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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 %G(VYCeK  
    -_9*BvS]R  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 OH>Gc-V  
    ;V~x[J|x  
    模型 u^SInanw  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 VM5'd  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. jjH2!R]^>  
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    光源 wclj9&k  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 N}/V2K]Q  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 ,k.")  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Z L0Vx6Ph  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 =W')jKe0  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 gcwJ{&  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 p5rq>&"  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 N4qBCBr(  
    _T.`+0UV  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 lrkgsv6  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: (5`(H.(  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 9`qw,X&AK_  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 BJHWx,v  
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    分析 i\ 7JQZ  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 qldm"Ul  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 +#>nOn(B  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. $&, KZ>  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY `:ZaT('h  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION EN ^L.q9#  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL o6x8j z  
    Dim A As Double w"kBAi&  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Zl# ';~9W  
    Dim eID As Long `|nJAW3  
    Dim parID As Long ~_CZ1  
    Dim count As Integer j/wQ2"@a  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double \ D>!&   
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Rbgy?8#9  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double &-IkM%_A9  
    Dim ok As Long /i!/)]*-  
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    Sub Main I+ Qt5Ox  
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        '用户输入对话框 /55 3v;l<  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 (3x2^M8  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 AKLFUk  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 o<s~455m/  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 .db:mSrL  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 1,P2}mYv  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 6m(+X M S  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 {^:i}4ZRl  
        End Dialog DM)Re~*  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog j}}as  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) G!F_Q7|-  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ? R[GSS1  
            Print "Execution cancelled." sx[mbKj<  
            End 0LHge7482  
        End If $ JCOL  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty cE,,9M@^  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then @[$q1Nm  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation >Zm|R|{BE  
        Else CF_2ez1u0y  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Z2]\k|%<Fa  
        End If f0{ tBD!%  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then i94)DWZ^  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 8Sf}z@~]  
        Else ,I f9w$(z  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) \S?;5LacZ  
        End If cn_KHz=  
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        Print " " |' kC9H[>  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Jj1lAg 0  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" riglEA[^  
    I'R|B\  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation srU*1jD)  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness `g}en%5b\  
    ]4_)WUS.c  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 8;,(D# p  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens w^ 8^0i-  
    2 :^  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens cn$0^7?  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens h4>q~&Pd  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness LtDGu})1  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction <qxqlEQT  
    S)@) @3  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation EhIa31>X  
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        '************************************************************************* l\=He  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Zdu8axK:  
        '************************************************************************* o2riy'~  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) JZrZDW>M  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity d a.6Z!a  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rx(z::  
    B}ASZYpW>  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z NK(; -~{P  
        count = 0 N07FU\<9  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 1d~cR  
            GetOperation eID, count, op sC RmLUD  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0p \,}t\E  
                DeleteOperation eID,count :P\RiaZAT  
                count=count-1 JsQmn<Yt  
            End If |Z{ DU(?[b  
            count=count+1 @arMg2"o  
        Wend vqBT^Q_q;  
    D5fhOq+g  
        'Set new shift in %VzCeS9  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" \kksZ4,  
        op.val1 = taq cvv(OkC  
        op.parent = parID m"8Gh `Fo  
        AddOperation eID, op E\=23[0  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 9|LV x3]  
    !PY.F nZ  
        '************************************************************************* Ru^j~Cj5  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens }^3ICwzm  
        '************************************************************************* iN@+,]Yjl  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) w}QU;rl8q  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;Quk%6;[N  
    C XiSin  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant /M8&`  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant x[H9<&)D  
    _,9/g^<  
        '************************************************************************* 5"&{Egc_  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens  Wfyap)y  
        '************************************************************************* 3eS *U`_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) n g?kl|VG  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic niP/i  
    \HZ]=B#0  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost qHQ#^jH  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost /\1MG>#K  
    vL:tuEE3  
        '************************************************************************* LTc= D  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) zkRL'-  
        '************************************************************************* X` FFI6pb  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~$3X>?Q  
    DU%j;`3  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 8g CQ0w<  
        count = 0 %o9;jX  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Yhkn(k2  
            GetOperation eID, count, op jI9Kn41  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ir*T ,O 2J  
                DeleteOperation eID,count qdeS*r p\  
                count=count-1 w- .=u3  
            End If DsP FB q  
            count=count+1 6~j.S "  
        Wend K1K3s< y+  
    O*7Gl G  
        'Set new z-shift 3d|n\!1r  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" zS##YR  
        op.val1 = tlens OAiip,  
        op.parent = parID zg=F;^oZ<  
        AddOperation eID, op : {Crc   
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens tu6Q7CjW8  
    z rV  
        '************************************************************************* gqf*;Z eU  
        'Lens index of refraction | D jgm7$*  
        '************************************************************************* 9e|]H+y  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ^K K6 d  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat ^SouA[  
    .(8sa8{N  
        mat.Nd = nlens 5-ju5z?=  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat $`&uu  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens C4jq T  
    &_EjP hZ  
        '************************************************************************* f;;(Q-.  
        'Pupil diameter Ux Yb[Nbc  
        '************************************************************************* .l->O-=  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Q'~2,%3<  
    IW.~I,!x  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) )`ZTu -|  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" u-a*fT  
    )NwIEk>Tf  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens <d\Lvo[  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9aE!! (E  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ^=nJ,-(h_  
        count = 0  OBY  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count tDl1UX  
            GetOperation eID, count, op iJza zQ  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then C>vp oCA  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ]oN:MS4r  
                count=count-1 ad1%"~1  
            End If +([ iCL  
            count=count+1 E r6'Ig|U  
        Wend 1{sfDw[s  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8tM40/U$  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 S;vE %  
        op.parent = parID cj:!uhZp7  
        AddOperation eID, op 52$7vYMto  
    +a%Vp!y  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam (P-Bmu!s  
     0~{&  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description HY,+;tf2r  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j#TtY|Po  
        GetEntity eID, entity .CClc(bO_/  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" {o?+T );Z  
        SetEntity eID, entity ]8|cV GMa  
    H h4G3h0  
        Update |(E.Sb  
        Print "DONE!" 6O^'J~wiI  
         \@6nRs8b|N  
    End Sub 3%<Uq%pJ  
    KrhAObK  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: cC_L4  
    tH_e?6]  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters @?A39G{  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm NM0[yh  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 (LW4z8e#  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 *uAsKU  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 BTXS+mvl  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 %E95R8SL  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 KKR@u(+"a  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 nwk66o:|  
    DONE! AHq;6cG  
    }*{@-v|_R  
    18|i{fE;  
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