[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 z.I9wQ]X[  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 *VZ5B<Ic  
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模型 NSDv;|f  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ` 5C~  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Ez-[ )44/  
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光源 4tS.G  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 RSfzRnhmr  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 x HhN  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 %$Aqle[  
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视网膜的散射 k4[|'Dk?  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 \0f{S40  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 &@yo;kB  
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脚本 qCnZhJ  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： M!XsJ<jN/  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 07^iP>?  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 }=]M2}  
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分析 x-?Sn' m  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 fV'ZsJ N  
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脚本代码 J\M>33zu  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. *5^Q7``  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY DuHu\>f<S  
Dim op As T_OPERATION j4R(B  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4QIX19{"  
Dim A As Double ?3.b{Cq{-  
Dim pupilDiam As Double #ka
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Dim eID As Long --c"0,7  
Dim parID As Long "\o+v|;  
Dim count As Integer Qh'ATo  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ;k>&FWEG  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double m1Mt#@,$  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double @3C>BLI8+  
Dim ok As Long wlqpn(XR  
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Sub Main Tw;3_Lj  
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    '用户输入对话框 `yH<E+   
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ;CPr]avY  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 )6D,d5<  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 O%5 r[  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 )]H-BIuGm  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 s)6U_  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 l^pA2yh|  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 !FElW`F  
    End Dialog a@UZb  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog SfaQvs
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ~^r29'3  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ZOeQ+j)|I  
        Print "Execution cancelled." J:V6  
        End )\J+Kiy)  
    End If HiR[(5vnf  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty )quM4=u'  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then eQp4|rf  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation lE&&_INHQ  
    Else 6sx'S?Qa*  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ]dGw2y  
    End If I uMQ9&  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then NnDxq%l%  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ?"i}^B`*  
    Else 4'a=pnE$  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) y}My.c  
    End If w1OI4C)~  
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    Print " " ujR_"r|l  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" uao0_swW5  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" o7s
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation $Bs {u=+w  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness di6QVRj1  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ,y 2$cO_>  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens $_o-~F2i5  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens  @Z\,q's  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens -bT)]gA2  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ly
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction T_@K&<  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation V'8s8H  
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    '************************************************************************* \]2]/=2tLd  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) M^r1S  
    '************************************************************************* t<z`N-5*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) MGR!Z@1y  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity PT=2@kH  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) uW@oyZ

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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z bm?sbE  
    count = 0 ]B%v+uaW  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count zF8dKFE~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op AX;8^6.F3  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then f]`#J%P  
            DeleteOperation eID,count njScz"L~  
            count=count-1 F+,~v-  
        End If '_w=k4  
        count=count+1 Ma.`A  
    Wend P@$/P99  
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    'Set new shift in Tx|Ir+f6L  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" juka0/  
    op.val1 = taq =BSzsH7  
    op.parent = parID -@yh>8v  
    AddOperation eID, op Pe3@d|-,MU  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 x(etb<!jd  
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    '************************************************************************* .aAL]-Rj  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens uxtWybv  
    '************************************************************************* tyXuG<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) )uj Ex7&c  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Rzbj  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant &x[E;P*Fg  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Ox&P}P0f  
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    '************************************************************************* M)'HCnvs'  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Bg5Wba%NK  
    '************************************************************************* iOR_[y,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) dv8>[#  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !%^^\,  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost f&eK|7J_Yf  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost %QH)'GJQ  
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    '************************************************************************* {sihus#Q  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Pz>s6 [ob  
    '************************************************************************* @&%'4j&+  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) K/tRe/t}  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) NO|KVZ~  
    count = 0 lD^]\;?  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count LR.H
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        GetOperation eID, count, op T]t+E'sQ  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then C8[&S&<_<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 9o;^[Ql-  
            count=count-1 9xO#tu]  
        End If i@P)a'W_  
        count=count+1 qfL~Wp2E;  
    Wend SSz~YR^}Sr  
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    'Set new z-shift $FlW1E j  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Gb8D[1=u=  
    op.val1 = tlens 0Fk5kGD,&K  
    op.parent = parID [s"O mAy4  
    AddOperation eID, op }4Tc  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens bSfpbo4(  
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    '************************************************************************* BGOuDKz9C  
    'Lens index of refraction UUzYbuS>&l  
    '************************************************************************* g .onTFwN  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" )
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat "}q@Y=  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 2"Ecd  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat k5D%y3|9  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens HG+%HUO$  
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    '************************************************************************* 7![,Q~Fy  
    'Pupil diameter ]$Yvj!K
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    '************************************************************************* [`^a=:*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) MS\>DW  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) &>%T^Y|J4  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 4a'N>eDR  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens A6:es_  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) zaah^.MA|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) T(f/ ?_%  
    count = 0 K[ (NTp$E  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count FrTi+& <  
        GetOperation eID, count, op *a58ZI@  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #9X70|f  
            DeleteOperation eID,count k\WR ]  
            count=count-1 -i)ZQCE  
        End If 3):A   
        count=count+1 ]}U*_rM:  
    Wend Q$HG  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" {B[=?6tQ  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 @&X|5p"[g  
    op.parent = parID 'yL%3h _@  
    AddOperation eID, op !P)O(i=  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam XmEq2v  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description |2abmuR0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) xYmxc9)2  
    GetEntity eID, entity W7 Cc  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" nq6@6GRG  
    SetEntity eID, entity `}mcEl  
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    Update :a$\/E=  
    Print "DONE!" u/M+u;  
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End Sub (CsD*U`h  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： %@.v2 cT  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters S,Xnzrz  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm c
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Cq%IE^g<  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 *q()f\  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 -F<Wd/Xse  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 3wC' r  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 vJ'2@f$  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Kac' ;
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DONE! 6"~P/\jP  
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