[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 >Z%qkU/  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 v:.`~h/b  
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模型 o&-c5X4  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 8/4i7oOC  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Vm6 0aXm_  
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光源 2g'o5B
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 8<#S:O4kA  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 %N.qu_,IZ  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 tZ4Zj`x|^  
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视网膜的散射 #}y(D{zc  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 <OR f{  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 P%%[_6<%M  
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脚本 m`3Mev  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Zcq4?-&  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 3jaY\(`%h  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 S zqY@  
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分析 k~P{Rm;F  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ? FlV<nE"J  
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脚本代码 fD>0  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. E\ 'X|/$a  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY IQ9jTkW l  
Dim op As T_OPERATION [
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL {1jywb }  
Dim A As Double q^.\8zFf  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ZJ|@^^GcL  
Dim eID As Long  `LWZ!Q  
Dim parID As Long %uVbI'n)  
Dim count As Integer nV$ctdusQ  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ":o1g5?  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double -_>g=a@&  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double $1(FN+ Mb  
Dim ok As Long XIrNT:h4  
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Sub Main *C0gpEf9S  
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    '用户输入对话框 GA8cA)]zOD  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 wn$:L9"YN  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 0lvX,78G;  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 zF F=v7[j  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 wu2AhMGmw  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ~6hG"t]:  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 H$ sNp\[{  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 )kE(%q:*P$  
    End Dialog bnWKfz5  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog T21SuM  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 8J-;/  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed P'nby
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        Print "Execution cancelled." :EUV#5V.  
        End I)-u)P?2x  
    End If >Kd(.r[Er  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty E"[^^<I  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then _n3Jf<Y  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ~YuRi#CTD:  
    Else \E'Nk$V3  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1)
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    End If u%#s_R  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then oadlyqlw#  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter P80z@!  
    Else SZ
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) dwc$?Bg,5  
    End If by {G{M`X  
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    Print " " ==psPyLF@  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ZOFBT(oV  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" oE&Zf/  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation _+,2b:D:  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness NVnKgGlHgd  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens (u]ajT  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens k3m|I*_\L  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 6'Sc=;;:  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 's{-1aW  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ;8~`fK  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction NgKbf vt  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation PL8{|Q  
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    '************************************************************************* S^
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) LnJ/t(KV  
    '************************************************************************* y+RT[*bX5o  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y(:hN)  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity >GiM?*cC  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `hM:U  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z SVp]}!jI  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count I~S`'()J  
        GetOperation eID, count, op yZ,k8TJ",  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then i:WHql"Kw_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @A6\v+ih  
            count=count-1 _Z6/r^c  
        End If qy@gW@IU  
        count=count+1 J`O4]XRY  
    Wend 8\8uXOS  
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    'Set new shift in GI$t8{M  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" >b-rAO\{}  
    op.val1 = taq 0$,Ag;"^?  
    op.parent = parID $B4}('&4FQ  
    AddOperation eID, op `sN3iD!@R  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 9B'l+nP  
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    '************************************************************************* F|V_iC+  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens %_1~z[Dv  
    '************************************************************************* Wuosr3P  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 6mEW*qp2F  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic UL[4sv6\9  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant z$-/yT"M  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 7&klX  
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    '************************************************************************* xn@?CP`-y  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens CBSJY&:K  
    '************************************************************************* %@Ks<"9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) .,,?[TI  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic +M@G 8l  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost F4Ft~:a  
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    '************************************************************************* @D"#B@j  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 1elcP`N1  
    '************************************************************************* 6FSw_[)  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) M)EKS  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) gKb4n Nt  
    count = 0 (L|SE4  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2I?HBz1v  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 4,s: G.g  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then <$Uj ~jN  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ]vQo^nOo  
            count=count-1 UXQ{J5Ox+  
        End If V.Xz n  
        count=count+1 wc bs-arH  
    Wend #A]7cMZ'W  
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    'Set new z-shift |,dMF2ADc  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" QJdSNkc6  
    op.val1 = tlens }~QB2&3  
    op.parent = parID `yYgL@Zt  
    AddOperation eID, op gyCb\y+\a  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens .[2MPjg  
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    '************************************************************************* XN=<s;U
 
    'Lens index of refraction ;%dkwKO  
    '************************************************************************* 7U.g4x|<  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 6^{ hY^Z  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat c_ygwO3.Q  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ]; ^OY\,  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat =53LapTPJ  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens i+&="Z@  
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    '************************************************************************* RX2= iO"  
    'Pupil diameter 'hya#rC&(  
    '************************************************************************* {f^30Fw  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) R@VO3zsW  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) XIjSwR kYJ  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" uhc0,V;S  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ]LSa(7>EU  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) E0O{5YF^T  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) TJ;v}HSo  
    count = 0 5\4>H6  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2OT6*+D  
        GetOperation eID, count, op e#nTp b  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then +:'Po.{"  
            DeleteOperation eID,count oC7#6W:@w  
            count=count-1 rXm!3E6JL  
        End If wd#AA#J;*  
        count=count+1 E?9_i :IX  
    Wend wj'iU&aca  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" e0$m
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 xrX("ili  
    op.parent = parID so8-e  
    AddOperation eID, op .<NXk"\!y  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam RDqC$Gu  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description H~G=0_S  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) F_r eBPx  
    GetEntity eID, entity kcOpO<oE  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ^|K*lI/  
    SetEntity eID, entity ffB]4  
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    Update &&y@/<t  
    Print "DONE!" {(q Un  
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End Sub Q-au)R,  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ttKfZ0  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters (qG$u&  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm U)PumU+z$u  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 @'rO=(-b  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 [ho'Pc3A<  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 y(S0 2v>l  
Set lens thickness = 3.927  y]+A7|  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 }I10hy~W  
Set pupil diameter = 4 LPNv4lT[u  
DONE! .cabw+&7  
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