[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 q)F@f /  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Pf?zszvs  
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模型 \*r]v;NcP  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 QP={b
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. bi<?m^j  
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光源 H]a@"gO  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 `ZLA=oD  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 iL\eMa  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 YgCSzW&(  
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视网膜的散射 4.o[
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ge@KopZ&  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 n>##,o|Vr#  
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脚本 k\wcj^"cb  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： tiHP?N
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 jn/ J-X=  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 +i1\],
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分析 1}>uY  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 p#6V|5~8  
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脚本代码 :Tu%0="ye  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. -|\SNbPTV  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY U2@Mxw  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 4Bc<  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL u{>_Pb  
Dim A As Double $
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Dim pupilDiam As Double @*{sj`AS '  
Dim eID As Long zbM*/:Y  
Dim parID As Long H6Qb]H.C  
Dim count As Integer ;;cPt44s
 
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double hD I}V1)  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double KWzJ  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double fj,]dQT  
Dim ok As Long Y\pRk6,  
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Sub Main ;s(ua
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    '用户输入对话框 tUR9ti  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 n;+e(ob;;  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 sH}q
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 y5AJ1A6?E  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 E 02l=M  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ,O[Maj/ch  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 V`;$Ua;y  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 +&:?*(?Q  
    End Dialog us,1:@a)a  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog P O{1u%P  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) IC:wof
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed !"e~HZmr  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Q#$#VT!F  
        End tEE1
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    End If  :Ky *AI  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Y3J;Kk#AH  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then V7qc9Gd@I  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation NX5A{  
    Else aTx*6;-PH  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) qauZ-Qoc9  
    End If +#|):aF  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then AvNU\$B4aG  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ZJ7<!?6  
    Else %}*0l8y  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) G L> u3K  
    End If xWa96U[  
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    Print " " l`}Ag8Q  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" cIIt ;q[  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" k;?Oi?]  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 0B;cQSH!q  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness H"g$qSx  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens jW G=k#WN  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens sMikTwR/^  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens {MaFv  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ZPISclSA+  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness |4F3Gu  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ,VM)ZK=Tr  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation HcrI3v|6  
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    '************************************************************************* t`XYY  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) f#W5Nu'*!  
    '************************************************************************* ~ }<!ON;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) TyCMZsvM,  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity +foyPj!%  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  ThLnp@  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 7D;g\{>M  
    count = 0 >9S@:?^&q>  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^:0epj7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op UBUZ}ZIbN  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (v\Cv)OS  
            DeleteOperation eID,count B>11  
            count=count-1 RtR5ij1  
        End If r`THOj\cM  
        count=count+1 Y68T&swD  
    Wend r="wd  
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    'Set new shift in WaVP+Ap  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" }/%(7Ff{  
    op.val1 = taq }wJDHgt]-p  
    op.parent = parID <V3N!H_d  
    AddOperation eID, op H n
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ;(kU:b|j  
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    '************************************************************************* *Q<%(JJ  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 39W6"^q"o  
    '************************************************************************* %EZG2JjO)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) !zw)! rV=  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 8%UI<I,  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 1|L3} 2  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ?Afx{
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    '************************************************************************* O MEPF2:  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens XeaO,P  
    '************************************************************************* aqjS5!qh  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) }NMkL l]J  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic V01-n{~G  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost k-LB %\p  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost s^nwF>  
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    '************************************************************************* b@OL!?JP  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) }ST9&wi~  
    '************************************************************************* (9N75uCa  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) "RG
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) GdqT4a\
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    count = 0 [TPr  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Wmp,,H  
        GetOperation eID, count, op silTL_$  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then P
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            DeleteOperation eID,count Q?GmSeUi  
            count=count-1 9w -t9X>X  
        End If (;o,t?:d  
        count=count+1  0u4:=Z}W  
    Wend =kq!e  
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    'Set new z-shift Q"UQv<  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" a G^k
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    op.val1 = tlens M"OXNPkc  
    op.parent = parID m8F-#?~  
    AddOperation eID, op $=
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens =N,Mmz%  
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    '************************************************************************* iK{q_f\"  
    'Lens index of refraction u%?u`n2'  
    '************************************************************************* -}|GkTM  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) o~!4&  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat bsVms,&  
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    mat.Nd = nlens '8>h4s4  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Ti`<,TA54  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens
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    '************************************************************************* Y W_E,A>h  
    'Pupil diameter "6rZn_H/|  
    '************************************************************************* X&DuX %x0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) n m(yFX?=  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Gxfw!aF~  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" i.2O~30ST  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens t$=FcKUV}f  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) pHFlO!#]|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Pi::cf>3  
    count = 0 &3v{~Xg)  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count on(P  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 7t`<`BY^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then k9UmTvX  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 2#&9qGR  
            count=count-1 D4'"GaCv  
        End If (WiA  
        count=count+1 "{;]T  
    Wend x^_Wfkch]  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Mh'QD)28c  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 r:K)Q@  
    op.parent = parID b6_*ljM  
    AddOperation eID, op C3-l(N1O{  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam =N01!?{  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ^ cN-   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8 W8ahG}  
    GetEntity eID, entity gVCkj!{  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" _
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    SetEntity eID, entity Pgf$GXE  
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    Update M]!\X6<_  
    Print "DONE!" ;&e5.K+.Z  
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End Sub Mo &I
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： F0:Fv;  

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Accommodation = 4 Diopters &q1(v3cOO  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 5R4h9D5  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 oju/%ieh  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 <oV _EZ  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 U6FM`w<  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 `d6 {Tli  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 z_!P0`  
Set pupil diameter = 4 (Z.K3  
DONE! "m})~va  
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