[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 J={OOj  
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模型 O`[iz/7m  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 mj~N]cxB  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. N{V5 D  
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光源 T7lj39pJq  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 x<*IF,o  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 @W1WReK]f  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 (U(/C5'  
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视网膜的散射 |z#m  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 :,S8T%d  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 $#G6m`V  
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脚本 J})$  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Wkg*J3O  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 }>{ L#JW  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 dysX  
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分析 ERfd7V<c>  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 v:veV.y  
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脚本代码 670J{b  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 00`bL  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ^i{,z*vi  
Dim op As T_OPERATION '?{0z!!  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ;f".'9 l^
 
Dim A As Double < 72s7*Rv  
Dim pupilDiam As Double DL'd&;6  
Dim eID As Long B#HnPUUK  
Dim parID As Long A+0T"2  
Dim count As Integer q4sl=`L5Sp  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double c&Gz> L  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double zQL!(2  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double r+p@X  
Dim ok As Long tXf}jU}  
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Sub Main Jj=yG"$!  
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    '用户输入对话框 W:VW_3  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 l9_m>X~  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ojN`#%X  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 !: m`9o8  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 /J1S@-  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 H{j~ihq7  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ?JuX~{{.L  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 %$/=4f.j  
    End Dialog 6PiEa(  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 'fS?xDs-v  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 3xBN10R#  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed |9+bSH9  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ,]f),;=  
        End eZynF<i  
    End If ge^!F>whr  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty P7}t lHX  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then xM%H~(  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation {udrT"h  
    Else P-[fHCg~  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) a;56k  
    End If MPjr_yc]  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 6eD(dZ  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter PASuf.U$"  
    Else K{|w 43>D  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) (d54C(")  
    End If <Cu'!h_nL  
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    Print " " >-VWm A  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Mx^y>\X)v  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 2y^U
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation d0'7efC+  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness .H Fc9^.*  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ~q{\;  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens %'$f ?y  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens a4%`"  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ,r@xPZPz:e  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness }bZ 8-v  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction >g=^,G}y  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation OO-_?8I}  
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    '************************************************************************* jz|
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) hl`u"?rg  
    '************************************************************************* t5%T
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 6j_ 678  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity bk.*k~_  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) M/*Bh,M`  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z { AFf:[G  
    count = 0 3be6p  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $Ru&>D#stK  
        GetOperation eID, count, op qbH%
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then SBC~QD>L+  
            DeleteOperation eID,count l@xWQj9  
            count=count-1 Pv~:gP  
        End If !-7_ +v>  
        count=count+1 OH>r[,z0  
    Wend AHq M7+r9  
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    'Set new shift in C B6A}m  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?gU}[]  
    op.val1 = taq N=q#y@L  
    op.parent = parID 2.ew^D#
 
    AddOperation eID, op kj-=xhJ{=  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 *u}'}jC1X  
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    '************************************************************************* 0fA=_=A,  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 7"#f!.E  
    '************************************************************************* ><cU7 ja[^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) @`6}`k  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ubi~%  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant >:A<"wZ  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant oooS s&t  
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    '************************************************************************* p=H3Q?HJ}  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ~JLYhA^'+<  
    '************************************************************************* @cPflb  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) a#$N%=j  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !W~QT}  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost =PZWS&(L
 
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost z{=v)F5y  
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    '************************************************************************* vTHq)
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) $2QYxY9s  
    '************************************************************************* V3Yd&HVWNQ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) nZxSMN0]  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) b4)k&*dfR  
    count = 0 6Kp}_^|z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `0rRKlbj4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op F{\=PCZ>7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then IkQe~;Y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count }3J=DCtS  
            count=count-1 NJm-%K  
        End If /kRAt^4!  
        count=count+1 6A?8tm/0  
    Wend Z%OW5]q  
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    'Set new z-shift _4v"")Xe  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8
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    op.val1 = tlens yPN+W8}f  
    op.parent = parID W~yLl%  
    AddOperation eID, op ?!y"OrHg  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens )b0];&hw]  
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    '************************************************************************* IJ_ m  
    'Lens index of refraction F,&)X>:l  
    '************************************************************************* 1x{kl01m%  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :BD>yOlG  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1O0X-C,wo$  
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    mat.Nd = nlens
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat N
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens j8a[
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    '************************************************************************* /NU103F yt  
    'Pupil diameter +>}o;`
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    '************************************************************************* B`1kGEx .  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) {OP~8e"  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) jkt6/H  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" +GeWg` \=  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens T,OS0;7O  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) jT-<IJh!o  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) y\,f6=%k  
    count = 0 O|e}   
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count RG}}Oh="v  
        GetOperation eID, count, op D5L{T+}Oi%  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then b 4OnZ;FI  
            DeleteOperation eID,count N}mh}  
            count=count-1 esI'"hVJ  
        End If ,Xtj;@~-  
        count=count+1 AY88h$a  
    Wend cz(G]{N  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6 64q~_@B1  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 12OlrU  
    op.parent = parID oKa>.e7.  
    AddOperation eID, op ;==j|/ERe  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam RRzP*A%=  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 5v|EAjB6o  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [.-a$J[4+F  
    GetEntity eID, entity u"Y]P*[k  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" " "%#cDR  
    SetEntity eID, entity vyU!+mlc  
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    Update QBihpA1;  
    Print "DONE!" m\-PU z&C  
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End Sub $[z<oN_Q  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： :1_mfX  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters vpLMhf`  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm >rf5)Y~f  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 (p,}'I#i*  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 8Z8Y[p  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 C6^j#rl  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 C}Qt "-%  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 >| m.?{^  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ab
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DONE! V^rW?Do  
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