[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ">|L<  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ~O;?;@  
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模型 g[2[ zIB=  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ku v<  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Iq;a!Lya-  
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光源 K<ldl.  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ^oHK.x#{  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 T7G{)wm  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ~xZ)b
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视网膜的散射 `Oi6o[a  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Yi"jj;!^S  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 LTY(6we-  
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脚本 CI?M2\<g  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： !U+XIr  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 UD r@  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 78+PG(Q_M  
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分析 [[:wSAO>6'  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ?Da!QH >,]  
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脚本代码 l7JY`x  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. A[oxG;9xi  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ,NaNih1  
Dim op As T_OPERATION V5LzUg]  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 1~q|
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Dim A As Double *e05{C:kS  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ]^^mJt.Iv  
Dim eID As Long a2un[$Jq`  
Dim parID As Long 1vBXO bk  
Dim count As Integer y|%rW  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double &P{[22dQ  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double MkG*6A  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double P\CT|K'P  
Dim ok As Long O9W|&LAL  
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Sub Main &<sDbNS  
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    '用户输入对话框 sk_Q\0a  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 t|aBe7t7  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 It@.U|  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 e[7n`ka '  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 +H~})PeQ  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 "V;M,/Q|  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 q>*+.~  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 _YW1Mk1  
    End Dialog %A dE5HI-  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog xV4 #_1(  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) /K9Tn  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed <x),HTJ  
        Print "Execution cancelled." +mN]VO*y  
        End 0ZXG{Gp9S  
    End If IOsitMOX:  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty >8nRP%r[5,  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then bi bjFg  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation S]3t{s#JW7  
    Else IgOo2N"^l  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ~%QVjzMC  
    End If I7hE(2!$  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then {`vF4@  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ~ b;%J:  
    Else h$FpH\-  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ~g+?]Lk}  
    End If Dxu2rz!li-  
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    Print " " 9air"4  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" S3u>a\  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" |*Dklo9{  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation #$QC2;/)F  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ?1Lzbou  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens u|.L73<j%  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens %B$~yx3#  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens MS-}IHO  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens vcnUb$%  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness cbD&tsF  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction +^ n\?!  

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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ,mR$YT8  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) V^W
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    '************************************************************************* B(x i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) r<38; a  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity xioL6^(Qk,  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j()<.h;'  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z y,i:BQJ<  
    count = 0 &{?*aK&%3l  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count y{ReQn3>y  
        GetOperation eID, count, op JJ5s |&}  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #wL}4VN  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 2B{~"<  
            count=count-1 h[M~cZ{  
        End If A\9QgM  
        count=count+1 8|uFW7Q  
    Wend 8_6\>hW&  
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    'Set new shift in =^m,|j|d>4  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" c0.
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    op.val1 = taq 01VEz 8[\  
    op.parent = parID fGDR<t3yiQ  
    AddOperation eID, op l(D
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 6vySOVMj  
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    '************************************************************************* 3VZeUOxY\W  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens z;GR(;w/  
    '************************************************************************* ;q&6WO  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) t(YrF,  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic N6Mo|  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 1@*qz\ YY  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant og<mFbqkq7  
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    '************************************************************************* AV\6K;~  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens $Cw> z^}u  
    '************************************************************************* eHUr!zH:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) d?G~k[C!a  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic .}W#YN$  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost #jAlmxN  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost e|)6zh<O:  

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    '************************************************************************* tJ>|t hk  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) :r%Hsur(  
    '************************************************************************* 7p'L(dq  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) [jb3lO$Xa  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) wg<UCmfu!  
    count = 0 'r;C(Gh6  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count OU&esw
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        GetOperation eID, count, op acd8?>%[  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then VhdMKq~`  
            DeleteOperation eID,count >*#clf;@p  
            count=count-1 7?Vo([8  
        End If FV>j !>Y  
        count=count+1 oxkA+}^j8M  
    Wend <i9pJGW  
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    'Set new z-shift <xOv0B  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" "RPX_  
    op.val1 = tlens )c vA}U.z  
    op.parent = parID
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    AddOperation eID, op $FV!HD  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens L'XX++2  
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    '************************************************************************* ,})x1y  
    'Lens index of refraction ^+Ho#]  
    '************************************************************************* 29P vPR6  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) n{oRmw-
 
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat '\yp}r'u  
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    mat.Nd = nlens axT-  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ub^v,S8O  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens TNYd_:j  
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    '************************************************************************* ?U~}uG^  
    'Pupil diameter uMW5F-~-+  
    '************************************************************************* +[l52p@a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) +^!;J/24  

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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6n9;t\'Gt  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" pyPS5vWG  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens OE,uw2uaT  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) V&)lS Qw  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) XAN{uD^3\%  
    count = 0 F$a?} }  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .;6G?8`  
        GetOperation eID, count, op nsChNwPX  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then YXC?q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ni @Mqb  
            count=count-1 Zkn$D:
 
        End If G/tah@N[7  
        count=count+1 4{2)ZI#  
    Wend b}P5*}$:9"  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" <.c@l,[.z  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 9:tvkl  
    op.parent = parID }Ip"j]h  
    AddOperation eID, op I W_:nm6  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam QInow2/u  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description JM8s]&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 79J@`  
    GetEntity eID, entity "z+Z8l1.  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" $#V^CmW.  
    SetEntity eID, entity |JVeW[C  
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    Update RZykwD(  
    Print "DONE!" ?H9F"B$a  
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End Sub ZB-+bY  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： =m@5$  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters \Fhk>  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm "P:kZ=M Q  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 }`/wj  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 )2Gp3oD?  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 *qcL(] Yq  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 U:]b
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 yV
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Set pupil diameter = 4 \F
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DONE! s)]Z*#ZZ  
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