[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 UpeQOC  
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模型 q 22/_nSC  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 #^\}xn"[  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ALR:MAXwC  
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光源 ZW* fOaj  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 p#M!S2&z  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 `GkRmv*  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 m~Me^yt>}  
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视网膜的散射 J/gQQ.s  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ;q&Z9lm  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 +cw{aI`a8  
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脚本 aKD;1|)  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： eAU"fu6d  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 kEx8+2s=M  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 <f[9ju  
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分析 3lyQn"  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Fv;u1Atiw  
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脚本代码 6O%=G3I
 
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. `2sdZ/fO  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 0\QYf0o   
Dim op As T_OPERATION enWF7`  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL kaV%0Of]  
Dim A As Double kzW\z4f  
Dim pupilDiam As Double R+k=Ea&x  
Dim eID As Long G|<]Ma9x  
Dim parID As Long W6hNJb  
Dim count As Integer ?i/73H+;D3  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 2c!h2$w  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double !Q[;5Lqt  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double s}Xi2^x  
Dim ok As Long  9F/|`  
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Sub Main 5X0_+DdeL  
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    '用户输入对话框 I4A;  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 \-DM-NrZ1U  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 yIM.j;5:~5  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 #!(Zn:[  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 +'!h-x1y~  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 6R0D3kW  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 "[FCQ  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 UeFtzty,a  
    End Dialog [B.W1 GL!  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 9)1P+c--  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) F%w\D9+P  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 2pVVoZV.<  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 9)8*FahW  
        End Iwnj'R7:  
    End If  gvvFU,2  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty {LjK_J'  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then /5Gnb.zN)  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation l#mqV@?A~  
    Else J(H??9(s  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) [N'r3  
    End If H&"_}  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 7{?lEQ&UE  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter c80"8r  
    Else q8&4=eV\A  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) G7Edi;y/{  
    End If Yj|c+&Ng  
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    Print " " A- <.#  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" N^nDWK  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" EbHUGCMO  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation P,s)2s'nZ  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness arpJiG~JR  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens VLl&>Pbe-  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens S1 R #]  

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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ,cl"1>lp  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens _&8KB1~
 
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness  xLGTnMYd  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction j[Hg]  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation g/J^K*3]  
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    '************************************************************************* -h.3M0  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) rK0|9^i{  
    '************************************************************************* wE.@0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) `zV-1)=  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity u8$~N$L  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]"7El;2z  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z U iPVZ@?  
    count = 0 dnhpWVhn  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count d<^6hF  
        GetOperation eID, count, op )gm\e?^
 
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then LXOF
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            DeleteOperation eID,count ZS 7)(j$.  
            count=count-1 rUJSzLy  
        End If d&3I>E$UP  
        count=count+1 Vo58Nz:%  
    Wend GO&RR}  
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    'Set new shift in R?FtncL%D  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3k|~tVM  
    op.val1 = taq V0wC@?  
    op.parent = parID fjzr8vU}C  
    AddOperation eID, op  4
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 1tK6lrhj  
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    '************************************************************************* ,YuWz$aF{  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens WLA_YMlA  
    '************************************************************************* 19.!$;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) pRyS8'  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic IcNIuv  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant I.n{ "=$B@  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant trNK9@wT)  
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    '************************************************************************* X/C54%T ~  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens `5aypJf1  
    '************************************************************************* s(DaPhL6Qm  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 5=;I|l,  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic gB'Ah-@,P  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost c^/?VmCQ}  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost k>@^M]%  
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    '************************************************************************* I<o4l[--  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ^i,0
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    '************************************************************************* jMN@x]6w  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ?p\II7  

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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Vste$V  
    count = 0 %)@(Tye -  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Jd_1>p  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Hr.JZ>~<  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .Af)y_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count At_Y$N:
 
            count=count-1 J##X5'a3*  
        End If ~k_zMU-1  
        count=count+1 L,ey3i7a\  
    Wend rnrx%
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    'Set new z-shift ~5?n&pF  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" WX$^[^=
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    op.val1 = tlens #]hkQo  
    op.parent = parID wtick~)  
    AddOperation eID, op :JG}%  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ~8 a>D<b  
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    '************************************************************************* YQd&rkr  
    'Lens index of refraction -2~yc2:>A  
    '************************************************************************* Xg)FIaw]eT  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) {Ao^3vB  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat u>Kvub  
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    mat.Nd = nlens hA19:H=7R0  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat vX)Y%I  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 
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    '************************************************************************* S~9kp?kR$  
    'Pupil diameter uy%PTi+A  
    '************************************************************************* aWK7 -n
  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 5?Ao9Q]@  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) {oC69n
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Ss/="jC  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "N"k8,LH  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) yUlQPrNX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) DEp: vlW@  
    count = 0 a{6|[aR  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 89dC bF3b  
        GetOperation eID, count, op :Bc;.%  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `215Llzk;  
            DeleteOperation eID,count : \`MrI^  
            count=count-1 M:M<bz Vu  
        End If T}On:*&  
        count=count+1 sbIhg/:ok  
    Wend eT?LMBn\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" L4-Pq\2  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 v2g+oKO]  
    op.parent = parID 3xY]Lqwv  
    AddOperation eID, op 0\;a:E.c  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ]d(}b>gR~(  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description *a@UV%u  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) zvg&o)/[  
    GetEntity eID, entity q>Y[.c-  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" -|mRJVl8  
    SetEntity eID, entity ShxX[k  
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    Update )2hoO_l:  
    Print "DONE!" =Q/i<u  
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End Sub ^5F/=TtE G  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： C I0^eaFs  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters p^!p7B`qe.  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm :r=_\?  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 sP7(1)\  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 "f+2_8%s+  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 sq$|Pad[  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 WdnP[x9  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 5#PhaVc  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ;C%EF  
DONE! ?i"FdpW  
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