[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 a
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 m6)8L?B   
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模型 -U(T  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 }r6SV%]:  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. INsc!xOQ  
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光源 ";cWK29\f  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 *Y6BPFE*4  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 A
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 67Z|=B!7  
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视网膜的散射 [J0L7p*6  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 K>9]I97g'  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 -@-cG\{  
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脚本 a0Cf.[L  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： CE:TQzg  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 7\'vSHIL  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ` ZXX[&C  
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分析 [s"3g\L';  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 }kdYR#{s  
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脚本代码 \zw0*;&U  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. oJb
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY #.UooFk+Y  
Dim op As T_OPERATION v-J*PB.0p  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL (m4`l_  
Dim A As Double \@vR*E  
Dim pupilDiam As Double lwaxj7  
Dim eID As Long 8i=J(5=  
Dim parID As Long *g]q
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Dim count As Integer +^YXqOXU  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double t&^9o$  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3:7J@>  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double mS5'q q;t  
Dim ok As Long -$J\BkI  
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Sub Main \dTX%<5D  
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    '用户输入对话框 #ok1qT9_  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 M5s>;q)  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 CTQF+Oe8O  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Lz's!b  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 o8.KakrPP  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 `@q
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 I?LJXo\O  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 4eK!1|1  
    End Dialog xQ9P'ru  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog \:9dt8(-U  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) i,1=5@rw5  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed G?CaCleG  
        Print "Execution cancelled." z %{Z  
        End 'd4I/  
    End If KWbnSL8  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty L|.q19b*  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then A(G%9'T  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation b<>GF-`w  
    Else `&2~\o/  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 'g.9 goQ  
    End If 5[}3j1  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ["Mq  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter yoiKt; S  
    Else /|V!2dQs"  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 8+Sa$R  
    End If nf=*KS\v  
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    Print " " JoeU J3N  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ([SrIG>X  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" GSo&$T;B6  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 2u9O+]EP  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness &<hDl<E  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens HYm |  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens /{@^
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens };;\&#  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens M &`ZF  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness P7ktr?V0a  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction C><]
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ms9zp?M  
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    '************************************************************************* b{Srd3  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ?4>uGaU\  
    '************************************************************************* Sc!]M 5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) v`&  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 74f3a|vx/  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6G2s^P1Dl@  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z CUJP"u>8M  
    count = 0 ~q0g7?}&  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )D_ZZPq_  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 1K(a=o[Ce  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then r*$$82s  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Arvxl(R\4  
            count=count-1 <3?T^/8  
        End If 0LI:R'P+P[  
        count=count+1 0u0<)gdX  
    Wend ! C}t)R]^  
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    'Set new shift in b-Fv vA  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5vxKkk&i4l  
    op.val1 = taq :CH*~o  
    op.parent = parID 'p0|wM_  
    AddOperation eID, op $xx5+A%,  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 z3F ^OU   
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    '************************************************************************* ;VQFz&Q$u  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens MYVUOd,  
    '************************************************************************* >y P`8Oq[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 31BN ?q  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "= H.$ +  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant P<+y%g(({  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant !: e0cV  
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    '************************************************************************* !AR$JUnX  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens iQ[0d.(A  
    '************************************************************************* TWv${m zE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) m>po+7"b  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 79.J`}#  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost o;#{N~4[$  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost D+ki2UVt&  
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    '************************************************************************* HSt|Ua.c/h  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) # SmM5%  
    '************************************************************************* +{%@kX<V_  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 6r"PtHr  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) mwuFXu/  
    count = 0 kvU0$1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eYL7
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        GetOperation eID, count, op uj.~/W1,!  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K;2]c3T  
            DeleteOperation eID,count pv;c<NQ'1  
            count=count-1 =k4yWC5-  
        End If +uPN+CgQ@  
        count=count+1 /)80@  
    Wend ^q"wd?((h  
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    'Set new z-shift l+'1>T.I  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" %iPu51+=  
    op.val1 = tlens ?Azpb}#  
    op.parent = parID Tb-`0^y&X1  
    AddOperation eID, op ]{9oB-;,  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 0/.#V*KM  
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    '************************************************************************* -;$+`<%  
    'Lens index of refraction 39!o!_g  
    '************************************************************************* %EPqJ(T  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) *$(=I6b  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat O$ i6r]j_  
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    mat.Nd = nlens m[^;H
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat i_GE9A=h  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens BfOG e!Si  
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    '************************************************************************* oB[3?
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    'Pupil diameter ;>=hQC{f>  
    '************************************************************************* Q}jbk9gM5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) hMJ \a  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) f5a%/
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ?Di
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Y=G *[
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) w8%yX$<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) m@JU).NKCS  
    count = 0 o*n""m  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 
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        GetOperation eID, count, op ;J\{r$q  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8
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            DeleteOperation eID,count HZQI|  
            count=count-1 #)R;6"  
        End If u2<:mu[|P  
        count=count+1 HqgTu`  
    Wend ^OG^% x"  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" KHr8\qLH  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 $#4z>~0  
    op.parent = parID jn\\,n"6  
    AddOperation eID, op RA[` Cp"  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ?p5RSt  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description tBBN62^X  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) QBto$!})  
    GetEntity eID, entity =mqV&FgRo  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" !xo@i XL  
    SetEntity eID, entity U7crbj;c)d  
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    Update &P3B  
    Print "DONE!" 
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End Sub Wc3!aLNx  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： D3.sR\Hxf  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters P>N\q
  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm `*oLEX
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 LR)is  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 y6*i/3  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 62(WZX%b  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 nBiSc*  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ObM5vrEk|  
Set pupil diameter = 4 tDN-I5q  
DONE! 3C,e>zE}  
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