[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 %a'Nf/9=:  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ~!t#M2Sk  
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模型 BXzn-S  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 2aDjt{7P  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. MAv-`8@|  
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光源 b6]MJ0do  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 >'/KOK"  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 2#i*'.  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 O ,9,=2j  
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视网膜的散射 S;I>W&U  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 $2
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 \]Nt-3|`0  
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脚本 U+4W9zhwo  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： _rN1(=J  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ]lgI Q;r  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 !vY5X2?tr,  
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分析 |<aF)S4  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 bCSgdK  
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脚本代码 Y+ Qm.  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. P.t0o~hoK;  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY
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Dim op As T_OPERATION QqdVN3#1z  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL I;5:jT`  
Dim A As Double 9x]yu6  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Ij_h #f   
Dim eID As Long hLo>jE  
Dim parID As Long v-MrurQ4  
Dim count As Integer U 6`E\?d`  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double P-LdzVt(^  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double gwQk M4  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double p+y2w{{  
Dim ok As Long h+ggrwg'  
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Sub Main 8j^3_lD  
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    '用户输入对话框 lDf:~  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 -udKGrT+  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ln&9WF\I  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 0XLoGQ=  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 )2
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 {{+woL'C  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 T/YvCbo  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 .8~zgpK  
    End Dialog G@+AB*Eu  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog k4!z;Yq  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) c%O8h  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed h
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        Print "Execution cancelled."  1cvH  
        End Xt%>
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    End If slRD /  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 8^
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Ip&Q'"HYj  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation jC3)^E@:"  
    Else kM o7mkV  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) r_EuLFMA  
    End If TQiDbgFo  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then !3JYG  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter TxDzG
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    Else zZ})$Ny(  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ^Ss4<  
    End If #->#mshd4  
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    Print " " E2xcd#ZD  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" =0gfGwD{  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm"  `GQ'yv  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Kulh:d:w  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness =j$!N# L  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Lr;PESV  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens tw?\bB  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens e/n
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens VsTa!V^~  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness w=K!U]  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction g#buy  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation /N?vVp  
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    '************************************************************************* @c{rqa v  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) wNt-mgir-Q  
    '************************************************************************* yccF#zU  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) DTi\ 4&41  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Dw-i!dq  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ++ZtL\h{7  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z )VoQ/ch<  
    count = 0 Pcox~U/j  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `kERM-@A  
        GetOperation eID, count, op bo%v(  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ( /):  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~3F\7%Iqc  
            count=count-1 M(+;AS?;  
        End If IQ3]fLb  
        count=count+1 
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    Wend ))z1T8  
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    'Set new shift in j^&{5s  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" |Vq&IfP  
    op.val1 = taq h~zG*B5F  
    op.parent = parID |'bRVqJ  
    AddOperation eID, op f}_d`?K  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ; Da[jFP  
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    '************************************************************************* i9FtS7  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens b}OOG  
    '************************************************************************* C1YG=!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Nr(3!-
  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [q5N 4&q\  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 1G6MO  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant pPX~pPIj2  
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    '************************************************************************* ^twJNm{99  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens z%
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    '************************************************************************* _=\=oC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) `T \"B%  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic G',*"mZQ[  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost l*+5WrOS  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost *~0Ko{Avc  
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    '************************************************************************* %
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) .}V&*-e
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    '************************************************************************* =:;KYuTr  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 5v uB87`  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) lv*fK  
    count = 0 3nJd0E  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xa?#wY b  
        GetOperation eID, count, op  ps*dO  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then s.)nS$  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [v!TQwMU  
            count=count-1 sMikTwR/^  
        End If >(t_  
        count=count+1 {MaFv  
    Wend ZPISclSA+  
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    'Set new z-shift |4F3Gu  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" >,JA=s  
    op.val1 = tlens ,VM)ZK=Tr  
    op.parent = parID Du3nK"-g  
    AddOperation eID, op :Gdfpz-{?  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens $YyN-C  
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    '************************************************************************* nnZ|oEF  
    'Lens index of refraction
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    '************************************************************************* ^.d97rSm  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 7fOk]Yl[  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat P K]$D[a0  
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    mat.Nd = nlens <Y
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat G\?q{  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens bLfbzkNV\1  
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    '************************************************************************* KvM}g2"  
    'Pupil diameter $:YJ<HvG<  
    '************************************************************************* B`/cKfg  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) +P&;cCV`S3  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) j|u6TG  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" gGiLw5o,  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 0wzq{~\{=_  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) +;
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) QX*HvT  
    count = 0 8G>;X;W  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %mhnd):  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ' Vp6=,P  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then l"\W]'T:r  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?5%|YsJP_  
            count=count-1 zk[%YG&  
        End If Daa2.*  
        count=count+1 .Jt&6N  
    Wend SOyE$GoOsx  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3zO'=gwJ  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 *CA7 {2CX  
    op.parent = parID );^] is~  
    AddOperation eID, op dnby&-+T  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam M~/%V NX  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description {-sy,EYcw  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %}U-g"I  
    GetEntity eID, entity x+}6qfc$9k  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" n=vW oU9  
    SetEntity eID, entity yTDlDOmV!
 
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    Update G_wzUk=L  
    Print "DONE!" C^@~  
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End Sub x,\PV>  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： y[*Bw)F\N  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters %bnDxCj"  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm nj*B-M\p  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 eCYgi7?  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 #'Q_eBX  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 +"!,rZ7,A  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 t@Qs&DZ7k  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 _MZqH8  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Pr
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DONE! N#')Qz:P  
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