[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 fov=Yd!  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 _`X#c-J  
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模型 ic0v*Y$  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 eFj6p
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. rv%ye H  
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光源 A{8K#@!  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 VM]GYz|#]  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 e
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 |DFvZ
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视网膜的散射 8G5)o`  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 pe!dm}!h[  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 uFm+Y]h  
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脚本 hSkc9jBF
 
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： \=w'HZH#+  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 62MRI  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 YH'$_,8peM  
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分析 @3-,=x  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 e'~-`Z9-)  
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脚本代码 "+n4c'  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. SLJ&{`"7
 
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY X!7VyE+n  
Dim op As T_OPERATION q:Y6fbt<7  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL e~+(7_2  
Dim A As Double " K 8&{=  
Dim pupilDiam As Double *t#s$Ga  
Dim eID As Long IU Y> ih  
Dim parID As Long #cj\~T.,,  
Dim count As Integer HDF!`  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double i\
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double SUH mBo"}  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double OuOk=  
Dim ok As Long *<*0".#  
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Sub Main %6NO0 F^  
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    '用户输入对话框 0$eyT-:d  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 -ajM5S=d*  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 0PnD|]9:  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QP6z?j.  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ]ZzoJ7lr  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ^Yj"RM$;N  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 K
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ="uKWt6n'  
    End Dialog {8^Gs^c c  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog V19e>  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) xT9Yes&  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed *0%4l_i  
        Print "Execution cancelled." p+, 1Fi  
        End IK*oFo{C=K  
    End If :8p&#
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty (Ij0AeJ#  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then [096CK  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation IFiTTIlT0  
    Else #|qm!aGs  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) `1n
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    End If `S"W8_m  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then G/v|!}?wG  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter r%0pQEl  
    Else Y)$52m5rM  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) <"*"1(wN  
    End If 3c c1EQ9  
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    Print " " o_iEkn  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 12idM*  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" C&=x3Cz  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation O$a#2p&  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness RnHQq'J|\  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ./$ <J6-J  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens b.QpHrnhtK  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens EPc!p>  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens CE)*qFs  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness lp(Nv(S  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ^w>&?A'!  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation P3G:th@j=  
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    '************************************************************************* }/20%fP  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) : (cb2j(C  
    '************************************************************************* |V lMmaz  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ASR-a't6  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity H ZPcd_(  

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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~L~]QN\3  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z b7bSTFZxC  
    count = 0 >;,gGH
 
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7R: WX
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        GetOperation eID, count, op B22b&0  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m$?.Yig?  
            DeleteOperation eID,count H"_v+N5=  
            count=count-1 L_^`k4ct  
        End If `mrCu>7  
        count=count+1 D3y>iQd
  
    Wend z=qWJQ  
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    'Set new shift in x@Y|v@}BE  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /u=aX  
    op.val1 = taq mH)OB?+lq  
    op.parent = parID B%fU'  
    AddOperation eID, op L?HF'5o  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 `NQ{)N0!  
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    '************************************************************************* zrrz<dW  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -,^WaB7u\  
    '************************************************************************* 45)D+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -bA!P
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic as(*B-_n~  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant zka?cOmYF[  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant bEd?^h  
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    '************************************************************************* 8"i/wMP]  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens F$h'p4$T  
    '************************************************************************* G?<pBMy  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) )pS8{c)E  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ")ED)&e  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Rboof`pVt  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost &:No}6  
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    '************************************************************************* 1i3V!!r  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \45(#H<$  
    '************************************************************************* Ff<)4`J  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )Oievu_"|  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) J)*8|E9P  
    count = 0 nWGR5*e:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @Dj:4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ufPCx|x~  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >jMH#TZaX  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ]RD5Ex!K?  
            count=count-1 (@q3^)I4  
        End If C_G1P)k  
        count=count+1 4.Z(:g  
    Wend ~KRnr0  
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    'Set new z-shift 3]^'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" X`1p'JD  
    op.val1 = tlens o,FUfO}F  
    op.parent = parID gI{ =0  
    AddOperation eID, op ;Iq5|rzDn  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens lsY `c"NW>  
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    '************************************************************************* -!TcQzHUs  
    'Lens index of refraction JYV\oV{  
    '************************************************************************* v9rVpYc"  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 3ji:O T  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat x: ~d@  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ao$):,2*  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 7|Dn+=  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens tS<h8g_  
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    '************************************************************************* TwFb%YM  
    'Pupil diameter azX`oU,l  
    '************************************************************************* 9p`r7:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) O]{*(J/t  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ]"sRS`0+  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" fHfY}BQS  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens s$GF 95^  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {mSJUK?TKl  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) dy:d=Z  
    count = 0 Y<Q\d[3^F  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Ae49n4J  
        GetOperation eID, count, op
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :JlDi>B  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 0S.?E.-&0  
            count=count-1 4seciz0?  
        End If GN%(9N'W  
        count=count+1 >^3zU  
    Wend F
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" J]fS({(\I  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Mr*|9h  
    op.parent = parID .pvxh|V  
    AddOperation eID, op uV~e|X "9s  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam H/J<Pd$p  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Y6ben7j%-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *#2Rvt*Ox  
    GetEntity eID, entity @^?XaU  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" T"!EK&  
    SetEntity eID, entity C3S`}o.  
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    Update l~1AT%  
    Print "DONE!" lLCdmxbT  
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End Sub HmV />9  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： &p"(-  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters s'L?;:)dyB  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm irMd jG  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 *IZf^-=Q  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 (X}@^]lpa  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Y {c5  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ut5yf
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 HC7JMj  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Z;b
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DONE! <LA^%2jT  
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QQ：2987619807 \!H{Ks{#R.