[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 KqC8ozup  
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模型 _Bh-*e2k  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。  _0^f  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. #+dF3]X(&  
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光源 P X/{  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 AA$+ayzx9{  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 +pDZ,c,  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 '?7?
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视网膜的散射 AcC'hr.N+  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Gp*U2LB  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 w]2tb
  
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脚本 7,vvL8\NHu  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： "^?|=sQ  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 s Yp?V\Y"  
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分析 snU $Na3  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 T2Duz,  
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脚本代码 `8 Q3=^)3  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. s+mNr3  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY {/Mz/|%  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ds>V|}f[  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL J2tD).G  
Dim A As Double D)0pm?*5A  
Dim pupilDiam As Double :i{$p00 G  
Dim eID As Long |q0MM^%"  
Dim parID As Long Ojea~Y]Sr  
Dim count As Integer }Z^r<-N  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double {u7%Z}<0  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double P1\:hh  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double /Q|guJx  
Dim ok As Long ?U}Ml]0~  
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Sub Main ;|nC;D]  
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    '用户输入对话框 X?3?R\/  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 <4DSk9/  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 kqyVUfX$3  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 l~cT]E
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 |{)SLvlJl  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 &DUt`Dr w  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 .JkcCEe{G  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Yh^~4S?  
    End Dialog 6[iuCMOZ  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog BkZmE,  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) aWtyY[=  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 0O_ac
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        Print "Execution cancelled." VW," dmC  
        End E~k_4z%M  
    End If lDBn3U&z>  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty @(;zU~l/  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 'yrU_k,h  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation Dg:2*m_!j{  
    Else ;p$KM-?2D  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) #gHs!b-g@  
    End If m{~p(sQL  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then o*d+W7l  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter b[mAkm?9+1  
    Else g{]C@,W  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) kO1.27D  
    End If /MHml0u  
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    Print " " Iy2KOv@a5  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" pO2Y'1*  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" d|nJp-%V  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 3`W=rIMli  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness cqr4P`Oj  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens dWg09sx  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 3,7SGt r  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 8Z^9r/%*Z  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens `#X\@?'5  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ,gvv297  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction *1Q~/<W  

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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation o0f{ePZ=  
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    '************************************************************************* Rh:@@4<  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) LLa72HW  
    '************************************************************************* 71nI`.Z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) yAge2m]<B  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity =h`yc$ A(2  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) D"5uN0Z  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ql|ksios  
    count = 0 F<KUVe  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Cg~GlZk}  
        GetOperation eID, count, op tkN5|95  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :d&^//9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ]5!}S-uJq  
            count=count-1 L5E|1T  
        End If LD'eq\vO  
        count=count+1 ' 9K4A'2[  
    Wend ERql^Yr  
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    'Set new shift in mP1EWh|  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" f}4bnu3  
    op.val1 = taq CC(At.dd  
    op.parent = parID |@}Yady@C  
    AddOperation eID, op l7{Xy_66  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 )PM&x   
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    '************************************************************************* Ab]`*h\U  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens a0vg%Z@!  
    '************************************************************************* $1Lm=2;U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) OygR5s +  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic H.8f-c-4we  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant %fS__Tb#u  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant f0 ;Fokt(  
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    '************************************************************************* 3Mvm'T:[  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens MEOVw[hO  
    '************************************************************************* REyk,s2"6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) sqAZjfy@  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic YTiXUOj  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost V!eq)L  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost D ^ mfWJS  
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    '************************************************************************* r!qr'Ht<  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) mL!)(Bb  
    '************************************************************************* '
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -}liG  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ,tdV-9N[O  
    count = 0 n'<FH<x  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <&n\)R4C1  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ;&|MNN^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then AxD&_GT  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6 ufF34tA  
            count=count-1 \tLfB[S.5  
        End If YT)jBS~&  
        count=count+1 5*.JXxE;U  
    Wend DKd:tL24&  
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    'Set new z-shift ar-N4+!@  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?Y:>Ouv*z'  
    op.val1 = tlens d ] J5c  
    op.parent = parID ZK=`Y@  
    AddOperation eID, op k"*A@  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ac8+?FpK #  
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    '************************************************************************* [:cy.K!Uo%  
    'Lens index of refraction h J*2q"  
    '************************************************************************* dLV>FpA\  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 9oOr-9t3  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat #0K122oY  
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    mat.Nd = nlens [O) Q\|k  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 0PiD<*EA  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 1#KE4(  
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    '************************************************************************* )<_e{_h  
    'Pupil diameter +Y7"!wYR>  
    '************************************************************************* @" -[@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) lTl-<
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) -+^E5  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ~b.C[s  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ~p9nAACU  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?P<8Zw
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ,BGaJ|k  
    count = 0 eko$c,&jY  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lX^yd5M&f  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 8ZYF%  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then q)Qd+:a7{  
            DeleteOperation eID,count V`F]L^m=L  
            count=count-1 PL;PId<9w  
        End If wR)U&da`@  
        count=count+1 13+f ^  
    Wend S8+G
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" <g/Z(<{wor  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 yV;_]_EO  
    op.parent = parID O=2"t%Gc  
    AddOperation eID, op 6Vr:?TI7  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam uB;\nj5'D  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ;+d2qbGd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) " 3ryp A  
    GetEntity eID, entity sL;  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ]r]=Q"/5  
    SetEntity eID, entity ~ ZkSYW<  
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    Update 6N7^`ghTf  
    Print "DONE!" Ancka  
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End Sub QqpXUyHp[  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 3>Ne_kY  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters |wef[|@%  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm wrORyj  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ~353x%e'  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 R^[b I;  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Zo
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 GJpQcse%  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 >bgx o<  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Or {9?;G  
DONE! h-0#h/u>M  
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