[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 9PKoNd^e  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 *vRI)
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模型 kPO6gdwq$  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. AbF(MK=i  
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光源 ;v1NL@w*  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 o
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 `S\zqF<  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 0iJ!K;A2%  
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视网膜的散射 1yBt/
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 dn
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 U@6jOZ  
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脚本 +VCo$
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： jzs.+dAg  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 S&4+ e:K  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Kt W6AZJ  
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分析 SY-ez91  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 :O $@shV  
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脚本代码 d2rL 8jW  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. .'|mY$U~]  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 4YszVT-MU~  
Dim op As T_OPERATION bfgz1 `u  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL TQP+>nS,  
Dim A As Double ha*X6R  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Sd},_Kh  
Dim eID As Long OJAx:&]3  
Dim parID As Long CI`N8 f=v  
Dim count As Integer 5Go0}'*%  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double }e<'BIME  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ddsUz1%l  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double dY}pN"  
Dim ok As Long GCT@o!  
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Sub Main lT]=&m>  
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    '用户输入对话框 mjb{~  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 9tn;L"#&N  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 $5,~JYcb  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Sp:l;SGd  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Bv$UFTz  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ]q{ PDZ   
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 $>*Yhz `  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 nnNv0?>d(  
    End Dialog t<nFy  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog #~^btL'dHF  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) +$47v$p
 
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed fN-Gk(Ic  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 38~PWKt  
        End n@!wp/J,  
    End If Z%}4bJ  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty -4w%I
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then d?A}qA[(  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation k=[pm5ZvT~  
    Else @%1IkvJV  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ;QBh;jg4  
    End If KOey8tB)1  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 2j&v;dmh<  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter vJ"i.:Gf4  
    Else )%mg(O8uL  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) hQRL,?  
    End If /b5>Qp  
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    Print " " NjX[;e-u  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ExVDkt0  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" gZO&r#   
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation mdW~~-@H  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness j8++R&1f]  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens .2W"w)$nuq  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens wpXgPVZT  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 4
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens p[9s<lEh  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness mM_ k^4:  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ${I*nh>=  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 0 Y>M=|  
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    '************************************************************************* D3D}DaEYj  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) kGHQ`h  
    '************************************************************************* 8|@9{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) xb:&(6\F  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity rf.`h{!!  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) GIyF81KR 3  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z -TO\'^][X  
    count = 0 [;A[.&6  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :nA.j"@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op !4(zp;WY^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =-"c*^$]  
            DeleteOperation eID,count #wY0D_3@1  
            count=count-1 UAn&\8g_  
        End If L\%orLEmK  
        count=count+1 %<0eA`F4  
    Wend 5]5 KB;  
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    'Set new shift in )G~w[~  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?QZ"JX])  
    op.val1 = taq h6~$/`&]b  
    op.parent = parID >R\lqLILb,  
    AddOperation eID, op kD5!}+y  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 &V7M}@  
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    '************************************************************************* v{aq`uH  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens b2,!g }I  
    '************************************************************************* zFz10pH  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 3
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic zZ=pP5y8  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant #]P9b@@e  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 2ZcKK8X;7  
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    '************************************************************************* \xv;sl$f  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens e:'?*BYVg3  
    '************************************************************************* >J9oH=S6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) M_g?<rK  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic sEMQ  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Dre2
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9KWuN:Sg  
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    '************************************************************************* '2^7-3_1  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) a.N{-2ptH  
    '************************************************************************* VTy9_~q  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) JjaoOe  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) AIMSX]m  
    count = 0 3?2 FP|G8  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %`Z+a.~U  
        GetOperation eID, count, op b 5yW_Ozdh  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 7xRl9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count yY?b.ty  
            count=count-1 ls@i".[  
        End If ZKHG!`X0  
        count=count+1 (e(:P~Ry  
    Wend {9UEq0  
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    'Set new z-shift #@<9S{F  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" q$I:`&  
    op.val1 = tlens hGpv2>M  
    op.parent = parID ;rc`OZyE  
    AddOperation eID, op R2Zgx\VV'  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens dXF^(y]l  
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    '************************************************************************* /|* Y2ETOr  
    'Lens index of refraction 93Co}@Y;Y+  
    '************************************************************************* '>r7V  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) i3rH'B-I.  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Fu!RhsW5j  
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    mat.Nd = nlens &=VDASEu  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat sI{ M  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens !pD*p)`s  
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    '************************************************************************* 'Lu__NfN  
    'Pupil diameter tH-C8Qxy  
    '************************************************************************* X5j1`t,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) yUpgoX(6  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) )wT-8o  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" #Y$hNQQ$F  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 8ji_#og  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) )jt #=9ZQ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Hv2De0W  
    count = 0 
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count x QIq^/F0  
        GetOperation eID, count, op {WYX~Mvvj  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E{|W(z,  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Q)IKOt;N]  
            count=count-1 %44leINx  
        End If +F^^c2E  
        count=count+1 97}OL`y  
    Wend 'IwNTM  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" H!$o$}A  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 zx)z/
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    op.parent = parID >
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    AddOperation eID, op 0$ S8fF@  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam LU={")TdQ  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description !6*"(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) YB2VcF.LU  
    GetEntity eID, entity B!?%O  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" i%0ur}p  
    SetEntity eID, entity ~XOTs  
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    Update AJF#Aw `o  
    Print "DONE!" /w}u3|L$  
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End Sub y~U #veY  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： =Jyu4j *}  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters R8a3 1&  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm KV0]m^@x  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 %`1q-,>v  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ZzJ?L4J5v  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 J^Wa8Q;9lX  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Yp^rR }N  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 P&*2pX:  
Set pupil diameter = 4 K3#@SYj  
DONE! dtRwTUMe?  
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