[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 kKVd4B[#*  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 s|rlpd4y  
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模型 }1]/dCv  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 vK6YU9W~J  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. c[E{9wp v  
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光源 V#[I/D  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 }[}u5T`w>  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 s<gZB:~  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 V&vU her0  
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视网膜的散射 LSb3w/3M  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 rB;`&)-  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ;tTM3W-h  
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脚本 &[,g`S0  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： L;/#D>U(  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 +*'  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 SjD,  
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分析 z1}YoCj1  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 uXq?Z@af|f  
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脚本代码 H6E@C}cyM  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. rg+28tlDn  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY k|0Fa}Z[  
Dim op As T_OPERATION "wL~E Si  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL $_ub.g|  
Dim A As Double .B*Yg<j  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 2!f0!<te  
Dim eID As Long }u cqzdk#2  
Dim parID As Long IIeEe7%#  
Dim count As Integer H
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double )?~3fb6^  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double #b\&Md|;  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ;y<)RM  
Dim ok As Long Hb'fEo r  
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Sub Main Y<TlvB)w  
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    '用户输入对话框 !OWVOq8  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 VOwt2&mZ  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 RtH[OZu(8  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 dvxD{UH  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 P]!$MOt  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 $D5[12X
 
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 1~8F&  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ^.Q{Aqu#.H  
    End Dialog $>v^%E;Y4  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog //@_`.  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) jjBcoQU$o  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 2T5@~^:7u  
        Print "Execution cancelled." RBr  
        End [?Y u3E\  
    End If F`8A!|cIy  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty D}"\nCz}y&  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then O/_}O_rR  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation <kn#`w1U'  
    Else QnZR  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ~]Mq
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    End If JiZ9ly(G  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then q9pBS1Ej  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ;w4rwL  
    Else \F,?ptu  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) o"[P++qd  
    End If z%ljEI"<C  
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    Print " " 7qon:]b4  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" \s&w0V`Y  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ;G!X?(%+  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation <<(~'$~,L  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness r&}fn"H!  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^]'p927  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens +<:p`%  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens W~W^$A  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens )
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness  _+|*  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction {x
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 1}S_CR4XBs  
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    '************************************************************************* >~BU<#  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) C'n 9n!hR  
    '************************************************************************* 3I:DL#f  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) TW3
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity <n }=zu  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y+/ofk"  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z +hjc~|RK  
    count = 0 }C"#b\A2  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \_x)E]
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        GetOperation eID, count, op b%$S6.  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6J%SkuxR  
            DeleteOperation eID,count b@1QE  
            count=count-1 dUb(C1h  
        End If 6ap,XFRMh  
        count=count+1 Z|8f7@k{|+  
    Wend \vQ_:-A  
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    'Set new shift in `9K'I-hv<8  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ::TUSz2/2  
    op.val1 = taq 7Fy^K;V"  
    op.parent = parID W:rzfO.`Z  
    AddOperation eID, op NPB':r-8  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 zztW7MG2lQ  
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    '************************************************************************* 2vWkAC;   
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens uT-WQ/id  
    '************************************************************************* MIR17%G  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) }ZYK3F  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic E\V>3rse  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 6_XX[.%  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant zLxWyPM0;  
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    '************************************************************************* +IS$Un  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens VwC,+B  
    '************************************************************************* m};
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 3\(s=-vh  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [MiD%FfcNH  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost B=Zo0p^  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost !)\`U/.W  
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    '************************************************************************* aD&10b9`  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) P$pl  
    '************************************************************************* uO^{+=;A=  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Sl$dXB@  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 1:>RQPXcWv  
    count = 0 *Lh0E/5  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [j!0R'T  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 9*2hBNp+  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then vfy-;R(  
            DeleteOperation eID,count V_ ]4UE  
            count=count-1 %^5$=w  
        End If Me`"@{r|#  
        count=count+1 9J|YP}%  
    Wend =  Oq;  
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    'Set new z-shift uj:w^t ][  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" "
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    op.val1 = tlens /kJ*WA?J  
    op.parent = parID \`XJz{Lm]  
    AddOperation eID, op /60[T@Mz  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens =x^I 5Pn  
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    '************************************************************************* O]PfQ  
    'Lens index of refraction n!N;WL3k  
    '************************************************************************* l+N?:E$5=%  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) w"BTu-I  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat )5&m:R9  
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    mat.Nd = nlens W4#:_R,&,  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat X
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens JPpYT~4  
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    '************************************************************************* |Ji?p>\~  
    'Pupil diameter T.|0;Eb  
    '************************************************************************* H?~u%b@   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) nRo`O  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) z`Q5J9_<cV  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 7<tqT @c  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens %-*vlNC)  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \W\6m0-
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) CX:^]wY  
    count = 0 QO?ha'Sl  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 05zHLj  
        GetOperation eID, count, op bFVdv&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Mb9q<4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count iwVra"y  
            count=count-1 7L\GI`y  
        End If #0P
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        count=count+1 FU[,,a0<<  
    Wend Mu(Y6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" HcVPJuD  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 0Fw\iy1o  
    op.parent = parID |l?ALP_g  
    AddOperation eID, op U-? ^B*<  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam _F*w ,b$8  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description TZP{=v<
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N1Z8I:  
    GetEntity eID, entity YH[_0!JY^  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" O}`01A!u;  
    SetEntity eID, entity 4l1=l#\S  
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    Update 3D.S[^s*  
    Print "DONE!" q7]WR(e  
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End Sub WV@Tm$
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： qN0#=X  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters u7C{
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ygW@[^g  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 9e)+<H  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 .apX72's,  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 uy9B8&Sr  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 KVcZ@0[S  
Set pupil diameter = 4 nMa^Eq#  
DONE! vg.%.~!9  
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