[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ".2K9j7$  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?H|T&66  
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模型 `x8Bn"  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 a=]Wzlz
 
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. h BMH)aU  
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光源 nS.G~c|  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 #*$p-I=  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 y.a]r7  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 4cgIEw[6  
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视网膜的散射 +++pI.>(*Q  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 `iixq9xi  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 IM(u<c$  
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脚本 v548ysE)  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： C8b''9t.  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 |ng%PQq)  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 R,0Oq5  
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分析 f6ZZ}lwaV  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 " ~Q*XN2  
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脚本代码 #uvJH8)D  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. \9m*(_Qf  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY y?:dE.5p|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION @6MAX"  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 78
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Dim A As Double ;;#nV$  
Dim pupilDiam As Double kK[duW=6  
Dim eID As Long h}Ygb-uZ  
Dim parID As Long ([pSVOnIz  
Dim count As Integer \lr/;-zP  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 5P+YK\~  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double wh6&>m#r  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double J_"3UZ~&  
Dim ok As Long 3N%{B  
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Sub Main PZOORjF8A  
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    '用户输入对话框 ww,
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 :JV\){P  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 dr]&kqm  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 19I:%$U3  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 OgMI  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 2VYvO=KA  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 gxM[V>[  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 AzjMv6N   
    End Dialog SMO*({/  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog TA;,>f*  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) i^/54  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed |5ONFde"0  
        Print "Execution cancelled." P|}\/}{`  
        End I'A:J  
    End If g!^J,e=  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty M,..Kw/ }~  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Czu1)y  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 2Ow<`[7  
    Else `ue?Z%p|  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ~CFMIQ et  
    End If 1n3$V:00  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then [=~!w_  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter !R{em48D  
    Else <7RfBR.9  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) _LLshV3  
    End If uBRw>"c_*8  
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    Print " " ~d+O/:=K_  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" A$m<@
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ha>SZnKD{  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation B1,?{Ur  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness *`.LA@bHU  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Oga1u  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Wa, 7P2
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens _LsYMUe  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness -
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction hg&u0AQ2  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation k(9s+0qe  
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    '************************************************************************* ~Jxlj(" 0(  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) P2QRvn6v  
    '************************************************************************* S5/p=H:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) H<z30r/-w  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Gl"wEL*  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Q'C4pn@  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z l]>!`'sJL  
    count = 0 VLx T"]
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `W="g6(  
        GetOperation eID, count, op m&ZJqsZIL  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .Nk
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            DeleteOperation eID,count 30BR0C  
            count=count-1 #4lHaFq  
        End If ^@Y9!G=  
        count=count+1 9<w=),R`8  
    Wend rNxG0^k(  
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    'Set new shift in m]e0X*Kg  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" rr>IKyI'  
    op.val1 = taq Iw*C*%}[Z  
    op.parent = parID % dYI5U89  
    AddOperation eID, op uiuTv)pwF  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 sI4QI\*4  
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    '************************************************************************* W*3o|x  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens (\tq<h0  
    '************************************************************************* nHE+p\  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ^|r`"gOJ3  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic tRkrV]K  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant z3ZuC{  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant G1A$PR  
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    '************************************************************************* Q.<giBh  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens @ljZw(  
    '************************************************************************* s~/57S  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ^?#@[4?"  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic F6~b#Jz&i  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost YdPlN];[  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ^NcTWbs-T  
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    '************************************************************************* CCC4(v  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) "[Yip5  
    '************************************************************************* 7Zhli Y1  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Xx=K?Z?3.  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) FyQOa)5  
    count = 0 G &m>Ov$#&  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \]Kq(k[p  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Z=0iPy,m>  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "MW55OWYU  
            DeleteOperation eID,count //VG1@vaVX  
            count=count-1 (69kvA&|q  
        End If M_yZR^;^-  
        count=count+1 :p,c%"8  
    Wend wHq('+{=&  
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    'Set new z-shift GcPB'`!M  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~_(!}V
 
    op.val1 = tlens bBd*}"v^"  
    op.parent = parID jY1^+y{  
    AddOperation eID, op Kw)C{L5a  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens o,iS&U"TC  
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    '************************************************************************* $XU-[OF%:9  
    'Lens index of refraction x*3@,GmZl  
    '************************************************************************* mm3zQ!2j.  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :h3#1fko  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat }S Y`KoC1  
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    mat.Nd = nlens #Lu4OSM+  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat e,PQ)1  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens b=6ZdN1  
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    '************************************************************************* wI|bBfd(  
    'Pupil diameter @Z"QA!OK~c  
    '************************************************************************* O%rS;o  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) E;ndw/GZjR  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) '5&B~ 1&  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" bvt-
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens LA(f]Xmc  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N9~'
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 2d,wrC<'$  
    count = 0 %t,1_c0w  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count p8E;[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op #$9U=^Z[  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0nF>zOmc  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Iwd"f  
            count=count-1 B{=,VwaP_  
        End If 0O@[on;Bd  
        count=count+1 f?oI'5R41  
    Wend + xkMW%e<  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" G5C#i7cpm  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 XmE_F  
    op.parent = parID 0hEF$d6U  
    AddOperation eID, op PDa0
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam r)*_,Fo|  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description {RWahnr{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) x %!OP\  
    GetEntity eID, entity I+-Rs2wb  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" @)FXG~C*  
    SetEntity eID, entity `pn-fk  
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    Update LQuYCfj|  
    Print "DONE!" l-JKcsM  
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End Sub G
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： m''iE  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm \p_8YC  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 `^@g2c+d  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 A*?/F:E  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 s2 t-T0;  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 YV>VA<
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ~S~x@&yR  
Set pupil diameter = 4 (,Zz&3 AV  
DONE! wLg:YM"  
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