切换到宽版
  • 广告投放
  • 稿件投递
  • 繁體中文
    • 1621阅读
    • 0回复

    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

    上一主题 下一主题
    离线infotek
     
    发帖
    6441
    光币
    26350
    光券
    0
    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 L#?mPF  
    nq,:UYNJ  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 .}GOHW)}  
    TS`m&N{i")  
    模型 ._]*Y`5)d  
    p1[|5r5Day  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 HWIn.ij  
    guVuO  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    1Vkb}A,'  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. )gz]F_  
    >(_2'c*[w  
    光源 qu.AJ*  
    /oZvm   
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 g##<d(e!}  
    JC`;hY  
    KSJ+3_7 ]k  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    gil:SUW1r  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 /l$fQ:l  
    ;s#I b_  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 )Y&B63]B  
    k%8kt4\wn6  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ]yQqx*  
    2kOaKH[(q  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
    KYyoN  
    视网膜的散射 I]HLWF  
     c_,pd  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 W6`_ lGTj  
    $2Awp@j  
    Bp5 %&T k  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    Lp3pJE  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 P9R-41!  
    QCG-CzJ9 l  
    Q"Exmn3p  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    JvEW0-B^l,  
    脚本 9=FH2|Z  
    4=%,0.yt  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: -GCU6U|  
    $m-C6xC/  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    (#x&Y#5  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    BpGyjo J2  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 \ KsKb0sM  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 _v 8u%  
    3''Uxlo\  
    分析 xOr"3;^  
    gK"(;Jih$  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 eL'fJcjw<  
    Ted tmX$  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    Pf;RJeD  
    脚本代码 /cVZ/"  
    yRD tPK"E-  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. zo8&(XS  
    mwn$ey&QE  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY e|>@ >F]K  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION +;)Xu}  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 1D2RhM%  
    Dim A As Double *v: .]_;  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double P(o>UDy  
    Dim eID As Long 0+)1K U)I  
    Dim parID As Long DjiI*HLNR  
    Dim count As Integer "uj@!SEs`?  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double oA:`=f%\  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double FW)~e*@8=  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double In;P33'p  
    Dim ok As Long l)~$/#k  
    a1ps'^Qhh  
    Sub Main (WP^}V5  
    {iCX?Sb  
        '用户输入对话框 0W_u"UY$c  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 =s*4y$%I  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 W6r3v)~  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 5|`./+Ghk  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 sHV?njZd  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Eg2SC?5  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 }7K~-  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 D{q r N6g#  
        End Dialog Zlt,Us`  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog jK%Lewq  
    meXwmO  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) sPl3JP&s  
    >5TXLOYZ  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed YN7O Qqa  
            Print "Execution cancelled." d/@P;YN!  
            End %h;1}SFl0  
        End If 9l|*E  
    f)V6VNW.3  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty }AiF 7N0  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then k'sPA_|  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation .$Yp~  
        Else I47sqz7  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ytb1hFs  
        End If 9+8N-LZ  
    Uc ; S@  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then OHnsfXO_V  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ,g3n/'rP%  
        Else E8wkqZN  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w4&\-S#  
        End If SLH;iqPT  
    1zCgPiAem  
        Print " " 0Pt% (^  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" <^W5UU#Pg  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" A6E~GJa  
    0HQTe>!  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 7h:EU7  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness u@`y/,PX  
    !kH 1|  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens jfam/LL{V  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens .ezZ+@LI+#  
    \J;]g\&I"  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens m%.[|sZ3EM  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens d6 9dC*>  
    o,?h}@  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness }D3hP|.X  
    9A|9:OdG1  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction K!2%8Ej,J  
    wS >S\,LV  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation sv#b5,>9  
    *_HF%JYMZ  
        '************************************************************************* ZXIz.GFy+  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) TQ%F\@"  
        '************************************************************************* t8.3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |1e//*  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity k @gQY_  
    2p58_^l  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $U)nrn i  
    ]mC5Z6,1s  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 6 .[3N~pq  
        count = 0 vWL| vR  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [8Z !dj   
