切换到宽版
  • 广告投放
  • 稿件投递
  • 繁體中文
    • 1569阅读
    • 0回复

    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

    上一主题 下一主题
    离线infotek
     
    发帖
    6441
    光币
    26350
    光券
    0
    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 0U !&|i\  
    3S1{r )[j  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ~%h&ELSw  
    1kD1$5  
    模型 T-]UAN"O  
    ge1U1o  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Kw2]J)TO  
    ENI|e,'[  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    WO6+r?0M2  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 2wa'WEx  
    umt`0m. :  
    光源 yZ]?-7  
    kh8 M=  
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 D={$l'y9p  
    [ua[A;K  
    7%G&=8tq  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    H%Z;Yt8^gt  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 BU7QK_zT:  
    q29d=  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 \FF|b"E_=  
    f0YBy<a  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 0#ON}l)>  
    #4!f/dWJp  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
    16Jjf|]j  
    视网膜的散射 mo,"3YW  
    )@] W=  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Sy<io@df  
    er2;1TW3E  
    .-[]po  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    ?A~=.u@[d  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 >FJK$>[1:p  
    +n)bWB%  
    SR`A]EC(V  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    =LEzcq>XO  
    脚本 (`u+(M!^  
    2sVDv@2  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: >GzH_]  
    8#9OSupp  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    t;:Yf  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    lE!.$L*k  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 C4t~k  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 }=.C~f]A  
    db}lN  
    分析 L`fT;2  
    n A%8 bZ+  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Y&y<WN}Q  
    t}MT<Jj  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    B B^81{A  
    脚本代码 W)Y:2P<.  
    )bpdj,  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. J7~Kjl  
    Q8]S6,pt  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY =#wE*6T9  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION v+dT7* ^@  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 23opaX5V=  
    Dim A As Double 5bsv05=e  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double T b*Q4:r"  
    Dim eID As Long IxY!.d_s|~  
    Dim parID As Long A2Iqn5  
    Dim count As Integer .TNJuuO  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 3wfJ!z-E8  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 8^R~qpg%  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double n@S|^cH  
    Dim ok As Long %6Y}0>gY  
    D2io3Lo$ov  
    Sub Main G {a;s-OA3  
    2%MS$Fto  
        '用户输入对话框 MW=rX>tE  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 U;gy4rj  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 HD z"i  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 SK_N|X].  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Qr?(2t#  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 '%a:L^a?  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 aDE}'d1qo  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 SW HiiF@  
        End Dialog nrM-\'  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog a!PN`N28  
    &@qB6!^  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) uFOYyrESc  
    CZ(fP86e  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Tcq@Q$H  
            Print "Execution cancelled." Cn>t"#zs!~  
            End xDmwiVy  
        End If VxU{ZD~<Z"  
    +.X3&|@k  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty vnX~OVz2  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then mrlhj8W?!  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation xJFxrG'c  
        Else CR-2>,*a9  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) }jg,[jw_"X  
        End If \u6/nvZ]N  
    /)r[}C0   
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 5J3K3  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter x0xQFlGk  
        Else mEV@~){  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) WX $AOnEv  
        End If QVD^p;b  
    c2yZvi  
        Print " " \Zn~y--Z  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 3[%n@i4H|  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" <"LA70Hkk  
    y"ms;w'z  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation |1/?>=dDm  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness O{=@c96rl  
    ~B`H5#  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Lx3`.F\mG  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 7#9fcfL  
    No]#RvEd3  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens *(nu0  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens CbT ;#0  
    <{.pYrn  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 4o( Q+6m  
    L#/<y{  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction TZ PUVOtL_  
    #LG<o3An  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation A)nE+ec1  
    !GoHCe[10  
        '************************************************************************* KocNJ TB  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) w#;y  
        '************************************************************************* GUsJF;;V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >7QC>ws%  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 7*47mJyc  
    6,skF^   
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,v(ikPzd  
    l/bZE.GJ  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ,uS}wJAX  
