[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 MxIa,M<  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 <ukBAux,D  
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模型 -SrZ^  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 j )6  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. I4X9RYB6c  
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光源 l4oyF|oJTH  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 No'?8+i  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 J+u}uN@  

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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 v3I^81  
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视网膜的散射 T }}2J/sj  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 N T`S)P*?  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 l#'V SFm&  
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脚本 Y^eN}@]?&  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： @Jzk2,rI  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ?h= n5}Y  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 4ba*Nc*Yc  
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分析 uzy5rA==  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 @rTB&>`  
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脚本代码 `^bP9X_a  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Yj/afn(Jt  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY u
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Dim op As T_OPERATION )6OD@<r{  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL u
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Dim A As Double zJe KB8  
Dim pupilDiam As Double IOy0WHl|  
Dim eID As Long x'GB#svi  
Dim parID As Long `q^#u  
Dim count As Integer mci> MEb  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double tn]nl!_@  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double v"USD<   
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double $|N6I  
Dim ok As Long j#l=%H  
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Sub Main U"PcNQy  
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    '用户输入对话框 2HE@!*z9H  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 BI1M(d#1L"  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 k^J8 p#`6  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 IPQRdBQ  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 *WwM"NFHDd  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 mMAN*}`O  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ?:(y  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 y>I2}P  
    End Dialog 4Uy%wB  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog yPN'@{ 5#  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) uO%0rKW  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ^P)f]GQx  
        Print "Execution cancelled." "-~7lY%  
        End +jm,nM9  
    End If B `(jTL  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty [&)]-2w2  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then LgqQr6y"  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation pgU[di  
    Else /0s1;?  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 3BFOZV+  
    End If UcRP/LR%C  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then %w;qu1j  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter g`Z=Y7jLH  
    Else CMt<oT6.?  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) iC"iR\Qu  
    End If c+Q'4E0|  
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    Print " " lx)^
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Iy<>-e"|  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" UP
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation >)>f~>  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness &f*orM:  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens +|A`~\@N  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens b1&tk~D  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens +QChD*  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 7'0Vb!(  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness _$~>O7  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction N/4E ~^2  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation '&IGdB I  
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    '************************************************************************* {6i|"5_j  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) `#""JTA"  
    '************************************************************************* 9`in r.:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 56V|=MzX]  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ?qh-#,O9B  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  a"Qf  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z `7"="T~ *  
    count = 0 4G&`&fff]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count a4Q@sn;]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op GVY7`k"km  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >eJ<-3L;  
            DeleteOperation eID,count zsL@0]e&  
            count=count-1 HC iRk1  
        End If fz'qB-F Y  
        count=count+1 c_8&4  
    Wend 0ho;L0Nr'  
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    'Set new shift in o[Iu9.zJpy  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @G5T8qwN  
    op.val1 = taq VAPeMO ck  
    op.parent = parID 1%Xh[  
    AddOperation eID, op q*I*B1p[m  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 l\<.*6r  
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    '************************************************************************* /\mtCa.O  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens nrac)W  
    '************************************************************************* 1lw%RM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) zdN[Uc+1Bd  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic `v*HH}aDO  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Y
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 0|&@)`  
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    '************************************************************************* ,!orD1,'  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens br I;}m  
    '************************************************************************* 
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 3H2~?CaJ  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic fU>l:BzJK  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ee {ToK  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost H|%J"  
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    '************************************************************************* [
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) B+W7zv  
    '************************************************************************* P6+ B!pY  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ^J
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) jTa\I&s,A  
    count = 0 hGtz[u#p  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Giyh( DL  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \^)i!@v  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *b{IWOSe^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ';C'9k<P:  
            count=count-1 sfF~
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        End If Ht[$s40P  
        count=count+1 )vW'g3u_  
    Wend h;V4|jM  
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    'Set new z-shift (`(D $%  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" "J(M.Y  
    op.val1 = tlens $d<NN2  
    op.parent = parID
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    AddOperation eID, op 4=Th<,<  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Sn nfU  
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    '************************************************************************* +?J N_aR  
    'Lens index of refraction m23"xnRB  
    '************************************************************************* 4*XNk;Dx  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ?fxM1
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ]?6wU-a  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Tg{5%~L]  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat &5W;E+Pub  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Pe<VPf9+  
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    '************************************************************************* Q(& @ra!{  
    'Pupil diameter j_<qnBeQ  
    '************************************************************************* 5r5on#
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) lHM+<Z  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) $1.-m{Bd  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" C.?^] Y  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ~4fE`-O  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) H_&to3b(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) w)7y{ya$  
    count = 0 7yE\,  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 6kAAdy}ck  
        GetOperation eID, count, op a
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then UFj H8jSBx  
            DeleteOperation eID,count +La2-I  
            count=count-1 2Qe&FeT  
        End If 3Q,&D'];[  
        count=count+1 aM~IRLmK  
    Wend T=PqA)Ym  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" wO]e%BTO  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 R+HX'W  
    op.parent = parID 4X^$"lM  
    AddOperation eID, op 8H7#[?F  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ny KfM5s_  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description r D@*x
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6Z|h>H5a  
    GetEntity eID, entity ]N 9N][n  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "qgwuWbM  
    SetEntity eID, entity |%|
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    Update e]VW\6J&  
    Print "DONE!" t+v%%N_  
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End Sub G2|jS@L#  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： B@*b 9  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters YrnC'o`  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm !q+ #JW  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Erw1y,mF  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ;`oK5  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 #G#gc`S-,  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 cF 5|Pf  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 e,|gr"$/  
Set pupil diameter = 4 o8X_uKEI  
DONE! sJZ2e6?n  
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