[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 @PaOQ@  
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模型 -E$(<Pow~\  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ~$WBcqo  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. l\HLlwYO  
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光源 DL t"cAW  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 <Lt%[dn  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Fx3CY W  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 tbH`VD"u  
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视网膜的散射 PXx:JZsju  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 a7?)x])e  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 S.I3m-  
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脚本 _oILZ,  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： )Z"  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 dPm_jX  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 M SnRx*-  
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分析 }3TTtd7  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 C9FzTg/c  
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脚本代码 blk4@pg  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Sc/\g  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY okkMx"  
Dim op As T_OPERATION #3_t}<fX  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL y!kU0  
Dim A As Double m+a\NXWR?N  
Dim pupilDiam As Double (Ev=kO  
Dim eID As Long J6C/`)+w  
Dim parID As Long _no;B_m~  
Dim count As Integer DTMoZm  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double fN!lXPgM  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double (oxMBd+n1  
Dim ok As Long ;_oJGII?br  
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Sub Main y(fJ{k   
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    '用户输入对话框 +I>V9%%vW_  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 !j8 DCVb  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ^Mmsja5K  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QUO'{;,  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 iU/v;T(  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 &*YFK/]  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 v[+ ]  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 8JFvz(SK>  
    End Dialog Gv+$7{  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog EZee kxs  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) k5@PZFV  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed )#Le"&D  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ]/6i#fTw  
        End R8%%EEB  
    End If "sUjJ|
 
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty n|N?[)^k  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then bn#'o(Lp  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation =3dR-3  
    Else mFgrT  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) @QO^3%b8  
    End If tu:W1?  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then A:4?Jd>  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 0CpE,gg  
    Else k~XDwmt;  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) cfC}"As  
    End If (&!RX.i  
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    Print " " Mc9JFzp  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" <f9a%`d  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" .
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation HJ+Q7)  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ;wa#m1  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 1}Th@Vq
 
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 9U4 D$M  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens {HtW`r1)Tt  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens TXS{=  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Vj[hT~{f  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction bk|?>yd  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation JLak>MS  
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    '************************************************************************* &>xz  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 64qqJmG3  
    '************************************************************************* t"nxny9&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) RpwDOG  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity KU^|T2s%  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j;J`PH  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ~wQ M ?h  
    count = 0 M=54xTh0Y  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count NpH9},1i  
        GetOperation eID, count, op :;jRAjq"  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kjF4c6v  
            DeleteOperation eID,count TF?~vS%@P  
            count=count-1 K SJ Ko  
        End If '?Xf(6o1  
        count=count+1 5fy{!  
    Wend NQcNY=  
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    'Set new shift in c-**~tb(  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" B9wQ;[gQB  
    op.val1 = taq T>|Y_3YO_a  
    op.parent = parID N,
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    AddOperation eID, op x~ID[  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 u s8.nL/  
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    '************************************************************************* 8~sC$sIlE  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 2O
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    '************************************************************************* Rh%A^j@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) .I]EP-  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7- |N&u  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant RG9iTA'  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant sB!6"D5
 
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    '************************************************************************* JkQ\r$Y.  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens G!Yt.M0  
    '************************************************************************* %I;uqf
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) &79F Uac  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic b3ys
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost U ]7;K>.T  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Z&n#*rQ7[  
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    '************************************************************************* NU"L1dK @  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) [OS&eK 8  
    '************************************************************************* t]T't='
  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) rP#&WSLVj  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 8Y_lQfJa  
    count = 0 \wR\i^  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count wScr:o+K>L  
        GetOperation eID, count, op cUO$IR)yL  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3_>=Cv}  
            DeleteOperation eID,count tF\_AvL_8  
            count=count-1 R[rOzoNp0  
        End If gX|\O']6  
        count=count+1 \(}pm#O  
    Wend q3`~uTzk  
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    'Set new z-shift >>cL"m  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1@9M[_<n5  
    op.val1 = tlens 6n;? :./  
    op.parent = parID mC3:P5/c  
    AddOperation eID, op 
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens f ~bgZ  
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    '************************************************************************* ^])s\a$  
    'Lens index of refraction t#%J=zF{  
    '************************************************************************* !}sF#  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) v5&W)F  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat \Y`psSf+  
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    mat.Nd = nlens s#(7D3Pr#  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat N,.awA{  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens IJC]Al,df  
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    '************************************************************************* wr~Qy4 ny  
    'Pupil diameter /B|"<`-H  
    '************************************************************************* Asy2jw\V  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) q\<NW%KtX  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) QU(Lv(/O  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" u68ic1  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens D[6wMep^n  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f0YBy<a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 0#ON}l)>  
    count = 0 #4!f/dWJp  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lTVz'ys  
        GetOperation eID, count, op $e.Bz`  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Vy^mEsQC+h  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %Aa_Bumf*:  
            count=count-1 "ZA`Lp;%w  
        End If j,Qb'|f5  
        count=count+1 1#8~@CQ ::  
    Wend kWs:7jiiu  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" q^7=/d8  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 d*=qqe H  
    op.parent = parID +UX} "m~W  
    AddOperation eID, op ~}SQLYy7Z  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam wUfPnAD.'  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description JvaHH!>d/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) RWoVN$i>  
    GetEntity eID, entity BqdGU-Q  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" QUg<~q)Oq  
    SetEntity eID, entity L
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    Update Y&y<WN}Q  
    Print "DONE!" vV*/"'>  
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End Sub ldc`Y/:{  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： AgB$ w4  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters woN d7`C}7  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 6Q&i=!fQ  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4{b/Nv:b  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 :5jorVu  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 V#c=O}  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 =/4}!B/  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 xsrdHP
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Set pupil diameter = 4 rP/W,! 7:K  
DONE! BZjL\{IW  
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