[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 1ysLZ;K  
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模型 aaugu.9  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 /N]Ow  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. xFm{oJ!]&  
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光源 lZA>L, \d  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 .-u
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 h NOYFH  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 )|h;J4V  
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视网膜的散射 FSwgPIO>  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 GE~(N N  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 p]
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脚本 QVG0>,+}$  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： >.O*gv/_  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 lq\'  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。  ny  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Hc&uE3=%sL  
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脚本代码 \o62OfF!  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. v`_i1h9p{  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 0x]OF8=J  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ){Ciu[h  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL g]==!!^<D  
Dim A As Double w$b+R8.n)  
Dim pupilDiam As Double N[a ljC-R  
Dim eID As Long 47C(\\
 
Dim parID As Long *< $c =  
Dim count As Integer s}[A4`EWH  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double .o\;,l2  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ;*wT,2;  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double n{.*El>{  
Dim ok As Long M|[@znzR<  
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Sub Main yUD_w  
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    '用户输入对话框 +(=0CA0GE  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Mz/]DJ8  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 9zoT6QP4  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 wr3_Bf3]  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 t?]\M&i&  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 F=-uDtQ<N  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Z^'?
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 5#TrCPi6A  
    End Dialog P0'e"\$  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog KrdZEi vb  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) IFd )OZ5  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed o~OwE7H)A  
        Print "Execution cancelled." [):{5hMA  
        End 6?3
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    End If i\kTm?BQZ  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty T:K"  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Ss@u,`pr  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation %XEKhy  
    Else @9}),hl`  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) "*Lj8C3|n  
    End If *3A3>Rwu  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then )z2|"Lp  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter G$?|S@I,  
    Else 0[n c7)sW  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) D~G5]M,}$  
    End If 
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    Print " " u-AWJc+F.  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" `3f_d}b  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ,N;))3  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation [D*J[?yt  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Vk MinE  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Wmzq  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens q+YuVQ-fx  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ZWf-X  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens [<]Y
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness !UBy%DN~k  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction YniZ( ~^K  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 8|1`Tn}o  
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    '************************************************************************* iLF^%!:X%  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) UH5w7M  
    '************************************************************************* ,/i_QgP  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ANckv|&'v  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity . _1jk  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) U{73Xax  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z jr9&.8%W:v  
    count = 0 /nc~T3j  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count RS'} nY}  
        GetOperation eID, count, op |r5e{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then q\a[S*  
            DeleteOperation eID,count o:_^gJ+|  
            count=count-1 HV ;;  
        End If 92!JKZe  
        count=count+1 Q(l
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    Wend Ee&hG[sx  
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    'Set new shift in \;-qdV_JB  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" >B0D/:R9  
    op.val1 = taq w|=gSC-o  
    op.parent = parID 'g]hmE  
    AddOperation eID, op $Z/klSEf  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ,*7H|de7  
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    '************************************************************************* Ejq=*UOP  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens H6_xwuw:  
    '************************************************************************* B]1HS`*7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ^"1TPd|  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic hL0]R,t;'  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant YZibi  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant M:_!w[NiLp  
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    '************************************************************************* Qu`n&  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens VMx%1^/(  
    '************************************************************************* 3wZ(+<4i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) I0DM=V>;  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic r=qLaPG  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Uan,H1a  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost vXb:  
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    '************************************************************************* p'&*r2_ram  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) gv9=quG  
    '************************************************************************* 1i u =Y  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Z v4<b  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) a\pi(9R  
    count = 0 ]M3#3Ha"  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count >!}`%pk(  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ?vu_k 'io  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^n9a" qz  
            DeleteOperation eID,count M/{g(|{  
            count=count-1 M-Y0xWs  
        End If x5OC;OQc  
        count=count+1 B;!f<"a8  
    Wend L,~MicgV  
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    'Set new z-shift [Uli>/%JB  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" H?uukmZl  
    op.val1 = tlens ANMYX18M  
    op.parent = parID 2zK"*7b?  
    AddOperation eID, op jJ~Y]dQi  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens
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    '************************************************************************* Kd3QqVJBz1  
    'Lens index of refraction }>&KUl  
    '************************************************************************* JDv-O&]  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) t\r:E2 O  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat .#fPw_i  
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    mat.Nd = nlens i"HgvBHx  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat We}lx{E  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens |)o#|Qo  
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    '************************************************************************* aqMc6N`z  
    'Pupil diameter $ [7 Vgs  
    '************************************************************************* R#(G%66   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) @T&t.|`  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) s&'BM~WI  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ->E=&X  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens #U=;T]!'$  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j7 d:v7+_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }q!_!q,@  
    count = 0 0xpx(T[  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ip``v0Nf  
        GetOperation eID, count, op U,;xZe  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then dvjTyX  
            DeleteOperation eID,count WM,i:P)b  
            count=count-1 A+ 
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        End If d~*TIN8Ke~  
        count=count+1 /smiopFcq  
    Wend Lw*]EG|?  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" u+D[_yd^  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Ct]A%=cZW  
    op.parent = parID /\=MBUN  
    AddOperation eID, op [VSU"AJ
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam _+w/ pS`M  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description cDV^8 R  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :0^s0l  
    GetEntity eID, entity 8o-bd_  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" O~@fXMthh  
    SetEntity eID, entity  k0H#:c}  
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    Update -<N&0F4|*  
    Print "DONE!" o a<q/  
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End Sub uQeu4$k!  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： $'"8QOnJ?k  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 1u}nm;3  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm vtxvS3   
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2KI!
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 m)&znLA
 
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 YaY8 `M{  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 YQ(Po!NI\'  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +S~.c;EK  
Set pupil diameter = 4 IFuZ]CBz  
DONE! "uD=KlA  
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