[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 H,3\0BKk  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 'rp }G&m  
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模型 Q_-_^J  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 eV:9y  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 6tHO!`}1  
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光源 ryF7  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 9EDfd NN  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ]D[DU]K  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 0"2=n.##  
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视网膜的散射 S}APQ  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 eSWLrryY  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 i1H\#;`$  
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脚本 hxCvk/7sT  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： pw7[y^[Qg  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 O@p]KSfk  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 /|xra8?H
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分析 D8 hr?:I9  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ^i:`ZfA#
 
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脚本代码 K~@Mg1R  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. +$oF]OO  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY p.LFVFPT  
Dim op As T_OPERATION @|Rrf*J?%  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL MEwo}=B  
Dim A As Double #1>X58I^  
Dim pupilDiam As Double m1Y>Nj[f  
Dim eID As Long V}\~ugN)y  
Dim parID As Long 8Y5  
Dim count As Integer ! u:Weoz  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double <=f}8a.R3  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double FJasS8  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double .A6(D$O k  
Dim ok As Long lo[.&GD  
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Sub Main hWX% 66  
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    '用户输入对话框 tKpmm`2  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 s`0QA!G{-  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 kT;S4B  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 S#+h$UVh  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 {GC?SaK  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 3YVi" k?2  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 2Lx3=k  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 :_O%/k1\@  
    End Dialog 'Fm
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog Yb E-6|cz  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) tg{H9tU;  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed y\a1iy  
        Print "Execution cancelled." xD6@Qk  
        End b#X^=n2  
    End If o LvZ  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Z?\2F%  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then '#k0a,<N  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ONe# rKJ_  
    Else %"P,1&\^  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) #FNcF>3>  
    End If ?]*^xL;x?  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then uuQ(&  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ~J P=T  
    Else m@^1JlH  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) qTqwPWW*  
    End If L31HGH2l  
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    Print " " p>upA)W]  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 3? HhG  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Vv ?-"\Z>  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation V>b\[(=s  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 5=Di<!a;  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens  Z
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens u,UmrR  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens |>#{[wko  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ~/P&Tub^  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness F F|FU<  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }nL7T'$>  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation @w?P7P<O`  
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    '************************************************************************* .dav8n*  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Dp':oJC
  
    '************************************************************************* R.yC(r  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 43@{JK9G  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 2'W<h)m)z  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7eiV{tYF  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z Gy6l<:;  
    count = 0 tfGHea)M  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count OEkN(wF  
        GetOperation eID, count, op @g&ct>@y  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;9c<K  
            DeleteOperation eID,count +>r/0b  
            count=count-1 +w+}b^4  
        End If  {PVWD7  
        count=count+1 m+Rv+_R  
    Wend LL3#5AA"k|  
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    'Set new shift in "\3B^ e,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" e8GEoD  
    op.val1 = taq 5.MGaU^Z$  
    op.parent = parID zc;|fHW~O  
    AddOperation eID, op )s%[T-uKi  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 TL}++e 7+  
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    '************************************************************************* p{j.KI s7  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens %'X[^W  
    '************************************************************************* PEc=\?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) j
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -}KC=,]vh  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant [rSR:V?"a  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant .p e(lP  
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    '************************************************************************* yge,8i)c  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens !0vG|C;'  
    '************************************************************************* *tK\R&4,4s  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) '2[albxSc  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic A}3=561F?5  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Ndi9FD3im  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost !Ikt '5/  
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    '************************************************************************* ' <@3i[M  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) /(.mp<s0  
    '************************************************************************* /assq+H  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) a-|*?{o  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) gk0(ANx  
    count = 0 "HDcmIXg&  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @Bf%s(Uj+  
        GetOperation eID, count, op v5QqS8u_C  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?B}{GL2)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count  q)^Jj?W  
            count=count-1 PqiB\~o@Z  
        End If f7X6fr<  
        count=count+1 qa0 yg8,<  
    Wend Yd#/1!A7u  
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    'Set new z-shift JNJ=e,O,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" k[:bQ)H  
    op.val1 = tlens 6{^E{go  
    op.parent = parID *fn*h[pV&  
    AddOperation eID, op 9*{[buZX  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 9mmCp&~Z  
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    '************************************************************************* rjp-Fw~1w  
    'Lens index of refraction d;>#Sxf  
    '************************************************************************* `CgaS#  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) rU2%dkTa  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat :[hgxJu+  
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    mat.Nd = nlens NqDHCI  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ?C&z]f3(:  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens oaoU _V  
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    '************************************************************************* w[IE
 
    'Pupil diameter S&b*rA02zp  
    '************************************************************************* #nK>Z[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) %\H|B0  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) /p+>NZ"b  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" |Y[wzDYV  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens =p=rg$?  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /qy-qUh3h  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) @EnuJe  
    count = 0 .7.b:Dn0  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .MJofE;Jn  
        GetOperation eID, count, op -wSg2'b4E  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /iJ4{p  
            DeleteOperation eID,count /$'AjIg4:&  
            count=count-1 3P^sM1  
        End If oIb|*gX^  
        count=count+1 TTt#a6eJ  
    Wend 49dd5ddr  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" pm_u  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Dm-zMCf}Q  
    op.parent = parID #>mr[ 
 
    AddOperation eID, op
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam jkt_5+S  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description f=mZu1(FZ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) I.94v #r  
    GetEntity eID, entity ]A<~XIu  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 6T#+V37  
    SetEntity eID, entity )XzI #iQ  
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    Update zN:K%AiGxe  
    Print "DONE!" P)MDPI+~  
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End Sub t<|NLk.  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： YtfVD7m  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 4
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm @vrV*!  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 P:aJ#
 
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 @
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 86mp=6@  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 9)gC6IiW  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ,}))u0q+:  
Set pupil diameter = 4 By9*1H2R  
DONE! ^WNrGF  
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