[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 X#VEA=4{  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 T
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模型 II&<  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 miPmpu!  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ]Uu aN8  
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光源 c$/<l5Uw  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 >;m{{nj  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 t~q?lT  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 $-C
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视网膜的散射 !W(`<d]68:  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 J, r Xx:  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 yk`)
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脚本 *G\=i A  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Q]^Yi1PbS  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 (V8?,G>  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 .5]{M\aA  
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分析 }{A?PHV5  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 UUGe"]V^g:  
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脚本代码 q1jN]H  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. my4\mi6P  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY &/iFnYVhy  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Ms,@t^nk  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL an.`dBm  
Dim A As Double -( (Z@T1k  
Dim pupilDiam As Double I ld7}R
 
Dim eID As Long xFU5\Zuw  
Dim parID As Long !
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Dim count As Integer _!%M%  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double H@Q`  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double aTG[=)xL  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double yZ5x88>  
Dim ok As Long o_(0  
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Sub Main f0u56I9  
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    '用户输入对话框 h07eEg  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 "9%qbMB  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 %EWq2'/5  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 qfa}3k8et  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Hv8H.^D>  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 'u1=XX h  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 mTJ"l(,3  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4
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    End Dialog !VFem~'d  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Y+@g~TE  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) u0g*O]Y  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed "
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        Print "Execution cancelled." ,z G(u 1  
        End jWSb5#Pw  
    End If yjFe'  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty gJk[Ja  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 2kVp_=c  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation @C=M UT-!  
    Else XGhw
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) IkU|W3Vo  
    End If
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then rd" &QB{  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /BT1oWi1y  
    Else R:f7LRF/\  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) "$DldHC  
    End If gB >pd?d  
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    Print " " G5;V.#"Z[  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" +6oG@  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" P5Dk63z]  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation c.0]1  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness _ eiF@G  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ).Gd1pE  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens #%8 w
  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens E(;i>   
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens q#'VJA:A5&  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness # 66e@  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 8YKQItK  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation N Bz%(?\  
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    '************************************************************************* Ihqs
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 0;<OYbm3<  
    '************************************************************************* JGgxAd{L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) :<%vE!$  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity K:_($
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Yf=FeH7"  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z bE4HDq34  
    count = 0 SK-W%t  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count dhtb?n{  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 'F7VM?HBfg  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 
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            DeleteOperation eID,count L=g_@b  
            count=count-1 eO[c lB  
        End If uw"*zBxl  
        count=count+1 e "n
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    Wend )8'jxiGs  
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    'Set new shift in " '[hr$h3  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" /< QSe  
    op.val1 = taq
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    op.parent = parID l"5y?jT  
    AddOperation eID, op a:}E& ,&M  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 j3P$@<  
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    '************************************************************************* z6cYC,  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Y`^o7'Z2^P  
    '************************************************************************* gQ+9xTd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) &O*ENpF  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic eEP( ).
 
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant pBU]=[M0  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant kFwxK"n@C  
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    '************************************************************************* ?d
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens hVf^  
    '************************************************************************* >qpqQ; bm  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) lD3)TAW@o  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >UWStzH<  

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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost iRs V#s  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ^1VbH3M  

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    '************************************************************************* c/'M#h)"  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 
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    '************************************************************************* r0Z+RB^I  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) i|4_m  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) |D<+X^0'  
    count = 0 sg$4G:l  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count KZ )Ys  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \ 3G*j`  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then MS{{R+&  
            DeleteOperation eID,count
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            count=count-1 g@u;Y5  
        End If H"D5e  
        count=count+1 0!_*S )  
    Wend (3O1?n[n  
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    'Set new z-shift r--;yEjWE  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" u~
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    op.val1 = tlens 4>_d3_1sn  
    op.parent = parID g}r^Xzd;  
    AddOperation eID, op G/(*foT8SE  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens XHQh4W3  
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    '************************************************************************* !.X_/$c  
    'Lens index of refraction #TATqzA  
    '************************************************************************* e?=elN  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) v F[CWV.  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Pw xIz  
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    mat.Nd = nlens L$}g3{  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat |*E"G5WZM  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 8}z3CuM  
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    '************************************************************************* PY-+Bf  
    'Pupil diameter gQR1$n0  
    '************************************************************************* =)*JbwQ   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) %YCd%lAe,  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) hHEPNR[.  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ls]H6z*q  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens >b43%^yii  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) piuKVU  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 2Y;!$0_rv  
    count = 0 "uhV|Lk*7  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0\wiam-  
        GetOperation eID, count, op '=@r7g.2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /n8psj  
            DeleteOperation eID,count e/@29  
            count=count-1 <tW:LU(!  
        End If "Y(^F bs  
        count=count+1 3&9zGy{V+  
    Wend ?} X}#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" avy=0Jmj  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ENyAF%6  
    op.parent = parID $l#{_~ "m7  
    AddOperation eID, op VWD.J  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam FF3&Y^+^"  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ZYDWv/u  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5A,=vE  
    GetEntity eID, entity 9N1#V K  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" /W0E(8:C)  
    SetEntity eID, entity .<dOED{v  
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    Update
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    Print "DONE!" p;e$kg1  
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End Sub SXh?U,5u  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： jiq2x\\!  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters "8?TSm8  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm h(|;\~  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 yYk|YX(7U  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ,m:6qdN  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 egWx9xX  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ]/[0O+B?  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 qS|AdkNL  
Set pupil diameter = 4 KD=bkZ&  
DONE! fzyzuS$  
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