[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 gbM#jhQ  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 RekTWIspT/  
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模型 S#dkJu]]#  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 J6/M
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. S',i  
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光源 7$x~}*u  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Fy5xIRyI\F  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ZvEcExA-  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 S3]Cz$  
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视网膜的散射 8WK%g0gm  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 gBz$RfyF  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ^l;nBD#nJ  
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脚本 3>qUYxG8  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 5"xZ'M~=  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 zvB!=  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 J8I_tF6  
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分析 qG3 [5lti  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 x"h0Fe?J  
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脚本代码 D(xg
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. HVaWv].  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY QxCZ<|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION DODo !  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 0.S].Y[  
Dim A As Double |1J=wp)#  
Dim pupilDiam As Double d (]t}  
Dim eID As Long .kh%66:  
Dim parID As Long e:}8|e~T  
Dim count As Integer E15"AO   
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double JmdXh/X
 
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double c7T9kV8hS  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double (UmoG  
Dim ok As Long %:^,7 .H@  
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Sub Main g/,fjM_  
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    '用户输入对话框 M"[s5=:Lo
 
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 OQ"%(w>Hb  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :Z(?Ct&8  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 d!/@+i  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 mN3}wJ}J  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 x bF*4;^SI  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 [o8a(oC  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 jq(3y|6,  
    End Dialog OD<0,r0f,  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog HH+R47%*  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ZxkX\gl91  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed {H s""/sb  
        Print "Execution cancelled." k7P~*ll$  
        End 6W$ #`N>  
    End If <$Q\vCR  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty @ fm\ H  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then B[7|]"L@  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation j{N;2#.u  
    Else P;0tI;  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) t]{qizfOB  
    End If ~LGkc t  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then B'6^E#9  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter b1{~j]"$L  
    Else J'^s5hxn+0  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) dj4 g  
    End If _i~n!v  
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    Print " " HRi~TZ?\  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters"
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" {n%-^9b1{&  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation nMc3.fM  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness {OP-9P=p  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens [bkMl+:/HG  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens )xCpQ=nS  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens oQ~Q?o]Ri  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens k\_>/)g  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 6"WR}S0o  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction VBR@f<2L  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ]+)z}lr8 C  
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    '************************************************************************* h*)spwF-  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) kac@yQD  
    '************************************************************************* !;lA+O-t  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) $/,qw   
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 0:Js{$ZL4  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7;KmJ}$  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z
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    count = 0 x*5' 6  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count u(02{V
 
        GetOperation eID, count, op xXH%7%W'f  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then NI=t)[\F  
            DeleteOperation eID,count hd9fD[5  
            count=count-1 wM(!9Ws3  
        End If -Qo`UL.}  
        count=count+1 UY j  
    Wend zm2&\8J  
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    'Set new shift in ] =b?^'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~b5aT;ObR  
    op.val1 = taq wQb")3dw  
    op.parent = parID eJE?H]  
    AddOperation eID, op !l~tBJr*sB  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 GB\.msls  
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    '************************************************************************* gd.P%KC!g  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens R`G%eG)+  
    '************************************************************************* n?&G>`u*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 8^p/?R^bu  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic N4!YaQQ;}  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 9%oLv25{)  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 8~:qn@Z|E  
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    '************************************************************************* rj$u_y3S*  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens :::"C"Ge  
    '************************************************************************* c;w c
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) C5i]n? )S  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic {~16j"  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost W6&".2  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost HYLU]9aH8  
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    '************************************************************************* en!cu_]t  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) zdyS"H}  
    '************************************************************************* HCb7`(
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) T'\lntN  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 6aCAz2/  
    count = 0 ; z:}OD  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -:pLlN-f  
        GetOperation eID, count, op q{@>2Al
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -DX|[70  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [rU8%  
            count=count-1 `zC_?+  
        End If |g> K$m^  
        count=count+1 |6`yE]3-(  
    Wend :2 ?dl:l  
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    'Set new z-shift 2aW&d=!ZV  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Eo)Q> AM  
    op.val1 = tlens [>;U1Wt  
    op.parent = parID ;*wZgl  
    AddOperation eID, op Wxb/|?,  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ED[PP2[/  
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    '************************************************************************* 76} N/C  
    'Lens index of refraction  s4;
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    '************************************************************************* z^{VqC*o+  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 6T"[M  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat AmRppbj/wO  
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    mat.Nd = nlens z]=A3!H/Y  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ^=pn!lK;^  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ~7 C` a$  
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    '************************************************************************* @4T+0&OI10  
    'Pupil diameter 4tCyd5u a8  
    '************************************************************************* o{ \cCZ"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) e {N8|l  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) o9<jj>R;  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" dW,$yH_  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ;?yd;GOt)  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) My:wA;#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) fE|([` !  
    count = 0 G7M:LcX  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count qdL;Ii<Y0  
        GetOperation eID, count, op $a(wM1S4  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^B1Q";# B^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Q^DKKp  
            count=count-1 K {!eHTU  
        End If (VWTYG7  
        count=count+1 :?U1^!$$1  
    Wend o\g",O4-  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $0AN5 |`g\  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 9%$4Ux*q  
    op.parent = parID y%cg  
    AddOperation eID, op 9H" u\t|?  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam SH<Nt[8C  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description BQ)zm  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) lmp0Ye|  
    GetEntity eID, entity Xi6XV3G  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" &
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    SetEntity eID, entity IyL2{5  
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    Update ]}w~fjq  
    Print "DONE!" R3jhq3F\Y  
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End Sub \6T&gX  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： [_^K}\/+  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters SYw>P1  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm |/
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 D+9xI  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 V[(zRGa{  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 bvUjH5.7  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ,l_"%xYx  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ~Ub'5
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Set pupil diameter = 4 ,*+F
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DONE! {<v?Z_!68  
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