[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Ah Rvyj  
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模型 PIZK*Lop  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Ys+NIV#Q  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. (Qj;B)
 
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光源 !X ={a{<,T  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 R&FO-{S  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 w'zSV1  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 xY<*:&  
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视网膜的散射 v9XevLs  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 BT*{&'\/  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Ob@HzXH  
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脚本 mt}3/d  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ,)Z1&J?  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 $<F9;Z  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 wH]Y1 m  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 '.IR|~Y  
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脚本代码 u$ff %`E  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. A75z/O{  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY kS
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Dim op As T_OPERATION $aDk
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL PYr'1D'  
Dim A As Double j6#Vwcr  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 1R"Z+tNB  
Dim eID As Long I\Pw`  
Dim parID As Long e|eWV{Dsz  
Dim count As Integer ~qkn1N%'  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 2k+u_tj>  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double k FCdGl  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double FZx.Yuv  
Dim ok As Long UAOH9*9*  
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Sub Main  |Fe*t  
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    '用户输入对话框 cS RmC  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Ypwn@?xeP  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 gfQ1p?  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 GU7f27p  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 @o>3 Bv.  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ][B>`gC-  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 a\tv,Lx  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 _[,7DA.qc  
    End Dialog @waY+sqt=  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog $Go)Zs-bL?  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) iyP0;$  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed b}J,&eYD  
        Print "Execution cancelled." #]z_pp:  
        End /7igPNhx  
    End If Ir6g"kwCKq  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty C=&;4In  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then PGhYkj2  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 3 uJ?;  
    Else l09DH+  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) YcN&\(   
    End If (w-@b70E  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0,j!*  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter s^HI%mdf  
    Else e@{Rlz  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) G<Y}QhFU  
    End If xM**n3SZ`  
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    Print " " C=`MzZbJ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" <ToRPx&E  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" oW3|b2D  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation PLRMW2  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness gm=LM=  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens W|\$}@>  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens UeU`U  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens lsKQZ@LN`  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness IGF25-7B  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction uLSuY}K0  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 5=/j  
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    '************************************************************************* 1t}  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) T l8`3`e  
    '************************************************************************* ;lf$)3%[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) yaYJmhG  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 3<_=Vyf  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) J=b'b%  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ^Vg-fO]V  
    count = 0 vrIWw?/z?  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count JC iB;!y  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ^9 ^DA!'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then z/wwe\ a5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count QypUBf  
            count=count-1 VcLzv{  
        End If e'r-o~1eN  
        count=count+1 BT"n;L?[  
    Wend 2^y*O  
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    'Set new shift in #U.6HBuQa  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1AQy8n*  
    op.val1 = taq Qcn;:6_&W  
    op.parent = parID g0#w 4rGF)  
    AddOperation eID, op v(zfq'^%`  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 |q c<C&O  
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    '************************************************************************* !,R=6b$E5  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens +*wr=9>  
    '************************************************************************* Ho1V)T
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) kAq#cLprG  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -PTfsQk  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant N
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Z29aRi  
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    '************************************************************************* Nka 3H7`  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Uh+6fE]p  
    '************************************************************************* \-
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) WZ=$c]gG  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic D9!$H!T _  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 'xGTaKlm,  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost V=<AI.Z:w  
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    '************************************************************************* q@1xYz:J  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) S|F:[(WaM  
    '************************************************************************* <==6fc>s  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) <`WcI`IAb  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) AWi+xo|  
    count = 0 <6+T&Ov6  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count } L_Zmi$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op [_: GQ  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then AcHeZb8b  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;9LOeH?  
            count=count-1 e'->Sg  
        End If 3i~X`@$k>  
        count=count+1 i8S=uJ]n  
    Wend {W HK|l  
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    'Set new z-shift ;SX~u*`R  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" wo;OkJKF  
    op.val1 = tlens H
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    op.parent = parID x"r,l/gzy  
    AddOperation eID, op 3-'3w,  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *%*Bo9a/  
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    '************************************************************************* k5Su&e4]]  
    'Lens index of refraction ;]@Pm<f  
    '************************************************************************* <W+9h0c  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) HiBI0)N}  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat XlnSh<e  
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    mat.Nd = nlens UuC-R)  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat  tq?a3  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens EW
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    '************************************************************************* 0Ua=&;/2  
    'Pupil diameter q@tym5  
    '************************************************************************* zQ#*O'-n  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) %0 i)l|  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) (][-()YV  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" T#wG]DH;  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \>G}DGz  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9Q!Z9n"8~)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) \BN$WV  
    count = 0 H8g%h}6h  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 64]8ykRD-  
        GetOperation eID, count, op m)3M)8t  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kW1w;}n$  
            DeleteOperation eID,count uB#U( jl  
            count=count-1 BC\W`K  
        End If pWq+`|l$  
        count=count+1 LNyrIk/1  
    Wend ~X3x-nAt  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &FuL{YL  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 >239SyC-,  
    op.parent = parID n1PBpM9!  
    AddOperation eID, op H5V>d  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam xVgm 9s$"c  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Ga-cto1Y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) h(<>s#=E  
    GetEntity eID, entity ^9]iUx  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" =,h'}(z_  
    SetEntity eID, entity 4 Y
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    Update 841y"@*BY  
    Print "DONE!" d4*SfzB  
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End Sub l#%7BGwzY  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： aKWxLe  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters J7^UQ  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm M=lU`Sm  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 :8hI3]9  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 GZ,MC?W  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 N5,LHO  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 G"OP`OMDc  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +ima$a0Zyt  
Set pupil diameter = 4 3T0~k--  
DONE! yNowhh
 
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