[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ]3y5b9DuW  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 g*c\'~f;  
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模型 @SG="L  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Y&!]I84]  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. &b6@_C9  
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光源 u`Qcw|R+  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 '=5_u  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 m"7R 4O  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 N3c)ce7[  
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视网膜的散射 S!!\!w>N  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 aq\TO?  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 j~f 7WJ  
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脚本 ?!j/wV_H  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 'yRv~BA  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 U105u.#7  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 [Q_|6Di  
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分析 !;C(p
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Wc;D{p?Lb  
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脚本代码 &:f'{>3z  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. =V]i?31[  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY pYUkd!K"  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 3Il/3\  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL XXmu|h  
Dim A As Double HwMsP$`q  
Dim pupilDiam As Double g@f/OsR76  
Dim eID As Long K2`WcEe  
Dim parID As Long :!15>ML;-  
Dim count As Integer %)ov,p|  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double -+@~*$ d  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ~0GX~{;r  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Z@O e}\.$  
Dim ok As Long l^?A8jG  
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Sub Main !-nm7Q  
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    '用户输入对话框 <%uZwk>#  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 r9*H-V$  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 TsW6w  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 .h^Ld,Chj  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 n8aiGnd=v  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 bO3KaOC8N  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 -vAG5x/,  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 }mZ*f y0t  
    End Dialog jt?%03iuk  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog _!1c.[\T  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) D ,^ U%<`  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed urjp&L&  
        Print "Execution cancelled." g]JI}O*5  
        End 5
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    End If )X$n'E  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Z i&X ,K~  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then yE{UV>ry  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation i.,B 0s]Z  
    Else O4mWsr  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) iPNsEQ0We  
    End If vu >@_hv  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then )@M|YM1+  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter czi!q1<vg  
    Else OZ9j3Q;a$  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ')~HOCBSE  
    End If hmk5 1  
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    Print " " 1nG"\I5N}  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" (XWs4R.mkb  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 8Wp1L0$B  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation m':m`,c
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness sM[c\Z]  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens WG4|Jf Y  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens +Q&@2 oY"  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Ut@)<N  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ^T>.04";x  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Q&{5.}L  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Vdyx74xX  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation i?9Lf  
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    '************************************************************************* $%
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 6h8NrjX  
    '************************************************************************* #}?$mxME*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) tJ3s#q6  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity qpCi61lTDJ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #y%Ao\~kG  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z IC~D?c0H:  
    count = 0 qxh\umm+2  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ><^@
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        GetOperation eID, count, op cMAfW3j: ;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )qe o`4+y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count >dY"B$A>  
            count=count-1 lN"rhZ  
        End If :#;?dMkTY  
        count=count+1
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    Wend h#9)M  
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    'Set new shift in Zx0c6d!B  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 9G9lSj5>  
    op.val1 = taq aleIy}"  
    op.parent = parID 9X~^w_cdk  
    AddOperation eID, op #'oK
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ;?9~^,l  
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    '************************************************************************* Zup?nP2GkT  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens !j@ 8:j0WY  
    '************************************************************************* x&wUPo{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) .b"e`Bw_=  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic g(Nf.hko  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ;RI,zQ  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant gS
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    '************************************************************************* 49D*U5o  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 2}AV_]]  
    '************************************************************************* {iv=KF_S_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) B#}RMFIj  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic AJ /_l;  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost A(B2XBS!?  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost CpXv?uU  
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    '************************************************************************* \<%a`IA!*  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) KpL82  
    '************************************************************************* 5+r#]^eQY-  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &w
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) {+MMqJCa  
    count = 0 :?TV6M  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count K+Qg=vGY  
        GetOperation eID, count, op FP$]D~DMo  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then qJ!xhf1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count q b'ka+X  
            count=count-1 ]pt @  
        End If Onl:eG;@  
        count=count+1 03xQ%"TU<  
    Wend Kh>^;`h  
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    'Set new z-shift = FQH  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" bm^ou#]|  
    op.val1 = tlens l"Css~^  
    op.parent = parID *\>7@r[%5  
    AddOperation eID, op A-<qr6q  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ``={FaV~m  
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    '************************************************************************* [|3 %~s|Sv  
    'Lens index of refraction wo/H:3^N  
    '************************************************************************* ,[x'S>N  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) B:l(`G  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 
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    mat.Nd = nlens opBvx>S  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat "371`!%  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens #f[yp=uI:  
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    '************************************************************************* Z?~7#F~Z`  
    'Pupil diameter g+f{I'j  
    '************************************************************************* jE{z4en  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) A;kB"Tx  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) OIN]u{S  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" niFjsTA.Z  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens &B) F_EI  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) EV9m\'=j  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }MoCUN)I  
    count = 0 te1
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count pDu~84!])  
        GetOperation eID, count, op '  _N >  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2 `#|;x^<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count zdY`c  
            count=count-1 Th-zMQ4  
        End If sg3%n0Ms.W  
        count=count+1 7JujU.&{6  
    Wend '+`
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @x)z" )>  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 1@/+ c  
    op.parent = parID > vgqf>)kk  
    AddOperation eID, op |/q*Fg[f  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam VRD2e ,K  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description iJ~pX\FKO  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &fW;;>  
    GetEntity eID, entity )xi|BqQz  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" $BG9<:p  
    SetEntity eID, entity B-o"Y'iXs  
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    Update hj-M #a  
    Print "DONE!" /H\ZCIu/7  
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End Sub L-Z1Xs  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据：  }UX>O  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Uq"RyvkpP  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm !j\yt  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 nPKf~|\1{  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 o8bVz2E  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 +W-sb5)  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 u'}DG#@-  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 .N
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Set pupil diameter = 4 D`Fl*Wc4H  
DONE! G3KiU($V  
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