[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 23\RJpKb  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 / |r
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模型 d3Mva,bw<  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 */qtzt  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. }yn0IWVa  
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光源 =T?}Nt  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 \Q?ip&R  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Vv.r8IGYm  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 "I6P=]|b  
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视网膜的散射 ~
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Qj{8?lew  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 $,=6[T!z+e  
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脚本 GE;e]Jkjn  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： <P[T!gST  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 "I?Am&>'  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 n9w9JXp;!  
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分析 6oaazB^L  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ZRxZume<f  
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脚本代码 ^'CPM6J  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. >^q7c8]~g  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ~CB[9D=  
Dim op As T_OPERATION F>tQn4  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 6
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Dim A As Double fbyQjvURnC  
Dim pupilDiam As Double e0@6Pd  
Dim eID As Long 'E/*d2CDM(  
Dim parID As Long 6:GTD$Uz.  
Dim count As Integer UDhG :  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double B]m@:|Q  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double :q8b;*:  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double B\J^=W+`  
Dim ok As Long 3G.5724,  
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Sub Main S6}@I ,Q  
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    '用户输入对话框 ]{"Br
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 F:*W5xX  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ZX ?yL>4  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 }X x(^Zh  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 56^+;^f^`  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ;^*Unyt[4]  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 /9o!
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 FX9F"42@  
    End Dialog CkJCi  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog +!QJTn"3  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) lb'GXd%  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 3qY K_M^[  
        Print "Execution cancelled." %6AW7q t  
        End f;/QJ  
    End If h;=6VgXZ  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty c/B'jPt  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then jp $Z]  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation :2nj
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    Else qwIa?!8o  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) gp$Ucfu'  
    End If XU+<?%u}z  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then PW3GL3+  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Lh.`C7]
  
    Else dt~YW  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) nXjP
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    End If kId n6 Wx,  
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    Print " " -P&6L\V  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" mhW-J6u*  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ##Z_QB(;  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation F)z;Z6{t4  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ,39aF*r1Q  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens =]-j;#'&  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens BTM), w2  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens q>w)"Dd  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens -hkQ2[Ew#  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness # O4gg  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ID
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ~G27;Npy  
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    '************************************************************************* 0flg=U9  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 'R&uD~Q  
    '************************************************************************* ,;M4jc{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) xQw7 :18wQ  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity O@?kT;B  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8ssJ<
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 31EyDU,W  
    count = 0 P>9aI/d9  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [!%![E  
        GetOperation eID, count, op S$2b>#@UJ  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [frq 'c  
            DeleteOperation eID,count (%O@r!{  
            count=count-1 *Z_C4Tj  
        End If KFa
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        count=count+1 !?^b[ nC%  
    Wend lC=~$c:  
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    'Set new shift in y^7}
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" <L&m4O#|  
    op.val1 = taq %r4
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    op.parent = parID Tr^nkD{  
    AddOperation eID, op P,sjo u^  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 4nAa`(62  
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    '************************************************************************* Z@Ae$ '9H  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens t'm;:J1  
    '************************************************************************* ^[15&T5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) nNXgW  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic oA1a/[#  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant vky.^  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant .
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    '************************************************************************* JJRK7\~$  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens f{0F|w<gf  
    '************************************************************************* .5!t:FPOv  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) t\$U`V)  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "`asFg  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost /t-fjB{=G  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost I5h[%T  
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    '************************************************************************* :rP#I#,7w  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Zf5`XslA.  
    '************************************************************************* hVUP4 A  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) BPr^D0P  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) <LRey%{q  
    count = 0 P9T5L<5  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count S>.F_Jl  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,C {*s$  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %7g:}O$  
            DeleteOperation eID,count >c-fI$]  
            count=count-1 l]<L [Y,E-  
        End If i_][PTH  
        count=count+1 {647|j;e  
    Wend }h 3K@R   
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    'Set new z-shift N N|u_  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" =+w*gDr  
    op.val1 = tlens 21RP=0Q:  
    op.parent = parID %& _V0R\k  
    AddOperation eID, op T;L>P[hNn  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Vb qto|X@  
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    '************************************************************************* *-s,. F+c  
    'Lens index of refraction Nm):9YQ/  
    '************************************************************************* [31p&FxM  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ) _ I,KEe  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat e?bYjJq  
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    mat.Nd = nlens LI)!4(WH  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat w:'dhr':  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens %P;Q|v6/|  
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    '************************************************************************* i@NqC;~;  
    'Pupil diameter m`6Yc:@E  
    '************************************************************************* !EQ@#qW/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) L !4t[hhe=  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 0b91y3R+  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" PM":Vd/  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens q %A?V_  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) . |*f!
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) P'MY[&|mM'  
    count = 0 #E0t?:t5bk  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count qNyzU@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op T!W~n ZC  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^w~23g.  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Nx#4W1B[`H  
            count=count-1 ^[Cv
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        End If 5BR5X\f0  
        count=count+1 qW 1V85FG  
    Wend x{}z ;yG  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" x]5@>5  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 wiX~D  
    op.parent = parID FI8Oz,  
    AddOperation eID, op 0tk#Gs[  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam M\b")Tu{0  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description &4dz}zz90  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }Vu\(~  
    GetEntity eID, entity TST4Vy3  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ~8`:7m?  
    SetEntity eID, entity 9]$8MY
 
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    Update uR6w|e`  
    Print "DONE!" 6{d6s#|%  
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End Sub O?EB8RB  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： c':ezEaC  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters #0b&^QL  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm +a= 0\lpOy  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 {+zJI-XN/  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 nA>sHy  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 *p ? e.%nd  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 !\[+99F#  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 I>h<b_y  
Set pupil diameter = 4 gJ2 H=#M  
DONE! 3-40'$lE  
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