[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 \s
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模型 lov%V*tL  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 z0 \N{rP&  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. W~yLl%  
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光源 !b63ik15O~  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 '60//"9>k/  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 G,|KL" H6  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 nmg{%P  
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视网膜的散射 5gshKmt_  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 En\Z#0,V  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ZLrHZhP-+  
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脚本 V{ |[oIp  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： x*q35K^PE  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 (NaK3_  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 p[qg&VKB  
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分析 #&BS ?@  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 12OlrU  
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脚本代码 vaB!R 0  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ;s_"{f`Y6
 
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY x7$ax79ly  
Dim op As T_OPERATION &S-er{]]  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =:~(m  
Dim A As Double $^h?:L:1n  
Dim pupilDiam As Double y-a|Lu*  
Dim eID As Long onnugj3  
Dim parID As Long >lLo4M 3  
Dim count As Integer B^q<2S;  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double U=m=1FYaG  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Ep ">v>"  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double X-/Ban  
Dim ok As Long _ECB^s_  
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Sub Main "DpKrVuG  
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    '用户输入对话框 C6^j#rl  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 .8H}Lf\  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 u"FjwF?  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 9rcI+q=E  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 V^rW?Do  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 :Ss3ck*=  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 dG0VBE  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 1exfCm  
    End Dialog CDCC1BG"  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 8Q(8b@ZO,  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ,8##OB(  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed [:B*6FXMN~  
        Print "Execution cancelled." hQ';{5IKvC  
        End }0{B  
    End If E{>`MNj  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Ek
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then F1c&0*_A  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation !G+u j(  
    Else 0p3vE,pF  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) uvv.WbZ  
    End If 1VLLo~L%  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then o, LK[Q  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter >FF1)~  
    Else t.U{Bu P  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) %h/! Y<%  
    End If 7#pZa.B)k  
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    Print " " ?D=8{!R3  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 7cw]v"iv  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 5\S&)ZA@  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation `%y5\!X  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness QJSr:dP4dG  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens !<r8~A3!(  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens -3vh!JMN  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens V(..8}LlD  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens %6i=lyH-  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 7\%$>< K  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction #LWg"i  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation  ?Ib}  
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    '************************************************************************* #r}uin*jD  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Vp7b4n<  
    '************************************************************************* f3n~{a,[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) or.\)(m#(  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ,8VXA +'_  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) e5OVq ,  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z P` ]ps?l  
    count = 0 =|V"#3$f  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count OjATSmZ@@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op +WLD  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then XhA4:t  
            DeleteOperation eID,count MYx88y  
            count=count-1 $W,zO|-  
        End If ~U%j{8uH  
        count=count+1 #90c$ dc  
    Wend 6[+j'pW?  
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    'Set new shift in QgZJ`G--  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" uO"8aD`W  
    op.val1 = taq GNZ#q)qT  
    op.parent = parID Wr#~GFg  
    AddOperation eID, op G?ZC9w]rA  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 '!@A}&]  
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    '************************************************************************* b
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens . s-5N\  
    '************************************************************************* xVTo4-[p  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Hz?,#>{
  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 2@*<9-9  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Xi+n`T'i  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant nl9kYE [  
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    '************************************************************************* AysL-sqR  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens dk:xnX%  
    '************************************************************************* Om6Mmoqh  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 2-7Z(7G{ F  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 5"uNj<.V  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost -R8/`M8GbD  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost s9 &)Fv-#V  
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    '************************************************************************* Yx 3|G  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) xD^wTtT  
    '************************************************************************* q|Fjm]AF  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) {83C,C-  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 1yJ75/  
    count = 0 Bs@:rhDi  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +K&?)?/=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op I}_;A<U  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,3k@L\$.x  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6"%@L{UQ  
            count=count-1 ?61L|vr  
        End If L9$&-A9ix  
        count=count+1 i)[kubM  
    Wend e`;t<
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    'Set new z-shift HM 90Sb  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"  }Zt.*%  
    op.val1 = tlens jQ)L pjS1  
    op.parent = parID #)FDl70S8  
    AddOperation eID, op |SxMN%M
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens F:S"gRKz  
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    '************************************************************************* TqXge{r  
    'Lens index of refraction PY2[S[  
    '************************************************************************* }\DAg'e)  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) m[W/j/$A+x  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat <5M_EJp  
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    mat.Nd = nlens .(JE-upJ"  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ygMd$0:MN  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens CX]RtV!  
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    '************************************************************************* K[e`t%2_  
    'Pupil diameter $.``OxJk%  
    '************************************************************************* b'&LBT7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) iQu^|,tHEM  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) g%ZdIKj!  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" xUQdVrFU  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens zf`5>h|  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j{)fC]8H  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) re]%f"v:5  
    count = 0 1k$2LQ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lK "'nLL  
        GetOperation eID, count, op W8< @sq~I  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 
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            DeleteOperation eID,count =[s8q2V  
            count=count-1 *3!(*F@M,  
        End If N`f!D>b:dn  
        count=count+1 KuIkul9^%  
    Wend E=}6X9X  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $|rCrak;  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 =n)JJS94  
    op.parent = parID L^6"'#  
    AddOperation eID, op NS h%t+XU]  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam uFz/PDOZ@  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description :sU!PF[<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) cLn;,u4  
    GetEntity eID, entity ;&RUE  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" [|y`y%  
    SetEntity eID, entity _c[|@D  
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    Update x6"/z  
    Print "DONE!" qi(&8in  
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End Sub -)p@BtMS  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： f;e_04K  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters JtSuD>H`"  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm -
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Qk?jGXB>^  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ,?C|.5  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 | -JI`!7  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 c'"#q)  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Xq+!eOT  
Set pupil diameter = 4 -b
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DONE! R 4DM_u  
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