[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 pgz:F#>  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。  DrF  
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模型 '2Q.~6   
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 5`4}A%@&  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. XPHQAo[(s  
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光源 8BYIxHHz  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 8Zcol$XS'  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 c8^+^.=pX  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Zw;$(="  
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视网膜的散射 $Nj'OJSj%  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 j4E H2v  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 mDb-=[W5  
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脚本 6!4';2Q  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： \w{@u)h  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 L@7Qs6G2u  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ]WTf< W<  
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分析 4st~3,lR$  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 RxlszyE  
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脚本代码 ;l$9gD>R  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. VT'0DQ!NIq  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Z+Kv+GmqH  
Dim op As T_OPERATION
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL a`DWpc~  
Dim A As Double P;j&kuW|zL  
Dim pupilDiam As Double u@AI&[Z  
Dim eID As Long N2ni3M5v  
Dim parID As Long -<8B,  
Dim count As Integer 3}08RU7[!  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double /rqqC(1  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3.(.*>  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double E^7C _JP  
Dim ok As Long 7 n\mj\  
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Sub Main :aHcPc:  
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    '用户输入对话框 `GPQ((la  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 UMT\Q6p  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Cy`26[E$S  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 :*#rRQ>t  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 +eU`H[iu  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 +yGY785b  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 kmIoJH5  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 R
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    End Dialog !IN@i:m  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog oBb?"2~9  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) "<qEXX  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed +a #lofhv  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ooY\t +  
        End tzPC/?  
    End If Rl1$?l6Rf  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 4b]_ #7Qm  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then }X.>4\
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation `N$!s7M  
    Else #^Ys{  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) >jv\Qh  
    End If "@4ghot t  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then *_PPrx5  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 3&$Nd  
    Else \9'!"-i  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) -xz|ayn  
    End If un6cD$cHr  
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    Print " " IJ0#iA. T  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" `YU=~xQ  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" wrabyRjK  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation U~wjR"='  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness :\mRtVH  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens  La9r  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens n08; <  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens '#A:.P  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens IfMpY;ow=  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness gJh}CrU-  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction g,=^'D  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation v77fQ0w3  
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    '************************************************************************* N 'i,>  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) '#W_boN  
    '************************************************************************* wdwp9r  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) lufe
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity ;%WdvnW  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1Cv#nhmp  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z IC/Q  
    count = 0 /&(1JqzlB  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &{ZSE^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op pv&^D,H,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &\^rQi/tf  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 3fp> 4;ym'  
            count=count-1 HxIoA  
        End If 3cixQzb}u  
        count=count+1 nvt$F%+  
    Wend Xu#:Fe}:  
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    'Set new shift in @1bH}QS  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8
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    op.val1 = taq JDA]t&D!v  
    op.parent = parID 2m"_
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    AddOperation eID, op W#{la`#Bu  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 4,~tl~FD  
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    '************************************************************************* EnJ!mr  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens CTp!di|  
    '************************************************************************* p411 `]Zf  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) +s~.A_7)  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 3D_"y
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant LuS+_|]x  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant XYAmJ  
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    '************************************************************************* ,Sg33N?  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens X#ZgS!Mn  
    '************************************************************************* 3=- })X;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ARWZ; GX  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 6Dst;:  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost +EkW>$  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost !` 2
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    '************************************************************************* pbLGe'  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) "U8S81'  
    '************************************************************************* ; )llt G  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Uc&iZFid2K  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) &z@~B&O  
    count = 0 iM5vrz`n  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *||
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        GetOperation eID, count, op KOSQQf o  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _|zBUrN  
            DeleteOperation eID,count SaO3zz@L  
            count=count-1 Lgi[u"Du  
        End If CS@&^SEj  
        count=count+1 XUSvhr$|  
    Wend A5nO=  
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    'Set new z-shift Cq\I''~8  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" !p[`IWZ  
    op.val1 = tlens ROdK8*jL  
    op.parent = parID A-uB\ L  
    AddOperation eID, op n7l%gA*  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens v(O=IUa  
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    '************************************************************************* 4["&O=:d  
    'Lens index of refraction Vmi{X b]<  
    '************************************************************************* X?o( b/F-  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) !'0S0a8
 
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Xy7Z38G  
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    mat.Nd = nlens qp~gP  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat k;Fh4Hv  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens X_?97iXjx  
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    '************************************************************************* b,<9  
    'Pupil diameter MGt]'}  
    '************************************************************************* F
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) yL1CZ_  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) -
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" '2nqHX D  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens :&w{\-0{  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) '&yeQ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) =? :@  
    count = 0 ga0'zo9K  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vkcRm`.  
        GetOperation eID, count, op n(vDytrj;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \2kPq>hu  
            DeleteOperation eID,count B'weok  
            count=count-1 !GK$
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        End If r\M9_s8  
        count=count+1 .EP6oKA  
    Wend " I
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" =f7r69I"  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 G|u3UhyB  
    op.parent = parID -1r2K  
    AddOperation eID, op '0t-]NAc  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam x?yD=Mq_  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ^TFs;|..  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) =o=1"o[  
    GetEntity eID, entity HOi C  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" [=%YV# O  
    SetEntity eID, entity
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    Update \nvAa_,  
    Print "DONE!" rOfK~g,X  
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End Sub q6q1\YB  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： f4('gl9  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters wts:65~  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 8v92Ng7  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ~H /2R  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 j 6)Y  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 !~iGu\y  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 >_ \<E!j  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 "$^0%-  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Ug"rJMZG  
DONE! (9RslvKL  
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