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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 nu!tk$Q  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 S>N/K  
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    模型  #-^y9B  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ,f3Ck*M  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 1^R:[L4R`  
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    光源 j%TcW!D-_  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 =zX A0%  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 dZi ?Z  
    LE>b_gQ$ 2  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ?T\_"G  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 +u[?8D7Y  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射  `xm4?6  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 7$/%c{o  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 j+-+<h/(  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 tc4"huG  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: W%.ou\GN^t  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 SeX:A)*ez%  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ;xMieqz  
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    分析 yccF#zU  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 N-9qNLSP  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 5J0Sc  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 2B<0|EGtzw  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY !(L\X'jH  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION JRT,%;*,  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL -g`3;1EV^  
    Dim A As Double \'AS@L"Wj^  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double v *UJ4r  
    Dim eID As Long <>9zXbI  
    Dim parID As Long x-3!sf@  
    Dim count As Integer >QJfTkD$  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double O"Ua|8  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double \XI9 +::%  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double w6w'Jx  
    Dim ok As Long lAcXi$pF  
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    Sub Main {?zbrgQ<Z  
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        '用户输入对话框 m?$peRn3{  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 )rP)-op|A  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 3jG #<4;J  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ^%<t^sE  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 AT6:&5_`  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 c'8a)j$$+  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 YEB@p.  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 83ajok4E  
        End Dialog {ylhh%t4hi  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog yavoGk  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) EE<^q?[3^  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed rW&# Xw/a  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 0-9.u`)#yu  
            End l*+5WrOS  
        End If *~0Ko{Avc  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty %^C.e*  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then xWa96U[  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation '\iWp?`$  
        Else <\If:  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) [3#A)#kWm  
        End If \f AL:mJ  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then s, 8a1o  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter jD eNCJ  
        Else RXj6L~vs5_  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 3hrODts  
        End If UI,i2<&  
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        Print " " N%,!&\L  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" v\UwL-4[  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" { _]'EK/w  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation +C(v4@=nd  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness t#0/_tD  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens WLTraB[?  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 1;4 ] HNI  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens _IK@K 6V1  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens MwlhL?  
    ]757oAXl  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness tv+H4/  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction SgOn:xg;3L  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation u{o!j7  
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        '************************************************************************* 73C  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) U1>VKP;5Nn  
        '************************************************************************* ~$zodrS9  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) w;;.bz m  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity vIoV(rc+  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) oM@X)6P_  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z zLs[vg.(  
        count = 0 H@uCbT  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count f&\v+'[p  
            GetOperation eID, count, op -n-rKN.T  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m,~ @1  
                DeleteOperation eID,count -'tgr6=|w"  
                count=count-1 QDRgVP  
            End If 2#n4t2 p  
            count=count+1 |$r|DX1[  
        Wend {&'u1yR  
    ~ "] 6  
        'Set new shift in s ^/<6kwO  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^XV=(k;~bX  
        op.val1 = taq M. Fu>Xi  
        op.parent = parID Om% 9 x  
        AddOperation eID, op Lmy ^/P%  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 *S).@j\{W  
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        '************************************************************************* ccWz,[  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens u"%i3%Yjh  
        '************************************************************************* E47U &xL  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) w%no6 ;  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic N{]|!#  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Kf XE=v{t  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `hD\u@5Tw  
    |]5g+sd  
        '************************************************************************* ,3k"J4|d  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens UQwLAXs  
        '************************************************************************* hCX}*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) W9{>.E?  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic NXv u}&H  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 5Pis0fa  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost MorR&K  
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        '************************************************************************* {*8'bNJ  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) SC~cryb  
        '************************************************************************* (;o,t?:d  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Z2Bl$ \  
    z G {1;  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) JLsy|}>  
        count = 0 =Tf uwhV  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 54kd>)|"ag  
            GetOperation eID, count, op {89F*  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then eUYd0L!  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 5$Yt@8;  
                count=count-1 So*Q8`"-.  
            End If ]3_oT^$:  
            count=count+1 c <[?Z7y  
        Wend JJ3(0 +  
    FAVw80?5k  
        'Set new z-shift `z$<1Q T  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3QDz0ct  
        op.val1 = tlens 8|A*N< h  
        op.parent = parID uE~? 2G  
        AddOperation eID, op !<3(+H  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 1(`>9t02/?  
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        '************************************************************************* w!7f*  
        'Lens index of refraction j_E$C.XU{g  
        '************************************************************************* UNcS\t2N  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 9l?#ZuGXp  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat J7BfH,o  
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        mat.Nd = nlens 1}mI zrY  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat $-m`LF@  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens "Y 9 *rL  
    _dY6Ip%  
        '************************************************************************* ]<mXf~zg  
        'Pupil diameter (eI'%1kS<  
        '************************************************************************* lH/d#MT   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) AD4KoT&  
    jE.U~D)2YF  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) \$ L2xd  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" \D] N*  
    bZk7)b;1o  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Y!9'Wf/^  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Hd6g0  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) NaC^q*>9  
        count = 0 vW`{BWd  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count m]J Z@  
            GetOperation eID, count, op l|[cA}HtB  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |HXI4 MU"  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 0t<]Uf  
                count=count-1 yzt6   
            End If \w{x- }  
            count=count+1 ~HD:Y7  
        Wend K'~wlO@O  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" A/Kw"l>  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 w+bQpIP M  
        op.parent = parID 3!^5a %u  
        AddOperation eID, op ]%m0PU#  
    d ! A)H<Zt  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam G<,@|6"w  
    !.mMO_4}  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description IB:Wh;_x  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) oop''6`C%  
        GetEntity eID, entity 2/f:VB?<T  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" MNOT<(  
        SetEntity eID, entity ?y!0QAIXK  
    j8?z@iG  
        Update %B` MO-  
        Print "DONE!" Y[9x\6 _E  
         YbF}(iM  
    End Sub W'6~`t  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: _H(m4~ M  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters a02;Zl  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm e&?o  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 /o#!9H   
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 703=.xj  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 y% =nhV  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 M%+l21&  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 M0DdrL/ L  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 |&WeXVH E  
    DONE! x F7C1g(  
    4]RGLN  
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    QQ:2987619807  FqAW><  
     
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