[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 3(="YbZ  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 6gL#C&  
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模型 ?j'7l=94A  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 TEP,Dq  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. A
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光源 XD!W: uvb  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 |T<_5Ik  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 IY_iB*T3jt  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 mu\6z_e  
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视网膜的散射 `vU%*g&R  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Rm2yPuOU}A  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 aEBu *`-j  
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脚本 48J@CvU  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： jkQ*D(;p  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 R]JT&p|w.1  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 vRznw&^E
 
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分析 :>rkG?NfL  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ?Lx24*5%  
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脚本代码 imVo<Je7z(  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. .nO\kgoK  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY *~2,/D  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Tg7an&#  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ajve~8/&  
Dim A As Double q'+)t7!  
Dim pupilDiam As Double #9=Vg  
Dim eID As Long pXtl 6K%  
Dim parID As Long #./fY;:cj  
Dim count As Integer CYt?,qk-r  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double >R|/M`<ph  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double J;S (>c  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double !:)s"|=  
Dim ok As Long [m->5H  
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Sub Main bs+f,j-oBN  
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    '用户输入对话框 ,1hxw<sNR  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ]GUvV&6@(  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 at@G/?  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 6S},(=  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 1}"++Z73P  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 []D&bYpv  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 bUs0 M0y  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 G%BjhpL  
    End Dialog '_<{p3M  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog /9 3
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 1eA
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed >3ZFzh&OYQ  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 7 G)ZN{'  
        End p}&#jE  
    End If P)"noG_'i  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty |U~<3.:m:  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then U1Q:= yD  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation W=lyIb{?^0  
    Else '-QwssE  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) :X"?kK0V  
    End If xP_cQwm`1  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then xg30xC[  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 0mpX)S  
    Else (DJ"WG  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) \$R_YKGf1G  
    End If bw(a6qKK  
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    Print " " A_V]yP  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" G, 44va  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ,aOl_o -&  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation !]42^?GH  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness SII;n2[Ze  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens I?]ohG K  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Ac96 [  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 7jxs
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens $:BKzHmg  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness H  >j  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction =FlDb 5t{  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ?OId\'q  
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    '************************************************************************* iyA'#bE-  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) hmvfw:Nq4  
    '************************************************************************* \}+_Fo/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -]L6=  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Z.c'Hs+;  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mkMq  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z bG7O  
    count = 0 >d*iD  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count nx@=>E+a  
        GetOperation eID, count, op l2`s! ,<>O  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then WgR).Yx  
            DeleteOperation eID,count O&vVv _zh  
            count=count-1 9l|@v=gw.  
        End If c
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        count=count+1 p s/Ayjk  
    Wend S\LkL]qx  
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    'Set new shift in 4^:\0UF  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"  0bz'&  
    op.val1 = taq _|iSF2f,X  
    op.parent = parID V\t.3vT  
    AddOperation eID, op M:XSQ["6>V  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 wE[]6\_x1  
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    '************************************************************************* O#b6mKPt;t  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens +$u$<z3Q  
    '************************************************************************* 2gc/3*F8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ,">]`|?  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic .+qQYDEw  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant %+f>2U4I  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 5)FJ:1-  
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    '************************************************************************* J3,fk)  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens \Npxv  
    '************************************************************************* V\{clJ\U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) e7@ojOQ%  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic j\,EO+ZQCv  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost {K <iih  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 4y)P
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    '************************************************************************* +s(HO
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) }0eF~>Df  
    '************************************************************************* Lilr0|U+  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) nKS7Q1+  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 3_txg>P"  
    count = 0 GO8GJ;B-U  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count H
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        GetOperation eID, count, op 1|RANy  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^.KwcXr  
            DeleteOperation eID,count .JYaH?  
            count=count-1 d^RxQuA  
        End If 
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        count=count+1
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    Wend aAJU`=u
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    'Set new z-shift cJN7bA{  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" T@G?t0  
    op.val1 = tlens Y'yH;Mz  
    op.parent = parID )#P; x"  
    AddOperation eID, op :ZTc7}  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens gGr^@=;YC  
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    '************************************************************************* $eD.W
 
    'Lens index of refraction nTuJEFn{  
    '************************************************************************* ugo.@   
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) =G]1LTI  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat }vZ+A
 
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    mat.Nd = nlens uxW~uEh  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat )\_:{c  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens '>&^zgr  
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    '************************************************************************* ZYI{i?Te#  
    'Pupil diameter C 'v+f=  
    '************************************************************************* (5#nrF]
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) VSrr`B  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ,a gc  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ko Z  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens T,]7ICF#  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T.@aep\"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 3{""58  
    count = 0 :z4)5= 6M  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count L[^9E'L$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op U'8bdsF_  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 7B
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            DeleteOperation eID,count 1y-y6q  
            count=count-1 K<pV  
        End If `&KwtvkdI  
        count=count+1 t *1u[~=  
    Wend N$h{Yvbn  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $UgA0]qn  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 8S%52W|  
    op.parent = parID l%?T2Fm3>  
    AddOperation eID, op k%D+Y(WGz8  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 5"HVBfFk  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description *$p2*%7Ne  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) +VCGlr  
    GetEntity eID, entity D[^m{ 9_  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" D$bIo"  
    SetEntity eID, entity CPP` qt%f  
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    Update V>ieh2G(  
    Print "DONE!" !OBEM1~ 1  
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End Sub pV20oSJNt  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Bm"KOr$}-  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ^zt-HDBR_  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm {jYOsl  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 &m|wH4\  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 }&n<uUDH  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 lD"(MQV@0  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 hg+X(0  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 }"=AG  
Set pupil diameter = 4 *tgnYa[l  
DONE! W6"v)Jc>_  
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