[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 y-UutI&  

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 P;&rh U^[  

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模型 QN%w\JXS  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Nhh2P4gH  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. moQ><>/  
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光源 pRsYA7Ti  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 l2
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ?[4!2T,Ca  
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视网膜的散射 Da)rzr|}>3  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 4X2XSK4  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 qyP|`Pm4  
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脚本 (fgX!G[W  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： KKm0@Y  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 <!.'"*2  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 k^q}F%UV  
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分析 [/#c9RA  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ;!4Bw"Gg  
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脚本代码 9Vx2VjK2'  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. :sRV]!Iw  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY LOyL:~$  
Dim op As T_OPERATION SWr?>dl  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL DG8LoWZ  
Dim A As Double uX{n#i,~L  
Dim pupilDiam As Double u49zc9  
Dim eID As Long Wvl>iHB  
Dim parID As Long .BGM1ph}~  
Dim count As Integer ./@!k[  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double -k{n"9a9?  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 66<3zadJZU  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double JGPLVw  
Dim ok As Long Gx?p,Fj  
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Sub Main #LlHsY530N  
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    '用户输入对话框 *loPwV8  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 0bxB@(NO  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ODK$G [-  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 OKfJ  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Ec| Gom?  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 u
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 orn9;|8q  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 wZVY h  
    End Dialog _[-+%RP  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ]gYnw;W$  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 5uMh#dm^  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed FR9<$  
        Print "Execution cancelled." F)/}Q[o8  
        End gK/mm\K@  
    End If ZSq7>}  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty /
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ghm5g/  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation !=@Lyt)_b  
    Else *,hS-  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Ed9ynJ~)X  
    End If b:/;  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then yfeX=h  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter kH1hsDe|&y  
    Else mD-qJ6AM  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 6V\YYrUz  
    End If R0y={\*B5k  
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    Print " " IbC(/i#%`  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Ed,`1+
 
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" :G9+-z{Y&  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation L+Yn}"gIs  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness !s#25}9zX5  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ;4tVFqR  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens +9G GC  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 0ZPwE
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens C J S  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness $u_0"sUV  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction B PTQm4TN  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation [hA%VF.9  
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    '************************************************************************* duB{1  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ^]w!ow41  
    '************************************************************************* J]/TxUE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ES!$JWK|  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity c^vPd]Ed  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $Z6g/bD`E  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z *LpEH,J  
    count = 0 !!Z#'Wq  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l T~RH0L  
        GetOperation eID, count, op :b)IDcW&j:  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !spp*Q)#\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %0C<_drW  
            count=count-1 $2qZds[  
        End If P:h
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        count=count+1 m7wD#?lm  
    Wend tFt56/4  
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    'Set new shift in t-Rfy`I3  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (n+2z"/  
    op.val1 = taq bh|M]*Pq  
    op.parent = parID "MHm9D?5  
    AddOperation eID, op >nV~5f+  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 lo*OmAF  
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    '************************************************************************* d4KTwn5g  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens tJ[yx_mf  
    '************************************************************************* e5G)83[=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) i^Vb42%y  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [P.M>"c\  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant twElLOE  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant bA}9He1  
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    '************************************************************************* Z-|.j^n  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens sC >_ulkoa  
    '************************************************************************* ?q a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) D\|$!i}  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic nMXk1`|/)x  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost +v.uP[H  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost |/<,71Ae  
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    '************************************************************************* {$D[l hj  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 'i5 VU4?K  
    '************************************************************************* {hQ0=r
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 8*7t1$  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) J1OZG6|e  
    count = 0 m,}0p  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ZoX24C
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        GetOperation eID, count, op <T]%Gg8  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then sd4eJ  
            DeleteOperation eID,count kQ~2mU  
            count=count-1 ?;84M@  
        End If 1o"/5T:S[  
        count=count+1 *D`]7I~}  
    Wend u=_"*
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    'Set new z-shift mGx!{v~i&  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" HYVSi3[  
    op.val1 = tlens j"(o>bv7  
    op.parent = parID ;W%nB
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    AddOperation eID, op ,b[}22  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens j("$qpv  
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    '************************************************************************* EWOS6Yg7  
    'Lens index of refraction @1+C*  
    '************************************************************************* ;R[  xo!  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 3#GZ6:rVJ  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat e7e6b-"_2  
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    mat.Nd = nlens m$N`Xj  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat WMy97*L<  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens u.v 5!G  
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    '************************************************************************* G!]%xFwYa  
    'Pupil diameter Vb{5-v ;a  
    '************************************************************************* A8,9^cQ]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ++O L&n  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) a=ye!CN^  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 0|6]ps4Z7  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens RF3?q6j ,  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) LV4\zd6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 2_S%vA<L  
    count = 0 R-7.q  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count t "y[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ~nit~;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then L'i0|_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count j^4KczJl  
            count=count-1 0cYd6u@  
        End If zzlqj){F  
        count=count+1 8aDSRfv*  
    Wend eZ>KA+C[  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" +IS+!K0?)  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 |W't-}yf  
    op.parent = parID >L5fc".  
    AddOperation eID, op ~bm VpoI  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam bx!uHL=  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description C%c}lv8;^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .&z/p3 1  
    GetEntity eID, entity M't~/&D#  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" rbC4/9G\  
    SetEntity eID, entity 3k%fY  
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    Update F4P=Wz]  
    Print "DONE!" 0^%\! Xxq  
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End Sub =J@M,mbHg  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： wEQ7=Gyx  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters kzky{0yKk=  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Sf_q;Ws  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 w@K4u{|  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 I JPpF`  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 / 7i>0J]  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 <V
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 *.'9eC0s  
Set pupil diameter = 4 UJ\[^/t  
DONE! C(=$0FIR  
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