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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 Jia@HrLR  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 1V[ZklS  
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    模型 Ca?w"m~h  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 _nzq(m1@  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 8/)q$zs  
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    光源 TBJ?8W(  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 5M'cOJ  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 (O09HY:  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 !~F oy F  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 yVn%Bz' [  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 }0 H<G0   
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 $(0<T<\  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 /#: *hn  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 AZNo%!)o  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: t W   
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 oui0:Vy<  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 :u=y7[I  
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    分析 c"`HKfL  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 zN+jn  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 [.$%ti*!  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. |yOIC,5[JW  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY x3 Fn'+  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION @*op5qVw  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <$uDN].T4  
    Dim A As Double vft7-|8T  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double wp~KrUlR  
    Dim eID As Long 8?EKF+.u|  
    Dim parID As Long ],R\oMYy|P  
    Dim count As Integer h= YTgJ  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double '{JMWNY  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double BUh(pS:  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double l_ x jsu  
    Dim ok As Long d--6<_q  
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    Sub Main :u@ w ;  
    *$('ous8  
        '用户输入对话框 | z}VP-L  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 98zJ?NaD&  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 NgxJz ]b  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 I7f :TN  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ;uZq_^?:9&  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 6_9@s*=d>  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 4|eI_u{_  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ), VF]  
        End Dialog 3<a|_(K  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog hG9Mp!d91  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) $Zrc-tkV  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed pnv)D}"  
            Print "Execution cancelled." G&6`?1k  
            End {t'SA]|g  
        End If KmD#Ia  
    *'n=LB8R  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty e5n"(s"G*[  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then O+Db#FW  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation VF<VyWFC0`  
        Else ~ /K'n  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) \)g}   
        End If ;t.)A3 PL  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 6k|f]BCL  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter \:Hh'-77q  
        Else >8`;SEnv  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ,;h}<("q  
        End If E|VTbE YG  
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        Print " " ~Bt >Y  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" gPpk0LZi  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 7<5=fYb r  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation j#VR>0oC]\  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 9J}^{AA  
    &c= 3BEh  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens d8^S~7  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens _tnoq;X[  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens w (odgD  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens kL -f@CD  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 8(-N;<Ef2  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction wr6(C:  
    ]vCs9* |B  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation )Y=ti~?M(  
    +DSZ(Zb4qY  
        '************************************************************************* $j0<ef!  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) #]wBXzu?  
        '************************************************************************* uHt@;$9A  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Y^5)u/Y=U  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity MnW"ksH  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) n1y*`5!  
    AT"!Ys|  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z uX&Tn1Kg  
        count = 0  pm*i!3g'  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :rN5HOg^9  
            GetOperation eID, count, op M9(Kxux#  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Vf$q3X  
                DeleteOperation eID,count XpP}(A@G  
                count=count-1 ,Mu"r!MK  
            End If 5e c T.  
            count=count+1 "A}2iI  
        Wend YD;"_yH  
    -$f$z(h  
        'Set new shift in 1F[W~@jW  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" t,yMO  
        op.val1 = taq /| [%~`?BM  
        op.parent = parID 'u%SI]*;>  
        AddOperation eID, op dYp} R>+  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 8wzQr2:  
    R lmeZy4.  
        '************************************************************************* V_H0z  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens @9h6D<?  
        '************************************************************************* -+ Mh( 'K  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [mG:PTK3  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /h K/t;  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant esHcE{GNOS  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant (fC U+  
    A}0u-W  
        '************************************************************************* .v#Tj|w^  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens +C`zI~8  
        '************************************************************************* \7tJ)[0aF  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @t,Y< )U  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic KA]5tVQA  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost [hKt4]R  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost :.F;LF&  
    -F';1D!l%  
        '************************************************************************* )gKX +'  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) [7=?I.\Cr7  
        '************************************************************************* ,gn**E  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Q~$hx{foN  
    K}Rq<z W  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) \t']Lf  
        count = 0 9{n?Jy  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;Qdw$NuW  
            GetOperation eID, count, op +dF/$+t  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then q `^5<  
                DeleteOperation eID,count FKkL%:?  
                count=count-1 xSZ+6R|  
            End If oD7^9=#  
            count=count+1 t,R4q*  
        Wend :P2 0g](  
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        'Set new z-shift kZHIzU  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" !1Z rS  
        op.val1 = tlens +p_>fO  
        op.parent = parID g7<u eF  
        AddOperation eID, op C;oT0(  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens g ,""j`  
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        '************************************************************************* dp#'~[j  
        'Lens index of refraction [[VB'Rs  
        '************************************************************************* * odwg$  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ttA0* >'  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat P)&qy .+E0  
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        mat.Nd = nlens {N 0i 3e s  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat X,i^OM_  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens xC.Tipn>  
    f|-%.,  
        '************************************************************************* \TTt!"aK  
        'Pupil diameter eU m,=s  
        '************************************************************************* kJG0X%+w  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) _q1E4z  
    cXG$zwS\  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @DA.$zn&  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" .3< sv  
    ok<!/"RX$  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ?9m@ S#@  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /U =eB?>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) FW--|X]8   
        count = 0 qB44;!(  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count m #}%l3$  
            GetOperation eID, count, op =s$UU15  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then y9)Rl)7-:  
                DeleteOperation eID,count VLs%;|`5D  
                count=count-1 >'96SE3  
            End If Q=Y1kcTOn  
            count=count+1 &WAJ;7f  
        Wend vK~tgZ&  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" eIY![..J/N  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 $g+q;Y~i0  
        op.parent = parID 3pk `&'  
        AddOperation eID, op 55]E<2't  
    P gK> Z,  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam %q)*8  
    w*7BiZ{s<  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description }Gg:y?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r&?i>.Kz8  
        GetEntity eID, entity |$aTJ9 Iq:  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" NM:\T1  
        SetEntity eID, entity [[ ;vZ  
    dyMj=e  
        Update +U];  
        Print "DONE!" tWN hFQ'  
         ^J{tOxO=l  
    End Sub H|i39XV  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: 60r4%> d  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters )`B n"=  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm p!]$!qHO (  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ?*h 2:a$  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 FqT2+VO~  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 X=U>r  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 qS{E+)P  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 5$w`m3>i(  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 +{F2hEYP  
    DONE! a= *qsgPGL  
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    QQ:2987619807 JTn\NSa  
     
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