[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 %YhM?jMW  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。
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模型 SZ*Nr=X  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 $vQ#ah/k  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ~dpU DF  
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光源 vp#AD9h1  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 xKZLXQ'e-  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 SMMsXH  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 7v8V0Gp  
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视网膜的散射 *T+Bjj;w  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 S*5hO) C  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 'DDlX3W-  
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脚本 ^ |xSU_wa  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： S1!X;PP/  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 GmONhh(k  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 T&ECGF;Y/  
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分析 ;VLv2J*
 
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 us_o{  

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脚本代码 sM4Qu./  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. FLqF!N\G  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY `Wes!>Vh!  
Dim op As T_OPERATION fpDx)lQ  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL RSK~<Y@]q{  
Dim A As Double nO^m  
Dim pupilDiam As Double A<1:vV  
Dim eID As Long .[@TC@W  
Dim parID As Long 5`!Bj0Uf  
Dim count As Integer udEJo~u  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double d>RoH]K4  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double =J2cX`  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 61XLL/=P  
Dim ok As Long P -O& X  
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Sub Main aB=&XGV9  
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    '用户输入对话框 B8f BX!u/  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 MRI`h.  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 I3ZlKI  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 \$g,Hgp/<  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 !XJvhsKXy  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 9AA_e ~y  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 }o'WR'LX  
    End Dialog _3;vir%)  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog +1te8P*  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) r Ljb'\<*  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed =SY`Xkj[  
        Print "Execution cancelled." "-WEUz  
        End i
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    End If e hgUp =  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty oZ/z{`  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then vmY 88Kx&S  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation LdPA`oI3j  
    Else 68!W~%?pR  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) iE}Lw&x  
    End If .$rt>u,8<  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then |})7\o  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /'ukeK+'  
    Else BJL*Dihm[  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) )J"*[[e  
    End If /Cl=;^)  
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    Print " " &|LP>'H;  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" -!ARVf *  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" uQ_s$@b
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Mqk[+n  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness xc&&UKd  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens bo]= *  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens L+]|-L`S  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 7/UdE:~]*=  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Vi5&%/Y  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 0\X'a}8Bu  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation (UGmbRf&  
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    '************************************************************************* f'-) 3T  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) AgU 7U/yk  
    '************************************************************************* 2\'5LL3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gT=RJB  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity %(v<aEQtt  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) efnj5|JSV  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z NW*qw q  
    count = 0 }8\"oA6  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -y1t;yU.L  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Jemb0Qv  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |-'.\)7:  
            DeleteOperation eID,count mm@)uV<\  
            count=count-1 X"z!52*3]  
        End If ,x.2kb  
        count=count+1 |AS`MsbI9  
    Wend rQ!X  
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    'Set new shift in r!,/~~mT  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~H+W[r}  
    op.val1 = taq 4-dV%DgC  
    op.parent = parID |!=KLJUA  
    AddOperation eID, op SA'c}gP  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 k
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    '************************************************************************* M^$liS.D  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens $kM8E@x2  
    '************************************************************************* Z%uDz3I\Q"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) i H^G
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic O@gHx!L  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant .bT|:Q~@{  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant (fYrb#]!y  
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    '************************************************************************* =rrbS8To=  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens \1p_6U7  
    '************************************************************************* p7YfOUo k  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) npW1Z3n  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic \s[/{3  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost h{sY5d'D  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost b)eKa40Z  
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    '************************************************************************* M
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 9b0M'x'W5  
    '************************************************************************* njk1x  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 4G%!t`?q  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 2`o}neF{  
    count = 0 G|p3NhLgO=  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count gyI(O>e  
        GetOperation eID, count, op W:8*Z8?7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;,8bb(j  
            DeleteOperation eID,count nVTCbV  
            count=count-1 tkG0xRH  
        End If ;gh#8JkI  
        count=count+1 f|*vWHSM  
    Wend Y{ho[%  
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    'Set new z-shift J#0oL_xY#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `FP)-^A8  
    op.val1 = tlens da[u@eNrnX  
    op.parent = parID [\M=w7  
    AddOperation eID, op RsYn6ozb  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens )TceNH  
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    '************************************************************************* JeR8Mb  
    'Lens index of refraction b[^=GF>e  
    '************************************************************************* D<rO:Er?*a  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) UC,43 z  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat -$(,&qyk  
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    mat.Nd = nlens $XqfwlUu/4  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat \(a9rZ9  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens jb' hqz  
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    '************************************************************************* IED7v  
    'Pupil diameter :\@WY  
    '************************************************************************* $X%GzrN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ZhKYoPIq  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) q|,I\H5}  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" X[8m76/V  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens }Po&6^  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "D7*en  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) =5EG}@  
    count = 0 Bv$;yR  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count YMG{xGPtM  
        GetOperation eID, count, op }XCHoB  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then
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            DeleteOperation eID,count w\pD'1e  
            count=count-1 rMqWXGl`(  
        End If `LL#Aia  
        count=count+1
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    Wend "4LYqDe  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" SX|b0S,  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 q('O@-HA  
    op.parent = parID A'qJke=  
    AddOperation eID, op b/oJ[Vf  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam s4lkhoN\t  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Yt2_*K@rC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,U2 /J  
    GetEntity eID, entity -MoI{3a  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" J%EbJ5p<QF  
    SetEntity eID, entity PdJtJqA8h\  
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    Update noa?p&Y1m  
    Print "DONE!" V@<tIui$  
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End Sub 3> -/sii  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Afo(! v  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters yInW?3  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm or\ 2)  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 e2;19bj&  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 / O6n[qj|  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 $@+\_f'bU>  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 md_aD  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 "EF:+gi#"  
Set pupil diameter = 4 `4}zB#3  
DONE! ZU7e1VaZM  
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