[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Kf=6l#J7  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ]M^k~Xa  
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模型 ^d6}rtG  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 {WokH;a/
 
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. etnq{tE5  
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光源 {tS^Q*F  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 qW~Z#Si  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 5(9SIj^O  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 kHWW\?O  

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视网膜的散射 :?uUh  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 =1|^) 4M,x  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 \@\r`=WgB  
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脚本 egXHp<bqw  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： kjj4%0"  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 x]6-r`O7r  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 UO1WtQyu,H  
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分析 `7D]J*?`  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 @p$Nw.{'  
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脚本代码 h0cdRi  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. p&s~O,Bw$  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY bHKTCPf  
Dim op As T_OPERATION *dAQ{E(rO  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 2\4ammwT  
Dim A As Double cD%_+@GaU  
Dim pupilDiam As Double '!hA!eo>J  
Dim eID As Long A,'F`au  
Dim parID As Long .S_7R/2(?  
Dim count As Integer +!~"ooQZh  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Tqf:G4!  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double O|} p=ny  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double mi';96

  
Dim ok As Long x]Pp|rHj  
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Sub Main *2T"lpl  
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    '用户输入对话框 Vr^UEu.w?  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 /Kd9UQU  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 +QW|8b  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 =#Z+WD-E  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 3|0wD
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 {i^F4A@=Z  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 : MEB] }  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4  5(\H:g\z  
    End Dialog {aVRvZH4  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog sU$<v( `"  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) eY V Jk7  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed '>^!a!<G  
        Print "Execution cancelled." =j"bLX6;  
        End FokSg[)5  
    End If hh[@q
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 'lMDlTU O  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Y6[O s1  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation A
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    Else 2PC:F9dh\  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) xE5VXYU  
    End If M{jJ>S{g  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ;L@p|]fu  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter v&)G~cz  
    Else JKF/z@Vbe\  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) j0~dJ#  
    End If 0JXXJ:dB  
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    Print " " .O&[9`"'  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 3(,c^F  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 5D <  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 4g)$(5jI}  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness YM,UM>  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens :I2spBx  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens fP/;t61Z  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens jpkKdQX)  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness "#.L\p{Zy  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 2t;3_C  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation J6mUU3F9f  
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    '************************************************************************* p:ubj'(U05  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) %x8vvcO^t  
    '************************************************************************* q\/xx`L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]$!7;P  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity [M2xF<r6t  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) KP_7h/e  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z J
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    count = 0 F8xu&Vk0:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count MM*9Q`cB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op kvN<o-B  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then
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            DeleteOperation eID,count g:YUuZ  
            count=count-1 3$3
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        End If Xdh@ ^`  
        count=count+1 mGoNT  
    Wend b
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    'Set new shift in nK`H;k  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" t!59upbN}3  
    op.val1 = taq d*$x|B|V  
    op.parent = parID `_x#`%!#2  
    AddOperation eID, op b_)SMAsO7  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 I:WPP'L4o  
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    '************************************************************************* 0x# V   
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens %reW/;)l{  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 3}B-n!|*  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic p2gu@!  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Jw^h<z/Ux  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 6n/KL  
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    '************************************************************************* E O"  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens X{iidTW`xv  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) q)PSHr=Z  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic iZ0.rcQj'o  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost &zPM#Q  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Q'[~$~&`  
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    '************************************************************************* +!t *LSF  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ltHuN;C\  
    '************************************************************************* 7'5/T]Z  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2|`~3B)#  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) qJ$S3B  
    count = 0 y*8;T v|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 6wb M$|yFj  
        GetOperation eID, count, op }dSFv   
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then R=W$3Ue~,  
            DeleteOperation eID,count z.W1Za  
            count=count-1 tfv@ )9  
        End If (JiEV3GH  
        count=count+1 II.Wa&w}  
    Wend k,y#|bf,Y  
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    'Set new z-shift hG3RZN#ejq  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" +PO& z!F  
    op.val1 = tlens G+iJS!=  
    op.parent = parID %Jn5M(myC  
    AddOperation eID, op 'IER9%V$  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens `~@}f"c`u  
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    '************************************************************************* $'lJ_jL  
    'Lens index of refraction UL" <V  
    '************************************************************************* V{0V/Nv  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) [ HjG
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat +7K]5p;!~  
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    mat.Nd = nlens +>v{#A_u  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 8
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens dRTpG
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    '************************************************************************* cH7D@p}  
    'Pupil diameter s_,&"->  
    '************************************************************************* vaZ?>94  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) GF
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) wD[qE  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" <JJi  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens L^nS%lm  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) m$$98N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) CY9`HQ1  
    count = 0 J~G"D-l<9/  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 1x|/z,
 
        GetOperation eID, count, op i)e)FhEY6  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then fGLOXbsA  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;Y16I#?;Kh  
            count=count-1 nzu 3BVv  
        End If lc0ZfC  
        count=count+1 GG_A'eX:I  
    Wend n1c Q#u  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" fKT(.VNq5  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 fI0L\^b%  
    op.parent = parID 
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    AddOperation eID, op on1mu't_;  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 5(OF~mX#  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ';7|H|,F
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ({x<!5XL  
    GetEntity eID, entity BF6H_g  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Web8"8eD  
    SetEntity eID, entity /7zy5  
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    Update }c,}+{q
 
    Print "DONE!" cjO,#W0&f  
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End Sub VbX$i!>8  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： -nT+!3A8  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Jq`fD~
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm am05>c9  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 (;h]'I@  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 j|(bDa
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 _>:g&pS/  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Vt
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ig/716r|  
Set pupil diameter = 4 $Y0bjS2J  
DONE!
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