[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 [(@K;6o  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 sN
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模型 VkFh(Br<{  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 g8N"-j&@  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. u9"yU:1keb  
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光源 %PYO9:n  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ^$:w  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ri{*\LV*@  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 :')[pO_FW*  
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视网膜的散射 f\hMTebma$  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Z6zV 9hn  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 0#8  
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脚本 _iJ~O1qx,w  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： (zo7h  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 vUpAW[[  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 m8fj\,X  
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分析 2$Mnwxfk  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ({!!b"B2  
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脚本代码 1tNL)x"w  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. "0CFvN'4  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY tY"eoPme  
Dim op As T_OPERATION StI N+S@Z  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL MLWHO$C~T  
Dim A As Double |Vpp'ipr  
Dim pupilDiam As Double IA`voO$  
Dim eID As Long wm`<+K  
Dim parID As Long Nj>6TD81u  
Dim count As Integer 0zr27ko  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double { ptdOrN  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double w<9rTHG8,  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double EwPrh  
Dim ok As Long *kLFs|U  
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Sub Main fUjo',<s  
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    '用户输入对话框 arL>{mj  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 =?OU^u`C  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 y74Q(  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 bB_LL  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Pm/<^z%  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 _KH91$iW8m  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 vywB{%p  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Wu][A\3D1  
    End Dialog :'p)xw4K|  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog M/<ypJ  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) uuY^Q;^I*  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed W;OGdAa_  
        Print "Execution cancelled." b9j}QK  
        End layxtECP(  
    End If xvTtA61Vp  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty egq,)6>  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then vvxxwZa=O  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation t=P+m  
    Else O\=Z;}<N  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 2b$>1O&2  
    End If Orq/38:4G  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then WzzA:X  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter wo`.sB&T  
    Else [K4cxqlfk  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) x/s:/YN'  
    End If }3*<sxw7<  
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    Print " " }WsPuo  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Dmh$@Uu#F  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" E'WXi!>7p  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation gNZwD6GMe?  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness kZ% AGc  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 5=TgOS]R  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens MRpMmu  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Al yJ!f"Y  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens d8wGXNd7B  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness /4r2B.91O  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction `:C1Wo^<  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation &y_t,8>5  
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    '************************************************************************* MD[hqshoh  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) =Z+^n ?"  
    '************************************************************************* 2? E;(]dQ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) I=L["]  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ]xvA2!)Q  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) w[z=x  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z .<t{saToU  
    count = 0 q[Ai^79  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count iF`_
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        GetOperation eID, count, op \6 \bD<  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 29:2Xu i  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ["nWIs[h  
            count=count-1 f,O10`4s  
        End If Xq1#rK(  
        count=count+1 O<vBuD2  
    Wend 0L>3i8'  
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    'Set new shift in _h1bVd-  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `v?hL
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    op.val1 = taq 8ve-g\C8 H  
    op.parent = parID $PM
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    AddOperation eID, op 'wPX.h?  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 s$(%]~P  
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    '************************************************************************* gxhp7c182  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens qBk[Afjgz  
    '************************************************************************* pqg2#@F.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) cEHpa%_5  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic GIlaJ!/  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Z*Ffdh>*:&  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant w(HVC  
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    '************************************************************************* Yh]a4l0  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens g;Fdm5Q  
    '************************************************************************* `pbCPa{Y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) U,b80%k:  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic m&AbH&;  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost .x$V~t  
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    '************************************************************************* Q8HNST($?  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 9ZOQNN<ex  
    '************************************************************************* B)/&xQu  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gB#!g@  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Fz8& Jn!  
    count = 0 jGLmgJG-P  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ->|eMV'd  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 8k{XUn  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Q-, 4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count '5$: #|-  
            count=count-1 q|YnNk>1  
        End If !o'a]8  
        count=count+1 '!X`X=  
    Wend 1q'_J?Xmd  
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    'Set new z-shift 2s2KI=6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" r(]Gd`]  
    op.val1 = tlens V13^SVM  
    op.parent = parID qUe2(/TQu  
    AddOperation eID, op H|s Iw:  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens "QfF]/:  
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    '************************************************************************* z@[n?t!7k  
    'Lens index of refraction /L,iF?7  
    '************************************************************************* ]mBlXE:Z  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 2wU,k(F_  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat @
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    mat.Nd = nlens 6wiuNGZb  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat I2{zy|&  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens eJOo~HIWQ  
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    '************************************************************************* OwC{ Ad{  
    'Pupil diameter #SLiv  
    '************************************************************************* ;XY#Jl>tg  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) oz'jt} ?  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) MMRO@MdfV  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ohXbA9&(x  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens eF8um$t9  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .R+n}>+K  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) bxz6 >>  
    count = 0 K<ldl.  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %'F[(VB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op z<"\I60Fe  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then x@@k_'~t%  
            DeleteOperation eID,count YWhS<}^  
            count=count-1 mpCKF=KL.  
        End If P>6wr\9i[  
        count=count+1 Q!Dr3x  
    Wend AK;G_L  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" tIX|oWC$q  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 #5kg3OO  
    op.parent = parID 5geZ6]|  
    AddOperation eID, op j|% C?N  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam `4]-B@ 7_  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description f#vVk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1K$8F ~%Z  
    GetEntity eID, entity 9/GC8*+  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" [\i1I`7pE  
    SetEntity eID, entity "6'
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    Update o@\q6xl.  
    Print "DONE!" |w^nCsv  
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End Sub $VE=sS.  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： T;I>5aQ:q4  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ab5z&7Re6  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm XAr YmO  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 G0h7MO%x  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 t5za$kW'&  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Hb *&&  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 t?kb
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 3m`y?Dd  
Set pupil diameter = 4 A=k{Rl{LA  
DONE! ?G!DYUK  
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