[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 @An "ClDa  
q|EE em  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ruf*-&Kr7  
 )ld !(d=  
模型 $%%K9Y  
wv6rjg:7  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ~AX@o-WU  
doj$chy  
s/"l ?d  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. k`u:Cz#aB  
3WTNWz#h  
光源 n>5/y c"/q  
*pOdM0AE  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 en1NFP  
MU-T>S4  
7^3a296  
SFaG`T=  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ;`(l)X+7  
:RqTbE4B  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 InCJ4D  
^rP` .Z  
AfV a[{E  
"y5LojdCs  
视网膜的散射 $ M8ZF(W  
AD=qB5:  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 P%nN#Qm  
yH:gFEJ:x  
`1Cg)\&[e0  
jH4'jB  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 }5I+VY7a  
iFi6,V*PRt  
%~$P.Zh  
6(9S'~*'R  
脚本 o;#9$j7QP!  
B>!OW2q0D  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Oosr`e@S  
bL)7/E  
-76l*=|  
p3N/"t&>  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 
bV~z}V&  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 `RriVYc<  
b_p/ 1W:  
分析 gFx2\QV  
(C=.&',P  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 r*gQGvc  
~%8T_R/3  
x_yQoae  
脚本代码 tzKIi_2  
.ZzxW  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. , '_y@9?I  
Ns*&;x9  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY /&`sB|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION lebwGW,!  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL x)h|!T=B~  
Dim A As Double .0[ zZ  
Dim pupilDiam As Double eMDO;q  
Dim eID As Long 63EwV p/|  
Dim parID As Long n*Q~<`T  
Dim count As Integer Qel2OI`b  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double LZ?z5U:  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double
.h0@Vs  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double :7&-<ae2  
Dim ok As Long Wvg
+5Q  

vfn _Nq;  
Sub Main \N[Z58R !z  
afOix"  
    '用户输入对话框 M$O*@])  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 _(R1En1  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 pel{
;r  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 \bc ob8u  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ]rpU3 3  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 )U?O4| \P  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ry2ZVIFa  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 6hW ~Q  
    End Dialog Xqz\%&G  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog fH
#*r|~  
,?OWwm&J  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) H2plT  
9Ez>srH(  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed &N`s@K
a  
        Print "Execution cancelled." </.9QV  
        End 3t*e|Ih&j5  
    End If ;AjY-w  
)yOdRRP  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty (pU@$H  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then  x+=Ko  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation t,f)!D$
 
    Else `[&) X  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ]WO0v`xh  
    End If }u>F}mUa  
-_p+4tV  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then npj_i /&g  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter doERBg`Jh  
    Else gq'}LcV  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) *i=+["A  
    End If U)P
NY  
p H5iv>H  
    Print " " c6;326aDq  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" %/K'VE6pb  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" &{x%"Aq/  
m,u5S=3A{!  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 5Dhpcgq<<  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness /F(wb_!  
#TXN\YNP  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens (F<VcB  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens kPt] [1jo  
sp2"c"_+  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens :nt 7jm,  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens _>6xUt  
\L-K}U>
J  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness @AvDV$F  
tm"9`   
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction BotGPk><c  
cIm_~HH  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation TSl:a &  
-$@$  
    '************************************************************************* 4)cQU.(*k  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) &EELq"5K  
    '************************************************************************* t7t?xk!2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) WRq:xDRn0  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity uA'S8b%C  
,vxxp]#5  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :75$e%'A  
i
r72fSe  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z pBd_BaN  
    count = 0 'V*ixK8R0  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count C9,|G7~*q  
        GetOperation eID, count, op c Nhy.Z~D  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then M_:_(y>l  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 4P>[]~S  
            count=count-1 z ?3G`  
        End If MR) *Xh  
        count=count+1 FnoE\2}9  
    Wend sQ)D.9\~  
i42M.M6D$  
    'Set new shift in n]15 ~GO.  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _
RTJEG  
    op.val1 = taq oCCTRLb02  
    op.parent = parID g
!#M0  
    AddOperation eID, op CQ4MQ<BJ.  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 (}1:]D{)@V  
]uikE2nn  
    '************************************************************************* }!&Vcf  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens )&nfV5@"  
    '************************************************************************* k\ 2.\Lwb  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) q&:UP  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic z'W8t|m}Pb  
l/wdu(  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant \V1geSoE  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant tK|jh  
@hb K  
    '************************************************************************* 8zOoVO  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ! H^,p$`[i  
    '************************************************************************* rt_k }  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Q^B !^_M  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic d,hKy2
 
;$VQRXq  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost L/YEW7M  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost k3 YDnMRA9  
+K@wh  
    '************************************************************************* /"f4aF[  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) <{z*6FM!'  
    '************************************************************************* vFz#A/1  
&e-MOM2&  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) dr54D  
y{?wxg9  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 6]Vf`i  
    count = 0 =vpXYj  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count N084k}io  
        GetOperation eID, count, op daX$=n  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (]Pr[xB  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [?=Vqd  
            count=count-1 zL%ruWNG  
        End If HW
@r1[Y  
        count=count+1 ik;S!S\
v  
    Wend u>K(m))5W3  
#},4m  
    'Set new z-shift |e]2 >NjQa  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" "u H VX|`  
    op.val1 = tlens &nRbI:R  
    op.parent = parID zFFip/z\  
    AddOperation eID, op 4GL-3e  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ri]"a?Rm  
~vL`[J
iK  
    '************************************************************************* CY
4ntd4M  
    'Lens index of refraction fx"~WeVcO  
    '************************************************************************* GY3g`M   
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) A_ftf7,  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ){sn!5=  
|)4aIa  
    mat.Nd = nlens Gy3t   
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat #guq/g$  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens N!TC}#}l  
Mq#sSBE<K  
    '************************************************************************* b.4H4LV  
    'Pupil diameter Q|CLis-  
    '************************************************************************* $3BH82  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" )  g%.;ZlK  
0C,2gcq  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) `yvH0B -  
Mqk[+n  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" NCKhrDd&  
n{@^ne4m  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens n6 VX0R  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) p_Yx"nO7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) MIn6p  
    count = 0 ^(:Z*+X~>  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ($vaj;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 6z-&Zu7@  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then T 8. to
 
            DeleteOperation eID,count .Jvy0B} B  
            count=count-1 5TB==Fj ?  
        End If -!s?d5k")  
        count=count+1 pAY[XN  
    Wend UD+r{s/%  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $.g)%#h:  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 sT;:V  
    op.parent = parID Tl%n|pc  
    AddOperation eID, op h=7eOK]  
H*
H=a  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ;Q}pmBkqB  
KsG>,# Q  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description E979qKl  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {<k}U;uiO  
    GetEntity eID, entity %ylpn7I\6  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" G#f(oGn :  
    SetEntity eID, entity M6MtE_E  
)yyS59s  
    Update o<f#Zi  
    Print "DONE!" h{BO\^6x  
     F,NS:mE  
End Sub #R#o/@|  
.o"FT~}z  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 1^HUu"Kt  
Qk_Mx"  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters Kd%>:E*  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm &58TX[#  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 giNyD4uO  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 &l| :1  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 J nzI- y  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 jaOt"iU.B  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 :{tj5P!S  
Set pupil diameter = 4 L(ni6-  
DONE! 3L5o8?[  
B;6N.X(K  
(+=TKI<=  
QQ：2987619807 f[;l7