[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ],?$&  
/Wx({N'
h$  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 )XFaVkQ}  
 K}OY!|  
模型 Ra!Br6  
g)L?C'BG  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 lx)Bj6  
eBN!!Y:7  
9f|+LN##  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. IEP^u `}  
nS` :)#;  
光源 xG7/[ jG  
}G3:QD  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 d#W>"Cqxqa  
8TE2q Pm  
qhQeQ  
zm{U.Q  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 $xK*TJ(k  
YqEB%Y~N+  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 0!5w0^1  
Z`jSpgWR  
|z 8Wh  
71I: P|.>  
视网膜的散射 kp=wz0#  
^77Q4"{W  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 NGs@z^&V  
aS3Fvk0R{h  
>s;>"]  
bMvHAtp  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ej;\a:JL  
-"}mmTa*<  
mh:eUFe  
SKdh!*G  
脚本 |.~0Ulk,  
Xf/qUa
o  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 2l.qINyz  
lmbC2\GT  
8w\ZY>d  
of<(4<T  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 >&?k^nI}J  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 H]<@\g*l@P  
sqE? U*8.-  
分析 g?1! /+  
av:9kPKm  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ^)i1b:4  
C'S&  
277Am*2  
脚本代码 1c19$KHu  
CGCI3Z'  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Ra-%,cS  
O
g E<bw  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY L; (J6p]h  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 5m\T~[`%  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL h3BDHz,  
Dim A As Double /s|4aro  
Dim pupilDiam As Double %VsIg  
Dim eID As Long <UE-9g5?G  
Dim parID As Long oRZ--1oR_  
Dim count As Integer rzO5 3\  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double y=qiGi[Nc  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double u~7 ,v  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double F\BD7W  
Dim ok As Long K)_DaTmi)  
mWiX@#,  
Sub Main /5&'U!:+  
o>?#$~XNv  
    '用户输入对话框 @@~Ql  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 <xO" E%t  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 >[&Z
s3>  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 `44 }kkBT  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 $9PscubM4  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 J<27w3bs~p  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 jFPD SR5  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 j" ~gEGfK  
    End Dialog M.h8Kr!.  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog '@3Kq\/  
;Q8LA",5d  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) *-lw2M9V  
9TZ4ffXV*  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed y{O817 \  
        Print "Execution cancelled." )4CF*>*6V  
        End {6Qd,CX
 
    End If :I/i"g7<  
 b
MDj+i  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty :o=a@Rqx  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then H
COE'24I  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation )D>= \Me  
    Else &vHfuM`  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) jTE~^  
    End If S :%SarhBD  
C'oNGOEd  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then J0V\_ja-  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /KLs+^c5  
    Else 9f7T.}HM  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) _+NM<o#A  
    End If 2GW.'\D  
TL*8h7.(  
    Print " " f.Feo  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" jc-$l  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" SZ3UR  
ZGZ+BOFL  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ,[{Z_co  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness p"k[ac{  
#s]'2O  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens *C"-$WU3o  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens zM+eb| >cr  
D5gDVulsh  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens )"4v0dv  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens %FSY}
65  
rUOl+p_47  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness "o6a{KY(  
Tn"/EO^N  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction #V#sg}IhM?  
Uk@'[_1z  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ne-;gTP;  
Vb$
4'K'  
    '************************************************************************* `%
nj$-W:  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) j$mCU?  
    '************************************************************************* ]UFbG40Zo  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) dub%fs  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Ka|, qkb  
_zF*S]9 X  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -lDAxp6p  
3wf&,4`EX  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z fOtzbYVC  
    count = 0 |z%:{  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?D8+wj  
        GetOperation eID, count, op QnN cGH  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _oBJ'8R\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count IyJHKDFk  
            count=count-1 ##_Jz5P  
        End If ^oYudb^%  
        count=count+1 p81Vt  
    Wend V_p[mSKJv  
UD}#c:I  
    'Set new shift in gSn9L)k(O  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" SoPiEq  
    op.val1 = taq {M&Vh]  
    op.parent = parID L^><APlX  
    AddOperation eID, op dw"{inMf  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 lU&[){  
e|2@z-Sp-  
    '************************************************************************* H4{CiZ  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ?Q
#yf8  
    '************************************************************************* [:*Jn}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) eemw I  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic K#_x.:<J  
6L}}3b h  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant |ryV7VJ8  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @})]4H  
!eE;MaS>  
    '************************************************************************* ~8l(,N0  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens (]gd$BgD
 
    '************************************************************************* q"C(`S.@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) {>rGe#Vu  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Al-;-t#Dc  
pS6p}S=1]  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost yDe6f(D  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost %3;vDB*L$  
5%)<e-  
    '************************************************************************* sjIUW$  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) bpp{Z1/4  
    '************************************************************************* tkjQSz  
(u:^4,Z  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) jqv"8S5  
AAW])c`.  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 2/F";tc\'  
    count = 0 ;%W]b  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~dz,eB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Q!*}^W  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then rU!QXg]uD  
            DeleteOperation eID,count mi]bS  
            count=count-1 F :p9y_W  
        End If R!Lh~~@{(  
        count=count+1 |9'
`;4W  
    Wend 1XXuFa&  
[Rxb
b+,U  
    'Set new z-shift k3yA*Ec  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1O,:fTG<  
    op.val1 = tlens cN3!wE  
    op.parent = parID ;vuqI5k  
    AddOperation eID, op *l{GD1ZDk  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens
w_ONy9  
HzQY\Y6  
    '************************************************************************* 0ub0[A  
    'Lens index of refraction {'@`:p&3r  
    '************************************************************************* Qo$j'|lD  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Mv?$zV"`#  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat D`NPU  
+{h.nqdAE  
    mat.Nd = nlens MP_LdJM1E  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat +S6(Fvp  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens -~] q?k?  
cKE
DRX3  
    '************************************************************************* *YO^+]nmY  
    'Pupil diameter RIdh],-  
    '************************************************************************* XT%\Ce!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) f1w_
Cl  
Q5xQ5Le  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) sOqT*gwr:  
G0~6A@>  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" G nPrwDB  
5_7y1  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens qd<-{  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) yQ!I`T>a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) B? Z_~Bf&  
    count = 0 W7#dc89}  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count '4ip~>3?w  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ?Gqq]ozm  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :Xi&H.k)p  
            DeleteOperation eID,count NH'Dz6K5  
            count=count-1 wQ9?Z.-$  
        End If 6^e}^~|  
        count=count+1 WCD)yTg:ES  
    Wend _J"fgxW  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" eXQLE]L]  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 iY*fp=c9  
    op.parent = parID +3F%soum95  
    AddOperation eID, op $W]}m"l  
Jo''yrJpB  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam /b7]NC%  
|/;;uK,y  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 43?uTnX/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,GF]+nI89  
    GetEntity eID, entity VVJIJ9L&C  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" WZM  
    SetEntity eID, entity tj4/x7!  
*7o@HBbF  
    Update p"
"\uG'  
    Print "DONE!" T5Iz{Ha  
     H/U.Bg 4  
End Sub bae;2| w  
8b!xMFF"  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： />n!2'!  
ON9L+"vqv0  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters H<") )EJI  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Z4oD6k5oc  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 -}u1ZEND  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 rf+Z0C0WYi  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 o3$dl`'  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 8]mRX~  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 hof>:Rk  
Set pupil diameter = 4 5PsjGvm.%  
DONE! $0R5 ]]db)  
{)(Mkm+d  
\%&):OD1  
QQ：2987619807 :T{VCw:*