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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 aiUY>M#|  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 (`>+zT5aH  
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    模型 \ a<h/4#|  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 )[6U^j4  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Gr'  CtO  
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    光源 D,*3w'X!K  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 `pa!~|p  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 ItVWO:x&v  
    +F` S>U  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Wx}8T[A}  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 Oh`69 k  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 YeL#jtC  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 X6X $Pve  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。  hoUD;3  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 SiRaFj4s"  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: =,=A,kI[;  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 &\WSQmtto  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 [)M%cyQ  
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    分析 ?m}s4a  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 _Xc8Yg }`  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 KNvZm;Q6  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Nho>f  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY :'-/NtV)o?  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION v5#j Z$<F  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL D9=KXo^  
    Dim A As Double @s;;O\  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double q460iL7yF}  
    Dim eID As Long x.!V^HQSN  
    Dim parID As Long {0wIR_dGX  
    Dim count As Integer Z, Yb&b  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double {j?FNOJn  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double $oID(P  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double wx= $2N6  
    Dim ok As Long yy^q2P  
    qpP=K $  
    Sub Main @sW24J1q+  
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        '用户输入对话框 _LEK%  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 _?m(V=z>  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 XH4  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 J s@hLP `  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 UT~4x|b:O  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ;;OAQ`  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 s 8jV(P(O  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ifMRryN4  
        End Dialog 1QcNp (MO  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog X8a/ `Y,  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 3</_c1~  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed u^ +7hkk  
            Print "Execution cancelled." X"|['t  
            End EPI4!3]  
        End If 9iIhte.  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty %op**@4/t\  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 1y@i}<9F  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation Xv5wJlc!d  
        Else {Qf=G|Ah  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) <s31W3<v  
        End If wtQ++l%{G  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then `_Zg3_K.dS  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 36&e.3/#  
        Else J9--tJ?[>o  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ;s= l52  
        End If Q2w_X8  
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        Print " " WtsFz*`)y  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" a8e6H30Sm  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ~]IOK$1F%  
    (&Kk7<#`  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation T?CdZc.  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ntX3Nt_n  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens t:x\kp  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Hh3X \  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens \$~|ZwV{  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens :S{BbQ){]  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness vFzRg5lH  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 7FP*oN?  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 2. NN8PPD"  
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        '************************************************************************* e9Wa<i 8  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) e }?db  
        '************************************************************************* gS!:+G%  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) z3{G9Np  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity kr^P6}'  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y!aSs3c  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 7J D' )  
        count = 0 WH#1 zv  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8?B!2  
            GetOperation eID, count, op dK$XNi13.5  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &)# ihK_  
                DeleteOperation eID,count R^8o^z['6u  
                count=count-1 k{R>  
            End If IEL%!RFG  
            count=count+1 <6%?OJhp  
        Wend nY[WRt w  
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        'Set new shift in f <Zxz9  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" )W,aN)1)  
        op.val1 = taq nK1Slg#U  
        op.parent = parID D=A&+6B@-  
        AddOperation eID, op F/,NDZN  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 V@.Ior}w  
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        '************************************************************************* F$y$'Rzu_B  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ozyX$tp  
        '************************************************************************* (U D nsF  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) H5/6TX72N  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic rK 8lBy:<  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ueogaifvB  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant "@^k)d$  
    `z}?"BW|  
        '************************************************************************* +qN>.y!Y  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens &~cBNw|  
        '************************************************************************* xWH.^o,"  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @Z_x.Y6  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic % "i(K@  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost c`)\Pb/O  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost  h},IF  
    do hA0  
        '************************************************************************* u4cnE"  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) >%_\;svZG  
        '*************************************************************************  \{_q.;}  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) V5@:#BIs  
    $j%'{)gK  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) /aCc17>2V{  
        count = 0 )EPjAv  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count u=*FI  
            GetOperation eID, count, op olB.*#gA  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;$,U~0  
                DeleteOperation eID,count G{~J|{t\yz  
                count=count-1 tn\yI!a  
            End If Pjf"CW+A  
            count=count+1 G6Axs1a  
        Wend @Rze| T.  
    *}qWj_RT  
        'Set new z-shift b<[Or^X ]  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" e-/&$Qq  
        op.val1 = tlens )th<,Lo3#  
        op.parent = parID 2 0h} [Q(  
        AddOperation eID, op 4/~E4"8  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens AEI>\Y  
    H064BM  
        '************************************************************************* 'T;P;:!\  
        'Lens index of refraction ,$L4dF3  
        '************************************************************************* s*KhF'fN  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) kOrZv,qFG[  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat {GT*ZU*  
    & bm 1Fz  
        mat.Nd = nlens #<"~~2?  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat %bn jgy  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens !<8W {LT  
    sRR( `0Zp  
        '************************************************************************* S"QWB`W2  
        'Pupil diameter CT <7mi!  
        '************************************************************************* A/$QaB,x  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) V*;(kEqj  
    ha<[b ue  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) e(;,`L\*  
    r EE1sy/#  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" B2vh-%63  
    |Pax=oJ\M  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \A#41  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) a 7 V-C  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) wh`"w7br  
        count = 0 T@B/xAq5!  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Zd%k*BC  
            GetOperation eID, count, op K:[F%e  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then oG?Xk%7&\  
                DeleteOperation eID,count /)>3Nq4Zx  
                count=count-1 |$Sedzj'  
            End If !;v|'I  
            count=count+1 hp X9[3  
        Wend ^ig' bw+WS  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" `UyG_;  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 `:KY\  
        op.parent = parID UYJZYP%r  
        AddOperation eID, op wH&!W~M  
    ;(Or`u]Dr  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam s WvBv  
    '3fu  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description qS$Ox?Bw#u  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dt]-,Y  
        GetEntity eID, entity L|7R9+ZG  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Qx#"q'2  
        SetEntity eID, entity &i6mW8l  
    #&aqKV Y  
        Update G `61~F%  
        Print "DONE!" U(g:zae  
         hd<c&7|G'  
    End Sub F^BS/Yag  
    &%DY\*  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: Y eo]]i{  
    dn+KH+v  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters \'D0'\:vz  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 5L%'@`mX  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 n M*%o-  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 =s2*H8]  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ,!y$qVg'\f  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 Y"aJur=`  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 S`0(*A[W*  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 & l&:`nsJ  
    DONE! q,|j]+9q  
    9}<ile7^  
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    QQ:2987619807 JIOR4'9  
     
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