[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 nyIb
8=f  
o6qQ
zk  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 F;zmq%rK  
9A6ly9DIS  
模型 89L-k%R  
S"Efp/-  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 %(NRH?  
ZQyT$l~b  
7mu%|!  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. (s9?#t6  
)ow3Bl8w  
光源 H fRxgA@  
&o?pZ(\C  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 _-D(N/  
5X  
A1:Fe9q  
/O8'8sL5  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 3{:d$- y  
!0w'S>e  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6Fm.^9@  
Edjh

*  
9 Iw+g]`y*  
I\[*vgjm3G  
视网膜的散射 E=LaPjEIj  
H(0d(c1s  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 #a/lt^}C*  
I&^?,Fyy<  
}#Vo XilX  
1s*I   
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 $mpfr#!&3o  
C&"8A\we  
?"L>jr(  
[rQ#skf  
脚本 |C5i3?  

w("jyvV[C  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： -8EdTc@  
Q,s,EooIx  
C~l5D4D#  
1pc|]9B  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 KYlWV<sR  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 7}nOF{RH]  
KKOu":b  
分析 6R?J.&|  
~ 9'64  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Vv zd>yII  
s$RymM  
^6Xio6W  
脚本代码 `pLp+#1 `R  
{"@Bf<J#  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. $i =-A  
E fqa*,k  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY D-[0^  
Dim op As T_OPERATION d`^@/1tO  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 0wOgQ
n  
Dim A As Double [t ^|l?  
Dim pupilDiam As Double p4t(xm2T  
Dim eID As Long S_\RQB\l  
Dim parID As Long &qo'ge8p  
Dim count As Integer (s}9N  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double u0i @.  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double t[3Upe%  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double k5<lkC2z  
Dim ok As Long |px4a"  
R/P.m~?  
Sub Main 3?fya8W<  
{Q4=GrS  
    '用户输入对话框 "b2Mk-qP  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 89WuxCFS  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 GF k?Qf{u  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 DrW]`%Ql  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 !WbQ`]uN/#  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 YP#OI6u  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Wmp\J3  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 7\
jH?Zi  
    End Dialog HI:E&20y  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog dedi6Brl  
M`"2;  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) Q,jlKgB5:  
h#;yA"j1&  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ,ll!19y  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ZW,PZ<  
        End /ZD/!YD&R  
    End If GTLlQy)'=  
6Q\n<&,{  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty hI/p9 `w  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then e_,_:|t  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation j^LnHVHk1  
    Else ;M}bQ88  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) aHb,4 wY  
    End If Ws(BouJ  
}~\J7R'  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0
E++  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter i++ F&r[  
    Else aIkxN&  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) # VR}6Jv  
    End If ^QXUiXzl  
cbS8~Xmj  
    Print " " c L84}1QD  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" SR8[ 7MU  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" qf ]ax!bK  
;r8,Wx@f1C  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation "zm.jNn  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness =L&_6lb  
b
}[{'  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens mA{gj[@:x  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens MLL2V`vBT  
Rk`c'WP0*  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens '\ 6.GP  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens k \]@  
3):7mE(  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Y
Mz[je  
KA.@q AEB  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction GVFD_;j'  
HaLEQ73  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 1=#`&f5f&  
!74*APPHR  
    '************************************************************************* ~*G I<n  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) vUj7rDT|  
    '************************************************************************* K@W~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) $YL}rM  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity <sd Qvlx$-  
a#KxjVM  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T*'5-WV|3t  
4yjAi@ /2  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z }8 ,b;Q  
    count = 0 w=O:|Xu#*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v]vrD2L  
        GetOperation eID, count, op :qw:)i  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then O+(Z`,^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %K?~$;Z.  
            count=count-1 4oCnF+(  
        End If d0|Q1R+3  
        count=count+1 ]+,Z()  
    Wend {:fyz#>>^  
$g5pKk
  
    'Set new shift in 5>$*#0%"}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" DlTV1X-^1  
    op.val1 = taq `s@1'IG;R_  
    op.parent = parID EYMwg
_  
    AddOperation eID, op SyTc
p?H  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 )]rGGN
F*  
'(I"54W  
    '************************************************************************* "xYMv"X  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]ujH7T  
    '************************************************************************* FL0[V,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -.:1nI   
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic l,pq;>c9a  
&\K,kS[.r  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant +)Z,%\)Z  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant kU4Zij-O  
3{~hRd  
    '************************************************************************* (z+[4l7  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens V?%>Ex$  
    '************************************************************************* k&@JF@_TI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) "'s`?  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >q4nQ/eP  
vy6NH5Q  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost (\#j3Y)r  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost (w@|:0t^y[  
M[HPHNsA&  
    '************************************************************************* ?=f\oH$  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \-
`L}$  
    '************************************************************************* {/ZB>l@D>8  
%%klR{  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Wf>UI)^n  
7ugmZO}lL  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 1rTA0+
h  
    count = 0 :cIE8<\%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count fM \T^X  
        GetOperation eID, count, op nvgo6*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !|,=rM9x  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~r&Q\G  
            count=count-1 H;Z{R@kf  
        End If <&b ~(f  
        count=count+1 @q[-,EA9  
    Wend l AE$HP'o  
[Zi\L>PHO  
    'Set new z-shift sRt|G  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" tE<L4;t  
    op.val1 = tlens Lp1wA*  
    op.parent = parID u&r@@p.  
    AddOperation eID, op !>gc!8Y'o  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens oa1&9  
RSzp-sKB  
    '************************************************************************* GsE?<3  
    'Lens index of refraction q{n~s=  
    '************************************************************************* e7pN9tXGf  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 7s>d/F3*  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat $aG]V-M>  
\MK)dj5uUJ  
    mat.Nd = nlens =@w};e#D  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat _ 4Hf?m7z  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens
?W%3>A  
B~yD4^  
    '************************************************************************* JnV$)EYi  
    'Pupil diameter mS!/>.1[  
    '************************************************************************* YWd:Ok0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ~O|j*T  
At+on9&=  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) %Xkynso~  
y)Ip\.KV\  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" i|.!*/qF  
\#G`$JD  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens $5%tGFh  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Ya304Pjd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) T-f+<Cxf  
    count = 0 AUzJ:([V  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count '00DUUa  
        GetOperation eID, count, op .Uha%~%  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then
&{ntx~Eq  
            DeleteOperation eID,count :,]%W $f=  
            count=count-1 ?8YHz  
        End If x\I9J4Q  
        count=count+1 mY dU`j  
    Wend *N< 22w  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^Q2K0'm5  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 7-6_`Q2}Y  
    op.parent = parID @2kt6 W  
    AddOperation eID, op >SSF:hI"J  
SYa!IL-B  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam /ExnW >wT  
3PI{LU  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ^9qncvV
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *RN*Bh|$  
    GetEntity eID, entity XW5r@
:e  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" l&;#`\s!V  
    SetEntity eID, entity RrKs!2sCT  
7Q
Q1oPV  
    Update >*vI:MG8  
    Print "DONE!" 9QWS[E4  
     1UxRN7  
End Sub R"=G?d)  
dwB-WF%k  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ?Za1  b  
aHwrFkn  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters Il*wVNrZI  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm [8O`VSV3  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 wU?2aXY  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 N ?0V0B  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Ler9~}\D  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 0^:O:X  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 zF\k*B  
Set pupil diameter = 4 y;sr# -L  
DONE! :N%]<Mq  
V&)-u(s_S/  
Ql [=  
QQ：2987619807 'rq [P",