[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 \IQP`JR  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 wL 5p0Xl  
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模型 SJVqfi3A  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Rs;,_  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. [|~X~AO%  
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光源 1'EMYQ  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 .a:Oj3=0  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 g#=^U`y  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 /= P!9d {  
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视网膜的散射 LJZEM;;}  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 kYs2AzS{d  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 e,I-u'mLQs  
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脚本 >T~{_|N  

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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： c#9 zw[y-L  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 2ok>z$Y  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 {b/60xl?  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 R|NmkqTK~(  
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脚本代码 /[nt=#+   
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 9>@
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY \/K>Iv'$  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ~`tc
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ? dSrY  
Dim A As Double mMT7`r;l  
Dim pupilDiam As Double :CHCVoh@95  
Dim eID As Long [W{`L_"  
Dim parID As Long =]W{u`  
Dim count As Integer >&?wo{b  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double AH=6xtS-  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double u#=N8
 
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Kt}dTpVFr  
Dim ok As Long >)N,V;j  
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Sub Main P'ZWAxd  
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    '用户输入对话框 %I Y-0\  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 o}WbW }&  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ew

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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 k~=-o>}C  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 x6Z$lhZ  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ]iLfe&f  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Vg[U4,  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 {AIZ,  
    End Dialog (nda!^f_s  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog (2qo9j"j/Y  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) o'Tqqrr  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ?wwY8e?S  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ?Cu#(  
        End vgE5(fJh  
    End If PVEEKKJP]J  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty $a5K  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then )sNtwSl^  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation $$qhX]^~  
    Else hr6f
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) M5)6|T  
    End If Nt/*VYUn  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then :syR4A WM  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter >{GC@Cw  
    Else ?# G_&  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) |u;5|i  
    End If =}c~BHT  
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    Print " " SxT:k,ji  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" pbm4C0W}  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 'w9tZO\2  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 5gJQr%pS  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 23+GX&Rp  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens CB|z{(&N  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens _&w!J
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens >/'WU79TYE  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 'mmyzsQ\6  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness QCtG #/  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction lXz<jt@5  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ,:z@Ji  
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    '************************************************************************* e dD(s5  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ((?^B  
    '************************************************************************* DTr0u}m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Y,&)%Eo<  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity H-UMsT=g]  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ZGp8$Y>r  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ;2X1qw>  
    count = 0 t~bjDV^`  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count m
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        GetOperation eID, count, op (cCB3n\20  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then TAGqRYgi  
            DeleteOperation eID,count LL,~&5{  
            count=count-1 p$"*U[%l  
        End If ~^3B(feQ]  
        count=count+1 FNm8j#c~Q  
    Wend EIf~>
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    'Set new shift in 'vCFT(C-  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" M=!x0V;  
    op.val1 = taq 0c`w
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    op.parent = parID ~i(*.Z) \  
    AddOperation eID, op _|s{G  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 3[Z?
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    '************************************************************************* ;>Kxl}+R  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens f:BW{Cij;y  
    '************************************************************************* lual'~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Zo&U3b{Dy  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic CP={|]>+S  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Q
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 5qFqH  
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    '************************************************************************* 9RAN$\AKy  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens M\T6cN@m  
    '************************************************************************* Z/2#h<zj  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 0gnr@9,X  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7ZJYT#>b  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Y%Saz+  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost o{ U= f6  
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    '************************************************************************* %7hYl'83  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) *DU86JL`  
    '************************************************************************* t/nu/yz5E  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) a}=)b#T`  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 'Z;R!@Dm  
    count = 0 zR]l2zL3  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (Kx3:gs  
        GetOperation eID, count, op jagsV'o2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1vQ*Br  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ,.DU)Wi?}  
            count=count-1 t*n!kXa  
        End If Wny{qj)=  
        count=count+1 V<(cW'zA/  
    Wend Z(CzU{7c  
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    'Set new z-shift Vbz$dpT  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" KZ&8aulP  
    op.val1 = tlens ^F
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    op.parent = parID %m{h1UQQ+  
    AddOperation eID, op gX]?`u  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens [_CIN  
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    '************************************************************************* 4R}2H>VV%  
    'Lens index of refraction (LQ*U3J]_  
    '************************************************************************* i?||R|>;"'  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) h\:"k_u#  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 0(HUy`]>  
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    mat.Nd = nlens j#.Aiy:,  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 3-z57f,}6~  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens /2WGo-  
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    '************************************************************************* l2z@t3{  
    'Pupil diameter }zj_Pp  
    '************************************************************************* Un@dWf6'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 5_0Eh!s
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) THkg,*;:  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" CKy' 8I9  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens RQ!kVM@  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) MBp%TX!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ;",W&HQbE  
    count = 0 2w+w'Ag_R  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xrf z-"n4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 1F{c5
 
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Qw}uB$S>  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?s6v>#H%  
            count=count-1 ^e1@o\]  
        End If Rcc9Tx(zvQ  
        count=count+1 -LhO </l  
    Wend b<n*wH  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3fM8W> *7  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Uyj6Ij_Pj)  
    op.parent = parID *%E4,(T  
    AddOperation eID, op _h6SW2:z!E  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam `-/-(v+ i  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description "m4._4U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0*]n#+=  
    GetEntity eID, entity &N:Iirg  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" kUGOkSP8[  
    SetEntity eID, entity ^CO{86V  
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    Update kOdXbw9v  
    Print "DONE!" 1-0tG+  
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End Sub ``4e&  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 0Un?[O  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 4PjC[A*  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm i'V("  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2[j(C  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 mX 3p  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Znr@-=xZO*  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 +`,;tz=?  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 :^7>k
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Set pupil diameter = 4 hh8Gr
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DONE! xP4}LL9)  
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