[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 +hMF\@  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 W o$UV  
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模型 `>{S?t<  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 d/Fy0=0  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. @XX7ydG5  
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光源 ?}U l(  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 \1#!%I=.  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 _zFJ]7Ym.)  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 qyYf&VC}  
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视网膜的散射 +P"u1q*+p  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 3a6  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ~Uaz;<"j0  
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脚本 Q02:qn?T  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： fm^)u"  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 =J&aN1Hgt  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 vpqMKyy  
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分析 rwepe5  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 3+# "4O  
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脚本代码 h2Jdcr#@FF  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. r=pb7=M#LN  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY r$.v"Wh)  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Z8_QKw>  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL yzmwNsu  
Dim A As Double Y=N; Bj  
Dim pupilDiam As Double H>2f M^  
Dim eID As Long jF%[.n[BU  
Dim parID As Long (-rw]=Qu  
Dim count As Integer lEv<n6:_  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double `` mi9E  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ]&/KAk  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ym)`<[T  
Dim ok As Long .Qeml4(`3  
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Sub Main /!Kl  
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    '用户输入对话框 tpi>$:e  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 kaj6C_k|  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ePJtdKN:  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 g$ oe00b  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 4?^t=7N  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 `L=$,7`  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 lhA<wV1-9G  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 J]|lCwF  
    End Dialog \aO.LwYm;:  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog q#~]Hp=W5  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) (^Kcyag4  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed h}_1cev?  
        Print "Execution cancelled." h7S&tW GU  
        End /U%
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    End If rn?:ut
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ^f,('0p->  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Q`}n;DV  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation q(yw,]h]{  
    Else K>`7f]?H*e  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) #?z1cgCg  
    End If &n:F])`2  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Pl }dA  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Vhww-A  
    Else ZK[S'(6q  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) oIM]  
    End If .#;;pu7W  
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    Print " " a]465FY  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" M#qZ0JT4  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 1& k_&o  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation kgz2/,  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ?~aM<rcZ  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens I$neE"wW  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens +*Cg2`  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens yoj5XBM  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens AX%9k  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness d%9r"=/  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction id.o)=  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation [j5^Zb&0  
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    '*************************************************************************  IjDG  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) fwIZr~l  
    '************************************************************************* w>X33Ff]8@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #TUsi,jG  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity I/GZ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) sf?D4UdIH  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z .J~iRhVOF  
    count = 0 CD^_>sya  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )4a&OlEI  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 8*)zoT*A  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )E^4\3^:  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 11 .RG *  
            count=count-1 / GJ"##<  
        End If ?/{ qRz'C<  
        count=count+1 +6f5uMKUvs  
    Wend /
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    'Set new shift in jjz<V(Sk  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" gB<p  
    op.val1 = taq B\}E v&  
    op.parent = parID 9\Mesf1$o  
    AddOperation eID, op m7e$Z  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 gW6lMyiLb  
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    '************************************************************************* sj`9O-?49  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens \x x<\8Qr_  
    '************************************************************************* c?e
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) OR( )D~:n  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $Kb-mFR  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant z0HCmj9T  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant H U$:x"AW  
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    '************************************************************************* pp#Kb 2*  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 9))%tYN  
    '************************************************************************* Z[AJat@H  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Ajq;\-:  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Y.i<7pBt  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost rEdr8qw  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost
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    '************************************************************************* B{/Pv0y  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 0wZLkU_(  
    '************************************************************************* `U!eh1*b  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) @OFl^
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) YIfPE{,  
    count = 0 @w6^*Z_hQ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v2EM| Q xp  
        GetOperation eID, count, op u;&`_=p  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then x7Ly,  
            DeleteOperation eID,count =[t([DG  
            count=count-1 \#2,1W@  
        End If WqY:XE+?\  
        count=count+1 J%f5NSSU{6  
    Wend 1(hgSf1WH  
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    'Set new z-shift >|@ /GpD  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `z5j  
    op.val1 = tlens (rZq0*  
    op.parent = parID ?*,N ?s(U  
    AddOperation eID, op ^bL.|vB  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens )J~Qx-jG  
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    '************************************************************************* wm*`  
    'Lens index of refraction _4zlEo-.gU  
    '************************************************************************* *M+:GH/5  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Mk|h ><Q"  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat t ~U&a9&Z  
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    mat.Nd = nlens $
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat #5G!lbH  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens faD(,H  
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    '************************************************************************* )dC%g=dtc  
    'Pupil diameter b4ORDU  
    '************************************************************************* U G^6I5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 6n%^ U2H/-  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) >?U(w<  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" /kx:BoV  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 4d0PW#97.  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) G:u[Lk#6K  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) HewVwD<C  
    count = 0 rm3~]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count f} }Bb8  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ]Z<{ ~  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @] )a  
            DeleteOperation eID,count rCYNdfdpp  
            count=count-1 `9S<E  
        End If .t"s>jq 1  
        count=count+1 us`hR!_  
    Wend 6sQ"go$}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ms;Lu-UR  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 b LL!iz?  
    op.parent = parID d<7xSRC   
    AddOperation eID, op 6G@_!i*2F  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 3gv>AgG  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description En5I  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) CzNSJVE5  
    GetEntity eID, entity _6=6 b!hD  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ]7dm`XV  
    SetEntity eID, entity /:yKa=$  
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    Update $`l- c
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    Print "DONE!" "p2PZ)|  
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End Sub 8{Zgvqbb  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： >K50 h  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters dBobVT'  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm |!57Z4X  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 !R)v2Mk|  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ym(r;mj!  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 s`H}NjWx  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 TmzEZ<} &7  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 =H!u4  
Set pupil diameter = 4 I"T_<  
DONE! #<v3G)|aS  
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