[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 jA9uB.I,"b  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 (]cL5o9  
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模型 l9uocP:D  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。  I\_2=mL  

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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ;8PO}{rD  
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光源 0'6ai=W  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 +0U=UV)U  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 cdkEK  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ',g%L_8Sq  
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视网膜的散射 D)x^?!  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 KwHN c\\  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 RK-bsf  
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脚本 ?7wcv$K5  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： RiAg:  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 oS$7k3s fj  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 5B|.cOE  
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分析 \5&Mg81  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 b#N P*L&  
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脚本代码 a]fFR~OY  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 7/a7p(   
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY : 8>zo  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 4|&/#Cz^Y  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL \^,J
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Dim A As Double y "+'4:_  
Dim pupilDiam As Double kJ"rRsK  
Dim eID As Long lz>00B<Z  
Dim parID As Long 7.VP7;jys  
Dim count As Integer 8K9HFT@yV  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double kM4z %  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Q8Ek}O\MC  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double r3?8nQ$  
Dim ok As Long jt}oq%Bf  
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Sub Main H0inU+Ih  
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    '用户输入对话框 G"&$7!6[Y  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 p_BG#dRM  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 TJRp/BP  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 EsWB|V>  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 2|\mBP`ok  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 p'^}J$  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 <<S4l~"o  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 )G/
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    End Dialog EwG+' nlE  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog XsJ`x  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) X~m57bj  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 6[XaIco=C  
        Print "Execution cancelled." &u|t{C#0  
        End n1|]ji[c  
    End If >DY/CcG\P  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty )?&mCI*  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then |mG;?>c)  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation PT,*KYF_O"  
    Else } -4p8Zt  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) yg}L,JJU<  
    End If m8L %!6o  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 9{nU\am!\  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter *vBhd2H
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    Else 6flO;d/v  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) O<!^^7/h0  
    End If kKbbsB  
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    Print " " QP<P,Bi~  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" |U1u:=[  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" k(>J?\iNW  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation EX<1hAw  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness _`QMEr?  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens O+XQP!T  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens a&[[@1OY  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens _kOuD}_|
 
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens (1{OQ0N+x  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Vx0Hq`_1
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction RToX[R;1E  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation b2F1^]p  
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    '************************************************************************* ND9;%
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) k]& I(VQ"  
    '************************************************************************* K24y;968  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity >)+U^V  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) cEJ_z(\=hr  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z /KvpJ4  
    count = 0 ~|KMxY(:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count QBoX3w=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `n|k+
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `~=Is.V[  
            DeleteOperation eID,count l%2B4d9"v  
            count=count-1 JLyFkV/  
        End If 8r\xQr'8h  
        count=count+1 jS/$o?  
    Wend q|D*H9[ke  
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    'Set new shift in y7*^H  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" d7c m?+  
    op.val1 = taq v g tJ+GjN  
    op.parent = parID ;rF:$37^  
    AddOperation eID, op tK <)A)  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 S 1Ji\  
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    '************************************************************************* ?~VevD  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens V
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    '************************************************************************* K&Q0]r?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) R?%|RCht1  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ^h|'\-d\  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 0$nJd_gW_  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant KQqQ@D&n  
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    '************************************************************************* b}
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Fn%:0j  
    '************************************************************************* wY}+d0Ch  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) PsD]gN5"  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic &9g#Vq%   

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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost gzdgnF2  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost WI'csM;M#  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) <~8W>Y\m  
    '************************************************************************* K<_H`k*x
 
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )'<zC  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ]X _&  
    count = 0 p|bpE F=U  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count CGg6nCB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op eaiz w@N  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then en~(XE1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count cRfX  
            count=count-1 >"nk}@  
        End If y.oJzU[p%  
        count=count+1 ,>jm|BTD {  
    Wend C,z]q$4  
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    'Set new z-shift FRF}V@~  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" rC*nZ*  
    op.val1 = tlens /iQ>he~fy  
    op.parent = parID ,zyrBO0 Eq  
    AddOperation eID, op Rx<pV_|H,  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens D 7E^;W)H  
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    '************************************************************************* E|Lh$9XONA  
    'Lens index of refraction :{6[U=O  
    '************************************************************************* BzUx@,  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Q\z*q,^R  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat _1JvA-  
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    mat.Nd = nlens (6+0U1[Iz  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Tuy*Df  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ~gDtj&F  
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    '************************************************************************* J\0YL\jw1K  
    'Pupil diameter 5m3sjcp_  
    '************************************************************************* 6a!X`%N=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) d16PY_  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) s`2o\]  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" U\z+{]<<  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 5V
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y#5S;?bR  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 1FX-#Y`e  
    count = 0 <Jk|Bmw;  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _B[(/wY  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Z~gqTB]H  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m4 (Fuu  
            DeleteOperation eID,count h 2zCX  
            count=count-1 WQ]pg "  
        End If btE+.V  
        count=count+1 PrcM'Q  
    Wend N@>S>U8C  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" M@3H]t?  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 StVv"YY  
    op.parent = parID s5dh]vNN  
    AddOperation eID, op 57}q'84  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 1XKk~G"D  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description gs3}rW  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;sf/tX  
    GetEntity eID, entity ^
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" zl[JnVF\6  
    SetEntity eID, entity H#y"3E<s  
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    Update @:@rks&  
    Print "DONE!" '9gI=/29D  
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End Sub (r4\dp&  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： C(t/:?(y  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters qg/5m;U  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm :S12=sFl$  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 di5_5_$`o  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ,Mc2dhq  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 I1~g?jpH  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 4o3GS8  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 }t'^Au`X  
Set pupil diameter = 4 \t@`]QzG:  
DONE! %"zJsYQ!  
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