[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 N{&Hq4^c  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 rI#,FZ  
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模型 ePo :::  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 3~EPX`#[W  

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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 8 3Tv-X  
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光源 kYZj^tR  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ~m3Tq.sYrY  

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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 L2IY$+=M  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 }u.I%{4  
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视网膜的散射 ~COd(,ul  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 MDauHtF,  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 \h
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脚本 8Z>
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ,HwOMoP7  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 j>)yV@g/  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 _n+ 5{\z  
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分析 jg3T1ROL  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Vi>`g{\  
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脚本代码 64l(ru<  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. F/:Jp3@  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ]O0:0Z\  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ?@H/;hB[|  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ~y>NJM>1  
Dim A As Double /{!?e<N>  
Dim pupilDiam As Double {Z1^/Fv3  
Dim eID As Long }TG=ZVi  
Dim parID As Long 'a=' (,%  
Dim count As Integer ]dL#k>$0q  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ]]50c  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double kz^?!l)X0  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double -aQf(=  
Dim ok As Long \s_`ZEB  
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Sub Main 6$ ag<  
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    '用户输入对话框 jbTsrj"g  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ^ ^k]2oG  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 &5Huv?^a'  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ,rWej;CzN  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 v|wO qS  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 frUO+  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 TSUT3'&~p  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 {xCqz0  
    End Dialog :NXM.@jJ="  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog f~{4hVA  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) T*qSk!  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed c. 06Sw*  
        Print "Execution cancelled." tQIa6c4|  
        End ,L$,d  
    End If CQ:38l\`gd  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty x?RYt4S  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then s'=w/os  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ^'Qe.DW[  
    Else e<r}{=1w  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ;}4^WzmK^(  
    End If eY8rm  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then y28 e=i  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter P:fcbfH+  
    Else yR[htD`  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) =k:yBswi  
    End If YOQ>A*@4  
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    Print " " WO{ET  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" s}bv o  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" )GR4U8<>g  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation LW*v/`@  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Ms14]M[\  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 3h`_Qv%g  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens G!.%Qqs  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ;P9cjfSn  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens BMYvxSsm  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ~;yP{F8?  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ^n9)rsb  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation  C^*3
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    '************************************************************************* Z!2%{HQ=q  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) @ ('/NjTZ  
    '************************************************************************* ^~7ouA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0YO/G1O&  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity %JPBD]&M  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >8.o  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ]i Yp  
    count = 0 THY=8&x)  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count tO+Lf2Ni+  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 36UUt!}p  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4KB>O)YNg'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count raJv$P  
            count=count-1 9y?)Ga  
        End If bPVQ-  
        count=count+1 5F$~ZDu  
    Wend u#nM_UJe  
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    'Set new shift in ;}}k*< Z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :
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    op.val1 = taq 85qD~o?O  
    op.parent = parID C9^C4   
    AddOperation eID, op i)= \-C  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Q/`W[Et  
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    '************************************************************************* /@Ec[4^=!.  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Cq[<CPAS  
    '************************************************************************* %/w%A:y#&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 8c%_R23  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 5+[ 3@  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant dU&hM<.|  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant B3&C
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    '************************************************************************* Kp>fOe'KW  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens C_;A~iI7
 
    '************************************************************************* 47!k!cHa  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) L\xR<m<,  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "Z)zKg  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 0DX)%s,KO  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost YnlZyw!  
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    '************************************************************************* cYz|Ux  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) t6Nkv;)>@  
    '************************************************************************* N#GMvU
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) [r^WS;9n  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) }#2I/
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    count = 0 Q!{,^Qb  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5M\bH'1  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `]F#j ]"  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then EbnV"]1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Y_/w}HB   
            count=count-1
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        End If '?1g_C QsS  
        count=count+1 ;]>a7o  
    Wend B^Hhrz!  
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    'Set new z-shift rPK1#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" %xdyGAl:  
    op.val1 = tlens <3laNk  
    op.parent = parID |?t}7V#[  
    AddOperation eID, op bMGXx>
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 2}rYH;Mx  
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    '************************************************************************* m8Rt>DY  
    'Lens index of refraction {R?VB!dR  
    '************************************************************************* S5[}kfe  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) MB+a?u0\  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat :@~mN7O*  
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    mat.Nd = nlens \: R Akf<  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Sb^o`~ Eh  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens (Q"~bP{F  
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    '************************************************************************* f1|&umJ$  
    'Pupil diameter 7n7UL0O
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    '************************************************************************* i93^E~q]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) EZ[e a<  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ,8o Y(h  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" o,'Fz?[T%  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ;)z+dd#3  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) lT_dzO  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) B1TWOl?d{  
    count = 0 t@jke  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5ljEh -  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ')ZZ)&U>z  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then bycnh  
            DeleteOperation eID,count c]NZGn*  
            count=count-1 %IIo  
        End If D&1(qi=x&  
        count=count+1 ;&XC*R+  
    Wend T3PwM2em_`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" zGa V^X  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 k0,]2R  
    op.parent = parID ZUS06#t}  
    AddOperation eID, op 04:QEC"9mj  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Li9>RY+3  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description (?ZS9&y}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j+Q+.39s-~  
    GetEntity eID, entity ,%U\@*6=  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" _7 ^:1i~:.  
    SetEntity eID, entity fDAT#nlyp  
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    Update dte-2?%~j  
    Print "DONE!" <GSp%r  
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End Sub r ?z}TtDp  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： szp.\CMz  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters oG c9 6B%  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm eQ<GNvm  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 luJNdA:t&  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 G-'CjiMu  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 l0eh}d  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 rLA^ &P:  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 PoD/i@  
Set pupil diameter = 4 K;]Dh?  
DONE! xW58B  
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