[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 cu?(P;mQi  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 &E riskI  
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模型 s [F' h-y  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 tZCe?n]  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. &qP-x98E?  
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光源 {3(.c, q@  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 [H%?jTQ  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ]z=Vc#+!  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 %SO%{.}Zf  
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视网膜的散射 _RL-6jw#o  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 1H4Zgh U
 
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 l \^nC2  
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脚本 LJ(n?/z%  

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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： y /:T(tk$  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 4
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ljJz#+H2_  
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分析 ytve1<.Ff  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Y <Znv%M  
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脚本代码 D=~B7b:  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. zd9]qo  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Aa`MK$29F  
Dim op As T_OPERATION wt}%2x} x  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL l7'{OB L  
Dim A As Double v:"m  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ~n/Aq*  
Dim eID As Long 3Rd`Ysp  
Dim parID As Long {M@@)27gW  
Dim count As Integer _;e!ZZLG  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ^S#\O>GHP  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double W{A #]r l  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 8Z dUPW\e  
Dim ok As Long }. xrJ52Tz  
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Sub Main z+k=|RMau  
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    '用户输入对话框 -SvTg{Q{la  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Qsg/V]  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 l`b1%0y  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 \TbsoWX  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 }Kj Ju;  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 .kc"E  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 P{S\pWZkk  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 _~;&)cn,0  
    End Dialog AfRW=&xdT  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog SE^j=1  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) x6^l6N  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed =`Po<7D  
        Print "Execution cancelled." C,A!tj7@  
        End ~+N76BX  
    End If (*6m^  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty UvxSMD:A  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then >ZT& `E  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation u5w&X8x  
    Else wG1y,u'  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) :)#hrFp  
    End If 7qe7Fl3  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then e>l,(ql  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter E *F*nd]K  
    Else AGOx@;w  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) VF)uu[ f9  
    End If RU2c*q$^X  

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    Print " " EgTFwEj  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" (1CJw:  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 8|O=/m^]  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation d%0+i/p  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness B?LXI3sQZ  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ><;Q@u5~  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens NYBe"/}GS  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 57~Uqt  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens (}Sr08m  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness -hWC_X:9jP  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction V!4a*,Pz  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation YOyp|%!  
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    '************************************************************************* -ynBi;nH
 
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) +\0T\;-Xe  
    '************************************************************************* $r\"6e  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) G"T\=cQz  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity B5ea(j  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -DP*q3  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z X\Y}oa."A  
    count = 0 i|]7(z#OyI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count s)zJT  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \M{[f=6llh  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then OfTfNhpK  
            DeleteOperation eID,count a?F!,=F  
            count=count-1 tdep|sD  
        End If zI^]esX!2_  
        count=count+1 )I`if(fG  
    Wend [:h5}  
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    'Set new shift in mT@nn,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,:)`+v<  
    op.val1 = taq C&+6>L@  
    op.parent = parID xCXQ<77  
    AddOperation eID, op +5!&E7bcd  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Qd]we$G  
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    '************************************************************************* s$w;q\1z  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 3BdX  
    '************************************************************************* }rq9I"/L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) vDFGd-S  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic tF7hFL5f  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant :>+\17tx  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant iafE5b)
 
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    '************************************************************************* 8R/dA<Ww  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens w_hHfZ9E  
    '************************************************************************* u 8^{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) /3!
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic NX[4PKJ0C  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost M}O}:1Par  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost @n-r
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    '************************************************************************* -0Cnp/Yj@  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) :o46rBs  
    '************************************************************************* g%nl!dgS  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) i/H+xrCK  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) A\fb<  
    count = 0 bq>_qpr  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -VxDNT}Tr  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Djq!P  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then wE]K~y!`  
            DeleteOperation eID,count TX=yPq  
            count=count-1 A A^{B  
        End If (wRgus  
        count=count+1 \xv;sl$f  
    Wend qpIC{'A.  
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    'Set new z-shift F$BbYf2i  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" >-8cU_m7s  
    op.val1 = tlens aJ Z"D8C  
    op.parent = parID #>lG7Ns|4  
    AddOperation eID, op rf~Y
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Ae]sGU|?'  
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    '************************************************************************* 7lV.[&aKW  
    'Lens index of refraction I$q]. B  
    '************************************************************************* wX >*H  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) I9h ?;(  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat @,Gxk   
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    mat.Nd = nlens A,  3bC  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ls@i".[  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens wO?{?+I`q  
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    '************************************************************************* Mmpfto%i  
    'Pupil diameter ~ab:/!Z  
    '************************************************************************* vz.>~HBP  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) RuII!
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Cj~'Lhmv'T  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Tg!m`9s+  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens /c uLc^(X  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :oJ=iB'Zc  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) lOtDqb&  
    count = 0 *G* k6.9W!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count D$t k<{)oB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op vZ.x{
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then n{6G"t:^l  
            DeleteOperation eID,count CrwwU7qKL  
            count=count-1 BNL;Biyt7  
        End If E?_Z`*h  
        count=count+1 |PC*=ykT3  
    Wend |yx6X{$k  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" xlQBe-Wg  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 YW7b)uYf  
    op.parent = parID tQS5hwm*  
    AddOperation eID, op Q%xC}||1s"  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam O)[1x4U  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description B)0i:"q  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 30SW\@  
    GetEntity eID, entity 4O35"1  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" yU9DSY\m{  
    SetEntity eID, entity ax(c#
 
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    Update HS
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    Print "DONE!" 9jw\s P@  
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End Sub u:=7l  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： )c)vTZy  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters XCBL}pNkR  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm "g1)f"pL  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 O6
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 7eAX*Kgt<_  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Fvbh\m ~  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 v_DedVhe  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 / G7vwC  
Set pupil diameter = 4 s+<Yg
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DONE! :51/29}  
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