[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 I0v$3BQ4  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 NrTK+6 z  
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模型 tn@MOOPl  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 3\~ RWoB0u  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. bm Hl\?  
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光源 wy)I6`v  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 SA1|7  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 (w+d
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 (sHvoE^q-  
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视网膜的散射 
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 [p7cgHSMt  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 68pB*(i  
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脚本 4jyDM68i  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： #UO#kC<2(B  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 BRu/pyxG  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 h9B^U?<wT  
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分析 GG KD8'j]  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 f-!A4eKe  
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脚本代码 q')MKR*  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. rps2sXGr  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY T==(Pw7R7  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ~|7jz;$V  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL h.`U)6*?&N  
Dim A As Double cnrS.s=  
Dim pupilDiam As Double >*5+{~k~4  
Dim eID As Long quvdm68  
Dim parID As Long ylEQeN  
Dim count As Integer 0%9Nf!j  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double wGXnS"L!  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double K1F,M9 0]  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double :Y{aa1  
Dim ok As Long Ot]Y/;K  
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Sub Main vWM3JH~a6  
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    '用户输入对话框 NVTNjDF%s  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 z&"-%l.b@}  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 P[.BK  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ]T3dZ`-(  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 j70]2NgX  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 /p=9"?  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 I^5T9}>Q  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 gD[Fkq$]  
    End Dialog e@-"B9~   
    Dim dlg As UserDialog g' xR$6t  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 3E!#?N|v  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed HlkG^:)  
        Print "Execution cancelled." rt7Ma2tK  
        End `o9vE0^T<  
    End If 4)o_gm~6c4  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty =Z
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then yMQuM:d  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation N}Ol`@@#h  
    Else x,sMa*vd  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) H$:Z`CQt<  
    End If x4PH-f-7  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then `Z3Qx~fx  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /
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    Else 6AZJ,Q\E@  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) v;E7UL .w  
    End If d(>7BV  
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    Print " " z2m%L0  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" FkdG@7Xf  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" p0KkPE">p4  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation OIF0X!  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness idwiM|.iU  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens _YXk,ME!Q  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens oKIry 8'^N  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens &%~2Wm  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;79X
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness `laaT5G\y  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction UTEUVcJ\  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation D6iHkD
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    '************************************************************************* /znW$yh o  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) (+<SR5,/3  
    '************************************************************************* z6)SaSYE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) D
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity G:FP9  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3K2`1+kBVG  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ~X^L3=!vf  
    count = 0 tT}*%A  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Y`S9mGR#  
        GetOperation eID, count, op OO@ (lt  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }/ 6
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            DeleteOperation eID,count 5Sd+Cc  
            count=count-1 Egv (n@1  
        End If &pS <4  
        count=count+1 +'abAST t  
    Wend 4P@Ak7iL(V  
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    'Set new shift in Cf`s:A5<J  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5qkG~YO-  
    op.val1 = taq }EmNSs`$r  
    op.parent = parID UY*3b<F}  
    AddOperation eID, op O/^7TBTn<r  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 -W(O~AK  
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    '************************************************************************* G>{B
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens MXY[t  
    '************************************************************************* 1hj']#vBu  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) B&&:A4  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *.wX9g9\  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant K!6k<  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Q=lQy  
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    '************************************************************************* Jrd:6
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens K1M
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    '************************************************************************* Al="ss&2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) yTWP1  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic J[rpMQ  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost LutP&Ebt8  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Uk=jQfA*J  
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    '************************************************************************* 6@?4z Rkz  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ; F% 3b47  
    '************************************************************************* RnV )*  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) A{mv[x-XN  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) _NQMi4 V(  
    count = 0 wP.b2X_V  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count UN'[sHjOnD  
        GetOperation eID, count, op OnE#8*
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then d 6 t#4!  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 25%[nkO4  
            count=count-1 m,KG}KX  
        End If (055>D6  
        count=count+1 S%zn
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    Wend .}Va~[0j  
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    'Set new z-shift [%'yHb~<  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;5qZQ8`4  
    op.val1 = tlens 33dHTV  
    op.parent = parID aI]
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    AddOperation eID, op U_ELeW5@  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ^6R?UG;6  
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    '************************************************************************* Z _W.
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    'Lens index of refraction qScc~i Oq  
    '************************************************************************* ^]}+s(
 
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) gE$D#PZ
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat o NX-vN-  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 7M;7jI/C  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Q-<N)K$F(4  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens  [@YeQ{  
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    '************************************************************************* ,@1rP55  
    'Pupil diameter 57 (bd0@8  
    '************************************************************************* %mKM9>lf#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) T%|{Qo<j  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Gf``0F)  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 4eOS+&  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens i+rh&,  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) L-. +yNX)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) f@Oi$9CZn  
    count = 0 66ULR&D8  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Sep/N"7~t  
        GetOperation eID, count, op d)hA'k  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then X0a)6HZ{  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;ED` 7  
            count=count-1 [_kis  
        End If Lg6;FbY?  
        count=count+1 KV&4Ep#  
    Wend O^/z7,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" C8dC_9  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 g~ub
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    op.parent = parID ;5S'?fj  
    AddOperation eID, op FYe#x]ue  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Q`= ,&;T>  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description [%?ViKW  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mf4C68DI@u  
    GetEntity eID, entity p;nRxi7'  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ^HiI
   
    SetEntity eID, entity EhWYFQ  
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    Update r@WfZZ  
    Print "DONE!" U+[ p>iP  
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End Sub g/3t@7*<  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： #/"?.Z;SSH  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters UO~Xzx!e  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm  =&8Cg  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Kg8n3pLAX  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 *OM+d$l!  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 e-E0Bp  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 hiT&QJB` _  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 b
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Set pupil diameter = 4 bz'#YM  
DONE! 7cMHzhk^  
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