[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 #F^0uUjq  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 o9XT_!Cwg  
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模型 ahUc;S:v#  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 2=%R>&]*  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. VpO+52&  
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光源 0XzrzT"&  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 k|r|*|8  

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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 = }!4%.$  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。  %>z)Q  
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视网膜的散射 /lb"g_  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 [h0.k"&[  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 v*lj>)L  
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脚本 K)&oDwk  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ,&ld:v?~  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 M@a=|N~  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 OaF[t*]D3  
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分析 gCP f1z  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 /DxeG'O  
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脚本代码 @#1T-*  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. O <#H5/Tq  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY }HLV'^"k  
Dim op As T_OPERATION d3&l!DoX  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL zi?G wh~  
Dim A As Double u?V Tns
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Dim pupilDiam As Double Rdj/n :  
Dim eID As Long P~9y}7Q\0  
Dim parID As Long *U:0c ;h  
Dim count As Integer S&z8-D=8k  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double TYu(;~  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double SadffAvSA{  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double .?dYY;P  
Dim ok As Long Kq&JvY^  
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Sub Main <d] t{M62W  
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    '用户输入对话框 R.)w l  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 i"OY=iw-N  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 "jA?s9  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 X{-901J1  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 oeF0t'%  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 9`|~-b  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 gK",D^6T*Y  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 up )JU [  
    End Dialog )^[PW&=W|x  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog aC,?FWm  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 0s o27k  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed WP ~]pduT  
        Print "Execution cancelled." %C=?Xhnv  
        End 5"^Z7+6  
    End If mY0FewwTy  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 9 6j*F,{  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then yl UkVr   
        A = 0           'Default accommodation &A)u!l Ue  
    Else bTJ l  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) {-.ZFUZmT  
    End If ZO\x|E!b  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then "Wn8}T*  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter xt=ELzu$  
    Else HWOOw&^<  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) D?`|`Mu  
    End If bO6LBSZx]  
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    Print " " k:*(..!0z  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" s%Irh;Bs  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" L/7YI\C2  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation \ ix&
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ^7,`6g
 
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens a~Nh6 x  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens tEjT$`6hp  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens o@W:PmKW  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens LY1dEZ-)A  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness b5t:">wC  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction \+VQoB/  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 29kR7[k  
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    '************************************************************************* K3-Cuku  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) U2HAIV8  
    '************************************************************************* -H9WwFk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) L{uQ:;w1  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity P^J#;{R  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6hAMk<kx?i  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z X3l? YA  
    count = 0 Z[G:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count r0j+P%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op c(r8 F[4w  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5KRI}f  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Dh.pH1ZY3n  
            count=count-1 +~f5dJyk`  
        End If (8jQdbZU
 
        count=count+1 Y7WU4He L  
    Wend vR?E'K3  
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    'Set new shift in RC+`sZE9  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" O~&j}WN  
    op.val1 = taq *7G5\[gI$  
    op.parent = parID +hUz/G+3  
    AddOperation eID, op YT\.${N  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 aa,^+^J  
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    '************************************************************************* Q/^a(  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens dA=T+u  
    '************************************************************************* %w#8t#[,6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 7xoq:oP-}N  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %hV]vm
  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 3&"+)*/ m  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant N5|wBm>m  
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    '************************************************************************* Lu9`(+  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens {D7v[P+  
    '************************************************************************* ZZJ<JdD  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) B f"L;L  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost z-G*:DfgH  
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    '************************************************************************* ~xU\%@I\  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) /\d@AB^5I  
    '************************************************************************* w*krPaT3  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) qz&?zzz;  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) _8&a%?R@W  
    count = 0 (;cvLop  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count CjZIBMGc  
        GetOperation eID, count, op WIYWql>*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `<IaQY  
            DeleteOperation eID,count -mqL[ h,  
            count=count-1 RR[1mM  
        End If Pm==m9  
        count=count+1 9Z lfY1=  
    Wend 7p[NuU*Gg  
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    'Set new z-shift G}#p4\/  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]Pf!wv  
    op.val1 = tlens )kvrQ6  
    op.parent = parID ,FWsgqL{l  
    AddOperation eID, op ;>r E+k%_  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens E?cf#;2h8m  
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    '************************************************************************* Y20T$5{#  
    'Lens index of refraction cNiNLwc  
    '************************************************************************* =H/
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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) *:8,w?Nt  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat IyoitIbLl  
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    mat.Nd = nlens y!/:1BHlm  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Q+; N(\  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens &2,^CG  
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    '************************************************************************* A&L2&ofV&q  
    'Pupil diameter +XpQ9Cd  
    '*************************************************************************  7;$[s6$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ujh`&GiB+  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 5m9;'SF  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ,QPo%{:p  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens R/Te;z  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) m*'87a9q0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Q&8epO|J  
    count = 0 tLzKM+Ct#  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :[?65q{  
        GetOperation eID, count, op i9v|*ZM"  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then
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            DeleteOperation eID,count ,nSapmg  
            count=count-1 {)PgN  
        End If -~ H?R  
        count=count+1 ~=gpn|@b  
    Wend C(&3L[  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" l09SWug  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 {;+9A}e  
    op.parent = parID #BwOWra  
    AddOperation eID, op +%?\#EQJ  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam u+qj_Ej  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description T4h&ly5 f  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %,f(jQfg_  
    GetEntity eID, entity aPm2\Sq$  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" PZk"!I<oN  
    SetEntity eID, entity 5E0dX3-  
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    Update 495A\8#  
    Print "DONE!" #PQhgli  
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End Sub WP >VQZ&  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： S=qx,<J 39  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters nTCwLnX(O  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ~'0W(~Q8  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 f[-$##S.~  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 4%5 +  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 @6%o0p9zz  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 .svlJSx  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 wVkRrFJ  
Set pupil diameter = 4 `u$lSGl  
DONE! cBQ+`DXn5c  
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