[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 /s6':~4  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 q /|<>s  
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模型 ,*0>CBJvv  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 %Zx/XMs}e  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. c[<lr  
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光源 <_MQC  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 _h_;nS.Y  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 IJq$GR  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 dT,X8 "  

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视网膜的散射 'm}~  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 7r"!&P*,  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ..<(HH2  
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脚本 jY>KF'y  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： -K}@Gp  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 kp<9o!?)  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ICq;jfML  
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分析 Yl8tjq}iC  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 e[915Q_  
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脚本代码 W@"M/<r@/  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. f
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 6gakopZO  
Dim op As T_OPERATION i-sE\m  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL |[!xLqG  
Dim A As Double 5?9}^s4  
Dim pupilDiam As Double a;*&q/{o  
Dim eID As Long #:' P3)&  
Dim parID As Long U@f3V8CPy  
Dim count As Integer .&r] ?O  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double seAkOIc  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double '-w G  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double An]*J|nFIY  
Dim ok As Long P[XE5puC  
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Sub Main ?H*_:?=6  
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    '用户输入对话框 3w{i5gGn  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 \,p)  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21  Kn\Oj=4  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 rQisk8%  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 -iH/~a  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 'ARQ7 Q[`  
    End Dialog V7rcnk#  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Wt8;S$!=R  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) [>"qOFCr#:  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed &rw|fF|]  
        Print "Execution cancelled." u{6*}6@fi  
        End 9SAyU%mS:  
    End If [&FMVM`  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty {R1jysGtD  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then #+Vvf
  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation #XJYkaL  
    Else /-BplU*"9  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) p[Q
   
    End If 7!MW`L/`  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then p(0!TCBs  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 9^ mrsj  
    Else A|y&\~<A  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) >DbG$V<v'  
    End If _HGDqjL  
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    Print " " OSkZW  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" &lGp /m:  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ^lf;Lc  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation L
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness .4-;  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens aNXu"US+Sp  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens =gfLl1wY[  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens TAzhD.6C  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 9.%{M#j  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction AV&W&$  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation YO-O-NEP  
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    '************************************************************************* TSuHY0.cp  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 1Z`<HW"  
    '************************************************************************* YtIJJH  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >nl*aN  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity T+2?u.{I  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) TR:D  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z %W`pTvF  
    count = 0 :5"|iRP'  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?<F\S2W

 
        GetOperation eID, count, op LClPAbr  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |0-5-.  
            DeleteOperation eID,count q)!{oi{x(  
            count=count-1 ^QFjBQ-Hai  
        End If NTVG'3o  
        count=count+1 a(BC(^1!  
    Wend k92189B9j/  
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    'Set new shift in pK$^@~DE  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" yY,.GzIjCj  
    op.val1 = taq .g4bV5ma3  
    op.parent = parID b5H[~8mf  
    AddOperation eID, op B>~E6j7[Mp  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 A?6b)B/e?  
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    '************************************************************************* Ui1K66{  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens m0\(a_0V  
    '************************************************************************* 5(U.<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) gk]r:p<O  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic m'429E]\S  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Iem* 'r  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ?f&*mp  
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    '************************************************************************* ,Xb:f/lB  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 9$d (`-&9p  
    '************************************************************************* /nC"'d(#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Z/ThYbk  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ew"[]eZ:ut  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost I#9K/

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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost o.j;dsZ  
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    '************************************************************************* ,cbP yg  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \3Xt\1qN4  
    '************************************************************************* FiFZM  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) dn`#N^Od  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Ie+z"&0  
    count = 0 /=-E`%R}!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count I:Z38xz-[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Q0M8}  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tc# rL  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ozGK
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            count=count-1 ]Q)TqwYF  
        End If U>:p`@  
        count=count+1 6%fU}si,  
    Wend i44KTC"sB  
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    'Set new z-shift SUvHLOA  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 0eb`9yM  
    op.val1 = tlens U8.DPRa  
    op.parent = parID )_f "[m%  
    AddOperation eID, op t,RR\S  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens vO"AJ`_  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Lens index of refraction f5`exfdHE  
    '************************************************************************* w+ _'BU1#  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ..n-&(c32  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat xx41Qw>\W  
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    mat.Nd = nlens |@Z QoH  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat OZ7MpQ  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens II[qWs>RG[  
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    '************************************************************************* }.e*=/"MB  
    'Pupil diameter "*TnkFTR  
    '************************************************************************* EP{y?+E2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,!Ah+x  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) vY.p~3q :)  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 3B;B#0g50  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 'm-s8]-W  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~9x$tb x-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ]Ub?Wo7F?  
    count = 0 %Wu3$b  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5w{_WR6,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &o)j@5Y?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then N)&3(A@  
            DeleteOperation eID,count }X}fX#[  
            count=count-1 a}%>i~v<  
        End If -S9$C*t  
        count=count+1 BcA:M\dK%  
    Wend ~0ZP%1.B3  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &{l?j>|TM  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 4.R >mN[  
    op.parent = parID ;Wb W\,P'  
    AddOperation eID, op pGUrYik4  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 'N'EC`R  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Jfo#IRC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ar>S_
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    GetEntity eID, entity oXb}6YC  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 6(X(f;MEl  
    SetEntity eID, entity * 4
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    Update 9G 9!=J  
    Print "DONE!" CCQ<.iCU  
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End Sub m<TKy_C`  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： vvdC.4O  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters \%rX~UhZ=  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm D0tI
  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Q
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 JZ80|-c  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 i>>_S&!9p  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 aElEV e3  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 LB U]^t@ M  
Set pupil diameter = 4 >*k3D&  
DONE! 2;U(r:]  
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