[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 &xU[E!2H%  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 `68@+|#  
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模型 ;dkYf24  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 eVEV}`X  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. l3{-z4mw  
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光源 '50OgF'  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 WO7z  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 e|g5=2(Pr&  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 R6 y#S&]x  
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视网膜的散射 ]l;o}+`G  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 -zCH**y%1  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 1m'k|Ka  
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脚本 k)i3   
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ^dI424  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 3BzNi'  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 mWv3!i;G<s  
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分析 UgRhWV~f0  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 R1s`z|?
 
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脚本代码 ,D5
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. EHSlK5bD,  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY $ux,9H'[  
Dim op As T_OPERATION q'+)t7!  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL #9=Vg  
Dim A As Double pXtl 6K%  
Dim pupilDiam As Double @Rg/~\K  
Dim eID As Long $&Gu)4'+  
Dim parID As Long tCw<Ip  
Dim count As Integer R%Hi+#/dr-  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double !:)s"|=  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double [m->5H  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double r^2p*nr}  
Dim ok As Long bs+f,j-oBN  
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Sub Main HUcq%.  
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    '用户输入对话框 \h+
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 )tG\vk=@  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 +|*IZ:w)  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 8aZ=?_gvT  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 nz%DM<0$  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 G%BjhpL  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ;$HftG>B  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 3Nl <p"=  
    End Dialog 5b5x!do  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog +20G>y=+  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) >3ZFzh&OYQ  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed p}&#jE  
        Print "Execution cancelled." eFipIn)b  
        End y@1+I~@  
    End If {vs uPY  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty PYQ;``~x  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then T=<@]$?  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation \1d(9jR  
    Else 6e(Qwt  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Cmu@4j&  
    End If N%kt3vmQ_  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then w2Us!<x  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter `CBZhI%%  
    Else 8Pfb~&X^Ws  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) i1UiNJh86  
    End If !NIhx109q  
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    Print " " >q#rw  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" @#<D ^"  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ?fiIwF)  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ]99|KQ<s  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 0\H\lKcK  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens tW.9yII  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens kh!FR u h  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens [I0:=yJ+  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens \?w2a$?6w  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness C\\~E9+  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ? 8)'oMD  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation !-ok"k0,u  
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    '************************************************************************* @u.58H& }R  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ) dn(G@5  
    '************************************************************************* O80<Z#%j`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ^b/ Z)3  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity " f <Z=c  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |"?M1*g  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 6TYY UM"&  
    count = 0 *,3SGcYdJj  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -1 FPkp  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then uya.sF0]9B  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 00'%EYO  
            count=count-1 
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        End If KmMzH`t}`  
        count=count+1 BD68$y  
    Wend U [*FCD!~  
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    'Set new shift in b+,';bW  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" O|\J}rm'  
    op.val1 = taq g@rb  
    op.parent = parID gaQdG=G8$
 
    AddOperation eID, op 7_%"BVb"  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Fa?~0H/DL  
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    '************************************************************************* a,xycX:U  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens PjZvQ\Z  
    '************************************************************************* 6tB+JF  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) S\
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 11TL~xFh  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant .}^g!jm~h  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant O9vQp  
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    '************************************************************************* 7"aN#;&  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens `q?8A3A  
    '************************************************************************* K$>%e36Cc  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _XG/Pp)  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _  <WJ7  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost !HrKXy0{  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost M|6A0m#Q  
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    '************************************************************************* B$-R-S6  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) G.rrv  
    '************************************************************************* 0>C T=(A  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ?>
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) IHe/xQ@  
    count = 0 }M1`di4e  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count L_vISy%\b  
        GetOperation eID, count, op DAS/43\  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]or>?{4g  
            DeleteOperation eID,count
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            count=count-1 pv*,gSS  
        End If @HQ`~C#Z'  
        count=count+1 !6BW@GeF]  
    Wend #i@;J]x(  
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    'Set new z-shift |s"nM<ZNZ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"  UmNa[s  
    op.val1 = tlens 1xD=ffM>8N  
    op.parent = parID  5
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    AddOperation eID, op D&/kCi=R  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens `!XY]PI+e  
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    '************************************************************************* W{%TlN  
    'Lens index of refraction {)
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    '************************************************************************* /s?r`'j[  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) hn^<;av=  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat #1`-*.u  
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    mat.Nd = nlens NPCs('cd>?  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat }2<r,  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens afv~r>q(-  
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    '************************************************************************* mX\TD0$d  
    'Pupil diameter |zR8rqBX;  
    '************************************************************************* {XNREjhm  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 3^R&:|,  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Qy.w=80kf  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" z54EG:x.7^  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ~KW,kyXBnD  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fIj|4a+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "$N#p5  
    count = 0 :,Pn3xl
 
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count p89wNSMl[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op n;(\5{a  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then wT `a3Ymm  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~V&aUDO>/  
            count=count-1 l%?T2Fm3>  
        End If OlAs'TE^  
        count=count+1 ,=
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    Wend ?**+e%$$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?*E'^~,H)  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 dE:+k/  
    op.parent = parID y$@ZN~8  
    AddOperation eID, op )#.<]&P}  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam F_;vO%}  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description &Rx{.9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 'f[T&o&L/  
    GetEntity eID, entity q0$ !y!~  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" an|x$e7|?  
    SetEntity eID, entity sA'6ty  
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    Update 1jy9lP=  
    Print "DONE!" nx8a$vI-TY  
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End Sub c:-!'l$ !  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： "Jt.lL ]5  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters QS{1CC9$  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm r9 ui|>U"  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 W6"v)Jc>_  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 /RHo1  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 |`lzfe  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 t: #6sF  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 o3I Tr';  
Set pupil diameter = 4 EGZb7:Y?  
DONE! dgA-MQ5{  
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