        count = 0 kT&GsR/  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2Vg+Aly4D  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Q_|Lv&  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then u:\DqdlU`  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ]DI%7kw'  
                count=count-1  C0j`H(  
            End If wUmcA~3D  
            count=count+1 nsi&r  
        Wend YHo*IX')C?  
    4J2C# Cs  
        'Set new shift in .OD{^Kq2  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" =OooTZb:x-  
        op.val1 = taq f >\~h,SLL  
        op.parent = parID 1zY" Uxp  
        AddOperation eID, op ,}$[;$ye  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 }zHG]k,j  
    lf2(h4[1R  
        '************************************************************************* -2y>X`1Y  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Yf x'7gj  
        '************************************************************************* Ert` ]s~  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) P64< O 5l/  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic o1u?H4z  
    &+8cI^ kp  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ')j@OO3  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Q E*`#r#e  
    . AX6xc6  
        '************************************************************************* Na_O :\x#  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens g}*F"k4j  
        '************************************************************************* 7.C~ OrGR  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @Yh%.#\i%  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0%]F&|  
    LW+^m6O  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ~.8p8\H  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost EY[J;H_b  
    7bx!A+, t  
        '*************************************************************************  :O{ ZZ  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) A$ o?_  
        '************************************************************************* xX{gm'3UYa  
    zgA/B{DaC;  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) =^gZJ@  
    F]^ZdJ2  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) ?-9It|R  
        count = 0 3X}>_tj  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count M`.v/UQn  
            GetOperation eID, count, op r7n-Xe  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %jmL#IN)  
                DeleteOperation eID,count I0C$  
                count=count-1 x)^t5"F  
            End If 8hm|9  
            count=count+1 zX ?@[OT  
        Wend ?DKwKt  
    G,h=5y9_J  
        'Set new z-shift %P-z3 0FHp  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" eEMU,zCl  
        op.val1 = tlens 0?8{q{ o+  
        op.parent = parID eh} {\P  
        AddOperation eID, op t5jZ8&M5]  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 8K0@*0  
    e2$k %c~  
        '************************************************************************* 8iwqy0<  
        'Lens index of refraction N?krlR  
        '************************************************************************* sc &S0K  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ^K n{L  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat %oqC5O6  
     w#\*{EN  
        mat.Nd = nlens z\ ?cazQ  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat T_*R^Ukb5  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens \-~TW4dYe  
    &Ew{{t;"  
        '************************************************************************* 7Q3a0`Iq  
        'Pupil diameter =dT sGNz  
        '************************************************************************* e|jmOYWG  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 6l-V% 3-  
    CP!>V:w%9!  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 0x]W W|se*  
    !/Wp0E'A  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Y1Qg|U o  
    4` zfrT^  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens V8{5 y <Y>  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -<Zs7(  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 3G)Wmmh"a  
        count = 0 \5s #9  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count fd} U l  
            GetOperation eID, count, op WN%KA TA  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [exIK  
                DeleteOperation eID,count _.y0 QkwV  
                count=count-1 W bW@V_rr  
            End If Ot#O];3  
            count=count+1 =UW! 7OzC  
        Wend T,eP&IN  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ypK1 sw  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01  B1!b@0^  
        op.parent = parID ow{SsX  
        AddOperation eID, op }+4^ZbX+:  
    Q-g}{mFS  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam W{!GL  
    %t:pG}A>:C  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description xVn"xk  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ToWtltCD  
        GetEntity eID, entity Eu^? e  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" bijE]:<AE7  
        SetEntity eID, entity 8NRc+@f|m  
    39(]UO6^;  
        Update /X_g[*]?  
        Print "DONE!" bEJz>oyW"  
         05cyWg9a  
    End Sub J<4 egk4  
    sw'?&:<"Ow  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: Pgg\(D#X`  
    Y]SX2kk(2  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ] _WB^  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm NlS/PWc6(  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 =E?!!EIq.  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ;/Z9M"!u[  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 x!08FL)  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 VdZmrq;?/  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 v0yaFP#kG  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Ikn)XZU^  
    DONE! V{j>09u  
    Gw5j6  
    e)WpqaI  
    QQ:2987619807 1j7sJ" *  
     
    分享到