[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 V&|!RxWK  
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模型 k3t78Qg  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 wM_ 6{  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. :Yj)CGl$  
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光源 '/I:^9  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 olW|$?  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 $j5,%\4<  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 (LtkA|:  
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视网膜的散射 s:AkkkF  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Sc]P<F7N]  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 XTDE53Js&  
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脚本 dP>w/$C}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： QI_59f>  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 M3z
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 PVao  
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分析 8#` 6M5  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 2>\\@1  
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脚本代码 (}:C+p 'I  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. &D#+6M&LK{  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY x"(9II*  
Dim op As T_OPERATION K<v:-TjQZ:  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL e(1k0W4B  
Dim A As Double ?
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Dim pupilDiam As Double mo1 puU  
Dim eID As Long XtBMp=7Oa  
Dim parID As Long iS@\ =CK  
Dim count As Integer e@F|NCQ.9  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Y~n`~(  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double sygH1|f  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double S)%_weLW7  
Dim ok As Long &B!%fd.'  
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Sub Main s>z2  k  
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    '用户输入对话框 )qPSD2h  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 p-GT`D  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 jnoL2JR[=-  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 !;>(ie\  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 # nfI%  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 MY-.t-3  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 "uu)2Xe  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 GoE#Mxhxo  
    End Dialog |Vx~fKS\  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 4Y tk!oS`  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) !v!N>f4S$  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed WfGH|u  
        Print "Execution cancelled." i#,1iVSG  
        End um8AdiK  
    End If h'^FrWaU/  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ~uPk  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Z|^MGyn  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation Goj4`Hc  
    Else i=QqB0  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1)  qtSs)n  
    End If kqB\xlS7k  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then o_yRn16  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter B5Va%?Wg?H  
    Else R}J-nJlb  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) QAvWJydb  
    End If 7b.U!Ju  
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    Print " " WbzA Jx 5  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ?;8M^a/  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" `?SGXXC  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation md6*c./Z  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness LrM}?9'  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 5X;?I/9  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens aBCOGtf  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens H!JWc'(<$  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens #v qz{R~nM  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness $i&\\QNn  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 4? {*(  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation a-
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    '************************************************************************* UQdyv(jXq  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) xL&PJ /'  
    '************************************************************************* ~}%&p& p  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ork|yj/A  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity K|~AA"I;  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #f9qlM32  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z I:/4t^%  
    count = 0 2^bgC~2C1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count F=5kF/}x-z  
        GetOperation eID, count, op aZ/yCS7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8AX3C s_G  
            DeleteOperation eID,count coO.kTO;  
            count=count-1 </hR!Sb]  
        End If ]84YvpfW  
        count=count+1 Gavkil  
    Wend agTK=  
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    'Set new shift in ~6fRS2u  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @YrGyq  
    op.val1 = taq 9>zDJx  
    op.parent = parID |Qq+8IeYG  
    AddOperation eID, op j5A\y^Kv  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Q5T(nEA  
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    '************************************************************************* k^yy$^=<  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens SJF2k[da  
    '************************************************************************* (77Dif0)'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) TQ2i{e
 
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %SFw~%@3&~  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant :!hk~#yvJ9  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant '&{(:,!B  
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    '************************************************************************* ;9Hz{
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens
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    '************************************************************************* *ig5Q(b*N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) X[Y#+z4  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic o+R. u}|  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost >d)|r  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost `oan,wq+  
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    '************************************************************************* gFgcxe6  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ;
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    '************************************************************************* mURX I'JkX  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )/i4YL
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) $t%"Tr  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~V|KT}H  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Y~<rQ  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #NSaY+V  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 8HB?=a2Q<'  
            count=count-1 Y&~5k;>'_  
        End If &<m WA]cAL  
        count=count+1 Pm'.,?"  
    Wend )vxVg*.Ee  
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    'Set new z-shift H74NU_  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6k@[O@)  
    op.val1 = tlens Es_SCWJ  
    op.parent = parID _zAc 5rS  
    AddOperation eID, op zX006{vig  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 3Ro7M=]  
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    '************************************************************************* t"4Rn<-  
    'Lens index of refraction <$Xn:B<H  
    '************************************************************************* us(sZG  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) #IcT @(  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat >0[qi1  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 9$}+-Z  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat >7eu'  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens (2&K(1.Y  
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    '************************************************************************* im_0ur&'  
    'Pupil diameter \["1N-q b  
    '************************************************************************* Fvcq^uZ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) r5<e}t-  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) .l" _K  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Vz+=ZK r5  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens P
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) R;N>#_9HU  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) j.e`ip  
    count = 0 S<)RVm,!e  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count A_8`YN"Xk  
        GetOperation eID, count, op (W{rv6cq  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then INeWi=1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @vDgpb@TM  
            count=count-1 4B%5-VQ  
        End If  $Adp  
        count=count+1 ahz@HX  
    Wend ` Mv5!H5l  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" '3Y0D1`v  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 J/H#d')c  
    op.parent = parID '8((;N|I^  
    AddOperation eID, op 3L\s8O  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam #z1ch,*3;  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 9X*eE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8EVF<@{]  
    GetEntity eID, entity 1f bFNxo8M  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" .LhbhUEfn  
    SetEntity eID, entity Dq_{O  
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    Update -;DE&~p  
    Print "DONE!" Xk7$?8r4&  
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End Sub {?kKpMNNn  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： (J?}eb;>n  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters xN":2qy#T  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Z-;uzx  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 M,v@G$pW  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ;zxlwdfcr'  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 J 6d n~nPK  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 iTtAj~dfZ  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 XiZ Zo  
Set pupil diameter = 4 th>yi)m  
DONE! =.=. \K  
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