[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 P%#*-zCCx  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 GEEW?8  
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模型 0]D{V
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ?W(6  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. kKPi:G52F  
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光源 % ,N<  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 S.Z9$k%  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ?-tVSRKQ  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 >7roe []-|  
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视网膜的散射 ,=aJVb=C  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 kGL1!=>  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 2o#,kGd  
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脚本 DfV~!bY  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ,v&L:a  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 be e5  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 lNv".Y=l  
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分析 $5L0.$Tj  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Z_gC&7+  
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脚本代码 m%"uPv\  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. }pa9%BQI  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY w'X]M#Q><  
Dim op As T_OPERATION _5MNMVLwW  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL w#N?l!5  
Dim A As Double =&!HwOnp  
Dim pupilDiam As Double (~)%Fo9X"  
Dim eID As Long cst}Ibfi  
Dim parID As Long LkLN7|  
Dim count As Integer ;pD)m/$h`  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double u*7Z~R  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double \@}#Gez  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Xnuzr"4u  
Dim ok As Long GHF_R,7  
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Sub Main - O"i3>C  
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    '用户输入对话框 $|
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ^). )  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 dY"}\v6  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 +>7$4`Nb2  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 tn|,O.t  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 4yaxl\2  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 )' xE
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 '!Gs>T+  
    End Dialog 5cK@WE:  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ;nmM7TZ;  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) aTGdmj!  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 91of~ffh  
        Print "Execution cancelled." e75UMWaeC  
        End .bf<<+'o  
    End If Gjz[1d  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 2JmZ
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then z"DkFvA  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation )a=/8ofe  
    Else bg?"I
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) xx*2?i  
    End If BO.dz06(Rw  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ]WJfgN4  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /?"8-0d  
    Else lH|LdlX  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) OMihXt[  
    End If RV-hIdAU  
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    Print " " -Uo?WXP]B'  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" N0n^L|(R  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" \'19BAm'  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 5;)*T6Y  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness LT+3q%W.UC  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens tPHS98
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens b'x$2K;E  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens F5gObIJtuY  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens q}L+/
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness tUE'K.-  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction q]4pEip  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 7z~Ghz  
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    '************************************************************************* =G-N` 39  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) [JTto!Ih$  
    '************************************************************************* Zu<]bv  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) w,.qCpT$_  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity O>DNC-m)i{  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /k:$l9C[  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z =N.!k Vkl  
    count = 0 qFRdg V>8  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?~ULIO'  
        GetOperation eID, count, op X=p"5hhfn  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &hZwZgV+3  
            DeleteOperation eID,count O ++/ry%k  
            count=count-1 ,8K'
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        End If {_ V0  
        count=count+1 1]4^V7y  
    Wend ;q#]-^  
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    'Set new shift in gb-{2p>}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" gp< =Gmd  
    op.val1 = taq *:_~Nn9_R;  
    op.parent = parID M^SuV  
    AddOperation eID, op wODvc9p}]  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 2z2`  
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    '************************************************************************* -$4kBYC l+  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 4L:>4X[T  
    '************************************************************************* IS_Su;w>4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ^7XAw: ?  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic P2k7M(I_&  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant NCt
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant i+(GNcg2  
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    '************************************************************************* K84
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens {sc[RRN~C  
    '************************************************************************* .gD km^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) aw$Y`6,S  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -}<g-*m"q  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost fGu!M9qN4  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost "n- pl  
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    '************************************************************************* 79ZxqvB\  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ju{%'D!d9  
    '************************************************************************* pC^[[5A  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !Cb=B  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) #8?^C]*{0  
    count = 0 \graMu}-  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,/o(|sks  
        GetOperation eID, count, op H-&3}   
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then b(T@~P/  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?y_awoBd1  
            count=count-1 WN0c%kz=  
        End If 1_3?R}$Wl  
        count=count+1 .Ty,_3+{#p  
    Wend h3 @s2 fK  
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    'Set new z-shift =R9*;6?N  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" %cj58zO|y  
    op.val1 = tlens W8* 2;F]  
    op.parent = parID 8
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    AddOperation eID, op >UN vkQ:  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens R
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    '************************************************************************* $c9=mjwH  
    'Lens index of refraction J#@l
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    '************************************************************************* "_)|8|gN  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) oc;VIK)g]c  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat [Yvsa,2  
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    mat.Nd = nlens X%`KYo%  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ewQe/Fq  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens [d:@1yc  
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    '************************************************************************* 1*c>I@I;  
    'Pupil diameter H5p5S\g-)  
    '************************************************************************* DPeVKyjU  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) '>]&rb09|  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) V/&o]b  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" >;}]pI0T  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens :B^mV{~  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Q 3X  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) j@SYXKL~  
    count = 0 oT!/J  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count qZ?{-Vw  
        GetOperation eID, count, op kxy]vH6m  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then jMqx   
            DeleteOperation eID,count /=ACdJ  
            count=count-1 <4$YO-:E  
        End If fO+UHSC  
        count=count+1 &qL<C  
    Wend 19w_tSg  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" xv&S[=Dt  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 O(Td:Zdp  
    op.parent = parID wO!% q[  
    AddOperation eID, op \gP. \  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam )O -cw7 >  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description \Nyr=<c  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) R9q0,yQW
 
    GetEntity eID, entity -[<vYxX:h:  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" pMDH  
    SetEntity eID, entity r8F{A6iN  
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    Update /khnl9~+  
    Print "DONE!" t#{x?
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End Sub <B=[hk!  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 3M
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters J$#D:KaU:N  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm !6{Jq]  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 u(8~4P0w  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 pqOA/^ar  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 J+0/ :00(  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 EZ*t$3.T  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 /[6:LnaE  
Set pupil diameter = 4 h&q=I.3O|?  
DONE! +*: }p  
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