[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 b*W01ist  
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模型 Zsx\GeE%:  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 [7@9wa1v!  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Ee 15Y$1  
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光源 ;FO( mL(  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 K *xca(6  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 #jd&f,Tt  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 JJVdq-k+`  
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视网膜的散射 (~OP)F).  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 lmpBf{~ S  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 6&s" "J)3  
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脚本 L wP  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ~x6<A\  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Ze"m;T  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 28x:]5=jb  
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分析 z[+S
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 8~ wP?  
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脚本代码 |*n B2  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ><i: P*ht  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY NE4 }!I  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 9
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL )18C(V-x  
Dim A As Double [ahK+J  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Znd ,FqHk  
Dim eID As Long }*?,&9/_)  
Dim parID As Long X+kgx!u'y  
Dim count As Integer \-8S"  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double >PK 6CR  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double %00cC~}4  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double A~({vb'  
Dim ok As Long bCqTubbx!t  
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Sub Main / }Pj^^6A<  
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    '用户输入对话框 BlfadM;  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 7j8lhrM}^  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 -G(#,rXk  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 o3JSh=  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 x;{Hd;<YF  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 X& mD/1  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 '<{Jlz(u9  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 !<>*|a  
    End Dialog {5]c\_.  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog "x3x$JQZy  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 4W#DLi
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed
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        Print "Execution cancelled." " v<O)1QT  
        End //'&a-%$^  
    End If +ZOK
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty WK0:3q(P  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then zx5#eMD  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation (67byO{  
    Else X;n09 L`CB  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) &0i$Y\g  
    End If ,0c]/Sd*p  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Lt ^*L%x  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 1'N<ITb  
    Else v: veKA  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) XFYa+]B2q  
    End If HX)]@qL  
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    Print " " m/"([Y_  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" a@J/[$5  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" xS>vmnW  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation a?yU;IKJ  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness c8Q}m(bhWI  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens  S'\e"w  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ltlo$`PR  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens |]9L#  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens :dpwr9)  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness vZW[y5  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction J?EDz,  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 0n'vF&E8  
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    '************************************************************************* 7F6B  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) vg5_@7  
    '************************************************************************* RgA"`p7{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) [61*/=gWe  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity G<Eb~].1'  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3fp&iz  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z aZCq{7Xs  
    count = 0 '5
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count fggs ;Le  
        GetOperation eID, count, op KyfH8Na?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W>i"p~!  
            DeleteOperation eID,count o.Rv<a5.L  
            count=count-1 ]/H6%"CTa  
        End If gK9d `5  
        count=count+1 Qj;{Z*l%+  
    Wend nvT@'y+  
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    'Set new shift in #MlpOk*G  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &=BzsBh  
    op.val1 = taq WA"~6U*  
    op.parent = parID  L"%SU  
    AddOperation eID, op l"%80"zO  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 |:&6eDlR  
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    '************************************************************************* j&oRj6;Ha+  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens M@{#yEP  
    '************************************************************************* N UX |  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) U
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ,`Y$}"M4  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ro\oL  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant U:C:ugm  
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    '************************************************************************* jh)@3c  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens xdm\[s  
    '************************************************************************* l^9gFp~I  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) <cp9+P
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Vv}R S@4U  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost v/q-{1  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost )ZpI%M?)  
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    '************************************************************************* |cf-S8pwY  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) @m9pb+=v  
    '************************************************************************* WC`h+SC`.  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) **Ioy+  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) {fzX2qMZ]  
    count = 0 p8~lGuH  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .Q,"gsY  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 5]N0p,f  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then FN-/~Su~J  
            DeleteOperation eID,count X3l>GeUi  
            count=count-1 M\C9^DX{  
        End If !H\oQv-I  
        count=count+1 KFd +7C9  
    Wend `Npa/Q  
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    'Set new z-shift {r&mNbz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" S)WxTE9  
    op.val1 = tlens O8@65URKx  
    op.parent = parID t<p#u=jOa  
    AddOperation eID, op DQQ]grU  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens })/P[^  
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    '************************************************************************* T(D6'm:X  
    'Lens index of refraction rUb{iU;~m  
    '************************************************************************* ZL6HD n!  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) gu(:'5cX  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat /:4J  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ]!B0= XP  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat yxt"vm;  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 5E'/8xpbB  
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    '************************************************************************* )}@D\(/@  
    'Pupil diameter ?}cmES kX@  
    '************************************************************************* #KJ# 1  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) *(OG+OkC  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @sLN  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 9Y:I)^ek  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens @
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) } {1IB  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) PEf yHf7`  
    count = 0 w \b+OW  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count M}\h?s   
        GetOperation eID, count, op O+}py{ st  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |U|>YA1[b  
            DeleteOperation eID,count t eY@)F  
            count=count-1 
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        End If i/9iM\2  
        count=count+1 c;VqEpsbl  
    Wend QoZV6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" tAAMSb9[d  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 BDI|z/~&  
    op.parent = parID NU=ru/  
    AddOperation eID, op A(FnU:  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam .4+Rac  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description :0J`4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) '=_(fa,  
    GetEntity eID, entity h9)S&Sk{s  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" &: Q'X  
    SetEntity eID, entity M=^d  
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    Update eYUb>M)  
    Print "DONE!" r2=@1=?8  
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End Sub TR DQ+Z  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： I1<WHq  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters bk0>f   
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm lFzVd N  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 (;{X-c}?  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 [neuwdN  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 S1QMS  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 l 
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 UGcmzwE  
Set pupil diameter = 4 v;]rFc#Px[  
DONE! 2%%\jlT_  
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