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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 wEIAU  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?;Ge/~QU5  
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    模型 2<+9lk  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 3.I:`>;EO  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. =Qw`F0t  
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    光源 hlTM<E  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 qQ UCK  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 #Y9~ Xp^.  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 IPT\d^|f  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光  ,L}  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 nB1[OB{  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 3R sbi  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ]hL `HP  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 O+^l>+ZGj?  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Io81zA  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ~<?+(V^D  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 L:ox$RU  
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    分析 Oist>A$Z  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 q`l%NE  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 NYoh6AR  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. -.>b7ui  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 'edd6yTd  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION  jIMT&5k  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL s\k4<d5  
    Dim A As Double >VQP,J{  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ]ZD W+<  
    Dim eID As Long vU:FDkx*nn  
    Dim parID As Long ] rP^  
    Dim count As Integer X0\2qD  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double M7O5uW`  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double xpJ6M<O{8  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 6`>WO_<z  
    Dim ok As Long h%9>js^~  
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    Sub Main u3"0K['3  
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        '用户输入对话框 :!SVpCt3  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 5s=ZA*(sY  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Mbj{C  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 P=.yXirm?  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 {:D8@jb[  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 J**-q(>  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 y$ L@!r/s  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 lO (MF  
        End Dialog <G9HVMiP  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog skd3E4  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) N~""Lc&  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed f9" M^i  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 6:fHPlqW  
            End 8 #m,TOp  
        End If [>2iz  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty wMW."gM|  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then /C[Q?  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation b< dwf[  
        Else |r U?  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 8a,uM :  
        End If `D%U5Jb  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then t@&U2JaL>W  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ]9 JLu8GO  
        Else GM~Ek] 9C%  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ~WjK'N4n5  
        End If ){nOM$W  
    !*?|*\B^I  
        Print " " \,AE5hnO  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" jIL+^{K<  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ]\C wa9  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ;p(I0X  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness C09rgEB\B  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 6MD9DqD  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ?u?Nhf %b  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ELN1F0TneH  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;/h&40&  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness !X[P)/?b0+  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction *mJ\Tzc)  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation .OpG2P  
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        '************************************************************************* *Fg)`M3g  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) <}p]0iA  
        '************************************************************************* @__m>8wn  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9SBTeJ$RZ  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity -@tj0OHg  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) RW<10:  
    Hz"FGwd  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 2 :4o`o  
        count = 0 wmA TV/  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~>H,~</`  
            GetOperation eID, count, op (HXKa][T  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then r8tW)"?  
                DeleteOperation eID,count [1Aoj|  
                count=count-1 w!pj);jy{  
            End If qg/FI#r  
            count=count+1 {<$tEj:  
        Wend B]NcY&A  
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        'Set new shift in l^^Z}3^Rk  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" m] yUcj{F  
        op.val1 = taq '"+Gn52#  
        op.parent = parID _#1EbvO*l  
        AddOperation eID, op /i dI-  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 %#o@c  
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        '************************************************************************* $)nPj_h  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens lU%oU&P/"S  
        '************************************************************************* F3K<-JK+  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) J[05T1  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic HI{h>g T  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant IN@o9pUjV  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant # S/n3  
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        '************************************************************************* zy%0;%  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens YK[2KTlo  
        '************************************************************************* ul~6zBKO   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Rnoz[1y?0  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0%< hj  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 6Q\|8a  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost KO7&dM  
    9r+'DX?>  
        '************************************************************************* ~;]kqYIJ  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Y#Q!mbp  
        '************************************************************************* }:{9!RMO  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) XVqkw@Ia4!  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 7l$ u.[  
        count = 0 {|hg3R~A  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2"?DaX  
            GetOperation eID, count, op bEj}J_#  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gSw4\R  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 8Th,C{  
                count=count-1 @XolFOL"f"  
            End If %Z<{CV  
            count=count+1 /+J nEFf  
        Wend hHmm(~5gR  
    `*B0n>ol,  
        'Set new z-shift "Kp#Lx  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" !hZ: \&V  
        op.val1 = tlens d8vf kV B  
        op.parent = parID aIFlNS,y  
        AddOperation eID, op 0&|0l>wy.  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens t4#gW$+^?H  
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        '************************************************************************* K&%CeUa  
        'Lens index of refraction m!Z<\2OP  
        '************************************************************************* h#O9TB  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) !2.BLJE>  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat DbH;DcV7  
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        mat.Nd = nlens ebI2gEu;a  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat `8W HVC$  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens &H;,,7u  
    T2<%[AF0  
        '************************************************************************* *PnO$q@`  
        'Pupil diameter iOURS  
        '************************************************************************* \(P?=] -  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Ha-]U:Vcx  
    )e?&'wa>  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) nPXP9wmh4x  
    \6SjJ]o>  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Blzvn19'h  
    F =e9o*z  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ALTOi?  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 70c]|5  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 43AzNXWF8  
        count = 0 ,sAAV%" >  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }<A.zwB<i  
            GetOperation eID, count, op edp I?  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then jn V=giBu  
                DeleteOperation eID,count !g]5y=  
                count=count-1 4Lt9Dx1  
            End If =WY'n l'  
            count=count+1 {g%N(2  
        Wend eTx9fx w  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;yt6Yp.6e  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 U8Y%rFh1  
        op.parent = parID z5fE<=<X_W  
        AddOperation eID, op )Fv.eIBY  
    VyxYv-$Y  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam |NfFe*q0;8  
    `Y?VQ~ci>  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description crM5&L9zF  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^&eF916H  
        GetEntity eID, entity X,|8Wpi=  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" &n  k)F<  
        SetEntity eID, entity QO'Hyf t  
    Q Q3<)i  
        Update M5`v^>  
        Print "DONE!" {[o NUzcd  
         c|Ivet>3  
    End Sub ")|/\ w,  
    @YI{E*?S  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: 7=l~fKu  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters #aP#r4$  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm n1f8jS+'}  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 &GP(yj]  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 _\WR3Q!V  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 .G8`Ut Z  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 m!V,W*RNr  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 o PSPb(.  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 !vSI"$xd  
    DONE! Ds`e-X)O;\  
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    QQ:2987619807 FOTe, F.8  
     
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