[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 B'/U#>/  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 r#-  
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模型 xvGYd,dlK  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 lL}6IZ5sb  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. +V=<vT
 
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光源 hB?#b`i^  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Owp]>e  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Z<U,]iZB  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 r*HSi.'21  
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视网膜的散射 y)r`<B  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 osc8;B/  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 -=-^rQx9  
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脚本 <n_?$ TJ  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： lU 9o"2  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 N\|B06X  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 n3e,vP? R  
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分析 dX\OP>  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 CW;zviH5  
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脚本代码 \]Y<d  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. uNewWtUb(  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY @Z0. }}Y  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Wv>`x?W  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 2NFk#_9e~  
Dim A As Double b$w66q8  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 28JVW3&)  
Dim eID As Long *wAX&+);  
Dim parID As Long +sJ{9#6  
Dim count As Integer tE>FL  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double -raK  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double oD%n}  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double .0nT*LF  
Dim ok As Long fq1w <e  
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Sub Main l[ko)%7V  
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    '用户输入对话框 WLWfe-  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 '"Cqq{*  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 uWGp>;meO  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 yI=nu53BV  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 HF*~bL  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 %B&O+~  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 -/3h&g  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 `B?+1Gv  
    End Dialog H94_ae  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog <S_0=U  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 4Zjd g`  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed p;[.&oJ  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 5i$P$ R  
        End uUl;}W  
    End If ldG8hK  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty b`wT*&  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then FpttH?^  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation n n[idw  
    Else %to.'R  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ;8F6a:\v  
    End If >yyu:dk-;  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then c5CxR#O  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter <qMX,h2  
    Else cL
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) i(u zb<  
    End If Vg(p_k45`  
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    Print " " ,0L< w
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" .>`7d=KT  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" O[ans_8  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation s5b<KQ.  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^[HX#JJ~  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens wMH13i3  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Yv*i69"  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens gi A(VUwI>  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +'e3YF+'  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction =c[mch%
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation lZ+1A0e  
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    '************************************************************************* HV3D$~gF  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) yErvgf  
    '************************************************************************* D@mqfi(x  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) BW)t2kR&  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity (+\K  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -}JRsQ+rgM  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z /3vj`#jD  
    count = 0 j%0g*YI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9e1KH'  
        GetOperation eID, count, op B415{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1n ZE9;o  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6? (8KsaN  
            count=count-1 `^E(P1oJ3  
        End If ]_)=xF19  
        count=count+1 ?@_,_gTQ  
    Wend iQaFR@  
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    'Set new shift in E?f*Z{~,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" A7:W0Gg  
    op.val1 = taq !FnH;  
    op.parent = parID 3412znM&  
    AddOperation eID, op y+[wlo&WC  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 d7QQ5FiB  
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    '************************************************************************* Y6@A@VJ  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 8<ri"m,  
    '************************************************************************* DU4Prjb'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) E~!FEl;  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 8>jd2'v{  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant kjW`k?'s  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ZGOI8M]@  
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    '************************************************************************* Ec]cCLB  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens @{n2R3)k B  
    '************************************************************************* kR-5RaW  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) j&?NE1D>I  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *o[*,1Pw  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ~F]- +|  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ffyKAZ{]po  
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    '************************************************************************* 71w$i 4  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) %lPFq-  
    '************************************************************************* vi>V6IC4v  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) F3a"SKMW  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) f-6E>  
    count = 0 [OsW  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *Mqg_} 0Y  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ODM<$Yo:d  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then DI!l.w5P_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 'u.`!w '|L  
            count=count-1 mvxg|<  
        End If
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        count=count+1 { lLUZM  
    Wend z
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    'Set new z-shift !/$BXUrd  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^fb4g+Au  
    op.val1 = tlens }qXi;u))  
    op.parent = parID PHD$E s  
    AddOperation eID, op
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens cEw/F0  
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    '************************************************************************* VxfFk4  
    'Lens index of refraction ?(U> )SvF  
    '************************************************************************* @v2kAOw[  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) eGLLh_V"  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat J(-#(kMyf  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Qo{^jDe,c*  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat h_d!G+-]  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 8F4#
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    '************************************************************************* DjL(-7'p  
    'Pupil diameter K#";!  
    '************************************************************************* F{f "x
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ;nv4lxm  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) >1mCjP  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" +V7*vlx-  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ?^IM2}(p  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) NCSb`SC:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) |vWx[=`o  
    count = 0 I[
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vC J  
        GetOperation eID, count, op X'[SCs  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [N#2uo  
            DeleteOperation eID,count FK={%  
            count=count-1 [>?B`1;@  
        End If FJ>| l#nO  
        count=count+1 -\>Bphu,y
 
    Wend +\.gdL)  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" {u46m   
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 rmR7^Ycv/  
    op.parent = parID bUz7!M$  
    AddOperation eID, op ~`mOs1d  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 0-4WLMx  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description }QG6KJh_%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  }e9:2  
    GetEntity eID, entity O-bC+vB]M  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" D,1S-<  
    SetEntity eID, entity cD2}EqZ 9  
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    Update 3Xf}vdgdM$  
    Print "DONE!" MWsBZJR
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End Sub pt|u?T_+  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 1c+[S]7rY  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters A'6>"=ziP  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm +&-/$\"  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 S1;#58  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 OZLU>LU  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 @y)-!MHN(8  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 U{n 0Z  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 #th^\pV  
Set pupil diameter = 4 |ay W _5}  
DONE! q}tLOVu1  
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