[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 +im>|  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 kt0ma
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模型  3g#  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Y >83G`*}b  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. #7Pnw.s3zz  
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光源 A%zX LV=3O  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 S%sD#0l  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 9Sy|:J0  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 9c}mAg
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视网膜的散射 /ZeN\ybx  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 EJz?GM  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 YIc|0[ ]*|  
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脚本 L2jjkyX]  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： QR#L1+Hn  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 3`mM0,fY  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ~:l
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分析 9bx
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 *\M$pUS{  
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脚本代码 ;GjZvo  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. R'Uw
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'20
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ] C&AU[U*  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 'ZUB:R@[  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 9eh9@~mU"l  
Dim A As Double ^hN.FIzM  
Dim pupilDiam As Double kYl')L6  
Dim eID As Long L4x08 e  
Dim parID As Long i"HENJyCb  
Dim count As Integer ' thEZ  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double '/[9Xwh9  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double v Wt{kg;  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double kR1dk4I4  
Dim ok As Long e+? -#  
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Sub Main @#?w>38y  
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    '用户输入对话框 Vo; B#lK  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 pp!>:%  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 OfAh?^R  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 [Dv6z t>  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 VY#:IE:T  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 |rhCQ"H  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 $zR[2{bg  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 p^(gXzW  
    End Dialog bTrQ(qp  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ,]\:]Y&?  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) M.loG4r!
 
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 1I1Z),  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 6 pQbh*  
        End \kQ@G  
    End If =64%eF  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty zq?
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then :AzP3~BI  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ?#cX_  
    Else uINm>$G,5  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) .AzGPcJY  
    End If $:aKb#l)  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then #G/ _FRo`  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter L+b"d3!G&%  
    Else ?d? cD  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) |iJ+e -_R  
    End If _s&sA2r<  
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    Print " " x9Qa.Jmj  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" hny):59f  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 2Y+8!4^L a  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 8r 4 L4  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness s)e'}y  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens unUCn5hJ=  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens DW,fh8w  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens MvO!
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ,iUYsY  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ];|;")#=  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction p(5'|eqBV  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 
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    '************************************************************************* u}[Z=V  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ;zbF~5e  
    '************************************************************************* ~TGk`cAM>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) n,Z B-"dW  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity m>@$T x  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Xu1tN9:oE  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 05<MsxB"w  
    count = 0 qX(sx2TK  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count bB^SD] }C  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ^c9~~m16+  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \\qw"w9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count y3 {om^ f  
            count=count-1 hE-u9i  
        End If }tIIA"dZ  
        count=count+1 d45JT?qg&  
    Wend <3!jra,h  
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    'Set new shift in C?FUc cI  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ef;OrE""  
    op.val1 = taq |7jUf$Q\p  
    op.parent = parID X3KPN  
    AddOperation eID, op ?hu$  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Hm?zMyO.k  
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    '************************************************************************* az(u=}  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ak?XE4-N  
    '************************************************************************* pvJsSX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) /&>6#3df-  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic \h%/Cp+p  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant H1,;Xrm  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant :VPZGzK4  
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    '************************************************************************* r lalr+Rf  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 0ih=<@1K  
    '************************************************************************* _RFTm.9&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) pZ/aZg1Ld  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic e+z_Rj%Y;I  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost xj/ +Z!,9  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost D]9I-
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    '************************************************************************* !\a'GO[  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Cwxy~.mI  
    '************************************************************************* F6gboo)SD  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 21$YZlhJ  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ;}b.gpG  
    count = 0 ZGHkW9b&  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count
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        GetOperation eID, count, op fA u^%jiU  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _Mf
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            DeleteOperation eID,count slV+2b  
            count=count-1 'AX/?Srd  
        End If Uhc2`r#q  
        count=count+1 -{i;!XE$SR  
    Wend 6@-VLO))O  
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    'Set new z-shift QvK-3w;=  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" %aU4d e^  
    op.val1 = tlens /jQW4eW0  
    op.parent = parID W6t"n_%?"  
    AddOperation eID, op /O1r=lv3Z  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens O_#Ag K<A  
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    '************************************************************************* ~3Y)o|D3  
    'Lens index of refraction [XWY-q#Gg  
    '************************************************************************* 4tTK5`7N  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 9x/HQ(1  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat LlP_`fA  
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    mat.Nd = nlens , ;L  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat  h&\%~LO.  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens P SDzs\s  
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    '************************************************************************* ^w.x~#zI  
    'Pupil diameter PW"G]G,  
    '************************************************************************* 2]n"7Z8(v8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) )A9K
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) XJ~_FiB  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" *a*\E R  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens !8^:19+  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N.OC _H&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 1>OfJc(K  
    count = 0 77
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?y82S*sb#  
        GetOperation eID, count, op cQ~}qE>I  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then +!IIt {u  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %"~\Pu*>  
            count=count-1 U7d%*g  
        End If N"MuAUB:K  
        count=count+1 4:-h\%  
    Wend &K5wCNX1  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" jy`jxOoG~Z  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 jA R@?X  
    op.parent = parID 8munw  
    AddOperation eID, op mA
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam = R|?LOEK+  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description YRF%].A%2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^~Nz8PCY  
    GetEntity eID, entity {7&(2Z]z  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" K*Y.mM)  
    SetEntity eID, entity n.]K"$230  
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    Update [O
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    Print "DONE!" 8`Fo^c=j  
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End Sub ZzPlIl}\  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： YXxaD@  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters !0:uM)_k  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 9,=3D2x&  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 I#QBJ#  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 k`Nc<nN8  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 AVyO5>w  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 _hyboQi  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 =8S*t
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Set pupil diameter = 4 Xk%92Pto  
DONE! J<Di2b+  
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