[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 [&zP$i&  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 wZOO#&X#r  
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模型 RL&*.r&  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 @lj
 
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. V*)6!N[5  
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光源 xw=B4u'z  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。

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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 )*_YeT&w.  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 l'o}4am  
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视网膜的散射 SS`\,%aog  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 2.NzB7c*CM  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 "Srp/g]a  
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脚本 WK=!<FsC$  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： =_UPZ]  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 /qp`xJ  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 gVD!.  
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分析 !BY=HFT  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 T[7DJNdG6  
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脚本代码 L3W ^ip4  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. QK@z##U  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY J L Z  
Dim op As T_OPERATION .O,gl$y}  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL W35nnBU  
Dim A As Double w"sRK  
Dim pupilDiam As Double wj?fr?  
Dim eID As Long i'57|;?  
Dim parID As Long @-7K~in?^  
Dim count As Integer ~k J#IA  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double : i(h[0  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double FIS-xpv$  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 5I<?HsK@  
Dim ok As Long ogPfz/ hw  
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Sub Main Im Tq`  
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    '用户输入对话框 5
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 i|=XW6J%  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ZWr\v!4  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 eHjR/MMr_  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ?&1?uc  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 m2V4nxw]Qp  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 F6 UOo.L)I  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ;j(xrPNb  
    End Dialog S=my;M-  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog zxj!ihs<  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 5i#B?+Y  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed %bv<OMD  
        Print "Execution cancelled." sX=!o})0  
        End #AY+[+  
    End If @!F9}n AP  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty GRs;-Jt  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then d }]b  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation hQkmB|];5  
    Else ZHB'^#b  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) %+'&
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    End If rKjQEO$yi  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then CZ0 {*K:  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter <fyv^e  
    Else =N3~2=g~A  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) `&+L/  
    End If co*5NM^  
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    Print " " GnLh qm"\  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 7/~"\nN:/  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" .a^/r'?  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation L,:U _\HQ  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness *}0Q S@FN  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens |, :(3Ml  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens w68qyG|wM  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens +6>Pp[%  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens BpKP]V  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness !YoKKG~_0  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction  d,H%  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation %?cPqRHJ ~  
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    '************************************************************************* F )tNA?p)  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) |g9^]bT  
    '************************************************************************* (z.Vwl5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .)o5o7H  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Eod2vr=Q  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) X31kHK5F_  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z y}3V3uqK  
    count = 0 EXzY4D ^  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Zdak))7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op {!="PnB  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &wjOb  
            DeleteOperation eID,count \jfW$TtZm  
            count=count-1 6?Wsg`9  
        End If G cbal:q  
        count=count+1 $~2Ao[  
    Wend Nn^el'S'  
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    'Set new shift in
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" jVA xa|S  
    op.val1 = taq j@:LMR>  
    op.parent = parID b_LzG_n!  
    AddOperation eID, op \K4
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 qlzL<  
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    '************************************************************************* G%P]qi  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens CUtk4;^y#  
    '************************************************************************* HgMDw/D(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 4Pt0^;H&jn  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic bv] ZUF0  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant q}8R>`Z{  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant U-Iwda8v  
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    '************************************************************************* \ pq]q  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens }skXh_Vu4  
    '************************************************************************* WT0U)x( m5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Z<wg`  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 'J\%JAR@  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 4ASc`w*0  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost _7;#0B  
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    '************************************************************************* ~vt8|OOo0  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) rN*4Y  
    '************************************************************************* Z2ZS5a  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 4v{gc/g  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) y
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    count = 0 ._nhW*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 1\3n   
        GetOperation eID, count, op QM$?}>:  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .z9JoQ  
            DeleteOperation eID,count  g6~uf4;  
            count=count-1 :8rqTBa`  
        End If R` N-^x  
        count=count+1 s5[ Cr"q7B  
    Wend } o=g)  
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    'Set new z-shift ,,6e }o6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" )cvC9gt  
    op.val1 = tlens VMNih
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    op.parent = parID 7N:,F9V<  
    AddOperation eID, op Z)ObFJMG5  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens wvgX5P>  
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    '************************************************************************* LsLsSV  
    'Lens index of refraction P!-9cd1C,  
    '************************************************************************* HID;~Ne  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) -dza_{&+iZ  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat }6o` in>M  
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    mat.Nd = nlens {? 6]_J  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens zIlQqyOQ8  
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    '************************************************************************* 6.k2,C4dT<  
    'Pupil diameter /|>z7#?m^  
    '************************************************************************* 1|Fukx<@J<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 1c\$ziB  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 0uj3kr?cv  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" K)&AR*Tc  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens `"  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) =i `o+H  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) uv Z!3UH.  
    count = 0 j{nL33T%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }PoB`H'K5  
        GetOperation eID, count, op -`A6K!W&~p  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Of-l<Ks\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count &'
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            count=count-1 1YQ|KJ*K  
        End If @C?RbTHy  
        count=count+1 x|1OGbBK  
    Wend MvQ0"-ZQ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" g_-Y-.M  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 IY+P Yad  
    op.parent = parID qL]!/}  
    AddOperation eID, op A5z5e# ,u  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam C?X^h{Tp  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description +1_NB;,e  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) <&Y7Q[  
    GetEntity eID, entity eR=P  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" iz&)FuOr  
    SetEntity eID, entity V)C4 sG  
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    Update Koo%mr   
    Print "DONE!" L`tr7EEr  
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End Sub IrM Ws86;  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 6gNsh  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 5hg:@i',  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 8-+Ce;h  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 0M>+.}e+  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 x}{/) ?vC  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ~4<xTP\*  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 P|l62!m<  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 1=}+NK!  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Mnc9l ^  
DONE! 4v_<<l  
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