[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 wp$SO^?-  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 WMrK8e'  
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模型 1w?X~VZAX  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 G>cTqD6gT  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. @@}A\wA-  
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光源 ~ 5`Ngpp  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ^1}}-9q  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 -0lpsF  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ;9d(GP}eE  
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视网膜的散射 IC7n;n9  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 h1J-AfV  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 *9*6n\~aI  
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脚本 vBq2JJAl  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： (]'4_
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 lLoFM  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Eo)n( Z9  
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分析 h?fv:^vSi  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ?\.P  
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脚本代码 %]RzC`NZ  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 8M8=
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY w9l)=[s=  
Dim op As T_OPERATION wIL5-k,  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL cD]{ Nn  
Dim A As Double n+j'FfSz  
Dim pupilDiam As Double rEz=\yY^j'  
Dim eID As Long B
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Dim parID As Long 0|HD(d`a  
Dim count As Integer tJ[Hcx*N  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (Kv[~W7lb  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double [P,1UO|$B  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double =M ?  
Dim ok As Long =)(sN"%  
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Sub Main <JDkvpckx.  
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    '用户输入对话框 gey`HhZp)  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ci6j"nKci  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 I4gyGg$H  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 f4CwyL6ur  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 UACWs3`s+  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ?UQE;0 B  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 \P+lb-~\"  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 )!e-5O49r  
    End Dialog DpoRR`  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog /DJyNf*  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 4Ts5*_  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed j ]F  Zy  
        Print "Execution cancelled." #p6#,PZ  
        End O5LB&s  
    End If 8lT.2H  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty jx+%X\zokA  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then uJ{N?  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation QY/36gK  
    Else +}J2\!Jw  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Y_xPr%%A  
    End If -{-w5_B$  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then m+s^K{k}  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter tHJ#2X#Y.  
    Else U;LbP-{B  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 2~K.m@U}!Z  
    End If *U)!9DvA  
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    Print " " #,0%g1  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Wm7Dy7#l  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" uy9k^4Cqa  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ry/AF  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness W]4Gs;  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens n[[rI0]g  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 6dt]$  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ?ye)&  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 2n2{Oy>L  

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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness NgaX&m`  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction `Jq ?+W  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation :lcZ)6&S  
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    '************************************************************************* fq~<^B  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) zC\ pd#  
    '************************************************************************* >t<FG2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) loZJV M  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity jV;&*4if  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 82WXgB>  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z >%h_ R:  
    count = 0 uHkL$}C  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  yS_,lS  
        GetOperation eID, count, op :<YcV#!P  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then hu%UEB  
            DeleteOperation eID,count :[3{-.c  
            count=count-1 }nvHEo  
        End If x0
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        count=count+1 WoHFt*e2  
    Wend kL 6f^MoL  
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    'Set new shift in ZRf-V9  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" t,4q]Jt  
    op.val1 = taq zRbooo{N  
    op.parent = parID !j#Z48=&  
    AddOperation eID, op -9Wx;u4]o  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 rR@ t5  
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    '************************************************************************* (Hb i+IHV  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens j(F
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    '************************************************************************* aL$m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ?vuM'UH-  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ,R5NKWo  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant rlqn39  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant L:"i,K#P  
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    '************************************************************************* _Il/ i&  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ))^rk6  
    '************************************************************************* Pou-AzEP$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" )  +ulBy  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |FGt'  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost W|_ @ju  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost }2:/&H'  
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    '************************************************************************* =G2D4>q  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ; {$9Sc $  
    '************************************************************************* *T' /5,rX2  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 3YVG|Bc~_  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s)
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    count = 0 j38>,9u,  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count gO_{(\w*  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %p6"Sg*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then H RJz  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Ymkk"y.w  
            count=count-1 ,7,x9qE"  
        End If Vb*q^ v  
        count=count+1 [ &RZ&  
    Wend "PK\;#[W|  
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    'Set new z-shift FZ'|z8Dm  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `W,gYH7  
    op.val1 = tlens +a_eNl,  
    op.parent = parID yb*P&si5bY  
    AddOperation eID, op 7t=e"|^  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 25]Mi2_
 
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    '************************************************************************* xtMN<4#E  
    'Lens index of refraction pv*u[ffi  
    '************************************************************************* $o"Szy  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) OBaG'lrZy  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ;M}'\.  
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    mat.Nd = nlens NKf][!bi  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat H~UxVQLPp
 
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens jH#Tt;  
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    '************************************************************************* :%cL(',Q  
    'Pupil diameter
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    '************************************************************************* &m2FEQLj  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) MT9c:7}
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) |fnP@k  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" UUi@ U  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Nr)v!z~y   
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mpfc2>6Il.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) C%#=@HC  
    count = 0 t"Ok-!c|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^*(*tS|M  
        GetOperation eID, count, op =c>2d.^l  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then OCmF/B_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count q8%T)$!  
            count=count-1 )7@f{E#w  
        End If ?RL[#d+y  
        count=count+1 Si#I^aF`%  
    Wend /.{4 KW5  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" h.CbOI%Q  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 9a}rE  
    op.parent = parID ??eSGQ|  
    AddOperation eID, op pJ35M  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam JW[y  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description /W&Ro5-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) AuIb>@a  
    GetEntity eID, entity
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" QCB2&lN\&L  
    SetEntity eID, entity L1=+x^WQ  
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    Update 2z9\p%MX  
    Print "DONE!" |hBX"  
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End Sub I^erMQn[ z  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： C "XvspJ  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters IB9[Lx  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm tGHZU^B:}  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 zUX%$N+w}>  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 9gP-//L@  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 r}kQ<SRx  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 f P'qUN  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 -6lsR  
Set pupil diameter = 4 b[&A,ZPh$@  
DONE! Q;r9>E!  
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