[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 JxQwxey{  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 #e%.z+7I  

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模型 PiB)pUYj  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 QnxkD)f*0  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. cFLu+4.jsG  
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光源 "sFdr
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ;J\{r$q  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 We#*.nr{3Z  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 >/n5=RWh  
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视网膜的散射 LWbWj ^  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 w& RpQcV  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 <O$'3_S"D  
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脚本 l^`!:BOtR  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： -I=}SZ  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 `ss]\46>  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 6%S>~L66  
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分析 c<&+[{|  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 |P?8<8p  
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脚本代码 h]EXD  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. #gN{8Yk>  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY VDnAQ[T@d  
Dim op As T_OPERATION KktTR`W  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL #-lk=>  
Dim A As Double wFqz.HoB  
Dim pupilDiam As Double *fd` .}  
Dim eID As Long M.OWw#?p:_  
Dim parID As Long jilO%  "  
Dim count As Integer rkD4}jV  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double t*}<v@,  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double [2\`Wh:%P  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double T@Q<oNU  
Dim ok As Long :m$%D]WY  
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Sub Main ]`4QJ;#  
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    '用户输入对话框 uk'<9g^  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 2!6Kzq  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 "  c  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 to?"{  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 e1/|PgT(KM  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Ow^%n(Ezh  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 '\_)\`a|  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 i{e<kKh  
    End Dialog rRt<kTk!U  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog W@S9}+wl*  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) [c
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed h=U 4  
        Print "Execution cancelled." *xjIl<`pK  
        End JWdG?[$  
    End If 5g5pzww  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty h n]6he  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then U&/S  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation $?GO|.59  
    Else }N|/
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) >5gzo6j/  
    End If X'F$K!o*,:  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then "nefRz%j+  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter )/pPY  
    Else }wb;ulN)  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) DtN6.9H2`  
    End If E<4}mSn)  
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    Print " " |S}*
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" $G}Q}f  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >k#aB.6  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ujh4cp  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ~zX5}U<R  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 'ng/A4  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens od fu7P_  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens igL^k`&5^"  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens CUG<v3\  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness u^uG_^^,
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction # 0(\s@r.  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation [<;2C  
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    '************************************************************************* /km3L7L%R  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens)  f#nmr5F  
    '************************************************************************* HXQrtJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) jY.%~Y1y  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity i5"q1dRQ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) QMY4%uyY!  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z IA4(^-9  
    count = 0 (jG$M=q-  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count F)w83[5_d  
        GetOperation eID, count, op hH/O2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then
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            DeleteOperation eID,count :JIPF=]fc  
            count=count-1 g-}sVvM  
        End If 9R[','x  
        count=count+1 ;p ('cwU%  
    Wend ZM?r1Z4  
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    'Set new shift in NZ5~\k  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" WXU6J?tIm  
    op.val1 = taq {LDb*'5Cy  
    op.parent = parID QR'g*Bro  
    AddOperation eID, op pH[lj8S  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55
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    '************************************************************************* gEsR-A!m  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens r|@?v,  
    '************************************************************************* Ke'2"VkQt  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 3(&F.&C$$  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic M(uB ;Te  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant yFo5pKF.J  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant PEIr-qs%D  
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    '************************************************************************* 1_C6
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens j.}V~Sp*  
    '************************************************************************* "r"An"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) $"{3i8$3mT  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic =[+&({  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost F4%[R)  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost z]AS@}wWqg  
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    '************************************************************************* pNFIO t:(  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) <1BK5%?  
    '************************************************************************* Z-a(3&  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) vP?S0>gh  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 66^t[[  
    count = 0 s.)w A`&&  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count z{L;)U B^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op nF$)F?||  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then b.*4RL  
            DeleteOperation eID,count E}/|Lja  
            count=count-1 [frD L)  
        End If
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        count=count+1 5q`)jd!*)  
    Wend
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    'Set new z-shift 2{I
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /,Id_TTCO  
    op.val1 = tlens %
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    op.parent = parID G%R`)Z]8&  
    AddOperation eID, op Bjj^!T/#  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens L6=RD<~C  
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    '************************************************************************* r~_ /Jj  
    'Lens index of refraction +STzG/9#  
    '************************************************************************* kQlcT"R  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) hg'!
  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat l]y%cJ~$'D  
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    mat.Nd = nlens }QW~.>`  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat bvS\P!m\c  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ]mo<qWRc>p  
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    '************************************************************************* pbxcsA\  
    'Pupil diameter (G%gVk]  
    '************************************************************************* ~.`r(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) x0$:"68PW  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Le:mMd= G  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" vP)~j1  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 4?M3#],'h  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) )
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) (DP9& b  
    count = 0 )r,R!8  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count rIfGmh%H  
        GetOperation eID, count, op a;T[%'in  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 64rk^Um  
            DeleteOperation eID,count "M0l;  
            count=count-1 #L= eK8^e  
        End If KM(9&1/  
        count=count+1 9.OwH(Ax7  
    Wend z/&a\`DsU  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" EQOP?>mWx!  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 4FE@s0M,  
    op.parent = parID t:sq*d  
    AddOperation eID, op =*:_swd  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam v;}`?@G  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description pH l2!{z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) KPd C9H  
    GetEntity eID, entity pvQK6r  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" hd ;S>K/C  
    SetEntity eID, entity j484b2uj1  
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    Update fQy C6C  
    Print "DONE!" P:, x?T?J^  
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End Sub }Wche/g`  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： R~5*#r@f  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters hn\Q6f+  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm O][Nl^dl  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 3AQ>>)T~  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 oTD-+MZn  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 2 ssj(Qo  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 5+/b$mHZX
 
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 'Ywpdzz[  
Set pupil diameter = 4 .F$|j1y  
DONE! uGUv~bE  
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