[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 2tK~]0x  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 bsu?Q'q  
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模型 .K~V DUu  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 k`>qb8,  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. -!+i ^r
 
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光源 =Jl\^u%H(x  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 4mY^pQ1=L  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 7vgRNzZoq  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 <6]Hj2  
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视网膜的散射 BpA7 z/  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 `ci  P  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 +q2\3REzx  
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脚本 nS$4[!0  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： T\zn&6  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 \zVp8MMf  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 aEQrBs  
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分析 hQ%X0X,  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 fm^tU0D
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脚本代码 'lC=k7@x  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Lo'G
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY +7"UF) ~k  
Dim op As T_OPERATION B$=1@  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL /;TD n>lq  
Dim A As Double HU +271A8  
Dim pupilDiam As Double brE%/%!e  
Dim eID As Long K~&3etQF  
Dim parID As Long WFug-#;e  
Dim count As Integer %RIu'JXi  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Zjc/GO  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double UHl1>(U  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double F":dS-u&L  
Dim ok As Long R$/q=*k  
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Sub Main i+-=I+L3  
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    '用户输入对话框 qqYQ/4Ajw  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 u8~5e  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Dxr4B<  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 C`oB [  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 a<pEVV\NB~  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 iee`Yg!EOH  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 -RThd"  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 IxlPpS9Wx  
    End Dialog H'2o84$  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog sGM
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) FP6JfI8  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed z_&T>ME  
        Print "Execution cancelled." G~lnX^46"  
        End /X\:3P  
    End If Z!?T&:  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty FZ% WD@=  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then l~`JFWur]  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation y3 S T"U  
    Else 61K:SXj  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) No/D"S#  
    End If 6:TA8w|  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then `? f sU  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 7 (i\?  
    Else X0m6<q  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) <,'^dR7,  
    End If 0vz!)  
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    Print " " TP/bPZY  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" zL:k(7E   
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" k*T&>$k}^  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation iHOvCrp+X  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ,6\oT;G  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens x8h=3e$  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens $5yH8JU  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens g>Kh?(  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Ils
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness x@"`KiEUs  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction yCye3z.  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation BO=j*.YKy  
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    '************************************************************************* IQ}YF]I;  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) fxX4 !r  
    '************************************************************************* `lq[6[n  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) X=b]Whuv  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity K"ytE2:3  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) V_7QWIdiy>  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z lF1ieg"i M  
    count = 0 qeZ*!H6-  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v/DWy(CC  
        GetOperation eID, count, op xYWg1e$k  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #kDJ>r |&-  
            DeleteOperation eID,count syLpnNx=  
            count=count-1 C")NNs=  
        End If Q|J$R  
        count=count+1 XB-l[4?  
    Wend BnLE+
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    'Set new shift in 0(dXU\Y  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" t12 xPtN1  
    op.val1 = taq *6%r2l'kZ  
    op.parent = parID f)K1j{TZ  
    AddOperation eID, op 'gwh:8Xc  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 <swYo<?J#  
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    '************************************************************************* -J=N  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens $
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    '************************************************************************* u9%)_Q!14  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) JdeGQ  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic s\dF7/b  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant F45UO%
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant u0& dDZ  
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    '************************************************************************* x,SzZ)l-9  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens L>EC^2\  
    '************************************************************************* ~'l.g^p bv  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) -=D6[DjU<  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic HJu;4O($  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost h .$3jNU  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost K+_$ WT_  
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    '************************************************************************* M%8:  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) pP6pn~}  
    '************************************************************************* %A<|@OSdOa  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) hVcV_  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) -F
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    count = 0 y$e'-v  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count {~ngI<  
        GetOperation eID, count, op <v)Ai;l,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then CdRgI^5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 5'Fh_TXTD  
            count=count-1 9H<6k*  
        End If 3[L)q2;}$N  
        count=count+1
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    Wend EI29;  
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    'Set new z-shift x-_!I>l&  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Nz&J&\X)tD  
    op.val1 = tlens 7QlA/iKqK  
    op.parent = parID f}'E|:Z 7k  
    AddOperation eID, op 04wmN  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens J!:ss  
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    '************************************************************************* |'2E'?\/x  
    'Lens index of refraction Pxj?W'|  
    '************************************************************************* *zy0,{bl  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) @Ooh}V#J  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Z=Oo%lM6B  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ,z?Re)qm  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat <o_H]c->  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens q lL6wzq,  
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    '************************************************************************* #isBE}sT{  
    'Pupil diameter j!;?=s  
    '************************************************************************* .s_wP  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) H!ZPP8]j>  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) !5
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ?.:C+*+  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens *fq=["O  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1(Kd/%]{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 0j1I  
    count = 0 j+n1k^jC  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %cD7}o:u  
        GetOperation eID, count, op AR?J[e  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then oUm"
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            DeleteOperation eID,count Xv'M\T}6C+  
            count=count-1 `n7z+  
        End If ,2)LH'Xx  
        count=count+1 NwmO[pt+  
    Wend 'Z-jj2t}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" h]<Ld9  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 p3*}!ez4  
    op.parent = parID !9i,V{$c`"  
    AddOperation eID, op c8gdY`  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam i`E
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description }abM:O "Y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~?dPF;.6_  
    GetEntity eID, entity _.Y?BAQ  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" +GWeu0b(~  
    SetEntity eID, entity @7%nMTZ@&v  
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    Update kzGD*  
    Print "DONE!" PKu+$  
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End Sub z
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： . #;ZM[v  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters qU#
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 7,_N9Q]rB  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 u9e A"\s  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ?T70C9  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 K%>uSS?  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 lx~!FLn  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 V$-IRdb  
Set pupil diameter = 4 &`<j!xlG  
DONE! OUe@U;l{Z  
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