[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 X!^|Tass  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 )%MC*Z:^  
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模型 ow{.iv\,u  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ocJG4#  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. z]+L=+,,  
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光源 uW[[8+t|  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 HNv~ZAzBG-  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 CssE8p>"F  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。
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视网膜的散射 v#/Gxk9eX  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 _7<{+Zzm  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 UWvVYdy7  
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脚本 pLtw|S'4  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ji1vLu4|t  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 4A!]kj5T  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 3wq<@dRv4  
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分析 lnyf
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 K8_v5  
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脚本代码 JN|6+.GG  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. =,#--1R7g  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY lbBWOx/|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION c_D(%Vf5  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL *c94'Tcl  
Dim A As Double Wjw,LwB  
Dim pupilDiam As Double _y^r==  
Dim eID As Long TB!I  
Dim parID As Long 7t:RQ`$:  
Dim count As Integer EyE#x_A  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Z)#UCoK!c  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double *{
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double L>h8>JvQ  
Dim ok As Long LZRg%3.E
 
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Sub Main F^75y?  
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    '用户输入对话框 'j6O2=1  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 00QJ596  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 P9 <U+\z  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 k||t<&`Ze  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 +nDy b  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 vt|R)[,  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 >CqzC8JF  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 USz~l7Xs  
    End Dialog ,RV qYh(-|  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog }aVZ\PDg  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 5QMra5Nk  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 'rcqy1-&  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Fz%;_%j  
        End X g6ezl
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    End If y>P+"Z.K%}  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 50^ux:Uv+N  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then *j%x  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation >X*tMhcb  
    Else >.iF,[.[F<  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 6Yj{% G  
    End If ?nd: :O  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then l#'V SFm&  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter M3pE$KT0x  
    Else o}OY,P  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0ns\:2)cEB  
    End If Y^eN}@]?&  
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    Print " " FlBhCZ|
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" [0 F~e  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" =&WIa#!=  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation #).$o~1ht!  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness {>f"&I<xw  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens D0D=;k   
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens G,u=ngZ]  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens p)y5[HX  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens u,sR2&Fe  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 7n8nJTU{4j  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction /Z:
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation `H+"7SO  
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    '************************************************************************* A~?M`L>B  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) i\i%WiRl  
    '************************************************************************* (Xd8'-G$m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0a~t  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 2}hJe+#v  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mq`/nAmt  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z y>I2}P  
    count = 0 x/*lNG/  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )l3Uf&v^f  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ;J%:DD  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3:)z+#Uk6  
            DeleteOperation eID,count )GD7rsC`<  
            count=count-1 HBlk~eZ  
        End If hFrMOc&  
        count=count+1 LP2~UVq  
    Wend #
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    'Set new shift in $%bSRvA  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" XkaREE  
    op.val1 = taq 66yw[,Y  
    op.parent = parID ]}2)U  
    AddOperation eID, op =RoG?gd{R  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 3BFOZV+  
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    '************************************************************************* TZn 15-O  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens %w;qu1j  
    '************************************************************************* slQn  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) CMt<oT6.?  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic @\K[WqF$$q  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Qb536RpcTY  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant R~vGaxZ$  
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    '************************************************************************* "+HJ/8Dd1  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens -l^<[%  
    '************************************************************************* Q6h+.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) gq=t7b  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic b^o4Q[  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Rh>B# \  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost OVg&?fiP  
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    '************************************************************************* R\j~X@vI  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) R9XU7_3B  
    '************************************************************************* f ,F X# _4  

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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 5'2kP{;  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) PR:k--)D  
    count = 0 Uh}PB3WZ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |iM,bs  
        GetOperation eID, count, op d:kB Zrq  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then U4D7@KY +m  
            DeleteOperation eID,count \8vP"Kr  
            count=count-1 DiJLWXs  
        End If >eJ<-3L;  
        count=count+1 J8ni}\f  
    Wend %rwvY`\  
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    'Set new z-shift v$ ti=uk$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" z^bS+0S5x!  
    op.val1 = tlens 1%Xh[  
    op.parent = parID c1YDln  
    AddOperation eID, op qBEp |V  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 05d0p|},
 
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    '************************************************************************* `v*HH}aDO  
    'Lens index of refraction b3A0o*  
    '************************************************************************* =p5D

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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) F#Lo^ 8  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 
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    mat.Nd = nlens r:*G{m-  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Hw \of  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 3$?6rMl@y  
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    '************************************************************************* ?I+L  
    'Pupil diameter /,\V}`Lx"  
    '************************************************************************* Xa`Q;J"h  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Xf u0d1b  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) /U;j-m&   
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 2e_ Di(us  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens DU^.5f  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) P:{Aqn~zR  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) x^
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    count = 0 )re<NE&M  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }0'LKwIR  
        GetOperation eID, count, op g89@>?Mn  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /.]u%;%r[  
            DeleteOperation eID,count C19N0=  
            count=count-1 r=Xo;d*TE  
        End If p:08q B|uQ  
        count=count+1 Xb"i/gfxt  
    Wend *w0!C:mL&  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" p9"dm{  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 7_\G|Zd  
    op.parent = parID
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    AddOperation eID, op ;W- A2g  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description hO"!q;<eS  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) cKTjQJ#  
    GetEntity eID, entity u8c@q'_  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ;"M6}5dQ4  
    SetEntity eID, entity f1vD{M;  
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    Update n.g-%4\q  
    Print "DONE!" 8\s#law  
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End Sub F^GNOD3J  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： '&cH,yc;b  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Jg$<2CR&  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm  26p[x'W  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 x$q}lJv_  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 >ZJ]yhbhK  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 -J3~j kf  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 GST#b6S  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 lk>\6o:
 
Set pupil diameter = 4 r#OPW7mhE  
DONE! SMrfEmdH+  
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