[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 C9+Dw#-fV  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 N>T=L0`  
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模型 <sF!]R&4  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 rr6"Y&v  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 5[hlg(eb  
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光源 J2x$uO{Bn  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 n/:Z{  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 $M%}Oz3*  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 %hrsE5k^,  
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视网膜的散射 ;2 \<M6  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 I\)N\move  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 yzODF>KJ  
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脚本 VN1#8{  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： vjY);aQ  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ~ly`u  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 GXGN;,7EV  
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分析 }"!6Xm  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 "`H=AX0  
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脚本代码 n C\(+K1%  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. mJU>f-l  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY gt(X!iN]  
Dim op As T_OPERATION N GX-'w  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =Td#2V;0  
Dim A As Double w;g)Iy6x  
Dim pupilDiam As Double `XFX`1  
Dim eID As Long $u(M 4(}  
Dim parID As Long y?rK5Yos  
Dim count As Integer Mr@<ZTw  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double @8T Vr2uy  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Wl@0TUK  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double D"1vw<Ak  
Dim ok As Long m&;zLBA;  
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Sub Main @8}-0c  
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    '用户输入对话框 =2GP^vh  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 htNL2N  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Vf#oKPP1  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 98<bF{#0WM  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 S:"z<O  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 &eLQ;<qO*|  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 U
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 xP|%rl4  
    End Dialog ]-+.lR%vd9  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog o>QFdx  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) >"m@qkh  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 96([V|5K  
        Print "Execution cancelled." A$$R_3ne  
        End _tWfb}6;Zb  
    End If 9Le/'ovq  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 519:yt  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then NC[GtAPD3  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 0YTtA]|`4  
    Else ?Sd~u1w8K  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 1'@lg*^9  
    End If .P0Qs&i  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then (qq$y #$  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ^QL/m\zq@%  
    Else U
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ofJ]`]~VG  
    End If @{$Cv"6769  
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    Print " " #|*,zIYo  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" V?L$ys  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" #B.w
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Xxsnpb>  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness )su
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^Hhw(@`qf  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens r{N{!"G  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens GVHfN5bTqn  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens _XO)`D~  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 94k)a8-!  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction +qW w
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ;h(;(  
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    '************************************************************************* 8UY=}R2C
  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ))+98iU1s  
    '************************************************************************* 3K20f8g  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) SAxa7B/U2  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 8KELN(o$ 7  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f[I'
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ~FCSq:_  
    count = 0 (l!D=qy  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count AqKx3p6  
        GetOperation eID, count, op |I^Jn@Mq:  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )PoI~km  
            DeleteOperation eID,count
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            count=count-1 JE:n`
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        End If !}Ou|r4_  
        count=count+1 D>#v 6XI  
    Wend /$.vHt5nt  
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    'Set new shift in a=T7w;\h  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" P(i2
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    op.val1 = taq 0N[DV]  
    op.parent = parID ~JRuMP  
    AddOperation eID, op 96E7hp !:  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 iF_r'+j  
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    '************************************************************************* 'e)ze^Jq  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens .q[sk  
    '************************************************************************* =
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) |3lAye,t)a  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic `L[32B9
  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant T2PFE4+Dp  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant IS*
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    '************************************************************************* d*:qFq_  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens wQuaB6E  
    '************************************************************************* h
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #2'&=?J1r  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic w[vIPlSdS  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost WuZn|j'  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost @
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    '************************************************************************* ^^Q32XC
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 5@rqU(]<  
    '************************************************************************* v%~ViOgL\  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %=O!K>^vt<  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) iKH T  
    count = 0 cYn}we}7  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @z JZoJL]J  
        GetOperation eID, count, op >@e%,z  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 92_H!m/  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ssbyvzQ  
            count=count-1 'n.9qxY;  
        End If 'wq:F?viF  
        count=count+1 F(fr,m3  
    Wend rL/7wa  
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    'Set new z-shift R:m=HS_  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3evfX[V#  
    op.val1 = tlens G'C^C[_W  
    op.parent = parID #@"rp]1xv  
    AddOperation eID, op %D0Ws9:|  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens /[dAgxL  
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    '************************************************************************* B&j+fi  
    'Lens index of refraction k8>^dZub  
    '************************************************************************* :2gO) 'cD  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) -7VV5W  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ~'\u:Imuo  
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    mat.Nd = nlens G"sc;nT  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens /`@>v$oo  
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    '************************************************************************* SP1oBR"3  
    'Pupil diameter ToM*tXj  
    '************************************************************************* [+7X
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) T5+b{qA  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) &g>+tkC  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ub&29Qte  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens <u/({SZ&  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _J;a[Ky+[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) &"n9,$  
    count = 0 
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +c_CYkHJ/  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 8}@a?QS(&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then D8XXm lo  
            DeleteOperation eID,count "!?Ya{  
            count=count-1 PyE<`E  
        End If t4uxon
 
        count=count+1 JwVv+9hh  
    Wend +=$G6uR$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" DO{4n1-U  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 w Vmy`OV/  
    op.parent = parID M/;g|J jM  
    AddOperation eID, op Z`MQ+  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description _?<Fc8F  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]h@:Y]  
    GetEntity eID, entity CB)#; |aDB  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Mq$=zsj  
    SetEntity eID, entity Y [S^&pF  
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    Update i[J',  
    Print "DONE!" aR $P}]H  
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End Sub VTa8.(i6v  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： x #g,l2_!  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters AQZ\
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm HR  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 =Y0m;-1M  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ESI}+  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 v>R.ou(  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ln7.>.F  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 XF6=xD  
Set pupil diameter = 4 5N/;'ySAE_  
DONE! L_|Y_=r."  
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