[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 (:4N#p  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 4RGEg;]S  
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模型 bx_`S#*N  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ~k'KS 7c  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. oJA%t-&%R  
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光源 ELZCrh6*  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 B"ZW.jMaI  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ;P3sDN
  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 F[BJhN*]a  
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视网膜的散射 #  -e  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 XkLl(uyh  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 \ 'G%%%;4  
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脚本 {>PN}fk2QP  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 2
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 5#3/  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 G- wQ weJ9  
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分析 F9@,T8I  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 nm5zX,  
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脚本代码 booth}M  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. S81Z\=eK  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY q/w<>u  
Dim op As T_OPERATION uTgBnv(Y*  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL aV"K%#N  
Dim A As Double NsDJq{  
Dim pupilDiam As Double hp=TWt~  
Dim eID As Long 3jR,lEJyj  
Dim parID As Long >fHg1d2-  
Dim count As Integer l}odW  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 'NCxVbyYD  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double q,6 y{RyS  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double W _j`'WN/  
Dim ok As Long dJID '2a  
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Sub Main uis;S)+  
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    '用户输入对话框 b[p<kMTir  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 94C)63V  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 *AX)QKQ@  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 U U!M/QJ  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 )P4#P2  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 rK&ofc]f$  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ;m6Mm`[i
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    End Dialog kB_uU !G  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog s!S,;H  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) obWBX'  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed L-ans2?  
        Print "Execution cancelled." /?X1>A:*  
        End uV1H iv-  
    End If E-h`lDoJ  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty QYDTb=h~  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Kp,}7%hDw!  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 1o)Vzv  
    Else |rJ_  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) *;A I0  
    End If e  iS~*@  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ^$3 ~;/|  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter PRmZ3  
    Else !1<x@%  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ]P/eg$u'I  
    End If G#V5E)Dx  
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    Print " " 7kpCBLM(}  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 1lRqjnzve&  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" N{n}]Js1D-  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation E\!:MCL  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness KLBV(`MS  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Sd'Meebu  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens lh
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens #$V`%2>  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens $hB;r  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 20g
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction =DT
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation u#=Yv|9  
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    '************************************************************************* p}uTqI  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) u&l2s&i  
    '************************************************************************* vj0`[X   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) {y0
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity #I9|>XE1  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (_]{[dFr%  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z :j$K.3n  
    count = 0 !7J;h{3Uw  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ]OY6.m  
        GetOperation eID, count, op g=; rM8W  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then yZ
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            DeleteOperation eID,count
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            count=count-1 <Xw 6m$fr:  
        End If en7i})v\".  
        count=count+1 "Gcr1$xG8!  
    Wend D+rDgrv  
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    'Set new shift in Fy-nV%P  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" d T/*O8  
    op.val1 = taq S|;a=K&hS  
    op.parent = parID #c4LdZu9  
    AddOperation eID, op ,IuO;UV#)  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 lsW.j#yE!  
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    '************************************************************************* [.<nt:  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 6N.mSnp  
    '************************************************************************* 7|zt'.56[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) M@!Gk  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic H*|Bukgt/M  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant |NtT-T)7  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant i#lvt#2J0  
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    '************************************************************************* SrK;b .  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ?-<t-3%hyV  
    '************************************************************************* ml=1R>#'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _1y|#o  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic w,8 M  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost hv*n";V   
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost /G[y 24 Q  
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    '************************************************************************* 9Lz)SYd  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) IvIBf2D;Q  
    '************************************************************************* /7S]%UY  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) k`)LO`))  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) \07Vh6cj  
    count = 0 r\],5x'xSu  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (/"T=`3t  
        GetOperation eID, count, op K1:F{*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then idO3/>R [  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 08k1 w,6W  
            count=count-1 .e.vh:Sz  
        End If I4|p;\`fK  
        count=count+1 ^fK8~g;rB  
    Wend u6r-{[W}  
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    'Set new z-shift MiRH i<g0  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 4vqu(w8 L  
    op.val1 = tlens DA@ { d-A  
    op.parent = parID 8QC:ro  
    AddOperation eID, op Cc Ni8Wg_  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ;o^m"I\y  
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    '************************************************************************* #i2q}/w5`C  
    'Lens index of refraction 3;:xEPb._6  
    '************************************************************************* =:"@YD^a4  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) KAsS= `  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat %< j=&  
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    mat.Nd = nlens H50nR$$<*Y  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat eazP'(rc  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens e:7aVOm  
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    '************************************************************************* }f-rWe{gs>  
    'Pupil diameter yp*kMC,3  
    '************************************************************************* Ue,"C
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) V|a59[y?  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) :sA-$*&x  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" in+`zfUJ9  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \pPq]k  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) O0$ijJa|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) wy-!1wd  
    count = 0 IS=)J( 0  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?5GjH~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3K0J6/mc  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then iTK1I0  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [FCNW0NV  
            count=count-1 _%L3?PpF"  
        End If 3=K-+dhk|t  
        count=count+1 A6U6SvM;  
    Wend 9a4RW}S<  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 4PF4#  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 X|q0m3jt  
    op.parent = parID ftH 0aI  
    AddOperation eID, op Sqge5v  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam q;AQ6k(  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 'V>+G>U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) OB^  
    GetEntity eID, entity bQeYFY#^  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" s3knh&'zb  
    SetEntity eID, entity .LS.Z 4@  
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    Update gSv<.fD"  
    Print "DONE!" l3MH+o  
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End Sub SwL\=nq+~  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： u4nXK <KL|  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters tvH)I px  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ]fc:CR  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 z>&D~0  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 tO0+~Wm  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 )- \w  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 gbh:Y}_FU  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 KWYG\#S0]  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ";xEuX  
DONE! j)0R*_-B[  
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