[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 qC\$>QU}  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 \f66ipZK*  
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模型 62(WZX%b  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ObM5vrEk|  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 5 (H; x74  
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光源 ^\+6*YE 4  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 %oor7 -l  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Y"l!3^  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Gj)Qw6  
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视网膜的散射 PPq*_Cf  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Z#J{tXZc  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 2Qk\}KWs  
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脚本 AT9SD vJ  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： cEQa 6  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 =H?Nb:s  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Z\7bp&&  
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分析 C9iG`?  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 JR>B<{xB  
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脚本代码 S8cFD):q  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. iGlZFA  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 5(|ud)v  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ropiyT9;  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL !'MD8  
Dim A As Double 68>zO%  
Dim pupilDiam As Double MtB:H*pM  
Dim eID As Long VA%i_P,  
Dim parID As Long W P&zF$  
Dim count As Integer f:0n-me  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ;C<A}  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double fh3 6  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double W!^=)Qs  
Dim ok As Long l`]!)j|+  
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Sub Main CYu8J@(\~g  
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    '用户输入对话框 CUG<v3\  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 U,S286  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Qw-qcG  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 s#fmGe"8  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 TDGzXJf[  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ?yb{DZ46  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 :F\f}G3  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 OY#_0p)i  
    End Dialog F"CYrt  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog w6Q]?p+  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) jY.%~Y1y  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed [)pT{QA  
        Print "Execution cancelled." yB1>83!q  
        End ?rDwYG(u]@  
    End If 4#9-Z6kOk  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty dp70sA!JF  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then PsnU5f)`  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation -tdG}Gu  
    Else co80M;4  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) k N+(  
    End If "!?bC#d#(  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then K=)R!e8  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter NZ5~\k  
    Else s`YuH <8  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) {LDb*'5Cy  
    End If ,gc#N  
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    Print " "
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" W!X]t)Ow  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ^ym{DSx  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation >6 #\1/RP  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness V1`|j  

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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Gf\_WNrSE+  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens du,-]fF  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens &:*+p-!2<  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens T7~v40jn|  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness E;H(jVZ  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction >}*jsqaVU  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation  F`.7_D  
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    '************************************************************************* @\8gzvkt  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 8-ssiiJ}gh  
    '************************************************************************* iXRt9)MT{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %Qz`SO8x?  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity EIQy?ig86  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;@ X  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ]#.&f]6l  
    count = 0 z{L;)U B^  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count nF$)F?||  
        GetOperation eID, count, op b.*4RL  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E}/|Lja  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 3yB6]U  
            count=count-1 ix@rq#  
        End If UO<claV  
        count=count+1 M&c1i
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    Wend Aq'E:/  
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    'Set new shift in ^3o8F  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" m(:qZW  
    op.val1 = taq k.[) R@0%  
    op.parent = parID wLe&y4  
    AddOperation eID, op \<x_96jt!\  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 R6mJFE*6T9  
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    '************************************************************************* VDjIs UUX  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens B^~Bv!tHWr  
    '************************************************************************* ,r
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) z2
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic igj@{FN  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant bvS\P!m\c  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ]mo<qWRc>p  
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    '************************************************************************* :gaeb8`t  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ~<[5uZIo  
    '************************************************************************* Ny7=-]N4{"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) dS_)ll.6z  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic NZW)X[nXM  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost =1OAy`8  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost cY
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    '************************************************************************* B5H&DqWzr  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) wK`ieHmp  
    '************************************************************************* 02#Iip3t  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~w9
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) %<#3_}"T|  
    count = 0 n9fA!Wic  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count b<V./rWIB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 9.OwH(Ax7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then z/&a\`DsU  
            DeleteOperation eID,count "mK i$FV  
            count=count-1 R{KIkv  
        End If nC.2./OwMf  
        count=count+1 ;(0$~O$3u  
    Wend F@'rP++4  
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    'Set new z-shift _AB9BQm  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" FO>(QLlH  
    op.val1 = tlens 4J 51i*`  
    op.parent = parID 
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    AddOperation eID, op D62 NU  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens [gns8F#H\  
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    '************************************************************************* ytV)!xe  
    'Lens index of refraction QUZQY`'@  
    '************************************************************************* z>p`!-'ID  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ?-::{2O)  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat zvb}p  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 69j~?w)^  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]\ 2R
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens /`O]etr`d  
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    '************************************************************************* oBNX8%5w
 
    'Pupil diameter `=}UFu  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) T<e7(=  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) H~dHVQtJZ  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Q6!v3P/h  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens UUMdZ+7  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9ze|s^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ?X#/1X%u:  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^2C /!Y<  
        GetOperation eID, count, op z'o
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then euj8p:+X  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 8lWH=kA\  
            count=count-1 >'}=.3
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        End If 'uKkl(==%  
        count=count+1 w*u{;v#  
    Wend Z2rzb{oS}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" O%JsUKV  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]
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    op.parent = parID wLOQhviI^-  
    AddOperation eID, op 
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam y5/'!L)g  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 4j@i%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ) Kc%8hBv  
    GetEntity eID, entity 'cAc{\)  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" %/y`<lJz(  
    SetEntity eID, entity -!|WZ   
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    Update n|x$vgb  
    Print "DONE!" bbNU\r5%  
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End Sub e`Co,>W/  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： \+iu@C
  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters @q&|MMLt  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm .~q)eV  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ?Ml%$z@b?  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 79SqYe=&uy  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 nw0L1TP/J  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 (S  k#x
 
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 .73zik   
Set pupil diameter = 4 a#+>w5  
DONE! _\dt?(m|  
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