[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 X'Q$v~/  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ^~(vP:  
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模型 Qvs}{h/  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 `h
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. !<]%V]5[_  
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光源 R-J\c+C>W  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 =)m2u2c M  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ?"PUw3V3lB  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 E\#hcvP  
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视网膜的散射 }kI-UEn$EP  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 X>EwJ"q#  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ws Lg6  
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脚本 vGO-a2Z  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： BKfcK>%g  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 P%f],f  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 H1rge<  
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分析 wxVf6`  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 w-};\]I  
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脚本代码 LEvdPG$)  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. /4+M0Pl  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ~F^=7oq  
Dim op As T_OPERATION -}@3,G  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 048BQ  
Dim A As Double [>::@[  
Dim pupilDiam As Double  d_gm'  
Dim eID As Long o0&jel1a  
Dim parID As Long L B1ui  
Dim count As Integer kM|ak
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double pbKDtqSnz  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double :XEr{X  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double CUfD[un2D  
Dim ok As Long YuSe~~F)j  
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Sub Main QgO@oV*S  
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    '用户输入对话框 "12.Bi.O"[  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 S*Un$ngAh  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 tKrr5SRb  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ."l@aE=|  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ;H/*%2  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 B5*{85p(u  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 `YAqR?Xj_<  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 2-j+-B|i  
    End Dialog J!O5`k*.C  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog HiCNs;t  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Q\&FuU  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Brr{iBz*"  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ZXljCiNn+\  
        End ^%-$8sV  
    End If U(]
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Gp'rN}i^  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ;X-~C.7k  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 1O*5>dkX;%  
    Else yjvzA|(YC  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) >'wl)j$  
    End If "8%B (a 5A  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then xCFk1%qf  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ))|Wm}  
    Else K#H}=Y A  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) =i
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    End If \~d|MP}"F:  
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    Print " " 5:/ zbt\C  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" s$css{(ek  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" z(d@!Cd  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation K@Q_q/(%;  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness )(~4fA5j)  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Wz}RJC7p  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens $D +6=m[  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens l-xKfp`  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens J*$u  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness zQM3n =y  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction \c3zK|^  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation +gqtW86  
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    '************************************************************************* YMOy
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) -jnx0{/  
    '************************************************************************* xZW6Hk_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) P1)f-:;  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity [~9rp]<  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) pV{MW#e  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z S/G6NBnbS  
    count = 0 N|K,{ p^li  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count L9nv05B  
        GetOperation eID, count, op OY7\
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6*cG>I.Z  
            DeleteOperation eID,count l{F^"_
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            count=count-1 sc'QNhrW  
        End If u,e'5,`N  
        count=count+1 Yn4c6K  
    Wend Ac;rMwXk#  
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    'Set new shift in LWE[]1=  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" H6(kxpOI\  
    op.val1 = taq ^N}zePy0  
    op.parent = parID g3Q]W(F%$  
    AddOperation eID, op qawb9Iud0  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 }[XzM/t  
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    '************************************************************************* H~E(~fl  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens {WUW.(^]G  
    '************************************************************************* .4Ob?ZS(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 1
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic w='1uV<6  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Q<W9<&VZe  
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    '************************************************************************* Z&FC:4!!  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens %Z~,F?  
    '************************************************************************* k%-_z}:3V  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) AujvKQ(  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %"^$$$6%  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost U;Z6o1G  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost wLwAtjW)  
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    '************************************************************************* x)0g31 49  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) csE 9N
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    '************************************************************************* "+3p??h%Rq  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) # D"TY-$.=  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) wHm{4  
    count = 0 !9=hUpRN  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `$oGgz6ZT  
        GetOperation eID, count, op hZ|*=/3k  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }M?\BH&  
            DeleteOperation eID,count *O-1zIlp  
            count=count-1 pOP`n3m0  
        End If N%N%  
        count=count+1 UwOZBF<  
    Wend ?8[,0l:|  
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    'Set new z-shift %7=B?c|  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" YW55iyM  
    op.val1 = tlens 
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    op.parent = parID H_)\:gTG  
    AddOperation eID, op RM\it"g  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens K +n  
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    '************************************************************************* MMg"G6?  
    'Lens index of refraction /Am,5X.  
    '************************************************************************* 0<*R 0  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Z$!>hiz2  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat {^>dQ+Sx7  
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    mat.Nd = nlens &!> )EHGV  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat X`bN/sI  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens f)w>V3~w,  
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    '************************************************************************* am,UUJ+h>  
    'Pupil diameter )RA$E`!b  
    '************************************************************************* <#AS[Q[N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 8CKN^8E  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) xGsg'  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" P2_UQ  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens  fp!Ba  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #xL^S9P  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" )
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    count = 0 8a{S*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?K,xx
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        GetOperation eID, count, op &K2J$(.t  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then y<r7_ysi  
            DeleteOperation eID,count USF&;M3  
            count=count-1 %oVoE2T{@  
        End If bOR1V\Jr$q  
        count=count+1 gP=(2EVE  
    Wend <=WSX{_D  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" nXHU|5.I  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 {pJ{UJKv?  
    op.parent = parID y4* }E  
    AddOperation eID, op sOzmw^7   
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam [/_M!&zz2  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description !V|i\O|Q2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) UeNa  
    GetEntity eID, entity JU^{!u  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" >C,=elM  
    SetEntity eID, entity qK}4r5U  
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    Update N"-</kzV  
    Print "DONE!" Y rq-(  
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End Sub ')C%CAYW  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： #$q~ZKB  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters >y&Db  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Vgy}0pCl  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 s;oDwT1  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6zuWG0t  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 -h=K]Y{`  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 EC[2rROn\  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Z"spua5  
Set pupil diameter = 4 &)F8i#M  
DONE! +E.}k!y  
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