[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 gq[`g=x  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Xl\yOMfp  
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模型 
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 'ghwc:Og|%  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. }j6<S-s~  
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光源 %;qDhAu0  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 3P[u>xE  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 2z615?2_U  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ![CF >:e  
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视网膜的散射 >$dkA\&p  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 :dkBr@u96O  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。
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脚本 3PU'd^  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 5'h
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 z3>oUq{  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 @E5}v  
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分析 Yiy|^j  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ` "JslpN  
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脚本代码 .ugQH<B  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. >iIUS  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY | *J-9  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ZRr S""V  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL *)H&n>"e  
Dim A As Double )ls<"WTC.  
Dim pupilDiam As Double NDaM;`  
Dim eID As Long ,)
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Dim parID As Long q|fZdTw  
Dim count As Integer sBfPhBT|  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double `*hrU{b  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double m&X6a C'[  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ' y9yx[P  
Dim ok As Long <DjFMTCN  
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Sub Main :$"L;"  
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    '用户输入对话框 zrJ/Fs+s  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 z}[qk:  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 umo@JWr  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 wWNHZv&  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 6Wabw:  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Xu8_
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 5V{zdS=  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 =1}Umn|ZLS  
    End Dialog L)LW5%.6  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog eHjn<@  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg)  `=h`:`  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed =(~UK9`  
        Print "Execution cancelled." uM^eoh_  
        End -b4#/q+bb+  
    End If ZAG iaq  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty F9Ag687w  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then l`vb  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation }(r%
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    Else ]$>O--  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) _IOt(Zb(  
    End If Q/,bEDc&  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then W5_:Q@  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter |GvWHe`  
    Else s=+,F<;x.U  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) cv b:FK  
    End If Y70[Nz  
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    Print " " b$f@.L  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" hZ0CnY8 '  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 0 7CufoI  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 5UQz6D
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness k(
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens q}PeXXH  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens  GIt~"X  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens :[1^IH(sb  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 1XAXokxj  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness D~~&e<v'1  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 7|IOn5  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation TX96 ^EoH  
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    '************************************************************************* ^T[8j/9o^  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) FYI*44E  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) R#ABda9  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 6q[|U_3I@  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) R^
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z prvvr;Ib  
    count = 0 %T hY6y(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count >~-8RM  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 2NHkK_B1P  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then wo($7'.@  
            DeleteOperation eID,count u%J04vG"D  
            count=count-1 v=A]#O%  
        End If ^tS{a*Yn  
        count=count+1 )~
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    Wend "K3"s Ec%  
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    'Set new shift in ?v4-<ewD  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 9 )1 8  
    op.val1 = taq &@tD/Jw3  
    op.parent = parID V _(L/6  
    AddOperation eID, op P|> fO'  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 !}Sf?nP#  
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    '************************************************************************* -}u=tiNG  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens u^DfRd&P0  
    '************************************************************************* kdVc;v/5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) F-L!o8o  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Arg604V3  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant k8!|WqfP  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant b&AGVW
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    '************************************************************************* pFfd6P  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens {E6M_qZ  
    '************************************************************************* S VCTiG8t  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" )
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 4e6x1`Y{xB  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 0E*q-$P  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost X$aN:!1  
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    '************************************************************************* PtH>I,/  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) K(&I8vAp  
    '************************************************************************* 2YT1]x 3  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) z+ch-L^K4  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ,8~qnLy9  
    count = 0 -~ w5yd  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q"Ct=d  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,"MRA  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }e/#dMEi  
            DeleteOperation eID,count *P\$<4l  
            count=count-1 ,8=`Y9#  
        End If Ri[ v(Zf  
        count=count+1 G~z=,72  
    Wend MIV<"A  
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    'Set new z-shift
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" s|p,UK  
    op.val1 = tlens ( (.b&  
    op.parent = parID /INjP~C  
    AddOperation eID, op D<V[:~-o  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens qDG{hvl[1r  
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    '************************************************************************* 4b\R@Knu  
    'Lens index of refraction +JyD W%a:L  
    '************************************************************************* %pikt7,Z~  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) QCm93YZs6E  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat K1
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    mat.Nd = nlens F0.Rv):  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat :6}Zo  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $N !l-lu=  
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    '************************************************************************* kGz0`8URu  
    'Pupil diameter @fI1|v=eF  
    '************************************************************************* BM~>=emc  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) a ~  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) [h5~1N
 
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" yj:<3_-C*  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens e
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) cDkq@H:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" )  $,b1`*  
    count = 0 'P AIh*qA  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count M0jC:*D`"  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 5`_UIYcI  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0A,u!"4[  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6dH> 0
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            count=count-1
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        End If [Re.sX}$Y  
        count=count+1 f9%M:cl  
    Wend pr=f6~Z-y  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" buj*L&  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 zl]Ic' _i  
    op.parent = parID c"wk_#  
    AddOperation eID, op O:%,.??<%  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam E;o "^[we  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description w\K(kNd(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Qhc>,v)  
    GetEntity eID, entity 4MFdhJoN  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" |8{c|Qz  
    SetEntity eID, entity 3+<f7  
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    Update p2=+cS"HC  
    Print "DONE!" |//D|-2  
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End Sub za,JCI  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： JK%Ua
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Fkvf[!Ci  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm MnPk+eNJm  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 l-gNJ=l+K  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 up;^,I
  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 CMiE$yC  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 VF bso3q<j  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ev4f9Fhu  
Set pupil diameter = 4 b(HbwOt~3  
DONE! eZ G#op  
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