[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 M1k_ldP  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 /qq*"R  
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模型 vXSA_"0t  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 xc05G
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 6Bd:R}yZP7  
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光源 hv#LKyp%  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 <]#_&Na  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 h CV(O2jL  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 B[f:T%  
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视网膜的散射 N[DKA1Ei  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 _0\wyjjU  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 n
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脚本 a+9
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： k^s7s{  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 bZ+Hu~  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 em ]0^otM  
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分析 8p/&_<mnW  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 wqX!7rD/g)  
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脚本代码 -9s&OKo`({  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. >bO}s
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY )S@TYzdAN  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Dkg-y9  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n

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Dim A As Double qx?0]!x  
Dim pupilDiam As Double zWF[cf>'  
Dim eID As Long WOYN% 0#  
Dim parID As Long 9; aOUs:<  
Dim count As Integer <*ME&cgh4  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double th{Ib@o  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 2rS`ViicD  
Dim ok As Long 7q#R,\  
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Sub Main zogl2e+  
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    '用户输入对话框 -TNb=2en(  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 =~k#<q1^  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 #ePtfRzJ  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Z. xOO|  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 f!cYLU1e@  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 {9nH#yv  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 A$::|2~  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 (Lkcx06e  
    End Dialog MQo/R,F }  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog h)X"<a++N  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 3lefB A7  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -Vjrh/@  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ;k,#o!>  
        End XILreATK@  
    End If qW9~S0sl  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty "pQ)5/e  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then +^|=MK%  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation XWf1c ~J  
    Else RjGJfN{  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) tS3{y*yi  
    End If Q;2n  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ,V ) |A=ml  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter -AM(-
  
    Else SfGl*2  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) C+aL8_(R  
    End If *nV*WUS3  
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    Print " " $6*6%T5}  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" f^@DuI  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" b("M8}o  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation lQf38u||  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness #CNK [y  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens  7D\:i1~  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens YiTVy/  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Cg];UB}k  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ,qK3 3Bn  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness fO 6Jug  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction p!H'JNG  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 2D'$  
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    '************************************************************************* E6s)J -a  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 5HW'nhE  
    '************************************************************************* j@Y'>3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 7uxUqM  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity \CZD.2p#&  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) d\j[O9W>  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z )LjW=;(b  
    count = 0 mD go@f  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :a'[4w  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,*d<hBGbh  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %p8#pt\$7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [^eQGv[S  
            count=count-1 V8"m_  
        End If m-MfFEZ  
        count=count+1 rtZEK:.#  
    Wend t-VU&.Y  
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    'Set new shift in L_Lhmtm}m  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 4LkW`Sbm  
    op.val1 = taq )5/,B-+O"  
    op.parent = parID ,^uQw/  
    AddOperation eID, op -^&NwLEv=  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 cOvdC4   
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    '************************************************************************* U\x$@J  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens tlpTq\;  
    '************************************************************************* ,V.Bzf%=O  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) {&0u:  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic W|AK"vf  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant eizni\  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant s|9[=JMG  
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    '************************************************************************* ANq3r(  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens IT:8k5(L5j  
    '************************************************************************* kKz>
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" )  r74' _y  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /<T3^/ '  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost uXo?  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 't3&,:Y  
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    '************************************************************************* g1&>.V}!  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) lAJP X  
    '************************************************************************* bO+]1nZ.  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) }}u16x}*n  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) uo-1.[9ds  
    count = 0 /|>?!;  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #R*7y%cO  
        GetOperation eID, count, op jhH&}d9  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ox9M![fC  
            DeleteOperation eID,count }j;G`mV2  
            count=count-1 tX~*.W:  
        End If _t?#
 
        count=count+1 _@OS,A  
    Wend =hi{J M  
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    'Set new z-shift rk &ME#<r  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" o^v]d7I8b  
    op.val1 = tlens l-$5CO  
    op.parent = parID 4)?s?+  
    AddOperation eID, op {h0T_8L/  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ToM1#]4  
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    '************************************************************************* gubw&W  
    'Lens index of refraction pMd!Jl#(N  
    '************************************************************************* D-LQQ{!D5  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) eL88lV]I  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat uSUog+i  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ~Z' /b|x<3  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat %>Mcme>(W  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens oaG;i51!  
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    '************************************************************************* \1<8'at  
    'Pupil diameter [xo-ZDIoG  
    '************************************************************************* `t3w|%La}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) .S[M:<<*  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) a%r(
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" kQD~v+u{`  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Mh]4K"cs  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *#83U?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Zs2;VW4RW  
    count = 0 XbIxGL  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /sr.MT
 
        GetOperation eID, count, op %OOy90b2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (L`IL e*  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 5E^P2Mlc  
            count=count-1 j{
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        End If 8ib e#jlg  
        count=count+1 MavidkS  
    Wend #j'7\SV  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (t5vBUj  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 mYbu1542'n  
    op.parent = parID VFq
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    AddOperation eID, op /9
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ;@qQ^!g2  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Q-J} :U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Wr`<bLq1vs  
    GetEntity eID, entity +mN8uU~(kx  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 9<.8mW^68  
    SetEntity eID, entity zEh&@{u?  
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    Update 5t|$Yt[  
    Print "DONE!" \+Y5b}  
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End Sub
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： E {UhM q7  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ,6ae='=d  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm BwAmNW&i  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 9'p*7o  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 :s1.TQ;Y(  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 &%tW  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 JsEnhE}]  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 w$j6!z  
Set pupil diameter = 4 bl{W{?QI  
DONE! loUZD=Ph  
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