[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 @DYxxM-  
K29]B~0%E  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 mA:NAV$!s  
[
m7jZOEu  
模型 $\>GQ~k  
D T^3K5  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 kd9rvy0oK  
GH2D5HVN  
-R 4t  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. JFVal#  
1_uq46  
光源 mc_`:I=  
L 0kK'n?  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 y?W8FL  
|V{'W-` |[  
3IHya=qN  
n|F$qV_p\  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 -fu=RR  
}0
c  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Ie>)U)/$  
.3k"1I '\  
9aT#7B  
^+cf  
视网膜的散射 ETe,RY  
/7
X:=~m  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 'M2Jw8i  
yjZxD[ Z  
9|O#+_=+v  
&G?b|Tb2  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 dV#h~  
%\-u&  
S5]rIcM  
%76N$`{u  
脚本 l=%v  
ipfiarT~)  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： PNg
j 8J4  
S!o!NSn@1  
|)QE+|?P  
qCOe,$\1/  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 hp6S *d  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 gl-O"%rMcL  
k0.|%0?K  
分析 TGu`r>N51  
-#=v~vE  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 U}(*}Ut  
Zuod1;qIh  
g9I2 e<;o  
脚本代码 qazM@  
1QXv}36#3n  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. >[B[Q_})  
c*ac9Y'o  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY zuR!,-W  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 5F$ elW
 
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL GMRw+z4  
Dim A As Double dN J2pfvv  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ~=i9]%g?  
Dim eID As Long 5 rkIK  
Dim parID As Long ?)k;.<6  
Dim count As Integer 9.
f/d4  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double W#E-vi+l  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double AjB-&Z  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double -L(F:
 
Dim ok As Long ZFh2v]|!  
8@ck" LUzD  
Sub Main !T02@e
/  
Au08k}h<G  
    '用户输入对话框 !},_,J~(|  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 m[,! orq  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0  U=MFNp+  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 .<j\"X(  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 {j.5!Nj]B  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 !8M]n  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 E9t[Mb %0  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Gb.r!W8  
    End Dialog |T0jq  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ^2}0lP|  
.~qu,q7k~  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) X*6bsYbK-  
s0 hD;`cm  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed > !k  
        Print "Execution cancelled."  chW 1UE  
        End 3 4CqLPg8  
    End If sui3(wb  
#Q}`kFB`  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty `)$'1,]u  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then p=_K P9  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 2bwf(  
    Else $TS4YaJ%  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) VJ;4~WgBz  
    End If \?A 7{IY  
nn!W-Bsqjh  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then FjD`bhw-  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Ub!MyXd{q  
    Else :clMO|  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Xl^=&!S>me  
    End If jC7`_;>=  
%_N-~zZ1E  
    Print " " NrPs :`  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" T7_i:HU%  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" V
uZd  
_Vr>/f  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation &y"e|aE  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness R@Ch3l@  
-E_lwK  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens +
HvEiY  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens A]^RV{P  
7:'7EqM  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens nS'hdeoW  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens CU'$JF  
<]#'6'  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 60?/Z2w5  
WBdC}S }3t  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 7kJ =C  
Obwj=_+upd  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation x-0S-1M  
&' E(
 
    '************************************************************************* YJi C}.4Q  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) <RQ
\nU  
    '************************************************************************* Fy_D
[g  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) uh#"4-v  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity SJ4[n.tPI  
&0A^_Z .nA  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) w+c%Y\:  
_qwKFC  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z n@IpO i$Q  
    count = 0 _)AX/%^%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @}sxA9a  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ^]_[dqd  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then e%_2n=p~)%  
            DeleteOperation eID,count wJ 0KI[p(S  
            count=count-1 #qqIOjS^w  
        End If z2:^Qg  
        count=count+1 F2jZ3[P  
    Wend hfzmv~*  
aYc*v5QN3  
    'Set new shift in >drG,v0qh  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" .dqV fa  
    op.val1 = taq -L=aZPW`M  
    op.parent = parID #w_cos[I  
    AddOperation eID, op ?Ybgzb  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 GZ xG!r-  
B
.)!zv\{  
    '************************************************************************* 90ZMO7_  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens w"?H4  
    '************************************************************************* `
<}Q4p  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) X
)P;UVR0  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic n."vCP}O+  
;Ih:$"$!  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Y|%s =0M  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant c;X8:Z=ja  
J@$h'YUF  
    '************************************************************************* /Z':wu\  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens "9Q @&C  
    '************************************************************************* 2/[J<c\G  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 1< 22,  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >iE/t$%1  
]mO$Tg&s~  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost H?\b   
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost LU'<EXUbY  
9 GEMmo3  
    '************************************************************************* r1vF/yt(  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) -|Z[GN:  
    '************************************************************************* )w3?o#@  
Y8$Y]2  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) b@6hG
iqx  
5W%^g_I  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) q.xt%`@aA  
    count = 0 ^r4@C2#vzJ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count H]i.\2z  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 2L\}
 
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then qIXo_H&\C  
            DeleteOperation eID,count /#WRd}IjK  
            count=count-1 Q&Q$;s3|Y  
        End If L$T23*9XY  
        count=count+1 yiourR)H<  
    Wend F?APDGAN  
I[P43>F3  
    'Set new z-shift 1W@ C]n4  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :9nqQJ+~  
    op.val1 = tlens
(TKn'2  
    op.parent = parID cJp:0'd  
    AddOperation eID, op No
Sq:e  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens kfb*|  
no~Yet+<"  
    '************************************************************************* YB;q5[  
    'Lens index of refraction WR5@S&fU`  
    '************************************************************************* /RWQ+Zf-Y]  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) $C&y-Hnar  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ,}8|[)"  
whoM$  &  
    mat.Nd = nlens =I(F(AE  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 9YMD[H\}V  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens CP5vo-/)-  
\my5E\  
    '************************************************************************* oSAO0h>0N  
    'Pupil diameter NA=I7I@  
    '************************************************************************* VXfp=JE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) `]u!4pP"  
dq6|m }g{  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) +1uAzm4SL  
^/"[jq3F  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" bi01]  
[wLK*9@&  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens >^fpQG  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5*~]=(BE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) s|cL mL[  
    count = 0 Xyz w.%4c  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count t9C.|6X  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ;$il_xA)\>  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _"4u?C#  
            DeleteOperation eID,count F]fBFDk  
            count=count-1 0Z11V9Jk  
        End If *_qLLJg  
        count=count+1 Z?@oe-mz  
    Wend M15jwR!:M  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" i(hL6DLD  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Qp?+G~*  
    op.parent = parID jV)4+D
 
    AddOperation eID, op $vC}Fq  
3EVAB0/$  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ;ZasK0  
NKX,[o1  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 1:.I0x!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) m-wK8]t9  
    GetEntity eID, entity u`ezQvrcy  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" _ Vo35kA  
    SetEntity eID, entity ^!FLi7X  
8AGP*"gI  
    Update *vqr+jr9  
    Print "DONE!" l(B(gPvU  
      l,lfkm  
End Sub gfPR3%EXs  
F<YXkG4pO  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： F\Z|JCA  
A,u}p rwH  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters g><*qd?t  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm X+$IaLfCxD  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 5Z<y
||=  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 9&O7F}VP2  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 .7`c(9<  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 !k}]`z^d  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Zr#\>h'c  
Set pupil diameter = 4 qX%oLa  
DONE! ^C|N  
zHg1K,t:  
m\DI6O"u'  
QQ：2987619807 Mr}K-C?ge