[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 egG<"e*W}N  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ML\>TDt  
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模型 lcm[l  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 1]~w?)..'  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. RhHm[aN  
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光源 lh"*$.j-  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 w90YlWS#  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 PZusYeV8b  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 l^Rb%?4Z  
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视网膜的散射 <R /\nYXz  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 jhm??Af  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 yk`qF'4]  
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脚本 z~ C8JY:  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 9aJIq{`E  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ;2<5^hgk  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 IA@>'O  
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分析 Ku75YFO,5  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 H&)}Z6C"  
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脚本代码 IW0S*mO$  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 4#B'pJMw9  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY q<dG}aj  
Dim op As T_OPERATION OM*c7&  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL B{nwQC b  
Dim A As Double KC6Cg?y^  
Dim pupilDiam As Double gc.L
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Dim eID As Long r=H?fTY<3E  
Dim parID As Long K oJ=0jM#  
Dim count As Integer @AEH?gOX  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double aOwjYl[?p  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double vk92j?  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Ek_5
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Dim ok As Long l-+=Yk!X  
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Sub Main {o}U"b<+Ra  
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    '用户输入对话框
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 bv[#|^/  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 AE0uBv  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ]vvYPRV7
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 }/cReX,so  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 =-h^j  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 [.gk{> #  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 7IX8ck[D  
    End Dialog D=0YLQ*rP  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog srGOIK.  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg)  `q?3u
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed xZ'fer`&  
        Print "Execution cancelled." TN(Vzs%  
        End iW5cEI%tb  
    End If \}Jznzx;
 
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty X1Yw=t~a  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then DrK]U}3fh"  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation Z0,jg)sA4  
    Else x-BU$bx5  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) o(*\MTt?  
    End If 2S?7j[@%i`  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then %{u@{uG0'3  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter F9fLJol  
    Else $.PRav  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) e\%,\uV}  
    End If K:,V>DL  
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    Print " " \|HEe{nA  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" #Rw!a#CX.  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" wQhNQ(H~\  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation p='j/=  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness \ruQx)5M  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ]o6ZZK  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens g)Lf^  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens EXDDUqZ5\  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;wn9 21r  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness /2tA n  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }]x \ `}o  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation j4~(
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    '************************************************************************* n7[nl43  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) `"5Ub,~  
    '************************************************************************* gRLt0&Q~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) tFmB`*!%  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity N!+=5!  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) w1/QnV  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z -SsgW  
    count = 0 Lq(=0U\"P  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?P kJG,~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op f:>y'#P  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >h7(kj:  
            DeleteOperation eID,count AyE*1 FD  
            count=count-1 C QkY6  
        End If Q]WBH_j  
        count=count+1 ynIe4b  
    Wend <ToS&  
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    'Set new shift in jSI1t
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (?z?/4>7<  
    op.val1 = taq `B%%2p&  
    op.parent = parID Mu3G/|t(  
    AddOperation eID, op 4.O)/0sU  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 )N.3Q1g-  
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    '************************************************************************* )D8op;Fn  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 1Lb)S@Q`*R  
    '************************************************************************* g}_2T\$k  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) q5f QTV  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic j7}mh  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant *AH`ob}  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ?C|'GkT  
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    '************************************************************************* lNX*s E .  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens #}7T$Va  
    '************************************************************************* $kUB%\`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) q{w|`vIb  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !tq]kKJ3:  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ;[y( 14g  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost rJiF2W  
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    '************************************************************************* 7y Cf3  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) SeHrj&5U  
    '************************************************************************* L^qCE-[  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Xu-~j!  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) /stvNIEa  
    count = 0 ]]|#+$ ~  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count d+DO}=]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op gC$_yd6m L  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]L3U2H`7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count "Q@m7j)(  
            count=count-1 .gO|=E"  
        End If @Ou H=<YN  
        count=count+1 =z. hJu  
    Wend _hY6NMw  
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    'Set new z-shift %bw+>:Tr  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" uH\EV`@'  
    op.val1 = tlens #$UwJB]_D  
    op.parent = parID )>~jjR  
    AddOperation eID, op ;1&"]N%  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens V Rv4p5  
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    '************************************************************************* !Q\*a-C  
    'Lens index of refraction L} R"1O  
    '************************************************************************* 4b<|jVl\  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) M6wH$!zRa  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Q0xGd(\  
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    mat.Nd = nlens +2MF#{ tS  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat X3sAy(q  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens j \rGU){  
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    '************************************************************************* k[*9b:~  
    'Pupil diameter dOv\]  
    '************************************************************************* zU1D@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 7 7bwYKIn  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) g=mKTk   
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" i6yA>#^  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens bIm4s  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T;DKDga  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" )  eFsl  
    count = 0 h GA2.{  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 'jO2pH/%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 0j8fU7~6S  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then EY]H*WJJ  
            DeleteOperation eID,count <Y6Vfee,&  
            count=count-1 kb 74:  
        End If d>u^7:  
        count=count+1 y)KIz  
    Wend o|>=<l  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 0WzoI2Q  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 f\5w@nX  
    op.parent = parID Mq~E'g4#  
    AddOperation eID, op MR|A_e^x  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam }t#|
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 2XL^A[?   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &'`C#-e@  
    GetEntity eID, entity Sm[#L`eqW  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" { 1~]}K2  
    SetEntity eID, entity [? "hmSJ  
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    Update 3B;Gm<fJ9N  
    Print "DONE!" Yt*NIwWr  
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End Sub V=fu[#<@Ig  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ^XeJZkLEB  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ()j)}F#Z`  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ts&\JbL  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 &LI q?  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 47Vt8oyh%  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 (]sm9PO  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 <zY#qFQ2  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 (XR}U6^v]  
Set pupil diameter = 4 /V0Put  
DONE! =mQY%l  
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