[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 {z@vSQ=)=P  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?O4Dhu  
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模型 y(.WK8  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 z('93vsO  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. +6<MK;  
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光源 [$[t.
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 n4."}DO  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 od^ha  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Rz=]K
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视网膜的散射 qWE
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 HqYaQ~Dth  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 :L`z~/6  
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脚本 bjT0Fi0-  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： +'#d*r91@  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 W2^eE9  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 n.1a1Tf  
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分析 ^E:;8h4$9  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 n,HWVo>([  
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脚本代码 _v$mGZpGY  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ]iNSa{G  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ?5GjH~  
Dim op As T_OPERATION dO8Z {
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL &Y#9~
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Dim A As Double [FCNW0NV  
Dim pupilDiam As Double _%L3?PpF"  
Dim eID As Long 3=K-+dhk|t  
Dim parID As Long }oU&J81  
Dim count As Integer Sv>aZ  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 1Gqtd^*;  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double QB@*/Le   
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double  C3<3  
Dim ok As Long !EW]:u  
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Sub Main q;AQ6k(  
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    '用户输入对话框 'V>+G>U  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 OB^  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 -OW$  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 {Y/  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 6/n;u{|  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 _j2`#|oG  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 SMy&K[hJ[  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 V('b|gsEo  
    End Dialog [a Z)*L ;  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog QMsnfG  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) M<L<mP}  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed r\1*N.O3|O  
        Print "Execution cancelled." {38aaf|'/  
        End *>#cs#)  
    End If z&:[.B  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty wb?hfe  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then D|BN_ai9  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ZN1p>+oY!  
    Else 8]L.E  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) <wA_2S Y  
    End If 4NzHzn  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then !6%mt}h  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter LH8?0N[  
    Else :({<"H)!'  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) `fRy"44nR  
    End If G@'0vYb#  
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    Print " " g:)vthOs  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" /l`XJs  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" |q>Mw-=  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation b(VU{cf2d  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness GwycSb1  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens I6fpXPP).  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens {MtB!x  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens E6gEP0b  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens V Y3{1Dlf  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +g[B &A!d+  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction :&%;s*-9  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Z^l!y5s/H  
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    '************************************************************************* Y<+4>Eh  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) t;]egk  
    '************************************************************************* /z5lxS@#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #77UKYj2L-  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity SS~Q;
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) yh:,[<q  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z G#:!wI  
    count = 0 Oy&'zigJ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <^Tj}5)n  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 02[II_< 1  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ArYF\7P  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Y,yaB)&Ih  
            count=count-1 o}A #-  
        End If ~S6{VK.  
        count=count+1 T6$<o\g'  
    Wend D3xaR  
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    'Set new shift in <h=M Rw,l  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 63S1ed[  
    op.val1 = taq :$aW@?zAY  
    op.parent = parID L@r.R_*H?s  
    AddOperation eID, op 17)M.(qmuP  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 HW726K*
 
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    '************************************************************************* ,~xU>L^  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]ECZU  
    '************************************************************************* ;;!{m(;LS}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Rk%M~D*-  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic dY<#a,eS  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant rVy\,#|  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant v:MS0]  
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    '************************************************************************* [!?,TGM}^  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens [9om"'  
    '************************************************************************* ZHlin#"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Z(mn U;9{v  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic .oj"ru  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost g/Jj]X#r  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost #0^3Wm`X;  
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    '************************************************************************* a=.db&;vY  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) n "KJB  
    '************************************************************************* !a(qqZ|s  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0C+yq'D~[  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ({kGK0
 
    count = 0 ?>jA
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count D.R|HqZ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op zMzf=~  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `Mn{bd  
            DeleteOperation eID,count X/,1]  
            count=count-1 {_ho!OS>  
        End If 4*XP;`  
        count=count+1 a 8hv.43  
    Wend rI66frbj  
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    'Set new z-shift OGi4m |  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ae#HA[\0G  
    op.val1 = tlens B m@oB2x)  
    op.parent = parID 'a/6]%QFd!  
    AddOperation eID, op G%8)6m'3
 
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens RyQ\5^z  
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    '************************************************************************* h8= MVh(I  
    'Lens index of refraction ~K#_'Ldrd  
    '************************************************************************* \3(|c#c  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ?CW^*So  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat qMdtJ(gq  
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    mat.Nd = nlens _KhEwd  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 'j<:FUDJ  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 0/00W6r0  
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    '************************************************************************* m>-^K  
    'Pupil diameter ^AjYe<RU}  
    '************************************************************************* '"fU2M<.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) L5qCv -{  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) z0Z\d  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;0Ct\[eh  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens GE8D3V;*V  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) e5>5/l]jsg  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) vH?+JN"A  
    count = 0 0m YZ7S5g  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xBE RCO^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %f> |fs  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Up/u|A$0V  
            DeleteOperation eID,count cwWSNm|  
            count=count-1 73s3-DS,  
        End If N7HbOLpM  
        count=count+1 L[D/#0qp  
    Wend 6v2RS  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2*FWIHyf  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ?(NT!es  
    op.parent = parID QOh w  
    AddOperation eID, op zEPx  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam HSr"M.k5  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description p`<e~[]a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B-ri}PA  
    GetEntity eID, entity e"s{_V  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Th;gps%b  
    SetEntity eID, entity kG;eOp16R  
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    Update ekl?K~  
    Print "DONE!" R!V5-0%  
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End Sub U3|&Jee  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ox\B3U%`p}  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 6PQJgki  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm mcz(,u}  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 =
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 4<3?al&  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Z*vpQBbu  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 +Sdx8 Z5  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 \{MrQ2jd  
Set pupil diameter = 4 +.gf]|  
DONE! Q&.IlVB[  
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