[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 kv&%$cA  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 j*f%<`2`j  
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模型 jUtrFl  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 E9pKR+P  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.  A]R7H1  

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光源 pq_DYG]  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ms'&.u&<  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 #<f}.P.Uc  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6GX'&z  
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视网膜的散射
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 IrQ8t!  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 :|`'\%zW-  
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脚本 lz\{ X  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： X@Eq5s  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 *E:w377<}  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 _Ptf^+  
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分析 ju0]
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 L`FsK64@  
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脚本代码 gXI_S9z  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. /eDah3%d  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY OdgfvHDgW  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Uo(\1&?  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Rg)\o(J  
Dim A As Double g*t.g@B<2  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Dn$zwksSs  
Dim eID As Long %8`zaa  
Dim parID As Long ^q"p8   
Dim count As Integer $>'}6?C.  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 9;dP7o  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double C fQj7{  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double %s$_KG!&  
Dim ok As Long Xn.zN>m
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Sub Main nhk +9  
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    '用户输入对话框 RUf,)]Vvk  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ./kmI#gaV  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ]=9%fA  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 @^Mn PM  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 d|on y
 
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 IOF~V)8k=  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 vtR<(tOu@  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ig; ~ T  
    End Dialog R.A}tV=j#  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 9L%&4V}BIS  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) \ :})R{  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed %P_\7YBC>  
        Print "Execution cancelled." =%Ut&6}sQ  
        End M(Jf&h4b  
    End If PZLWyp  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ""Drf=]  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then }y|%wym  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation XT>e/x9'  
    Else cWFvYF  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) $0LlaN@e  
    End If A40 -])'!  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then  t8GJ;  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter `<HY$PAe  
    Else Btpx[T  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ,
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    End If Km+29  
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    Print " " =AgY8cF!sl  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 1}[\@n+b  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" @GnsW;$*~.  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation wk9tJ#}  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ?N11R?8  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens `9K'I-hv<8  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ::TUSz2/2  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Tj:+:B(HB  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens J\;~(: ~  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness "a,Tc2xk  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction uT-WQ/id  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation JH)&Ca>S  
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    '************************************************************************* Jr''S}@|x  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 6_XX[.%  
    '************************************************************************* zLxWyPM0;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) W_sDF; JP  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity e6F:['j  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8L=QfKr  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z =<e
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    count = 0 ' >\*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 'rR\H2b   
        GetOperation eID, count, op l^Lg"m2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *JpEBtTv=5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Fa/i./V2  
            count=count-1 P@5^`b|  
        End If ;<&s_C3  
        count=count+1 v>nJy~O]  
    Wend zP9 HYS  
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    'Set new shift in E'r* g{,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" O'wN4qb=F  
    op.val1 = taq e<C5}#wt  
    op.parent = parID iww h,(  
    AddOperation eID, op +Nza@B d  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Z].>U!7W  
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    '************************************************************************* CZa9hsM  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens huq6rA/i  
    '************************************************************************* Yd<~]aXM   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) eq@ v2o7  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic @+{S-iD"  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant d&ZwVF!  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant H@ w6.[#  
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    '************************************************************************* 7H[+iS0  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens qq?>ulu*W  
    '************************************************************************* 9 /zz@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) !^LvNW\|  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic w"BTu-I  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Vm.u3KE  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost W4#:_R,&,  
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    '************************************************************************* JPpYT~4  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) q2f/#"k  
    '************************************************************************* z)]EB6uRg  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) VAthQ<  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Dr2h-  
    count = 0 sEj:%`l|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count uo65i 1oi  
        GetOperation eID, count, op I;|Ai
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ( ou:"Y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count &6:,2W&s  
            count=count-1 JZv]tJWq  
        End If 2h:f6=)r/u  
        count=count+1 >3kR~:;  
    Wend 2+P3Sii  
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    'Set new z-shift P0Jd6"sS"  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~
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    op.val1 = tlens ef.lM]cO  
    op.parent = parID QP;b\11m  
    AddOperation eID, op 0F3>kp4u  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens \=_8G:1  
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    '************************************************************************* 3Mcz9exY  
    'Lens index of refraction "p;DQ-V  
    '************************************************************************* *c%@f<R~  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) n=SZ8R
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Y5NbY02E  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Ly<;x^D  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat }?~uAU-  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens X or ,}. w  
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    '************************************************************************* o"FX+17  
    'Pupil diameter c@^:tB  
    '************************************************************************* p%ZiTrA1&D  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 'H'+6 
 
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) :^s7#4%6  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" |)4$\<d  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ]dK]a:S  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]p*) PpIl  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) h.9Lh ;j  
    count = 0 '=~y'nPG7  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count pzax~Vp  
        GetOperation eID, count, op )e2IT*7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then PJYA5"}W  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 9HE(*S  
            count=count-1 }H#t( 9,U  
        End If sKuTG93sr@  
        count=count+1 }>w  
    Wend xI4I1"/  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 9aU:[]w   
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 0;h1LI)  
    op.parent = parID tN{t-xUgk  
    AddOperation eID, op ^0|NmMJ]  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam u0Erz0*G4  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Crhi+D  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) h3lDDyu  
    GetEntity eID, entity V0 F30rK  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" tvOAN|+F  
    SetEntity eID, entity .lBY"W&{  
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    Update `zp2;]W  
    Print "DONE!" hu|hOr8  
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End Sub ow_y  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 0Mu8ZVI{  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ?a>7=)%AH  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm v7(|K  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 7F(F.ut  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 yJ8}*Gj&  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 vNt>ESPB  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 EOX_[ek7  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 1 j12Qn@]  
Set pupil diameter = 4 &U~r}=  
DONE! uT}TSwgp  
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