[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Xy%||\P{)  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 HHZw-/s,%  
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模型 kc0MQ TJU  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 @I-,5F|r  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. #2s}s<Sc;  
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光源 Zj!,3{jX^  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ;&n
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 J/jkb3  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 (_|*&au J  
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视网膜的散射 [:.wCG5  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 e2v`   
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 u+Ix''Fn#%  
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脚本 h\UKm|BZ  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 72d|Jbd  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 !h4T3sO  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 o[cOL^Xd1  
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分析 jcJ 4?  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 $uHQl#!;  
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脚本代码 6&os`!  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. p/-du^:2  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY n#g_)\  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Q"dq_8\`U  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL V?j,$LixY  
Dim A As Double yuZLsH  
Dim pupilDiam As Double UqI #F  
Dim eID As Long (M$0'B
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Dim parID As Long !CUl1L1DSi  
Dim count As Integer L]H'$~xx*  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double [*^.$s(  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double &N^~=y^`C'  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 2.aCo, Kb;  
Dim ok As Long >`0U2K  
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Sub Main %PYO9:n  
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    '用户输入对话框 KAC
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 4C=W~6~  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Uw("+[5O0  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 LZn'+{\`  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 LG&BWs!  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 T
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Ab ,^y  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 RqTO3Kf  
    End Dialog wnokP  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 8X7??f1;Y  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) |T6K?:U7  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed A4tk</A  
        Print "Execution cancelled." wtek5C^  
        End !G3AD3  
    End If @q
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ;\*3A22 #  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 9~Dg<wQ  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation tVRN3fJH  
    Else ,/w*sE  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) .rtA sbp.!  
    End If 8z1z<\  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then G]=z ![
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        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter P$obID  
    Else C#U(POA  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ",b:rgpRp  
    End If bgorW"'  
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    Print " " ln82pQD2Y~  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters"
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 3s%?)z  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 0VNLhM(LM  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness dTg`z,^F  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens TwkT|Piw S  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens DO:,PZX  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 0#]fEi  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens n-ffX*zA(  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +Y7M7  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 8S1@,O,  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 6|jZv~rS$  
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    '************************************************************************* {zb'Z Yz  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ]UvB+M]Lv)  
    '************************************************************************* XKjrS 9:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -8n1y[  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity _
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rt+4-WuK>  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z OXQ*Xpc  
    count = 0 $wUYK%.  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count
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        GetOperation eID, count, op *I]]Ogpq=  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then G)7U&B  
            DeleteOperation eID,count VExhN';  
            count=count-1 jSem/;  
        End If XJ<"S p  
        count=count+1 0/Q_% :  
    Wend dtR"5TL<~}  
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    'Set new shift in &BPYlfB1  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" VIp|U{  
    op.val1 = taq gQ\.|'%  
    op.parent = parID A^OwT#  
    AddOperation eID, op |}G"^r  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 .RxTz9(  
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    '************************************************************************* %> XsKXj  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens $nE{%?n-#  
    '************************************************************************* wsQnjT>
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 9+1{a.JO  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 8T3,56>  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 5eTA]  
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    '************************************************************************* AIHH@z   
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens -N' (2'  
    '************************************************************************* KTm^}')C8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) M}|(:o3Yo  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #z(:n5$F  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost m^ xTV-#l@  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost gNZwD6GMe?  
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    '************************************************************************* M1Q&)am  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ]ae(t`\l^  
    '************************************************************************* fV"Y/9}(  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) p cLKE ZK  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) [E9iuym  
    count = 0 fJLl-H  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #ZZe*B!s_  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `:C1Wo^<  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then j3sz"(  
            DeleteOperation eID,count \m7\}Nbz0/  
            count=count-1 &;$uU  
        End If ;u2[Ww~k  
        count=count+1 k4sV6f  
    Wend ,l&?%H9q  
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    'Set new z-shift 0ca0-vY  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" I$"Z\c8;  
    op.val1 = tlens SWdmej[  
    op.parent = parID :%gc Sm  
    AddOperation eID, op ;2kQ)Bq"  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ika*w  
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    '************************************************************************* oywPPVxj  
    'Lens index of refraction +`F(wk["m  
    '************************************************************************* "r6qFxY  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 1sXCu|\q  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat U.TZd"  
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    mat.Nd = nlens !>Nlp,r&~  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat .w4|$.H  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens @ 51!3jeu  
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    '************************************************************************* 9'(_*KSH  
    'Pupil diameter ho>@ $9  
    '************************************************************************* /o4_rzR?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) n~0wq(8M  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ]{tWfv|Xg8  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" O+-+=W  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 0@_8JB ?E  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N~|f^#L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) *$7^.eHfdd  
    count = 0 :awa  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count TY]0aw2]|7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \B')2phE  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then g(P7CX+y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count }<G ae
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            count=count-1 "pt[Nm76)8  
        End If |e8A)xM]wC  
        count=count+1 }'<Z&NW6  
    Wend $idToOkw  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" -F`gRAr-  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 E`N`  
    op.parent = parID Gh_5$@ hF  
    AddOperation eID, op Rs<S}oeLn  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam oxFd@WV5  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description .NdsKhg b  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) CMC p7-v  
    GetEntity eID, entity a3A-N] ;f  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 8k{XUn  
    SetEntity eID, entity Q-, 4  
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    Update 1mgw0Q
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    Print "DONE!" <> =(BAw  
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End Sub :TrP3wV_  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： (QFZM"G  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters >CCy2W^W  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm XPYf1
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 PJb/tKC  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 |{MFo)  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 O0^Y1l  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 H{P*d=9v  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 &}gH!5L m  
Set pupil diameter = 4 [HXd|,~_j-  
DONE! '(ETXQ@  
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