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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 6s,2NeVWa  
    Lh 9S8EU  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ek[kq[U9  
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    模型 @\~tHJ?hQd  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 bag&BHw  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 1D$::{h  
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    光源 g+9v$[!  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 /Ri,>}n  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 d +xA:  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ja75c~RUw  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 m %Y( O  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 6+Jry@  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 "!a`ygqpT  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 hBoP=X.~  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 |1i]L@&  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 7&px+155  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 U,38qKE  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 bHJoEYY^  
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    分析 08O7F  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 u&tFb]1@)  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 a! ?.F_T9A  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. )+*{Y$/U  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY $kIo4$.Y$  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION T|!D>l'  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL [='p!7 z  
    Dim A As Double bz$Qk;m=H  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double h*G#<M  
    Dim eID As Long hMz&JJ&B  
    Dim parID As Long =tNzGaWJ  
    Dim count As Integer joY1(Y  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double K Ka c6Zj  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double E;xMPK$  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double u2\+?`Ox  
    Dim ok As Long KCl &H  
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    Sub Main Vk WO}  
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        '用户输入对话框 X:R%1+&*  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 u\:rY)V  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 y%2%^wF  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |GuKU!  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 2|$lk8/,  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 D>ojW|@}  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Z6NJ)XQy6F  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 `(!W s\:  
        End Dialog >/8ru*Oc  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog u >81dO]H  
    .|U4N/XN%q  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) XynU/Go,  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Gee~>:_Q{J  
            Print "Execution cancelled." "$]ls9-%n  
            End HgYc@P*b  
        End If &K+  
    *&(2`#C;  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Q^[e/U,  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then p "/(>8  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation KlY,NSlQ  
        Else 2]2{&bu  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) LjSLg[i  
        End If qo)Q}0  
    _yiR h:  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then  V+peO  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter z~BD(FDI  
        Else | A3U@>6  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ? 7/W>  
        End If t8t}7XD   
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        Print " " &t~zD4u B  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Sjw2 j#Q  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" wTB)v!  
    *^X#Eb  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation C  usVW  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness lTx Y6vi  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens kw 6cFz  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens r hiS  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens j|&{e91,?  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens l#X=]xQf  
    FYp|oD2=1  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness XC*uz  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction +R2^* *<  
    M4zX*&w.T  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation BO?mQu~  
    mGt\7&`  
        '************************************************************************* [B}1z  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) !S~,> ,yd  
        '************************************************************************* }5fU7&jA;3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) hZp=BM"bJ  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity <^CYxy  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }%-UL{3%  
    @PT`CK}  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z V<7R_}^_7  
        count = 0 fKPiRlLS  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ZmEG<T05  
            GetOperation eID, count, op x?%rx}h  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \?bwm&6+r  
                DeleteOperation eID,count R2Twm!1  
                count=count-1 g,00'z_D  
            End If }s`jl` `PM  
            count=count+1 Ul '~opf  
        Wend S1D9AcK  
    9 eSN+q  
        'Set new shift in 4(` 2#  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" w^ixMn~nLF  
        op.val1 = taq ArNur~  
        op.parent = parID iifc;62  
        AddOperation eID, op :'5G_4y)h  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ?D RFsA  
    4 ?9soc  
        '************************************************************************* *4(/t$)pEl  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ^/_\etV  
        '************************************************************************* r!{w93rPX  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) y+K7WUwhq  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic )z]q"s5 Y  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant "wT ~$I"  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Ov $N"  
    (t]lP/  
        '************************************************************************* uvu**s  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens o~i]W.SI(  
        '************************************************************************* o7_MMeQ4  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ?RgU6/2  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic +zFV~]b  
    /E`l:&89)  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost K^!e-Xi6  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost "| .  +L  
    AJ;u&&c4C\  
        '************************************************************************* OmTZ-*N  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) pm'@2dT  
        '************************************************************************* TEaD-mY3  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,Az`6PW  
    :GwSs'$O  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) -V;0_Nx7p  
        count = 0 88tFB  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,xtK PA  
            GetOperation eID, count, op U/1[~429  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %nDPM? aO  
                DeleteOperation eID,count H6%!v1 u  
                count=count-1 O?C-nw6kP  
            End If z:ru68  
            count=count+1 D,}'E0  
        Wend ps!5HZ2:  
    rZ8Y=) e  
        'Set new z-shift 3<zTkI  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" b*'=W"%\  
        op.val1 = tlens _V_8p)%  
        op.parent = parID 5UrXVdP  
        AddOperation eID, op H0D>A<Ue  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens W%cj39$  
    .T#y N\S1  
        '************************************************************************* g:.,}L  
        'Lens index of refraction c:?#zX  
        '************************************************************************* \J,- <wF  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) |"Xi%CQ2  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat |l6<GWG+  
    NgE&KPj\  
        mat.Nd = nlens 5I8FD".i  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat s% L" c  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens xu%! b0  
    )5GdvqA  
        '************************************************************************* >?G|Yz*kEJ  
        'Pupil diameter }Ll3AR7\  
        '************************************************************************* lry& )G=5  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ? !oVf>  
    ga{25q}"  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) A/$KA'jX  
    |7S4;  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ~q8V<@?  
    I9*BENkR  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens MuFU?3ovG*  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~*' 8=D?)  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) c5=v`hv  
        count = 0 P[#WHbn  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h-2E9Z  
            GetOperation eID, count, op PBAz` y2  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then j?f,~Y<k  
                DeleteOperation eID,count *&hXJJ[+  
                count=count-1 ^EuyvftZ  
            End If /8$1[[[  
            count=count+1 r_g\_y7ua  
        Wend WB=<W#?w7%  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" _ntW}})K  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 *xv/b=  
        op.parent = parID p+`*~6Jj/  
        AddOperation eID, op px [1#*  
    (1elF)  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam t5X^(@q4N  
    ^+- L;XkeY  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description S,"ChR  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }<\65 B$1  
        GetEntity eID, entity ,syA()  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" /ie3H,2  
        SetEntity eID, entity Iu1Sj`A  
    }lNuf u  
        Update ,8J*S  
        Print "DONE!"  ,3@15j  
         Yyo9{4v+p{  
    End Sub Z z; <P  
    )Py+jc.  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: E9Xk8w'+  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters !(ux.T0  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ]!tYrSM!  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Za:BJ:  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 }%>$}4 ,  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 )(ZPSg$/F  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 >nIcF m  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 8v)~J}[Bz  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ^pQ;0[9Y0  
    DONE! "PX3%II  
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    tFST.yT>zg  
    QQ:2987619807 /<?X-IDz.{  
     
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