[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 v[uVAbfQ  
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模型 5lHt~hB\  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 xSN;vrLHR  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Ag0w8F  
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光源 2H$](k?   
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 $=\=80u/  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 no-";{c  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 83vZR
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视网膜的散射 YvG$2F|_)  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ~N9k8eT  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 P51cEhf  
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脚本 :1f,%Z$,q  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ^~l@ _r  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 _gK}Gi?|  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 [4qvQ7Y !  
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分析 OF1^_s;  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 pR0!bgC  
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脚本代码 kygj" @EX  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. .DwiIr'  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ;LC|1_ '  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ![{/V,V]~  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL )ty>{t  
Dim A As Double 0?FJ~pu  
Dim pupilDiam As Double jm&[8ApW  
Dim eID As Long 76[qFz  
Dim parID As Long ok,O/|E}?  
Dim count As Integer `TF3Ho\MC  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double nY;Sk#9  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ~,F]~|U7l  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double y<IHZq`
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Dim ok As Long <au_S\n  
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Sub Main %eHr^j~w$  
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    '用户输入对话框 p{qA%D  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 v^/<2/E"?4  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 K
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 - ]We|{  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 M4?>x[Pw  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 WB (?6"  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ZrP 8/>  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 a]V#mF |{  
    End Dialog o^uh3,.  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog GdScYAC   
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) c-7Zk!LfD  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed k=Wt57jt  
        Print "Execution cancelled." g~|x^d^;|  
        End Kzt:rhiB  
    End If 8PeVHpZ  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty # NK{]H$fd  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <#Fex'4  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation t
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    Else +N~{6*@uz,  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1)  .;vd  
    End If i)'u!V  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then X2~KNw  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter i7\>uni  
    Else +K=RMqM-8  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 3!?QQT,!)  
    End If >9g^-~X;v  
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    Print " " E}36  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ;%>X+/.y0  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 0icB2Jm:D}  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation FNl^ lj`Y  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness "tK3h3/Xv  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ~Ty6
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Jju?v2y`  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens zb9vUxN [  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens G
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness !VfVpi+-  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction BIvz55g  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation x||b:2  
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    '************************************************************************* ,.gI'YPQC  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) fG7-0
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    '************************************************************************* "bjbJC&T  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )4+uM'2%  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity r^\Wo7q  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?N%5c%oF  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z :~,akX$  
    count = 0 61TL]S8  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count y2C/DyuAY|  
        GetOperation eID, count, op RQn3y-N]  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4MgG]  
            DeleteOperation eID,count
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            count=count-1 #|e5i9l*B  
        End If 69C ss'  
        count=count+1 -g vS3`lX  
    Wend Od]wh  
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    'Set new shift in yD ur9Qd6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" t2%gS" [  
    op.val1 = taq kZ 9n@($B  
    op.parent = parID k1WyV_3  
    AddOperation eID, op
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 A'? W5~F  
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    '************************************************************************* VzFzVeJ  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 0h2M
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    '************************************************************************* E!>l@ ki  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) x\(yjNZH  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic &sPu3.p  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant =0mGfTc  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant $Jj0%?;  
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    '************************************************************************* !]WC~#|{B  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens CQ%yki  
    '************************************************************************* $U5$*R@jo[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) QnDLSMx)  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic <Xj ,>2m;  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost X7"hTD  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9
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    '************************************************************************* b(gcnSzM2  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) u&Dd9k
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    '************************************************************************* F30jr6F\  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -wV0Nv(V8  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Y~bGgd]T  
    count = 0 I*)eP||  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Z})n%l8J]p  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 4&LoE~  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lf9_!`DGV  
            DeleteOperation eID,count GB_m&t  
            count=count-1 } "ts  
        End If oWc +i U(  
        count=count+1 #3u471bp  
    Wend p
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    'Set new z-shift C(*)7| m  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" IyA8+N y  
    op.val1 = tlens 4)nQBFX  
    op.parent = parID 8M'6Kcr  
    AddOperation eID, op &gR)bNIC_=  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens w]0jq U6  
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    '************************************************************************* Q
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    'Lens index of refraction +#<"o#gZ  
    '************************************************************************* {*CLWs4  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) a?!Joi[  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat s2ys>2k  
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    mat.Nd = nlens [}_ar  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat |KC
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens G1'w50Yu  
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    '************************************************************************* 5+O#5"v_  
    'Pupil diameter _?2xIo  
    '************************************************************************* :+,qvu!M7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ),6Z1 K1  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) vu.f B4  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" /(nA)V( :  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 9aC>gye!  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t>v']a +k  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 3-8Vw$u  
    count = 0 BWX&5""  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4p~:(U[q  
        GetOperation eID, count, op e"|9%AW@<  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5y"yd6O]O5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Ahq^dx#o  
            count=count-1 X6<HNLgra  
        End If }Gz"
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        count=count+1 ^HL#)fK2I  
    Wend T "G!H  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" *qBMt[a  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 knBT(x'+  
    op.parent = parID a}c(#ZLs  
    AddOperation eID, op T+4Musu{V  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam  D#m+w  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ,?#-1uIGL>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 28BiuxVW  
    GetEntity eID, entity |#2
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Qw5M\   
    SetEntity eID, entity SqTm/ t  
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    Update +ic~Sar  
    Print "DONE!" G:e}>'  
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End Sub 6
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： |k+&weuY  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ;LrKXp  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm nQ(#'9  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 dF.T6b  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 (x$k\H  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 *BO4"3Z  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 WAdl@){  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 &1':s|c  
Set pupil diameter = 4 [7s5Vt|  
DONE! P|(J]/  
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