[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 zMzf=~  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 GdeR#%z  
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模型 Po!JgcJ#\  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 |ezO@  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. IA 9v1:>  
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光源 h9w^7MbO  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 &R FM d=  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 \v P2B  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ID).*@(I"  
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视网膜的散射 M|E2&ht  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 \%?8jQ'tX  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 -k[tFBlw  
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脚本 'UXj\vJ3E  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Jn@Mbl  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Wh'_slDH+  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 q~' K9  
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分析 gQpD]p%k  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 e<O;pM:  
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脚本代码 ~ut& U  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. wp]7Lx?F  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY \`Ph=lJO  
Dim op As T_OPERATION j#nO6\&o  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL hA1gkEM2o  
Dim A As Double x+*L5$;h  
Dim pupilDiam As Double "U5Ln2X{J
 
Dim eID As Long 0q>NE
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Dim parID As Long K@j^gF/0B  
Dim count As Integer z^a!C#IX  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double RqN_vk\  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double |!xfIR>=F  
Dim ok As Long H6PXx  
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Sub Main e2-70UvW^  
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    '用户输入对话框 Gkodk[VuLs  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 k}f<'g<H  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 z7t'6Fy9'  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 [nN\{"~O  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 5;K-,"UQ  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 BudWbZ5>Ep  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Ot2zhR )  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ><#2O  
    End Dialog CNpe8M=/3  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog uku}Mr"p  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg)  ENYF0wW  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed "3Xv%U9@  
        Print "Execution cancelled." :uIi ?  
        End 7$1fy0f[l  
    End If bU:}ZO^S  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty *b6I%MZn  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then dxkRk#mf:  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation q2S!m6!  
    Else 6HEqm>Yau  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) u6iU[5  
    End If ?x5wS$^q<  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then zldfRo\wl  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter l}Q"Nb)  
    Else QX/X {h6  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) [w&#+h-q  
    End If cD'HQ3+  
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    Print " " ?u_gXz;A  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" !^
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" tp6csS,  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation tT@w%Sz57N  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness [5?4c'Ev  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens T}L^CU0  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens E-yT  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens E[|s>Xv~  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens YGq=8p7.R  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 99l>CYXd  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction D00G1:Ft(T  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation GI2eJK  
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    '************************************************************************* c;:">NR  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) (O)\#%,@R  
    '************************************************************************* gk
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) v229H<  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity B ~fSMB6h  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &8[ZN$Xe"  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z qP~WEcH`[  
    count = 0 1R0ffP]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w)+wj[6 E  
        GetOperation eID, count, op yfmp$GO:  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 403[oOj  
            DeleteOperation eID,count uh]"(h(>  
            count=count-1  f~w>v  
        End If BdN8 ^W  
        count=count+1 3lo;^KX !  
    Wend yJ!OsD  
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    'Set new shift in :P3{Nxa  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2O eshkE  
    op.val1 = taq WtEI] WO  
    op.parent = parID &&[zT/]P  
    AddOperation eID, op #SKfE  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 !Y (apVQ  
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    '************************************************************************* ^_v[QV  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens q[7CPE0n  
    '************************************************************************* yn SBVb!)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) yL0f1nS  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 5L8&/EN9-  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant k`Nyi)AGe  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant !; IJ   
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    '************************************************************************* 3KSpB;HX  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens R (G2qi  
    '************************************************************************* |,b2b2v?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) z~,mR
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ZWO)tVw9G  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Yu'a<5f  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 4'',6KJ@  
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    '************************************************************************* dL-i)F  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) NUCiY\td  
    '************************************************************************* ._?V%/  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) F|>05>8  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) (89Ji'dc
  
    count = 0 ;f:gX`"\  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `H\)e%]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &iNwvA%9D  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >!L&>OOx  
            DeleteOperation eID,count CK0l9#g  
            count=count-1 Us,)]W.S  
        End If `\bT'~P  
        count=count+1 \q "N/$5{f  
    Wend RT^v:paNT2  
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    'Set new z-shift {T=52h=e  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" OR:[J5M)  
    op.val1 = tlens v?%LQKO  
    op.parent = parID 3GF2eS$$P  
    AddOperation eID, op /`[!_4i  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens _%~$'Hy  
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    '************************************************************************* 03k?:D+5  
    'Lens index of refraction %d1draL  
    '************************************************************************* MPIlSMe  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) i^)WPP>4Aw  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat KB!5u9  
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    mat.Nd = nlens =>|C~@C?  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]5' d&f  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens x&Cp> +i  
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    '************************************************************************* d,0 }VaY=D  
    'Pupil diameter <P_ea/5:|  
    '************************************************************************* x({H{'9?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) WA6!+Gy  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ";x+1R.d  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" JBC$Ku  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ffe1lw%  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l>6@:nq|R  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #Yuvbb[  
    count = 0 D)Q)NI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count H={&3poBz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op "5Uh<X  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^e Gue  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;@3FF  
            count=count-1
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        End If t*G/]  
        count=count+1 80pid[F  
    Wend t<j^q`;@v  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;sPoUn s'  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 -|S]oJy  
    op.parent = parID LD>\#q8a*  
    AddOperation eID, op ;eL9{eF  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ememce,Np  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description b:J(b?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "TcW4U9  
    GetEntity eID, entity ORN6vX(1  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" $((6=39s  
    SetEntity eID, entity Oakb'  
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    Update D${={x  
    Print "DONE!" o|BP$P8V  
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End Sub kS# CEU7  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： laKuOx}  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ~EzaC?fQ  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm FR[ B v  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 h}`!(K^;3  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 |RkcDrB~  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 S~Z|PLtF  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 4mjgt<`  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 /u%h8!"R  
Set pupil diameter = 4 }[+!$#  
DONE! I` K$E/ns  
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