[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 <*JFY%y"  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 GuK3EM*_  
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模型 1lo.X_  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 &Va="HNKt  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. }NjZfBQW`  
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光源 ;w/@_!~  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 -pmb-#`M  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 .;rE4B  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 :FTx#cZ  
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视网膜的散射 M*!WXQlud  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 }y%c.  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 cY5w,.Q/!  
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脚本 lihIPMU  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： w73?E#8  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 O8OAXRt/Y  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 7nm'v'\u+V  
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分析 KomMzG:  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 2E8G5?qe)  
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脚本代码 Ngj&1Ta&[  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. *`} !{ Mb  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY -woFKAy`  
Dim op As T_OPERATION zYrJHn#vB  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL [^Bjmw[7  
Dim A As Double M^*\$K%  
Dim pupilDiam As Double d~AL4~}  
Dim eID As Long p}3` "L=  
Dim parID As Long Uks%Mo9on  
Dim count As Integer [YP{%1*RM  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 55'  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double HKr}"`I.  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double -)Bvx>8fq-  
Dim ok As Long T/A2Y+@N;  
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Sub Main r<'DS9m  
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    '用户输入对话框 :hT.L3n,  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 J/fnSy  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 c7~R0nP  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 F^$;hMh%  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 IITUM)  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 a2Nxpxho  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 |_+#&x  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 T60pw  
    End Dialog Q-<Qm?  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog F~i ~%f,  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) e pp04~  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed #CPLvg#  
        Print "Execution cancelled." >s
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        End &e6UEG  
    End If rf-yUH]&S  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Xp_m=QQsm  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then i(pHJP:a:  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation [al$sCD]+  
    Else {aNpk,n  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) S :8  
    End If I ^m  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then yhYF "~CM  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ,% QhS5e  
    Else Nf^<pT[*  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2)
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    End If (w#t V*  
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    Print " " =qc+sMo  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" BO#tn{(#  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" y/y~<-|<@  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 4")`}T  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness h Fik>B#!  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens &n )MGg1%  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Go)g}#.&  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ,bXZ<RY$  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens F^'$%XKV  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness y7M{L8{0  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction iW^J>aKy
 
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation xsB0LUt  
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    '************************************************************************* itP`{[  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ;o3gR4u_L  
    '************************************************************************* .a]#AFX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) q9_$&9  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 1*9.K'
 
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \O;2^  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 8s$6R|ti  
    count = 0 +q}t%K5  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @wgd 3BU  
        GetOperation eID, count, op PQkw)D<n]_  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )Q'E^[Ua  
            DeleteOperation eID,count \~ChbPnc  
            count=count-1 Fs(PVN  
        End If Sy|GM~  
        count=count+1 WJOoDS!i  
    Wend QM F 
 
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    'Set new shift in +T$Olz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _ \6v
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    op.val1 = taq b$7]cE  
    op.parent = parID gHLI>ew*QR  
    AddOperation eID, op <ToBVGX  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 FKTF?4+\U  
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    '************************************************************************* 3T)rJEN A  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens .how@>:P+  
    '************************************************************************* 8u+kA mI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) x3=1/#9  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic L'e^D|  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant '\I(n|\  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant {h@\C|nF  
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    '************************************************************************* yV!4Im.>  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens [34N/;5  
    '************************************************************************* #[#evlr=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) dtC@cK/,D  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic HU $"o6ap  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost sgp.;h'  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ?8-!hU@QC  
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    '************************************************************************* Plp.\N%f3  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) J,y
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    '************************************************************************* ={O ~  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ( 2HM"Pd  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 2!^=G=H/  
    count = 0 b_31\  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count x%}D+2ro-t  
        GetOperation eID, count, op *p}mn
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then fHup&|.  
            DeleteOperation eID,count zeHF-_{  
            count=count-1 lGd'_~'=  
        End If 7AV{ h[J  
        count=count+1 <k:I2LF_  
    Wend  + Q-b}  
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    'Set new z-shift *,\"}x*  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" !g
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    op.val1 = tlens VL9wRu;  
    op.parent = parID ^c\O,*:  
    AddOperation eID, op }%_|k^t  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens NKO"'
   
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    '************************************************************************* ?F"o+]i+^  
    'Lens index of refraction ,9P-<P  
    '************************************************************************* SyvoN,;Q  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Bu{Kjv  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat M~:_^B  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 9F/I",EA  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat b(*\4n  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens J2=4%#R!  
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    '************************************************************************* \;{ ]YX  
    'Pupil diameter b>07t!;  
    '************************************************************************* 3B1\-ry1M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) / FcRp,"  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) yLa@27T\A  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ,;g%/6X  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens fkxkf^g)  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) LZykc c9g  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) hFIh<m=C?Y  
    count = 0 Lw>B:3e  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count {iD/0q  
        GetOperation eID, count, op V?{d<Ng~J  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #1<m\z7l  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7V"?o  
            count=count-1 gu k,GF9p]  
        End If fs!dI  
        count=count+1 Vebv!  
    Wend $BwWQ?lp  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" %N8I'*u  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 P#O"{+`  
    op.parent = parID )4g_S?l=  
    AddOperation eID, op 6FB0g8  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam qez
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 7'\.QJ!<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t!?`2Z5  
    GetEntity eID, entity kF|$oBQ  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Px_8lB/;  
    SetEntity eID, entity n`5Nf  

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    Update Ic/hVKYG5  
    Print "DONE!" j\uZo.Ot+  
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End Sub ?@"@9na  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： V;SfW2`)  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters gfL:SP8  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm P y'BMk  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 j7P49{  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 uX7L1~s-  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 <-`bWz=+  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 a ,mgM&yD  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ~?/7:S  
Set pupil diameter = 4 7F"ljkN1S  
DONE! ().C
  
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