[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 n!y}p q6  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 n0kkUc-`   
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模型 }sS1p6z  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 AkRZUj\  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. J*O$)K%Hx  
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光源 X+XbIbUuL  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Fgg4QF  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 -2Azpeh  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 B 9AE*  
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视网膜的散射 |1(9_=i'  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 #`H^8/!e  
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脚本 3 e9fziQ~  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 2=l!b/m  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ?RD)a`y51  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 QYL ';  
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分析 (8(z42  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 }`9}Q O  
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脚本代码 :I}_  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. :Y[r^=>  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY +6{KrREX)  
Dim op As T_OPERATION T<0Bq"'%  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL K9*#H(
  
Dim A As Double (Rk g  
Dim pupilDiam As Double FBPT@`~v  
Dim eID As Long !2N#H~{  
Dim parID As Long ca_8S8lv  
Dim count As Integer #|8!0]n'  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ;.h5; `&  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3;`93TO{  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double `#X{
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Dim ok As Long hGF(E*  
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Sub Main XI,F^K  
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    '用户输入对话框 P"u*bqk  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 JCZJ\f*EZ  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 p$@=N6)I.k  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 6#5@d^a  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 [:!#F7O-  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 |P2GL3NR  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 r/L
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 b\?#O}  
    End Dialog $(}kau  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog );;
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) vVLR9"rHM  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -ij1%#tz  
        Print "Execution cancelled." )11/B
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        End :"O=/p+*Us  
    End If ,^o^@SI)
 
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty bTHa;* `  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then aM.l+D
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation
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    Else XW]|Mv[M  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) uD:O[H-x  
    End If HA"dw2|  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ~5}b$qL#`  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter +I\bs.84  
    Else W.:kE|a.g  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) i$:CGUb  
    End If ZVIBmx  
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    Print " " T*h+"TmE  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" |klL KX&  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 7@tr^JykO  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation l/rhA6kEU  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness /'VCJjzZ
 
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Z/x<U.B  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens `O}. .N]g  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens "l +Jx|h\  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens p6}
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness KI>7h.t  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction J;T_9  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation )If[pw@j  
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    '************************************************************************* @fE^w^K7  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) [Q 2t,tQx  
    '************************************************************************* eIqj7UY_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) /CA)R26G  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity {&h&:  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >2g CM  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z :Dr& {3>  
    count = 0 ^~`8 - TE  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7L-%5:1%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op i*U\~CZjT  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 10}Zoq|)n  
            DeleteOperation eID,count `chf8  
            count=count-1 XIp9=jhSR  
        End If [#9ij3vxd  
        count=count+1 "!Qhk3*  
    Wend *V"
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    'Set new shift in |y:DLsom?i  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" RD_;us@&&*  
    op.val1 = taq O5=ggG  
    op.parent = parID 9lD,aOb  
    AddOperation eID, op G8;S`-D1a,  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 o"]eAQ  
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    '************************************************************************* )$]+R
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens HRb_ZJz  
    '************************************************************************* 5r+0^UAO:J  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) hr{%'DAS  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Maa.>2v<  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant _
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Sm Ei _u]'  
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    '************************************************************************* #/tdZ0  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens :,ym)|YV  
    '************************************************************************* yav)mO~QU6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) =)zq%d?i;  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic bL&]3n9Rwu  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost DS$ _"'g%i  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost .gPsJ?b  
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    '************************************************************************* iP!Y4F  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) t~a$|( 9  
    '************************************************************************* ZK ?x_`w  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) NuooA  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) )R +o8C  
    count = 0 2?r8>#_*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xXx`a\i  
        GetOperation eID, count, op - dOT/%Ux  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then hv"toszj\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count GY",AL8f  
            count=count-1 )4`Ml*7x  
        End If
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        count=count+1 jF3!}*7,  
    Wend (O-)uC  
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    'Set new z-shift (En\odbvt  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" |O)deiJRy  
    op.val1 = tlens y[zA[H:  
    op.parent = parID a?Y1G3U'  
    AddOperation eID, op `
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens @*uX[)  
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    '************************************************************************* n>E*g|a  
    'Lens index of refraction 'iVo,m[yKU  
    '************************************************************************* `Of wl%G  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 0`P]fL+&  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat r~}}o o4K  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Ij#a  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat _M&.kha  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens `es($7}P_W  
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    '************************************************************************* |x6mkSf]ke  
    'Pupil diameter #8z,'~\  
    '************************************************************************* 2&Byq  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) UTTC:=F+  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Lmwh`oOl  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" [)3 U])w/  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens aVP|:OAj  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) eCp|QSXE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) fl"y@;;#h  
    count = 0 >-w=7,?'?z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count UPKi/)C;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op lkfFAwnc  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |nEVOy>'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ^2r}_AX  
            count=count-1 ?nZ <?  
        End If '%EZoc/U  
        count=count+1 Uxemlp%%*  
    Wend S/-7Zo&w+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" j#e.rNG  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 be:phS4vz  
    op.parent = parID 5(|M["KK~  
    AddOperation eID, op ^V}R(gDu}s  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam T'M66kg  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description q.MVF]
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) yb{Q,Dz  
    GetEntity eID, entity O4/n!HOb  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" B#aH
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    SetEntity eID, entity {TncqA  
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    Update bV`C;RPn  
    Print "DONE!" q{GSsDo-:V  
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End Sub ZCBPO~&hO'  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： fT3*>^Uv  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters y5/6nvH_6  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm |WAD $3  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 `.'i V[fr  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 yvz?4m"_yB  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 3l%,D: ?  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 oM<!I0"gC+  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 v (ka,Dk3  
Set pupil diameter = 4 0i\',h}9  
DONE! ufCqvv>'  
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