[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 l%3Q=c  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 G+%5V5GS  
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模型 0Mzc1dG:  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 `OF g.R|  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 2R~=@  
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光源 ui:>eYv  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 %[31ZFYB  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 'FvhzGn9Q
 
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。
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视网膜的散射 Aghj)V  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 4FP~+  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 r5$?4t  
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脚本 %W|Zj QI^  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： HZ`G)1&)  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 P(gID  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 R<YYf^y  
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分析 {83He@  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 2wimP8  
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脚本代码 7XI4=O};&%  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 9/qS*Zdh)  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY l+kg4
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Dim op As T_OPERATION ;<ma K*f\S  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL It:QXLi;  
Dim A As Double Xcpm?
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Dim pupilDiam As Double b.u8w2(  
Dim eID As Long 2/o/UfYjgF  
Dim parID As Long h],%va[  
Dim count As Integer WT? U~.U  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 1H@rNam&  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 4I[FE;^  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 2n r UE  
Dim ok As Long ,(Hmk(,  
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Sub Main .6A:t?.  
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    '用户输入对话框 +W3>Yg%)X  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 h+d;`7Z>  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 X!+ a;wr  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 =id $  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 '|R@k_nx  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 z7}zf@Y-qv  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 +g7nM7,1a  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 wg~`Md  
    End Dialog 0\<-R  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog J^a"1|  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) lTd2~_  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed h*LL(ow5  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 5WN Z7cO  
        End *U^hwL  
    End If a~TZ9yg+HL  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty bHT@]`@@  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then .qPfi] ty  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation #\["y%;W  
    Else \uPTk)oaB  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) D}U<7=\3H  
    End If e%Xf*64  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ,
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ymCIk/\  
    Else ;i?!qB>baX  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 6N)1/=)  
    End If ~ b_gwJ'  
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    Print " " =eLb"7C#0  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Y-{BY5E.  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" "kg$s5o  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation OIT;fKl9  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness sYI':UQe  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 6+z]MT  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens GK%ovK  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens \ \}/2#1=c  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens <BA&S _=4  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness D.!7jA#  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction %"^XxVJ*  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 3:#rFb  
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    '************************************************************************* !c($C  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) p00AcUTq  
    '************************************************************************* `{_PSzM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (W!$6+GT  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity LS$82UB&  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) R  |%  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ;BVhkWA  
    count = 0 +}/!yQtH  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count mkA|gM[g7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op  O+j:L  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then J,Ap9HJt  
            DeleteOperation eID,count GA}^Rh`T-  
            count=count-1 _AbEQ\P{  
        End If $'*BS  
        count=count+1 +cH(nZ*f  
    Wend 2GzpWV(  
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    'Set new shift in <z)G& h@  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" D.`\ ^a  
    op.val1 = taq j56 An6g  
    op.parent = parID ulM&kw.4i  
    AddOperation eID, op ,2bAKa  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 %Ege^4PE  
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    '************************************************************************* :5J6rj;_  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens  0 XzO`*  
    '************************************************************************* KK$A4`YoR  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ): C4}&l  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic yRkMR$5&  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant J3;KQ}F.I  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant e`F|sz]k"H  
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    '************************************************************************* |lV9?#!  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens C<XDQ>?  
    '************************************************************************* d2sq]Q  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) BH a>2N  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic K/cK6Yr  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost GGtrH~zx
  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost e]?S-J'z  
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    '************************************************************************* U$uO%:4%  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) /|AuI qW  
    '************************************************************************* >~~\==".  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |0p'p$%  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ^^uD33@_  
    count = 0 )n@3@NV  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count MX,0gap  
        GetOperation eID, count, op GJPZ[bo  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then TVwYFX  
            DeleteOperation eID,count P^W47 SO  
            count=count-1 =]"|x7'!  
        End If )W|jt
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        count=count+1 [)n}!5fE  
    Wend |3ETF|)?  
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    'Set new z-shift 7!wnx.  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Un{ln*AR\  
    op.val1 = tlens 0u2uYiE-l  
    op.parent = parID QPE.b-S  
    AddOperation eID, op tC-KW~&  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens k|'Mh0G0  
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    '************************************************************************* ~1sl.8tF  
    'Lens index of refraction *?Ef}:]  
    '************************************************************************* RQNi&zX/  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) % 6.jh#C  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat rF3]AW(  
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    mat.Nd = nlens S'p`ECfVMA  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat tuV?:g?  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens w8I&:"^7<  
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    '************************************************************************* Qp&ySU8  
    'Pupil diameter SJ^?D8  
    '************************************************************************* 7#qL9+G  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) b)^ZiRW``  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) n3j h\  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 6'!{0 5=m  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ^T6!z^g1h  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8w?\_P7QA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) IF}c*uGj}  
    count = 0 u(WQWsN  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5THS5'
  
        GetOperation eID, count, op UC/2&7?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )'`AX\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count C?|3\@7  
            count=count-1 lILtxVBO2o  
        End If ,!u@
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        count=count+1 $: m87cR~  
    Wend $=xQX  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" bMOM`At>z  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]Ja8i%LjOG  
    op.parent = parID lA-!~SM v"  
    AddOperation eID, op - :z5m+  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam zTT  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description m{dyVE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) h21(K}  
    GetEntity eID, entity VD3MJ8!w  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ?iEXFYJG  
    SetEntity eID, entity Rue|<d1  
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    Update -<JBKPtA  
    Print "DONE!" zQ %z"tQ  
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End Sub vcJb\LW  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Bd~cY/M  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters /,N!g_"Z  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm p6y0W`U  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 mQ60@_"Y=,  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ^!p<zZ  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 :`u&TXsu  
Set lens thickness = 3.927
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 0ij~
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Set pupil diameter = 4 hN:F8r+DG  
DONE! jw(>@SXz  
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