[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Jia@HrLR  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 1V[ZklS  
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模型 Ca?w"m~h  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 _nzq(m1@  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 8/)q$zs  
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光源 TBJ?8W(  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 5M'cOJ  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 (O09HY:  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 !~F oy F  
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视网膜的散射 }0H<G0  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 $(0<T<\  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 /#:
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脚本 AZNo%!)o  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： t W   
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 oui0:V
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 :u=y7[I  
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分析 c"`HKfL  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 zN+jn
  
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脚本代码 [.$%ti
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. |yOIC,5[JW  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY x3Fn'+  
Dim op As T_OPERATION @*op5qVw  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <$uDN].T4  
Dim A As Double vft7-|8T  
Dim pupilDiam As Double wp~KrUlR  
Dim eID As Long 8?EKF+.u|  
Dim parID As Long ],R\oMYy|P  
Dim count As Integer h=YTgJ  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double '{JMWNY  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double BUh(pS:  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double l_ x jsu  
Dim ok As Long d--6<_q  
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Sub Main :u@ w;  
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    '用户输入对话框 |z}VP-L  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 98zJ?NaD&  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 NgxJz ]b  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 I7f:
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ;uZq_^?:9&  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 6_9@s*=d>
 
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 4|eI_u{_  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ), VF]  
    End Dialog 3<a|_(K  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog hG9Mp!d91  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) $Zrc-tkV  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed pnv)D}"  
        Print "Execution cancelled." G&6`?1k  
        End {t'SA]|g  
    End If KmD#I
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty e5n"(s"G*[  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then O+Db#FW  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation VF<VyWFC0`  
    Else ~/K'n  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) \)g}  
    End If ;t.)A3 PL  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 6k|f]
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter \:Hh'-77q  
    Else >8`;SEnv  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ,;h}<("q  
    End If E|VTbEYG  
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    Print " " ~Bt>Y  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" gPpk0LZi  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 7<5=fYbr  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation j#VR>0oC]\  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 9J}^{AA  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens d8^S~7  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens _tnoq;X[  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens w(odgD  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens kL -f@CD  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 8(-N;<Ef2  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction wr6(C:  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation )Y=ti~?M(  
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    '************************************************************************* $j0<ef!  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) #]wBXzu?  
    '************************************************************************* uHt@;$9A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Y^5)u/Y=U  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity MnW"ksH  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) n1y*`5!  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z uX&Tn1Kg  
    count = 0 pm*i!3g'  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :rN5HOg^9  
        GetOperation eID, count, op M9(Kxux#  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Vf$
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            DeleteOperation eID,count XpP}(A@G  
            count=count-1 ,Mu"r!MK  
        End If 5e c T.  
        count=count+1 "A}2iI  
    Wend YD;"_yH  
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    'Set new shift in 1F[W~@jW  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" t,yMO  
    op.val1 = taq /|[%~`?BM  
    op.parent = parID 'u%SI]*;>  
    AddOperation eID, op dYp} R>+  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 8wzQr2:  
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    '************************************************************************* V_H0z  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens @9h6D<?  
    '************************************************************************* -+ Mh('K  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [mG:PTK3  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /h K/
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant esHcE{GNOS  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant (fC U+  
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    '************************************************************************* .v#Tj|w^  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens +C`zI~8  
    '************************************************************************* \7tJ)[0aF  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @t,Y<)U  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic KA]5tVQA  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost [hKt4]R  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost :.F;LF&  
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    '************************************************************************* )gKX+'  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) [7=?I.\Cr7  
    '************************************************************************* ,gn**E  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Q~$hx{foN  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) \t']Lf  
    count = 0 9{n?Jy  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;Qdw$NuW  
        GetOperation eID, count, op +dF/$+t  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then q `^5<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count FKkL%:?  
            count=count-1 xSZ+6R|  
        End If oD
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        count=count+1 t,R4q*  
    Wend :P20g](  
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    'Set new z-shift kZHIzU  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" !1ZrS  
    op.val1 = tlens +p_>fO  
    op.parent = parID g7<u eF  
    AddOperation eID, op C;oT0(  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens g,""j`  
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    '************************************************************************* dp#'~[
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    'Lens index of refraction [[VB'Rs  
    '************************************************************************* *odwg$  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ttA0* >'  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat P)&qy .+E0  
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    mat.Nd = nlens {N 0i 3e s  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat X,i^OM_  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens xC.Tipn>  
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    '************************************************************************* \TTt!"aK  
    'Pupil diameter
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    '************************************************************************* kJG0X%+w  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) _q1E4z  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @DA.$zn&  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" .3< sv  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ?9m@ S#@  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /U =eB?>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) FW--|X]8  
    count = 0 qB44;!(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count m #}%l3$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op =s$UU15  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then y9)Rl)7-:  
            DeleteOperation eID,count VLs%;|`5D  
            count=count-1 >'96SE3  
        End If Q=Y1kcTOn  
        count=count+1 &WAJ;7f  
    Wend vK~tgZ&  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" eIY![..J/N  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 $g+q;Y~i0  
    op.parent = parID 3pk`&'  
    AddOperation eID, op 55]E<2't  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam %q)*8  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description }Gg:y?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r&?i>.Kz8  
    GetEntity eID, entity |$aTJ9 Iq:  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" NM:\T1  
    SetEntity eID, entity [[;vZ  
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    Update +U];  
    Print "DONE!" tWN hFQ'  
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End Sub H|i39XV  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 60r4%>d  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters )`B n"=  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm p!]$!qHO(  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ?*h2:a$  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 FqT2+VO~  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 X=U>r  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 qS{E+
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 5$w`m3>i(  
Set pupil diameter = 4 +{F2hEYP  
DONE! a= *qsgPGL  
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