[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 qMD!No  
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模型 RfP>V/jy5  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 R-Y|;  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 9Vp|a&Ana  
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光源 )9sRDNr  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 PZn[Yb:  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 v?b9TE  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 *2O4*Q1  
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视网膜的散射 MB423{
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 x\ieWF1  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 8y;W+I(71  
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脚本 H"PnX-fGN  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： @fR^":.h  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ]PVPt,c  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ]=v_u9;  
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分析 uLV@D r   

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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 [9f TN2'z  
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脚本代码 H!U\;ny  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. `_Bvaej?,  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY /3D!,V,  
Dim op As T_OPERATION D*+uH;ws  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL a p-\R  
Dim A As Double Y%9S4be  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 0'!v
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Dim eID As Long b#0y-bR  
Dim parID As Long qM F'
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Dim count As Integer & f7{3BK  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double "Y@rNmBj  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ,eq[X\B>  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double t1p}
  
Dim ok As Long UF)rBAv(/  
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Sub Main /G$8j$  
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    '用户输入对话框 $,ev <4I&  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 }B2H)dG^K  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 PbOLN$hP  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 v(^{P  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 QjETu  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 _[8xq:G  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 03?TT,y$  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Q\G8R^9j p  
    End Dialog bF %#KSVw  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog }OO(uC2  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ]T\K-;i  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed LLv~yS O  
        Print "Execution cancelled." <mlQn?u  
        End C5QPt  
    End If 2<}^m/}  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty y XZZ)i_  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then {\22C `9t  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation }h<\qvCcU  
    Else
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) DQW^;Ls  
    End If :T3I"  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 6N(Wv0b $  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter RC Fb&,51  
    Else N'R^S98x  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) sKIWr{D  
    End If 8}Rwf?B  
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    Print " " P\;lH"9  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" [dFxW6n  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" p,}-8#K[  

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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation B9|!8V  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness `),7*gn*)  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Gxv@a   
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens |Q:$G!/  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens =]E(iR_&  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens p?X.I]=vRv  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness e/lfT?J\  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction s$6zA j!  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation J]i=SX+ 9  
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    '************************************************************************* u7G@VZ Ux5  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) XyJ*>;q  
    '************************************************************************* +Y(cs&V*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) o!L1Qrh  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ,eOOV@3C  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) o
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 3;~1rw=$<  
    count = 0 *MW)APw=  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +o(t5O[G  
        GetOperation eID, count, op W%b<(T;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0z/tceW'F  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Lx,"jA/  
            count=count-1 hXM8`iFW5  
        End If K"VphKvR  
        count=count+1 Q6Y1Jr">X  
    Wend @Ek''a$  
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    'Set new shift in w{)*'8oCB  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" PXm{GLXRS;  
    op.val1 = taq xy
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    op.parent = parID <(`dU&&%"}  
    AddOperation eID, op Ya*lq! u  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 +mhYr]Z  
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    '************************************************************************* WGKN>nV  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens fL ng[&  
    '************************************************************************* K`* 8*k{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) &+6XdhX  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #rMMOu9r2  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant p.TR1BHw  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant mu)?SGpyE  
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    '************************************************************************* 0vmMNF  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens rtv\Pf|  
    '************************************************************************* Bka\0+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) XV1#/@H;  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic f}^}d"&F  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost >`n0{:.1za  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost b
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    '************************************************************************* O7ceSz  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ].]yqD4P  
    '************************************************************************* '@2pOq  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f<9H#S:  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) d]VL(&  
    count = 0 .x$+R%5U  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count gSEj/
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        GetOperation eID, count, op +N"A5U  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  ;4 R1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count IGEf*!  
            count=count-1 6xr$  
        End If bM_Y(TgJ  
        count=count+1 kLR4?tX!  
    Wend K+dkImkh  
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    'Set new z-shift r1EccY  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" {,*G}/9<  
    op.val1 = tlens  }XaO~]  
    op.parent = parID !1C3{  
    AddOperation eID, op *PMvA1eN=#  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens WG NuB9R  
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    '************************************************************************* !~04^(  
    'Lens index of refraction yY4*/w7*j4  
    '************************************************************************* HC*=E.J  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Wd_bDZQ  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat !Y!Cv %  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Y"D'|i  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat T.d+@ZV<#  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 3^q,'!PfB  
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    '************************************************************************* ^)rX27!G  
    'Pupil diameter zAC   
    '************************************************************************* j*x8K,fN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) v#a`*^ ^  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) TOn{o}Y B  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" *;Dd:D9  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens lu`\6  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Pr{?A]dQ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) &1%W-&bc6  
    count = 0 m/|>4~  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4wX{N   
        GetOperation eID, count, op chQt8Ar3  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Y]{<IF:  
            DeleteOperation eID,count a~Sf~ka  
            count=count-1 "Fy34T0N  
        End If zPe4WE|  
        count=count+1 =#&K\  
    Wend pB|L%#.cW  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 'C1=(PE%`  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 i^G/)bq  
    op.parent = parID |0U"#xkf  
    AddOperation eID, op eQx9Vn
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ^uW](2  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description {lT9gJ+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3uwu}aw  
    GetEntity eID, entity miCt)Qd  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" WiH%URFB  
    SetEntity eID, entity -TU7GCb=  
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    Update LU_@8i:  
    Print "DONE!" :&mYz(1q  
     '
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End Sub 8JAA?0L"'  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： %.r{+m  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters D'YF[l  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm k;3Bv
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 jj0@ez{3  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 O_nk8  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 b,Ed}Ir  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 3P6pQm'.f  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 P!,\V\TY]  
Set pupil diameter = 4 xrA(#\}f$  
DONE!
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