[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 L{f0r!d|  
`sdbo](76  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Kv5 !cll5  
FGMYpapc~  
模型 $KRpu<5i}  
O St~P^1  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 $xcU*?=K  
0a$hK9BH  
cpq0'x\  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. XC[AJ!q`  
vO;:~  
光源 5zJ#d}%}S"  
d$D3iv^hyx  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 u"q!p5P%q  
L
~M6ca"  
#=fd8}9  
XKBQH(  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 t2-bw6U  
t-hN4WKH_A  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 U,2\ TBz  
g;nPF*(  
xe1xP@e?  
@aoHz8K  
视网膜的散射 q'[yYPDX5x  
;Uj=rS`Q  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 4d]T`  
j98>Jr\  
A$'rT|>se  
JA?P jo  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 %$(*.o!+8  
#w]:<R^  
"j+=py`  
~Ywto
 
脚本 KA{Y*m^7  
6n.C!,Zmn  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： DO=zxdTI!  
cM+s)4TPL  
ki_Py5  
(AgM7H0  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 |(1z ?Spbe  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 cd*F;h  
J3=^+/g  
分析 `Df)wNN1  
I'RhA\`  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 9Lxa?Y1  
~C],?X(zk  
?IV3"\5  
脚本代码 !xh.S#B  
faaFmEC  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. w6l8RNRe  
fN
aS?tV)  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY  ^'c[HVJ  
Dim op As T_OPERATION '=vD!6=0@  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL }Pe0zx.Ge  
Dim A As Double H23-%+*J  
Dim pupilDiam As Double
Vg4N7i  
Dim eID As Long :<Y, f(c  
Dim parID As Long ^cF_z}Zi+  
Dim count As Integer :Keek-E`e=  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 2s@<k1EdPl  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double U_c.Z{lC4  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double gG.b=DvzY  
Dim ok As Long ff9D{$V5  
$n?@zd@53  
Sub Main R nf$  
5rpTR  
    '用户输入对话框 q\g|K3V)  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @'EU\Y\l  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 9n"
D/NZB  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 m[FH>  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 xTW$9>@\m  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 @bj3N  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 mmG+"g$|  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 7Z/KXc[b  
    End Dialog >;.'$-  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog H`;q@  
kMz^37IFMG  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) C. Hr  
,9W|$2=F  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed =FXZcP>h  
        Print "Execution cancelled." SablF2doa  
        End q}#4bB9  
    End If dk9'C  
hYMo5?  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty #B3P3\  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then -Fe))Y'=  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation I|*w?i*  
    Else Re{vO&.  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) `r:n[N=Y&  
    End If CD'.bFO^+T  
7Rf${Wv0  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ^b]h4z$  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter c-L1 Bkw  
    Else 6;g"`l51  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Y9)
uy 8c  
    End If >M\3tB2C  
I65W^b4y  
    Print " " ;x*_h  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" )B86  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" m?]XNgT  
dMw0Aw,2]8  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation J2M[aibV  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness IdsPB)k_  
)DS|mM)  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens _s/5oRHA  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens /G`'9cD  
"#d>3M_  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ?32gug\i'}  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens '`#sOH  
t%$>  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ]3xb Q1  
59;p|  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Tji G!W8  
FA}dKE=c Q  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation zrqQcnx9(m  
,iKL 68  
    '************************************************************************* 5\MCk"R!  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) B8){  
    '************************************************************************* 038|>l-9[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 6ge,2[PU  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity +>b~nK>M
 
e5/f%4YX  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?/Bp8q(  
A dNQS  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 1 !N+hf  
    count = 0 3mI(5~4A]?  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9K]Li\  
        GetOperation eID, count, op f;AQw_{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ah5`
Cnv  
            DeleteOperation eID,count x3j)'`=15  
            count=count-1 TPjElBh  
        End If cZB?_[Cp  
        count=count+1 !6Sr*a*5  
    Wend xeo5)  
vS#Y,H:yAj  
    'Set new shift in LhN?j5XqM  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]_!5g3VQh  
    op.val1 = taq zl?Gd4  
    op.parent = parID ,E8:!r)6  
    AddOperation eID, op gD}lDK6N  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 [D
r'  
?VUU[h8"v5  
    '************************************************************************* %b8ig1  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens S$~T8_m^U  
    '************************************************************************* :G3PdQb^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) t1Ty.F)r  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ~s3X&!#   
hkS0ae  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant uX82q.u_y  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 52X[{  
s7(NFX
5  
    '************************************************************************* " pg5w  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 5&59IA%S  
    '************************************************************************* E}?n^Zf  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) O52B  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic WC&V9Yk  
5;WESk  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 2IfcdYG  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost @c;XwU]2t  
l k~Vv
Rq  
    '************************************************************************* @477|LO
  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) QZwUv<*  
    '************************************************************************* (,nQ7,2EX  
5 [GdFd>{  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) vIq>QXb;d  
eELLnU{"  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ]rNM3@bVy  
    count = 0 o,r72>|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count WK2YHJ*$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op "SMRvi57T  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then rY?]pMp  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ()'yY^   
            count=count-1 CvOji1  
        End If 6Qc *:(GE  
        count=count+1 ~,^pya  
    Wend scc+r  
Ew< sK9[o  
    'Set new z-shift LZ=E  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" CMhl*dH  
    op.val1 = tlens g5&ZXA  
    op.parent = parID v[Mh[CyB  
    AddOperation eID, op I K9plsd*  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens h
5)4Z^n  
rF^H\U:w  
    '************************************************************************* "xI70c{  
    'Lens index of refraction O*SJx
.  
    '************************************************************************* 5'<J@3B  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) iv!;gMco  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 7|@FN7]5NF  
po! [Nd&"  
    mat.Nd = nlens QBYY1)6S,  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat `w8Ejm?n  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens R+*-i+]Q#7  
gB<1;_KW  
    '************************************************************************* <)$e*HrI  
    'Pupil diameter q _INGCJ  
    '************************************************************************* X:#}E7]j  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) <@S'vcO  
m@i](1*T|  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) `_iK`^(-  
aCRiW;+'  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" @?n~v^  
cy64xR BB  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens x%yzhIRR  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) K3*-lO:A9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) {1"kZL  
    count = 0 l( WF  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^/ff)'.J  
        GetOperation eID, count, op :u,Ji9 u  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0 wjL=]X1e  
            DeleteOperation eID,count LVaJyI@/>  
            count=count-1 %$<v:eMAs  
        End If .~a.mT  
        count=count+1 ;S9 z@`a.  
    Wend v t_lM  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" *kt|CXxAS8  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 bXz*g`=;  
    op.parent = parID oe*fgk/o9  
    AddOperation eID, op FJp<J  
gXj3=N(l  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam OI,F,4e  
~}_
S]^br  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description I.gF38Mx  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) WR9-HPF  
    GetEntity eID, entity Ou_2UT  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 3V]08  
    SetEntity eID, entity C';Dc4j  
rA|&G'
  
    Update 7*kTu0m  
    Print "DONE!" ^U6VJ(58P  
     *qJHoP;  
End Sub ,z01*Yx  
3F8KF`*  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： <Zo{D |hW  
 Xb~i?T;f  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters Byh!Snoe  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ,*sKr)9)  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 \8)FVpS  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 B2:GGZ|jS  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 eF(oHn,  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 uvRX{q4  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 k/M{2Po+
 
Set pupil diameter = 4 kZ0z]Y  
DONE! Ml,in49  
KP`Pzx   
mYqLqezAA  
QQ：2987619807 VFK]{!C_