[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 bH,Jddc  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 m:"2I&0)WM  
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模型 !p9B
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 bUqO.FZ[  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. `rs1!ZJ,  
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光源 B1p9pr  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 C8{CKrVE  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 w
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视网膜的散射 _c #P  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 o<!#1#n+:  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 @yek6E&9  
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脚本 SD697L9  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： L' )(Zn1  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ph|3M<q6
 
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 0 Q1}u@G  
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分析 Q.8Jgel1  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 OrRve$U*|  
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脚本代码 p~e6ah?1  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ?pVODnP k  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY _mO\Nw0  
Dim op As T_OPERATION #G\)ZheG  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL gReaFnm  
Dim A As Double iE&`Fhf?  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Bzg
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Dim eID As Long 8p!PR^OM@  
Dim parID As Long 8m6L\Z&  
Dim count As Integer h.8J6;36  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 9PGSr4V1  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double #ob">R  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double
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Dim ok As Long ~o8$/%Oeb/  
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Sub Main [` i;gx[^  
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    '用户输入对话框 eH6#'M4+\  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 c8u&ev.U  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 +XIN
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 b.t]p  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 zz$*upxK  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 V1Fdt+#  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Q"(i  
    End Dialog !u=[/>  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog [NuayO
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) GCIm_ n  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed {j(,Q qB;f  
        Print "Execution cancelled." "%sW/ph  
        End $w65/  
    End If x JepDCUJ>  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty mH8"k+k  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then {0[qERj"z  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 7.]xcJmt>'  
    Else xo]|m\#k5E  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) W"~G]a+  
    End If }F\0Bl&  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then gsZCWT
 
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 'g$|:bw/  
    Else '\\J95*`  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) _p90Zm-3X  
    End If ,qC_[PUT  
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    Print " " Dn9Ta}miTO  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 3s
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" oS]XE!
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation iJ#sg+  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness +nZx{d,wt  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens CjD2FnjT  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 9GCxF`OB  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens /#.6IV(  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens kELV]iWb  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ]ul]L R%.  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction &a7KdGP8V  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 3"cAwU9
 
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    '************************************************************************* U@i+XZc"S  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) rq+E"Uj?  
    '************************************************************************* gzi~BJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) <w8*Ly:L  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity r"k\G\,%  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mKn:EqA  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z -3F|)qwK  
    count = 0 X 5pp8~  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Q]66v$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op )ASI41  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then c:4i&|n  
            DeleteOperation eID,count IhY[c/|i  
            count=count-1 U^:+J-z{  
        End If @G^ l`%  
        count=count+1 7H9&\ur9+  
    Wend qVE6ROSh  
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    'Set new shift in jDOB(fE  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" wwk=*X-8  
    op.val1 = taq [gx6e 44  
    op.parent = parID R$_#7>3  
    AddOperation eID, op 9qIjs$g  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 &n91f  
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    '************************************************************************* ~X)Aw3}F  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 'z>|N{-xG  
    '************************************************************************* e@w-4G(;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) !S$LRm\'  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Jvgx+{Xu  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 7CW
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <$qe2FtUq  
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    '************************************************************************* H0LEK(K  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ,l1A]Wx  
    '************************************************************************* }f?$QSF  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) sZx
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic h3[^uYe  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost X
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost N7=lSBm  
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    '*************************************************************************  _xjw:  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) (_Ph{IN  
    '************************************************************************* A]c'`Nf  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) YHSdaocp  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Utd`T+AF*  
    count = 0 ~ HN  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $F2A  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 4L)#ku$jW  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;&RBg+Pr  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Ymt.>8L  
            count=count-1 }M7{~ov#s  
        End If 3)cH\gsg9  
        count=count+1 (JenTL`%u  
    Wend @ LPs.e  
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    'Set new z-shift "{>BP$Jz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" a=@]Ov/  
    op.val1 = tlens  -]n\|U<  
    op.parent = parID )09>#!*  
    AddOperation eID, op uW;[FTcqy$  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens %'+}-w  
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    '************************************************************************* :O)\+s-  
    'Lens index of refraction O2N7qV3U,  
    '************************************************************************* weX%S&#?  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) {+Zj}3o  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat
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    mat.Nd = nlens <<WqL?8W  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat =2XAQiUR\  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens )@(IhU)
  
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    '************************************************************************* }jdMo83  
    'Pupil diameter W?TvdeBx  
    '************************************************************************* 1#tFO  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 88uoA6Y8h  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) kLE("I:7  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" pf% yEz  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens FHbyL\Q  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2^w8J w9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `_"loPu  
    count = 0 xyzYY}PS  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count V*6
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        GetOperation eID, count, op {e!3|&AX  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then yOTC>?p%  
            DeleteOperation eID,count L$t.$[~L  
            count=count-1 )Szn,  
        End If S\M
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        count=count+1 TTagZ
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    Wend K0A[xkX6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `;Od0u
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 zFi)R }Ot  
    op.parent = parID (&i c3/-  
    AddOperation eID, op X<sM4dwxE  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 6w`.'5  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ]y9u5H^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `T,^os#6  
    GetEntity eID, entity W"!{f  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" JA09 o(  
    SetEntity eID, entity &|fPskpy  
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    Update bn:74,GeyK  
    Print "DONE!" <5!)
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End Sub L[voouaqm  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ujWC!*W(Q  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters S&F[\4w5]  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Y41b8.|P+  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ]T=o>%  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 .I Io   
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 V'FKgzd  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 #AH gY.  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 f5z*AeI  
Set pupil diameter = 4 U!jRF  
DONE! Mw`S.M. B  
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