[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 !bX   
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 w`/~y   
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模型 9`&sZ|"3  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 16~5;u  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. @JJ{\?>  
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光源 Ga <=Di):  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 GN+,9  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 83)m#  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 b: I0Zv6  
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视网膜的散射 :vFYqoCn  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 PaDm"+H@  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 9G[t &r  
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脚本 dZCjg0cx  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： &sJ6k/l  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 }e>OmfxDBt  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 *M6j)jqV  
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分析 Ed#Hilk'  

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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c$;Cpt@-j  
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脚本代码 CI|#,^  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 85:mh\@-G  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY .6iJ:A6T  
Dim op As T_OPERATION `I(5Aj"  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL -[z1r)RZ  
Dim A As Double C]krJse@  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 8?hj}}H  
Dim eID As Long #*+$
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Dim parID As Long  &/)To  
Dim count As Integer Ge*N%=MX8  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double y# IUDnRJ  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Bdib)t[
 
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double U;Yw\&R,  
Dim ok As Long xv_Z$&9e>l  
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Sub Main d.y-R#F_]  
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    '用户输入对话框 ~mT([V  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ]!WD">d:  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 iMF-TR  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 2&2t8.<  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 2))pB/  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 is{H
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 bG]?AiWr  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 !Ic~_7"  
    End Dialog LP}'upv  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog o^x,JT  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) &hIr@Gi@ch  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Jwbb>mB!  
        Print "Execution cancelled." b2hXFwPe  
        End C=DC g  
    End If mzn#4;m$  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ]KQBek#DD  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ifadnl26 s  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation bqQR";  
    Else .QDeS|l  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 3Sn# M{wH  
    End If Mu$"fYKf"  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then (6i.>%|_  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter =gO4B-[  
    Else knRs{1}Pw{  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) dz)(~@tgz  
    End If !InC8+be  
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    Print " " CD)JCv  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Uq(fk9`6  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" }i9VV+L#1  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation \C"hL(4-  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness p

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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens *NoixV1>  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens )_1;mc8B  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Url8&.pw  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens = Tq\Ag:  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness (A~w IKY,  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction f SMy?8  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation vm8ER,IW)  
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    '************************************************************************* cA B<'44R  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) `4a9<bG  
    '************************************************************************* ^NFL3v8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) uQz!of%x  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 6~a4-5;>z  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) HEe_K!_  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z `5MK(K :  
    count = 0 |L(h+/>aWX  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count sQLjb8!7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &Yd6w}8  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then vg*~t3{L  
            DeleteOperation eID,count \ 9#X]H  
            count=count-1 ?~tx@k$;Es  
        End If ?I;PJj  
        count=count+1 5a2+6N  
    Wend 8T3Nz8Q7  
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    'Set new shift in &L r~x#Wx  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" .FA99|:  
    op.val1 = taq gm7 [m}  
    op.parent = parID ? w@)3Z=u  
    AddOperation eID, op R#HX}[Hb  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ricL.[v9S  
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    '************************************************************************* -b=Aj8h  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens t
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    '************************************************************************* Sn[/'V^$a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) @oQ"FLF.  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic a.fdCI]%  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Xx ou1l!  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Qn)AS1pL+  
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    '************************************************************************* $ U-#woXa  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Mt&n|']`8  
    '************************************************************************* 5.QY{+k  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) nRs:^Q~o  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic VUZeC,FfO  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost q$'[&&_  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost L$v<t/W  
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    '************************************************************************* I6PReVIb  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) #{@qC2!2/  
    '************************************************************************* =A(
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) lgZ9*@d  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ')/w+|F  
    count = 0 2*a9mi  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count mP's4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op _9q byhS7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2/\I/QkTs  
            DeleteOperation eID,count HMDuP2Y  
            count=count-1 0.2stBw  
        End If h6n!"z8H  
        count=count+1 ]c bXI  
    Wend .`(YCn?\  
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    'Set new z-shift Q<KF<K'0hg  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" f4&;l|R0a  
    op.val1 = tlens ?FwHqyFVlQ  
    op.parent = parID GVfRy@7n  
    AddOperation eID, op %e)?Mem  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Ya(3Z_f+VZ  
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    '************************************************************************* <":83RCS  
    'Lens index of refraction 8kvA^r`  
    '************************************************************************* fxmY,{{  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 6ND*L
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1Zi` \N4T  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Ql9>i;AGV  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat @"wX#ot  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 7U^{xDg.b  
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    '************************************************************************* Q)lD2  
    'Pupil diameter Z  
    '************************************************************************* lCBH3-0^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) e+:X%a4\  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) U"oHPK3"TA  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" b80&${v  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Z^=(9:  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3\{\ al   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) pp(?rE$S  
    count = 0 o*2Mjd]r  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \(;u
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        GetOperation eID, count, op ` N R,8F  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then S%B56|'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count B-$zioZ  
            count=count-1 E9Dy)f]#W  
        End If E1dhj3+3  
        count=count+1 9W_mSum
 
    Wend w4_Xby)  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7=Pj}x)  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 BUV4L5(  
    op.parent = parID 3<N2ehi?  
    AddOperation eID, op 2oOos%0  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 3x7fa^umR  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Sw$/Z)1K&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /q,=!&f2  
    GetEntity eID, entity ;b. m X  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" cLvnLaA}  
    SetEntity eID, entity <|]i3_Z  
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    Update q/Ji}NGm  
    Print "DONE!" ~D`R"vzw=  
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End Sub %s
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： .Cs'@[Ciy  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 3)9e-@  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm <
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 7GG`9!l]D  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 8 nqF i  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 9`5.0**  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 v6|[p  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 59v=\; UI  
Set pupil diameter = 4 "Mv^S
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DONE! -*hPEgcV9  
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