[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 OU#p^5K  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 xWK/uE(  
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模型 Eaxsg  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 I\c7V~^hnG  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Dr=$}Y  
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光源 vZ57 S13  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 xaoR\H  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 AL,7rYZG$  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 B)L0hi  
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视网膜的散射 <%m1+%mA.  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 cZ)mp`^n7  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 6~2upy~e  
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脚本 _-543B}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： yE,qLiH  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 WcY_w`*L  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Rf>)#hn%  
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分析 )1Y?S;  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 k0ai#3iJ  
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脚本代码 ]d7A|)q  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. >1Hv c7DP  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY %D:VcY9OC  
Dim op As T_OPERATION oPni4^g i  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL %,HUn`  
Dim A As Double _xm<zy{`S  
Dim pupilDiam As Double s2|.LmC3|B  
Dim eID As Long =7H\llL4BC  
Dim parID As Long kV T |(Y  
Dim count As Integer dhnX\/  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 39 zfbxX  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 6jgP/~hP>N  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double <Lxp t  
Dim ok As Long 9*K-d'm  
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Sub Main ~]d9 J  
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    '用户输入对话框 ^0}wmxDq  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 &S66M2  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 4;AQ12<[1  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 m;{HlDez  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 :A @f[Y'9  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 N wNxO  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 #5{xWMp/0  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Z8Y&
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    End Dialog }[UH1+`L  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ]u$tKC  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) U\qbr.<  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed R13k2jLSQ  
        Print "Execution cancelled." o -)[{o\
 
        End E#8|h(  
    End If &g23tT#P?  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty k\T]*A  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Q%?%zuU  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation s[h;9 I1w  
    Else <X4f2z{T{@  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) W5Pur lu?  
    End If aZ\Z7(  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then @d|Sv1d%  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter $V?sD{=W  
    Else 5WRqeSGh  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) MmvOyKNZF  
    End If 85[ 7lO)[  

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    Print " " 2YWO'PL  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" kJOZ;X=9/  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" uaKbqX  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation w_@{v wM$A  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness H*3u]Ebh  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Y:m8UnT  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens SC2LY  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Ti0kfjhX7  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens W|rAn2H  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness K3tW Y 4-  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction u^E0u^  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation =+T0[|gc(r  
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    '************************************************************************* G,Eh8HboK  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ~~k0&mK|Q  
    '************************************************************************* d$+0;D4E  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) uTrzC+\aU  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity *
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) L1Yj9i
 
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z "10\y{`v^  
    count = 0 s%Ph  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Yqo@ g2g  
        GetOperation eID, count, op }u0&>k|y  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9lGa*f)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count WpE"A  
            count=count-1 4Jc~I  
        End If MwSfuP  
        count=count+1 f8r7SFwUv  
    Wend $/#[,1  
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    'Set new shift in l"X,[  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" knV*,   
    op.val1 = taq DQV9=  
    op.parent = parID eA
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    AddOperation eID, op p}gA8o  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 3&M0@/  
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    '************************************************************************* b{-|q6  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]q
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    '************************************************************************* Tl-%;X<X  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Rh ]XJM  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic y>u|3:z  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ?LU>2!jN  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant OR+py.vK  
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    '************************************************************************* (0_zp`)  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens u`(yT<>H  
    '************************************************************************* "66#F  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Nqd9)WQ  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7u:kR;wk  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost I7Abf7>*Q  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 1LvR,V<  
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    '************************************************************************* y[S9b(:+  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ^AOJ^@H^>  
    '************************************************************************* J#3[,~  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) mC0Dj O  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) #NL'r99D/o  
    count = 0 RwrRN+&s\  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7,
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        GetOperation eID, count, op :1gpbfW  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #RSUChe7w  
            DeleteOperation eID,count H`q[!5~8  
            count=count-1 JlRNJ#h>  
        End If "<)Jso|  
        count=count+1 o:4#AkS  
    Wend .We{W{  
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    'Set new z-shift UFj!7gX]  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]\}MSo3  
    op.val1 = tlens UYW'pV  
    op.parent = parID C,LosAd  
    AddOperation eID, op eC6wrpZO  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens H<?s[MH[  
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    '************************************************************************* g\IwV+iDf  
    'Lens index of refraction ]TcQGW@'  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) EUV8H}d5  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat @+y,E-YTdV  
'
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    mat.Nd = nlens YZtd IG  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat JZ:yPvJ  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 0B}2~}#  
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    '************************************************************************* #<u;.'R  
    'Pupil diameter C'Y2kb  
    '************************************************************************* MtoOIkQ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) !gfd!R  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ^7=7V0>,:  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" \ptjnwC^O  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens K"X"2c1o  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [/n@
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) M#m;jJqON  
    count = 0 5nsoWqnE8  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count b&LAk-}[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ?0+g.,9  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Un T\6u  
            DeleteOperation eID,count =1,1}OucP  
            count=count-1 ev_'.t'  
        End If iXvrZofE  
        count=count+1 ]H\tz@ &  
    Wend -R\dgS3  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" MPw?HpM  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 x7G*xHJ  
    op.parent = parID o[+t}hC[  
    AddOperation eID, op DGS,iRLnA  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 4fjwC,,  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ,_,*I/o>B  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 
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    GetEntity eID, entity DL!%Np?`  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ;ny9q  
    SetEntity eID, entity N>]J$[j  
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    Update v'S5F@ln  
    Print "DONE!" P~iZae  
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End Sub t*)mX2R,  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： v_WQ<G?  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters )58~2v
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm WW&Wh<4  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 P+OS  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 s;* UP   
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ['sNk[-C  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 gw[Eu>I  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +{I" e,Nk  
Set pupil diameter = 4 K:~tZ  
DONE! BOq9\g`5s  
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