[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 *1EmK.-'u  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Jpduk&u  
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模型 / ]8e[t>!f  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 +r!NR?^m  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. \=WPJm`p  
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光源 8p 4[:M@  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 z@VL?A(3  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 In1{&sS  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 kFE9}0-  
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视网膜的散射 >0@w"aKn  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 DU6j0lz  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 [KR%8[e  
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脚本 C')KZ|JIC  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： lt-3OcC  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 $B?8\>_?  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 %ud-3u52M8  
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分析 }IWt\a<d  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Wi=zu[[qc  
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脚本代码 Vj4 h#NN$  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Jvc<j:{^w  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Psf'^42(v  
Dim op As T_OPERATION #C }+  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 3:Nc`tM_  
Dim A As Double e1XKlgl  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ;+C$EJw-  
Dim eID As Long |_ED*ATR=  
Dim parID As Long 7~J>Ga  
Dim count As Integer -3yK>\y=|  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double y@v)kN)Y9\  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double @8{8|P  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double >{{ds--  
Dim ok As Long fsPsP`|  
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Sub Main `W}pAmhj  
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    '用户输入对话框 BegO\0%+  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 oJNQdW[  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :Ni#XZ{F-/  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 #y:F3$c  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 !X: TieyVu  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 >'Lkn2WI  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 p4IyKry,  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Cxq|N]E  
    End Dialog +a*Ic8*  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog z59;Qk  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 6 8n ;#-X  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed #Tzs9Bkaca  
        Print "Execution cancelled." jNx{*2._r  
        End 6<@+J  
    End If %6@)fRw  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty =D0d+b6  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then pjS##pgVq  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation v&G9HiH  
    Else &a'mG=(K_c  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) CvRCcSJM\2  
    End If l'[;q '  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then p@q20>^u  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter \i[N";K  
    Else UVLS?1ra  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2)  nm`(;<W  
    End If wQ+il6  
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    Print " " sF)$<[w
 
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" |1 qrU(  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ?uc]
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness J ?aJa  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens c{to9Lk.#  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens mpD.x5jm<  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens &FRf-6/  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens U~sC%Ri-@U  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness c99|+i
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 9wc\~5{li  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation [7x;H  
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    '************************************************************************* i@P=*lLD  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) (W"0c?i|]  
    '************************************************************************* cEp/qzAiD%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ;W+1 H !  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 1$# r)S[*  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7o+VhW<|5  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z aH%tD!%,o  
    count = 0 [`h,Ti!m<  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count zN9@.!?X2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op D5@}L$u  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then O.Dz}[w  
            DeleteOperation eID,count K4NzI9@  
            count=count-1 *S<I!7Q  
        End If >d .
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        count=count+1 xzMpTZQ  
    Wend xPT$d,~"  
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    'Set new shift in {hO|{vz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2&s(:=  
    op.val1 = taq jMR9E@>~E  
    op.parent = parID *x#5S.i1  
    AddOperation eID, op %^I
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ss|n7  
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    '************************************************************************* 3!*`hQ;s  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens }EfRYE$E  
    '************************************************************************* S
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [A!=Hv_$  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _fj@40i M  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant (|6!pQ7  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant :/Y4I)'  
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    '************************************************************************* ;''S};  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens I[ZWOi\- ;  
    '************************************************************************* lg (>n&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) n n8N 9w  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic hA~5,K0b  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost OH+
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost wE <PXBl\b  
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    '************************************************************************* ok&v+A  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) H:1F=$0I9  
    '************************************************************************* :SD3  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) !G~\9  
    count = 0 ?0E-Lac=  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .|kp`-F51  
        GetOperation eID, count, op U@:iN..  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !.{{QwZ  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 
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            count=count-1 s.}:!fBk  
        End If ~Oj-W6-+&,  
        count=count+1 *UG=dl#F#  
    Wend f7]C1!]  
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    'Set new z-shift $J:~jY/J  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" l>>,~  
    op.val1 = tlens U./1OZ&  
    op.parent = parID e-{4qt  
    AddOperation eID, op >\!>CuU  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ^UpwVKdP  
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    '************************************************************************* Tq.%_/@M<  
    'Lens index of refraction x(88Y7o.t  
    '************************************************************************* P\|i<Ds_M  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) laFF/g;sRC  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat QW%BKF!  
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    mat.Nd = nlens h5#V,$  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat .l&<-l;UQ  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Ne,u\q3f  
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    '************************************************************************* 9ev"BO  
    'Pupil diameter
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    '************************************************************************* Mj@ 0F 2hy  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) $y*["~TJ  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Mio~CJ"?  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" B\!.o=<h  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ]hkway  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *[_>d.i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) eqE%ofW  
    count = 0 vN4g#,<  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count f9 b=Zm'  
        GetOperation eID, count, op vl}uHdeP9  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then mI~k@!3  
            DeleteOperation eID,count mM7S9^<UH  
            count=count-1 ^Ru/7pw5  
        End If 4 p(KdYc  
        count=count+1 M e  
    Wend  Dy@f21+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" V<!E9/4rS  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 [0e}%!%M  
    op.parent = parID L);kwx7{LW  
    AddOperation eID, op f&ym'S  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam cx8H.L  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description NN W*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) )#dP:  
    GetEntity eID, entity 8BZDaiE"  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" )xQA+$H#4  
    SetEntity eID, entity [sY>ac  
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    Update ukSi9| 1-,  
    Print "DONE!" WVf>>E^1  
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End Sub LPk85E  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： b='YCa  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 89'XOX
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm pr[[)[]/  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Ui
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 p' FYK|  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Hdh'!|w  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 /tf}8d  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 h30~2]hH  
Set pupil diameter = 4 '7{0k{  
DONE! >i4UU0m  
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