            GetOperation eID, count, op am7~  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Y'#uZA3KA  
                DeleteOperation eID,count e nw*[D !  
                count=count-1 _NpxV'E  
            End If Q]$pg5O  
            count=count+1 ep*8*GmP  
        Wend s3K!~v\L]  
    58eO|c(  
        'Set new shift in 1xO-tIp/  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" .S* sGauM  
        op.val1 = taq c'5ls7?}O{  
        op.parent = parID {.e^1qE  
        AddOperation eID, op PY&mLux%  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 d b *J  
    vY,D02 EMw  
        '************************************************************************* 6fC Hd10!  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens $e{}SQ;fW  
        '************************************************************************* +jKu^f6  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) F6>oGmLy  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic VssWtL  
    _g'x=VJF  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 2h)Qz+|7  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ktp<o.f[  
    Q-1 Xgw!  
        '************************************************************************* bU/YU0ZIT  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens )l`VE_(|  
        '************************************************************************* -MFePpUt  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ~mv5{C  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /Ba/gq0j  
    I8YCXh  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost }d5~w[  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost EG3u)}vI  
    POX{;[SV  
        '************************************************************************* 6)>otB8)J  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) iO2jT+i  
        '************************************************************************* }02(Y!Gh  
    n9-WZsc1  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) iJCv+p_f  
    =F %lx[9Ye  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) Zq5~M bldh  
        count = 0 )CgH|z:=b  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count wxT( ktE  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ^MG"n7)X  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \^jRMIM==  
                DeleteOperation eID,count a|4Q6Ycu  
                count=count-1 su3Wk,MLP  
            End If p%K(dA  
            count=count+1 O=^/58(m  
        Wend o/oLL w  
    cmU>A721  
        'Set new z-shift aK 3'u   
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ch:EL-L  
        op.val1 = tlens <d >!%  
        op.parent = parID q>5j (,6F  
        AddOperation eID, op '|<S`,'#hg  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens pbw{EzM  
    +d(|Jid  
        '************************************************************************* +oL@pp0  
        'Lens index of refraction %E"Z &_3{  
        '************************************************************************* yT~x7,  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :\y' ?d- Q  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat c5: X$k\  
    `PSjk F(  
        mat.Nd = nlens J;4aghzY  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat N,3iSH=cN[  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens [+!&iN  
    +[_3h9BK  
        '************************************************************************* dP`B9>r  
        'Pupil diameter yrd1J$  
        '************************************************************************* 0?dr(   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) tBX71d T  
    d`~~Ww1  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 2U( qyC  
    o$rF-?  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ?Ygd|a5  
    w4M;e;8m[U  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \PcnD$L  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1aCpeD4|)  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) g4952u  
        count = 0 V Ew| N)  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count W|y;Kxy  
            GetOperation eID, count, op f8`dJ5i  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  WjCxTBI  
                DeleteOperation eID,count EdkIT|c{  
                count=count-1 P(/eVD#v  
            End If G=SMz+z  
            count=count+1 }}D32T VN  
        Wend O;|Cu7WU  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" -Mz [S  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 iRbe$v&N  
        op.parent = parID OA(.&5]  
        AddOperation eID, op O?cU6u;W  
    N"suR}9%  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Z!7xRy  
    -'SA &[7dP  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Ks@c wY  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1<5Ug8q  
        GetEntity eID, entity ~E!kx  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" VCJOWU EO1  
        SetEntity eID, entity $mh\`  
    c&FOt  
        Update i];P!Gm  
        Print "DONE!" :2&"ak>N  
         #sDb611}#  
    End Sub py+\e" s  
    Y]](.\ff  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: G$%F`R[  
    'tvuw\hhL  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters %OHZOs  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm C4P<GtR9  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 mt`CQz"_  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 OZnKJ<  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ^_<|~  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 q=V'pML  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 [.1ME lM  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 nosD1sS.K8  
    DONE! m[74p  
    LO>42o?/i  
    /of K7/  
    QQ:2987619807 TlRc8r|  
     
    分享到