[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Q_"]+i]s@  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 J%u=Ucdh  
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模型 ,]bhyp  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 T1ut"
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. z>LUH  
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光源 Rw"sJ)/  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 U;YC}r  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 qB5j;@r  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ^X=ar
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视网膜的散射 yQU{zY  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ,BH@j%Jmy  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Lb!Fcf|h  
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脚本 *{YlN}vA  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： .8@$\ZRP  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 7S-ys+  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ]s]vZ  
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分析 Xe
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 VQ(jpns5  
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脚本代码 E-4b[xNj*+  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. A0/"&Ag]  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY xR-%L  
Dim op As T_OPERATION cA2V2S)  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n D0K).=Q  
Dim A As Double RM]\+BK  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ,g%0`SO  
Dim eID As Long $ZUdT  
Dim parID As Long J28
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Dim count As Integer QCD.YFM  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double iNWw;_|1  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 7TgOK   
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double K`yRr`pW  
Dim ok As Long Pnk5mK$  
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Sub Main 3r<~Q7e  
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    '用户输入对话框 +M./@U*g  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 o@r7 n>G  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 5
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 bbtGXfI+SB  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 g$":D  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 J}*,HT*  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 e{h<g>7  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 k|v3.< -  
    End Dialog p?{Xu4(  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ls?~+\Jb  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg)
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed vV'EZ?  
        Print "Execution cancelled."  H_B4  
        End %G3h?3  
    End If ^7>3a/  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty '@cANGg7[  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then n#/_Nz  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation A|CmlAW~^  
    Else &LmJ!^#  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) __lM7LFL  
    End If 6~0$Z-);(  

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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then =
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Rh3eLt~|(  
    Else @+;$jRwq  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) f& 0M*o,)  
    End If Hj'xAtx5  
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    Print " " >lmi@UN|k  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" PUz*!9HC  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 214Ml0/%  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 3ovWwZ8&  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ,f kcp]}  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens T\:4qETQF]  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens SIe="YG]<  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens [N FFB
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 8{Q<N%Jnu  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Bm.afsM;  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction a!
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation <3(LWxw  
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    '************************************************************************* C#QpQg2  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) XoXM^*Vk  
    '************************************************************************* TH)"wNa  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) $JSL-NkE  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity KTK <gV9:  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) D>|H 2  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z J`^ag'  
    count = 0 :WC2Ax7$2  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |yvQ[U~PQ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op >PB4L_1  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `id
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            DeleteOperation eID,count P<oehw'>  
            count=count-1 #1J &7F1  
        End If U!T~!C^  
        count=count+1 Wi>!{.}%A  
    Wend [vge56h  
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    'Set new shift in 85lCj-cs  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Z/Eb:  
    op.val1 = taq ]d55m/(   
    op.parent = parID QS0:@.}$E)  
    AddOperation eID, op ?:Mr=]sD  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 I6~pV@h^=  
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    '************************************************************************* $ oTdfb  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens jNu9
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    '************************************************************************* )@N2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [N1hWcfvd  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic J~=n
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Mc#*wEo)8  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant -g)9R%>
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    '************************************************************************* W8Q|$ZJ88F  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ,PlO8;5]  
    '************************************************************************* 4!$s}V=
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) NxSu3e~PS  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :z}MIuf  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost I[b}4M6E  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost (]_1  
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    '************************************************************************* YiYV>gaf"H  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) pkP?i5,  
    '************************************************************************* 5?p2%KQ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) b k|m4|  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) d\%WgH  
    count = 0 'jmTXWq*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count jlp:lX  
        GetOperation eID, count, op xAafm<L@!  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Wf>zDW^"R  
            DeleteOperation eID,count >*@y8u*  
            count=count-1 f?oa"  
        End If c;{Q,"9U  
        count=count+1 RE}?5XHb  
    Wend ,\X@~j  
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    'Set new z-shift 'sLiu8G  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" wx\v:A  
    op.val1 = tlens @lCJ G!u  
    op.parent = parID ".SJ~`S  
    AddOperation eID, op <F'X<Bau  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens .P.z
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    '************************************************************************* eFBeJZuE|  
    'Lens index of refraction \(VTt|}By$  
    '************************************************************************* 0OT\"O~S[  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) p(PMZVV`  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 3k|oK'l  
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    mat.Nd = nlens <cZGxff01  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Z-8Yd6 4  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens qP2ekI:y  
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    '************************************************************************* vy_D>tp  
    'Pupil diameter ET_W-  
    '************************************************************************* bKj%s@x  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) %@;6^=  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) s"9`s_p`d  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" O:T
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 6lkl7zm  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) nt;haeJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) _$wmI/_JM  
    count = 0 <EPj$::  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %uJ<M-@r=u  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ^zEwA  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then L f"i !  
            DeleteOperation eID,count QU%I4
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            count=count-1 B;R.#^@/  
        End If "]oO{'1X  
        count=count+1 /CuXa%Ci^  
    Wend T21ky>8E  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" CNr/U*+  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 } X^|$  
    op.parent = parID }Ow>dV?  
    AddOperation eID, op e{X6i^% m_  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam gz
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 1QcT$8HA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) K=C!b?  
    GetEntity eID, entity eh4gQ^l  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ,ldI2]  
    SetEntity eID, entity !(n4|Wd  
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    Update {K4+6p  
    Print "DONE!" }tH[[4t
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End Sub  vj51 g@  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： JC
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters |o2sbLp  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm (RUT{)p[  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 &ISb~5  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 $we]91(::  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 uK
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 _*IPk  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 d~/q"r1"  
Set pupil diameter = 4 sp7*_&'J  
DONE! MZpK~c1`  
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