[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 li$(oA2  
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模型 W5HC7o\4  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 GwxfnCKi9  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. pN1W|Wv2  
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光源 {[NBTT9&  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 : v<|y F  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 cQA;Y!Q#  
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视网膜的散射 <x53b/ft  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 !%_}Rv!JT  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 TMT65X!  
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脚本 .Q>
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： VK[^v;  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 OT+=H)/  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 O>IY<]x>L  
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分析 C-V,3}=*2  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 )CD4k:bm  
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脚本代码 x&@. [FJhO  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 64fa0j~<*M  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY b8r?Dd"T8  
Dim op As T_OPERATION |D~mLs;&  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL bC{}&a  
Dim A As Double Ej~vp2  
Dim pupilDiam As Double jAie[5  
Dim eID As Long =\"88e;b2  
Dim parID As Long 3"NO"+Q  
Dim count As Integer {E@Fk,  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ~:'tp28?  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ;wK;  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double a\pOgIp  
Dim ok As Long <2"'R(4",  
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Sub Main ?x1sm"]p'  
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    '用户输入对话框 (~q.YJ'  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 LmWZ43Z"@  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 8Wqh 8$  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 O]3$$uI=QE  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 d,8L-pT$FM  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ZP~Mgz{f  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 #s>AiD  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 e=Ko4Ao2y  
    End Dialog JZI)jIh  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog kw{dvE\K  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 6 <XQ'tM]N  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed )O\w'|$G  
        Print "Execution cancelled." MdXOH$ps  
        End VRU"2mQ.P6  
    End If 17P5Dr&  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty )Q= EmZbJz  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then h K;9XJAf  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation (+uM |a  
    Else 0Xo>f"2<f  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) QTr)r;Tro  
    End If k
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then E+z),"QA  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter S!WG|75B  
    Else vz6No%8X  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) y_mTO4\C2  
    End If
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    Print " " dynkb901s  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" pPL)!=o!  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm"
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation f/xQy}4+~E  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness gGZ-B<  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens mrmm@?  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens B(|*
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens K*R  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 90wGS_P04  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness r=6N ZoZ  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction izDfp
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation qu\cU(H|  
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    '************************************************************************* e5AZU7%.  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) G&Fe2&5!w  
    '************************************************************************* e"#QUc(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) p=!12t  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity #| pn,/  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) <-6f}wN  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z zMke}2  
    count = 0 %1mIngW
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [][ze2+b  
        GetOperation eID, count, op z:^(#G{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then uG7?:) pxv  
            DeleteOperation eID,count C/?x`2'  
            count=count-1 qnb#~=x^  
        End If Rp+Lu  
        count=count+1 &=*sN`  
    Wend u>ZH-nw O  
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    'Set new shift in ' !2NSv  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" redMlHM  
    op.val1 = taq WA6re
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    op.parent = parID `h%K8];<6f  
    AddOperation eID, op d>gQgQ;g  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 CJjT-(a  
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    '************************************************************************* HTLS$o;Q  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens >*MGF=.QG  
    '************************************************************************* ."Kp6s`k  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) DHg)]FQ/  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;V?3Hwl  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant wP7 E8'  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant aX,6y1  
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    '************************************************************************* 6d`qgEM3  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens wRdN(`;v  
    '************************************************************************* j[,XJ,5=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) [K
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic eZ]>;5  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost T[evh]koB  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost !K-qoBqKM  
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    '************************************************************************* :N!s@6  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ZkWMo=vL  
    '************************************************************************* p//mVH%  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 27i-B\r  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 4k9$' k  
    count = 0 HVdB*QEH  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4B9D  
        GetOperation eID, count, op PMi.)%++  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 7~r_nP_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count HzL~B#  
            count=count-1 u+y3
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        End If s",
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        count=count+1 nq,:UYNJ  
    Wend Q;ZV`D/FA  
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    'Set new z-shift f9OY>|a9  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" m70AWG  
    op.val1 = tlens Z`f?7/"B  
    op.parent = parID
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    AddOperation eID, op ex#-,;T  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens [wk1p-hf  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Lens index of refraction M+M ;@3  
    '************************************************************************* 62kA(F0e,  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) <I*N=;7  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat f*:N*cC  
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    mat.Nd = nlens /3.;sS]B  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat GPizR|}h  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens L8f_^ *,  
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    '************************************************************************* 03AQB;.  
    'Pupil diameter VeqB/QX  
    '************************************************************************* mq}UUk@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) r"7PSJ  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) G0kF[8Am  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;pS+S0U   
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens m;nH v  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t\]kVo)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) W4qnXD1n  
    count = 0 "$b{EYq6  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count I?nU+t;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op EuA352x  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 'K}2m  
            DeleteOperation eID,count _dECAk &b  
            count=count-1
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        End If <(~Wg{  
        count=count+1 +K8T%GAr  
    Wend V3T.EW  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" SmRFxqtN  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 t|9vb  
    op.parent = parID \acGSW .c  
    AddOperation eID, op ks69Z|D  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam S;/pm$?/  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description OlptO60{ ]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) qG2P?DR  
    GetEntity eID, entity 9xK#(M  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 6(7dr?^eGT  
    SetEntity eID, entity [z*1#lj S  
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    Update +;*4.}  
    Print "DONE!" Z^
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End Sub  ;5  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 5Q:49S47  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters >I0 a$w  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm *5\'$;Rg  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Qs?p)3qp  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ({$rb-  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 56u_viZ=8  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 +.rE|)BPy  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 (dy:d^  
Set pupil diameter = 4 0bD\`Jiv,  
DONE! bYX.4(R  
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