[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Azdz3/  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 5Tcl<Y6l  
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模型 [1QkcR  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 0&SrKn  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. f0HV*%8  
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光源 Hz;jJ&S  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 {YxS
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Fh3Dc 83~  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 <(6-9(zHa  
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视网膜的散射 66Cj=n5  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 C6;](rN)N  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 VES4x%r=  
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脚本
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： "< hx  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 /w0v5X7  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 hvv>UC/  
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分析 +ouy]b0`t  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 #I{Yf(2Z  
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脚本代码 piM11W}|/  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 7<C~D,x6  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY uD*s^  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 3lrZ-k+S{  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL k;Ny%%5  
Dim A As Double Q!A3hr$IF  
Dim pupilDiam As Double p(b1I+!  
Dim eID As Long !6fpMo  
Dim parID As Long c%,6L<[  
Dim count As Integer HZQ3Ht3Vh  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double -L'`d  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ?0)XS<  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double a.*j8T  
Dim ok As Long ;g)Fhdy!  
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Sub Main oB}G^t  
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    '用户输入对话框 %Fm;LQa ]  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ';T5[l,  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ~esEql=Q3'  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 {O,M
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ^HN  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 r D!.N   
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 nm|m1Z+U  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 t=\[J+  
    End Dialog 5Yibv6:3a  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog YH+\rb_  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) $j2)_(<A%Q  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed >]08".ajS  
        Print "Execution cancelled." <XcMc<h~  
        End W[Ew6)1T  
    End If ^9f`3~!#bc  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty nXaX=  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then FveK|
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation qy(/   
    Else F3|pS:  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) adPU)k_j:  
    End If ~I
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then bRe*(  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter _eeX]x
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    Else Pisr&"A  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) c5+lm}R?  
    End If +dpj?  
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    Print " " '# 2J?f'  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" v5ddb)  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" gbv[*R{<%  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation V>j`  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ;mKU>F<V  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ?(UXK hs  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens T eTOj|  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens =QO[zke:  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens wyEgm:Vt  

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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness >gLyz2  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Jm,X~Si  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 3t6'5{  
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    '************************************************************************* 'ZgW~G]S  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 7%}}m&A7h  
    '************************************************************************* qfe%\krN{i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 3;gtuqwD$  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity U4pvQE.m<  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) =+\oL!^  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z B y8Tw;aL  
    count = 0 +Z0E?,Oz  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^Exq=oV  
        GetOperation eID, count, op zXPj7K*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then +34jot.!  
            DeleteOperation eID,count D4-U[l+K>  
            count=count-1 <x
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        End If yKhzymS}T  
        count=count+1 y_r6T XnGL  
    Wend p5BcDYOw`  
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    'Set new shift in 55KL^+-~  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /T'nY{  
    op.val1 = taq tqC#_[~7  
    op.parent = parID Y)RikF >  
    AddOperation eID, op E#]%e^  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 l'f!za0  
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    '************************************************************************* E:OeU_\  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]gk1h=Y~h  
    '************************************************************************* Q
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) pU/.|Sh  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Im#$iPIvT  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Z:Am\7 I  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant cv1L!Ce,  
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    '************************************************************************* g"f^YEQ_  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Inoou'jX  
    '************************************************************************* yh<aFYdk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) I{bi3y0  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic PS1~6f"D  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost J6P Tkm}^  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Ca|;8ggf  
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    '************************************************************************* ;& +75n  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) t]XJq  
    '************************************************************************* c5pG?jr+d  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) u>#'Y+7  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) OwUbm0)h^V  
    count = 0 _>I5Ud8(-  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %4J?xhd  
        GetOperation eID, count, op  `SrVMb(  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _A*0K,F-  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 2ra4t]f6  
            count=count-1 RPwSo.c4
 
        End If {lJpcS  
        count=count+1 ]ghPbS@  
    Wend p10->BBg  
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    'Set new z-shift jT',+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" <D}k@M Z  
    op.val1 = tlens 3&f{lsLAC  
    op.parent = parID ;p8xL)mUP  
    AddOperation eID, op 00+5a TrE  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens wC~Uy%  
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    '************************************************************************* pP&~S<[  
    'Lens index of refraction Xob##{P3  
    '************************************************************************* yFjSvm6  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) SrIynO
  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat m{|n.b  
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    mat.Nd = nlens '1<QK  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ; V8 =B8w  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens vSh)r 9  
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    '************************************************************************* I]58;|J  
    'Pupil diameter .E(Ucnz/  
    '************************************************************************* IV76#jL  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Sj\8$QIXC  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) t"Rn#V\c."  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" W;7cF8fu4  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ja2LXM  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~<-i7uM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) oID,PB*9  
    count = 0 3f0RMk$pH  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count f`cO5lP/:)  
        GetOperation eID, count, op JXrMtSp\  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?]S*=6  
            DeleteOperation eID,count MFrVGEQBRL  
            count=count-1 HUH=Y;  
        End If }/=_  
        count=count+1 i{.!1i:  
    Wend G"]'`2.m  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :|bPr_&U$  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 gU:j
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    op.parent = parID Onao'sjY  
    AddOperation eID, op yd$y\pN=<  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam xpae0vw  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description HjrCX>v  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) umY4tNe]$  
    GetEntity eID, entity 5^qI6
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" GKX#-zsh79  
    SetEntity eID, entity $4m{g"xL  
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    Update D?$f[+  
    Print "DONE!" RaR$lcG+iY  
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End Sub -70Ut 4B  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： cYK3>p A  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters =73wngw  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 7C=t19&R'  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 HghNI  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 rxO|k0x^C  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 DF<_
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 b1-JnEc  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 h<[o;E  
Set pupil diameter = 4 H'+P7*k#M  
DONE! J^U#dYd  
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