[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 J~rjI24  
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模型 |:d:uj/  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 dZjh@yGP.  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. jT
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光源 }WG -R  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Z~Z+Yt;,9a  

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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 cK+y3`.0  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 9]TvLh3  
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视网膜的散射 SB`"%6  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 N?;5%pG <  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 .Qeml4(`3  
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脚本 )<1}`9G  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 5Pl~du  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 #%i-{t+_>  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 |+MV%QG;  
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分析 +vtI1LC;_  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 s GP}>w-JZ  
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脚本代码 /8` S}g+  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. NK@G0p~O  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY wB;'+d&  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Vhs:X~=qL  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL sm>Hkci%
 
Dim A As Double :K6(`J3Y"^  
Dim pupilDiam As Double "HQH]?!k  
Dim eID As Long +$+'|w  
Dim parID As Long KD~F5aS`[  
Dim count As Integer L.xzI-I@D  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 4%I(Z'*Cx  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Tx7YHE6{  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double  o2ndnIL  
Dim ok As Long !Ax7k
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Sub Main tU%-tlU9?  
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    '用户输入对话框 2Ax HhD.  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 7n~BDqT  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 RkJ\?  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 @:. 6'ji,`  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 uv2!][  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 |j i}LWcD  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 X3:-+]6,d  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 1lNg} !)[K  
    End Dialog s.rS06x  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog R?Q@)POW  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) eD, 7gC-  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ` m`Sl[
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        Print "Execution cancelled." 3 SQ_9{  
        End $s hlNW\  
    End If y)v'0q  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty O329Bkg  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then PL8eM]XS  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation sDCa&"6+@  
    Else y= ILA  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) jK&kQ  
    End If w
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then I,AI$A
 
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter %t\`20-1<  
    Else mV;Egm{A\  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) S{z%Q  
    End If r! 5C3  
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    Print " " ]P ->xJ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 0}Xkj)R,  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" "_C^Bc  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation F5J=+Q%8[&  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 5-w6(uu  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens /wCeeG,<  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens P!m~tu}B  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Gz!72H  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens yaA9*k  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness m7e$Z  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction d?&?$qf[  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation \x x<\8Qr_  
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    '************************************************************************* "F|OJ@M  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) *Yvfp{B  
    '************************************************************************* mb?DnP,z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) :H\6wJ  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity _hMVv&$  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6yTL7@V|B  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z "~7| !9<  
    count = 0 _e8@y{/~Fd  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count : Ot\l  
        GetOperation eID, count, op X&M4c5Li  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then T[<ll
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            DeleteOperation eID,count .^djB x  
            count=count-1 3VA8K@QiRm  
        End If ssi{(}H/Jv  
        count=count+1 ss,t[`AV{  
    Wend 0wZLkU_(  
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    'Set new shift in q&Q* gEFK  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @OFl^
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    op.val1 = taq <W/-[ M  
    op.parent = parID g=b[V   
    AddOperation eID, op @w6^*Z_hQ  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 v2EM| Q xp  
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    '************************************************************************* jfqWcX.X=  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 'iMI&?8u  
    '************************************************************************* 2{XQDOyA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) F.PD5%/$q  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic <pYGcVB9V  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant %r6~5_A  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ):LJ {.0R  
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    '************************************************************************* L\_8}\  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens pR 1v^m|  
    '************************************************************************* vT%rg r  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ~LO MwMHl  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic IOTHk+w  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost yW|yZ(7  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost gl
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    '************************************************************************* YZpF*E;6t  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 3{on$\  
    '************************************************************************* _rs!6tp  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Yq`r>g  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) .yi.GRk  
    count = 0 nsw.\(#  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count a2Q9tt>Q  
        GetOperation eID, count, op i0p"q p  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a_QO)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 'n!;7*  
            count=count-1 L-@j9hU{  
        End If b0LQ$XM>8  
        count=count+1 q*Ns]f'a  
    Wend 7gD$Q
 
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    'Set new z-shift |`qur5h`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" RU_=VB %  
    op.val1 = tlens a4g=cs<9}  
    op.parent = parID ttZ!P:H2  
    AddOperation eID, op SRM[IU  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens C&<f YCwG  
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    '************************************************************************* ]Z<{ ~  
    'Lens index of refraction HOykmx6$  
    '************************************************************************* x*BfRj  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) JWMIZ{/M  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1/a*8vuGh  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Qf>dfJ^q  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ! ~&X1,l1*  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 1mI)xDi9  
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    '************************************************************************* wg!  
    'Pupil diameter NYR^y\u  
    '************************************************************************* ']Y:f)i#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) .o|Gk 5)  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) jn)~@~c  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" xOTm-Cm9L  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 8.Y6r  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [.Kia >  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 2{+\\.4Evk  
    count = 0 .~W7{SY[  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count wQM(Lm#Q  
        GetOperation eID, count, op VEb}KFyP  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %@H;6   
            DeleteOperation eID,count %I6iXq#  
            count=count-1 Q CfA3*  
        End If %0:  (''  
        count=count+1 dVO|q9 /  
    Wend 5'l+'ox@J  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" O;qS
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 oxcAKo  
    op.parent = parID P}?
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    AddOperation eID, op O^U{I?gQ  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Fo;xA  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Fm[,u  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) sFCoRH|"c  
    GetEntity eID, entity s'} oVx]  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" !Otyu6&  
    SetEntity eID, entity $[FO(w@f  
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    Update gR~XkU  
    Print "DONE!" p(U'c}@2
 
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End Sub T:na\y/{j  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 5^f>L2  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ']}ZI 8  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm (hd2&mSy  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ,VJ0J!@  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6AZ/whn#  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 RUO,tB|(_;  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 8b|&  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Y}nE/bmx&9  
Set pupil diameter = 4 `;QpPSw+  
DONE! 8LR_K]\  
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