[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 cPunMHD  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 >E
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模型 -A]-o
  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 xQUs
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. m3#rU%Wj  
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光源 ]C'^&:&<  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 DyPHQ}G  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。  ^t}1$H  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 o'EJ,8  
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视网膜的散射 Uee(1  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 #_SsSD=.Sy  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 DuQW?9^232  
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脚本 D wfw|h  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： (nu;o!mo9  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Hp>_:2O8s  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 %
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分析 kGmz1S}2
 
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Xhs*nt%l  
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脚本代码 8 =oUE$9  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. EQtYb"_  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY _lDNYpv  
Dim op As T_OPERATION K&VMhMVb  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =w!2R QB  
Dim A As Double !k Heslvi  
Dim pupilDiam As Double :K~sazs7J  
Dim eID As Long 9m.MGJbQ_f  
Dim parID As Long &+0?Xip{Z  
Dim count As Integer e3mFO+  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double #-i#mbZ e  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 6p9 {z42  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 6 w'))Z  
Dim ok As Long K$l@0r ~k  
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Sub Main ;X;(7  
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    '用户输入对话框 U[?f@.&  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 d}y")q|F  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 o%!s/Z1  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Z~w2m6;s  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 g[*"LOw  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 <#wVQ\0C  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 zGdYk-H3TH  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 0(>3L:  
    End Dialog h=qT@)h1>  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 6L;]5)#
 
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) b0/YX@  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed *+XiBho  
        Print "Execution cancelled." n.i8?:  
        End m[z$y  
    End If +v~x_E5FP  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ;%Px~g  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation dz^b(q  
    Else 9)8Cf%<(  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) !9{UBAh  
    End If Z- t&AH  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 9|3sNFGX  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter d"@ /{O^1  
    Else {kBsiSvsA;  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) tJ7F.}\;C  
    End If `!spi=f  
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    Print " " 4AKr.a0q  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 5F!Qn\{u{  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" w3 kkam"  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 1Q!kk5jE  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness lT*@f39~g  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens MV
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Qwt0~9n(  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens b;{"@b,Y  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens :<mJRsDf  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness q)f_!N  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction :p,|6~b$  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation I 44]W&  
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    '************************************************************************* (~%NRH<\  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) h_{f_GQ"  
    '************************************************************************* wJ
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 6^t#sEff]  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity IC5QH<.$C  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [^?i<z{0C  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z jpO0dtn3=  
    count = 0 j}tM0U
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count IG# wY  
        GetOperation eID, count, op hRRxOr#*
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1 z~|SmP1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7K "1^  
            count=count-1 Lui6;NY  
        End If UWEegFq*
 
        count=count+1 AT+l%%  
    Wend deArH5&!  
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    'Set new shift in 4r`I)  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" s+v9H10R
 
    op.val1 = taq VBQAkl?(}4  
    op.parent = parID Xz^k.4 Y{4  
    AddOperation eID, op -(F}=o'  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Q,JH/X  
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    '************************************************************************* 8b.k*,r>  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens }nX0h6+1  
    '************************************************************************* #h^nvRmON  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) R.*;] R>M  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |'1.ajxw  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant B*mZxY1  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant LdH1sHy*d`  
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    '************************************************************************* :e=7=|@7  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ULxQyY;32  
    '************************************************************************* !L{mE&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) |9%~z0  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic f.uuXK  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost p<H_]|7$7U  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost i KQj[%O  
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    '************************************************************************* \t1#5  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) H390<`  
    '************************************************************************* (kB  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) h6?^rS8U  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) %;ED}X  
    count = 0 "Ot%{&:2  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count G gA:;f46  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %;
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >QvqH 2  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;Us6:}s  
            count=count-1 o.NU"$\?  
        End If ]:D&kTc  
        count=count+1 0.wF2!V.  
    Wend #K:iB*  
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    'Set new z-shift SF*mY=1  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" [[^r;XKQ  
    op.val1 = tlens hNZ_= <D!  
    op.parent = parID /nA>ox78  
    AddOperation eID, op g]HWaFjc5  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens USN'-Ah  
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    '************************************************************************* q`{@@[/(y  
    'Lens index of refraction XchD3p+uB  
    '************************************************************************* xj
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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) sj&(O@~R  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ]kmAN65c  
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    mat.Nd = nlens _ymSo`IvR  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat +qjZ;5(  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens eWm'eO
 
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    '************************************************************************* sq#C|v/  
    'Pupil diameter 85io%>&0  
    '************************************************************************* uGXvP(Pg'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) hl**G4z9q  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6zU0 8z0-  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" {`2 0'  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens [7DU0Xg7  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $<Gt^3e  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Th%w-19,8  
    count = 0 adoK-bSt  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count '!Va9m*w7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Om:Gun\%  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then L!33`xef'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count aMydeTCHi  
            count=count-1 ^8oN~HLZ  
        End If ZUB]qzmK  
        count=count+1 *B&i`tq  
    Wend Y(rQ032s  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" jK6dI 7h  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 rM~Mqpk  
    op.parent = parID :+_H
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    AddOperation eID, op M-QQ  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam <]S M$)=D  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description <MhODC")  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) C&d,|e "\  
    GetEntity eID, entity T^|6{ S\  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Q"pZPpl&  
    SetEntity eID, entity 
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    Update 6S%KUFB+e  
    Print "DONE!" 65&+Fv  
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End Sub #CeWk$)m  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 0_>1CW+X  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 6 ;\>,  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm "el3mloR8  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 sV~|9/r  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ) { "}b
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 "NSY=)fV  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 `kOp9(Q{  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 &s.-p_4w^D  
Set pupil diameter = 4 bb/A}< zD  
DONE! MGKSaP;x  
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