[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 u&g} !Smc8  
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模型 ilNm\fQ.  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 |6uEf/*DX  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. R8?A%yxf  
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光源 KYeA=  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ^yb_aCw  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Ea3tF0{  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 >,9t<p=Q  
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视网膜的散射 5jV]{ZV#  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Uligr_c?  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 `q/y|/v<  
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脚本 @.gCeMlOf  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： H11Wb(6Wu  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 o]FQ)WRB  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 <.AIVp  
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分析 NN$`n*;l  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 eFx*lYjA  
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脚本代码 M\]E;C'"U  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ' ZB%McS  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY n[clYi@e  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ^.4<#Qs  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <&NR3^Eq  
Dim A As Double 65}:2l2<  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Xu T|vh  
Dim eID As Long {<i!Pm  
Dim parID As Long hIw*dob  
Dim count As Integer 6-^+btl)#  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (O&b:D/Y  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double QR#,n@fE  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ;xRyONt  
Dim ok As Long qR1ez-#K  
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Sub Main z C``G<TB  
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    '用户输入对话框 %AJdtJ@0H  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @!Pq"/  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 H@6  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 WT0U)x( m5  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 <k)rfv7  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 }{ P}P}  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 i^W\YLE  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ;m\(fW*ii  
    End Dialog t EN%mK  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 2vur_`cV  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) aH~il!K  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed `zvYuKQ.}  
        Print "Execution cancelled." xE}q(.]  
        End e5AiIVlv  
    End If $V+ze*ra  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 5-sxTp  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then sPhh#VCw{  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation @U9ov >E  
    Else [[)HPHSQ  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) %@IR7v~  
    End If +yYz;, \  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then E0*81PS  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 7[K$os5al  
    Else rj6wKfz  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) "{&!fD~w  
    End If dtnAMa5$T  
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    Print " " U_!6pqFc  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" w</
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" m=#2u4H4  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation NTn-4iJy  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness a~{mRh  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 8 /\rmf\  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens *f,EDSN1@d  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens GB{%4)%6  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness [WB8X,  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Q!@"Y/  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 9iGJYMWf  
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    '************************************************************************* y0z}[hZ  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) JWEqy+,Fjw  
    '************************************************************************* M,7v}[Tbl  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) p^^<BjkQ  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Xp%JPI {  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tQ*5[F,fm  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z }PoB`H'K5  
    count = 0 -`A6K!W&~p  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &6!x;RB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op tNq~M  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2o6%P}C  
            DeleteOperation eID,count >8QLo8)3C  
            count=count-1 /5SBLp
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        End If &,bJ]J)8O  
        count=count+1 KecRjon~  
    Wend ;Q\Duj  
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    'Set new shift in \QQw1c+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" V:yia^1  
    op.val1 = taq yv&&x.!.Z  
    op.parent = parID meE&, {  
    AddOperation eID, op q.~_vS%  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Ia[e7  
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    '************************************************************************* )88z=5.  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens eR=P  
    '************************************************************************* }ob#LC,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) <Knl6$B  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic lorjMS  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant R9^Vk*`gFU  
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    '************************************************************************* +%o
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 'tklz*  
    '************************************************************************* KP%A0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Qv|A^%Ub!  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;3 O
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 4uwI=
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost X=8y$Yy  
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    '************************************************************************* H)ud?vB6  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) I& DEF*  
    '************************************************************************* ]-
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) pxDkf|*  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) % tTL  
    count = 0 [RoOc)u  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count IxkL]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op iz.J._&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]QlgVw,  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ,( u-x!  
            count=count-1 p(=}Qqdr8  
        End If u$O` \=  
        count=count+1 $SQUN*/>  
    Wend 2<q>]G-nN  
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    'Set new z-shift zmB6Y t  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &{-r 5d23  
    op.val1 = tlens Jz
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    op.parent = parID f{mWy1NH\  
    AddOperation eID, op i&=I5
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens {<+B>6^  
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    '************************************************************************* ]Dec/Nnj  
    'Lens index of refraction W|'7)ph  
    '************************************************************************* /N'0@q  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) _Wg?H:\  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat :{BD/6  
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    mat.Nd = nlens fqpbsM;M]  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]ie38tX$  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens wz`\RHL  
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    '************************************************************************* M~+}ss  
    'Pupil diameter 1K{u>T  
    '************************************************************************* ( f]@lNmx  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) JPO'1D)  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ~?#>QN\\c  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" RRRF/Z;))  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens hQ7-m.UZw  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .,h>2;f  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) p+7G  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count x%_VzqR`  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 0{Uc/  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then u1 Z;n  
            DeleteOperation eID,count !WSY75  
            count=count-1 Lh@0|k  
        End If ;*u"hIl1/  
        count=count+1 76::X:76  
    Wend amTeTo]Tg  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _ck)yY?7  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 FP=up#zl  
    op.parent = parID {{6D4M|s  
    AddOperation eID, op \<ko)I#%  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam =y^`
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ,Iv eKk5W  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ZWmS6?L.  
    GetEntity eID, entity o%yfR.M6$  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" r=Tz++!  
    SetEntity eID, entity \+)aYP2Hu  
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    Update R?t_tmKXC!  
    Print "DONE!" y#T.w0*  
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End Sub &=^YN"=Z  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： u4#YZOiY)A  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ty8>(N(~  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm K/iFB  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Rtu"#XcBw+  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 _`I}"`2H  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 XL3m#zW&  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 l|81_BC"  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 TMsc5E  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Iq?n*P$  
DONE! R$ra=sL`  
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