[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ^\PRzY  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 -;cF)C--12  
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模型 4b<|jVl\  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Q0xGd(\  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. p&I>xu8fl  
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光源 jm%P-C @  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 w10~IP  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 FWu:5fBZY  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 y],opG6  
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视网膜的散射 ]#NfH-T  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 IhzY7U)}T  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 tD`^qMua  
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脚本 rOOo42YW`  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： XOX$uLm  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Q=! lbW  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 sDs.da#*2  
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分析 a5Vlfx  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 G1it 3^*$  
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脚本代码 rXmrT%7k  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. mvH}G8  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY j&dCP
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Dim op As T_OPERATION ,Gy,bcv{  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Fep@VkN  
Dim A As Double K"[jrvZ=  
Dim pupilDiam As Double _*=4xmB.=  
Dim eID As Long *0oa2fz%  
Dim parID As Long V|A.M-XLv4  
Dim count As Integer 8Y%
  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double >"UXY)  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double X*#\JF4$i  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 5M>p%/  
Dim ok As Long zEQQ4)mA  
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Sub Main _"F=4`lJ  
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    '用户输入对话框 iLQO .'{U  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ZuWhgnp  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 mx1Bk9h%Xe  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 &OFVqm^  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 iuqJPW^}  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 c='W{47  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 JoB-&r}\V*  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 B^M L}$  
    End Dialog tag)IWAiE  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog _`C|K>:  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) -mO<(wfV>  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed lpd~U2&  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ;[lLFI  
        End 8WLh7[  
    End If L4+R8ojG  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty `6Q+N=k~Z  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation =|O]X|y-lZ  
    Else ~K)FuL[*  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 6_8yQ  
    End If LkafB2y  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then p? +!*BZ  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ,: z]15fX  
    Else J#w=Z>oz<  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) u<n['Ur}|  
    End If / E!6]b/  
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    Print " " u ?F},VL;  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" \2f?)id~  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" oN83`Z  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation .1h\r, #  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 4ke.p<dG  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens b*Hk} !qH  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens j$u  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Z@JTZMN_  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 0jXDjk5'<  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness b V_<5PHP  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction _=[pW2p  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 2nFr?Y3g,  
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    '************************************************************************* 8;UkZN"hy5  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) RY,L'GtO  
    '************************************************************************* ncsk(`lo  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) sBxCi~  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ][\ uH|  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8M['-  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z *MWI`=c  
    count = 0 >G0ihhVt  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xnZ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op MA 6uJT  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then cnDBT3$~Z  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~a>3,v-  
            count=count-1 fhHTp_u)2  
        End If mL@7,GD  
        count=count+1 *:chN' <  
    Wend Kna@K$6{w=  
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    'Set new shift in {X\FS  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :bP <H  
    op.val1 = taq ' b,zE[Q  
    op.parent = parID |L)qH"Eo  
    AddOperation eID, op !uKuO  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 HM\}C.u  
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    '************************************************************************* U<
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ${UH!n{  
    '************************************************************************* %)r1?H} #%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [!#;QQ&M  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;4vx+>-  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 6A} 45  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant zL+M-2hV  
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    '************************************************************************* !`dn# j  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Eo{js?1G_  
    '************************************************************************* WZ@$bf}f0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) )5U7w
 
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic {'zs4)vw  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost #fF';Y7  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost V#-8[G6Ra  
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    '************************************************************************* ^+dL7g?+  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) )}\J   
    '************************************************************************* 9\R+g5  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) sCAWrbOe>  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) z`y^o*qc]  
    count = 0 R?kyJ4S  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ]*AQT7PH  
        GetOperation eID, count, op L q;=UE  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then iC<qWq|S_m  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~w$ ^`e!]  
            count=count-1 gs=(h*  
        End If 2o`L^^  
        count=count+1 AhSN'gWpbF  
    Wend 4"%LgV`  
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    'Set new z-shift hQbz}x  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?xCWg.#l4V  
    op.val1 = tlens <a%RKjQvT  
    op.parent = parID NB)22 %  
    AddOperation eID, op ]AB4w+6!  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens P?YcZAJT*  
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    '************************************************************************* V0F&a~Q  
    'Lens index of refraction USyOHHPW@  
    '************************************************************************* YZ^;xV  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) e:RgCDWL  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat q{+Pf/M5  
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    mat.Nd = nlens S8)6@ECC  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat zM|Y X<  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ,9~2#[|lq  
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    '************************************************************************* Vqxxm&^P  
    'Pupil diameter ~myY-nEY  
    '************************************************************************* 5g;i{T/6~x  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" )  F]KAnEf  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) &X OFc.u  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 59M\uVWR  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens tx||<8  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mvt%3zCB!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Ex}hk!  
    count = 0 #Q61c  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count F>[T)t{m=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op AqucP@  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then phqmr5s^H  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ^;a~_9 m-  
            count=count-1 @j=Q$k.GF  
        End If FkY <I]F  
        count=count+1 S;I}:F#5  
    Wend 58o'Q  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"  MON]rj7  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 0hM!#BU5K  
    op.parent = parID C0%yGLh&  
    AddOperation eID, op
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Iju9#b6  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description yw+LT,AQ.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) q
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    GetEntity eID, entity 8t >nL  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" k?;B1D8-n  
    SetEntity eID, entity B 42t  
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    Update ;30SnR/  
    Print "DONE!" aV`_@F-8  
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End Sub EN;s 8sC!  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Dg o-Os@  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters yU'<b.]  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm _|I`A6`=  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 q1?}G5a?  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 &ws^Dm]R  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ="J *v>  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 D,P{ ,/  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 rc`}QoB)R  
Set pupil diameter = 4 uJ T^=Y  
DONE! X)b@ia'"Wp  
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