[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 &6Wim<*  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 )A;jBfr  
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模型 IgF#f%|Q  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 a'G[!"  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. toox`|  
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光源 t1l
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 1rmN)  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 \?k"AtL  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 wB*}XJah  
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视网膜的散射 e]d\S]5  

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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 NEM
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脚本 htqC~B{1E  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： x@"`KiEUs  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 a`QKNrA2  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 \M-$|04Qt  
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分析 Q-S5("  

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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 h`p9H2}0  
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脚本代码 p[gq^5WuC  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. V\><6v  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY !F*CEcB  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 8:(e~? f6  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <DM:YWNa  
Dim A As Double wrt^0n'r)c  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 79
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Dim eID As Long _:,U$W  
Dim parID As Long _LSf )  
Dim count As Integer -7l)m
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double cn!Y7LVr  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double L%O( I  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double p^QB^HEV  
Dim ok As Long )OcG$H NK  
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Sub Main v/lQ5R1  
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    '用户输入对话框 u~a@:D/F{G  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 UKxeN[fv  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 JdeGQ  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 s\dF7/b  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 c 7uryL  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 DN;An0 {MK  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Enj],I  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 /?P="j#u  
    End Dialog &-0eWwMW  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog HNtl>H  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) D#,P-0+%  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed v(tr:[V  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Pa!r*(M)C  
        End 6+[7UH~pm^  
    End If q9&d24|  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty mT2Fn8yC1  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then UF00K1dbz  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation _:tisr
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    Else z2lEHa?w  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) UE9r1g`z  
    End If C}{$'#DV2  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Wg+fT{[f|  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter {~ngI<  
    Else n3kYVAgF  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) wz P")}[0  
    End If }~RH!Q1  
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    Print " " w<]Wg^dyQ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" b}[W[J}`  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" YbrsXp"  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation f`jRLo*L  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ? h$>7|  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 3'WS6B+  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens H[{ch t h  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens =y/VrF.bV  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens sGCV um}  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ;Vad| -  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction '%>$\Lv  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 'lU9*e9  
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    '************************************************************************* v|XEC[F  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) shlL(&Py  
    '************************************************************************* 8yH) 8:w  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) +x!V;H(  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity $zTj
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) EV@xUq!x.  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z /R< Q~G|\  
    count = 0 J}coWjw`q  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count R4"g? e  
        GetOperation eID, count, op |/g\N,]  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then TZq']Z)#  
            DeleteOperation eID,count _wg6}3  
            count=count-1 EY(@R2~#J  
        End If ti'a^(  
        count=count+1 ;fhFv&`mE  
    Wend \)ac,i@fy  
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    'Set new shift in ejwFQ'wTx  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Got5(^'c  
    op.val1 = taq G1Cn[F;e  
    op.parent = parID ;b$(T5  
    AddOperation eID, op S2"p(  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 :<s)QD  
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    '************************************************************************* =F ZvtcCa  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 9[|Ql  
    '************************************************************************* [t /hjm"$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) zQ}:_
 
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic +"a .,-f!  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant @7%nMTZ@&v  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant POc< G^  
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    '************************************************************************* Nl7"|()e  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens >U9*  
    '************************************************************************* pHY~_^B4&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 7vV3"uns  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic .8CR \-
  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost {3C~cK{  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost g^1M]1.f  
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    '************************************************************************* )k3zOKZ;  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) "-vm=d~\  
    '************************************************************************* }@}jwi)l  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Fp-d69Npo  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) (eN\s98)/  
    count = 0 vI#\Qe  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;|b D
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        GetOperation eID, count, op 7[:9vY  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K3TMTY<p  
            DeleteOperation eID,count DVRE;+Jt  
            count=count-1 b3x!tuQn  
        End If cxrUk$f  
        count=count+1 `RfhxzI  
    Wend z:|4S@9  
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    'Set new z-shift x\!Qe\lE  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" '6fMF#X4F  
    op.val1 = tlens "a;JQ:  
    op.parent = parID "W|Sh#JF  
    AddOperation eID, op IC/'<%k  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 4)-LlYS_d<  
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    '************************************************************************* y:D|U!o2V  
    'Lens index of refraction xRJv_=dT  
    '************************************************************************* Txfu%'2)e  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) B+wSLi(  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat |SZRO,7x  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ;4Y@xS2M  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat g` 6Xrf  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ;c_X ^"d  
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    '************************************************************************* 8k]'P*9ulz  
    'Pupil diameter N0sf V  
    '************************************************************************* r@H<@Vuc  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) (
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Xp
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Ja|! fT  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens R>To L  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T#Qn\8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) eRD?O  
    count = 0 Z[yQKy  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "6lf~%R"  
        GetOperation eID, count, op q[n
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then C+cSy'VIK!  
            DeleteOperation eID,count d3+pS\&IX?  
            count=count-1 ~C{d2i  
        End If Lf&p2p?~c  
        count=count+1 !,+p
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    Wend ,o]"G[J
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" m\__F
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 .ZFs+8qU>  
    op.parent = parID gdRwh  
    AddOperation eID, op } '.l'%  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam t]#y}V  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description G\?fWqx  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) { ,/mQ3  
    GetEntity eID, entity 7@$Hua,GY  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" En&ESWN  
    SetEntity eID, entity GN /]^{D  
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    Update r;t0+aLc*  
    Print "DONE!" L@2T  
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End Sub 6n]fr9f  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： F``$}]9KHD  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 1D&Q{?RM  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm T
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 YQvN;W  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 y5 $h  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ='q:Io?T  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 qYBoo]}a  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +N:K V}K  
Set pupil diameter = 4 yjaX\Wb[z[  
DONE! 6e(|t2^  
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