[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 eh `%E0b}  
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模型 `o295eiY(b  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 %dg[ho  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. _"L6mcI6  
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光源 ],S {?!'1  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 vno/V#e$WX  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ;%^=V#
  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 4fC:8\A  
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视网膜的散射 =(D"(OsQ/  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Z9+fTT  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 o!":mJy  
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脚本 &tAYF_}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： #Ir?v  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 E6-*2U)k+  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 zZ8*a\  
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分析 C\GP}:[T3  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 @ gWd  
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脚本代码 f(Of+>   
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. fyb;*hgu  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY JN|6+.GG  
Dim op As T_OPERATION P8,Ps+  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =,#--1R7g  
Dim A As Double YiDOV)  
Dim pupilDiam As Double lbBWOx/|  
Dim eID As Long w&aZ 97{  
Dim parID As Long Xi98:0<=  
Dim count As Integer _b~{/[s  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double #Or;"}P>fB  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double )_=2lu3%{  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double nOGTeKjEJ  
Dim ok As Long Ptv'.<-  
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Sub Main <Kv$3y  

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    '用户输入对话框 {}$7Bp  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @a?7D;+<  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Mz(Vf1pi%  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QkdcW>:a7  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 WK>|IgK  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Yg^ &4ZF  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 d}[cX9U/  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 -SrZ^  
    End Dialog ;mG*Rad  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog x?+w8jSR  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) $s/E}X  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed @owneSD qN  
        Print "Execution cancelled." S%i^`_=Q  
        End tNi>TkC}`  
    End If >CqzC8JF  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ,RV qYh(-|  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then }aVZ\PDg  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ,_Z(!| rW  
    Else 5QMra5Nk  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) s{Z)<n03  
    End If 'rcqy1-&  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then X g6ezl
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter y>P+"Z.K%}  
    Else I+8n;I)]X  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 50^ux:Uv+N  
    End If D(AH3`*|#  
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    Print " " 1`&`y%c?B  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 69g{oo  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" YX0ysE*V:&  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation { qNPhi  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness P=QxfX0B  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens hH8&g%{2  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens E7:xPNU  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ^,>w`8  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens !GqFX+!Ju  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness )>iOj50n3  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction !(GyOAb  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Z}J5sifr  
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    '************************************************************************* JE?rp1.  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) h.jJAVPi  
    '************************************************************************* UerbNz|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) i+Z)`  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity b(iF0U>&  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1)ue-(o5  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z D|:'|7l W  
    count = 0 /eF@a!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count QNj]wm=mp  
        GetOperation eID, count, op B/twak\  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `2mddx8  
            DeleteOperation eID,count s2;~FK#/  
            count=count-1 $%y q[$^  
        End If RY , <*  
        count=count+1 ig,.>'+l  
    Wend cb}"giXQTB  
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    'Set new shift in Eb8pM>'qM  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" |&; ^?M  
    op.val1 = taq !}(B=-  
    op.parent = parID M3(N!xT  
    AddOperation eID, op hyI7X7Hy  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 FlqGexY5  
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    '************************************************************************* *WwM"NFHDd  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens mMAN*}`O  
    '************************************************************************* ?:(y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) <LHhs<M'  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic x/*lNG/  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ;J%:DD  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 3:)z+#Uk6  
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    '************************************************************************* HBlk~eZ  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens hFrMOc&  
    '************************************************************************* LP2~UVq  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic  F B]Y~;(  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost XkaREE  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 66yw[,Y  
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    '************************************************************************* O2w-nd74U  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ~iL^KeAp   
    '************************************************************************* O)'CU1vMb  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) O0 'iq^g  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 7sot?gF  
    count = 0 t R^f]+Up  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count cD
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        GetOperation eID, count, op HW@wia  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kSAVFzUS  
            DeleteOperation eID,count q+ax]=w  
            count=count-1 afm\Iv[*  
        End If (MwRe?Ih  
        count=count+1
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    Wend ,81%8r
 
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    'Set new z-shift {}O~
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" C:QB=?%;  
    op.val1 = tlens 'VDWJTia  
    op.parent = parID ':*H#}Br-#  
    AddOperation eID, op R\j~X@vI  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 8z=# 0+0  
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    '************************************************************************* ).~ "  
    'Lens index of refraction @8d 3  
    '************************************************************************* I2[U#4n  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) <c+.%ka  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ?Ga8.0Z~KT  
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    mat.Nd = nlens C6!F6Stn]g  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat oC0ndp~+&  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens X\^V{v^-  

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    '************************************************************************* fBSa8D3}`  
    'Pupil diameter d:kB Zrq  
    '************************************************************************* Bf{u:TCK  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) n`Q@<op  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole)  a_?sJ  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" VotC YJ  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens I G1];vX  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,H=k5WA4m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) N' hT
  
    count = 0 }b_Ob  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count I8xdE(o8+  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %:3XYO.w-  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _w^,j"  
            DeleteOperation eID,count n0(Q/  
            count=count-1 e@D_0OZ  
        End If HNzxFnh  
        count=count+1 pH'_k k  
    Wend 4X
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" *22Vc2[i;  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Tzq@ic#!B  
    op.parent = parID 05d0p|},
 
    AddOperation eID, op d |17G  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam B[b>T=  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description R)NSJ-A!2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) R1];P*>%gZ  
    GetEntity eID, entity =p5D

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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" lQ8hY$  
    SetEntity eID, entity 
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    Update '*J+mZtN  
    Print "DONE!" HTQZIm  
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End Sub nFnM9 pdMK  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： +x]/W|5  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters X^\D"fmE.  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm +_GS@)L`%  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ?I+L  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ">}6i9o  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 W!{RJWe  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 C4+DZ<pE  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 fyQOF ItM  
Set pupil diameter = 4 tZ_'>7)  
DONE! Q-7?'\h  
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