[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 x-27rGN  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ]nPfIBoS  
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模型
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 7Z%EXDm4/c  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ^4M
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光源 QIl=Ho"c  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 oZ]^zzoEcg  
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视网膜的散射 pW4O[v`  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 (:Y0^  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 r4MPs-}oF  
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脚本 itYTV?bd  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： G^1 5V'*  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 !l9i)6W  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ^7Z#g0{^w  
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分析 }[;{@Zn  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 /Fj*sS8  
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脚本代码 F_I.=zQr  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. #i;y[dQ  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY +b sc3  
Dim op As T_OPERATION E"<-To  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL SD_P=?  
Dim A As Double Q30TR  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Zdfruzl&`  
Dim eID As Long A)9F_;BY  
Dim parID As Long ]mR!-Fqj  
Dim count As Integer 0n/+X[%Ti  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 9Zj9e  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double > I>=/i^  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double %n{ue9  
Dim ok As Long j&-<e7O=  
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Sub Main L3;cAb/  
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    '用户输入对话框 k0bDEz.X  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 s&d!+-\6_  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 dbG902dR  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 'T+v&M  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Lk lD^AJA  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 0'Uo3jAB  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 "'3QKeM1  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 *{!E`),FX  
    End Dialog GZ1c~uAu  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog RI2/hrW  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) X1XmaO%A  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed E#n=aY~u-  
        Print "Execution cancelled." N{&Hq4^c  
        End v*JXrB&x  
    End If yvCX is  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty QB5,Vfoux  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then g3| 62uDF  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation :h8-y&;  
    Else [:MFx6  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ;; ?OS  
    End If EkpM'j
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then r
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 9jI5bi)  
    Else HhB&vi  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) R4%}IT^%P  
    End If D[0g0>K  
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    Print " " =X3Rk)2r  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" UT%?3}*u"  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" T4Io+b8$  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ?wVq5^ e  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness P?|>, \t  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ipD/dx.  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 1StaQUB  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens dmYgv^t
 
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens H`OJN.  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness oAF#bj_f  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Qe;R3D=T;  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation vw*,_f  
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    '************************************************************************* R6`,}<A]@  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) &~"e["gF=  
    '************************************************************************* ,HwOMoP7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) rnP *}  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ' 1D1y'  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r:5u(2  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z H{g&yo  
    count = 0 s >7(S%#N  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count IzlmcP3  
        GetOperation eID, count, op m`xzvg  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then <K
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            DeleteOperation eID,count ^oDSU7j5,  
            count=count-1 v5 I}a7  
        End If 2`pg0ciX (  
        count=count+1 2}6StmE }  
    Wend _
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    'Set new shift in Id=g!L|  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" HME`7dw?  
    op.val1 = taq z+]YB5zK%  
    op.parent = parID B qcFbY  
    AddOperation eID, op bj_oA i  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 cm`x;[e6l  
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    '************************************************************************* ]dL#k>$0q  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]]50c  
    '************************************************************************* kz^?!l)X0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) oT*qMLdn  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic THmmf_w@  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant gUrXaD#  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant x%%OgO+>  
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    '************************************************************************* 5^Ps(8VbS  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens
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    '************************************************************************* Y(C-o[-N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) O_^;wey0}?  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !T~C=,;  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost JQH>{OB  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 1(jDBP!8  
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    '************************************************************************* kGW4kuh)/q  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) T*rx5*:o  
    '************************************************************************* s]2_d|Y  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) =v7%IRP5  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) u9D#5NvGs  
    count = 0 /7uAf{  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count x?RYt4S  
        GetOperation eID, count, op s'=w/os  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ObSRd$M  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 3oMhsQz~z  
            count=count-1 $kd9^lj#[  
        End If |yVveJ  
        count=count+1 {!NXu  
    Wend 8"C[sRhz  
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    'Set new z-shift W
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &z?:s  
    op.val1 = tlens -
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    op.parent = parID ;CLOZ{  
    AddOperation eID, op #GOL%2X  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens evGUl~</~  
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    '************************************************************************* v6KRE3:V  
    'Lens index of refraction agj_l}=gO  
    '************************************************************************* #T$yQ;eQ  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) mH/9J  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 'yNS(Bg=  
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    mat.Nd = nlens =>X"  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat m.w.h^f$&  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Uq^-km#a  
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    '************************************************************************* :4/37R(~l8  
    'Pupil diameter u:M)J
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    '************************************************************************* s_%KWkS  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) =_Ip0FfK!  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) aM|;3j1p  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" oe,yCdPs  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 6D/K=-  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) M6XpauR-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) !dGSZ|YZ  
    count = 0 '?uwUBi  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^!rAT1(/_  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3NSX(gC%  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then dzs(sM=  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {8T/;K@  
            count=count-1 PgdHH:v)  
        End If 1fqJtP6  
        count=count+1 cjwc:3 CM  
    Wend bDjm:G  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Sc9}WU
 
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ZK5 wZU  
    op.parent = parID &NH[b1NMr  
    AddOperation eID, op <g1=jG:7k  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description KZGy&u >`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y+!z]S/x  
    GetEntity eID, entity 8:fq!m  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" c0QKx=  
    SetEntity eID, entity Hv-f :P O  
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    Update $
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    Print "DONE!" T!Nv  
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End Sub (O"-6`w
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： dU&hM<.|  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 7mA:~-.u  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Kp>fOe'KW  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 `y$@zT?j  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 J~|:Q.Rt`  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 _~bG[lX!  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 w5;d/r<q  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 !OV+=Rwdx  
Set pupil diameter = 4 @ RP?)*8}&  
DONE! @1s 2#)l(  
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