[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 q![`3m-d.  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 sW@_' Lw  
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模型 1P?|.W_^1  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 w|c200Is}e  

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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. -tfUkGdx;l  
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光源 0ZJj5<U  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 &O#,"u/q`  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Bk[C=<
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 
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视网膜的散射 c(aykIVOo  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ;8a9S0eS  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 W/g_XQ  
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脚本 voQJ!h1  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Tl2(%qB  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 > l]Ble  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 HQ]mDo  
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分析 U.X`z3q
 
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。
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脚本代码 *<X1M~p$  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. zc$}4o  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY U8J9 #+:  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 1\~I "$}  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL D,Gv nfY  
Dim A As Double &>]U c%JK  
Dim pupilDiam As Double  JJmW%%]i  
Dim eID As Long }xBDyr63  
Dim parID As Long T*%rhnTv0  
Dim count As Integer <bb!BS&w  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double TgaxZW  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double H6{Bx2J1*  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double K_~kL0=4  
Dim ok As Long OGIv".~s4  
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Sub Main z~3GgR"1d  
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    '用户输入对话框 `a83bF35  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 [NAfy~X*  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ^b$_I31D  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Wy}^5]R0E  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 2x9.>nwhb  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 @&Z^WN,x  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 -gm5Eqi  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ZE-vroh  
    End Dialog qxDMDMN  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog /]^Y\U^  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) >}\s-/  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed WG3!M/4r H  
        Print "Execution cancelled." fLqjBG]<  
        End !^&VZh
  
    End If _dRB=bl"O  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 2|=hF9  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then .|^Gde  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation sv?Fx;d  
    Else 7P<f(@0h$E  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ZnRT$ l O  
    End If -fk;Qq3O  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then )WbWp4  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter bXvO+I<  
    Else "3\y~<8%'  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ;cvMNU$fN  
    End If Y(bB7tR  
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    Print " " IHdA2d?.]  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" z4Zm%  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Yi?bY  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation SMD*9&,  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness :`zO%h  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Lv]%P.=[G  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 3a.!9R>  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens F
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Gmi?xGn  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness XQ9W y  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction #WSqh +  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation T2S_> #."l  
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    '************************************************************************* myR{}G  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) O^`EuaL  
    '************************************************************************* A~PR  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) G9^`cTvv'8  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity t&?{+?p: 9  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !i~(h&z  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z HTT&T9]  
    count = 0 :vb5J33U  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 6!"wiM"]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op o& FOp'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "H[K3  
            DeleteOperation eID,count yiQ?p:DM  
            count=count-1 @6yc^DAA  
        End If ZI!:  
        count=count+1 T,
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    Wend (T#$0
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    'Set new shift in ;,[0bmL  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" B#S8j18M  
    op.val1 = taq PM[_0b  
    op.parent = parID 'Gl~P><e  
    AddOperation eID, op W+!UVUpW  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 XqmB%g(  
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    '************************************************************************* 8xO   
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 1;$XX#7o  
    '************************************************************************* 9)1Ye  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ]##aAh-P4&  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic uVn"L:_  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant d-_V*rYU  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant nUP, Yd  
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    '************************************************************************* ~r.R|f]IQ  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens &|Duc} t  
    '************************************************************************* Jx.fDVJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) !{.CGpS ]  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Dm)B? H"  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ^<OYW|q?\r  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost G^W0!
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    '************************************************************************* 5U~KYy^v  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) %42a>piev  
    '************************************************************************* r&E gP  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) tr<fii3<  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ~-zTY&c_  
    count = 0 skcyLIb  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2xLtJR4L  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 2
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5j`xSG  
            DeleteOperation eID,count _U^[h!  
            count=count-1 \ZLi Y  
        End If U*r54
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        count=count+1 031"D*W'i  
    Wend eK:?~BI!  
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    'Set new z-shift ?@G s7'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Z0L($  
    op.val1 = tlens <==uK>pET  
    op.parent = parID TWpw/osW  
    AddOperation eID, op Czjb.c:a.Y  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens TRm#H$  
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    '************************************************************************* @Ul3J )=m  
    'Lens index of refraction <YU?1y?V  
    '************************************************************************* G JRl{Y  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :8)Jnh\5  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ?wB_fDb}  
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    mat.Nd = nlens .|O T#"LP  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat wb.yGfJ  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens E#KZZ lbx  
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    '************************************************************************* 64?HqO 6(  
    'Pupil diameter zo
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    '************************************************************************* 0*XsAz1,9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) s>J5.Z7"'j  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) OvX&5Q5  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" h< r(:.%!}  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens y47N(;vy  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;A,X,f  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) *K|~]r(F?  
    count = 0 3*h"B$g!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <,)R`90_X6  
        GetOperation eID, count, op qk<jvha  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K KB+o)*W  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [q?RJmB]  
            count=count-1 w#b@6d  
        End If hBX*02p  
        count=count+1 `> %QCc\  
    Wend _;k<=ns(=  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ur])*#  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 kGV:=h  
    op.parent = parID ?62Im^1/  
    AddOperation eID, op !.6n=r8d  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 5pJe`}O4  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ,\6Vb*G|E>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 'f6H#V*C  
    GetEntity eID, entity r84^/+"T  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" BY~Tc5  
    SetEntity eID, entity Y%?S:&GH  
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    Update lOt7ij(,L  
    Print "DONE!" w0~%,S  
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End Sub INA3^p'w  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据：  T01Iu  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 1Vu#:6%  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm xF[%R{Mn'  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 5GM-*Ak@  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 uHKEt[PS$  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 @5^&&4>N  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 9O 'j+?(`@  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 #s{^fUN6  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ,ucRQ&P  
DONE! G[>
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