[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 AgBXB%).  
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模型 `<"@&N^d  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 +n)_\@aQ  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. js$L<^7  
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光源 '&;s32']}  

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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。  UZV\]Y  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 )Z"  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 C3]"y7  

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视网膜的散射 v|7=IJ  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 5fT"`FL?  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 8k0f&Cak=  
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脚本 0DB8[#i%:  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Bs!F |x(  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 8{f~tPY  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 11g_!X -g@  
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分析 h6(\ tRd!\  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 99YgQ Y]HO  
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脚本代码 $[xS>iuD  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Aw)I:d7F  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY O,[9E  
Dim op As T_OPERATION y7ZYo7avg  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL @r*
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Dim A As Double `bJ?8~ 8*  
Dim pupilDiam As Double TZ
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Dim eID As Long lvd`_+P$  
Dim parID As Long 5I6u 2k3  
Dim count As Integer !zZ3F|+HB  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double )#Le"&D  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ]/6i#fTw  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double R8%%EEB  
Dim ok As Long "sUjJ|
 
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Sub Main xa[)fk$6  
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    '用户输入对话框 p&$O}AX|  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 fWz=bJ"V  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 0Lx,qZ'  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 R^?9V=Y<T  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Ju@8_ ?8=  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 gjL+8Rk  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 WS6;ad;|  
    End Dialog Xx+eGV";`  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog :LxsiDrF[  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) \&MJ(F>vJ  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed X-y3CO:&@h  
        Print "Execution cancelled." X#<+D
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        End ufn
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    End If t\XA JU  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ZKTY1JW_  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then FI"KJk'  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation *_sSM+S  
    Else z)ndj 1,#)  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) tNG[|Bi#  
    End If jRN>^Ur;g  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then bk|?>yd  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ~5>k_\G8  
    Else ix
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) A=+1PgL66  
    End If )W/
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    Print " " *|as-!${k  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" "BZL*hHq  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" sLd%m+*p  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation B8~bx%)3T  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 6F_:,b^  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 'Ll'8 ps  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens .aQ8I1~  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens c"diNbm[  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens v,!`A!{D  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +y^'\KN  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction uN=f(-"  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation c-**~tb(  
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    '************************************************************************* T>|Y_3YO_a  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) |j4p  
    '************************************************************************* K!
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) tB`IBuy9!"  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity oDWNOw  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0j2mTF(C  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z q2U?EP{8~  
    count = 0 LRR)T: e}q  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count A{Qo}F<*  
        GetOperation eID, count, op <tW/9}@p9  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ; o(:}d  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Ya}}a  
            count=count-1 ]*D~>q"#\  
        End If 4|UtE<<b  
        count=count+1 }:S}jo7  
    Wend +LlAGg]Z  
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    'Set new shift in s@p:XO  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6]mAtA`Y  
    op.val1 = taq w~3z);  
    op.parent = parID U#%+FLX@w  
    AddOperation eID, op H`,t"I  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 f?TS#jG4}  
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    '*************************************************************************  `)>}b 3  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens n(.L=VuXn  
    '************************************************************************* %pLqX61t=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) _p?s[r*  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic B%5"B} nG  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant B>[myx  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant $wbIe
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    '************************************************************************* iu$Y0.H@  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Lj/  
    '************************************************************************* ZH`(n5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) `/9I` <y  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >>cL"m  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost DPCQqV|7  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ZiRCiQ/?  
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    '************************************************************************* |pBvy1e4)  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) +|H,N7a<  
    '************************************************************************* _UY=y^ c0>  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) J ~KygQ3%  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) )P,pW?h$  
    count = 0 ce*?crOV  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $LG.rJ/*  
        GetOperation eID, count, op t>x!CNb'C  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then IJC]Al,df  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 8"A0@fNz  
            count=count-1 DR]4Tcz#  
        End If aimf,(+  
        count=count+1 " t?44[  
    Wend ?A04qk  
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    'Set new z-shift m-#]v}0A  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" orbz`IQc  
    op.val1 = tlens u68ic1  
    op.parent = parID  t^}"8  
    AddOperation eID, op D[6wMep^n  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens f0YBy<a  
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    '************************************************************************* #4!f/dWJp  
    'Lens index of refraction lTVz'ys  
    '************************************************************************* mo,"3YW  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) na 0Zb  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat w2jB6NQX  
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    mat.Nd = nlens P@x@5
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat P.(z)
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens KuEM~Q=  
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    '************************************************************************* 9$}>O]  
    'Pupil diameter b@sq}8YD|z  
    '************************************************************************* +UX} "m~W  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ~}SQLYy7Z  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) qk>M~,  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ]\]mwvLT  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens lQ"t#b+  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Z-M4J;J@}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) j 20mZ  
    count = 0 *Wcq'S  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [4@@b"H  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 07:h4beT  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then B B^81{A  
            DeleteOperation eID,count W)Y:2P<.  
            count=count-1 )bpdj,  
        End If J7~Kjl  
        count=count+1 KXUJ*l-5  
    Wend sDu&9+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" |uX&T`7?-  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 pW>.3pj  
    op.parent = parID ;!OME*?m<  
    AddOperation eID, op I*mBU^<9V  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam +eop4
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description <l>L8{-3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?ZkVk=t?  
    GetEntity eID, entity V;P*/ke  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" KqNsCT+j  
    SetEntity eID, entity gEq6[G  
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    Update . ywVGBvJ  
    Print "DONE!" e'=#G$S?g  
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End Sub 1-R4A7+3  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ZJ[p7XP  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Ppx4#j  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm s5X51#J#~  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 lg 1r]  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 nQn=zbZ3  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 SV^[)p)  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 9Dyy&$s  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 {P%\& \{F  
Set pupil diameter = 4 5o0H7k]  
DONE!
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