[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 |P|2E~[r  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 i(.PkYkaq  
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模型 AU%Yr6  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 =X[?
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. u0oTqD?  
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光源 b.[9Adi >  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 G^K;+&T  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 `H*mQERb  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 "o u{bKe  
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视网膜的散射 !~'D;Jh  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 b{-|q6  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Qu8=zI>t  
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脚本 'BgR01w J  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： KXcRm)  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 g@/}SJh/>  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 PGYx]r  
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分析 PX/^*  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ^vxNS[C`;  
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脚本代码 j*f\Z!EeZ  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. THK^u+~LM  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY &l_}yf"v  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 0blbf@XA  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ?pd/cj^  
Dim A As Double {:n1|_r4Z  
Dim pupilDiam As Double N$:-q'hX  
Dim eID As Long Vl<7>  
Dim parID As Long {KEmGHC4R  
Dim count As Integer =kK%,Mr  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double .We{W{  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ]8Xip/uE  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 10m|?  
Dim ok As Long $ZB`4!JxG  
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Sub Main {9XNh[NbP  
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    '用户输入对话框
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 g\IwV+iDf  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ,69547#o  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 U.$Th_  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ^/x\HGrw  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 x1E;dbOZ  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 m] -cRf)9  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 %yl17:h#  
    End Dialog M&Ln'BC  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog <viC~=k;  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) X2:23j<  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Ra H1aS(  
        Print "Execution cancelled." [U"/A1p  
        End 0plX"NU  
    End If  tL<.B  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Y ZuA"l Y  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then \.Op6ECV9  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ^kz(/c/?  
    Else )t\aB_ =  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) p7r/`_'|  
    End If .`v%9-5v  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then m_`%#$s}  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter b&LAk-}[  
    Else ?0+g.,9  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) {I?)ODx7qC  
    End If u3tT=5.D  
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    Print " " ?k;htJcGv  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" (vchZn#  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" hv\Dz*XTs0  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation #5'
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Z;RUxe|<k  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 6f ?,v5  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens |')PQ  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens zZ<
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens (hQi {  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness rzLW@k  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction L
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation _5x]BH6f  
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    '************************************************************************* BHZhdm@),  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) <1<xSr  
    '************************************************************************* S9r+Nsn  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .q[}e);)  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ylQj2B,CB  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) uKvdL "  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z s;* UP   
    count = 0 ;DR5?N/a  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Pt/]Z<VL  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 0(:SEiz6s  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then FoH1O+e  
            DeleteOperation eID,count j0a=v}j3  
            count=count-1 d%-/U!z?  
        End If w-LENdw  
        count=count+1 gTU5r4xm~  
    Wend z0SF2L H  
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    'Set new shift in e3~{l~R
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 32%Fdz1S  
    op.val1 = taq tpO'<b  
    op.parent = parID G'PZ=+!XO/  
    AddOperation eID, op &vn2u bauS  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ~ A
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    '************************************************************************* 0.w7S6v|&  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 1;V_E2?V  
    '************************************************************************* " r o'?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) A~<!@`NjB  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic m_@XoS yxI  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 0`-b57lF&  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 9!W$S[ABRB  
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    '************************************************************************* IM/xBP  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens PoPR34]^J  
    '************************************************************************* 3,6f}:CG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) =|ODa/2p  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic .SER,],P  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost hd~#I<8;2  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost <r t$~}  
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    '************************************************************************* L~Peerby  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Bdb}4X rL  
    '************************************************************************* f(~N+2}  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) }l[e@6r F  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) %]DA4W  
    count = 0 G:tY1'5  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %N fpEo  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %'2.9dB  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then
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            DeleteOperation eID,count Y_+#|]=$B  
            count=count-1 "V26\  
        End If UF#!6"C@  
        count=count+1
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    Wend T>rmm7F  
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    'Set new z-shift TPk?MeVy%W  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~o"=4q`>  
    op.val1 = tlens ~U"m"zpLP  
    op.parent = parID TaBya0-  
    AddOperation eID, op 'kcR:5B  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens "YgpgW  
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    '************************************************************************* oYZ  4F  
    'Lens index of refraction 0 h!Du|?  
    '************************************************************************* dVEs^ZtI  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) $">j~!'  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat A`f"<W-m  
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    mat.Nd = nlens cVL|kYVWT  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat QDQ"Sc06  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens {eaR,d~X  
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    '************************************************************************* \\KjiT'  
    'Pupil diameter ?8"*B^*Sh  
    '************************************************************************* bN zb#P#hP  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) bkDVW  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) m]>zdP+  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" TsK!36cg  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens <Q9l'u]3$c  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rtJER?A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) dnoF)(d&Cm  
    count = 0 018SFle  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [StnKQ?"wz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op oR2?$KF  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then xyk%\&"7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count W4^zKnH  
            count=count-1 hFi gY\$m  
        End If @9HRGxJ=}  
        count=count+1 zY_J7,0g  
    Wend 9efey? z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Qq`S=:}~x  
    op.parent = parID <}{<FXk[  
    AddOperation eID, op iv~R4;;)  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam T:@6(_Z  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 1Z< ^8L<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) lfHN_fE>Mq  
    GetEntity eID, entity \DQu!l@1U  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" {fACfSW6  
    SetEntity eID, entity 2j%=o?me^p  
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    Update hi!A9T3%}M  
    Print "DONE!" Lxp}o7>K  
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End Sub HRyFjAR\?  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： LVB wWlJ  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters kJ5z['4?  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm .8|wc  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 }g/u.@E  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 $WI
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ?0/$RpFEM#  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 YQN:&Cls  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 hAf/&yA@  
Set pupil diameter = 4 *0>`XK$mWo  
DONE! nKm# kb  
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