[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 n K0hTQ  
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模型 a#6,#Q"  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 8Y]}Gb!  

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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. zh hGqz[K  
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光源 \c'%4Ao  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 gtl;P_  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 012:BZR  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 2@OBeR  
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视网膜的散射 Z@8MhJ  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 W=(MsuirO  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 o4U]lK$  
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脚本 /,-h%gj  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ye56-T  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 1NB2y[  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 )+VHt  
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分析 AD0ptHUBa  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 i,C0o  
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脚本代码 M^!C?(Hx^x  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. & bp#1KR)  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY MxFt;GgE8  
Dim op As T_OPERATION qBfwN1  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL _3-RoA'UZr  
Dim A As Double 2D\x-!l/  
Dim pupilDiam As Double rQ9?N^&!%  
Dim eID As Long (xjoRbU*  
Dim parID As Long wliGds  
Dim count As Integer #3 }5cC8_  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double  <Hq6]\<  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double mgJ]@s}9  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ui0J}DM  
Dim ok As Long \#IJ=+z  
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Sub Main BWqik_  
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    '用户输入对话框 \.XT:B_  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 QSl:=Q'  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 24.7S LXO  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 `2Z4#$.  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 3> n2  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 kHz+ZY<?  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 c1Fru  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 *_<SWTE
 
    End Dialog YFC0KU  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Wfi:wCqZG  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) { c6DT  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed tq4"QBIKh  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ouu-wQ|(mM  
        End xC=3|,U  
    End If X=*Yzz}  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty y5Z<uwXc  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then  8E.5k@  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation }tl8(kjm  
    Else 0|wKR|zW  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Np5/lPb1  
    End If
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then D KMbs  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter k7Be'E BKG  
    Else <*~BG)b  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Cs6zv>SR  
    End If u\Erta`  
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    Print " " X<@y*?D9D  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" sWpRX2{5,  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" JE8p5WaR  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation `hQ!*f6  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ^r?sgJ  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens HnKF#<  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens V]CK'   
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens yg]nS<K~4  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Ry*I~<
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction "n2xn%t{  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation
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    '************************************************************************* JNA}EY^2I.  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) M$5%QM}  
    '************************************************************************* +h\W~muR  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) <=GzK:4L  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity @gVyLefS6g  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) q.hc%s2?  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z HDae_.  
    count = 0 j/`qd(=B  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count A1s=;qr  
        GetOperation eID, count, op NcY0pAR*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then x#}eC'Q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count N=?kEX O  
            count=count-1 tEs[zo+DR-  
        End If (A<sFw?  
        count=count+1 L|xen*O  
    Wend 3x;y}:wQa  
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    'Set new shift in u g$\&rM>
 
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" dmMr8-w  
    op.val1 = taq r(xlokpnb6  
    op.parent = parID V;+$/>J`vB  
    AddOperation eID, op f8_UIdM7  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 z%gtV'  
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    '************************************************************************* nJ0eZBgB]  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens $(mdz)Cfy  
    '************************************************************************* {*r$m>HpM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) E1 gTrMo  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ~9'4w-Sy  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 7(+ZfY~w"  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 3usA  
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    '************************************************************************* rZCAj  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens WuQ<AS=
 
    '************************************************************************* ~ z&A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Am`A[rV0  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic )B5gs%u]  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost I)/7M}t`  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost %oKc?'L0  
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    '************************************************************************* {-]HYk  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) GyM%vGl 3  
    '************************************************************************* 5i-;bLm  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |[7$) $  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 92ww[+RQ@  
    count = 0 6@*;Wk~  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4bjp*1*]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 2o}G<7r  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ph (k2cb  
            DeleteOperation eID,count l*MUDT@M8\  
            count=count-1 Gqb-3ngH  
        End If GYmBxX87  
        count=count+1 9nAK6$/  
    Wend SJ_cwYwI$  
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    'Set new z-shift &UH z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" DH*|>m&  
    op.val1 = tlens uB"m!dL  
    op.parent = parID .vF<3p|  
    AddOperation eID, op )7mJ+d[  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ,$ret@.H  
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    '************************************************************************* L"<Eov6  
    'Lens index of refraction ;pK"N:|  
    '************************************************************************* CKw)J}z  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 5kZ yiC*  
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    mat.Nd = nlens a8P6-)W  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat QHz76i!=>  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 7%}}m&A7h  
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    '************************************************************************* )cBV; E<  
    'Pupil diameter U4pvQE.m<  
    '************************************************************************* qz SI cI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) #e|kA&+8M  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 5i&V ~G  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ?kefRev<#h  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 4 V*)0?oYE  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3`q`W9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `W S  
    count = 0 DQQjx>CK  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $X]v;B)J|  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \{mJO>x  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then EmoU7iy  
            DeleteOperation eID,count d0,F'?.0|  
            count=count-1 dPX>A4wp  
        End If 0R%58,R  
        count=count+1 ,gD i)]  
    Wend E#]%e^  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" {
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 b
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    op.parent = parID tTamFL6  
    AddOperation eID, op ]gk1h=Y~h  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam @SB+u+mOS  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description )j*qGsOg  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) LvdMx]*SSr  
    GetEntity eID, entity y>PbYjuIU  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "G(/MT^C  
    SetEntity eID, entity 1nmWL0  
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    Update aoX$,~oI5  
    Print "DONE!" 6*Qpq7Ml  
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End Sub =0Sa  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： xn[di-LF  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters A/aQpEb%  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm #1k,t  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 T]`" Xl8  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 WLb7]rCTp  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 j=4>In?x  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 `6su_8Hno  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 2Mp;/b!  
Set pupil diameter = 4 _>I5Ud8(-  
DONE! LPF?\mf ^4  
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