[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 T%KZV/  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 e\k=T}  
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模型 _C&2-tnp  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 u1ggLH!U  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. q>%KIBh(  
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光源 HW"|Hm$Y(  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 - P1OD)B  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ^T)HRT-k  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 O!lZ%j@%  
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视网膜的散射 V z8o  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。  ^vYH"2  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 {^Vkxf
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脚本 (8qMF{  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： JaXT B"e  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 BdG~y1%:  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Z%y>q|:  
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分析 a57Y9.H`o  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 iN"kv   
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脚本代码 >E|@3g +2  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ^G[xQcM73  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY lTvI;zy  
Dim op As T_OPERATION zIi|z}WJ  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =dHM)OXD"  
Dim A As Double WM.JoQ  
Dim pupilDiam As Double S 3Tp__  
Dim eID As Long (8TB*BhQ_  
Dim parID As Long {(w/_C9  
Dim count As Integer K~H)XJFF  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double PBbJfm  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double <|cnQj*  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double }=z_3JfO  
Dim ok As Long 'C8VD+p  
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Sub Main ]>E*s3h  
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    '用户输入对话框 "^F#oo%L  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 SUINV_>7  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 '$YB -  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 U&y
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 15+>W4v  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 E0!}~Z)  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 `uM:>  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 z8_m<uewz  
    End Dialog seC]=UJh#>  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 4sasf94  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) I|9(*tq)  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Q1jU{  
        Print "Execution cancelled." @X4Ur+d  
        End PElC0qCn[  
    End If ."&,_F  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty <nlZ?~
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then rl4B(NZi}  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ig<Eyr  
    Else Tm(XM<  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) :i_818h!?[  
    End If _x&;Fa%  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then wwrP7T+d  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter dU1w)Y  
    Else W^npzgDCo  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) :,gnOfV=  
    End If c[\ :^w^I6  
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    Print " " mbB,j~;^6H  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" x;)bp7
 
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ;Pf |\q  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness =M'M/vKD  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens HM57b>
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens A'r 3%mC  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens kP~'C'5Ys  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 59mNb:<  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness bwo-9B  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction @)PA9P |  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation !+T\}1f7d  
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    '************************************************************************* 6hDK;J J&  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) @)s;u}H  
    '************************************************************************* fHhm)T8KB  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) uw!  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity h07Z.q ;  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) sqTBlP  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z J$6h%Eyo  
    count = 0 w}+#w8hu  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count GslUN% UJr  
        GetOperation eID, count, op j_N><_Jc  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [ []'U'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count xw_VK1  
            count=count-1 ?xEQ'(UBQ  
        End If {Hncm  
        count=count+1 SY\ UuZ  
    Wend (ii6w d<*  
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    'Set new shift in HR)Dz~Obw  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" pRI<L'  
    op.val1 = taq mr:;Wwd  
    op.parent = parID RtVy^~=G  
    AddOperation eID, op ~3byAL  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 O@JgVdgf  
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    '************************************************************************* )E;+C2G  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ~RcI+jR)  
    '************************************************************************* 1d/-SxhZ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ]jbQou@  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Q'-V\G)11  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant h(}$-'g  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Eu/~4:XN  
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    '************************************************************************* `$og]Dn;  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens $=dp)  
    '************************************************************************* a*LT<N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) u] C/RDTH  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic u@|izRk  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 9pPb]v,6  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost _XT],"  
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    '************************************************************************* RjS;Ck@;  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) o(xRq;i  
    '************************************************************************* =Y`P}vI]w%  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) `5 py6,  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) mv@cGdxu  
    count = 0 ?pgdj|"a  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <hi@$.u_Q^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ( Lj{V}^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then +|.}oL^}G  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 5 e:Urv77  
            count=count-1 ;t47cUm6j  
        End If \m-fLX  
        count=count+1 Gd
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    Wend &tY3nr  
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    'Set new z-shift {Z[
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" rQiX7  
    op.val1 = tlens Z=%+U _,  
    op.parent = parID \8\)5#?  
    AddOperation eID, op -_=0PW5{  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens v+-f pl&  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Lens index of refraction <%eY>E  
    '************************************************************************* kg[u@LgvoN  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 'Z2:u!E  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat EM/NT/  
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    mat.Nd = nlens jB }O6u[%  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 7t-j2 n`<  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 9@AGx<S1  
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    '************************************************************************* M,V+bt  
    'Pupil diameter 70_T;K6  
    '************************************************************************* J5LP#o(V  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Vzy]N6QT{  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) (^GVy=  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" '|^LNAx  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens /^96|  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -Hzn7L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) FzmCS@yA  
    count = 0 >(z{1'f{  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count qG"|,bA  
        GetOperation eID, count, op iU^ 4a  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2'g< H-[  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Hxr2Q]c?u  
            count=count-1 q!W~>c!  
        End If n
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        count=count+1 j)\&#g0u6  
    Wend ~WuElns  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Qu]0BVIe  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 475yX-A  
    op.parent = parID mm$D1=h{|  
    AddOperation eID, op RBx`<iBe  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam !s,<hU#  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description kFv\V   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1=#r$H  
    GetEntity eID, entity V5rnI\:7  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" T
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    SetEntity eID, entity <mHptgd
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    Update t )Z2"_5  
    Print "DONE!" 3DK^S2\zBm  
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End Sub %9M; MK  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： +C;ZO6%w  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters OdQ>h$ gZ  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 7^sU/3z  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 0vG}c5;F  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 OfTcF_%  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 *wt yyP@  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 g|<)J-`Q  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 2BH>TmS  
Set pupil diameter = 4 sxL;o>{  
DONE! P@9>4}r$  
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