切换到宽版
  • 广告投放
  • 稿件投递
  • 繁體中文
    • 1713阅读
    • 0回复

    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

    上一主题 下一主题
    离线infotek
     
    发帖
    6589
    光币
    27094
    光券
    0
    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 ;SlS!6.W-  
    Ae{4AZ  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 thZ@Br O#  
    qqom$H<  
    模型 -Y jv&5  
    h2/1S{/n]  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 1VyO?KX '  
    +N(YR3  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    ~a8G 5M  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. \dxW44sM  
    sKB-7  
    光源 +v[$lh+  
    \Q?|gfJH  
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 X-ki%jp3  
    sWZtbW;)  
    i37a}.;  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    `6S=KRv  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 (h@yA8>n  
    +VpE-X=T  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 X^_+%U  
    I ;11j  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 !Bd* L~D  
    {+UNjKQC  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
    kO`3ENN  
    视网膜的散射 (.XDf3   
    +q_lYGTiO  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 v[yTk[zd0  
    cT=wJ  
    !wR{Y[Yu  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    m5;[,He  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 gq:TUvX  
    eze(>0\f  
    5t5S{aCDr  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    xP/1@6]_Je  
    脚本 f$S QhK5`  
    m)]fJ_  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: \|>`z,;  
    n.qxxzEN  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    oQjB&0k4  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    :_YG/0%I  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 gc8PA_bFz  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Y/ac}q  
    g /@yK  
    分析 qL;T&h  
    G$kwc F'C  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 $I6eHjYT  
    46?F+,Rzl  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    I&NpN~AU  
    脚本代码 ZYD88kQ  
    7D~O/#dcc  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ONe!'a0  
    ,vdP #:  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 3w:Z4]J  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION Qx,$)|_  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL .fh?=B[o#  
    Dim A As Double u+gXBU  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double \^(vlcy  
    Dim eID As Long tD0>(41K  
    Dim parID As Long oY6|h3T=Q$  
    Dim count As Integer E+c3KqM  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double |tJ%:`DGw  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double MJ/%$  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ~$ qJw?r  
    Dim ok As Long N[bf.5T  
    -r'seb5  
    Sub Main KJJb^6P48W  
    Y&!]I84]  
        '用户输入对话框 <^q"31f  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 #bZ=R  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 `8.32@rUB.  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 xv%USm  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 u`Qcw|R+  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 wfTv<WG,.E  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 '=5_u  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 tP(bRQ>  
        End Dialog Fx:en|g  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog p}zk&`  
    -Fc#  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) "XsY~  
    %+B-Z/1}  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed s]8J+8 <uO  
            Print "Execution cancelled." rJQ|Oi&1i  
            End KdMA58)  
        End If NE%yv,B  
    &trh\\I"  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty WCl;#=  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ts\>_/  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation L?C~ qS2g  
        Else mL5f_Fb+  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) [*ovYpj^  
        End If gH// TbS  
     mFoK76  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then SWO!E  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter vfTG*jG  
        Else !3 Z|!JY  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ]JPPL4wAT  
        End If {ZEXlNPww  
    Y9y*" :&%  
        Print " " fvMhq:Bu  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" I%C:d#p  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" zp-~'kIJ  
    0Ilvr]1a4  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation F8;4Oj  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness s l @6  
    HtYR 0J  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens R{A/ +7!  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens poFjhq /#(  
    9,>Y  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens )mVYqlU"  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens -?`l<y(  
    #(J}xz;  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness s:F+bG}|  
    Q09~vFBg  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction = d.W'q|  
    .+ o>  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation afq +;Sh  
    u N0fWj]  
        '************************************************************************* }4]x"DfIg  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) N%E2BJ?  
        '************************************************************************* <U`Nb) &  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) QO1Gq9  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity T\CQ  
    7$P(1D4  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) v$/i5kcWx  
    'z!#E!i  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z zR_l ^NK  
        count = 0 qA/ 3uA!z  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count r74w[6(  
