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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 AGJ=de.  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 7F9g:r/^  
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    模型 .' 2gJ"?,  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 fJ"~XTN}T  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. & Dl'*|  
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    光源 ^xNe Eb  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ' /<b[  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 pB7Z;&9  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ^sn>p}Tg  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 W;g+R-  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 AXv;r<  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Qnb?hvb"d  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 \C2P{q/m  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 QZa#i L  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: [W;dguh  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 #5:A?aj  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 lJY=*KB(6  
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    分析 } 9s  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 R9-JjG2v  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 T9<nD"=:  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. vA-p} ]%  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY =(5GU<}  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION W3/Stt$D  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL TY[d%rMm  
    Dim A As Double l@J|p#0q  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Ns= b&Uyc  
    Dim eID As Long mXM>6>;y  
    Dim parID As Long ,fJ(.KI0  
    Dim count As Integer J9c3d~YW  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double +Qvgpx>  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double mKn357:  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 9v,8OK)  
    Dim ok As Long ftuQ"Ds  
    +F&]BZ  
    Sub Main %FFm[[nxI  
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        '用户输入对话框 ;C3?Ic  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 `+;oo B  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 rAw1g,&  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 lBZ*G  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 w} q@VVB%  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 U`_vF~el~  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ER0#$yFpM  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 J}KktD@!O  
        End Dialog >Io7h#[u  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog .p~;U|h"  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) cP=mJ1  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed  CyDf[C)=  
            Print "Execution cancelled." /l%qq*Ew  
            End % peb{i  
        End If U (7P X`1  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty dk`!UtNNRa  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then (w B[ ]O$@  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation Qnx92   
        Else L([>yQZ  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) A1$'[8U~3  
        End If rL3Vogw'e  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then e"mfJY  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 'X<uG x  
        Else {;M/J  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) J c^ozw  
        End If x99 Oq!  
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        Print " " 0j MI)aY.  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" F|{?GV%hF  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" )p9n|C  
    08jQq#  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation &uW.V+3  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness .cog9H'  
    }"H900WE|  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens FWTl:LqFO  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ]%hI-  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Y @&nW  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens x[6Bc  
    8}T3Fig,q  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness B*N8:u  
    .e#j#tQp  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction P~Owvs/=  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation zZiVBUmE<  
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        '************************************************************************* Av]N.HB$  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) x^BBK'  
        '************************************************************************* t}l<#X5  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) z# B) b5  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity Ooy96M~_G  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }C#d;JC  
    ohk =7d.'  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z &>+Z$ZD  
        count = 0 '|R|7nQAj  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8;3FTF  
            GetOperation eID, count, op r'?&VS-Cj  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -H]O&u3'c  
                DeleteOperation eID,count qChPT:a  
                count=count-1 P 'k39  
            End If W#\4"'=I  
            count=count+1 6V/mR~F1r  
        Wend ~VF,qspO  
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        'Set new shift in XW:(FzF  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" e(A&VIp  
        op.val1 = taq i%w'Cs0y  
        op.parent = parID 4HAfTQ 1G  
        AddOperation eID, op  ^k=[P  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 n1h+`nsf  
    kfV}w,  
        '************************************************************************* JJXf%o0yq  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens k2;yl _7  
        '************************************************************************* gO36tc:ce  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) VF.S)='>Eu  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0nAS4Az  
    m`aUz}Y>c  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant E)bP}:4V  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Ye\%o[X  
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        '************************************************************************* ><HXd+- sd  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens %l,EA#89 s  
        '************************************************************************* QH:i)v*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) T^W8_rm *3  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic x g@;d  
    `SWK(='  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost #=rI[KI  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost R?R6|4  
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        '************************************************************************* RIlPH~  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) X8<ygci+.5  
        '************************************************************************* :tMWy m  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Im =E?t  
    )`a R?_  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) )erPp@  
        count = 0 Ghz)=3  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _G42|lA$/  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ):\L#>:w  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then v{+*/NQ_  
                DeleteOperation eID,count KT}}=st%  
                count=count-1 q#1um @m3  
            End If O<5bsKw'r  
            count=count+1 )xU70:X  
        Wend (1R,   
    zKZ6Qjd8!  
        'Set new z-shift aOOY_S E  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" EC7o 3LoND  
        op.val1 = tlens {k>m5L  
        op.parent = parID /D~:Ufw  
        AddOperation eID, op f;*\y!|lg~  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens w t}a`hxu  
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        '************************************************************************* _h#G-  
        'Lens index of refraction -$*YN{D+  
        '************************************************************************* v^pE= f*/  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) na~ r}7 7o  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat `8Gwf;P1  
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        mat.Nd = nlens 8Og9P1jVh  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat \J6T:jeS,  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens |tmD`ndO  
    J{91 t |  
        '************************************************************************* b]Jh0B~Y  
        'Pupil diameter G$q=WM!%#s  
        '************************************************************************* xH0Bk<`V:  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) dW91nTQ:  
    6w54+n  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) N$. ''D?7D  
    edm&,ph]  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" X|b~,X%N  
    2'++G[z  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens _A(J^;?  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) FQ[::*-  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 1m&(3% #{  
        count = 0 .DT1Jvl  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  zE{.oi  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ]wP)!UZ  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,Ti#g8j  
                DeleteOperation eID,count D[<8(~VP  
                count=count-1 7Y_S%B:F  
            End If 4ed( DSN  
            count=count+1 <K)^MLgN  
        Wend 0 {w?u%'  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" O,7P6  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 5}1cNp6@  
        op.parent = parID mI l_ [  
        AddOperation eID, op C! :\H<gI  
    gB?#T  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam e+S%` Sg  
    #T+%$q [:  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description zd+8fP/UB  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |n0 )s% 8`  
        GetEntity eID, entity l( "_JI  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 98A ;R  
        SetEntity eID, entity & %1XYpA.0  
    ]zu" x9-`  
        Update ,Xao{o(  
        Print "DONE!" z"R-Sme  
         I#m5Tl|#  
    End Sub ^oj)#(3C  
    S&9{kt|BI  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: 9Y~A2C  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters #;H+Kb5O  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ;/$zBr`'  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 P#6y  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 p9Ks=\yvL  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 S=2-<R  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 p1CY?K  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 nKch _Jb  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Q4C28-#  
    DONE!  z>hA1*Ti  
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    QQ:2987619807 Ly lw('zZ  
     
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