[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 M\3!elp2z  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Tj:F Qnx  
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模型 RP$A"<goP  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 C{-pVuhK+  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. o^D
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光源 QB3AL;7  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 y5I7pbe  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 BKk*<WMD  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 i2DR}%U  
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视网膜的散射 hwJ.M4  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。  2B#WWb  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 O`eNuQSv  
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脚本 u4Sa4o  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： f' eKX7R  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 |Z<adOg  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 xnArYm  
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分析 ,F1$Of/'@\  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 WJ%b9{<  
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脚本代码 NQb?&.C   
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. = #`FXO1C  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY !j(R_wOq  
Dim op As T_OPERATION GRNH!:e  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL /
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Dim A As Double ,yC~{H  
Dim pupilDiam As Double rkD(KG9E  
Dim eID As Long te`4*t  
Dim parID As Long )_BteLo-  
Dim count As Integer :r\<DVj  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double )TxhJB5|  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double V; ChrmE  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double (Fu9lW}n  
Dim ok As Long i}Y:o}  
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Sub Main ^Tl|v'   
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    '用户输入对话框 I?1^\s#L  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 qU}[(9~Ru  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Dd*C?6  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ].$N@tC  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 'rSM6j  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 C 9DRVkjj  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 (LnKaf8  
    End Dialog "Aynt_a.
 
    Dim dlg As UserDialog #e=[W))  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) KjhOz%Yt[o  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ETm
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        Print "Execution cancelled." ^mH^cP?/  
        End Er{yQIi0L  
    End If j_k!9"bt  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty # TvY*D,  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then m~2PpO  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation WXJ%bH
  
    Else W&*0F~  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) z+;+c$X  
    End If /:B!hvpw  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then R+P1 +5  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter SoCa_9*X  
    Else d^w6_  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) /CH*5w)1   
    End If Z/O5Dear/h  
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    Print " " X'O3)Yg  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ?v6xaVg:  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" SDZ/r
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation f`T#=6C4|  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness *M09Y'5]  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens dtJ?J<m}  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens >Ka}v:E  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens l7
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens L~>pSP^a  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness x:GuqE  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction b0t/~]9G  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation %qNT<>c  
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    '************************************************************************* 'V/+v#V+>  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) T=%,^  
    '************************************************************************* `5:b=^'D/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) :hC+r=!I  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ><^ ,  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) )k$ +T%  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z D&#wn.0|E  
    count = 0 0sIwU!=vm  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h_n`E7&bG  
        GetOperation eID, count, op >We4F2?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then '| WY 2>/(  
            DeleteOperation eID,count p%[/ _ -7  
            count=count-1 $9bLD >.  
        End If fgdqp8~  
        count=count+1 GUSEbIz):  
    Wend vq=nG]cE)  

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    'Set new shift in jnho*,X  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" q
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    op.val1 = taq B)*?H=f/  
    op.parent = parID @~sJ ((G[5  
    AddOperation eID, op 
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55  >cw%ckE  
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    '************************************************************************* )B)ecJJ_  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens
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    '************************************************************************* ^ZP $(a4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) #q?'<''d,
 
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ?h\fwF3  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant UB^OMB-W.m  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Y].
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    '************************************************************************* ;8m)a  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 17la/7l<  
    '************************************************************************* $Y`oqw?g+^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) gv\WI4"n  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic bY&!d.  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost :
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost [] cF*en  
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    '************************************************************************* V$0mcwH  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) P_}wjz}9ZX  
    '************************************************************************* 4Dy|YH$>S  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) i/|}#yw8A  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) /Ixv{H)H  
    count = 0 hU'h78bt(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count {f"oqry_g  
        GetOperation eID, count, op YC[cQX  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Q%r KKOX8  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @B\$ me  
            count=count-1 q{Ao j  
        End If 9$f%  
        count=count+1 ij5|P4Eka  
    Wend 4ibOVBG:*,  
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    'Set new z-shift ;&c9!LfP  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (h"-#q8$  
    op.val1 = tlens UMUG~P&@  
    op.parent = parID G,!{Q''w  
    AddOperation eID, op \&/V p`  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 'pj*6t1~  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Lens index of refraction C <Pd_&  
    '************************************************************************* (}m2}  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) %/oeV;D  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat i0nu5kD+d  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ]w0_!Z&  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat smKp3_r  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 8 qlQC.VA[  
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    '************************************************************************* yXQ 2
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    'Pupil diameter `*WzHDv5p  
    '************************************************************************* ]TVc 'G;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) #+&"m7 s  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole)
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" \1sWmN6  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Q[Gs%/>  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) cs9"0&JX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) kho$At)V  
    count = 0 {>UT'fa-  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l}@C'Np  
        GetOperation eID, count, op NvvD~Bb  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then h t3P@;  
            DeleteOperation eID,count |?v .5|1  
            count=count-1 &PPYxg<  
        End If b#-=Dbe  
        count=count+1 r:M0# 2   
    Wend JFdMYb  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" .P#t"oW}  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 i0u`J  
    op.parent = parID {A~3/M%74;  
    AddOperation eID, op *B)10R  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam q'9;  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description [HhaBy9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %%9T-+T  
    GetEntity eID, entity m2HO .ljc  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Y()
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    SetEntity eID, entity Ej $.x6:  
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    Update +TAyCxfmt  
    Print "DONE!" HQSFl=Q  
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End Sub p+228K ;H  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： cqaq~  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters cd`P'GDF  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm X/buz  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2UopGxrPKw  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 )Fw#]~Z  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 +i[@+`  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 7[0<,O6Q  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 dkW7k^g  
Set pupil diameter = 4 pd|l&xvka  
DONE! &UVqFo  
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