[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 wEIAU  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?;Ge/~QU5  
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模型
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 3.I:`>;EO  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. =Qw`F0t  
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光源 hlTM<E  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 qQUCK  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 #Y9~ Xp^.  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 IPT\d^|f  
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视网膜的散射 n
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 3Rsbi  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ]hL`HP  
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脚本 O+^l>+ZGj?  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Io81zA  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ~<?+(V^D  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 L:ox$RU  
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分析 Oist>A$Z  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。
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脚本代码 NYoh6AR  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. -.>b7ui  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 'edd6yTd  
Dim op As T_OPERATION  jIMT&5k  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL s\k4<d5  
Dim A As Double >VQP,J{  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ]ZD W+<  
Dim eID As Long vU:FDkx*nn  
Dim parID As Long ] rP^  
Dim count As Integer X0\2qD  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double M7O5uW`  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double xpJ6M<O{8  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 6`>WO_<z  
Dim ok As Long h%9>js^~  
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Sub Main u3"0K['3  
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    '用户输入对话框 :!SVpCt3  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 5s=ZA*(sY  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Mbj{C  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 P=.yXirm?  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 {:D8@jb[  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 J**-q(>  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 y$ L@!r/s  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 lO (MF  
    End Dialog <G9HVMiP  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog skd3E4  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) N~""Lc&  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed f9" M^i  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 6:fHPlqW  
        End 8#m,TOp  
    End If [>2iz  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty wMW."gM|  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then /C[Q?  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation b< dwf[  
    Else |rU?  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 8a,uM :  
    End If `D%U5
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then t@&U2JaL>W  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ]9 JLu8GO  
    Else GM~Ek]9C%  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ~WjK'N4n5  
    End If ){nOM$W  
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    Print " " \,AE5hnO  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" jIL+^{
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ]\C wa
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ;p(I0X  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness C09rgEB\B  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 6MD9DqD  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ?u?Nhf %b  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ELN1F0TneH  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;/h&40&  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness !X[P)/?b0+  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction *mJ\Tzc)  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation .OpG2P  
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    '************************************************************************* *Fg)`M3g  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) <}p]0iA  
    '************************************************************************* @__m>8wn  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9SBTeJ$RZ  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity -@tj0OHg  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) RW<10:  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 2 :4o`o  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~>H,~</`  
        GetOperation eID, count, op (HXKa][T  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then r8tW)"?  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [1Aoj|  
            count=count-1 w!pj);jy{  
        End If qg/FI#r  
        count=count+1 {<$tEj:  
    Wend B]NcY&A
 
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    'Set new shift in l^^Z}3^Rk  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" m] yUcj{F  
    op.val1 = taq '"+Gn52#  
    op.parent = parID _#1EbvO*l  
    AddOperation eID, op /i dI-  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 %#o@c  
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    '************************************************************************* $)nP
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens lU%oU&P/"S  
    '************************************************************************* F3K<-JK+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) J[0

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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic HI{h>g T  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant IN@o9pUjV  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant # S/n3  
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    '************************************************************************* zy%0;%
 
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens YK[2KTlo  
    '************************************************************************* ul~6zBKO
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Rnoz[1y?0  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0%< hj  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 6Q\|8a  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost KO7
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    '************************************************************************* ~;]kqYIJ  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Y#Q!mbp  
    '************************************************************************* }:{9!RMO  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) XVqkw@Ia4!  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 7l$ u.[  
    count = 0 {|hg3R~A  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2"?DaX  
        GetOperation eID, count, op bEj}J_#  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gSw4\R  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 8Th,C{  
            count=count-1 @XolFOL"f"  
        End If %Z
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        count=count+1 /+JnEFf  
    Wend hHmm(~5gR  
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    'Set new z-shift "Kp#Lx  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" !hZ: \&V  
    op.val1 = tlens d8vf kVB  
    op.parent = parID aIFlNS,y  
    AddOperation eID, op 0&|0l>wy.  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens t4#gW$+^?H  
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    '************************************************************************* K&%CeUa  
    'Lens index of refraction m!Z<\2OP  
    '************************************************************************* h#O
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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) !2.BLJE>  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat DbH;DcV7  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ebI2gEu;a  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat `8W HVC$  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens &H;,,7u  
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    '************************************************************************* *PnO$q@`  
    'Pupil diameter iOURS  
    '************************************************************************* \(P?=] -  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Ha-]U:Vcx  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) nPXP9wmh4x  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Blzvn19'h  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ALTOi?  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 70c]|5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 43AzNXWF8  
    count = 0 ,sAAV%">
 
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }<A.zwB<i  
        GetOperation eID, count, op edp I?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then jn V=giBu  
            DeleteOperation eID,count !g]5y=  
            count=count-1 4Lt9Dx1  
        End If =WY'n l'  
        count=count+1 {g%N(2  
    Wend eTx9fxw  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;yt6Yp.6e  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 U8Y%rFh1  
    op.parent = parID z5fE<=<X_W  
    AddOperation eID, op )Fv.eIBY  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam |NfFe*q0;8  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description crM5&L9zF  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^&
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    GetEntity eID, entity X,|8Wpi=  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" &n k)F<  
    SetEntity eID, entity QO'Hyf t  
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    Update M5`v^>  
    Print "DONE!" {[oNUzcd  
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End Sub ")|/\ w,  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 7=l~fKu  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters #aP#r4$  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm n1f8jS+'}  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 &GP(yj]  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 _\WR3Q!V  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 .G8`Ut Z  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 m!V,W*RNr  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 oPSPb(.  
Set pupil diameter = 4 !vSI"$xd  
DONE! Ds`e-X)O;\  
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