[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 }<y7bqA  
d6sye^P  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 g^ i&gNDx  
+V^;.P</  
模型 M_w<m  
t\j*}# S  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 3K/MvNI>  
JO"<{ngsQ  
B[?CbU  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. y[_Q-   
3nnJ8zQ  
光源 SrK<fAkx  
.JiziFJ@mj  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Jl9k``r*  
^J8lBLqe  
n`&U~s8w  
TSWM |#u':  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ;Nj7qt  
/mu*-,aeX  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6ez<g Uf  
<)-Sj,  
:s6o"VkW  
JOLaP@IPT  
视网膜的散射 5K?IDt7A]  
=j*$ |X3W  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 fG(SNNl+D  
]Y8<`;8/  

1.9}_4!  
zEyN)  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 
K_ ~"}  
k
<{{*  
KOuCHqCfq  
xJ)n4)  
脚本 P8)=Kbd  
I4q9|'-yx  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： QR0Q{}wbqU  
)vb*Ef  
.KUv(-  
l +OFw)8od  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 2!J&+r  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 hPePB=  
4X |(5q?  
分析 o-OHjFfB  
wN-d'-z/rd  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 |NC*7/}  
\EtQ5T*u  
QKN+>X  
脚本代码 sCk?  
T iiWp!mX  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 5ZK@`jkE  
AKyUfAj3  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY (HE9V]  
Dim op As T_OPERATION c>RFdc:U  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Zk"eA'"\  
Dim A As Double =~H<Z LE+  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ?ztkE62t  
Dim eID As Long $m
1z-i;/  
Dim parID As Long g8xQ|px  
Dim count As Integer 6ne7]RY  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 9:1Q1,-i!-  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ,N[7/kT|  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 71gT.E  
Dim ok As Long ~SF<,-Kg  
1@R Db)<V  
Sub Main -w_QJ_z_  
ime\f*Fg  
    '用户输入对话框 
oxkoA  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 v+`N*\J_  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 \uC15s<  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ^_u kLzP9  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 2fR02={-  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ;y\IqiA{o  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 sy"^?th}b  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 orfO^;qTY  
    End Dialog K3;nY}\>  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 7/f3Z1g  
M#VE]J  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) @EpIh&  
Q/_f zg  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed @&:ar
 
        Print "Execution cancelled." "C19b:4H  
        End ie\"$i.98H  
    End If V'T ,4  
-Sx\Xi"<o=  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 5Z\#0":e  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then %i-c0|,T4  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation &<J[Q%2  
    Else ~ga`\%J  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Hp|_6hO 2  
    End If  Q&g^c2  
MLWM&cFG
 
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then #=f?0UTA  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter U($dx.`v#  
    Else X+}1  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ;YX4:OBqr  
    End If ); dT_  
%S nd\  
    Print " " mkF"   
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" vIwCJN1C  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" "xHgqgFyO  
&n?^$LTPY  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ;Q[mL(1:  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Z1Z1@2 T
 
@8^
[!F  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 8C~]
yd  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens B'EKM)dA  
C #6dC0  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens \z7SkZt,GT  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;R?I4}O#R8  
0B@Jity#!  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 4^Q:  
fKeT~z{~  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction pg%aI,  
x{c/$+Z[  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation KiOcu=F  
iN0nw
]_*  
    '************************************************************************* ugx%_x6  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) p>;_e(  
    '************************************************************************* $K'|0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Zrr5csE  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity D{4YxR PX  
aj,T)oDbt6  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) e `,ds~  
(t
GY%oT"  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ez!C?  
    count = 0 Bw6
4  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count V6#K2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op hk
;7:G  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then {=-\|(Bx  
            DeleteOperation eID,count mJ`A_0  
            count=count-1 'hv k
  
        End If L^4-5`gj  
        count=count+1  n>`as  
    Wend jSuL5|Gui  
JPWOPB'H  
    'Set new shift in &F5@6nJ`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (S`2[.j
 
    op.val1 = taq O Wj@<N  
    op.parent = parID H0R&2#YD  
    AddOperation eID, op VZ](uFBY  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 0}xFD6{X  
BQ2wnGc  
    '************************************************************************* e^Ky<*Y  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]&{ci  
    '************************************************************************* tP%{P"g
3^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 4bJZmUb  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic v\"S Gc  
G
kxj?)`  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant m7GR[MR  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant JS>Gd/Jd  
+@K09ge  
    '************************************************************************* dG71*)<)t  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens #I3$3^0i#  
    '************************************************************************* [j:[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) m&iH2|  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic aCxE5
$~$  
(%:>T Q(  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost d@G}~&.|  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Z@%HvB7  
|xvy')(b  
    '************************************************************************* W$Yc'E ;  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) PeE/iZ.  
    '************************************************************************* 1G'`2ATF*  
z>06hBv(?Y  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) N#_GJSG_|  
5rV((  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ulJX1I=|p  
    count = 0 \Ro^*4B  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?kz+R'  
        GetOperation eID, count, op yj(vkifEB  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then b4""|P?L  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 1uk0d`JL  
            count=count-1 a`u S[r>  
        End If R1W}dRE}  
        count=count+1 <JwX_\?
ln  
    Wend e~T@~(fft  
q0bHB_|wL  
    'Set new z-shift Y05P'Q  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" o(Cey7  
    op.val1 = tlens A=-F,=k(!/  
    op.parent = parID OcSEo7W  
    AddOperation eID, op 2.X"f  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens N9rBW
 
Lh-`OmO0>F  
    '************************************************************************* %,*G[#*&  
    'Lens index of refraction `j9$T:`  
    '************************************************************************* 5]1h8PW!Y  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) `:G%  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat  l"zUv  
90Hjx>[  
    mat.Nd = nlens $8BE[u|H2  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ,[nm_^R*\  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens STA4 p6  
{+g[l5CR[  
    '************************************************************************* ro[Y-o5Q0  
    'Pupil diameter KZBrE$@%5  
    '************************************************************************* g+C!kaC)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) TjBY 4  
jUqy8q&  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) "XLe3n  
)2E%b+"  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" =N|kn<h4  
l48k<  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 9(!]NNf!  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?oiKVL"7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 2n`Lg4=  
    count = 0 Sb:T*N0gS  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0X(]7b&~R  
        GetOperation eID, count, op bxXiQa  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then XO F1c3'H  
            DeleteOperation eID,count kDz>r#%  
            count=count-1 ]^\8U2q}  
        End If Kt.~aaG_  
        count=count+1 :'r6TVDW  
    Wend y/@iT8$rp  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &VWlt2-R0h  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 3|Y!2b(:?  
    op.parent = parID 7=*VpX1  
    AddOperation eID, op 4rU!4l  
kYxS~Kd<  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam I2HT2c$  
WO,xM
fK  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description y0
2u?wJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]9S`[c$  
    GetEntity eID, entity swpnuuC-  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" >AI<60/<  
    SetEntity eID, entity xnq><4  
]5v:5:H  
    Update 8Xm@r#Oy5  
    Print "DONE!" ev>oC~>s  
     3#<*k>1G?  
End Sub 2go>  
oVB"f  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Eb.;^=x  
z4} %TT@^  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters :nQp.N*p  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ?|t/mo|K?  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 h#3m4<w(9  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 a]VGUW-  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 IvW@o1Q  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 CJqc\I~  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 :LV.G0)#  
Set pupil diameter = 4 T0FZ7  
DONE! ~r`Wr`]_z  
BGjb`U#%3  
FUaNiAr[  
QQ：2987619807 z*.v_Mx