            GetOperation eID, count, op z( [$,e\  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &n kGdHX/a  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Eakjsk  
                count=count-1 IVODR  
            End If K :ptfD  
            count=count+1 g7f%(W 2dd  
        Wend Y,}43a0A  
    R:x04!}  
        'Set new shift in 2+cicBD  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" @soW f  
        op.val1 = taq sswAI|6ou  
        op.parent = parID o;I86dI6C  
        AddOperation eID, op 6.=1k  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 T7_rnEOO   
    <{Wa[1D  
        '************************************************************************* I3b-uEHev  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens oYx f((x  
        '************************************************************************* y N%Pe:R  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) A~SSu.L@  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 8so}^2hTlT  
    b?L43t,  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant F$p,xFH#  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Gfch|Q^INy  
    w*@Z-'(j  
        '************************************************************************* Ggjb86v\  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens *9^k^h(r&4  
        '************************************************************************* <)rH8]V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) k5CIU}H"  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic IWnW(>V  
     :Xr3 3  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost -bQvJ`iF  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 0_izTke  
    sOenR6J<$  
        '************************************************************************* CMUphS-KE  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Gl1$W=pR:  
        '************************************************************************* #]^`BQ>  
    J1MnkxJmpQ  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) zxHfQ(  
    &_gmQ;%t:  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 1h{_v!X  
        count = 0 FQ^uX]<3j  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `?m(Z6'  
            GetOperation eID, count, op g;@PEZk1  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then EJY:C9W  
                DeleteOperation eID,count BtZm_SeA  
                count=count-1 cn{l %6K  
            End If Q"uu&JC  
            count=count+1 B`Pi\1H6%  
        Wend {.W%m  
    IA^DfdZY  
        'Set new z-shift 1-<Xi-=^{t  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Rv o<ISp  
        op.val1 = tlens VQ`O;n6/`  
        op.parent = parID oaE3Aa  
        AddOperation eID, op !{\c`Z<#  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens U {v_0\ES  
    " WL  
        '************************************************************************* ktb. fhO  
        'Lens index of refraction '(*D3ysU  
        '************************************************************************* 6, ~aV  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) \ 02e zG  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat h~t]WN  
    Sj+#yct-  
        mat.Nd = nlens G&-h,"yo^  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat A+&Va\|x  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens `dhK$jYD  
    "w1jr 6"  
        '************************************************************************* o,I642R~  
        'Pupil diameter yKJp37R  
        '************************************************************************* @"0qS:s]X  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ," v%  
    =?hlgQ  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) = %m/  
    kPe9G  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" >6j`ZWab>  
    X:5*LB\/v  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens !JA63  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %iNDRLR%I  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) C+j+q648>  
        count = 0 up?8Pq*  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |v&&%>A2  
            GetOperation eID, count, op xPv&(XZR  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?a}~yz#B(  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Fk:(% ci  
                count=count-1 V{r@D!}  
            End If .^,vK7  
            count=count+1 ub%q<sE*  
        Wend s zg1.&  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Qt$Q/<8U  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 "%Ak[04'  
        op.parent = parID }e$);A|  
        AddOperation eID, op V !$m{)Y  
    #S5vX<"9  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam K!X8KPo  
    KpL82  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 5+r#]^eQY-  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) wpvaTHo  
        GetEntity eID, entity |^{ IHF\  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 0IK']C  
        SetEntity eID, entity UJI1n?~  
    :?TV6M  
        Update ~zx-'sc?  
        Print "DONE!" C-7.Sa  
         M;OYh  
    End Sub C~B^sG@;  
    uIu0"pv`x  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: q0}LfXql8  
    0=04:.%D  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters @S}'_g  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 'D bHXS7N  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 L2N/DB'{  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 PHoW|K_e  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 p0/I}n4<5n  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ~(c<ioIf  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 '*pq@|q;t  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 P*}Oi7Z  
    DONE! :V [vE h  
    D 6(w}W  
    D_{J:Hb  
    QQ:2987619807 I;7VX5X  
     
    分享到