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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 0[uOKFgE  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 c\szy&W  
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    模型 I+^iOa  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 % bdBg  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. :To{&T  
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    光源 Y>2#9LA  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 oj?y_0}:^  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 [oXr6M:  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 W=HHTvK9Hh  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 o~xGE6A*"  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 ='e_9b\K  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Cnu])R  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 S%G&{5  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 d7Cs a c  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ?ZhBS3L  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 kexvE 3  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 KfC{/J\   
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    分析 zSOZr2- ^a  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 R_:lp\S&  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 fQw=z$  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. j97K\]tQ  
    .\ vrBf  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Pvm pWa  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 2c*}1 _  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL QZL,zI]LL  
    Dim A As Double $>wN:uN(  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double O_DT7;g  
    Dim eID As Long 1 :{+{Yl7  
    Dim parID As Long J'wJe,  
    Dim count As Integer 9T2y2d!X  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double x_(K%0+Ca  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double zTn.#-7y  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Hm~.u.)\.  
    Dim ok As Long Ub wmn!~  
    ,OkI0[  
    Sub Main #=F{G4d)!=  
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        '用户输入对话框 J!QIMA4{  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 BY$L[U;@T  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 y8v0>V0)  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 R0GD9  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 _~y-?(46K  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 P;IM -]  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 k/Q8:qA  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ,K.Wni#m  
        End Dialog #1'p?%K.  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog &mba{O  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) "DecS:\  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ^>y|{;`  
            Print "Execution cancelled." {J;(K~>?m  
            End 'SWK{t \4  
        End If :{-/b  
    !]8QOn7=  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ,jy9\n*<t9  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then }AS3]Lub@  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation V#~.n ;d  
        Else ?nM]eUAP  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 6ziBGU#.-  
        End If 0"mr*hyj  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then T4;gF6(0]  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter K[q-[q#yc  
        Else * YLp C^&  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) fDChq[LAn  
        End If N1l^%Yf J  
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        Print " " LiEDTXRz  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" A%EGu4  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" =o[H2o y  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation >PUT(yNL  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 'lgS;ItpKu  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens k !g%vx  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 2:1 kSR^Ky  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens yk2XfY  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens cM=_i{c  
    }x"8v&3CM_  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ii ^Nxnc=  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction *nHkK!d<N  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation xv_Z$&9e>l  
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        '************************************************************************* d.y-R#F_]  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) YcM 0A~<  
        '************************************************************************* |_16IEJ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]!WD">d:  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity iMF-TR  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6KX/Yj~B  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z i(S}gH4*o  
        count = 0 zoau5t  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (usPAslr  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 9y;zk$O8  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >oyZD^gj  
                DeleteOperation eID,count @KU^B_{i  
                count=count-1 &C6*"JZ4  
            End If a=*JyZ.2  
            count=count+1 gV-A+;u  
        Wend {fn1sGA  
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        'Set new shift in mzn#4;m$  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" dMa6hI{k  
        op.val1 = taq ]KQBek#DD  
        op.parent = parID ifadnl26 s  
        AddOperation eID, op bqQR";  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 .Q DeS|l  
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        '************************************************************************* "lKR~Qi  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens P?<G:]W  
        '************************************************************************* d-B,)$zE  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) y~py+:_  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic uL=FK  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant W>E|Iv[o  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant OJ<V<=MYZ  
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        '************************************************************************* ?rQIUP{D7  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens P:m6:F@hO  
        '************************************************************************* pUeok+k_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 6f;20dn 6  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic < !PbD  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost a7TvX{<d  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 'A'[N :i  
    `'b2 z=j  
        '************************************************************************* lT;uL~j  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface)  1"RC!  
        '************************************************************************* :E2 ww`  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) X 3(*bj>P  
    {w<"jw&2  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) x+W,P  
        count = 0 :+meaxbu  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ed$w5dv  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Lwkl*  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then o|y1m7X  
                DeleteOperation eID,count <!derr-K  
                count=count-1 G@o\D-$  
            End If d, 0Klew  
            count=count+1 !OMl-:KUzE  
        Wend  x]~&4fp  
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        'Set new z-shift 3NN )ql  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" (E7C9U*  
        op.val1 = tlens +*x9$LSD  
        op.parent = parID uevhW  
        AddOperation eID, op yG,uD!N]|  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 6-f-/$B  
    +RyV"&v  
        '************************************************************************* 1n~^@f#`  
        'Lens index of refraction sv+ 6#  
        '************************************************************************* g\G}b  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) #bGYd}BfD  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat #F'8vf'r  
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        mat.Nd = nlens axz.[L_elB  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat xtzkgb,0[  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens & DhdB0Hjf  
    x,TnYqT^  
        '************************************************************************* !twYjOryH[  
        'Pupil diameter Ceew~n{  
        '************************************************************************* G k:k px  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) %;b]k  
    0t6DD  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) <AU0ir  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" }N"YlGY\Yn  
    KxQMPtHstz  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens zB'_YwW  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^CP>|JWD^  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) $aHHXd}@t2  
        count = 0 VI?kbq jo  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8+8L'Yv;  
            GetOperation eID, count, op "pc t#  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^SW0+O  
                DeleteOperation eID,count h8icF}m  
                count=count-1 Z=(Tq1t  
            End If ,91n  
            count=count+1 ]E#W[6'VtB  
        Wend t)4] 2z)$  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" xMFEeSzl>S  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 =Jswd  
        op.parent = parID Gyb|{G_  
        AddOperation eID, op ~"r(PCa@  
    3)hQT-)  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 3zMaHh)mj  
    \6%`)p  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description I/go$@E"  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Op:$7hv  
        GetEntity eID, entity PCnu?e3F  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" -@.FnFa  
        SetEntity eID, entity LR3>_t  
    z-h?Q4;  
        Update \4>& zb4  
        Print "DONE!" e<+b?@}=B  
         jOm7:+H  
    End Sub |qpFR)l  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: 3ej[  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters /q) H0b  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm W=Mdh}u_I  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ? 0+N  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 A0bR.*3  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 {+V ]@sz  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 AOe f1^S=  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 :KS"&h{SY  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 .9vt<<Kwh  
    DONE! ijKQ`}JA  
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