[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 \EW<;xq  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 KZGy&u >`  
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模型 1"f)\FPGe  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 xTf|u  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. =X
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光源 nd~O*-uYg  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 *AJYSa,z  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 T\w{&3ONm  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 K)W:@,*  
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视网膜的散射 _*++xF1  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 6cXZ3;a  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 h^'+y1
 
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脚本 1*?L>@Wdy  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： BHt9$$Z|  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 MH/bJtNq  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 $l_\9J913  
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分析 mD7kOOMY  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 bMGXx>
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脚本代码 m8Rt>DY  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. *iJ>@vew  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY :@~mN7O*  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Qn}M  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 814cCrr,o  
Dim A As Double #9t3<H[  
Dim pupilDiam As Double VjJ}q*/3e  
Dim eID As Long EzU3'x  
Dim parID As Long %*OQH?pyx}  
Dim count As Integer -'T^gEd)c  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Z6#(83G4  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double a1z*Z/!5  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 8aTo TA7JA  
Dim ok As Long "Ug+#;}p$  
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Sub Main wZt2%+$6m  
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    '用户输入对话框 " 
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 7GRPPh<4  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 d(C5i8d  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 '^(qlCI  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ]
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 x5b .^75p$  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 3*N0oc^m  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 (#nB90E{*  
    End Dialog W!JEl|]  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Lc0=5]D  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 0qL.Rnt  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ,3W,M=j)  
        Print "Execution cancelled." j:U6q,f]  
        End xXCsJ9]  
    End If .@psW0T%  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty \lK `  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then gdS@NUM  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation yeA]j[ #  
    Else ut.tf \c  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) [X ]XH  
    End If l_pf9!z  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ~-'-<-  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 4jC7>mE  
    Else uCc5)
  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) oo|Nu+  
    End If czH# ~  
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    Print " " fzUG1|$e  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" NMESGNa)z  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" eQ<GNvm  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation G-'CjiMu  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness @#yl_r%  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens S7j U:CLJ  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens MJU*Sq  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 1z_1Hl  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens U5[r&Y D  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ysFp$!9Ux  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction =.qPjp_Qd  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation zm#%]p80f  
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    '************************************************************************* cCcJOhk|d  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) (&M,rW~Qxs  
    '************************************************************************* l@`n4U.Gwl  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) B?ipo,2~{  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ' ?a d  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) vd/BO  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z qNUd "%S  
    count = 0 seb/rxb  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \mqrDaB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op t-Ble  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6n H'NNS:J  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 3&R1C>JS ]  
            count=count-1 Nx!7sE*b$1  
        End If  ~;uU{TT  
        count=count+1 X$eR RSW  
    Wend CIz_v.&:  
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    'Set new shift in rd,!-
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" HC"yC;_  
    op.val1 = taq >RrG&W
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    op.parent = parID xPJ@!ks9  
    AddOperation eID, op Wr+1e1[  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 uJa.]J~L=  
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    '************************************************************************* =FQH5iSd  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens xu@xP5GB^  
    '************************************************************************* ?y,KN}s_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ktM7L{Nz  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 3bHB$n  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant hJ?PV@xy
 
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    '************************************************************************* ;8b!T -K  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens hLT?aQLx  
    '************************************************************************* O2/_$i[F  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ~6{U^3  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic }/jWa|)f  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost )ib$*dmUP  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost }4?z<.V  
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    '************************************************************************* #Vy:6O  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) fM"&=X  
    '************************************************************************* eKRE1
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) <VhD>4f{]  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) {D8yqO A}  
    count = 0 N9~'\O$'7  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count bd2QQ1[1vh  
        GetOperation eID, count, op *]c~[&x5&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then SQ<{X/5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count K1p.{  
            count=count-1 Z7k ku:9  
        End If Lzx2An@R  
        count=count+1 s%G%s,d  
    Wend s0DT1s&  
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    'Set new z-shift 8YQ7XB  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 9)uJ\NMy
 
    op.val1 = tlens GtKSA#oYZB  
    op.parent = parID cI-@nV  
    AddOperation eID, op 5>hXqNjP2  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens {:=]J4]  
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    '************************************************************************* T/:6Z  
    'Lens index of refraction NHe[,nIV  
    '************************************************************************* a'O-0]g,  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 0qW"b`9R  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat arvKJmD  
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    mat.Nd = nlens V;hO1xfR3&  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat N$u: !  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens fh`}~ aQ  
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    '************************************************************************* t_+owiF)M  
    'Pupil diameter 9U3.=J  
    '************************************************************************* f/"IC;<~t>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) -?-yeJP2
 
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) .vd*~U"  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" +^%)QH>9   
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens U|
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 'Z)#SzY
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) H|/"'t OZ  
    count = 0 /v.<h*hxWy  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count V6B[eV$D  
        GetOperation eID, count, op a%`L+b5-$  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !v
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            DeleteOperation eID,count f
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            count=count-1 ""IPaNHQ  
        End If ;@O8y\@  
        count=count+1 [WXcp1p  
    Wend
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,rOh*ebF  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 l~[ K.p&  
    op.parent = parID W{1l?Wo  
    AddOperation eID, op =%|f-x  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam #TcX5  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 3ouo4tf$H.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Swgvj(y;!A  
    GetEntity eID, entity @c}Gw;e  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ZgmK~iJ  
    SetEntity eID, entity Q |hBGH9:B  
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    Update Z% ]LZ/O8  
    Print "DONE!" {mLv?"M]  
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End Sub lB7/oa1]>  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： b,47 EJ}  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters &a6-+r  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm nYO$ |/e  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Fxn=+Xgg  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 pP%+@;  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 5f75r  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 rEWuWv$  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 I*pFX0+  
Set pupil diameter = 4 u3DFgl3-7  
DONE! qat'Vj,  
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