[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ,1B4FAR&  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 +PLJ  
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模型 |oSt%lQ1  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Fw(  

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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 5uSg]2:  
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光源 R+He6c!?9  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。  PBW_9&d  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 s0vcGh
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 /8`9SS  
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视网膜的散射 \8a014  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 -:L7iOzgD  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 rk,64(   
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脚本 Qd% (]L[N.  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： QJkiu8r  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 4U)%JK.ta  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 }c4F}Cy  
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分析 {B
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 2e ~RM2PQ  
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脚本代码 D,-L!P  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. \4
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY FEa%wS{  
Dim op As T_OPERATION lu1T+@t  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Ja\B%f  
Dim A As Double {=R vFA  
Dim pupilDiam As Double X/Fip0i  
Dim eID As Long &|zV Wl  
Dim parID As Long l$!NEOK  
Dim count As Integer (@\0P H0  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double o1]1I9  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double X)9|ZF2`  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double V-i:t,*lk(  
Dim ok As Long ;]/cCi  
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Sub Main Rg~
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    '用户输入对话框 $~A\l@xAG  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 *nUa0Zg4q6  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 _8z  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 hJJo+NNN  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ux7g%Q^"  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 KiNluGNt  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 kRzqgVr%  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 xoE,3Sn  
    End Dialog +n8,=}  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog LA837%)  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 9>5]y}.{  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed FC8= ru  
        Print "Execution cancelled." rk?G[C)2c  
        End f6HDfJmE  
    End If QlxlT$o}  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty +(hr5  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then j7Lw(AJ  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation @j4~`~8  
    Else _~ 7cn  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) pM@0>DVi  
    End If |G-o&m"  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ( e(<4-&  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter IAn/?3a~  
    Else nHL(v  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 4T#Z[B[  
    End If 4dvuw{NZ  
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    Print " " ?Wp{tB9N0  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ps?B;P  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Sb
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation v~HfA)#JK  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness K<tkNWasQ  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens #bLeK$  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens eTa[~esu.  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens  0bk09
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens )u'
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness G;pxB,4s5  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction !~k-Sexh  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation =Wk!mGc  
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    '************************************************************************* TXQY&7  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) |+i?FYA\  
    '************************************************************************* v0}.!u>Ww  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) fM)RO7  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity dPRGL hWF  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) H\<C@OkJS}  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z XA:v:JFS  
    count = 0 1)M>vdrP  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count hzc2c.gcF  
        GetOperation eID, count, op =jmn  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then e&u HU8k*  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Y&5h_3K;<  
            count=count-1 .HG0%Vp  
        End If l$Y7CIH  
        count=count+1 `7|v  
    Wend KyAQzN9  
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    'Set new shift in _D(F[p|  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" w]\O3'0Js  
    op.val1 = taq #.%;U' #O  
    op.parent = parID 8<uKzb(O:  
    AddOperation eID, op vV|u+v{  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Y0U<l1(|  
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    '************************************************************************* q$s0
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens *,o)`  
    '************************************************************************* #x&1kHu<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) =2{^qvP  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic m`-{ V<(M  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 7{XI^I:n  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant i3>7R'q>  
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    '************************************************************************* )fR'1_  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens jzu1>*ok  
    '************************************************************************* q=E<y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) /'p(X~X:l  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic bY;ah;<  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 5"6Y=AuQ6  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ; eq^m,oz  
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    '************************************************************************* -2mm 5E~N  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) X%S?o  
    '************************************************************************* i}+K;,Da:8  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) <`a!%_LC [  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) qv=i eU  
    count = 0 Z@ *^4Ve  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 6<R!`N 6  
        GetOperation eID, count, op {KE858  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =\?KC)F*e  
            DeleteOperation eID,count /WB^h6qg  
            count=count-1 Ylll4w62N  
        End If Lu6!W  
        count=count+1 S=ebht=  
    Wend *K'(t  
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    'Set new z-shift sC48o'8(  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" InM
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    op.val1 = tlens a&p|>,
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    op.parent = parID Lt.a@\J'_  
    AddOperation eID, op kA{[k  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens \L(~50{(  
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    '************************************************************************* m49GCo k+  
    'Lens index of refraction E=3<F_3W  
    '************************************************************************* {xp/1?Mo*  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) #7+oM8b  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1j "/}0fx  
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    mat.Nd = nlens dQQh$*IL?{  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat /Zap'S/  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens (hS j4Cp  
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    '************************************************************************* VChNDHiH  
    'Pupil diameter u1xCn\  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) F??})YX  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) /\V-1 7-  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" #!l\.:h%  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ;"$Wfy  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *Fb]lM7D  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) j BS$xW  
    count = 0 {M96jjiInf  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +] >o@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op DpH+lpC  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then //n$#c_}u  
            DeleteOperation eID,count *JDQaWzBd  
            count=count-1 m-4P*P$X  
        End If *]NG@^y  
        count=count+1 lk]q\yO_%  
    Wend d _)5Ks}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" }lt5!u~}  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 @&p:J0hbp  
    op.parent = parID byoP1F%  
    AddOperation eID, op @&#k['c  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam +e}v)N  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description lZ
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) GdHFgxI  
    GetEntity eID, entity q#B=PZ'NA  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ^3"~
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    SetEntity eID, entity =jXBF.  
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    Update $p:RnH\H1  
    Print "DONE!" BdBwfH%:  
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End Sub V>D8l @  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： g27 iE
 
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters g>` k9`  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm mq 0d ea  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 B'}h6ZH  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 U; -2)+  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 :%G_<VAo!  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Nz/PAs7g6  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 w5fVug/;P  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ?='2@@8;  
DONE! !r\u,l^
  
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