[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 cI'n[G  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 $

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模型 V~[b`&F  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 #55:qc>m  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.  Q&xH  
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光源 I51]+gEN  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 sWte&  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 tngB;9c+w  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 QR#>Ws  
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视网膜的散射 TPJF?.le '  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 a%B&F|u  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 7Dbm s(:(  
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脚本 bpwA|H%{M  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： /S]RP>cQ  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ?I6rW JcQ6  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 BA:x*(%~  
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分析 s6 g"uF>k  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 
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脚本代码 s)]jX  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. _M`ZF*o=c  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY z9ADF(J?0'  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ?Tc#[B  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL (0NffM1  
Dim A As Double Q 84t=  
Dim pupilDiam As Double I@KM2KMN  
Dim eID As Long 6/8K2_UeoW  
Dim parID As Long xc#t8`  
Dim count As Integer x8rg/y  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 5U~KYy^v  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double %42a>piev  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double r&E gP  
Dim ok As Long |&=-Nm  
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Sub Main [Jt}^  
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    '用户输入对话框 8D )nM|  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 *,$5EN  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 bXnUz?1!d  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 \s*M5oN]]  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 /9R0}4i7  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 fIoc)T  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 :0l+x0l}  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 7{F\b  
    End Dialog M_ukG~/  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog wN!\$i@E:  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) [LnPV2@e  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed !l $d^y345  
        Print "Execution cancelled." :'DyZy2Fd  
        End Qfn:5B]tI  
    End If _Z0 .c@0  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty t<Acq07  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then g{
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation Z`tmuu  
    Else oPmz$]_Z  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) YcobK#c  
    End If 0DicrnH8  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ))=6g@(  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 0V~zZ/e  
    Else nEsD+}E?  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) i&:SWH=  
    End If NuQ!huh  
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    Print " " k77IXT_7u  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" U*C^g}iA  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" MR1I"gqE}I  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation %P0  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 0 %~~IT}U  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens *K|~]r(F?  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 3*h"B$g!  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens qk<jvha  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens K KB+o)*W  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 9w=7A>.U  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ?9
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation N\PdX$  
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    '************************************************************************* N#ggT9>X  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) qLCNANWnd  
    '************************************************************************* F{ %*(U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) <<0sv9qw1  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity "TA0--6  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) @}4aF|  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z A08kwYxiW  
    count = 0 wtYgHC}X  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2=_$&oT**  
        GetOperation eID, count, op }b\hRy~=r  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |SOLC  
            DeleteOperation eID,count #yH+ENp0   
            count=count-1 T[SK>z  
        End If a$=~1@  
        count=count+1 76tn`4NIP  
    Wend OIPY,cj~  
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    'Set new shift in ,-Hj  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" mXz*Gi  
    op.val1 = taq EX8+3>)  
    op.parent = parID !h.hJt  
    AddOperation eID, op U823q-x  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 w-n}&f  
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    '************************************************************************* 3&y-xZu]  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens BEOPZ[Q|c  
    '************************************************************************* Wq4<9D  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) :IZAdlz[@  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;dzL9P9IU  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant #Nh'1@@  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant (F&LN!Hn>p  
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    '************************************************************************* m#'eDO
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Y!L-5|G  
    '************************************************************************* osXEzr(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) pT|
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic D|ceZ <9x  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost t$$YiO  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost T_D3WHp  
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    '************************************************************************* *:n7B\.  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Lng. X8D  
    '*************************************************************************
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) M G$+
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ?>B?*IK!  
    count = 0 q@wD@_  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count c]uieig0~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ZPH_s^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;O}%SCF7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count gO8d2?Oh  
            count=count-1 Fl_}Auj{&(  
        End If ':(AiD-}  
        count=count+1 23tX"e  
    Wend a<&K^M&  
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    'Set new z-shift N~,Ipf  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _3aE]\O[  
    op.val1 = tlens 9K@I  
    op.parent = parID 3
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    AddOperation eID, op SZW_V6\t>  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens HS<Jp44  
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    '************************************************************************* j1;[6XG  
    'Lens index of refraction _|u}^ML
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    '************************************************************************* ~s+vJvWz  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) bh@CtnO  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Yk|6?e{+)  
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    mat.Nd = nlens =_`q;Tu=  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat jQV[zcM  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens n}UJ-\$  
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    '************************************************************************* *F1TZ_GS  
    'Pupil diameter e8<}{N0,n  
    '************************************************************************* Z4i))%or  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) >pp/4Ia!  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) kf'(u..G  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" "<=4]Z  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Da 7(jA+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) TnN ythwZ  
    count = 0 KdkL_GSLT  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count UDI\o1Rbp  
        GetOperation eID, count, op a(vt"MQ_  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >1`4]%  
            DeleteOperation eID,count F\r"Y)|b=  
            count=count-1 1Rd|P<y  
        End If { YQS fk  
        count=count+1 , @jtD*c)  
    Wend NW
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :2KHiT5  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 `/[5/%  
    op.parent = parID dE"_gwtX  
    AddOperation eID, op O5r8Ghf)  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam =Q<VU/  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description d3q%[[@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]B )nN':  
    GetEntity eID, entity ~Y`ys[Z m  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" *1EmK.-'u  
    SetEntity eID, entity 8vuTF*{yZ  
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    Update ?7NSp2aq2A  
    Print "DONE!" u~OlJ1V  
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End Sub 9;LjM ~Ct  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ]6M<c[H>  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters e$s&B!qJ  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm !!Ww#x~k$[  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 >s5}pkAv|e  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Az@@+?,%Y  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 W7n^]~V  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 BX$<5S@  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ^>E>\uz0v  
Set pupil diameter = 4 v'?Smd1v /  
DONE! 8?82 p  
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