[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 OCX?U50am  
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模型 {UwJg  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 mWigy`V^~  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. tnTr&o#  
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光源 wlkS+$<  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 {wd.aUB  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ` a@NYi6  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ;xs?^N|  
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视网膜的散射 tFb49zbk  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ;}:"[B3$  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 C YnBZ  
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脚本 [5:F  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ,Kdvt@vle  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 U^Hymgb%  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 B<_T"n'#b  
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分析  }/M ~  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 )LnH
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脚本代码 `qX'9e3VP+  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. CM7j^t  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY e}7qZ^  
Dim op As T_OPERATION h/PWi<R i  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 5$N4<Lo7  
Dim A As Double :#b[gWl0Ru  
Dim pupilDiam As Double u\>Ed
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Dim eID As Long /k7`TUK  
Dim parID As Long
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Dim count As Integer tt#M4n@  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double T w/CJg  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ()XL}~I{!A  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double UPLr[>Q#  
Dim ok As Long 2D&t
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Sub Main fz,8 <  
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    '用户输入对话框 ,7tN&R_  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 \@gs8K#  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 3"&6rdF\jB  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 UB?a-jGZK  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 i7*4hYY  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 %z1WdiC  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Z'!jZF~4p  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 <A+Yo3|7  
    End Dialog -s4qm)\  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog }1epn#O_4  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) b\H~Ot[i  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed KJJ8P`Kx  
        Print "Execution cancelled." mtmtOG_/=  
        End BDc*N]m}B1  
    End If ]Jm9D=  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty NCX!ss  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then tUL(1:-C  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation l$MX\  
    Else SyX>zN!  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) oP_'0h0X  
    End If c tTbvXP  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ejD
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter
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    Else rVFAwbR  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) xlS t  
    End If aFd ,   
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    Print " " - C8h$P  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ; #e-pkV  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" (9@6M8A
 
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ^MDBJ0 I.  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ogDyrY}]  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens \O72PC+  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens js'*:*7  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens w%j 6zsTz  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ,7k)cNstW  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness rsy'ZVLUj  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ,$7LMTVDrE  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ]={:VsnL  
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    '************************************************************************* IiS1ubNt
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) nEyPNm)  
    '************************************************************************* 5|wQeosXxI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) c"77<Db$  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity C&K%Q3V  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~\Fde^1  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z |&h!#Q{7l  
    count = 0 pBh[F5  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h$4V5V  
        GetOperation eID, count, op (a@cK,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then zxTm`Dh;[
 
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6D_4o&N  
            count=count-1 SQWA{f  
        End If X NnsMl  
        count=count+1 "f3, w   
    Wend N{L]H_=  
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    'Set new shift in nS]/=xP{  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" W;OxH"eC  
    op.val1 = taq "?}QwtUW  
    op.parent = parID A\.k['!  
    AddOperation eID, op ZLxe$.V_  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 :G$NQ*(z  
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    '************************************************************************* &=K
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens %U-K
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    '************************************************************************* x!]ZVl]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) SDcD(G  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %pe7[/

  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ]J?5qR:xCy  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant q
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    '************************************************************************* ,t(y~Z wJ  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens BY32)8SH  
    '************************************************************************* f+-w~cN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 64hr|v  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :q0C$xF  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost xGPt5l<M&  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 80c\O-{  
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    '************************************************************************* 3[-L'!pOX3  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) d+[hB4!l2  
    '************************************************************************* nke[}Hqf  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) \/S?.P#L~  
    count = 0 PHT;%;m=  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .ye5;A}  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 8.'%wOU@A  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then y85GKysT  
            DeleteOperation eID,count u`R  
            count=count-1 Z:u7`%  
        End If Jg/WE1p>  
        count=count+1 ^A;v|U  
    Wend `SFI\Y+WDT  
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    'Set new z-shift "otP^X.  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" k0
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    op.val1 = tlens =Q[5U9  
    op.parent = parID \ Lrg:  
    AddOperation eID, op r#d~($[93  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens q71Tg  
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    '************************************************************************* $NT{ssh  
    'Lens index of refraction +wS?Z5%mU  
    '************************************************************************* Y[ a$~n^:n  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) li$(oA2  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat CP["N(fF  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ^W3xw[{  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat eiJ $}\qJL  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens QVQe9{ "0  
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    '************************************************************************* l2X'4_d  
    'Pupil diameter 87r#;ND  
    '************************************************************************* `:R8~>p  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) $
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ko=v
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" z;2kKQZm  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens <vhlT#p   
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) G# .z((Rj  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) xCiY jl$  
    count = 0 v`*!Bhc-  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Xj.6A,}^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op " q0lh  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5O]ph[7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 118A6qyi  
            count=count-1 ROW8YTYb  
        End If !%_}Rv!JT  
        count=count+1 _@ev(B  
    Wend !QSL8v@c  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" =M*31>"I0  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 FI Io{ru  
    op.parent = parID 1<Qb"FN!2  
    AddOperation eID, op 9]xOuCb  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam jLM1~`&  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description DrC4oxS 1  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) nulVQOj|  
    GetEntity eID, entity =NQDxt}  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" S)>L 0^M1  
    SetEntity eID, entity ?|w>."F  
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    Update +j%!RS$ko  
    Print "DONE!" ;
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End Sub B#OnooJI  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： MRV4D<NQ  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters !NuiVC]  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm )CD4k:bm  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Tuo`>ZA  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 B8:G1r5G/  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 y U =) g  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 J NPEyC  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 f(6`5/C  
Set pupil diameter = 4 HQCxO?  
DONE! <v>^#/.
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