[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 T1lXYhAWS  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 - waX#UT=  
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模型 SW3wMPy&s  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 nURvy}<r  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. +7Sf8tg\  
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光源 lN);~|IOv7  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 '/Cg*o/  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 NV:>a  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6e,Apj 0  
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视网膜的散射 %'$f ?y  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 o(:{InpV%A  

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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 y^9bfMA  
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脚本 a/#+92C  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： N"S3N)wgd  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 : -E,  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 c2/"KT  
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分析 (m6EQoW^s+  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 >xZ5ac I  
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脚本代码 |ribWCv0  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used.
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY tbg*_ZQO u  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ^s=*J=k  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 2_wvC  
Dim A As Double w:v=se"U  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ]{<saAmJC  
Dim eID As Long ?5`{7daot  
Dim parID As Long Zgy7!AF!  
Dim count As Integer aFyh,  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double >d#3|;RY  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Sg_O?.r  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double [O(m/  
Dim ok As Long u >4ArtF  
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Sub Main "$r1$mBi  
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    '用户输入对话框 r|<6Aae&  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 \Y+")  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 P:qz2Hw  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 c+~LpSQ  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 cu)U7  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 bf1)M>g,O  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 N\'TR6_,b  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 rmsQt  
    End Dialog g &*mozs  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog (#If1[L  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) i*'Z3Z)  

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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed a_MFQf&KV  
        Print "Execution cancelled." VtWT{y5Ec  
        End `UQEXoB)  
    End If WtVf wC_  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Cs#w72N  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Q,~x#  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation yyjw?#\8  
    Else iy}xICt  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) '$?du~L-  
    End If ~;8I5Sge  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Y.NE^Vn0  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter dZD
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    Else T<6G
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) x9&p!&*&IT  
    End If }vY.EEy!  
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    Print " " M$H`^P
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" #|?8~c;RWG  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" l sr?b  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation x6v,lR  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness oqYt/4^Q  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens !D;c,{Oz  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens NH4?q!'G  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens %J!NL0x_  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens [,b)YjO~Xd  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness #)]E8=}  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction c0ZaFJ  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation r^5jh1  
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    '************************************************************************* 'yr{^Pek  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) =) }nLS3t  
    '************************************************************************* $@.jZ_G  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) pV=@sz,G  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity `*k@4.J{  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !^?qU;|  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z " #v%36U  
    count = 0 x*q35K^PE  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,H{={aln  
        GetOperation eID, count, op J^:n* C  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9.s,:?5e  
            DeleteOperation eID,count dB7ZT0L\  
            count=count-1 Ww`&i  
        End If KUKI qAA  
        count=count+1 R6P\T\~E  
    Wend 2Wl{Br
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    'Set new shift in 30d#Lq  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" }#/lN  
    op.val1 = taq JDlBVZ!  
    op.parent = parID {SdO9Yy?@7  
    AddOperation eID, op hB>^'6h+  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 1tGgDbJU  
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    '************************************************************************* X=
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Nfaf;;J}  
    '************************************************************************* LGVlc@0'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) fRNP#pi0u  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic I
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant =/}X$,@2  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant HeozJ^u\?  
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    '************************************************************************* @GeHWv  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens <5IQc[3]aP  
    '************************************************************************* Uk'U?9O  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) a+ GJVJ  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic {y-`QS  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost xS+rHC  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost D^?_"wjW  
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    '************************************************************************* UA(;fZ@  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) lT,+bU  
    '************************************************************************* [W;[v<E;  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) N!c g
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) M-Sv1ZLh  
    count = 0 9XOyj5  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Dbz]{_Y;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 7'eh)[T  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _yVPpA[a  
            DeleteOperation eID,count i0ybJOa4  
            count=count-1 c<jB6|.=2  
        End If ^73=7PZ  
        count=count+1 O-!,Jm   
    Wend E474l  
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    'Set new z-shift =bL{i&&  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2C1+_IL   
    op.val1 = tlens 8&.-]{Z  
    op.parent = parID M[s\E4l:t  
    AddOperation eID, op o;QZe&  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens tlGWl0V?7Q  
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    '************************************************************************* y x;h  
    'Lens index of refraction a
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    '************************************************************************* Tl3"PIb  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) VGZ6  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat aYVDp{_  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ]>8)|]O6n  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat )4uq iA6  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 9L"?wv  
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    '************************************************************************* !<r8~A3!(  
    'Pupil diameter ^'
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    '************************************************************************* oEIqA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) r/Dd&x  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) e/94y6*
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 40.AM1Z0f  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens WG%2<Q^  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) HNMBXXf,B  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ) ,Npv3(  
    count = 0 6x4_b  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count kzi|$Gs<  
        GetOperation eID, count, op e1^l.>2d6  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then os**hFPk;1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count B_&^ER5j  
            count=count-1 ZNL5({lv  
        End If } 07r  
        count=count+1 Ja [#[BJ?  
    Wend Q|//Z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @p]UvqtB@  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 KN, 4@4  
    op.parent = parID OjATSmZ@@  
    AddOperation eID, op @C_ =*  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Q>%E
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description wY`#$)O0*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) O
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    GetEntity eID, entity 0WXVc  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" FG#nap{  
    SetEntity eID, entity ^A#x<J+  
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    Update `^e*T'UPl  
    Print "DONE!" y5%5O xB  
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End Sub 9b%j.Q-W  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： A]xCF{*)&  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters DKHM\yt  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm iAHZ0Du  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 e^WqJ7j  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ArX]L$D  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 H &fTh  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 L!vWRwZwC  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 |D+p$
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Set pupil diameter = 4 M:(&n@e  
DONE! CjV7q y  
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