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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 ePdzQsnVe  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 .<hv &t  
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    模型 <h0ptCB  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ypVr"fWB  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    ]B[Qdn  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. FA,CBn5%  
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    光源 L}nc'smvM  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 b2H6}s"=w  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 y0^FTSQ|  
    I}x*AM 7+  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6 h):o  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ]T`qPIf;yJ  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 (reD  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ~ME=!;<_  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 m? hX=  
    7 5u*ZMK  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 &gfQZxT  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: gS ]'^Sr  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 {iv=KF_S_  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 B#}RMFIj  
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    分析 '7^_$M3$\  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 CpXv?uU   
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 *`W82V  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. f$L5=V  
    lbY>R@5  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY |(N4x(xl  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION _)Ms9RN  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Z3d&I]Tf  
    Dim A As Double {*m?t 7  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Q=[&~^ Y)  
    Dim eID As Long mAMKCxz,  
    Dim parID As Long lF<(yF5  
    Dim count As Integer q$K~BgFzpZ  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double q0}LfXql8  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 0=04:.%D  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double bCsQWsj^NW  
    Dim ok As Long c-,/qn/  
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    Sub Main Nuj%8om6  
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        '用户输入对话框 lk}x;4]Z  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @ 9uwcM1F  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 2yNlQP8%  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 lL?;?V~  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 t|/ /oEY  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 &lD4-_2J  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 O/-xkzR*  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 B:l(`G  
        End Dialog 4-o$OI>  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Sb<=ROCg@  
    opBv x>S  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) "371`!%  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed y ^YrGz.  
            Print "Execution cancelled." e2;"> tp6?  
            End g+f{I'j  
        End If jE{z4en  
    A;kB"Tx  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty (Az^st/_  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then IJ!UKa*o%  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation a*=e 3nS  
        Else 9 i"3R0HN  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Yy&0b(m U  
        End If `jJb) z3D  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then dM QnN[d6  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter cu Nwv(P  
        Else ,[A} 86  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) iVFn t!  
        End If sh0O~%]g  
    %j=7e@   
        Print " " +q3W t|  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" {MIs%w.G  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" NY_Oo!)3  
    S"lcePN  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation cewQQ&  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ':HV9]k  
    }JI5,d  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens HG Pbx$!  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ,7eN m>$  
    >~6 ;9{@  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 1[!Idl?m  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens bO-8<IjC_3  
    BKN]DxJ6  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness pPh$Jvo]  
    &4 ]%&mX)-  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction B64%| S  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ;]p#PNQ0  
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        '************************************************************************* 0O[q6!&]  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) n] &fod  
        '************************************************************************* ] $5rh8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) z2-=fIr.h  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ?L|@{RS{|  
    *@n%K,$v  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !I:6L7HdwB  
    !]W6i]p  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z xe}"0'g  
        count = 0 w^dB1Y7c(W  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count U,)+wZJ  
            GetOperation eID, count, op dlyE2MiL:  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ff|?<\x0}A  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ~aBALD0D;  
                count=count-1 sjztT<{Q^-  
            End If o6'`W2P  
            count=count+1 &bTadd%0  
        Wend ZQ@^(64  
    F+9|D  
        'Set new shift in $lUZm\R|k  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,VbP$1t  
        op.val1 = taq Pf]L`haGN  
        op.parent = parID ?9/%K45  
        AddOperation eID, op @aI`ru+a  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 C}wmoYikV  
    1Hzj-u&N/  
        '************************************************************************* }&ZO q'B  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens .{~ygHQ`f  
        '************************************************************************* CI ~+(+q  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 6D) vY  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :*Sl\:_X)  
    2g|+*.*`  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant }[? X%=  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant . [*6W.X  
    "c=\?   
        '************************************************************************* pM.>u/=X  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ,f4Hl%T;  
        '************************************************************************* ?2QssfB  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) gy,B+~p  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Z-Zox-I1}-  
    9^>nZ6  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost "rBo?%:  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost -k")#1  
    XP~4jOL]  
        '************************************************************************* n`;=^^B  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface)   /zM  
        '************************************************************************* UjUDP>iz.>  
    Tj@s\@hv  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) { +MqXeq  
    ;}WdxWw4  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 2Q0fgH2  
        count = 0 |-=^5q5  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count !/sXG\  
            GetOperation eID, count, op :p5V5iG  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^0c:ro  
                DeleteOperation eID,count JM@MNS_||(  
                count=count-1 @'jC>BS8`  
            End If ?kISAA4x  
            count=count+1 gVEW*8  
        Wend [$ vAjP  
    `pOiv&>  
        'Set new z-shift  ze{  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ="JLUq*]s  
        op.val1 = tlens CZuV{Oh}?  
        op.parent = parID X70G@-w  
        AddOperation eID, op d>VerZZU  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *C}vy`X  
    R6ca;  
        '************************************************************************* cEhwv0f!qS  
        'Lens index of refraction ?1JS*LQ$  
        '************************************************************************* ,=.&  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) VMe~aUd  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat &Vd,{JU  
    i9 8T+{4  
        mat.Nd = nlens 2 <y!3OeN  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ZEiW\ V  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens @Q 8E)k@  
    vdyLwBz:  
        '************************************************************************* Gn>#Mvq  
        'Pupil diameter g!,>.  
        '************************************************************************* y_;LTCj?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) MDM/~Qpj_  
    I&,gCZ#  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) )`, Bt  
    %ZDo;l+<F6  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 7`9J.L&,;  
    R/VrBiw  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens TO ^}z  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) pdUrVmW"'  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 7Y"CeU-S  
        count = 0 URz$hcI8  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4 Z.G  
            GetOperation eID, count, op eZ'J,;  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -]C3_ve  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ]2`PS<a2  
                count=count-1 tsaf|xe  
            End If 0p YO-@E  
            count=count+1 :OT~xU==H  
        Wend 6nRXRO  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" .KSPr  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Oc8]A=M12  
        op.parent = parID |]kcgLqj  
        AddOperation eID, op v1*Lf/  
    G}<%%U D  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam I<PKwT/?  
    V<A_c^unO  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description !#wd~: H  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #+I)<a7\  
        GetEntity eID, entity ^@5#jS2  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 5Arx"=c  
        SetEntity eID, entity vN'Y);$  
    c'ExZ)RJ  
        Update )GhMM  
        Print "DONE!" |E/U(VS3l~  
         t6V@00M@  
    End Sub sq1Z;l31"  
    _?$P?  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: 1n|)05p  
    [ }-CXB  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters P4@<`Eb  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm &.~Xl:lq  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 O%?noW  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 $Pv;>fHu  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 =iF}41a  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 CvDy;'{y1  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 EA_6L\+8&  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 'Pyeb`AXE9  
    DONE! z'FD{xdf  
    ,QU2xw D[  
     lt%bGjk  
    QQ:2987619807 l;_zXN   
     
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