[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 |2Y/l~  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 [Ot<8)Jm  
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模型 ,bxGd!&{Q  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 z',f'3+  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. o(gV;>I  
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光源 jK]An;l{
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 K0{ ,*>C  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ^H!45ph?Jc  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 g5;Ig  
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视网膜的散射 V6bjVd9|Z  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 %,+&Kl I  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Ie[DTy  
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脚本 Ltk-1zhI  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： vO)]~AiB  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 P}"T3u\N  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 *mz-g7  
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分析 s~m]>^?8MR  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 y"|gC!V}  
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脚本代码 -' =?Hs.  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 4>Y*owa4  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY yUN>mD-  
Dim op As T_OPERATION +
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 2AW*PDncxP  
Dim A As Double ?ph>:M  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 1/v#Z#3[  
Dim eID As Long xKkXr-yb`f  
Dim parID As Long F#~*j  
Dim count As Integer w3&L 6|,  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double FzAzAl5  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double =&)R2pLs*  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double kz G W/  
Dim ok As Long x->+wJm@s  
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Sub Main Cg8  
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    '用户输入对话框 ?K
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 |-HNHUF  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 MS]Q\g}U  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Q\}Ck+d`a  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 +i[vJRLxl~  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 tNQACM8F;  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 y[zjs^-vCv  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 fRHzY?n9;  
    End Dialog 6),!sO?  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog S~
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) NieNfurG%  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed aMGyV"6(-6  
        Print "Execution cancelled." i v.G  
        End h@TP=  
    End If Yy;BJ_  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty P26"z))~d  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 211V'|a_>  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation '.jYu7   
    Else @)wsHW%cjz  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) =mSu^q(l  
    End If \uO^wJ}  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then SXC 7LJm<g  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /&9R*xNST#  
    Else 3"sXN)j  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) /.~zk(-&h  
    End If nb ?(zDJ8  
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    Print " " zRgAmX/g  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 1vS-m
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" j<R&?*  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation fe8hgTP|  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness C;%dZ  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens X3~`~J  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens z`p9vlS[  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens BO8?{~i  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens i5|)|x3  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness xSDTO$U8%  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 64vj6 &L  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Q3Y(K\  
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    '************************************************************************* SbQ:vAE*ho  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ;rNX  
    '************************************************************************* ,9MNB3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 'ka$@,s:  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 0JKTwLhC  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) G_zK .N  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z c]i;0j? Dl  
    count = 0 0{XT#H  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count a8gOb6qF/H  
        GetOperation eID, count, op A8o)^T(vJ  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then eNO[ikm  
            DeleteOperation eID,count gdg``U;)p  
            count=count-1 z:   
        End If  FsQoQ#*  
        count=count+1 )."dqq^ q  
    Wend >&k`NXS|V  
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    'Set new shift in gf>GK/^HH  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Qc=-M'9  
    op.val1 = taq /8Z
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    op.parent = parID sZ7~AJ  
    AddOperation eID, op ;*ni%|K
 
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 N1.fV-  
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    '************************************************************************* [_}8Vv&6  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens G}LV"
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    '************************************************************************* 0cVxP)J+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) _%23L|
 
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic W}%"xy]N  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant JT=ax/%Mo  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant l?YO!$  
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    '************************************************************************* >yVp1Se  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 
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    '************************************************************************* 0c8_&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ?RW1%+[  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic h%NM%;"H/  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ReL+V  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost G \Nnw==v  
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    '************************************************************************* N2Ysi$  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) dV16'  
    '************************************************************************* FjLMN{eH/  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) SXN]${  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) _ n1:v~  
    count = 0 da_0{;wR  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count CS5[E-%}T=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op OVc)PMp  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  ls7P$qq  
            DeleteOperation eID,count }' sW[?ik  
            count=count-1 3 TTQff  
        End If "WO0rh`  
        count=count+1 r* l c#  
    Wend "dE[X` }=  
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    'Set new z-shift }TAG7U*  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" tmM; Z(9t  
    op.val1 = tlens R@/"B?`(f  
    op.parent = parID 5hDy62PRr  
    AddOperation eID, op DL,]iJm  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens #6
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    '************************************************************************* q)KOI`A  
    'Lens index of refraction #};Zgixo$  
    '************************************************************************* VZ y$0*  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) [Fv,`*/sm  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 9?~6{!m_9  
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    mat.Nd = nlens M)AvcZNs  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat &A`,hF8  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens fakad#O  
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    '************************************************************************* bd% M.,  
    'Pupil diameter +c, ^KHW  
    '************************************************************************* _-^mxC|M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 9zrTf%mF  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) <*-8E
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" (TO<SY3AB  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens V0&7MY*  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) kC6Y?g  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Y6d~hLC  
    count = 0 oDJ &{N|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count C3~~h|:  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Ro<x#Uo  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then D ] n|d+  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Fp[49  
            count=count-1 ^N 4Y*NtV7  
        End If QnS#"hc\a  
        count=count+1 |W@Ko%om  
    Wend wL^x9O|`p9  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" CdPQhv)m  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 0uPcEpIA  
    op.parent = parID @ 'N$5  
    AddOperation eID, op SW+;%+`  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 1 XJZuv,T:  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ITi#p%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~ b66 ;  
    GetEntity eID, entity RL/7>YQ  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" TBba3%  
    SetEntity eID, entity ^P/OHuDL  
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    Update G\,B*$3   
    Print "DONE!" 0Js5 ' 9}H  
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End Sub $ndBT+i  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： <S6?L[_  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters -eS r  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm LmJ _$?o  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 m(kv:5<>  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 $AMcU5^b7  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 sCQV-%9  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 {_$['D^az  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 >uQjygjj  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Pc5C*{C  
DONE! KbK!4  
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