[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 #]q<fhJhr$  
,H'O`oV!1E  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 @{j'Pf'  
Z; r}Gm  
模型 *ukE"Aj  
 M#IGq  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 pMHY2t  
6,ylkf3  
ICTl{|i ]  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. .ss/E  
!6'j W!  
光源 A=Q"IdK  
1X.5cl?V  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 bu1O<*  
iL\<G} I  
9(dbo
u  
LBk1Qw}-  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 wwF]+w%lOw  
.\7R/cP}{A  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ]/XNfb  
vClD)Ar  
SuMK=^>%  
Z f4Xt Yn  
视网膜的散射 22a$//}E  
JM0'V0z  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ZXsm9  
O~.A}  
n9B1NM5 \  
Ratg!l|'-  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 #*:y2W%H  
C
P)x;  
Nc()$Nl8  
iEux`CcJ.  
脚本 we9R4*j  
2_6x2Ia4  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： L5Rj;qhi  
i:0~%X  
s(q\!\FS  
zHw[`"[  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 $&M"Ji  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 2~AGOx  
;]3Tuq  
分析 6 :K~w<mMJ  
'KMyaEh.u  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ):E4qlB  
u* G|TF  
nqg=I  
脚本代码 5 5>^H1M  
'oBT*aL  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. &ok2Xw  
3de<H=H'  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY v?F~fRH  
Dim op As T_OPERATION }:P/eY  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL H.qp~-n  
Dim A As Double ZP61T*n  
Dim pupilDiam As Double NdZv*  
Dim eID As Long (0g@Z`r  
Dim parID As Long w+(bkqz]  
Dim count As Integer +FRXTku(  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ^P >; %  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double `ySLic`  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double X!V@jo9?  
Dim ok As Long .e%PK  
m!L&_Z|j  
Sub Main T},Nqt<  
~]a:9Ev*  
    '用户输入对话框 ,d'x]&a  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 48nZ H=(Eh  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 P#-Ye<V~J(  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 6cQh8_/>{#  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 1nhC! jDD  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 p@!{Sh  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 usnbGkq  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 T|`nw_0  
    End Dialog }DjW  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog @U08v_,  
fl*]ua  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) ORHs1/L`j  
Xn^gxOPM  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ,r!_
4|\  
        Print "Execution cancelled." #u`i4  
        End m?VA 1  
    End If & F\HR  
NPF"_[RoeV  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty p3>p1tC  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then s ki'I  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation =S7Xj`/  
    Else H5j6$y|I|N  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) qKag'0e  
    End If -}Vnr\
f  
v#J2yg  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then w}nc^6qH  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ~{lSc/SP|  
    Else II
cG+zwx  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) <XG&f
  
    End If ZT;$aNy  
#InuN8sI  
    Print " " g.$a]pZz  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 6wK>SW)#&j  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" w;+x g  
U7i WYdt$  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation YQGVQ[P  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness =?hGa;/rb  
=wbgZr^2  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ;cKN5#7  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ^ z!g3  
 1$nlRQi  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens x{y}pH"H  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens =Ji+GJ<,9  
s?r:McF`  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness b?S,%  
eW%Cef  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction t&m8 V$Q  
mcbvB5U  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation &/)2P#u  
tbMf_-g  
    '************************************************************************* {yFCGCs  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) x -CTMKX  
    '************************************************************************* ;\1/4;m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) R.nAD{>h*  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity kF{'?R5w  
`b.KMOn  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) oN3DM;  
Ed">$S  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z W&MZ5t,k=  
    count = 0 j~DTvWg<Jl  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Jc8^m0_  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Wgp}v93  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -;T!d  
            DeleteOperation eID,count rf@Cz%xDD  
            count=count-1 B8J_^kd  
        End If &|6 A 8,  
        count=count+1 oW[];r  
    Wend ~1xfE C/  
`4GEq2%  
    'Set new shift in zoh%^8?o  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ')G,+d^  
    op.val1 = taq 5t('H`,2  
    op.parent = parID 4th*=ku  
    AddOperation eID, op ,hO*W-a%1  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ^~dBO%M^  
Mk=
M)d`  
    '************************************************************************* (3. B\8s  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens /sU~cn^D5  
    '************************************************************************* z?Hi u6c-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) >oD,wSYV~  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ([g[\c,H  
8rV"? m`S  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ICvl;Q  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 3haR/YN  
^$>Q6.x?*)  
    '************************************************************************* e^
Aw%t  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens A-6><X's6  
    '************************************************************************* ,_wpYTl*X  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 6VUkZKc  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic @XJzM]*w&  
=\ek;d0Tqb  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Yo-$Z-ud  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ,`Yx(4!rR  
;xXD2{q  
    '************************************************************************* vz~`M9^  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Z=KHsMnB  
    '************************************************************************* FN+x<VXo(  
&eA!h  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f)_k_<  
Kb$6a'u7  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) [@_IUvf^.  
    count = 0 |XrGf2P9u  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )i^+=TZq  
        GetOperation eID, count, op {9c_T!c  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then r9 5hW  
            DeleteOperation eID,count f,(@K%  
            count=count-1 C CDO8  
        End If 0F5QAR O  
        count=count+1 Efa3{ 7>{  
    Wend C#l9M
xZE  
NScUlR"nE  
    'Set new z-shift Z@ dS,M*  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" n/ CP2A  
    op.val1 = tlens :OKU@l|  
    op.parent = parID -s_=4U,  
    AddOperation eID, op N5F+h94z]  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens e~1$x`DH  
Hw\hTTK  
    '************************************************************************* hfL8]d-  
    'Lens index of refraction ETQL,t9m  
    '************************************************************************* b~td^  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Y$4dqn  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat D/`b~Yl  
.4%6_`E  
    mat.Nd = nlens Ir?ehA  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat +ab#2~,)  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens m
`!Vryf  
.t9*wz  
    '************************************************************************* /4Sul*{hc  
    'Pupil diameter +'`I]K>  
    '************************************************************************* 5M= S7B3=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) PBY;SG~  
Y{`hRz`  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) # n\|Q\W  
;/~%D(  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" @~j--L  
'iikcf*)C  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens A5 <T7~U  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) JPmZ%]wA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) qG8-UOUDt  
    count = 0 +V,Ld&r  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w<me(!-'  
        GetOperation eID, count, op )%Lgo${[;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then mKZ^FgG  
            DeleteOperation eID,count W:y'a3~  
            count=count-1 ]D\p<4uepM  
        End If I`
KBj6n  
        count=count+1 wrEYbb  
    Wend |>Wi5h{6X  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" lFc4| _c g  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 an` GY&  
    op.parent = parID v>'mW  
    AddOperation eID, op mF@DO$  
W}.p,d  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam G}0fk]%\:  
E
|BiK  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description n||!/u)*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) J%ue{PL7  
    GetEntity eID, entity F^}n7h=qk  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" fS- 31<?  
    SetEntity eID, entity -^<`v{}Dn  
mqv!"rk'w  
    Update QP[
`*X  
    Print "DONE!" :taRCh5  
     1`I#4f  
End Sub fH[:S9@  
G[[NDK  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： #Cz6
c%yK  
9KLhAYaq  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters +H8;*uZ|k,  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm xrky5[XoD  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 gKay3}w  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 m8ydX6~max  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 H=k`7YN  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ?.&?4*u  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +gsk}>"  
Set pupil diameter = 4 n\D3EP<s  
DONE! z0m[25FQG  
9,;+B8-A  
M"$TXXe  
QQ：2987619807 gHzjI[WI