[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ROTKK8:+:  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。  cRKLyb  
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模型 &V axv$v}  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Q3i\`-kbb  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. a:*N0  
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光源 =,it`8;  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 x$jLB&+ICz  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 zfDfy!\2_  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 i;~.kgtq4  
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视网膜的散射 xr.;B`T0\'  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 <z60EvHg  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 _t]Q*i0p  
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脚本 3s]o~I2x  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： DJdhOLx  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 07qjWo/t  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 9`qw,X&AK_  
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分析 GZ5DI+3  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 (oCpQDab@  
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脚本代码 I^LU*A=  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 6Yva4Lv  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY e GAto  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ?Nt m5(R  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL OP(om$xm  
Dim A As Double ;x_T*} CH  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ~|~2B$JeV  
Dim eID As Long u9q#L.Ij  
Dim parID As Long :zIB3nT^  
Dim count As Integer ]GHw~s?  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double DcRoW  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double oKkDG|IE  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ~.e~YI80  
Dim ok As Long \qW^AD(it<  
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Sub Main S_AN.8T  
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    '用户输入对话框 NP\/9 8|1  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 IWddJb~hu  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 66WJ=?JV  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _Nz?fJ:$@  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 btC<>(kl&  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 A]'XC"lS  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ?` ebi|6  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 [p0_I7  
    End Dialog E_D@7a  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog xOxyz6B\  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) *g'%5i1ed  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed <gvgr4@^yR  
        Print "Execution cancelled." CC`#2j  
        End {9F}2 SJ  
    End If ucLh|}jJ5  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty F CfU=4O  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then L?(1 [jB4G  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation }p9#Bzc  
    Else 5C-n"8&C&  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) xJ\sm8  
    End If 7S_"h*Ud  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ?[5_/0L,=  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter YpSK|(  
    Else v~!_DD au  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 8Sf}z@~]  
    End If ,I f9w$(z  
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    Print " " NU7k2`bqAk  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Co<F<eXe  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ]>(pQD  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation UPuG&A#VV  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness FePWr7Ze  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens :?3y)*J!  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens >6zWOYd  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens S }G3ha  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens b:*( f#"q  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness M1Th~W9l  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction bXWodOSN  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation rY=dNK]d  
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    '************************************************************************* s(Fxi|v;  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) _~b]/]|z#N  
    '************************************************************************* Ymcc|u6$"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) m&6I@S2  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity +oa>k 0  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) RjHK
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z % ELf7~  
    count = 0 8&y3oxA,  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count >56;M7b(K  
        GetOperation eID, count, op vo'{phtF)M  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then u6p nO  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {F$MZ2E  
            count=count-1 \8-PCD  
        End If R%%h=]  
        count=count+1 l$!g#?w  
    Wend wArtg'=X  
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    'Set new shift in 8IihG \  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 0o&c8?@j  
    op.val1 = taq eRwm>l"fVV  
    op.parent = parID 7`t[|o  
    AddOperation eID, op !pe!Z-,  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 )@.6u9\  
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    '************************************************************************* #-FfyxQ8ai  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens vEb_z[gd  
    '************************************************************************* 0%hOB:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ,W&::/2<7  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic \bWo"Yo  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant hQDZ%>  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant P<gr=&  
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    '************************************************************************* ]^@!ID$c  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ye1h
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    '************************************************************************* 7<3eB)S  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) /N(Ol WEp  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic R4g% $}  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost {nlqQ.jO  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost x3?:"D2  
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    '************************************************************************* .6nNqGua1  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) FrBJv<  
    '************************************************************************* C@[f Z  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #i~2C@]  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) "~zQN(sR"P  
    count = 0 1K'.QRZMb9  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count F~_)auH  
        GetOperation eID, count, op DU%j;`3  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8g CQ0w<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %o9;jX  
            count=count-1 Yhkn(k2  
        End If ,k5b,}tN  
        count=count+1 c|^#v8x^/  
    Wend $f^ \fa[  
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    'Set new z-shift *w;=o}`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"
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    op.val1 = tlens 2K1odqO#  
    op.parent = parID 3d@$iAw1<  
    AddOperation eID, op <n:j@a\up0  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens L=w
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    '************************************************************************* e)2
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    'Lens index of refraction cp7Rpqg  
    '************************************************************************* <_"^eF+fZ  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 3bp'UEF^k  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat g5*Zg_G/  
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    mat.Nd = nlens | Djgm7$*  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 9e|]H+y  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ^KK6 d  
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    '************************************************************************* \D37l_  
    'Pupil diameter 9"YOj_z  
    '************************************************************************* [j:]YR  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) wKq-|yf,  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @Gj|X>0  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" HjO-6F#s  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ag$mc8-p[  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) aQK>q. t  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) z5G$'  
    count = 0 62 biOea  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count k-b0Eogp]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op |hprk-R*OH  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9)a:8/
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            DeleteOperation eID,count -nQ:RHnd  
            count=count-1 rU/V~;#%  
        End If Y!6,ty'  
        count=count+1 9(>l trA  
    Wend *$ihNX]YG  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" <XV\8Y+n  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 XD8MF)$9  
    op.parent = parID vbeYe2;(  
    AddOperation eID, op q+/c+u?=^  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam I3A@0'Vm;L  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Z[DiLXHL  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Ed%8| M3  
    GetEntity eID, entity g$\Z-!(  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 75t\= 6#  
    SetEntity eID, entity YJlpP0;++  
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    Update (bIg6_U7\  
    Print "DONE!" "YUyM5X  
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End Sub 4wZ{Z 2w  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： \k{UqU+s  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters `
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 38wt=0br  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 h]rF2 B  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 )19As8rL/o  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 cC.=,n  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 mr+J#  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 K0#kW \4`  
Set pupil diameter = 4 2l)J,z  
DONE! Cz2OGM*mz?  
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