[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 KvJP(!{  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 h NOYFH  
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模型 YTjuSV  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 LYy:IBI7_  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. <#p|z`N  
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光源 gjegzKU  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 @2~O^5[>  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 af?\kBm  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 F%_,]^ n[  
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视网膜的散射 lGnql1(  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 emkMR
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ]EVe@  
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脚本 J+cAS/MYX  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： [aWDD[#j~  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 hP4)8>  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 '?`@7Eol  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ~`~%(DA=  
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脚本代码 ebO`A2V'(  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. o8};e  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY k%Ma4_Z  
Dim op As T_OPERATION q:2aPfo&  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL WbC0H78]  
Dim A As Double 7
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Dim pupilDiam As Double aDN6MZM  
Dim eID As Long LXh@o1  
Dim parID As Long hs!UX=x|  
Dim count As Integer |5}rX!wS4  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double JVUZ}#O  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double xZ.~:V03\t  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Q SHx]*)  
Dim ok As Long D4=..;  
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Sub Main /R
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    '用户输入对话框 ),nCq^Bp  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 W"b&M%y|  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 p@?7^nIR*u  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 b(PHZCy#  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 3bbp>7V!  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 dN$ 1$B^k  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 yCF"Z/.  
    End Dialog Z&+NmOY4  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ZdE>C  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) HG{&U:>)  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed X+]L-o6I2  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 7=7!| UV  
        End pY+.SuM  
    End If 'GEBxNH:  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty x4CtSGG85f  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then UJee&4C-y  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation |?OdV<5C  
    Else .dD9&n;#^  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) !GlnQ`T  
    End If OOEV-=  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then E:uRe
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Uj4Lu  
    Else u] F70C^~  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) qSFc=Wwc  
    End If XXa(305  
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    Print " " cvZni#o2)  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 6-mmi7IfO  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 6OfdD
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation -Qg 2qN2{  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness -'I _*fu  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 285
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens +O)]^"TG  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens T#\p%w9d  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens oS~}TR:}  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ;KZrl`  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation q.-y)C) ;  
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    '************************************************************************* G7 1U7  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) D,MyI#  
    '************************************************************************* I^WIa"u_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) UQ5BH%EPb  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity %PzQ\c  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;SfNKu  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z >[a FOA  
    count = 0 Q4X7Iu:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count hF2/ y.:P  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Am=wEu[b  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then x Y| yI>  
            DeleteOperation eID,count +L0J_.5%^  
            count=count-1 [#0Yt/G  
        End If +)gGs#2X  
        count=count+1 !(Q l)C  
    Wend \yM-O-{  
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    'Set new shift in -&imjy<  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?L=A2C\_-  
    op.val1 = taq ^OF5F8Tf/  
    op.parent = parID JX{KYU  
    AddOperation eID, op ~wTX>qV  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 GJX4KA8J  
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    '************************************************************************* yIOLs}!SF  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens h2% J/69  
    '************************************************************************* vXb:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) +jtA&1cf  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic rR]-
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant H>?F8R_iq  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant _9NVE|c;  
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    '************************************************************************* NY@"&p'Q  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ]NtSu%u  
    '************************************************************************* QsOhz  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) hq?jdNy :  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic W (`c  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost &8sV o@Pa  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 6 mO"  
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    '************************************************************************* ^uW%v2  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) '&by3y5w-3  
    '************************************************************************* TFy7HX
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 'S?;J ,/  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) zE`R,:VI  
    count = 0 8Mu;U3cIW  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count : ,p||_G&  
        GetOperation eID, count, op B!bsTvX  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then JRO$<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count t\r:E2 O  
            count=count-1 .#fPw_i  
        End If kZVm
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        count=count+1 i"HgvBHx  
    Wend We}lx{E  
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    'Set new z-shift Q>8pP\ho  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" aqMc6N`z  
    op.val1 = tlens $ [7 Vgs  
    op.parent = parID R#(G%66   
    AddOperation eID, op o2=A0ogz?  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens H{V)g  
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    '************************************************************************* +y&d;0!  
    'Lens index of refraction 8~ #M{}  
    '************************************************************************* @(:v_l  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ~ y;y(4<  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat pm USF #u  
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    mat.Nd = nlens nrpI5t.b  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 9vI]LfP  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 0mexF@  
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    '************************************************************************* NQ9Ojj{#  
    'Pupil diameter :gI.l1  
    '************************************************************************* {8@\Ij  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) }+RB=#~o  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 4tXSYHd3  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ?4[H]BK  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens dDtFx2(R  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) R1ktj  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) SwH2$:f  
    count = 0 #Hu~}zy  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count PlCc8Zy  
        GetOperation eID, count, op _:J*Cm[q  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then S>Z|)I  
            DeleteOperation eID,count v6uxxsI>Hm  
            count=count-1 )1F<6R  
        End If h`5)2n+P  
        count=count+1 I*\^,ow  
    Wend M>l^%`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" H?yE3w  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 2 x4=  
    op.parent = parID `v nJ4*  
    AddOperation eID, op SKXD^OH  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam oRq!=eUu_  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description xxa} YIe8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) qv+R:YYOq  
    GetEntity eID, entity rdJB*Rlkh  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" @"|i"Hk^  
    SetEntity eID, entity P7GRSjG  
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    Update rZwB>c  
    Print "DONE!" =_pwA:z"A  
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End Sub tRfm+hqRZ  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： :q+N&j'3  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters w+AuMc  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm #a9_
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 `M@Ak2gcR+  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 +,flE=5]s  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ?m"|QS!!K  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 7_\Mwy{P  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Y=B3q8l5  
Set pupil diameter = 4 `l]j#qshTm  
DONE! 9$l>\.6  
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