[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 [1Dg_
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 kMS[   
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模型 `nO!_3  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 5Dy800.B2  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 0VV1!g  
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光源 13]sZ([B%|  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ^Slwg|t*~P  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 uBk$zs  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ku*|?uF  
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视网膜的散射 yZaQ{]"  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ,\5]n&T;r  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 kImGSIJ  
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脚本 f#414ja  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Z94D<X"  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 }rVnuRq  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 (@`+Le  
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分析 9Dd
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 |mrAvm}  
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脚本代码 FFtj5e  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. lXm]1 *<  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 1S\q\kz->D  
Dim op As T_OPERATION GVY_u@6   
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <s-_ieW'  
Dim A As Double $|z8WCJ  
Dim pupilDiam As Double pz?.(AmU\  
Dim eID As Long QsI>_<r  
Dim parID As Long ,[+gE\z{{u  
Dim count As Integer p=9G)VO  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Old5E&  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double L<QqQ"`  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double GS$OrUA  
Dim ok As Long 34]f[jJ|  
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Sub Main G?=X!up(  
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    '用户输入对话框 |!I#T  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 KWy4}7a@,s  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 S! ,.#e(Y  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1  UX2`x9  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 H*yX Iq:  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 j4H,*fc  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 8!me$k&  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 (sO;etW  
    End Dialog Y.F:1<FAtf  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog :(A]Bm3  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) athU  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed T\8|Q@  
        Print "Execution cancelled." hV'JTU]H  
        End GRO[&;d`  
    End If Gt\
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ?
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then "+&|$*  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation N}VKH5U|  
    Else D19uI&U4  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 7qgHH p  
    End If |53Zg"!  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ~;il{ym  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter cL<  
    Else QF'N8Kla  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) LurBqr  
    End If io$
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    Print " " J03yFT,dF  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 0j7\.aaK  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >=6tfLQ  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation MPT*[&\-  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness RBwI*~%g{  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens z[}[:H8  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens !m'lOz  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens j5G8IP_Wx  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens { >bw:^F  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +VI2i~  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 68+9^  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation tO)mKN+ (  
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    '************************************************************************* O9dIobu4  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) M@E*_U!U  
    '************************************************************************* j0Kj>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f,k'gM{K  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity y5RcJM  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) +(`  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z -s,^_p{H  
    count = 0 (w-z~#<  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )d2<;c  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 4=%Uv^M  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then S}cpYjnH8  
            DeleteOperation eID,count C~yfuPr\B  
            count=count-1
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        End If :0Rd )*k,v  
        count=count+1 /![S 3Ol  
    Wend -shS?kV  
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    'Set new shift in cWA9n}Z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" %r=uS.+hrF  
    op.val1 = taq VL?ubt<  
    op.parent = parID J3Qv|w[3Y  
    AddOperation eID, op Y
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 4h@jJm  
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    '************************************************************************* `|XE B  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens _*>bf G  
    '************************************************************************* {Uz@`QO3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ^&03D5@LoY  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic N/p9Ws  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant m$ )yd~  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant eB%KXPhMm  
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    '************************************************************************* c*-8h{}  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ,^pM]+NF|  
    '************************************************************************* @{iws@.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) zH0%; o}  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic XI} C|]#  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost n#uH^@#0  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost n (7m  
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    '************************************************************************* gbsRf&4h  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Uq5wN05  
    '************************************************************************* `KqMcAW  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) m4bfW  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) \V  /s  
    count = 0 %6+J]U  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3FT%.dV^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op L$=@j_V2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Q&] }`Rp=  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7F5t&  
            count=count-1 !C *%,Ak  
        End If 1t_$pDF}  
        count=count+1 7-6Z\.-  
    Wend }`8g0DPuD9  
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    'Set new z-shift O# .^}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @kvgq 0ab  
    op.val1 = tlens dB+x,+%u+  
    op.parent = parID kMWu%,s4  
    AddOperation eID, op 8 !Pk1P  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens q>/# P5V  
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    '************************************************************************* S(9Xbw)T  
    'Lens index of refraction R $HIJM  
    '************************************************************************* "D}PbT[V  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) fu?5gzT+b  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat gP"p7\ (  
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    mat.Nd = nlens X0O0Y>"  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat F`SOF O  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 79U Th@r}  
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    '************************************************************************* 1@q~(1-o  
    'Pupil diameter ^"7tfo8  
    '************************************************************************* #P.jlpZk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) `2c>M\c4U  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 1|bu0d\]  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" k@JDG]R<{  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens }M'h5x  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5W"nn  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Uhfm@1 cz&  
    count = 0 2  *IF  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )W95)]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Qna ^Ry?6)  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /%C6e )7BL  
            DeleteOperation eID,count "u5Hm ^H  
            count=count-1 xnmIo? hC  
        End If :-ZE~bHJ  
        count=count+1 ztf VXmi'  
    Wend [RCUP.  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" IG0$OtG  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 drP2%u  
    op.parent = parID &I:[ 'l!  
    AddOperation eID, op [Av#Z)R  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam kF.!U/C  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description z!;n\CV@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )
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    GetEntity eID, entity $T{,3;kt  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" *cxmQ
 
    SetEntity eID, entity 3":ef|w]  
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    Update # eqt{  
    Print "DONE!" LO]D XW 9  
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End Sub J2Y-D'*s  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： J~KWn.  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters F+PIZ%  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 8v@6 &ras@  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 EW*
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 pg~vt
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 P7QOlTQI  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 <h|XB}s+  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Q:eIq<erY  
Set pupil diameter = 4 2 P+RfE`o  
DONE! ;Q&38qI  
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