[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 [LSs|f  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Ev&aD  
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模型 `>`{DEDx{5  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 'WwD$e0=  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.  "-G&]YMl  
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光源 r7v1q  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 QB7^8O!<  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 kk aS&r>  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 `~LaiN.  
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视网膜的散射 BR0P :h  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ~Yl%{1  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 *l'5z)]  
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脚本 |z.Ov&d4)(  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： !,;/JxfgVh  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ]q@W(
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 !*=+E%7  
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分析 YnX6U1/^  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 *7!*kqg!u  
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脚本代码 I$1~;!
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. WJw %[_W  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY AO^c=^  
Dim op As T_OPERATION "z ;ky8  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Tg#%5~IX  
Dim A As Double =VDtZSa!$^  
Dim pupilDiam As Double aZYs?b>Gm  
Dim eID As Long l|~SVk|  
Dim parID As Long |PW.CV0,  
Dim count As Integer di#:KW  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Ih5F\eM  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double <}^l MBa  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double YDo,9  
Dim ok As Long 4Awl  
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Sub Main jRo4+8  
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    '用户输入对话框 &io*pmUm6  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 hS:j$je  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 he1W22  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 '5m`[S-IU  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 FQ6{NMz,h  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 nV+]jQ~o  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 p+d?k"WN?  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ,[0rh%%j  
    End Dialog )K^5+oC17  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog s9}VnNr  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) <MoKTP-<  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 4?9cyv4H  
        Print "Execution cancelled." :p,DAt}  
        End 5qx$=6PT  
    End If 5Rec~&v  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty E0Jk=cq  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 2zN%Z!a#J  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation >J No2  
    Else !^<%RT9@|  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) "<I*ViZ  
    End If h2]gA_T`  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then J`x!c9zg7  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter _f5n t:-  
    Else QnNddCiu=  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) KF4}cM=.5  
    End If WF0[/Y  
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    Print " " pJ 7="
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" -{'WIGm  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" j9Y'HU5"  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation b];? tP  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness T1Y_Jf*KJ  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens H]/!J]  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens P1f@?R&t+  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens A#
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens XKq}^M&gy  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness I>
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction #XJ`/\E]  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation nY[]k p@  
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    '************************************************************************* p:n.:GZ=y  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) iCrLZ"$M  
    '************************************************************************* %+,7=Wt-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Y +9OP  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity dW8M^A&  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rFPfTpS  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z hRvjiK\  
    count = 0 Yuo  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ADQ#qA,/  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Y$SwQ;wl  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :UgCP ~Y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count &:"[hU  
            count=count-1 O$Z<R:vVA  
        End If T8ftBIOi  
        count=count+1 ]7ZY|fP2  
    Wend f\~OG#AaX  
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    'Set new shift in 09psqXU@I  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" sC=fXCGW\p  
    op.val1 = taq &CEZ+\bA  
    op.parent = parID 17nONhh  
    AddOperation eID, op mSu1/?PS  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 lrXi*u]  
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    '************************************************************************* k5%:L2FO  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens *75?%l  
    '************************************************************************* qd7 86~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 3:;2Av2(X.  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >sL"HyY#H  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant DfNX@gbo  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant .jfkOt?2  
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    '************************************************************************* vQ/&iAyut  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens -8]M ,,?  
    '************************************************************************* `f9I#B  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @+3@Z?!SZ  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic LS=HX~5C  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost IC6}s  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost `2M`;$~ 5  
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    '************************************************************************* _k,/t
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 3 oG5E"G  
    '************************************************************************* l$_Yl&!q$  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) g`}+K U  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ;&N;6V"}  
    count = 0 MU; L7^  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `zjEs8`'  
        GetOperation eID, count, op R0n#FL^E  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then BihXYux*  
            DeleteOperation eID,count HW)4#nLhh  
            count=count-1 %b H1We  
        End If [a&|c%h  
        count=count+1 4EO,9#0  
    Wend 86s.qPB0  
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    'Set new z-shift ]&')#YO  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" eN/o}<(e  
    op.val1 = tlens ~ cKmf]  
    op.parent = parID 1?6;Oc^  
    AddOperation eID, op d8|bO#a%9  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens z4snH%q  
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    '************************************************************************* , 8NY<sFh  
    'Lens index of refraction
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    '************************************************************************* Bn
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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) yX}riXe
  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1Qi5t?{  
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    mat.Nd = nlens |G+6R-_  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat e%(,)WlTaU  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens M>pcG.6V  
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    '************************************************************************* 3
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    'Pupil diameter Fu*~{n  
    '************************************************************************* Ix;9D'^}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 6n{`t/  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) #|\NG  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" kvzGI>H:  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens i)Hjmf3  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) m"{D}(TA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) JsfX&dX0  
    count = 0 8._ A[{.f  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count GZ.Fq  
        GetOperation eID, count, op kxJ! #%w  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9'tElpDJ6#  
            DeleteOperation eID,count v-;j44sB  
            count=count-1 pXfg{2  
        End If .^<4]  
        count=count+1 k^ CFu  
    Wend W0]W[b,:u$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" b<|l*\  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 SjT8eH #  
    op.parent = parID &{):
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    AddOperation eID, op -lKk.Y.}r  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam !TJCQ[Aa}  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description T)"B35  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~bSPtH ]6d  
    GetEntity eID, entity #K8kz  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" IXp(Aeb  
    SetEntity eID, entity 1m*fkM#  
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    Update n%o"n?e  
    Print "DONE!" $ e<&7  
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End Sub ;aJBx  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： g$c\(isY;  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters |Co
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm <IWO:7*#  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 >z'kCv
  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 iXp*G52  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 P8lx\DA  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 VKcO]_W1  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 &,pL3Qos  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Sm6hyZFy  
DONE! K !&{k94  
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