[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 (Q%'N3gk  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 _7IKzUn9g[  
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模型 zXv3:uRp.  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 bA\<.d  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 6fd+Q /  
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光源 vJ\pR~?  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 70f Klp  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 <@}I0  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 A3B56K  
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视网膜的散射 w=LP"bqlI  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 2>
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 6&bY}i^K  
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脚本 AZa6Cw  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： SVv;q?jZ  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ]%BWIqbr  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 J9\a{c;.  
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分析 @J5Jpt*IE  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 4'-|UPhx  
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脚本代码 4m*M,#mV  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ,WvY$_#xW%  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY )//I'V  
Dim op As T_OPERATION oS7(s  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 9lGOWRxR)  
Dim A As Double \MjJ9u `8  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 1Wm)rXW[x  
Dim eID As Long AJSx%?h:6  
Dim parID As Long y`$Q\}fS  
Dim count As Integer ,
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double INkD=tX  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double x_c7R;C  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 94 e): jS  
Dim ok As Long [5uRS}!  
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Sub Main 7zH
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    '用户输入对话框 -i4&v7"  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 H}H7lO  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 yv\#8I:qh  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Ux#x#N  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 e|&6$A>4]  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ]~6_WE8L  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 C_4)=#@GU  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 @BrMl%gV  
    End Dialog T"&)&"W*U  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog :.?gHF.?  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) E@-KGsdhK  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed IBQ@{QB  
        Print "Execution cancelled." XuD=E  
        End \EKU*5\Hp>  
    End If B9T!j]'  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty /;tPNp{!dw  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then FJ %  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation p|Q*5
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    Else fm(e3]  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) vk>b#%1{  
    End If fx@j?*Qb  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 2MATpV#BT  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ?x+Z)`w_  
    Else 6<N
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w,O
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    End If u5~Ns&o&
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    Print " " N<QjdD&  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" E;d7
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >@YtDl8R  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 6<'rG''  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness e#,~,W.H  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Wm H~m k"  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens _{Sm k[  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Cn>ADWpT&  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens $5v0m#[^  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness N`E-+9L)  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction !r`,=
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 50 A^bbid  
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    '************************************************************************* ]r3Kg12
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) O:{U^K:*  
    '************************************************************************* (mtoA#X1:h  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >6oOZbUY0  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity p-%|P]&  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _BFOc>0  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z p~.8\bI=  
    count = 0 e(NLX`  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count x+]!m/  
        GetOperation eID, count, op S!PzLTc  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then AW#<i_Ybf  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %+ FG,d  
            count=count-1 8vuCc=  
        End If /)xlJUq  
        count=count+1 66#
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    Wend \m=?xb8 f  
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    'Set new shift in zZiJ 9 e  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &20P,8@  
    op.val1 = taq cEe?*\G  
    op.parent = parID *jMk/9oa<N  
    AddOperation eID, op K^rIG6  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ^FZ^6*
 
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    '************************************************************************* =<@\,xN>C  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens W5/0`[4  
    '************************************************************************* m^_6:Q0F!8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ubu?S%`  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 'a^{=+  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant BZb]SoA
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 83cW=?UgA  
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    '************************************************************************* CSV;+,Vv  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens p"*y58  
    '************************************************************************* @<M*qK1h  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Qp2I[Ioz3  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #k<":O  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ^). )  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost dY"}\v6  
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    '************************************************************************* tn|,O.t  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 4yaxl\2  
    '************************************************************************* )' xE
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) pium$4l2#  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) kCUT ^  
    count = 0 19(Dj&x  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count u@p?  
        GetOperation eID, count, op hNXBVIL<&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then NZu)j["  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %~j2 ('Y  
            count=count-1 <DH*~tLp2  
        End If  ni  
        count=count+1 IMQ]1uq0$  
    Wend JNWg|Qt  
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    'Set new z-shift ^D@b;EyK  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" I\\QS.2  
    op.val1 = tlens &X`u9 V  
    op.parent = parID f>$h@/-*  
    AddOperation eID, op gQ~5M'#  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens IfDx@?OB  
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    '************************************************************************* nzX@:7g  
    'Lens index of refraction Uz%Z&K  
    '************************************************************************* ? 81X  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) lEPAP|~uw  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat [O-sVYB  
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    mat.Nd = nlens vMSW$Bx ;  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat pz_e=xr  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ^_p%Yv  
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    '************************************************************************* ly4Qg\l  
    'Pupil diameter V'Qn sI  
    '************************************************************************* o%M<-l"!/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" )
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) <c,~aq#W'  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" daZQz"PP  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens K2'O]#  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) IGj`_a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) :ipoD%@  
    count = 0 Q^eJ4{Ya:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3$M3Q]z  
        GetOperation eID, count, op !)NidG  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Aq#/2t  
            DeleteOperation eID,count dc0@Y  
            count=count-1 H!IDV}dn  
        End If d<o.o?Vc  
        count=count+1 ^E>CGGS4  
    Wend d-!<C7O}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]]iO- }  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 {^q)^<#JT  
    op.parent = parID Ar, 9U9  
    AddOperation eID, op 0x)dnq\  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam !FG%2L4?,5  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Mpx/S<Z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 'Am-vhpm  
    GetEntity eID, entity x%BF{Sw  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" :iY$82wQ  
    SetEntity eID, entity 6`nR5fh  
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    Update s_wUM)!  
    Print "DONE!" eG]a zt  
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End Sub 8<PKKDgbfd  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 2:v<qX  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 66ohmP@04Z  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm |'hLa  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 FRyPeZR  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 oNRG25  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 *v #/Y9}  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ]W9B6G_  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ]A:(L9  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Pern*x9$  
DONE! o'UHStk
 
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