[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 e@3SF  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ,%pCcM)  
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模型 f&-`+V}U  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 b(K"CL\p  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. #*(}%!rD*  
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光源 7L~*%j  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。  y|LHnNQ  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ZU 3Psj  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 .s{"NqRA  
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视网膜的散射 KjGu !B
 
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 *fN+wiPD  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 sH6;__e  
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脚本 \%7*@&  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： [CQR  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 FJvY`zqB  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 yTZev|ej@  
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分析 *'((_NZ>  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 &nEL}GM)E  
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脚本代码 eiK_JPFA-  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. w)dnmrKDZg  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY s#?ZwD,=  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ]N'3jf`W  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL zQ,rw[C"W  
Dim A As Double y% bIO6u:  
Dim pupilDiam As Double <-I69`  
Dim eID As Long KF(H >gs  
Dim parID As Long PK]3uh  
Dim count As Integer J,}h{-Xy`  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double +a5F:3$  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double H )ej]DXy  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double bYsX?0T!p  
Dim ok As Long R`(2Fy%0\k  
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Sub Main G)amng/  
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    '用户输入对话框 5/"$_7"{a  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ` aVp#  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 *(9Tl]w  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 >jt2vU@t.  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 [ U:C62oK,  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 +d3|Up8=  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 /l$enexSt  
    End Dialog ]PS`"o,pF$  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog >~o-6g  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) zsp%Cz7T  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 8^>qor.]M  
        Print "Execution cancelled." x7S\-<8  
        End UF+Qx/4h0  
    End If g~DuK|
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty M@ U>@x;  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ?c#s}IH  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation L-|l$Ti"  
    Else 03~ ADj  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) W %*#rcdq  
    End If afrF%!  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Ll]5u~  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter neFwxS?  
    Else zxn|]PbS  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ]y@A=nR  
    End If z$Jm1l  
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    Print " " C5~~$7k0  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" WFF?VBT'^  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" COw"6czX/  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation w5>[hQR\  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ei5YxV6I  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 8

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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens qPPe)IM'Sc  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens FI^Wh7J  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens LhL |ETrJ  

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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness M/ 64`lcb  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction SW9 C 8Q  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation PMAz[w,R~  
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    '************************************************************************* h7#\]2U$[5  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) e0(/(E:  
    '************************************************************************* f\2IKpF2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 27!FB@k-  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity $M}"u[Qq  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `jeATxWv  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ) ^En  
    count = 0 "}71z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Ll|-CY $  
        GetOperation eID, count, op NO~G4PUM0C  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then v]cw
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            DeleteOperation eID,count J.UNw8z  
            count=count-1 9G[ DuYJI  
        End If k7U.]#5V  
        count=count+1 IP`lx  
    Wend FxlH;'+Q  
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    'Set new shift in UV2W~g  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" nVs@DH  
    op.val1 = taq /bykIUTKI  
    op.parent = parID 54p{J  
    AddOperation eID, op %6q82}#`  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 @1oX&#  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 5M=U*BI  
    '************************************************************************* N}5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) JL,Y9G*]s  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic S})f`X9_}  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant )1 -<v);  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant U$5x#{AFp  
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    '************************************************************************* @K <Onh`  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens {H/%2  
    '************************************************************************* {|oWU8.l  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) u4hn9**a1  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic suQTi'K1  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost _S) K+C|@  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost K3mP6Z#2  
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    '************************************************************************* Gbhw7 (&  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) (wL$h5SG  
    '************************************************************************* hj1;f<' U  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) t0f7dU3e;L  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) +Kgl/Wg%  
    count = 0 V%4P.y  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count waMV6w)<  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ]?]M5rP  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _=0Ja S>M.  
            DeleteOperation eID,count !BVCuuM>w  
            count=count-1 >8/Otg+h  
        End If -G>J  
        count=count+1 bqH [-mu6  
    Wend %
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    'Set new z-shift rd&d~R6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;>2-  
    op.val1 = tlens K\ Wzh;  
    op.parent = parID 5 Y&`ZJ  
    AddOperation eID, op T"P}`mT  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 9
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    '************************************************************************* r??_2>Q  
    'Lens index of refraction O^\:J2I(  
    '************************************************************************* %( OP  [  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) AO`@&e]o  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat hbYstK;]Z  
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    mat.Nd = nlens :JSxsA6k  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 7[=G;2<  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens jS]Saqd  
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    '************************************************************************* !Fs$W  
    'Pupil diameter 5@l5exuG*m  
    '************************************************************************* -Y+pLvG*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ~ ?nn(Q-  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) `ZL^+h<b>M  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Otu?J_d3  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens w&YUb,{Y  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N^B7<~ bD  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) $MvKwQ/  
    count = 0 P4)Q5r  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5 `TMqrk  
        GetOperation eID, count, op f'ld6jt|%  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then VEa"^{,w  
            DeleteOperation eID,count &(<>} r  
            count=count-1 ]4B;M Ym*  
        End If t$qIJt$  
        count=count+1 #O_%!7M{4  
    Wend jhz*Y}MX  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" VS4Glx73  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Ib{#dhV  
    op.parent = parID CV HKP[-  
    AddOperation eID, op $-^&AKc  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam gHh(QRA  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description h7ZH/g$)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )
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    GetEntity eID, entity B!<B7Q  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 6t!=k6`1  
    SetEntity eID, entity v@G&";|  
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    Update ?v,c)  
    Print "DONE!" [ {"x{;  
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End Sub OS%[SHs  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： #Qg)4[pMJ  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters {pi_yr3  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 7gLk~*  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 3Yx'/=]  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 XU<owk  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ":e6s c
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 4T52vM  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 yS K81`  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ?.ObHV*k  
DONE! `B&E?x  
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