切换到宽版
  • 广告投放
  • 稿件投递
  • 繁體中文
    • 1697阅读
    • 0回复

    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

    上一主题 下一主题
    离线infotek
     
    发帖
    6569
    光币
    26994
    光券
    0
    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 uX 5B>32  
    mjJlXA  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 qb/!;U_  
    O8}s*}]  
    模型 %li{VDb  
    r -DD*'R  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 dodz|5o%  
    BqJrL/(  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    (TK cSVR  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. \V7x3*nA  
    p<.!::*%(  
    光源 )pj \b[  
    m>m`aLrnb  
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 tbt9V2U:"n  
    ^{,}, i  
    Y-9j2.{  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    cyn]>1ZM  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 @!tmUme1c  
    &5CeRx7%  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 w@D@,q'x  
    :=KGQ3V~eK  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 t5[JN:an  
    2yg'?tpj  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
    fN/KXdAy&  
    视网膜的散射 .oOt(K +  
    R(#;yn  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 nFOG=>c}  
    mTu9'/$(  
    m=b+V#4i(  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    206jeH9  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 #k]0[;1os  
    B,qZwc|  
    S`PSFetC  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    }C1}T}U  
    脚本 w4/)r-Z4I  
    {;gWn' aq  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ph.:~n>z  
    0md{e`'q:  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    *8HxJ+[,[  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    w9}IM149  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 n_ gB#L$  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 @)Y7GM+^  
    Cd*C^cJU&z  
    分析 @k;3$  
    .Zm }  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Xm+3`$<  
    Y'":OW#oN  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    c_=zd6 b$S  
    脚本代码 &cejy>K  
    0|k[Wha#  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. "TCbO`mg  
    U9%nku4  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY s_+XSH[=f  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION >}tG^)os  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL \M^4DdAy  
    Dim A As Double BAed [  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double rx) Q]  
    Dim eID As Long SQvB)NOw  
    Dim parID As Long ]zAg6*-/B  
    Dim count As Integer gpl!Iz~5  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double vUExS Z^  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double /v<8x?=  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double @AyW9!vV;3  
    Dim ok As Long 6!m#_z8qG3  
    Jk{2!uP  
    Sub Main .;Yei6H  
    09i[2n;O  
        '用户输入对话框 NX/)Z&Fx:  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @K> Pw arl  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 %^A++Z$`  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ~Dh}E9E:  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 nr6U> KR^  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 2?&ptN) `N  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 xrd ^vE  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 J?DyTs3 Z  
        End Dialog )^3655mb  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog A>S2BL#=  
    2sq<"TlQXI  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) breVTY7 S  
    6f1Y:qK'@  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed cVi CWc2  
            Print "Execution cancelled." VNfx>&`  
            End ax}Xsk_  
        End If g_=ZcGC  
    Cl=ExpX/O  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty SesO$=y  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then W;yZ$k#q}(  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation xEqrs6sR  
        Else ^4i3#}  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) S d -+a  
        End If b9jm= U  
    cQb%bmBc5  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then /GNYv*  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter zc5_;!t  
        Else =0|evC  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) l1-FL-1  
        End If ggWfk  
    ;anG F0x  
        Print " " >Li?@+Zl  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" '-qc \6UY  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" C7:Ry)8'I  
    ~I74'  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation X8TZePh  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness xR3A4m  
    4v7RX  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 9IMcp~zX  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens $fO*229As  
    c{q`uI;O  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Ek6W:Q:@  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Dc2eY.  
    oB@C-(M  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness VdgPb (  
    hJM0A3(Cm  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction wH.'EC  
    9#7z jrB  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation >F v8 -  
    6fiJ' j@  
        '************************************************************************* kp|reKM/  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) -1:asM7  
        '************************************************************************* %K4-V5f  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) C}Q2UK-:  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity qZ.\GHS  
    L $~Id  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [%pZM.jFO  
    ]SI`fja/  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z bYfcn]N  
        count = 0 Syb:i(Y  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count idq= US  
