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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 2h51zG#qd  
    7JQ4*RM  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ~<VxtcEBz  
    c8uw_6#r(D  
    模型 E#rQJ  
    #n|5ng|CJ  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 }O@>:?U  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. e3CFW_p  
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    光源 ~$T>,^K y  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 <H60rON  
    ^il$t]X5-  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 =Vs?=|r  
    V>)/z|[  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 #`|Nm3b  
    }WC[ <AqI  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 *'8q?R?7g  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 A)n_ST0  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Qv ~@  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 !|4]V}JQ  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 >Df; 1:U  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: `H:`JBe=+[  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ,iao56`E  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 +jB;  
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    分析 [#@lsI  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 w#A\(z%;x  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 )Hin{~h  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. /"La@M37  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY c$ib-  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION &)Qq%\EP4  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =Y|( }92  
    Dim A As Double {u y^Bui}  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double P A ZjA0d  
    Dim eID As Long 9rz$c, Y(  
    Dim parID As Long jcj8w  
    Dim count As Integer n!Y_SPg   
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double <\$"U5"`  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double $[`rY D/.  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double -DHzBq=H  
    Dim ok As Long fTR6]i;  
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    Sub Main pEcYfj3M  
    *8,W$pe3  
        '用户输入对话框 P]^OSPRg  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 GNM>hQ)h:  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 |k}L=oWE  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |0}Xb|+  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Ot47.z  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 r@r*|50  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Z_bVCe{  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 0^V<,CAV  
        End Dialog :t`W&z41  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog I>nYI|o1  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 7)<Ib j<M  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed K:< Viz  
            Print "Execution cancelled." Jy}~ZY  
            End 9[VYd '  
        End If IxUj(l1Fm  
    {G vGV  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty iT{4-j7|P4  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then c3l(,5DtH  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation m4OnRZYlw  
        Else dpS@:  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) WGA&Lr  
        End If {9Qc\Ij  
    bf.+Ewb(  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then /f?;,CyI  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter jEQ_#KKYJ  
        Else f@ |[pT  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) d!T,fz/-.  
        End If T2]8w1l&K  
    w{T$3F`@9  
        Print " " J&'*N :d  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" w)S 4Xi=  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ~28{BY  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Ji,;ri2i  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness  Xp<O  
    ]7k:3"wH  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens JE:LA+ (  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens {~51h}>b#  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens $~:ZzZO  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ^pe/~ :a  
    S"Vr+x?  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness :,p3&2 I  
    : ^}!"4{  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction @ ^F{  
    {}'Jr1  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation mp sX4  
    9(HGe+R4o  
        '************************************************************************* 6@# =z  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 4IW90"uc  
        '************************************************************************* R6 ej  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ts[8;<YD  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity }T}c%p  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T7ShE-X  
    _+)OL-  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ?$A)lWk(  
        count = 0 M-Vz$D/aed  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;6 d-+(@  
            GetOperation eID, count, op x%$6l  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^=-25%&^  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 7mi=Xa:U  
                count=count-1 p[WlcbBwT  
            End If D.7cWR`Wp  
            count=count+1 I31Nu{  
        Wend }3Ke  
    &~.|9P/45  
        'Set new shift in dQH8s  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" q2B'R   
        op.val1 = taq c+Z dfdR  
        op.parent = parID T^d<vH  
        AddOperation eID, op Wn;%B].I  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 SI6?b1;-:F  
    /P[u vO  
        '************************************************************************* \[]BB5)8  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ;H%'K  
        '************************************************************************* &u"mFweS  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) F @t\D?  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic =Ldf#8J  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 3\ )bg R:  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant P&c O2  
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        '************************************************************************* P%[ { 'u  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ;/23CFYM  
        '************************************************************************* _8`S&[E?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 60|m3|0o  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic rwwyYIlEg  
    g p|G q  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost hQzT =0  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost H,/ =<Th;i  
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        '************************************************************************* ;6]ag< Q  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) )99^58my  
        '************************************************************************* <dS I"C<  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ?g K|R  
    A5}N[|z  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) ow,! 7|m  
        count = 0 DvI^3iG8  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count M>BVnB_,-  
            GetOperation eID, count, op .ArOZ{lKD>  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ho%%voJBS  
                DeleteOperation eID,count WT 5 2  
                count=count-1 [e|9%[.V  
            End If *gwo.s  
            count=count+1 &u2m6 r>W  
        Wend Fkqw #s(T  
    'OhGSs|  
        'Set new z-shift >^@~}]L  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" !a%_A^t7  
        op.val1 = tlens lH,/N4 r*&  
        op.parent = parID bI;u};v  
        AddOperation eID, op gZz5P>^  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens T%PUV \LV  
    }&l%>P  
        '************************************************************************* /I`-  
        'Lens index of refraction >#;>6q9_  
        '************************************************************************* K9RRY,JB  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 7;#o?6!7  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat zb!RfQ,  
    ,}^;q58  
        mat.Nd = nlens ( ~>-6Nb 5  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 5S! !@P!,  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens +=kz".$  
    ]*rK;  
        '************************************************************************* )Ee`11  
        'Pupil diameter F'@[ b   
        '************************************************************************* N71%l  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) S; !7 /z  
    SmP&wNHQf  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 2;SiH]HNS  
    8(:O5#  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ]PH'G>x  
    ge&!GO  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens UtB~joaR  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) CY@#_z  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Is  ( Ji  
        count = 0 R36A_  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .Ax]SNZ+:A  
            GetOperation eID, count, op R8, g^N  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then u>03l(X6f  
                DeleteOperation eID,count W_]onq 6  
                count=count-1 n 8)eC2 A  
            End If e yByAT~W,  
            count=count+1 H$3:Ra+ S  
        Wend F^wm&:%{`  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" a7fn{VU8  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 $viZ[Lu!m  
        op.parent = parID _GL:4  
        AddOperation eID, op =|3*Y0  
    JjH141 n%D  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Fau24-g  
    yt`K^07@  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description mv`ND&  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) vSJ# }&  
        GetEntity eID, entity >yt8gw0J  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" jH2_Ekgc;_  
        SetEntity eID, entity f2M}N  
    {= T9_c  
        Update ff 2`4_ ,|  
        Print "DONE!" )#025>$z  
         mA\}zLw+r9  
    End Sub ?Lquf&`vP  
    z7O$o/E-*  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: B d?{ldg  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ys} I~MK-  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 6tBe,'*  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 N?mQ50o~C  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 yH',vC.  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 p) m0\  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 /qPhptV  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 y9Q.TL>=[  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 t$ 3/ZTx  
    DONE! M:.0]'[s5  
    )SWLX\b  
    iiTt{ab\Y  
    QQ:2987619807 Y/,Cy0!  
     
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