[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ;~sr$6  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 w&lZ42(mF  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 (clU$m+oXX  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. BGjb`U#%3  
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光源 '.p? 6k!K  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 jFj~]]j  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 FWTx&Ip  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 '>^Xqn  
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视网膜的散射 1-$P0  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 a8h
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 s-Y+x  
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脚本 9U10d&M(  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： HIPL!ss]  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 3LrsWAz'  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 h>tsis'N9  
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分析 ^I./L)0=}  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。
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脚本代码 +UaO<L  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ?zE<  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 4JK@<GBK6  
Dim op As T_OPERATION !47A$sQ  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL u-M] Az-  
Dim A As Double v|To+P6b  
Dim pupilDiam As Double U$EM.ot  
Dim eID As Long DJJZJ}7  
Dim parID As Long XbXgU#%  
Dim count As Integer %o-jwr}O{  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double T]X{@_  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double eU"mG3__  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double &"O_wd[+:  
Dim ok As Long Ei|0L$NCg  
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Sub Main d'q;+jnP  
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    '用户输入对话框 i/M+t~  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 t*rp3BIG  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ^s.oZj q  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 A<;0L . J  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 9$EHK  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ]t7ClT)n!  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 !~tnti6  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ] :GfOgo  
    End Dialog `lvh\[3^  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog \cFAxL(  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 4=UI3 2v3  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed zAu}hVcW  
        Print "Execution cancelled." F1/6&u9I  
        End (J/>Gy)d  
    End If 8QPT\~  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 69?I?,7  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then V~JBZ}`TG<  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation _82<|NN:  
    Else %d ZM9I0  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Mn-<51.%  
    End If mMga"I9  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then a_xQ~:H  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter b,zR5R^D;  
    Else ,7QBJ_-;QJ  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) fHW-Je7mG  
    End If S_`W@cp[  
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    Print " " osI- o~#>  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" (tgEa{rPAP  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" xAFek;GY?  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation (}VuiNY<3  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 1w(<0Be  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens qT 5WaO)  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens X9p+a,  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens L;L2j&i%v)  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 4+BrTGp  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness oM/B.U2a  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction oBhL}r  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation r[Zg 2  
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    '************************************************************************* [^cs~ n4  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) -Pv P  
    '************************************************************************* aY3pvOV  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 4Sd+"3M  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity  /<(R  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >\N$>"~a  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z H&"_}  
    count = 0 H@VBP Q}Q  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $Ui]hA-:?y  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ]W89.><%14  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \"<GL;  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7Y|Wy Oq  
            count=count-1 KFCQYdI`d  
        End If \JF57t}Zk  
        count=count+1 G7Edi;y/{  
    Wend %Z-Tb
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    'Set new shift in 3<V.6'*k  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" w*]_FqE  
    op.val1 = taq TXY
 
    op.parent = parID /v<e$0~s<  
    AddOperation eID, op $Qx(aWE0  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 %3#b6m~  
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    '************************************************************************* LIm$Wl1U  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens :Kt{t46)  
    '************************************************************************* #t5JUi%in*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) arpJiG~JR  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic d#M?lS>  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant rzc 3k~@  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 2/a04qA#  
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    '************************************************************************* #UP,;W  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ?Mgt5by
 
    '************************************************************************* F~11 _  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) i&AXPq>`  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic A `H]q5d  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost @Reh?]# v  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost SO8|]Fk  
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    '************************************************************************* 3oNt]2w/'  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ]c~rP
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    '************************************************************************* 'h+4zvI"8  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !E(J ]a  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) iIC9rso"Q1  
    count = 0 a'L7y%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count o 2$<>1^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op h;mQ%9 Yd  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then UVvt&=+4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count +q>C}9s3  
            count=count-1 3mnLV*aRt  
        End If 5,I*F9[3  
        count=count+1 Av[|.~g  
    Wend Qr xO erp  
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    'Set new z-shift 'TEwU0<%  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" >O[^\H!\  
    op.val1 = tlens {U2|):  
    op.parent = parID %%H. &*i,  
    AddOperation eID, op g^|_X1{  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens :O_<K&  
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    '************************************************************************* FCw VVF0y  
    'Lens index of refraction A&@jA5Jb  
    '************************************************************************* {Rh+]=7  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) K<fq=:I3  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat v\L Ip  
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    mat.Nd = nlens  Q-3J0=  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat hJL0M!  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens p>hCh5  
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    '************************************************************************* OW5|oG  
    'Pupil diameter ob()+p.kK  
    '************************************************************************* %#;(]7Zq  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) _jI)!
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) \6PIw-)  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 0.,&B5)  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens r E*u  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]k%KTvX*G  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) /$N#_Xblr  
    count = 0 Kps GQM  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?VHwYD.B  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 1x5CsmS  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )6S}O* 1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count h4xf%vA(;  
            count=count-1 7QRvl6cv  
        End If GA@Q:n8UuR  
        count=count+1 7m)ykq:?  
    Wend '%/u103{e  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" D +%k1  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 29E@e]Y,`  
    op.parent = parID Ih0>]h-7  
    AddOperation eID, op sA7K ;J})  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ${H&Q*  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 1$!K2=%OXj  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %b'VEd7  
    GetEntity eID, entity v-]-wNqT  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Wn</",Gf  
    SetEntity eID, entity m&vYZ3vK[  
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    Update ktJLpZ<0O  
    Print "DONE!" ]3cf}Au  
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End Sub E;e2{@SX2K  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： nylIP */  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ,,-3p#Pbw  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm w)c#ZJHG  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 l.'E\3Bo  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 N=Yi:+  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 NjMLq|X  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 bWzc=03  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ?B4QTx9B  
Set pupil diameter = 4 CUM~*  
DONE! d-2I_ )9  
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