[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 .1ddv4Hk  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 r#~K[qb  
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模型 *PB/iVH%6  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 .S vyj  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 3YTIH2z5  
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光源 >rR
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 F_PTMl=Q|J  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 u_'nOle K  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 jyjQzt >\  
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视网膜的散射 (n=Aa;  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 g5TkD~w"  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 :1BM=_WwI  
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脚本 yam}x*O\xn  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： fv5C!> t  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 >e_%M50  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 0:PSt_33F  
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分析 x,-S1[#X;  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 n>T:
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脚本代码 ;&7,73!  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. wEK%T P4  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Xvq^1Y?  
Dim op As T_OPERATION l<n5gfJ  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL \AHY[WKx  
Dim A As Double Za9$Hh/X  
Dim pupilDiam As Double xi.IRAZX  
Dim eID As Long p70,\&@3  
Dim parID As Long ~ ;XYwQ"  
Dim count As Integer l-MxLcz  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double F1\`l{B,\  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double O*ImLR)i+s  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Y@ObwKcG  
Dim ok As Long m
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Sub Main -3\7vpcdN  
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    '用户输入对话框 UIz:=DJ  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 QjqBO+  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 +q l  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Y[h#hZ  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 /'mrDb_ip  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 :TlAL# s&  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 NA=#>f+U%  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 6SV7\,2M  
    End Dialog #>"}q3RO  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog \a?K?v|8  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 76$*1jB  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed q[Vi[b^F  
        Print "Execution cancelled." U>in2u9  
        End y&y/cML?  
    End If \hrrPPD1z  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty qP&byEs"  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then .uBO  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ):^ '/e
 
    Else 3;y_qwA  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) TR~|c|B  
    End If z;[gEA+I  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then {s,^b|I2#U  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter eN2dy-0  
    Else (*MNox?w  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) wLY#dm  
    End If ]GQv4-y  
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    Print " " OI*ZVD)J  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" KS b(R/T  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 1B6C<cL:sU  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ;]{{)dst  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness c6t2Q6zV  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 7AI3|Ts]p  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ``+c`F?5  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens %)8d{1at  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens m dC`W&r  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness y+?=E g  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction kNRyOUy  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation T_uNF8Bh  
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    '************************************************************************* mPckf  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) XIqv{w  
    '************************************************************************* tB GkRd!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Yr5iZ~V$  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity SrdE>fNbs  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T}V7SD.  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z   YfTd  
    count = 0 4xv9a;fP  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count EfFj!)fz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ]#vWKNv:;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \nC5 ,
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            DeleteOperation eID,count ^a086n  
            count=count-1 ;:AG2z
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        End If cC b>zI  
        count=count+1 =>HIF#jU  
    Wend ,D:iQDG^  
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    'Set new shift in 2~#ZO?jE6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" se~ *<5  
    op.val1 = taq 9+]ZH.(YE  
    op.parent = parID :[A?A4l  
    AddOperation eID, op D_O5k|-V  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 7J0 ^
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    '************************************************************************* 1f+*Tmc5]Q  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens !}iLO0  
    '************************************************************************* %T3j8fC{s  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -X`~;=m>U  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;~}-AI-  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant \7|s$ XQ\  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant #rh0r`  
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    '************************************************************************* c80 }1  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens {;]uL`abi?  
    '************************************************************************* j09mI$2y67  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 1joc<EI  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic p5lR-G  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost JA}S{  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost F@>w&A~K  
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    '************************************************************************* Xulh.:N}  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) )v*v  
    '************************************************************************* gg lNpzj  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |usnY  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) /V#MLPA  
    count = 0 0!3!?E <  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count wo,""=l  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Jm{As*W>  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then F!z! :yp  
            DeleteOperation eID,count U92B+up-  
            count=count-1 E'S<L|A/  
        End If k#l'ko/X  
        count=count+1 5*G8W\ $  
    Wend =2ATqb"$w  
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    'Set new z-shift r?Ev.m  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ANA2S*r  
    op.val1 = tlens *X-~TC0 [  
    op.parent = parID /t%"Dh8x  
    AddOperation eID, op kw*Cr/'*  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens #Pe\Z/  
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    '************************************************************************* c]cO[T_gGa  
    'Lens index of refraction M]8eW  
    '************************************************************************* Q%gY.n{=  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) hEdo,gF*  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1CF7  
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    mat.Nd = nlens C%x(`S^/  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat  6Dr$
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens L!G9O]WB  
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    '************************************************************************* l(0&6ENyj  
    'Pupil diameter <.y^  
    '************************************************************************* p ] $  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 9M-NItFos  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 37ri b  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 0qaG#&!  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens g,z&{pZch  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~gzpX,{n  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) nvUkbmZG#  
    count = 0 Is,*qrl :  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +Qb2LR  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 0
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then c'wU O3S  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7W>}7  
            count=count-1 ' /@!"IXz  
        End If G`3vH,  
        count=count+1 =t>`<T|(  
    Wend .J7-
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $F /p8AraK  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 +kdU%Sm  
    op.parent = parID .+yJh  
    AddOperation eID, op FdK R{dX}  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam c,u$tnE)  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Zj /H3,7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) =f{Z~`3  
    GetEntity eID, entity \-`oFe"  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" A.'`FtV  
    SetEntity eID, entity =tvm=  
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    Update @_tA"E  
    Print "DONE!"
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End Sub ph|2lLZ  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ^_#
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters CBgFB-!qpe  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ?;r7j V/`j  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Q*{H]  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ":#A>L? l  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 f@V{}&ZWp  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ^ 8Nr%NJ  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 e715)_HD  
Set pupil diameter = 4 [4(A458H  
DONE! eVbh$cIrZ  
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