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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 yS p]+  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 }WS%nQA  
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    模型 fp|!LU  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 XmXp0b7  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Y,I0o{,g  
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    光源 jCqs^`-  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 J @C8;]  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 Ar7vEa81  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 +RQlMAB  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 e#JJd=  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 Bm2"} =  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 gfG Mu0FjB  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 hE0 p> R8  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 .P+om<~B  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: vggyQf%  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 f#}P>,TP  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 QxG:NN;jW  
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    分析 F B-?{78~  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 IoWh&(+KdH  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 oV"#1lp*  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 6=A   
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY rKg~H=4x2  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ^[6eo8Ck>  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL U86bn(9K  
    Dim A As Double Y1?w f.  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double L]I ;{Y  
    Dim eID As Long ? hU0S  
    Dim parID As Long FJJ+*3(  
    Dim count As Integer Jk=E"I6  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double }qU(G3  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double >KXSb@  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ^x(BZolkm  
    Dim ok As Long A+v6N>}*  
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    Sub Main QII-9 RxX"  
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        '用户输入对话框 >8h14uCk  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 S_?{ <{  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 3>;zk#b2  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 yop,%Fe  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 AX=$r]_  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 M ^gva?{  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 6\"g,f  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 W2cgxT  
        End Dialog j_L1KB*  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 0\XG;KA  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg)  _0^f  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ~nO]R   
            Print "Execution cancelled." j6x1JM  
            End #nG?}*#  
        End If Sh&n DdF"  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty AA$+ayzx9{  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ~2 aR>R_nT  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation e(nT2E  
        Else  peW4J<,  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) w0W9N%f#=  
        End If kB~KC-&O  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then EVs.'Xg<  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter {[B^~Y>Lr  
        Else ?+6w8j%\  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) c*F'x-TH  
        End If -jN:~.  
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        Print " " ;&="aD  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" fd Vye|%  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ;yd[QT<I<  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Z?@1X`@  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness }?PvNK]",  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens &U <t*"  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens O [Q;[@  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens !a %6nBo  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens M? 7CBqZ  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness &+"-'7  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction sT&O%(  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation <\0+*`">g  
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        '************************************************************************* mC-'z  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) "v%|&@  
        '************************************************************************* \gtI4zl*J  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #~ikR.-+Eq  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity W=Y?_Oz  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mv%Zh1khn/  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z L H>oG$a  
        count = 0 z x e6M~+  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count V s/Z8t  
            GetOperation eID, count, op MSef2|"P#  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then {3V%  
                DeleteOperation eID,count qRV5qN2{XY  
                count=count-1 FPg5!O%  
            End If .nGYx  
            count=count+1 c UJUZ@ol  
        Wend 4JOw@/nE  
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        'Set new shift in .W[[Z;D  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" l~cT]Ep  
        op.val1 = taq K@0gBgN  
        op.parent = parID ez2rCpA  
        AddOperation eID, op .JkcCEe{G  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 PxqRb  
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        '************************************************************************* >pS @;t'  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens N.j?:  
        '************************************************************************* V={`k$p  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) d-cK`pSB  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ,F4 _ps?(  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant x37pj)i/  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant R78=im7  
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        '************************************************************************* T3-8AUCK8?  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 4^? J BpBZ  
        '************************************************************************* GQU9UXe  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) MV+S.`R  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic l}#z#L2,`  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost n\U3f M>N  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost &HS6}  
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        '************************************************************************* :yLSLN  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) z } L3//  
        '************************************************************************* jjs1Vj1@<  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |fQl0hL  
    q;XO1Se  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) +`@)87O  
        count = 0 c(]NpH in  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count O{B[iy(C  
            GetOperation eID, count, op |~6X: M61  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then hH=H/L_Z  
                DeleteOperation eID,count m/2LwN  
                count=count-1 >9h@Dj[|!  
            End If U ?%1:-#F  
            count=count+1 ]i}3`e?  
        Wend Do&em8i z  
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        'Set new z-shift jK#[r[q{  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" )^G&p[G  
        op.val1 = tlens  P[l?  
        op.parent = parID L`fDc  
        AddOperation eID, op #U46Au  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens @M:Uf7  
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        '************************************************************************* NlBnV  
        'Lens index of refraction yNw YP%"y  
        '************************************************************************* ddf# c,SQ  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) /& qN yo  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat h4j{44MT  
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        mat.Nd = nlens 5CSihw/5  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ?1r>t"e5  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens >&1MD}  
    GsYi/Z   
        '************************************************************************* UR/l M,N;  
        'Pupil diameter "y%S.ipWG  
        '************************************************************************* ^'UJ&UfX  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,]OL[m  
    %T.4Aj  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 1T{A(<:o$  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" s'&/8RR  
    uC _&?  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens sT.:"Pj$  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  X,zqI  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) -Qs4 s  
        count = 0 b*-g@S  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :RJ=f  
            GetOperation eID, count, op LX4*3c|i,  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then p4 \r`  
                DeleteOperation eID,count !y8/El  
                count=count-1 ' (JSU   
            End If 8s,B,s.  
            count=count+1 yv.UNcP?  
        Wend yq3i=RB(  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" \6UK:'5{  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 1:3I G=  
        op.parent = parID MX=mGfoa  
        AddOperation eID, op yQ33JQr  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam E~=`Ac,G2  
    [")3c)OH|  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description @O;gKFx  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) z|VQp,ra  
        GetEntity eID, entity _uvRC+~R  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" QEl:>HG  
        SetEntity eID, entity 4g}eqW  
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        Update mk)F3[ ke  
        Print "DONE!" __}j {Buk  
         AE:IXP|c  
    End Sub (lDbArqy  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ]fN\LY6p  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters F,Ls1  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 67/&AiS?  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 _m;#+`E  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 P4{8pO]B  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 _Y7uM6HL\  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 l{:7*U{d  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 3JB?G>\!  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 [25[c><:w"  
    DONE! /8Sg<  
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