[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 >\5IB5'j  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 /eNDv(g)M  
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模型 T@\%h8@~]  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 UZb!tO2  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. hT?|:!ED.F  
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光源 P*.0kR1n  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 [3fmhc  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 bbxo!K m"  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 !;h`J:dN  
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视网膜的散射 %Tm8sQ)1  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ,R2;oF_  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 q$BS@   
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脚本 J'#R9NO<  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： jpRC
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 5BsfbLKC  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 85 <%L:EC  
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分析 \>nY%*
 
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 S1G3xY$0  
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脚本代码 ST7Xgma-  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Sxg&73;ZV  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY +3%i7  
Dim op As T_OPERATION $ Ov#^wfA  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Z&Ao;=Gp1  
Dim A As Double 2E_*'RT  
Dim pupilDiam As Double $3D#U^7i  
Dim eID As Long }Asp=<kCc  
Dim parID As Long /{HK0fd  
Dim count As Integer V^5Z9!
  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Aa`'g0wmc  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double &RbT&  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 2z615?2_U  
Dim ok As Long 8@J5tFJ&%  
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Sub Main }&:F,q*  
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    '用户输入对话框 ZK8I f?SD  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 h(Ccm
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 |{JJ2c\W  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 \jGvom.  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 bk{.9nz2  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 8bP4  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Y~+`F5xX<  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 M+Jcgb]  
    End Dialog bJ6@ B<  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog D>).^>|q  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) c0M>CaKD  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 'p:L"L}Q?  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Z4aK  
        End 1l`$.k  
    End If GYM6 `  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 5*31nMP\  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then s#2<^6  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation kx_PMpc  
    Else eQ}o;vJN  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) | 'SqG}h  
    End If
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then (Ut)APM  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter vKzq7E  
    Else u |hT1l  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) xp395ub6  
    End If 2qb,bp1$  
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    Print " " %n3l
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Z;^U
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" K%) K$/A  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Yy4?|wVl  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 'g8~uP  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens [jD.l;jF  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens `&.]>H)N*  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 3H0~?z_  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens je^!W?U4<  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness : -@o3Syg  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction x"@Y[  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ;:nO5VFOg  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) /( /)nYAjk  
    '************************************************************************* ]j.??'+rg  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) niZ/yW{w  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 4s?x 8oAy  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) C.r9)#G  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z \:cr2w'c  
    count = 0 RO-ABFEi(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0jY#,t?>  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 26fbBt8nP  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #`tn:cP  
            DeleteOperation eID,count KGCm@oy  
            count=count-1 FFH9$>A  
        End If K)|#FRPM u  
        count=count+1 ,t4g^67R{  
    Wend c;w%R8z  
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    'Set new shift in eMPkk=V  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" CwKo'PAJ  
    op.val1 = taq 4}:a"1P"  
    op.parent = parID eGrC0[SH  
    AddOperation eID, op (>
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ;~Eb Q  
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    '************************************************************************* ^c1%$@H  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ;<Dou7=  
    '************************************************************************* H\tz"<*``  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) }(AgXvRq  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic +kF$I7LN  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant #4. S2m4  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant zmf`}j[  
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    '************************************************************************* krkRP%jy  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 3%Jg' Tr+  
    '************************************************************************* }-H<wQ&x  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 41y}n{4n8  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic HFD5*Z~M  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost C'C'@?]  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost | fAt[e_E  
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    '************************************************************************* 8fzmCRFH  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) j[!'l,I  
    '************************************************************************* ,5" vzGLJ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) hETTD%  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) eiB5 8b3  
    count = 0 3R%'<MV|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 24_F`" :-=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op wrq0fHwM  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 7Wg0-{yK4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count "WOY`su>  
            count=count-1 %of#VSk  
        End If LGq}wxq  
        count=count+1 BBy"qkTe  
    Wend pX ]K-  
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    'Set new z-shift U@v=q9'W  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `INcZr"  
    op.val1 = tlens 1P&XG@  
    op.parent = parID cF_hU"  
    AddOperation eID, op :70cOt~Z  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens w~>V2u_-  
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    '************************************************************************* c
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    'Lens index of refraction xe[Cuy$P  
    '************************************************************************* _@0>yMZ^  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) T!eb=oy  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat s }q6@I  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 5DKR1z:  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat NZ`W`#{  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens UX=JWb_uGm  
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    '************************************************************************* hRZ9[
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    'Pupil diameter ?1 $.^  
    '************************************************************************* g]O"l?xx1D  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Kl~jcq&z  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) FCU~*c8C
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" \:C@L&3[  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens :WejY`}H%  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) b8v?@s~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 4;8 Z?.  
    count = 0 p%5RE%u  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 1{R1:`  
        GetOperation eID, count, op g&;:[&%T]  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Y
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            DeleteOperation eID,count XEMi~L+  
            count=count-1 NK'awv),pM  
        End If nE)?P*$3Z  
        count=count+1 lCg'K(|"  
    Wend ?cf9q@eAH  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" !Y/$I?13Z  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 W>036  
    op.parent = parID C0;c'4(  
    AddOperation eID, op X2!vC!4P?L  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam n\&[^Q#b|  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 7a 4G:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "<x%kD  
    GetEntity eID, entity 9.
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" W#E-vi+l  
    SetEntity eID, entity %g}ri8  
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    Update uqPagt<  
    Print "DONE!" dX-Xzg  
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End Sub DE:FWD<}  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 0dA'f0Uy\X  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters rI)op1K  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm gq4le=,v  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 smW 7zGE  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Fu:VRul=5$  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Va>~7  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ZAVjq;bq  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 H->J.5~,K  
Set pupil diameter = 4 wB}s>o\  
DONE! ^6`"f  
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