[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Ic}ofBK  
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模型 Dkb
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 !`_f\  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 0I((UA/7Zs  
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光源 ^0Q*o1W  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 _zh5KP[{  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 .Qt3!ek  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Hz8`)cv`  
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视网膜的散射 od1omYsR  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 >UY_:cW4%m  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 j7#GqVS'  
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脚本 *t{c}Y&@  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： WV1
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 e[mhbFf-  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Q5nyD/k4c  
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分析 O6,"#BX  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 =veOVv[Q&/  
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脚本代码 v7FRTrqjj  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. yj'' \  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY eM=)>zl  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ;[%}Xx  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ^[}0&_L w  
Dim A As Double OI_/7@L  
Dim pupilDiam As Double VnSj:LUD  
Dim eID As Long iW1ih QX  
Dim parID As Long QeeC2  
Dim count As Integer hLbT
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 0IgnpeA]  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double o1X/<.0+  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double &1E~ \
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Dim ok As Long `bZU&A(`Be  
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Sub Main S2ppKlVv  
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    '用户输入对话框 0uIV6LI  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 HS
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 4ZJT[zi  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 3H'nRK},  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 #EmffVtY  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 sb|3|J6=  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 vbA7I<;  
    End Dialog {nPkb5xbW  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog a|P~LMPM  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) +# RlX3P  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -S,ir  
        Print "Execution cancelled." E]H   
        End Sz|Y$,  
    End If g/l0}%  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty we\b]  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ~w1{zxs  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation "6E1W,|{  
    Else nI*
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) PUE'Rr(Q  
    End If (I7&8$Zl  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then lbKv  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter b#p~F}qT  
    Else \za5:?[xB  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) I(^jOgYU  
    End If T$n>7X-r  
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    Print " " J
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" CRc!|?  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" hsHVX[<5`  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation r*i$+ Z  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 6bbZ<E5At  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens h;EwkbDQg>  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ZL-uwI!`D  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens X(r)Z\  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +}c|O+6g  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Y7*(_P3/  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation e;A^.\SP  
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    '************************************************************************* %aj7-K6:t  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) kyW6S+#-  
    '************************************************************************* 943I:, B  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -+3be(u  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ]]p19[4s  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^%n124
 
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 0|+>A?E}E  
    count = 0 n!0${QVnS  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~vW)1XnK  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \LIy:$`8  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,}9f(`  
            DeleteOperation eID,count =cf{f]N
 
            count=count-1 M&uzOK+  
        End If v}7@CP]nV  
        count=count+1 *Rz{44LP&  
    Wend 8A2if9E3  
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    'Set new shift in b@=zrhQ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `4VO&lRm  
    op.val1 = taq Xtci0eS#V  
    op.parent = parID -Bo86t)F  
    AddOperation eID, op ^G}# jg.  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Bz~ -2#l  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 7d3'CQQ4  
    '************************************************************************* mWNR(()v  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) \Os:6U=X-  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _ymJ~MK  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant sS C?io  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 98BYtxa
 
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    '************************************************************************* y7CWBTH0>  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 8ou e-:/a  
    '************************************************************************* HDyQzCG,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) g93I+  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic e&d3SQ%  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost <e'P%tG'  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost :FnOS<_B  
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    '************************************************************************* ppEJs  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) a]`itjL^  
    '************************************************************************* ^rL,&rk  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 1XG$ z@NN  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) iDZrK%fl  
    count = 0 y $:yz;  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *]5z^> q;7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op !&W|myN^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then A 6:Q<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 5!~!j "q  
            count=count-1 4&|C}  
        End If 5Yl6?  
        count=count+1 Gi*<~`Gr  
    Wend :ztyxJv1  
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    'Set new z-shift M^uU4My  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5lO^;.cS,  
    op.val1 = tlens [G\o+D?2  
    op.parent = parID G[#.mD{k  
    AddOperation eID, op K<#-"Xe;  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens L.kD,'G}>  
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    '************************************************************************* L7m`HVCt&  
    'Lens index of refraction A]j}'  
    '************************************************************************* g&bwtEZ  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) `0?^[;[u[  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat B3Mx,uXT\  
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    mat.Nd = nlens u^l*5F%DK  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat y<|)'(  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $Buf#8)F*  
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    '************************************************************************* dQai4e>[  
    'Pupil diameter %lV@:"G  
    '************************************************************************* vb %T7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ?ZaD=nh$mK  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) %]#VdS|N
  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" %[XY67A3I  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \dTQQ  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %@P``  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) =5Wp
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    count = 0 jXWNHIl)@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count D M}s0O$0  
        GetOperation eID, count, op JR)/c6
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then x<s|vgl|  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7WP%J-   
            count=count-1 E+z18Lf?  
        End If C3)|<E  
        count=count+1 q3)wr%!k5D  
    Wend Ft) lp>3gv  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" tOM(U-7Z&  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 H} 6CKP}  
    op.parent = parID ]~8v^A7u  
    AddOperation eID, op &n|*uLn  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ;E#\  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description &bLC(e]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f>z`i\1oO  
    GetEntity eID, entity b=1%pX_  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" !}5*?k g  
    SetEntity eID, entity xr.XU'  
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    Update W' e
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    Print "DONE!" AK*N  
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End Sub 9 mPIykAj8  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 2tf6GX:  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Sl>>SP  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm jV^C19  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Hbk&6kS  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 C(o.Cy6  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019  rN"Xz  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 2x
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ^i'y6J  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ZPyM>XK$4  
DONE! s4$X  
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