[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ]*Tnu98G}  
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模型 0k7kmDW  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 PM A61g  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. >dTJ  
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光源 nYv`{0S+m  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 yN Bb(!u  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 F|seBBu  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ; {P"~(S%  
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视网膜的散射 c_33.i"I}  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 G\S>H  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Fk 5;  
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脚本 M_4:~&N$  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： U;_b4S:  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 .kGlUb?^Q  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 P0En&g+~  
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分析 ^rKA=siz  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。
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脚本代码 -%U 15W;  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. O@ GEl  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 4RH'G
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Dim op As T_OPERATION WG{mg/\2(C  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL q]\bJV^/U  
Dim A As Double G*;}6 bj|?  
Dim pupilDiam As Double f|*vWHSM  
Dim eID As Long 6PS #Zydb  
Dim parID As Long tp3>aNj  
Dim count As Integer NjCdkT&g  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double >t/P^fr_F  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double C^hHt,&  
Dim ok As Long fC
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Sub Main _d
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    '用户输入对话框 hm%'k~  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 r~sx]=/  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 R?Dbv'lp>  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 93Yo}6>  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 FA.h?yfr  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 M1MpR+7S  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 H(^O{JC]y!  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 _u`NIpXSP  
    End Dialog e
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog 1`tE Hu.  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ZD9UE3-  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -}lcMZY  
        Print "Execution cancelled." T4dYC'z  
        End l_lm)'ag  
    End If ?I`BbT}  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty uA?_\z?  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then fb5]eec  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation yJ
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    Else OXC7 m  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) <ByR!Y  
    End If =?`5n|A*  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then p_$03q>oQ  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter PMJe6*(x/  
    Else 8@)/a  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w#Y<~W&  
    End If OCzWP,  
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    Print " " rsP3?.E  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" q|,I\H5}  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" v/]Bo[a  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation \A\a=A[  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness U9;C#9E  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ui4H(A'}  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 0@rrY  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 5Qp5JMK  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens `zHtfox!  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Z8$@}|jN  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Bv$;yR  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation --0z"`@{  
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    '************************************************************************* }-m/ 'Q  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) da3]#%i0  
    '************************************************************************* Y%$57,Bu n  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) vJ$#m_aa  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity OGNjn9av  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) YJ]]6 K+  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 8#
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    count = 0 tFvti5  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %@L(A1"#D  
        GetOperation eID, count, op xtKWh`[&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then SX|b0S,  
            DeleteOperation eID,count MpM-xz~  
            count=count-1  o@_pV  
        End If +nRO<  
        count=count+1 HoGrvt<:.P  
    Wend /Cr0jWu _  
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    'Set new shift in m~
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :|oH11y  
    op.val1 = taq i\G@kJNnF  
    op.parent = parID 7|3Z+#|T  
    AddOperation eID, op \;p5Pagx0-  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 z6bTcs"7h  
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    '************************************************************************* \1f$]oS  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens gh
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    '************************************************************************* IuTZ2~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) pL>Q'{7s3  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic xfqgK D>  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant <FmrYwt  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant [V()7  
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    '************************************************************************* }4L
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens nJ.pPzH2g  
    '************************************************************************* UDV,co  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) {) 4
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 13s!gwE)  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 3> -/sii  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost qHg\n)R"x!  
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    '************************************************************************* * 4GJ<  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) `DO`c>>K  
    '************************************************************************* E=GCq=Uw  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -DhF> 4f  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Yt!UIl\<  
    count = 0 dx}()i\@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count / O6n[qj|  
        GetOperation eID, count, op +wwpaR`  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then <6U{I '  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ^10*s,(uS?  
            count=count-1 tTe\#
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        End If %Vrl"4^}t  
        count=count+1 i 4lR$]@  
    Wend il\#R%';5  
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    'Set new z-shift ,*a8]L  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" O[3J Px  
    op.val1 = tlens $ w:QJ~,s  
    op.parent = parID 3>yb$ZU"-  
    AddOperation eID, op O*r
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens TZi%,yK  
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    '************************************************************************* J %jfuj  
    'Lens index of refraction d"uR1rTk  
    '************************************************************************* lyfLkBF  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) V' "p a  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat KQaw*T[Q3w  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 8b!&TP~m1  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 1$?O5.X:  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Erl
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    '************************************************************************* 1Jc-hrN-  
    'Pupil diameter U:c!9uhp  
    '************************************************************************* nBjfR2TuF  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) *bDuRr?v9  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) .Gh-T{\V'  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" GfD!Z3
 
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ~0>g 4 D.  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &!2 4l=!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ;B o2$  
    count = 0 Hwklk9U
 
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Q?L-6]pg  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Ui@Q&%b  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;VeC(^-eh6  
            DeleteOperation eID,count |L.QIr,jCC  
            count=count-1 *I(>[m!  
        End If @sav8]  
        count=count+1 {jcrTjmxe  
    Wend UMpC2)5  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~A}"s-Kq5  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 %L:e~*  
    op.parent = parID |0ACapp!  
    AddOperation eID, op #n]js7  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam M['8zN  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description =<y$5"|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) qS*qHT(u19  
    GetEntity eID, entity 8GN0487H  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" *eH[~4  
    SetEntity eID, entity 8TD:~ee  
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    Update =PP]L
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    Print "DONE!" ]$KyZHj{  
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End Sub CA7tI >y_  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： $fPf/yQmC  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters J)oa:Q  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm {UQpD   
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 iS&fp[Th  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 *JZU 0Xb  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 AH;0=<n  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 2BS2$#c>  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Vx;f/CH3!  
Set pupil diameter = 4 z|=l^u6uS  
DONE! r4@!QR<h  
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