            GetOperation eID, count, op TV}SKvu  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then pWqahrWh  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ~F-,Q_|-  
                count=count-1 rm7UFMCR6i  
            End If xnTky1zq  
            count=count+1 s] qfLC  
        Wend Wil +"[Ge  
    n9%rjS$  
        'Set new shift in rBL)ct  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~H.;pJ{ 8  
        op.val1 = taq h ? M0@Z  
        op.parent = parID u|C9[(  
        AddOperation eID, op 7%tn+  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ]KmYPrCl0  
    NTC,Vr\A  
        '************************************************************************* z'm;H{xf  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens bF.Aj8ZQ  
        '************************************************************************* k`d  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) A8?>V%b[Y  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >HDK< 1>  
    eP)RP6ON{  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant |7argk+  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant vc<8ApK3V  
    9 }=Fdt  
        '************************************************************************* eNNK;xXe#  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Je/R'QP^8  
        '************************************************************************* /#a$4 }2L  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) <D__17W:;  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic h(9K7  
    <K43f#%  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost > ,[(icyzn  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost T|u)5ww%  
    }\@*A1*X2  
        '************************************************************************* "}n]0 >J  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) m4EkL  
        '************************************************************************* 5b&'gd^d  
    TCVJ[LbJ  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) \oi=fu=}*  
    yk=H@`~!  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) pCq{F*;  
        count = 0 vm(% u!_P  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count milU,!7J  
            GetOperation eID, count, op .e6:/x~p*  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]!/1qF  
                DeleteOperation eID,count mGIS[_dcs  
                count=count-1 Zffzyh  
            End If H*Yy o ?  
            count=count+1 {h2D}F  
        Wend _^KD&t%!+y  
    ^P[-HA|  
        'Set new z-shift VL\6U05Z  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" qLR)>$  
        op.val1 = tlens yPL@uCzA@  
        op.parent = parID kWgxswl7H  
        AddOperation eID, op NEX\+dtE~0  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens v8LKv`I's  
    mF "ctxE  
        '************************************************************************* B$fL);l-  
        'Lens index of refraction $ED<:[3N  
        '************************************************************************* +Ta7b)  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) wqw$6"~  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat -Z  @cj  
    oM< 9]jK}  
        mat.Nd = nlens X@ TQD  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat n#4Ra+dD  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens BsxQW`>^y  
    *r%=p/oQ}B  
        '************************************************************************* (|S e+Y#e,  
        'Pupil diameter 'E6)6N  
        '************************************************************************* E}~ GXG  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ^)X^Pcx  
    KX{S8_  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) <CeDIX t  
    ZMbv1*Vt  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" (}'0K?  
    pZXva9bE  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens `/"TYR%  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6%:N^B=%}  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) z55P~p  
        count = 0 wL~ dZ! ,J  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count p!173y,nL  
            GetOperation eID, count, op NKO5c?ds  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then r6"t`M  
                DeleteOperation eID,count H$Q_K<V  
                count=count-1 9"&HxyOfX  
            End If Tf` ~=fg%  
            count=count+1 7GpSWM6  
        Wend y;uk|#qnPS  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" [5>0om5  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 `*N2x\+X  
        op.parent = parID !x[ +rf  
        AddOperation eID, op 9^XT,2Wwf  
    YYN= `ST  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam dKhDO`.s  
    {R\"x|  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description "QA!z\0\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) AfyEFnY  
        GetEntity eID, entity 0Bb amU  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" s<tdn[d  
        SetEntity eID, entity >{V]q*[/;Q  
    n hS=t8H  
        Update VcA87*pel  
        Print "DONE!" yPKeatH]  
          ^~?VD  
    End Sub .pK_j~}P  
    q8`JRmt)H  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: \ c9EE-  
    MYDAS-  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters [.;VCk)0x  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm %\2 ll=p1  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 }"E?#&^  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Ub%5# <k|-  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 zq8LQ4@ay  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ?FxxH*>"  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 BNnGtVAbZ  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ,a_\o&V  
    DONE! H4MFTnJ{  
    hVd% jU:  
    fMy7pXa_  
    QQ:2987619807 )L<NW{  
     
    分享到