[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ^lt2,x  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 :"MHmm=uU8  
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模型 1G7l+6w5~^  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 w7.,ch  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. r5N TTc  
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光源 YLi6GY  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 `YC7+`q  

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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 vQyY %  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ^h$*7u"^y  
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视网膜的散射 lYCvYe  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 +T@BOYhgq  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Rlk3AWl2u  
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脚本 CTW\Dt5
 
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： H" `'d  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 M%`CzCL u  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Z8ea)_{#  
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分析 wQUl!s7M;  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 %rG4X  
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脚本代码 up'`
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. UgGa]b[9A  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY O*l,&5  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ;,[0bmL  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL {WrEe7dLy  
Dim A As Double [w'Q9\,p
 
Dim pupilDiam As Double iVn4eLK^v  
Dim eID As Long *
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Dim parID As Long XqmB%g(  
Dim count As Integer C7ivAh  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double {IJ;)<>&VE  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double E+O{^C=  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 'c7nh{F  
Dim ok As Long 8l5>t  
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Sub Main z qq  
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    '用户输入对话框 F)hj\aHm k  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 q k^FyZ<  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ^qR|lA@=\  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 4-.K<-T%D  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 CVa>5vt  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ~r.R|f]IQ  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 &|Duc} t  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Jx.fDVJ  
    End Dialog !{.CGpS ]  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Dm)B? H"  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ^<OYW|q?\r  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed x8rg/y  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ;bB#Pg  
        End 9O3#d  
    End If Wn=sF,c  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty #-;W|ib%z  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then FYYc+6n  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 1 jidBzu<  
    Else "sN%S's  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) H:c5 q0O^x  
    End If N@c GjpQ  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ;98&5X\u<  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter TF/NA\0c$  
    Else O%T?+1E  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) (I}owr5:  
    End If $z%(He  
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    Print " " T/'z,,Y  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" vdq=F|&  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm"  8${n}}  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation YbP @  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ,'|J  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens s?EQ  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens :VT%d{Vp_  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens n=<c_a)Nb  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ?wB_fDb}  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness .|O T#"LP  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction I
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ?y-^Fq|h  
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    '************************************************************************* _c>ww<*3  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) F\DiT|?}  
    '************************************************************************* :01d9|#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) {nKw<F2  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity zIrOMh  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) OeqKKVuQ  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z T>B'T3or  
    count = 0 =VD],R)  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lJdBUoO  
        GetOperation eID, count, op bh.&vp.kP  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then bSsg`  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6MVu"0#  
            count=count-1 9)oi_U.  
        End If zQyI4RHG[  
        count=count+1 oy8jc];SO  
    Wend v?VDASR2`  
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    'Set new shift in r'*$'QY-N  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /i,n75/y?  
    op.val1 = taq SI!A?34  
    op.parent = parID gQPw+0w  
    AddOperation eID, op `D77CC]vU  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 sE[`x^1'8  
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    '************************************************************************* h+W$\T)  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 2f[;U"  
    '************************************************************************* I}_}VSG(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) A08kwYxiW  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Y%?S:&GH  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant lOt7ij(,L  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant w0~%,S  
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    '************************************************************************* INA3^p'w  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens v[Q)L!J1  
    '*************************************************************************  T01Iu  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) -P}A26qB  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 1Vu#:6%  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost /JS_gr@DK  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost C-y MWr  
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    '************************************************************************* Xfk DMh  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ;eYG\uKC{  
    '************************************************************************* R;!,(l  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) F@?-^ E@  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) I!L J&>  
    count = 0 |,$&jSe  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count R,BJr y  
        GetOperation eID, count, op (,h2qP-;ud  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then r-y;"h'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count T]%-Ri  
            count=count-1 ]Kt@F0U<o  
        End If MKfK9>a  
        count=count+1 %&6QUv^  
    Wend GTR*3,rw  
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    'Set new z-shift !'N@ZZ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" "K(cDVQ  
    op.val1 = tlens _RaE:)  
    op.parent = parID Lng. X8D  
    AddOperation eID, op _{jC?rzb  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens }.A]=Ew  
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    '************************************************************************* C][$0  
    'Lens index of refraction !i torSl  
    '************************************************************************* K) }1;  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) F-s{#V1=  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat dy_Uh)$$|g  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Z{B  e  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ?"Ez  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens E4% -*n  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Pupil diameter M[`[+5v  
    '************************************************************************* 4G,FJjE`p  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) %j\&}>P4$  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) f- XUto  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Odo)h  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens N)"8CvQL  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;y,g%uqE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) bJIYe ld  
    count = 0 44u)F@)  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +KbkdYZ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op (?Mn_FNE|  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %4LoEm=U  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Ss%Cf6qdWL  
            count=count-1 V| V9.  
        End If lMFo)4&P  
        count=count+1 xeFx!$3  
    Wend f5*qlQJFz\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" l6bY!I>  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 A M[f  
    op.parent = parID sMMOZ'
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    AddOperation eID, op kf'(u..G  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam "<=4]Z  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description SEM?vQ 0"}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) JPZp*5c6A  
    GetEntity eID, entity X:UlL"G  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Tv"T+!Z  
    SetEntity eID, entity
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    Update 5@xR`g-  
    Print "DONE!" ]jD\4\M}  
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End Sub b\0>uU  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： D \i]gfu8W  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters le 
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Kzn1ct{65!  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 "Vq= Ph
 
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 =Q<VU/  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 LVg#E*J  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 k( Sda>-  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 %"v:x?d$$o  
Set pupil diameter = 4 lC#wh2B6  
DONE! EK4%4<"  
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