[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 X(>aW*q  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 woU3W
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模型 JNA_*3'  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 =mxj2>,&  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. L%.=SbmS  
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光源 {5T:7*J  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 &Qv%~dvW  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 N)YoWA>#bF  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 \&s$?r  
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视网膜的散射 < 'r<MA<  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 p/jAr+XM  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 EJTa~  
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脚本 <kWNx.eci  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： qo}u(pOj|  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 k%({< ul  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ;DI"9  
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分析 9h^TOZK)  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 }+ TA+;  
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脚本代码 Oat #%  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. M0uC0\'#P  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY R&1xZFj  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 1?#Wg>7'  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 7e@Bkq0)  
Dim A As Double 'J#uD|9)  
Dim pupilDiam As Double -<gQ>`(0  
Dim eID As Long 3- 4jSN\  
Dim parID As Long 5~SBZYI  
Dim count As Integer O9MBQNwjA  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 4 !M6RL8{  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double )mRKIM}*W  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Kl+4A}Uo  
Dim ok As Long ;Q%3WD  
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Sub Main \W})Z72  
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    '用户输入对话框 [r=U-  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 yg@}j   
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 <x1H:8A  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 cjBHczkY  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 'd|E>8fejG  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ?nx 1{2[  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 \b|Q`)TK  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 .1?7)k v  
    End Dialog {c:ef@'U  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog wi-{&  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) e!*%U=[Q  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed v@E/?\k"  
        Print "Execution cancelled." +\`t@Ht#  
        End ,V:RE y  
    End If "]{"4qV1=  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 'QEQyJ0EB  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then vE+OL8V  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation \%:]o-+"I  
    Else  al:c2o  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) f@= lK?Pfh  
    End If wPU<jAQyp  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then <E&"]  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ; +E@h=?  
    Else s_N]$3'[E  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) N?;5%pG <  
    End If auT$
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    Print " " A4uDuB;;ZQ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" k/ ZuFTN  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" E$84c+  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation h,V#V1>Hu  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness &:` 7  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ?7cF_Zvve  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ntSPHK|'  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ^J>jU`)CJ  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens [D H@>:"dd  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 96Tc:#9i  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction PaEsz$mgy  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation e6f!6a+%  
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    '************************************************************************* 1!/ U#d"  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) |400N +MK  
    '************************************************************************* +6!.)Ea=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) d%9r"=/  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity X!n-nm
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Wv"[,5 Z13  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ,FJ9C3  
    count = 0 (o\:rLZu  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %rTX
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        GetOperation eID, count, op HPT9B?^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then J680|\ER  
            DeleteOperation eID,count R9yK"  
            count=count-1 P$@5&/]  
        End If 0X)'8N  
        count=count+1 OZ_'&CZ  
    Wend Lvc*L6  
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    'Set new shift in .l*]W!L]  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" m\4jiR_o  
    op.val1 = taq )E^4\3^:  
    op.parent = parID yi7-[W}  
    AddOperation eID, op / GJ"##<  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Vd|5JA}<"  
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    '************************************************************************* ?}B9=R$Pi  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens @-;
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    '************************************************************************* v^[Ny0c
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -^;G^Uq6=  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 5in6Y5ckj  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant [/*854  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant slHlfWHq  
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    '************************************************************************* bsPwTp^
 
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens qEf)TW(  
    '************************************************************************* 'mug,jM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) C|W_j&S65  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic .$4DK*  

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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost TRAs5I%  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost d+ih]?  
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    '************************************************************************* =X>3C"]  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) "~7| !9<  
    '************************************************************************* "`,PLC  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) X&M4c5Li  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) .^djB x  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ssi{(}H/Jv  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ss,t[`AV{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0wZLkU_(  
            DeleteOperation eID,count >H5BY9]I  
            count=count-1 cPI #XPM=  
        End If @OFl^
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        count=count+1  M5exo   
    Wend YIfPE{,  
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    'Set new z-shift v2EM| Q xp  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" u;&`_=p  
    op.val1 = tlens b\gl9"X  
    op.parent = parID %MbjKw  
    AddOperation eID, op 2{XQDOyA  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens +5?hkQCX1^  
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    '************************************************************************* YcRjbF,|6  
    'Lens index of refraction zi[bpa17W  
    '************************************************************************* Ej
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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) A~nq4@uj  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat V[+ Pb]  
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    mat.Nd = nlens pR 1v^m|  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat YV{^S6M  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens @/anJrt  
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    '************************************************************************* fBD5K3  
    'Pupil diameter "@GopD  
    '************************************************************************* HQ@X"y n  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) A+Y>1-=JO  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) <LZvG IMl  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" evg i\"  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens }#EiL !Pv  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fgn*3 pg  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) e#kPf 'gL  
    count = 0 ./5|i*ow  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count X_Y$-I$qd  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &ks>.l\  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @%ChPjN  
            DeleteOperation eID,count U G^6I5  
            count=count-1 6=A++H@  
        End If :$/lGIz  
        count=count+1 +Z)||MR"  
    Wend oc\rQ?  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $Xz9xzOR  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 cQgmRHZ]  
    op.parent = parID 4d0PW#97.  
    AddOperation eID, op k[Uc_=  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam rm3~]  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description H -.3r  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) HOykmx6$  
    GetEntity eID, entity n8zUL1:R  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "-v9V7K
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    SetEntity eID, entity 1/a*8vuGh  
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    Update Qf>dfJ^q  
    Print "DONE!" ! ~&X1,l1*  
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End Sub :8Q6=K87  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： )_xM)mH  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters lmr{Ib2a  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm {v;Y}o-p  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 {hg,F?p '  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 _e~EQ[,  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 O_F<VV*MFQ  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 mqq~&nI  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 d+2I+O03  
Set pupil diameter = 4 /Pg66H#RUf  
DONE! KkAk(9Q/3  
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