[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 \/'u(|G  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 /Wk\6  
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模型 R`A@F2  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 RV7l=G9tq  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ] S]F&B M|  
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光源 )CEfG  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 e=TB/W_  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 |%we@ E  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 9>\s81^  
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视网膜的散射 j8L!miv6  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 i4&"-ujrm  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 '
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脚本 6/Q'o5>NL:  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ehV`@ss  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 y}FTLX $  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 #Huvn4x  
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分析 JJPU!  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 'C)`j{CS  
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脚本代码 #qtAFIm'  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. s
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 8vOKm)[%  
Dim op As T_OPERATION z:{'IY  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL LJt#c+]Li  
Dim A As Double \!Cix}}1  
Dim pupilDiam As Double NTkGLD1e.  
Dim eID As Long ]Nz~4ebB  
Dim parID As Long AK]{^Hv
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Dim count As Integer iC10|0%{  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double xT6&;,|`  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double (sHqzWh  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double <C`qJP-  
Dim ok As Long 8*-8"It<"  
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Sub Main SV0E7qX  
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    '用户输入对话框 $1y8gm  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 9~2}hXm;  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 "l&=a1l  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 BU(:6  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 $6
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 $hZb<Xz  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 pC2ZN  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 EnnT)qos  
    End Dialog qpjtF'  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Vf9PHHH|   
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) y!)  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed &MKG#Y}  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ACm9H9:Vd  
        End azF|L"-RP  
    End If t{Ck"4Cg  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty _:DnF  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then yr?*{;  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation q<Gn@xc'  
    Else v6(Yz[  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) dfl| 6R  
    End If 91d@/z  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then +y'V  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Y7
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    Else *y<Ru:D  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) D1]%2:  
    End If Z^5j.d{e$  
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    Print " " S81Z\=eK  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" /J!C2  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" q/w<>u  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation kzU;24
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness '?7th>pC  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens GPlAQk  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens $.{CA-~%[  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ?|!167/O  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens yZkHBG4  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Z)}q=NjA  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 5dOA^P@`,M  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 7LMad%  
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    '************************************************************************* Y8!T4dkn  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) uMOm<kn  
    '************************************************************************* vQf'lEFk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y\0<f `v6  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity {.F``2  

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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) BkfWZ O{7  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 5"(AqXoq  
    count = 0 ;4.D%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +9Z RCmV  
        GetOperation eID, count, op S~^0 _?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K8E:8`_cx  
            DeleteOperation eID,count uV1H iv-  
            count=count-1 lsmzy_gV7  
        End If  FkJa+ZA  
        count=count+1 [XFZ2'OO  
    Wend XP'Mv_!Z  
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    'Set new shift in mtDRF'>P:  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" N{Og; roGD  
    op.val1 = taq "h.}o DS  
    op.parent = parID ~:7AHK2  
    AddOperation eID, op *]G&pmMs  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ]:TX> X!  
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    '************************************************************************* o?A/  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens xTQV?g J  
    '************************************************************************* $4.mRS97g  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) W"9iFj X  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic .N~qpynY  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant H8yc<  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Bm%.f!`  
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    '************************************************************************* Mi'Q5m  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens uYjJDLYoHl  
    '************************************************************************* DJgk"'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) wd*i&ooQ*L  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 8OC5L1  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ,-u | l  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 6suB!XF;  
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    '************************************************************************* b7fP)nb695  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface)
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    '************************************************************************* 5n;|K]UW  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) g-xbb&]  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ><iEVrpN  
    count = 0 X?$Eb  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }|f\'S  
        GetOperation eID, count, op [ d<|Cde  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :j$K.3n  
            DeleteOperation eID,count !7J;h{3Uw  
            count=count-1 :7Mo0,Bw,  
        End If ri~dWx  
        count=count+1 xMg&>}5  
    Wend aA%$<ItH  
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    'Set new z-shift 4s*P5w_'/  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y">tfLIL_  
    op.val1 = tlens 18w[T=7)  
    op.parent = parID W"Dj+/uS  
    AddOperation eID, op ~bT0gIc  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens uR)itm
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    '************************************************************************* 9<<$uf.B  
    'Lens index of refraction [
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    '************************************************************************* {d(PH7R  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) `{I,!to  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat H_;Dq*  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 8s8q`_.)(  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 3f's>+,#%  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 3leg,qd  
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    '************************************************************************* |NtT-T)7  
    'Pupil diameter u!g=>zEu  
    '************************************************************************* y=9a2[3Dz  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) cv:nlq)  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) eJ{"\c(  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" lGG
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens O,qR$#l   
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) KtEMH  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) DJ}xD&G  
    count = 0 #2yOqUO\  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B>X+eK  
        GetOperation eID, count, op T<zonx1  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then MBcOIy[&A  
            DeleteOperation eID,count g/z9bOgIX  
            count=count-1 1:YDN.*  
        End If U YUIpe  
        count=count+1 Zpb3>0<R  
    Wend a^[io1}-  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" >;xEzc!W3*  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 58e{WC  
    op.parent = parID $6!`  
    AddOperation eID, op }WI24|`zM  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam I4|p;\`fK  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description u6r-{[W}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rLL;NTN+/  
    GetEntity eID, entity }sJ%InL  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "r"]NyM  
    SetEntity eID, entity 3pDZ}{ZZU  
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    Update k})9(Sy~  
    Print "DONE!" ^"buF\3L  
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End Sub pNiqb+^nz  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 4zf#zJw  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters KMbBow3o*~  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm _%1.D0<~-E  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 =?*V3e3{  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 }|SVt`n  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ZN4&:9M  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 cQ+,F2  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Be]o2N;J  
Set pupil diameter = 4 W2^eE9  
DONE! .{x5(bi0S  
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