[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 b(McH*_8e  
.4-I^W"1  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 k1   
+: oD?h  
模型 K;_.WzWD=  
Q&Ox\*sMK  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 9p5{,9.3*  
9AROvq|#  
>{]mN5  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. <r{ )*]#l  
YOHYXhc{S  
光源 =2=n   
Kzd`|+?'`M  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 -j 6U{l  
>@o}l:*  
I=3e@aTZ,  
ii:h E=  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ,3{z_Rax-  
(SlrV8;  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 De*Z UN|<  
?>p<!:E!r  
Q`]El<$  
G;%Pf9o26  
视网膜的散射 Ur]~>-Z  
uUczD 8y  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 $LF  
w*Gv#B9G
  
7gV"pa
  
NgnHo\)  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ( |1 $zF+  
\ l+RX*  
_r}oYs%1  
LyB$~wZx~@  
脚本 [k9aY$baT^  
rwlV\BU
  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： X]Emz"   
:fr2K  
61Nj&1Ze  
qG/a5i  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 %&yD^q_  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 S4]xxc  
Lj$yGdK<  
分析 sM?bUg0w  
,0#5k
c*X  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 0O>8DX  
.Jz$)R  
PZF>ia}  
脚本代码 )T:{(v7 d`  
9Osjh G  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. @$~ BU;kR  
,$habq=;  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY ~4wbIE_rN  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 'A,&9E{%1  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL sa`7_KB  
Dim A As Double :XMw="u=  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ?J+[|*'yK  
Dim eID As Long *0y+=,"QU  
Dim parID As Long vL13~q*F  
Dim count As Integer ` BH8v  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double AjaG.fa]k  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ML0o:8Bd\  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double !GMb~  
Dim ok As Long ";j/k9DE  
2C%{A  
Sub Main J[UL f7:  
,{7wvXP  
    '用户输入对话框 Um\Nd#=:  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 kRskeMr:Rd  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 i6r%;ueLb  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1  |Gjd  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 9c806>]U^  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 mqk~Pno|<  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 v|jBRKU99  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 # 3uXgZi  
    End Dialog 7I`e5\ u  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog /yIkHb^c  
q:-8W[_
 
    ok = Dialog (dlg) &:8a[C2=  
~,Q+E8  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed d> Y9g  
        Print "Execution cancelled." [Y*p I&f  
        End A75IG4]  
    End If i}RxTmG<  
UioLu90 P  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty oj@B'j  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then !yH&l6s  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation E$f.&<>T  
    Else c3!d4mC:  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) S'V0c%'QQV  
    End If +"T?.,  
R{@WlkG}  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then -sGfpLy<6  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter iO3@2J  
    Else LKxyj@Eq  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) `#2}[D   
    End If vhZpYW8  
&~G>pvZ  
    Print " " 9pStArF?F0  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" z)q9O_g9  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 8@Xq ,J  
&iL"=\#  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation qJVW :$1q  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness +D`IcR-x  
# o)a`,f  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens zfO0+fMH  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens \Q?r+VZ  
?^2(|t9KU  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens
z`xdRe{QP  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens [st4FaQ36  
U9IN#;W  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness *xM4nUu<~  
>Rjk d>K3  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction jUZ84Gm{  
4iRcmsP  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation &I:5<zK{  
M2[;b+W9  
    '************************************************************************* lycY1lK  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 5)2lZ(5.A#  
    '************************************************************************* 3rTYe6q$U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) nv*q N\i'  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity }9aYU;9D  
Q~#udEajI  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &2Q4{i  
HzF  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z BE:HO^-.1  
    count = 0 #)tt}GX  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count C\j|+s  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 60*2k  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then n87B[R  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 5<GC  
            count=count-1 ^hq`dr|R=  
        End If YbND2i  
        count=count+1 g599Lc&  
    Wend e54wAypPOl  
6OF&Q`*4  
    'Set new shift in sikG}p0mx<  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" EQ-r  
    op.val1 = taq {l%Of  
    op.parent = parID tz)aQ6p\X  
    AddOperation eID, op {PnvQ?|Z  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 vXAO#'4tm%  
H? Z5ex  
    '************************************************************************* kKr7c4q  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens E;*#
fD~@  
    '************************************************************************* `6)GjZh^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) \ty{KAc&  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic uwXquOw  
7$b!-I+a2  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant *R m>bLI  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ']WS@MbJ  
y$Sn3_9 V  
    '************************************************************************* casva;  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens WolkW:(Cg  
    '************************************************************************* $d3al%Uo  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) b lP@Cn2  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic y>_lxLhmO#  
SpU+y|\[0  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost &q^\*<B.^  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost =J
&vr  
I} m\(TS-"  
    '************************************************************************* ;!q _+P  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) =&;orP  
    '************************************************************************* !}<d6&!py  
rU=qr&f"B  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (/UW}$] h  
'G;y!<a  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ?& qMC  
    count = 0 %4|*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  $A]2Iw!&  
        GetOperation eID, count, op @E %:ALJ  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then h+<vWo}H  
            DeleteOperation eID,count S.pL^Ru  
            count=count-1 +!h~T5Ck  
        End If 8[\F*H  
        count=count+1 @E;'Ffo  
    Wend %N$,1=0*  
r"sK@  
    'Set new z-shift Q>Voa&tYn  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2fFZ70
Yh  
    op.val1 = tlens ]rGZ  
    op.parent = parID :,Z'/e0&  
    AddOperation eID, op 6<X.]"u+E~  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens .sI*\@w.  

z*n  
    '*************************************************************************
h_#x@
p  
    'Lens index of refraction v EppkS U1  
    '************************************************************************* 3D32'KO_"  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) FcVQ_6  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ]^j:}#R  
kZ7\zbN>  
    mat.Nd = nlens {w:*t)@j  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat J<hqF4z  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens VBnD:w"z  
nb-]fa  
    '************************************************************************* ^/@Z4(E  
    'Pupil diameter =h5&:?X  
    '************************************************************************* e.-+zkQ8EI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) WK$75G,  
zntvKOIh  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) } DQ<YF+  
2E5n07,
 
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" i!0w? /g9  
v~E\u  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens {zzc/!|  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }_Y&kaM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) TQ`s&8"P  
    count = 0 <14,xYpE  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %!DdjC&5*  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 5rp,xk!  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -c%#Hd  
            DeleteOperation eID,count cdd6*+E  
            count=count-1 B|9[DNd  
        End If *^[m?3"W  
        count=count+1 oF'_x,0  
    Wend <MK4
#I1I  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" zXX=WH  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 N"/J1   
    op.parent = parID Z4ekBdmCL  
    AddOperation eID, op !s^[|2D_U  
[A jY~  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam YQ? "~[mL  
2/o_,k  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description `L~gERW#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6&oaxAp<s  
    GetEntity eID, entity .+3~ w  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 8O^<#lh  
    SetEntity eID, entity !2=m |,  
OQnb^fabY  
    Update =;L44.,g  
    Print "DONE!" (#e,tu  
     K92nh/}y  
End Sub pu-X -j  
r..&6-%:N  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： \9t/*%:  
k'6x_ G  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters hqDnmzG  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm g9~QNA  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 P>U7RX e  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 $I0&I[_LzK  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 '@6O3z_{  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 .n\j<Kq  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Z\[6'R4.#  
Set pupil diameter = 4 "J(T?|t  
DONE! O'rz  
]0o_- NI  
;$.^  
QQ：2987619807 !8Y$}