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction U;TS7A3  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation w=<E)  
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    '************************************************************************* d}tmZ*q  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 6"Lyv  
    '************************************************************************* mtkZF{3Jx  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~k-'  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity \!30t1EZ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) D\+x/r?-I  
'
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z G_5{5Ar  
    count = 0 maHz3:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B~k{f}  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Mpyza%zj  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gK;dfrU.8Y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count r7>FH!=:  
            count=count-1 7Ok-T10  
        End If -?:8sv*X  
        count=count+1 AzF*4x  
    Wend /3k[3  
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    'Set new shift in N\&VJc  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" lhJY]tQt/  
    op.val1 = taq ;di.U,  
    op.parent = parID F):kF_ho  
    AddOperation eID, op Gey-8  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 H.]V-|U  
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    '************************************************************************* l3BN,HNv+  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 88X]Uw(+  
    '************************************************************************* VyNF)$'T  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) &&52ji<3
 
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 9S17Lr*c  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant x1`(Z|RJ  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 9<y{:{i  
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    '************************************************************************* Lg,ObVt!  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens eN|zD?ba&  
    '************************************************************************* ZL0k  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) mt0v (  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic E&z^E2  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost A{B$$7%  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost W^Fkjqpv  
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    '************************************************************************* MIl\Bn  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) roAHkI  
    '************************************************************************* g8&& W_BI  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |0uqW1  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) `|"o\Bg<  
    count = 0 .Wp(@l'Hd  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8KigGhY'ms  
        GetOperation eID, count, op r/0#D+A  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :N^B54o%6  
            DeleteOperation eID,count )>b1%x} =  
            count=count-1 y c<%f  
        End If P|?nx"c  
        count=count+1 WdC7CK  
    Wend s2QgR37s>  
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    'Set new z-shift Yz0HBEA  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" o](ORS$~  
    op.val1 = tlens :4X,5X7tW=  
    op.parent = parID y|*4XF<b  
    AddOperation eID, op X2| Z!  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *kF
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Lens index of refraction +|+fDQI  
    '************************************************************************* )PU\|I0|)e  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 0{o 8-#  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat R*W1
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    mat.Nd = nlens wT;;B=u}G  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat F3Da-6T@  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens W0U|XX!&  
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    '************************************************************************* s%>u[-9U  
    'Pupil diameter U'5p;j)_  
    '************************************************************************* .g}Y! l  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) [tt_>O  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) MfL
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" rvnm*e,  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens _J"J[$  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) QiRx2Z*\  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }gX4dv B  
    count = 0 Xe/7rhov  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;yZY2)L  
        GetOperation eID, count, op cx)x="c  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then hiR+cPSF  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7#*O|t/'  
            count=count-1 'e x/IqbK  
        End If Pm24;'  
        count=count+1 a,M/i&.e`  
    Wend ]Qx-f* D6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" )5;|mV  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ?PB}2*R  
    op.parent = parID \jkDRR[  
    AddOperation eID, op V-i:t,*lk(  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam &j{IG`Trl  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description wYHyVY2tj2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tE=$#  
    GetEntity eID, entity A#79$[>w  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" \nVoBW(  
    SetEntity eID, entity .8|5;!`WB  
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    Update ,?GAFgK:  
    Print "DONE!" _8z  
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End Sub 0R,Y[).U  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： :Sk<0VVd7  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters LA837%)  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 90$`AMR  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 9>5]y}.{  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 GlXzH1wZ  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 FC8= ru  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 rk?G[C)2c  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 f6HDfJmE  
Set pupil diameter = 4 QlxlT$o}  
DONE! K9'AYFse  
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