[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ]
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 U|+`Eth8(  
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模型 7pH[_]1"  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 LKud'  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Ys5Iqj=mp  
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光源 _2})URU<S  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 kgX"I ?>d  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 *u34~v16,  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 y$|OE%S  
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视网膜的散射 rI
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ][T>052v  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ]!N|3"Ls  
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脚本 )9rJ]D^B  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： \z=!It]f.  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 w5Yt mnP  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 i"y @Aj!7  
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分析  !*-|s}e  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ?w"zW6U  
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脚本代码 @w[HXb  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. y)+lU  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY >VvA&p71b  
Dim op As T_OPERATION \w@ "`!%  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL @avG*Mr^  
Dim A As Double IaR D"oCH  
Dim pupilDiam As Double BP0*`TY  
Dim eID As Long ~fF;GtP  
Dim parID As Long _2S( *  
Dim count As Integer ]hi5nA  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double +Rd;>s*.Y  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 4#wZ#}  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double zM|Y X<  
Dim ok As Long ,9~2#[|lq  
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Sub Main Vqxxm&^P  
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    '用户输入对话框 5'[b:YC  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 p6W|4_a?  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 XlU`jv+  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 &X OFc.u  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 /~;om\7r  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 59M\uVWR  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 !"QvV6Lq\  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 tx||<8  
    End Dialog UrEfFtH'  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog y^hCO:`l3  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) '/QS sZR  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed K0]42K  
        Print "Execution cancelled." me&'BQ  
        End C{U"Nsu+1  
    End If J'Y;j^  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty <e@+w6Kp'7  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ^s?=$&8f![  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation .V`N^H:
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    Else XMw*4j2E  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) *32hIiCm  
    End If g.T:72"  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then \*5${[  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter E8]kd  
    Else ;dZuO[4\  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0;2"X
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    End If ![j?/376  
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    Print " " .l$:0a  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" b,uudtlH  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" jPa"|9A  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation _mc-CZ  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness u@pimRVo  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 6w)a.^yx7  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens q1?}G5a?  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 25{-GaB
 
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens G_/DzJBF  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Yh2[ nF_  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation y$[:Kh,  
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    '************************************************************************* =bJ7!&  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) liU8OXBl  
    '************************************************************************* ble[@VW|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #.j}:  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity h yK&)y?~  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1s/548wu  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z h5<eU;Rw+  
    count = 0 RG_.0'5=hc  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xtO#reL"q?  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Fj4>)!^kM  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then qsWy <yL+  
            DeleteOperation eID,count LY;FjbyU  
            count=count-1 ->L>`<7(  
        End If e2qSU[  
        count=count+1 +h08uo5c  
    Wend a'Yi^;2+\  
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    'Set new shift in y#zO1Nig`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7!Qu+R  
    op.val1 = taq i
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    op.parent = parID T/]f5/  
    AddOperation eID, op 5Mz:$5Tm  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Q$(Fma4a  
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    '************************************************************************* _;M3=MTM9  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens %+^Qs\j  
    '************************************************************************* T>68 ,; p  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) l"-Z#[  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic lhC hk7l  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant -}3nIk<N  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant pO92cGJ8  
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    '************************************************************************* l];/,J^  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens dTjDVq&Hz  
    '************************************************************************* +pRNrg?k  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _iL?kf  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic pX+4B=*  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost #%EHcgF  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ,Qs%bq{t  
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    '************************************************************************* T'{9!By,P  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) =f!clhO  
    '************************************************************************* )k;;O7Ck  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) l dqU#{  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 6$[7hlE  
    count = 0 tzthc*-<  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count rr,w/[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op vA}_x7}n(  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~Up{zRD"B  
            DeleteOperation eID,count VD<z]@
  
            count=count-1 T+^c=[W  
        End If bf|ePGW?  
        count=count+1 NBHpM}1xtU  
    Wend v2_` iwE  
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    'Set new z-shift ^=5x1<a9$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" T7%!JBg
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    op.val1 = tlens LT"H-fTgs  
    op.parent = parID ^GyZycch  
    AddOperation eID, op $xWUzg1<U  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens z_N"
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    '************************************************************************* Z"RgqNf  
    'Lens index of refraction fjOq@thD  
    '************************************************************************* =J4|"z:  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) le]~Cy0  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat SiUu**zC  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 1)MDnODJ  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ZP5 !O[Ut  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens uZZRFioX|  
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    '************************************************************************* =MMd&  
    'Pupil diameter g4eW<  
    '************************************************************************* x-e6[_F  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) vaGF(hfTA  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) U3N9O.VC  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" c(e>Rmh  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 50j8+xJPV  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "X8jpg  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) {eV8h}KIl  
    count = 0 s<)lC;#e  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q+y\pdhdO  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 9&5<ZC-D  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then f+Sb>$  
            DeleteOperation eID,count }&t>j[  
            count=count-1 UhpJGO  
        End If ?UZt30|1  
        count=count+1
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    Wend !~Uj 'w  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" BUJ\[/  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 8v4 o+wP  
    op.parent = parID b.@a,:"  
    AddOperation eID, op :t]HY2  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 8&)v%TX  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description N);w~)MYh  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $Sgf jm  
    GetEntity eID, entity o^\Pt<~W  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 6
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    SetEntity eID, entity /,I c
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    Update K"H\gmV_g  
    Print "DONE!" 6t6Z&0$h~  
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End Sub *[3xc*5F/A  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： }OL"38P  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters xi=ApwNj  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm kg[%Q]]  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 `za,sRFR  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 CwA_jOp  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 2gPqB*H  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 [|DKBJ  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 $(aq;DR  
Set pupil diameter = 4 //U1mDFT  
DONE! aa`(2%(:  
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