[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 H1]An'qz,  
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模型 n5Ad@Bg  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 zFy0SzF  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. J1waiOh  
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光源 Y<'T;@  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 !2)$lM1@J  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 9o|=n'o  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ggr\n
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视网膜的散射 TA=VfA B  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 K:!|
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。  iw!kV  
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脚本 7!0~sf9A  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Ccmo(W+0  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 mM| 313  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 :J|t! `  
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分析 D -Goi-4  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 j]uL9\>  
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脚本代码 `:hEc<_/  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. NwH`t#zd  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY XG]ltSOy  
Dim op As T_OPERATION  xZJ r
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 0/7y&-/(  
Dim A As Double P`JO6O:&  
Dim pupilDiam As Double mJBvhK9%  
Dim eID As Long 1bW[RK;GE  
Dim parID As Long g3r4>SA  
Dim count As Integer e;1n!_l\  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double %d..L-`]ET  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 9>y6zFTV  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double NdpcfZq  
Dim ok As Long 5^"T`,${  
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Sub Main jSLNQ  
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    '用户输入对话框 ~&>|u5C*@  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 f9A^0A?
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ,2H@xji [  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 yH\z+A|  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 OGgP
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 QLx]%
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 h,:8TMJRRN  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 de.!~%D  
    End Dialog [nQ<pTg~r  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog DOi\D
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ?nWK s  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed <I}O_:%  
        Print "Execution cancelled." !!NVx\a  
        End f0S&_gt  
    End If EeW%5/;  

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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty yQkj4v{  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 2
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation &"^,Ubfcn"  
    Else =c{/ Z  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) }R.<\  
    End If 7O3\  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then "xS?#^a  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /\=syl  
    Else Zj )Bd*a  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) _7?LINF9  
    End If /b*VFA/75  
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    Print " " 9v_B$F$_T  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" iV8j(HV  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" tx=~bm"*?  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ,z6&k  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness &%QtUPvr9  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 7r=BGoA2E  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 92}UP=RW!  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens f_}FYeg  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens &lg+uK  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness FsrGI (x?  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction h(aF>a\Z  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation X(m&  
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    '************************************************************************* 5Qb%g)jZ  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 4zyy  
    '************************************************************************* H]a;<V9[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) I4%&/~!  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ejYJOTT{^  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;IX3w:Aw  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z >mzK96  
    count = 0 Z_&6<1,H  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %a-:f)@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op #`P4s>IL1  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Snx_NH#tA  
            DeleteOperation eID,count =k]Rz
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            count=count-1 /JPyADi  
        End If `.PZx%=  
        count=count+1 *Q bPz4,"  
    Wend Z2d,J>-  
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    'Set new shift in OA#AiQUR  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3RpDIl`0  
    op.val1 = taq fDo )~t*~  
    op.parent = parID |ToCRM  
    AddOperation eID, op DJSSc  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 SJhcmx+  
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    '************************************************************************* [G{{f  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens _iBNy   
    '************************************************************************* j>s>i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) !( xeDX  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >U@7xeK  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant n m4+$GW  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant cPe0o'`[  
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    '************************************************************************* eaQ)r?M  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens <\]o#w*:  
    '************************************************************************* e=KA|"vxh  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" )  ajF-T=5  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic xk=5q|u_-  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 9W$FX  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9j458Yd4*  
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    '************************************************************************* X-Y:)UT  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) FJl#NOp&  
    '************************************************************************* R.Xh&@f`  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) fw@n[u{~  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) wowv>!N!X-  
    count = 0 G"&9u2k  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count YUdCrb9F  
        GetOperation eID, count, op d0YN:lJc  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then f]H[uzsV  
            DeleteOperation eID,count *"#62U6  
            count=count-1 E/@w6uIK[  
        End If 1t{h)fwi  
        count=count+1 9u";%5 4  
    Wend >h>X/a(=~  
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    'Set new z-shift !P7&{I,e  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" f Co-ony  
    op.val1 = tlens cA
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    op.parent = parID Y3G$(+i8  
    AddOperation eID, op w[@>k@=  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens :JW!$?s8H  
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    '************************************************************************* P]A>"-k  
    'Lens index of refraction Vrl)[st!;I  
    '************************************************************************* i8A{DMc,U  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) nsWenf  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat t_1a.Jv  
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    mat.Nd = nlens iLf:an*vH  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat NBzyP)2)  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 1SoKnfz{6  
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    '************************************************************************* /Y:1zLs%  
    'Pupil diameter =qH9<,p`H  
    '************************************************************************* )2T1g~8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) &kh7|:{j  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) BH _y0[y  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" |r*btyOJk  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens @cNBY7=  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :Z|lGH =  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 7Yp;B:5@  
    count = 0 't".~H_V  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9 ![oJ3  
        GetOperation eID, count, op w5,p9f}.  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gIv :<EJ9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Gxk=]5<7  
            count=count-1 F4+mkB:w*7  
        End If O8#}2  
        count=count+1 Bs2.$~   
    Wend _%#Q \D  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1.WdxMpW9  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 vaQZ1a,  
    op.parent = parID H'68K8i0  
    AddOperation eID, op Oq~>P!=  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam |0nbO2}  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description bZ c&uq_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) X51pRP $R  
    GetEntity eID, entity (5[|h  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ])paU8u  
    SetEntity eID, entity Hm2}xnY  
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    Update !Irmc*;QE  
    Print "DONE!" g0t$1cUR  
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End Sub pjr,X+6o  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： pnin;;D*  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters et]-;(M  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm hl}@ha4'  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 >Ya+#j~CZ  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 0KqGJ:Ru  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 9u<4Q_I`  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 &$uQ$]&H  
Set pupil diameter = 4 VQE8hQ37  
DONE! a.)Gd]}g  
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