[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 -KbO[b\V  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 %NlmLWF.  
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模型 N0D5N(kH%  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 wU]8hkl?  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. T|oDJ]\J  
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光源 PMQ31f/zf  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 )"P.n-aF  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 c7?|Tipc  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 JP]4* 
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视网膜的散射 I[ZWOi\- ;  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 n n8N 9w  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 wE <PXBl\b  
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脚本 N~yGtnW  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Tkf4`Gxd  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 '(($dT  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 9JC8OSjJ  
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分析 4~:D7",Jn  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 H&ZsMML/%  
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脚本代码 n-lDE}K9%B  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 0jefV*3qpB  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY %eqL)pC]  
Dim op As T_OPERATION BA0.B0+"  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL }xzb
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Dim A As Double (e{pAm  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 1Yv#4t  
Dim eID As Long O~g0R6M6e  
Dim parID As Long
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Dim count As Integer ;,_c1x/F  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double {5:V hW}  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double <~qhy{hRn  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double y {1p#  
Dim ok As Long Ed~2Qr\65  
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Sub Main kIUb`b>B  
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    '用户输入对话框 MU&P+Wr  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 b<rJ@1qtJ  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 _\xd]~ELj  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 =l9H]`T/  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 80ms7 B  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 GwVSRI:[N  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 SA$1rqU=  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 'xp&)gL  
    End Dialog |[lM2  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog e6?h4}[+*  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) gobqS+c  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 68LB745  
        Print "Execution cancelled." \uV;UH7qe  
        End &ExYul  
    End If Z-+p+34ytq  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty G" Fd]'  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then GzUgzj|BN~  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ^m:?6y_uw  
    Else BqKh&m  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) \Y
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    End If 8^N"D7{mO  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then u
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter v2Bks2  
    Else &H{KXX"X  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ^25[%aJI  
    End If S|%f<zAtJ  
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    Print " " `QlChxd  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" %h%^i   
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 8W"~>7/>D  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation U:`
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness d(L u|/~  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens "+ji`{  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens bgm$<;`U  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens H{P"$zj`l  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens s3G3_&  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness jn#  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction |:tFQ.Z'2  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation RCq_FY  
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    '************************************************************************* Ss&R!w9p  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) J~:/,'Ea  
    '************************************************************************* 3L4lk8Dd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) $N=A,S  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ![iAALPNl  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) cV5Lp4wY?  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z SD6xi\8  
    count = 0 It4J\S
 
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^6ZA2-f/<8  
        GetOperation eID, count, op n}yqpW!%n  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~OEP)c\k  
            DeleteOperation eID,count SN'LUwaMp!  
            count=count-1 +aV>$Y  
        End If 8KW}XG  
        count=count+1 '@Y@H
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    Wend xUzSS@ot^  
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    'Set new shift in Mx-,:a9}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" t_WNEZW7f  
    op.val1 = taq 56AaviEC  
    op.parent = parID ){")RrD(  
    AddOperation eID, op ~/hP6*  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 (6?pBdZ  
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    '************************************************************************* w'.ny<Pe  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens !o&Mw:d  
    '************************************************************************* d;(L@9HHD  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) oHbEHS61  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !w98[BE7  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant gNzQ"W=  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant X1i6CEa<  
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    '************************************************************************* JMOQDo  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens xZL`<3?  
    '************************************************************************* KC?hsID{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) H4 & d,8:m  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic oyJ/Oe {  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost v)+wr[Qs  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 2,;+)  
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    '************************************************************************* ^Y~ ,s  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) F1)Q#ThF\  
    '************************************************************************* Ab-S*|B  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) iH( K[F /  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Nd#t !=  
    count = 0 Yk:fV&]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count jfS?#;T)  
        GetOperation eID, count, op C_PXh>H]'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then q[1H=+  
            DeleteOperation eID,count _$
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            count=count-1 m^O:k"+!  
        End If KcfW+>W3  
        count=count+1 @"kA&=0;|J  
    Wend \%EZg  
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    'Set new z-shift RV^2[Gdi  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ph30/*8  
    op.val1 = tlens \h :Rw|  
    op.parent = parID %g0"Kj5  
    AddOperation eID, op H[<"DP  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens {j,bV6X  
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    '************************************************************************* /pFg<  
    'Lens index of refraction LZM[Wg#  
    '************************************************************************* C\.?3  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) FD#?pVyPn^  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat +sE81B  
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    mat.Nd = nlens E`iT>+LG<  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat \H<'W"  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens /zuU  
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    '************************************************************************* ^P:9iu)+]~  
    'Pupil diameter 3l`yy])t  
    '************************************************************************* X||oiqbY  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) vV#Jl)
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) /Rx%}~x/m  

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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" F]z xx  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens g*- K!X6l  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]![ewO@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) A7+eWg{  
    count = 0 TxN#3m?G  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *ta|,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op JF%+T yMe  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E} Uy-  
            DeleteOperation eID,count :8E(pq|1PB  
            count=count-1 bW3e*O$V  
        End If 8\. #  
        count=count+1 2p@Rr7  
    Wend 4rwfY<G  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /r[0Dw  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 sUfH1w)0  
    op.parent = parID &UbNp8h  
    AddOperation eID, op ~e~4S~{  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 9!_`HE+(XJ  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description f*1.Vg0`-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N:d`L+tcc  
    GetEntity eID, entity cEve70MV  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" RQ9fA1YP  
    SetEntity eID, entity 2!7wGXm~U  
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    Update {\;CGoN|  
    Print "DONE!" '2uQ  
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End Sub .FqbX5\p,  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ="d}:Jl  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters -zN*2T  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm a&.8*|w3  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4@/
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 BNQ~O^R0  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 y''`73U"  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 5mnIQ~psR  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 fg*IHha  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ojT TYR{  
DONE! T.`EDluG  

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