[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 LZbHK.G=  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 xF>w r r  
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模型 ?#y<^oNM  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 'GO..m"G  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ;+Kewi;<  
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光源 M@86u^80  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 cG"<*Xi<  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ]lG\t'R
 
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视网膜的散射 Hx0,kOh)  

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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 7ZnQ] ?  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ^>28>!"1  
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脚本 2DQC)Pe+z  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： _n g
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ;VBfzFH  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 /L Tyiiz6  
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分析 VlNzm  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Xy<KvFy  
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脚本代码 Zt=X %M|aw  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. &6EfybAt^_  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY y}`%I&]n  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Ymvd=F   
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL bhYaG i0  
Dim A As Double \ed(<e>  
Dim pupilDiam As Double *k$&Hcr$  
Dim eID As Long OR{"9)I  
Dim parID As Long pn|{P<b\  
Dim count As Integer =
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ?H?r!
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double S3fBZIPp  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double G_]mNh  
Dim ok As Long WGn1pW  
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Sub Main F6/
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    '用户输入对话框 |<$O5b'  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 j!rz@Y3  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 *PPFk.#x  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 f*Bc`+G  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 w@We,FUJN  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Y._AzJ&B[  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 /2q%'"x(  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 <^paRKEa+#  
    End Dialog <s>SnOD  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog CqV \:50g  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) {`> x"Y5  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed LTHS&3%2  
        Print "Execution cancelled." i%2K%5{)$D  
        End COafVlJ,l  
    End If Tj:F Qnx  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty JI(|sAH  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then [cq>QMW  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation uwJkqlUOz  
    Else <U*d   
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) lk|/N^8M  
    End If E J1:N*BA  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then #]2u!ama  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter uJizR F  
    Else CAO$Zt  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) k?,g:[4!  
    End If sQw-#f7t  
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    Print " " Uka4iya  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" l:+1j{ d7  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" :>=,sLfJ  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation [}D)73h`  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness bc-"If Z&  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens EifY
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens %{Gqhb=u\  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Vufw:}i+^  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens !?96P|G  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness HDYf^mcW  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction m(Oup=\%b}  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation H={,zZ11{  
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    '************************************************************************* V+Z22  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) kDrGl{U}  
    '************************************************************************* 1{*x+GC^/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) =vWnqF:  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity F#hM S<  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *+G K?Ga  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 
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    count = 0 W$y?~2  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count S"dQ@r9  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 5v]x
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2b<0g@~X  
            DeleteOperation eID,count V1+IqOXAIp  
            count=count-1 +1rJ;G  
        End If g$+3IVq&  
        count=count+1 E'C[+iK6,  
    Wend (mzyA%;W  
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    'Set new shift in }.
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,yC~{H  
    op.val1 = taq rkD(KG9E  
    op.parent = parID te`4*t  
    AddOperation eID, op pG (8VteH  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 - na]P3 s  
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    '************************************************************************* }"szL=s  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ^t| %!r G  
    '************************************************************************* I;No++N0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ;gF"o5/Q  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic aW"BN 5eM>  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant bv+PbK]iO  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant \d6A<(!=v  
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    '************************************************************************* P\Ka'i  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens (|WqOwmoUt  
    '************************************************************************* 2JbCYCTC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 6pH.sX$!_  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (h E^<jNR  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost U+\\#5$  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost J~~WV<6  
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    '************************************************************************* lwV#j}G  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \E n^Vf  
    '************************************************************************* /m%;wH|6%  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (u~@@d"  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Z/%>/  
    count = 0 &n['#7 <(!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lLnD%*03  
        GetOperation eID, count, op I
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Zb@PwH4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count fi1tF/`  
            count=count-1 {`{U\w5Af  
        End If Z5v\[i
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        count=count+1 |A"zxNeS"  
    Wend emTqbO  
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    'Set new z-shift ]c*&5c$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" *S7<QyVh  
    op.val1 = tlens U1I2+;"#A  
    op.parent = parID W<\KRF$S;  
    AddOperation eID, op F6yMk%  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 3~Ah8
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    '************************************************************************* iOw'NxmY  
    'Lens index of refraction :Oxrw5`=  
    '************************************************************************* 4v Ug:'DM  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ?8pRRzV$  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat J#MUtpPdQ  
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    mat.Nd = nlens uq'T:
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat H}`}qu #~V  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens N_wB  
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    '************************************************************************* r"c<15g2'  
    'Pupil diameter 6VW&An[6r  
    '************************************************************************* ~8Z)e7j  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) xzh`q  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) mqQN*.8*  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 4'[/gMUkw  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens }Dp/K4  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) CKCot  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) jhg0H2C8  
    count = 0 /GRkQ",  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count FbhF45H  
        GetOperation eID, count, op |U)M.\h  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then t[VA|1gG  
            DeleteOperation eID,count =)!sWY:  
            count=count-1 z&Cz!HrS  
        End If vL}e1V:  
        count=count+1 '>4H#tu  
    Wend o!bV;]  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;<hLy(@  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 sN"<baZ  
    op.parent = parID U4M}E h8  
    AddOperation eID, op HHzAmHt  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam it77x3Mm F  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Y`3V&8X  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) wl7G6Y2  
    GetEntity eID, entity ZMEU4?F  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" n<3qr}ZG^  
    SetEntity eID, entity d;@"Naw  
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    Update B63puX{u#  
    Print "DONE!" xl>8B/Zmf#  
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End Sub O3 NI  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： }JI
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters e|> 5 R  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 7bSj[kuN  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Vq$8!#~w  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 X)Zc*9XA  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 mUA!GzJ~u-  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Y<qWG8X  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Zo`_vx/{j  
Set pupil diameter = 4 FJQ=611@  
DONE! pT|l"q@  
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