[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 z46~@y%k  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 WW~sNC\3`(  
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模型 Ai3*QX  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Lnl=.z`jK  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. hhc,uJ">!  
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光源 ;iL#7NG-R  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 DsCcK3 k  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 {B*s{{[/'  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 `Eo.v#<  
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视网膜的散射 M
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 'e'cb>GnA  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 K`fuf=  
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脚本 -k"/X8  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： z[qDkL  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ":QZy8f9%  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ^RIl  
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分析 ,UF_`|  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 N6i Q8P-  
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脚本代码 lA8`l>I  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 88wa7i*  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY `*1p0~cu  
Dim op As T_OPERATION j3E7zRm] \  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4ID5q~  
Dim A As Double Q
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Dim pupilDiam As Double
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Dim eID As Long #Ki[$bS~6  
Dim parID As Long rf{rpe$  
Dim count As Integer FXkM#}RgNm  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ,.FxIl]  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double xMG~N`r  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double FJ)$f?=Qd  
Dim ok As Long $*=<Yw
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Sub Main k~1?VQ+?M  
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    '用户输入对话框 .3Oap*X  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 PB\x3pV!}  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 S;`A{Mow  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ,r\o}E2  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Wg]Qlw`\|  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ;>7De8v@@  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 W
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 r3UUlR/Do  
    End Dialog /f;~X"!  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog h2fNuu"  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Qq|57X)P*  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed J
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        Print "Execution cancelled." BLD gt~h#  
        End h(EhkCf  
    End If .,6-u  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty XlR@pr6tw  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then c\AfaK^KF  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation cSV aI  
    Else Lw>N rY(Y  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ;uP:"k  
    End If 3)ywX&4"L  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Uz]|N6`  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter H9e<v4c  
    Else G" "ZI$`  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) U-M>=3|N  
    End If 8bld3p"^  
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    Print " " pFjK}JOF  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Er?&Y,o  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" gRcQt:  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation fI|Nc  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness $~T4hv :  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens f) L  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 0<@@?G  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens I-l_TpM)  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens :d'8x  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness e+fN6v5pU  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction K]w'&Qm8W  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 3%b6{ie/=  
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    '************************************************************************* |P?*5xPB  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) @cXMG6:{  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) eTcd"Kd/  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity  z+X}HL  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \ @2R9,9E  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z U|R_OLWAg  
    count = 0 a0H+.W+]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q'Pf]
  
        GetOperation eID, count, op s6`?LZ0(z  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then j^RmrOg,  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [j+sC*  
            count=count-1 PLBrP  
        End If a/xn'"eli  
        count=count+1 MkXmA`cP  
    Wend c'\dFb9a  
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    'Set new shift in wi{3/  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" *MW\^PR?  
    op.val1 = taq >Y@H4LF;1x  
    op.parent = parID h^P#{W!e\  
    AddOperation eID, op {
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ^E>3|du]O  
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    '************************************************************************* Y"$xX8o
  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens uHRsFlw  
    '************************************************************************* Z*6IW7#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [AJJSd/:  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >9Vn.S  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ,
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant -jmY)(\  
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    '************************************************************************* )NT*bLRPQ  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens sU^1wB Rj  
    '************************************************************************* <(#ej4ar,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 6j|{`Zd)G  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic w5 Li&m  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 2y1Sne=<Kb  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost k4z
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    '************************************************************************* %E;'ln4h&,  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) X2'0PXv>!  
    '************************************************************************* ;8 lfOMf  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) K3l95he  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) *|HY>U.  
    count = 0 ChQxa  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )D%~`,#pQ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op J]r^W)O  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then I)HPO,7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %A0/1{(  
            count=count-1 ;-Aa|aT!  
        End If  e]$s t?  
        count=count+1 >=w)x,0yX  
    Wend i,VMd  
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    'Set new z-shift @>7%qS  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y}KNKO;  
    op.val1 = tlens MiX43Pk]  
    op.parent = parID iH'p>s5L  
    AddOperation eID, op 5#z1b
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens M)(DZ}  
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    '************************************************************************* 0b 54fD=  
    'Lens index of refraction b\,+f n  
    '************************************************************************* {Y1Ck5  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 0PCGDLk8  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ]eV8b*d6  
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    mat.Nd = nlens MnHNjsO#  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat X5w$4Kj&4l  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens A]3k4DLYS  
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    '************************************************************************* iN.n8MN=I  
    'Pupil diameter \ B%+fw  
    '************************************************************************* !H\F2Vxs  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) z0Z%m@  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) &xExyz~`  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" /zox$p$?h  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 6wg^FD_Q  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \}G^\p6?M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "uf%iJ:%  
    count = 0 wKY_Bo/d  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *OQ2ucC8j  
        GetOperation eID, count, op JsS-n'gF'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then f,Ghb~y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count CU~PT.  
            count=count-1 4{Z)8;QX  
        End If $Z>'Jp  
        count=count+1 K|s,ru  
    Wend kSo"Ak!  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" [.}oyz;}N  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 [KQ6Ta.  
    op.parent = parID :MDKC /mC  
    AddOperation eID, op $`'/+x"%  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam nT)vNWT=  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description BLJj(-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {7pli{`  
    GetEntity eID, entity %xt^698&X  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" W(/h Vt  
    SetEntity eID, entity ]]Ufa
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    Update (uidNq
 
    Print "DONE!" HtYwEjI  
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End Sub a-J.B.A$Z/  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 7IM@i>p%  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Z5]>pJFq,  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm !Xw5<J3L-  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 A+?`?pOm&  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 An/|+r\  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 t.C5+^+%  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 9(<@O%YU  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 J4U1t2@)9  
Set pupil diameter = 4 /z$u]X  
DONE! ^LzF@{ G  

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