[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 6 Bdxdx*zt  
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模型 q\x.e.@  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ^=n
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. R ZQH#+*t}  
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光源 1}c'UEr%)  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ZQ+DAX*MS  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 X-_VuM_p  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 pCrm `hy(  
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视网膜的散射 `D |/g;  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 p\&/m  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 SFd_
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脚本 ;Vat\,45pg  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 1xd6p  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 su%-b\8K  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 1:](=%oM&k  
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分析 xS tsw5d  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 K+!e1 '  
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脚本代码 7$Z_'GJ]1C  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. $j\>T
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY O}Pqbx&  
Dim op As T_OPERATION bRy(`  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ~LpkA`Hn!  
Dim A As Double U|tacO5w`  
Dim pupilDiam As Double [znN'Fg:"  
Dim eID As Long go AV+V7  
Dim parID As Long uK$ Xqo%L  
Dim count As Integer heou\;GI"  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double .ZF%$H  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double k+-?b(z)$  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double M-i3_H)  
Dim ok As Long ajk}&`Wj"  
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Sub Main n'V{  
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    '用户输入对话框 JS^DyBXc  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 <hCO-r#  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ,4t6Cq!  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 *{#C;"  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Y?J/KW
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 GJcxqgk$  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 1m"WrTen  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 rIcgf1v70  
    End Dialog T^|k`  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog eZ(ThA*2=t  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) L}rZ1wV6  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -`XS2  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ]dNNw`1\V  
        End $rcv@-l  
    End If 02t({>`  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty >4luZnWMI  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then SXqB<j$.;  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 7yyX8p>  
    Else =hvPq@C%  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1)
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    End If mbkt7. ,P  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then [%bGs1U  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter AH&RabH2  
    Else N Nk  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) qA!p7"m|  
    End If g&y (-  
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    Print " " ?V!5V
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" %P s.r{%{  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" n46!H0mJ  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Qf^c}!I  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness rIFW1`N}i  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens oFP8s[B  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens K9Mz4K_  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 6ScB:8M  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens } uS0N$4  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness kR97)}Y  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 7BU7sQjs  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation X$6NJ(2G  
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    '************************************************************************* e&ysj:W5 "  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ]Pe>T&  
    '************************************************************************* 7!cLTq  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #&kj>  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity wl]3g  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z Wj,s/Yr:  
    count = 0 uT,i&  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B@M9oN
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        GetOperation eID, count, op ~)_Nh  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Hh;l
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            DeleteOperation eID,count M]6+s`?r  
            count=count-1 kQbZ!yl>[  
        End If O>pX(DS L  
        count=count+1 bC
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    Wend sPZwA0%  
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    'Set new shift in c|.te]!ds  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^,I2@OS  
    op.val1 = taq @U=y}vi8  
    op.parent = parID W>a}g[Ad  
    AddOperation eID, op ~wuCa!!A  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 \;N+PE  
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    '************************************************************************* J.h` 0$!  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens FCNYfjB%  
    '************************************************************************* o%
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ?SgFD4<~P  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic &6OY^6<  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant VnW6$W?g  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <}[ !k<  
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    '************************************************************************* BkB_?^Nv8  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens c6vJ;iz  
    '************************************************************************* 8d5#vm  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) {rMf/RAE  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic zGU MH7 M  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost z9IW&f~~P  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 2o<*rH  

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    '************************************************************************* cJ$jU{}  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) HI|egf@  
    '************************************************************************* THQ #zQ-  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ek<B=F  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 7I w^  
    count = 0 TfZM0Wz  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count L^t%p1R  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3G4WKg.^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then x`7Le
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            DeleteOperation eID,count uxL+oP0  
            count=count-1 Uzvd*>mv  
        End If 
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        count=count+1 H][TH2H1  
    Wend 5lHt~hB\  
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    'Set new z-shift wry`2_c  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" s3A(`heoq  
    op.val1 = tlens f91]0B`C  
    op.parent = parID 
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    AddOperation eID, op yWRIh*>nE  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 'L O3[G{  
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    '************************************************************************* Pq+|*Y<|&  
    'Lens index of refraction ]*a(^*}A%  
    '************************************************************************* zu?112-v2  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) *c4OhMU(  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat *3Lo[GE>  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Cu%BU}(  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]g$ky.;  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens v0) %S  
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    '************************************************************************* +$ djX=3  
    'Pupil diameter YC%xW*  
    '************************************************************************* ]p+KN>1e  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 4ZUtK/i+r  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) tBzE(vW  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" `/m]K~~  

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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens PYi<iSr  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) M)K!!Jqh  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) c(Y~5A{TXO  
    count = 0 )OQm,5F1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count f1SKOq  
        GetOperation eID, count, op E^n!h06~G  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5KB Z-,  
            DeleteOperation eID,count z<t2yh(DF  
            count=count-1 9-j-nx @)  
        End If Nz{q
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        count=count+1 'uz o[>p  
    Wend FP{=b/  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Jityb}Z"  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ,.{M1D6'R`  
    op.parent = parID rJf{YUZe  
    AddOperation eID, op >Q=e9L=  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 2va[= >_  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description gF9GU5T:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) s'tXb=!HO  
    GetEntity eID, entity :twp95{R1  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" y /8iEs  
    SetEntity eID, entity \l0!si  
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    Update G@
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    Print "DONE!" |;V-;e*  
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End Sub 0*P-/)o x  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Ro$*bN6p  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters e 0$m<5  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm =?Co<972Z  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 K ..Pn17t  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 \g]rOYW  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ~<IQe-Q5  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 0
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 56c3tgVF  
Set pupil diameter = 4  nmL|v  
DONE! 7dB_q}<  
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