[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 z>4D~HX  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 \,>_c  
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模型 p/r~n'g$  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 `5~7IPl3  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. n vm^k  
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光源 +0VG[c\8  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Tdg6kkJ  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ]Z_$'?f  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 /:U1!9.y  
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视网膜的散射 l1&5uwuF  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 NdZ)[f:2  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 B$ui:R/ t  
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脚本 $57\u/(  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 0{Bf9cH  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ,(P %z.P@  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 "=qv#mZ#9  
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分析 q-YL]PgV  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 >5.zk1&H  
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脚本代码 ! tGiTzzp  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. yxvjg\!&  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ilv_D~|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 'j}g  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL G]-%AO{K  
Dim A As Double MI\]IQU  
Dim pupilDiam As Double `gI~|A4  
Dim eID As Long 9\AS@SH{^T  
Dim parID As Long (xL :;  
Dim count As Integer iT.|vr1HG  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double \n_3Bwd~  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double jB!W2~Z  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double EL7T'zJ$  
Dim ok As Long x6ahZ  
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Sub Main 3p_b8K_bG  
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    '用户输入对话框 yX'IZk#_L  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Z(HZB
  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 q!&B6]  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 V9T 4+  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Fj^AWv^/  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 gLD{1-v  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Ff<)4`J  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 "y$ qrN-  
    End Dialog MqdB\OW&  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog xl8#=qmCD  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 1"O&40l  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Xhse~=qA  
        Print "Execution cancelled." >jMH#TZaX  
        End ]RD5Ex!K?  
    End If (@q3^)I4  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 4.Z(:g  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ~KRnr0  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation #ZlM?Q
  
    Else :tLbFW[  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) X`1p'JD  
    End If o,FUfO}F  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then M"(6&M=?  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter o?wt$j-  
    Else B\[-fq  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 5 `=KyHi:b  
    End If EkZjO Ci  
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    Print " " 3ji:O T  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" x: ~d@  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" H&bh<KPMh  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation h0Jl_f#Y  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness a#y{pT2 b  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens X NE+(Bt  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens E>}q2  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 1lcnRHO  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens kA^A mfba  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ug#<LO-.Rd  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction cPuHLwwYf  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation yM ,VrUh  
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    '************************************************************************* FT.@1/)  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Pp*}R2  
    '************************************************************************* M#a&\cqC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) yX!#a>d"H  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ezZph"&  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rk,p!}FqL  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z O2v.  
    count = 0 h|p[OecG  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count FkB{ SCJ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op GwQn;gkF  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then GMm'of#  
            DeleteOperation eID,count dJl^ADX[@  
            count=count-1 gs`> C(  
        End If *]x_,:R6Ow  
        count=count+1 }q'WC4.  
    Wend f&yQhe6q  
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    'Set new shift in ?/d!R]3  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" D1Yh,P<CF\  
    op.val1 = taq N E= w6  
    op.parent = parID 'msmX
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    AddOperation eID, op lLCdmxbT  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 `o si"o9  
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    '************************************************************************* ~E*d G  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens &p"(-  
    '************************************************************************* I7m
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) xo WT*f  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (F8AL6  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant NHkL24ve  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant XnXb&@Y  
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    '************************************************************************* Y8ehmz|g]J  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens p4>,Fwy2  
    '************************************************************************* 
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) AyTx'u  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (~()RkT  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost \FifzKA  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Jps .;yjk  
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    '************************************************************************* :'*DMW~  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Np)aS[9W  
    '************************************************************************* Coa-8j*R7  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) l`gTU?<xd  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ;[6&0!N\  
    count = 0 vv/J 5#^,\  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^l!L)iw  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \0AiCMX[  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then P(h5=0`*PR  
            DeleteOperation eID,count G|9B)`S  
            count=count-1 a$}mWPp+f  
        End If _P5P(^/
 
        count=count+1 2k1aX~?  
    Wend FA$zZs10\  
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    'Set new z-shift tWD|qg_  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" g%\L&}Jd  
    op.val1 = tlens #Lka+l;L7  
    op.parent = parID yFM>T\@  
    AddOperation eID, op km\%BD~  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens G6O/(8  
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    '************************************************************************* [Ox(.  
    'Lens index of refraction K.DXJ UR  
    '************************************************************************* 77We;a  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) -M61Mw1  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat s AE9<(g&@  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 3] 76fF\^[  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat H(qm>h$bU  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens <qY5SV,  
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    '************************************************************************* 6Rz[?-mkLO  
    'Pupil diameter e4.&aIC[  
    '************************************************************************* ;$!I&<)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) JTUN
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) QIAR  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;KcFy@ 6q5  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens rn" pKUd  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) o'Y#H r)/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) v0 ];W|  
    count = 0 a[C&e,)}  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count J{~Rxa  
        GetOperation eID, count, op r_2btpL^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -g~~]K%  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6P+DnS[]  
            count=count-1 `&g:d E(j  
        End If A3s57.Z]|  
        count=count+1 l)8s
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    Wend gaeOgP.0  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" -e*BqH2t  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Yx1 D)  
    op.parent = parID g42T#p8^  
    AddOperation eID, op _4R,Ej}  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ~3=2=Uf  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description yXF|Sqv  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) p\S8oHWe  
    GetEntity eID, entity 0Hcbkep9D  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" <]Y[XI(kr  
    SetEntity eID, entity KXe ka  
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    Update k18$JyaG  
    Print "DONE!" 'F5)ACA%  
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End Sub Jz$>k$!UD  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Ae3,^  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ]u=Ca#!
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm dS$ji#+d$  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ./.=Rw  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 3;y_mg  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 g1qi\axm  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Dh`=ydI5  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 xF8 :^'  
Set pupil diameter = 4 *V|zx#RN  
DONE! BXA]9eK  
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