[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 pOmHxFOOK  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 '^6jRI,  
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模型 =KCAHNr4?  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 o&PPW~D+h@  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. U6sPJc<  
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光源 |s}7<A  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 :5 zXW;s  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 o'hwyXy/S  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 )r +o51gp  
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视网膜的散射  0+P[
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 )RZ:\:c  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 w<54mGMOLr  
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脚本 tXu_o6]  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 9yA? 82)E  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 2
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 =w#sCy  
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分析 %Q2<bj]  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 F~O}@e{  
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脚本代码 D)my@W0,  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 5[\LQtM  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY tPb$ua|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION r:QLO~l/  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL WXgGB[x  
Dim A As Double A@I( &Z  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Ce%fz~*b  
Dim eID As Long 'GJ'Vli  
Dim parID As Long fZ6"DJZ  
Dim count As Integer g/v"E+  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double G$HXc$OY  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double VBe.&b8  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double N)tqjq  
Dim ok As Long (tLAJ_v!.K  
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Sub Main mO1r~-~AJ  
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    '用户输入对话框 oTjsiXS  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 -%g&O-i\  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 %l.5c Sn@  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 `
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Qe6'W  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 F#S)))#  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ]@rt/ eX  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4
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    End Dialog 0zCmU)ng  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 5?{ytNCY  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) bWe_<'N  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed f'>270pH  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Pgp`g.$<  
        End \F }s"#  
    End If 'q:t48&  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty jLy3c@Dp  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then w '<8lw  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation F}C.F  
    Else 2VgDM6h  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) X4bB  
    End If K\2UwX  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then S.#IC lV  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter :
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    Else NPFrn[M$  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) f L}3I(VK  
    End If d;-/F b{4  
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    Print " " !jIpgs5  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" `]0E)  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" REe<k<>p~  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation c@]_V  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness uoIvFcb^  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens zxV,v*L)  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens e_6-+l!f  

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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Xaca=tsO  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 3,QsB<9Is  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction #:5vN-9?  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Y~j)B\^{  
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    '************************************************************************* <Kq4thR  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) xXJl Qbs  
    '************************************************************************* h)MU^aP  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) }!W,/=z*  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity `h:$3a:5  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Buue][[  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z +-VkRr#  
    count = 0 T"NDL[*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count n&51_.@Q  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 4Hk eXS.  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then xP3v65Q1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count O=9mLI6  
            count=count-1 p7\}X.L  
        End If mo$`a6[h<  
        count=count+1 }qa8
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    Wend 4}4K6y<q  
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    'Set new shift in xw)$).yc  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5$(qnOi  
    op.val1 = taq [|XMR=\>  
    op.parent = parID >sUavvJ~x  
    AddOperation eID, op ";&5@H|  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 4t%g:9]vr  
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    '************************************************************************* IC1oW)  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 'mH9O  
    '************************************************************************* y(#Aze{yC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) /O@dqEbc  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic x/UmpJD+  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 7B|ddi7Q>  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant .??[qBOTE  
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    '************************************************************************* nkv+O$LXP  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ~w&_l57  
    '************************************************************************* v*Fr#I0U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) vp"b_x1-  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic V*uoGWL]+  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost KfSI6 Y_  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost cVx#dDdA  
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    '************************************************************************* 6@"lIKeP  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) th$?#4SbR  
    '************************************************************************* ?"d25LyN  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) PD-<D~7  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 9]{(~=D7  
    count = 0 ~HW}W
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 
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        GetOperation eID, count, op Gk!06  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then o@&Hc bN^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count m0: IFE($  
            count=count-1 @Kx@ 2#~b  
        End If ~^&]8~m*d  
        count=count+1 5gdsV4DH$  
    Wend cv .R`)l  
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    'Set new z-shift tAI<[M@  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^ #6Ei9di  
    op.val1 = tlens 2|LgUA?<  
    op.parent = parID 7K 8t
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    AddOperation eID, op tX<. Ud  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens N8]DW_bsB  
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    '************************************************************************* ;;A8TcE '  
    'Lens index of refraction :o)4Y  
    '************************************************************************* Y-0o>:SM  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) _a~
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat p41TSALq  
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    mat.Nd = nlens h{J=Rq  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ,#NH]T`c1  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 0R#T
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    '************************************************************************* ai3wSUYJi  
    'Pupil diameter 9r5<A!1#L  
    '************************************************************************* d0b`qk @4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 3M?vK(zG>P  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) LW"p/`#<  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ?qdZ]M4e  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens */T.]^  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8hKyp5(%l  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) -0 e&>H%  
    count = 0 yV'<l .N  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w2o%{n\L  
        GetOperation eID, count, op =GP~h*5es  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2[O\"a%  
            DeleteOperation eID,count j06Xz
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            count=count-1 _ ?\4k{ET  
        End If (_9cL,v  
        count=count+1 XOdkfmc+s'  
    Wend B9Ha6kj  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Zi!6dl ev  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 $bGe1\  
    op.parent = parID B!;qz[]I  
    AddOperation eID, op iG.qMf.  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam K|OowM4tv  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description XDot3)2`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,{pC1A@s  
    GetEntity eID, entity o#X=1us  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" SEL7,8 Hm  
    SetEntity eID, entity pE^jUxk6  
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    Update ThvVLK  
    Print "DONE!" o:.6{+|N  
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End Sub
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： *<5zMSZO  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters `X=2Ff  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm `akbzHOM  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 3hPj;-u  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 -9L[eYn  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 jgkJF[t`  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ?)60JWOJ1  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 A18&9gY  
Set pupil diameter = 4 #Fl5]> |  
DONE! nJ ZQRRa:C  
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