[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 }E+}\&  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。
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模型 az~4sx$+}  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 >Liv].  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. KwOn<0P  
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光源 iCCY222:  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 QT/TZ:  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 q bb:)>  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 @a) x^d  
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视网膜的散射 k.>*!l0  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 %iY-}uhO  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 iy Zs:4jkc  
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脚本 "0Uh(9Fv  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： /o#!9H
 
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ,T?8??bZ  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 n.p6+^ES  
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分析 9'C k
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ~aa`Y0Ws],  
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脚本代码 w<-8cvNhiz  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. C"_f3[Z  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY $w`QQ^\  
Dim op As T_OPERATION S',i  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL S/v+7oT  
Dim A As Double 7$x~}*u  
Dim pupilDiam As Double q}*"0r  
Dim eID As Long Fy5xIRyI\F  
Dim parID As Long  (-DA%  
Dim count As Integer t=J\zyX!  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double l;zpf|.Vc  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ^%wj6  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double nw[DI%Tp  
Dim ok As Long !xyO  
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Sub Main _XIls*6AK  
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    '用户输入对话框 <T{2a\i 4f  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 uhvmh  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 @gc lks/M  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 =(b;Cow  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 1$oVcDLl  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 b}4k-hZL  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 1xg^;3m
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 I`w1IIY?m  
    End Dialog /*s:ehj  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog PI
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) N8|=K_;&  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed R[ p. )F7  
        Print "Execution cancelled." [b-27\b  
        End 2MwRjh_  
    End If {?m;D
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty rBLkowDP*  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then N+)4]ir>  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ^/\OS@CT\  
    Else ;K38I}  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) |g]TWKc*  
    End If +RS>#zd/=  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ?P4@U9i  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter +%(iGI{  
    Else %0T/>:1[E  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) e&Z}struE  
    End If *A}QBZ  
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    Print " " 'SF+P)Kmz  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" CK[2duf^~  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" yZ3/Ia>,  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation s mub> V  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness }T%;G /W  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^c{}G<U^  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 3U=q3{%1  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens GXB4&Q!C  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens q:sDNj)R\  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 4S|! iOY  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ie+&@u  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ut%t`Y( ]  
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    '************************************************************************* ElAJR4'{*i  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) _`Ey),c_  
    '************************************************************************* Rt~Aud[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) vfzGRr  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity u.iFlU  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :Bp{yUgi@  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z mtuq  
    count = 0 p%Ae"#_X%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count e3YZ-w^W~h  
        GetOperation eID, count, op OO_{o  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8yax.N j  
            DeleteOperation eID,count J]ivIQ  
            count=count-1 pVn6>\xa  
        End If JbzYr]k  
        count=count+1 -yfyd$5j  
    Wend ==(9P`\  
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    'Set new shift in d+~c$(M)  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" D2|-\vJ>  
    op.val1 = taq $1oU^VY  
    op.parent = parID OTd=(dwh  
    AddOperation eID, op o*97Nbjn  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ;+K:^*oJ  
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    '************************************************************************* !J
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens F0:Fv;  
    '************************************************************************* ,0[8/)$M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ]g3&gw  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $f>Mz|j  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant l3n* b6  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Zb-TCS+3l  
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    '************************************************************************* 7^Uv1ezDR  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens btw_k+Fh  
    '************************************************************************* 0sVCTJ@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) iKV;>gF,)v  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 2j-|.l c  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost h+zJ"\  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost R|{AIa{}  
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    '************************************************************************* /7|u2!#Ui  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8gJ"7,}-'  
    '************************************************************************* ~FH''}3:3
 
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) X1:|   
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Bcrd}'no  
    count = 0 s\#kqw\x  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count LYGFEjS[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op u%a2"G|  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then TuwH?{ FzK  
            DeleteOperation eID,count U/yYQZ\)  
            count=count-1 w|>:mQnU  
        End If $rs7D}VNc  
        count=count+1 c;w c
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    Wend C5i]n? )S  
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    'Set new z-shift _.J{U0N  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (Z)  
    op.val1 = tlens eL^,-3JA(]  
    op.parent = parID @`k!7? Sq  
    AddOperation eID, op f!P.=Qo[=  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 8l>/ZZ.NXi  
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    '************************************************************************* 6;dB   
    'Lens index of refraction T9{94Ra  
    '************************************************************************* *ky5SM(NR  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" )
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ]5x N^7_!j  
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    mat.Nd = nlens  p(Y'fd}  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Kx*;!3-V$  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $"J+3mO  
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    '************************************************************************* |w6:mtaS  
    'Pupil diameter r4Pm i  
    '************************************************************************* wi:]oo#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) -[`,MZf  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) n0O- Bxhl  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" & @^|=>L  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens %l,p />r  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0mH>fs 4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) q3T'rw%Eh  
    count = 0 n8A
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count nW{). P  
        GetOperation eID, count, op vNd4Fn)H  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]^VC@$\)+  
            DeleteOperation eID,count <2diO=  
            count=count-1 ~k+-))pf  
        End If xV~`sqf  
        count=count+1 !(w\%$|  
    Wend ;-n+=@]7  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ZR6KE_  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 \2: JX?Jw!  
    op.parent = parID  -"\z|OQ  
    AddOperation eID, op ;wp)E nF  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam P[8`]=  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description "npj%O<bd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) HMS9_#[kE  
    GetEntity eID, entity K S,X$)9  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 2y,NT|jp  
    SetEntity eID, entity 7zgU>$i  
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    Update hR[Qdu6r  
    Print "DONE!" 9-Qub+0o  
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End Sub ]EE}ax%#aq  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： hoO8s#0ED  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm v /G,  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 V!DQ_T+a  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 F[l{pc "C  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 'X<R)E  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 X@\rg}kP  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 DKF`uRvGN:  
Set pupil diameter = 4 qI) Yzc/  
DONE! UKZsq5Q  
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