[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 /eI]!a  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。
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模型 &LD=Zp%  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 \W',g[Y:  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. i4XE26B;e  
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光源 s?g`ufF.t  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 jZ5 mpYUO  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 2 u{"R  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 "B~ow{3  
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视网膜的散射 ha%3%O8Z  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 LG/6_t}  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 =DT7]fU
 
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脚本 wj'5D0  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： >C1**GQ  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 X;hV+|Bo  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 F_?aoP&5  
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分析 e{~3&  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 /tu+L6  
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脚本代码 #:Tb(R   
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Q|O! cEW/  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ^D{!!)O  
Dim op As T_OPERATION D(m2^
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <ah!!  
Dim A As Double RO]Vn]qb  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 2}ttCm  
Dim eID As Long xw)$).yc  
Dim parID As Long 5$(qnOi  
Dim count As Integer [|XMR=\>  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double "wB~*,Ny  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double CPw=?<db  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double g^V4+3v|a'  
Dim ok As Long '\&t3?;  
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Sub Main sn4wd:b7%  
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    '用户输入对话框 g.&n X/  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 {GTOHJ2  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 4490l"  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 (sXR@Ce$  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 sbxOnwP\  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Y6>@zznk  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 nkv+O$LXP  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 'T8(md299  
    End Dialog Ic%c%U=i  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog x8#bd{  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) C6$F.v  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ^F>C|FJ2  
        Print "Execution cancelled." i#uc  
        End Y5 BWg  
    End If s$V'|Pt  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty QO0#p1fom'  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <6 LpsM}  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation zNF.nS}:  
    Else f.Uvf^T}2  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) P6n9yJ$,cb  
    End If 5#DtaVz  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then YA";&
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter q_h=O1W  
    Else M<4tjVQ6  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) p~n62(  
    End If =B0#z]qu  
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    Print " " |f:1Br  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" k>2tC<  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" e^N6h3WF  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Rxg^vM*  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness nB;yS<  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Y-0o>:SM  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens _a~
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens )A@i2I  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ODggGB`H`  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness O&]P
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction qu}&4_`%:V  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation l8$7N=Y  
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    '************************************************************************* c]u^0X?&  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) STr&"9c  
    '************************************************************************* ._6|epJ#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,KfBG<3
 
    GetCustomElement eID, entity L~WC9xguDl  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) @T }p.  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z _o'3v=5T  
    count = 0 %[ Z[  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count QSaJb?I  
        GetOperation eID, count, op b?=>)':f  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then g9rsw7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count l$>))cW!  
            count=count-1 p+t79F.js  
        End If f|U J%}$v;  
        count=count+1 v>4kF _N  
    Wend *c0\<BI  
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    'Set new shift in
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" AP2BND9  
    op.val1 = taq )|Ho"VEmg  
    op.parent = parID zvDg1p  
    AddOperation eID, op wva| TZ  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 _olhCLIR-  
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    '************************************************************************* 4X()D {uR  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens , :10  
    '************************************************************************* 0cpI2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) EYsf<8cl  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant '&|]tu:q  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant HxH.=M8S_  
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    '************************************************************************* x+X^K_*  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens B!z-O*fLE1  
    '*************************************************************************  .Lvg $d  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) LK?V`J5wY  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -9L[eYn  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ?)60JWOJ1  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost J[?7`6\M  
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    '************************************************************************* oD0N<Ln}  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) =` %iv|>r0  
    '************************************************************************* :.K#=ROP  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y{`aM(&  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) {|jrYU.k~  
    count = 0 f"w
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count =>_k;x  
        GetOperation eID, count, op RjOQSy3  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1l~(J:DT  
            DeleteOperation eID,count c'678!r9 P  
            count=count-1 og! d  
        End If hZudVBn  
        count=count+1 ? 7H'#l  
    Wend y*AB=d^  
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    'Set new z-shift Rzolue 8  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ga%x(1U[&  
    op.val1 = tlens |PI]v`[  
    op.parent = parID +mr\AAFn  
    AddOperation eID, op Ao%;!(\I%  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens \Jcj4  
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    '************************************************************************* UT^-!L LB]  
    'Lens index of refraction |.s#m^"  
    '************************************************************************* K?4/x4p@  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Dn}Wsd=  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat e2onR~Cf  
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    mat.Nd = nlens /!u#S9_B  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat d+6 by,'  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens U;QN+fF]u  
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    '************************************************************************* '+ 8.nN  
    'Pupil diameter "DW; 6<m  
    '************************************************************************* X1P_IB  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) E8:4Z$|c  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) azUEp8`|  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 9O%4x"*PO  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens R]-$]koQO  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fO4e[g;G  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) C&\vVNV;9  
    count = 0 bwo{ Lw~  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count dwQ*OxFl  
        GetOperation eID, count, op dXe. 5XC  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then l<](8oc. w  
            DeleteOperation eID,count lu GEBPi  
            count=count-1 sF/X#GG-  
        End If W[dMf!(  
        count=count+1 A5lP%&tu(  
    Wend B>^5h?(lt  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" eBK s-2r  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 )6S;w7  
    op.parent = parID $J~~.PUXQ  
    AddOperation eID, op "!yKX(aTX  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam HzO6hb{jJO  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description !eoN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) X9:(}=E V  
    GetEntity eID, entity M!=WBw8Y]a  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" !n=@(bT*wT  
    SetEntity eID, entity 4{'0-7}  
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    Update a.|4`*1[;  
    Print "DONE!" x04JU$@  
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End Sub ^6?NYHMr=  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： dYg}qad5:  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters XA[GF6W,Y  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm -DO*,Eecv  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 7k<4/|CQ{  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 dVDQ^O&  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 kT(}>=]g  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 K>kMKd1  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 &`a$n2ycy  
Set pupil diameter = 4 \WM*2&  
DONE! :!a9|Fh~  
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