[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ;Gf,$dbWn  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 _?Q0yVH;,  
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模型 VnqgN  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 aYc*v5QN3  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. X.^S@3[  
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光源 j?a^fcXB  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 V}c3}'_U]  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 5cY([4,  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 )bCw~'h*  
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视网膜的散射 ,+LX.f&/8!  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 AunX[X9  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 A5U//y![{  
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脚本 =8`!Ph@(  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： T'W)RYnwl  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 3W&f^*  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 $q}zW%  
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分析 H>
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Tf0"9  
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脚本代码 Vp"=8p#k  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ,q[aV 6kO  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY _f^JXd,7v  
Dim op As T_OPERATION f}1B-  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL nYA@t=t0  
Dim A As Double 6A$ Y]u  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ?o0ro?9j  
Dim eID As Long $9~6M*  
Dim parID As Long ;_bZH%o.  
Dim count As Integer H]zi>;D  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double )\xDo<@  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double (L{>la!  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double yUUg8xbpxF  
Dim ok As Long bQTkW<7gh  
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Sub Main Ll2yJ .C4  
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    '用户输入对话框 CO%o.j=1  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 qwf97pg$  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ON.1'Wk?  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ca@?-)  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 7dg2-4  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 te<lCD6  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 h vC gd^M  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 {Yt@H

 
    End Dialog 6jDHA3  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ?.*^#>
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) w!G
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed @2X{e7+D  
        Print "Execution cancelled." [5"F=tT7WP  
        End b$*1!a  
    End If qD]&&"B  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty w$`[C+L  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then CyHaFUbZ  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 6=aXz2.f  
    Else b235Zm  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) %U<1
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    End If /Wx({N'
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then o@5zf{-  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 1:.I0x!  
    Else m-wK8]t9  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) u`ezQvrcy  
    End If _ Vo35kA  
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    Print " " $XZC8L#  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" -zSkon2Y^  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" uOv0ut\\G  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation h!zev~u1)`  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness %fF0<c^-U  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens R?Dc*,  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 'v~%rhq3  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens #X`qkW.T<  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 141G~@-  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness BYKONZu  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction .@kjC4m  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation tDj/!L`  
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    '************************************************************************* Vx#n0z  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) VUQx"R9-  
    '************************************************************************* X$0&tmum  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 4?c4GT9(6S  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ; `Vbl_"L  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _@/nc:)H  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z A?;KfVq  
    count = 0 6|@\\\l  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B*AF8wX|  
        GetOperation eID, count, op +#LD@)G  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then MRb6O
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            DeleteOperation eID,count C?h}n4\B^?  
            count=count-1 huT
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        End If hVl^vw7o  
        count=count+1 IPDQ  
    Wend $%"?0S  
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    'Set new shift in 6%\&m|S  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" VQ(l=k:}2  
    op.val1 = taq 1R"?X'w  
    op.parent = parID  C4.g}q  
    AddOperation eID, op 6xT"j)h  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 nN*:"F/^  
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    '************************************************************************* 4.&hV?Kxz  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens k%TjRf{p  
    '************************************************************************* 8Ben}j)H  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) d>-k-X-[  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic U:+wt}-T"  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant |<Rf^"T  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 3j}@}2D  
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    '************************************************************************* `F,*NESv  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens S @tpd'  
    '************************************************************************* wxW\L!@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) }\oy%]_mY  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %]\IC(q  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost }Q#3\z
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost qf?X:9Wt  
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    '************************************************************************* ?_BK(kL_  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Jd-u?  
    '*************************************************************************  X0&[cyP!  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )  WgayH  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) :J~sz)n4  
    count = 0 >[&Z
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `44 }kkBT  
        GetOperation eID, count, op o^*k   
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W"&Y7("y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [~UCYYl  
            count=count-1 :+Okv$v4  
        End If $*N)\>~X  
        count=count+1 Pp~:e}  
    Wend 4O1[D?)`x  
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    'Set new z-shift am(jmf::  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /AhN$)(
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    op.val1 = tlens l 4e`-7  
    op.parent = parID TD6MP9L  
    AddOperation eID, op {6Qd,CX
 
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens JV_V2L1Ut  
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    '************************************************************************* 0fP-[7P  
    'Lens index of refraction L.R4 iN  
    '************************************************************************* ZT1IN6;8W  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) LqcHsUFj  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Xn3 \a81  
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    mat.Nd = nlens iW$f1=i  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ZgH(,g,TU  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Hy| X>Z  
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    '************************************************************************* SQ0t28N3h  
    'Pupil diameter pj/w9j G6  
    '************************************************************************* i?D KKjN$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) a
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6>R|B?I%  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" o{I]c#W  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens `S+B-I0  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) lVR a{._m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) gK+/wTQ%  
    count = 0 o'auCa,N  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Yj/[I\I"m  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 29
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;fl3'.S[  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Ks_B%d  
            count=count-1 ux=0N]lc  
        End If T2p;#)dP  
        count=count+1 _DAj$$ Ru4  
    Wend }<KQ+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8 bpYop7 L  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 A[6D40o  
    op.parent = parID hH])0C  
    AddOperation eID, op lOJ3_8  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam [44C`x[8M+  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Pt^SlX^MM
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) RI</T3%~  
    GetEntity eID, entity (//f"c]/  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" \;F_QV  
    SetEntity eID, entity /lqVMlz\77  
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    Update @M_p3[c\  
    Print "DONE!" DSX.84  
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End Sub .|Y&,?k|Y  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： yG..B  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters TOC2[mc'  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 'vc>uY  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 W<s
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 (m%
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 I2G:jMPy  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 zvAUF8'_  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 KYN{Dh]-}  
Set pupil diameter = 4 RP|/rd]-k  
DONE! -H
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