[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 P&,hiGTDi  
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模型 ^g70AqUc  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 <s
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. y-%nJD$  
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光源 (rAiDRQ[  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 lfXH7jL2~  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 >'eB2  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 S^|$23}  
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视网膜的散射 7U&5^s )J  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 fS5GIC
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 3w t:5 Im  
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脚本 K5 5} Wi  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： i:V0fBR[>  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 g
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ?H y%ULk  
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分析 \Y51KB\  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 "Q3PC!7X:5  
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脚本代码 3
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. <I>%m,  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY xIS\4]F?r  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Ix*BI9E  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL vh<]aiY  
Dim A As Double "V*kOb&'*Z  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ATKYjhc _  
Dim eID As Long 4$0jz'  
Dim parID As Long jz|Wj  
Dim count As Integer [54@irH  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double v(qV\:s}m  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 66I|0_  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double i0,%}{`  
Dim ok As Long Rf)'H
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Sub Main KU1+<OCh  

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    '用户输入对话框 eNIkiJ$uS  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 GCcwEl!K^  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ?R|fS*e2EB  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 X)`(nj  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 |Ha
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 4?9soc  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 *4(/t$)pEl  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 DZHrR:q?e  
    End Dialog 9F2P(aS  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog :NwMb^>  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) el <<D  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed K$MJ#Zx^  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 5;3c<  
        End N&0uXrw  
    End If jOoIF/So  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty g5kYyE  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then MZUF! B  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation d8Q_6(Ar|  
    Else $\YLmG  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) GibggOj2Q,  
    End If ~pd1)  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then jMz1s%C  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter )8 "EI-/.  
    Else Sb:zN'U  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) QrNL7{  
    End If &;
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    Print " " YLA557~  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" %=NM_5a}]  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" |xsV(jK8  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Z,|1G6f@  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness PBxK>a  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens H y.3ccZ0  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens jm#d7@~4  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ?l\gh
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens a`EGx{q(  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ?RRSrr1  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Wvut)T  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation .WL\:{G8;  
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    '************************************************************************* o-Q]Dk1W  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) \pewbu5^  
    '************************************************************************* rB.=f[aX[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !\&7oAs=I  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity h0QYoDvbC  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) L5zG0mC8  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z UALg!M#  
    count = 0 c5B_WqjJ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count T}w*K[z $  
        GetOperation eID, count, op CD8JYiJ  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then JL.ydH79  
            DeleteOperation eID,count r'9=
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            count=count-1 @R'g@+{I  
        End If 9h3~;Q  
        count=count+1 VeN&rjc  
    Wend ."!8B9
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    'Set new shift in {x&jh|f`g  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &-8-xw#.  
    op.val1 = taq os(Jr!p_=  
    op.parent = parID r.a9W?(E  
    AddOperation eID, op Cb@S </b  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 (}~eD  
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    '************************************************************************* G3_mWppH  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ~G{$P'[  
    '************************************************************************* Hz3 S^o7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) U&w5&W{F}  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 6XOpB^@  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 3'sWlhf;  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Q
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    '************************************************************************* +4:+qGAJ{  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens M[ ~2,M&H  
    '************************************************************************* 'a-5UTT  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) t0asW5f  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic <SC|A|  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost vY0V{u?J  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost o. V0iS]  
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    '************************************************************************* L>5!3b=b  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) M;p q2$  
    '************************************************************************* :LIKp;  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y`B!6p 5j  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) )(ZPSg$/F  
    count = 0 >nIcFm  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8v)~J}[Bz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op @Pb 1QLiz  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then mk`cyN>m  
            DeleteOperation eID,count P{i8  
            count=count-1 L$u&~"z-  
        End If 7].IT(  
        count=count+1
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    Wend zIYr0k*%  
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    'Set new z-shift WH*=81)zp  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" S4:\`Lo-;  
    op.val1 = tlens
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    op.parent = parID KEVy%AP=*h  
    AddOperation eID, op 0Li'a{n2  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens dpGQ0EzH^  
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    '************************************************************************* ux79"5qb  
    'Lens index of refraction ,?~UpsUx  
    '************************************************************************* ! ^*;c#  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) kJ<Xq   
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat %}]4Nsde  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ZhbY,wJ
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat agxSb^ 8tF  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens NK#"qK""k  
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    '************************************************************************* .Mco
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    'Pupil diameter zc,9Qfn  
    '************************************************************************* xc]C#q  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) q(ET)xCeD  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) komxot[[  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" K^qUlyv  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens %:;[M|.  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Hv7D+j8M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) i!}nGJGg  
    count = 0 Lz>{FOR  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -2na::<K  
        GetOperation eID, count, op [@)z$W  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /'=^^%&:B  
            DeleteOperation eID,count #z^1)7  
            count=count-1 J
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        End If 'SD|ObBY  
        count=count+1 A&lgiR*ObT  
    Wend 09;'z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" F-7b`cF9[r  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 8
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    op.parent = parID H- qP>:  
    AddOperation eID, op HYYx*CJ)  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ~Ow23N  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description *0@; kD=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) A8Z?[,Mq!  
    GetEntity eID, entity E?h2e~ ,]  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ,,#rv-*  
    SetEntity eID, entity !2M
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    Update y~ 4nF  
    Print "DONE!" d8 Nh0!  
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End Sub CU^3L|f2N  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： T2_#[bk*d  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters yr 9)ga%  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm vyOC2c8  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ^8*SCM_A  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 _3G)S+7#  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 lLFBop  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Y+`-~ 88  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 0?;Hmq3  
Set pupil diameter = 4 {s'_zSz  
DONE! :w_1J'D}  
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