[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ; p+C0!B2  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 j0F& WKk  
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模型 -0'<7FSQ  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ! qtj1.w  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. E-X02A  
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光源 b;`MHEzw&q  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 yqJ>Z%)hf  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 T_\hhP~  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 JBV 06T_4o  
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视网膜的散射 QVb{+`.7  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 dphWxB  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Rs'mk6+  
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脚本 4{$ L]toP  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： `'rvDa
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ypvz&SzIh  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 4?`*#DPl  
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分析 >b*}Td~J  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 7%|HtBXv^  
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脚本代码 SQdK`]4  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 7MX5hZF"  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ZyrVv\'  
Dim op As T_OPERATION pQCW6X  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL xc?=fv  
Dim A As Double _.GH
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Dim pupilDiam As Double P.Qz>c^-C  
Dim eID As Long D' h%.  
Dim parID As Long @(m?j1!M  
Dim count As Integer 3Q#3S  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double l Ztw[c  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double JIMi~mEiN  
Dim ok As Long Mgux(5`;  
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Sub Main qc/)l~]?g{  
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    '用户输入对话框 nhB.>ReAi  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 97^)B4  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 \~:_h#bW  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ?fvK<0S`  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Gr|102  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 _3m\r*(vmQ  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 zRA,Yi4;+  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 6M6r&,yRu  
    End Dialog 6$5SS#  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog %xN91j["  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) s,8g^aF4  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed DP &*P/
  
        Print "Execution cancelled." oN.#q$\` k  
        End ;TCT%j`^o  
    End If jGKI|v4U(  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty TE@b
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then C<q@C!A  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation <w0$0ku  
    Else ]= 9^wS  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 8'VcaU7Nh  
    End If HhT6gJWrU  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then `>\>'V<&  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter -Z&9pI(3R~  
    Else QR[i9'`<  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0`
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    End If Q|nGY:98  
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    Print " " _iZ9Ch\  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" y(=$z/  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" l#!6 tw+e?  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Kd').w  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness eW;0{P  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 7Ezy-x2h  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens S,^)\=v  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens :eW`El  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 8G|kKpX  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness J4q_}^/2w  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction W3 2]#M=  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation  |E9iG  
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    '************************************************************************* U|)CZcM  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) qI5`:PH%n  
    '************************************************************************* Ggp.%kS6F  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 05/'qf7P,U  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity NmZowh$M  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N9gbj%+  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z Eh/Z4pzT  
    count = 0 !5=S2<UX  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count nx'Yevi0$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op xjg(}w  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !t!\b9=  
            DeleteOperation eID,count &u~#bDh  
            count=count-1 YuKg|<WO  
        End If 7':qx}c#!1  
        count=count+1 <t"|wYAa_  
    Wend QK@[b3-h1  
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    'Set new shift in eeu;A
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 9a3mN(<  
    op.val1 = taq j55;E E!  
    op.parent = parID o=y0=,:a?9  
    AddOperation eID, op Ee 15Y$1  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 We?cRb  
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    '************************************************************************* k;xIo(:  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens K *xca(6  
    '************************************************************************* XX[CTh?O%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) _2E*  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic }>< v7  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant .p$tb2%r  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Xjs`iK=w  
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    '************************************************************************* }?^5L7n  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens VFLW@  
    '************************************************************************* RSK5 }2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) o%sx(g=q6  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ^M~Z_CQL2  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 8m"jd+  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost u;3wg`e  
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    '************************************************************************* >N8*O3  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \zM3{{mV/  
    '************************************************************************* 9L9qLF5 t  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) x#c%+  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) x_$`#m{hL5  
    count = 0 EUjA-L(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count wjc&S'[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op gOLN7K-)  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Vh'
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            DeleteOperation eID,count W|4h;[w  
            count=count-1 Y=\:fa  
        End If G;Py%8  
        count=count+1 Y4Y~ep  
    Wend 8"yZS)09  
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    'Set new z-shift B&>z&!}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" gi #dSd1\&  
    op.val1 = tlens |*n B2  
    op.parent = parID "< })X.t  
    AddOperation eID, op #6*20w_u  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens L6Io u  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Lens index of refraction ToX--w4  
    '************************************************************************* |qz&d=>  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Znd ,FqHk  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Yan}H}Oq  
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    mat.Nd = nlens _o7t| pl~  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat bYBEh n  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $0XR<D  
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    '************************************************************************* X.+|o@G  
    'Pupil diameter `!Yd$=*c_&  
    '************************************************************************* IxaF*4JG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) %ty`Oa2  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Y49&EQ  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 3 #"!Hg  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) bs0[ a 1/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) lokKjs  
    count = 0 1pAcaJzf  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count otX/sg.B*  
        GetOperation eID, count, op  ZvwU  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Cy dV$!&mP  
            DeleteOperation eID,count qe'RvBz  
            count=count-1 uHq;z{ 2GI  
        End If mDx=n.lIz  
        count=count+1 M+*K-zt0  
    Wend -9Dr;2\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" " v<O)1QT  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 n8tw8o%&[  
    op.parent = parID r @}N6U~*  
    AddOperation eID, op  +;-ZU  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 7=/iFv[  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description q%LjOPE V  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0O[le*3b  
    GetEntity eID, entity ,0c]/Sd*p  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" V!l?FOSZ  
    SetEntity eID, entity %JgdLn
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    Update bgxk:$E
 
    Print "DONE!" 3N5@<
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End Sub \SoT^PW  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： /b\c<'3NY  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters N0%q66]1  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 'E&tEbY  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 `NTtw;%Y  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 CF 3V)3}  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ,}O33BwJp  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Si@6'sw  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Wm}gnNwA  
Set pupil diameter = 4 w3z'ZCcr;"  
DONE! I{h KN V  
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