[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 H^1gy=kdj  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 u}6v?!  

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模型 OuIv e>8  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 oQ+61!5>  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. YnV/M,U  
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光源 &~5=K  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 >{Rb 3Z]  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 nv5u%B^  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6!EYrX}rI[  
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视网膜的散射 |;;!8VO3J  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 `hB1b["(  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 _py2kjA6  
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脚本 QV,E#(\5  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ^>r^3C)_-  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 #7z|mVzH  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ?9U:g(v  
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分析 S6 }
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 j.c8}r&  
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脚本代码 8@7AE"  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. #w~0uCzQ@  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY :Z2tig nL  
Dim op As T_OPERATION kHU"AD}.  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL M4<+%EV}  
Dim A As Double }bfn_ G  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ch,|1}bi  
Dim eID As Long r<FQX3  
Dim parID As Long F2oJ]th.3  
Dim count As Integer F RH&B5w  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double SgSk!lj  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double $Qq_qTJu?G  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double >rR
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Dim ok As Long r>3^kL5UI  
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Sub Main u:4["ViC  
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    '用户输入对话框 @6%gIsj<H  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 <3#<I)#  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Oc-u=K,B  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Zps&[;R$-  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 y\_wWE  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 i=da,W=0  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ta! V=U  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 |e"/Mf[  
    End Dialog 1jOKcm'#  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ?cBO6^  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) '(9YB9 i  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -h9#G{2W[  
        Print "Execution cancelled." +wts 7,3  
        End e-!?[Ujv*%  
    End If <[8@5?&&  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ]|BojSL_  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then C@)pmSQ  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation |J?:91  
    Else AgI>
 
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) WJcVQMs  
    End If '8Qw:fh  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then }MjQP R  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 1*#bfeoM  
    Else 9mm2Vps;  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) =WjJN Q  
    End If n>T:
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    Print " " GMTor  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" c'~[!,[b<  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >@:667i,`  

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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ?+Hp?i$1  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness @4@PuWI0-  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Y'&8L'2Z[  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens `;}H%  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens a G@nErdW  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens *k!(ti[  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness z[Z2H5[  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 1M=   
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Vbo5`+NAis  
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    '************************************************************************* "]w!`^'_  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) \P5>{2i  
    '************************************************************************* UIz:=DJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) U~CdU  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity {Evcc+Eq  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) J2'W =r_#  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z W?=$V>)  
    count = 0 FQ0KUb}0  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count PaxK^*  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 0K/G&c?;=  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then b h*^
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            DeleteOperation eID,count @~s~/[  
            count=count-1 z'T=]- D  
        End If
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        count=count+1 8H7O/n  
    Wend /MhS=gVxM  
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    'Set new shift in %N>\:85?  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" )tScc*=8  
    op.val1 = taq !e&rVoA  
    op.parent = parID rAM*\=  
    AddOperation eID, op Ny.*G@&  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 & &6*ez  
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    '************************************************************************* WN$R[N  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 6zv;lx0<D&  
    '************************************************************************* 3IGCl w(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) (=`Z0)=  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Z(KmS(  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant VccM=w%*  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 0r0c|*[+4z  
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    '************************************************************************* \Bt=bu>Z  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens <{E;s)hD?  
    '************************************************************************* Q! Kn|mnN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ax4*xxU  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic sfyBw  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost l6V%"Lo/)  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ] xb]8]  
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    '************************************************************************* K*HCFqrU"  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) i
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    '************************************************************************* ax<g0=^R  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) $4DFgvy$  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) "EN98^ Sl  
    count = 0 3b+7^0frY#  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4g>1Gqv6  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &}>|5>cJu  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tB GkRd!  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Yr5iZ~V$  
            count=count-1 SrdE>fNbs  
        End If aZI>x^X  
        count=count+1 Y_$^:LG  
    Wend ^OsA+Ea\  
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    'Set new z-shift 4xv9a;fP  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" EfFj!)fz  
    op.val1 = tlens ]#vWKNv:;  
    op.parent = parID \nC5 ,
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    AddOperation eID, op ^a086n  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens w}IL 8L(D  
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    '************************************************************************* mG>T`c|r3  
    'Lens index of refraction J'|=*#  
    '************************************************************************* _2]e1_=  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) g!p+rq_f  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat c zZrP"  
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    mat.Nd = nlens )WaX2uDA?  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat qRgK_/[]  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens | \AbL!u  
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    '************************************************************************* M7`UoTc+>d  
    'Pupil diameter aw%>YrJ  
    '************************************************************************* .Ql;(Wyl  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 3Qqnw{*  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Sja"(sJ  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ^ze@#Cp  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens db{NKwpj'  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9QX&7cs&[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 6$W-?  
    count = 0 2Som0T<2  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count zb@L)%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op =@bXGMsV!  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then O{;M6U8C\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count JA}S{  
            count=count-1 :GN)7|:  
        End If h-z%C6  
        count=count+1 ^AovkK(p  
    Wend ,$hQ(yF  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" K?z*3^^X;  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 j zxf"X-  
    op.parent = parID 2&^,IIp  
    AddOperation eID, op (Q}PeKM?jq  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam nG&w0de<>  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description `77;MGg*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) S#dyRTmI  
    GetEntity eID, entity !1ie:z>s  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" tEi@p;Z>  
    SetEntity eID, entity !m
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    Update =2ATqb"$w  
    Print "DONE!" NTpz)R  
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End Sub ANA2S*r  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： &%_y6}xIw  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 9*GL@_c  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 9m<X-B&P  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 /ieu)m:2  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 uAPLT~  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 EvGUj$  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 e3HF"v]2!  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 n:}MULy;  
Set pupil diameter = 4 @&am!+z  
DONE! 1s^$oi}  
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