[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 hgG9m[?K  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 @?sRj&w  
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模型 =jN.1}  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 T=DbBy0-  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. LENq_@$  
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光源 zaIKdI'/e  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Wu/]MBM  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 QT5TE: D  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 =ZznFVJ`={  
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视网膜的散射 rgQOj^xKv^  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 /U*C\ xMm  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 VT)oLj/A  
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脚本 %IA\pSE  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 7aRi5  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 gs[uD5oo<  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 7F7{)L  
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分析 {z5--TogJ  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。
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脚本代码 x+:UN'
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. IPKbMlV#d  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ]cWUZ{puRB  
Dim op As T_OPERATION VcYrK4  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL dL 1tl  
Dim A As Double u%KTNa0  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Vb;*m5,?:  
Dim eID As Long nNV'O(x}  
Dim parID As Long (t K||*
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Dim count As Integer N)|yu1S
 
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ~ 'cmSiz-  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 7kLz[N6Ll  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double /{l$sBUL  
Dim ok As Long `2WFk8) F  
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Sub Main ,eW%{[g(  
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    '用户输入对话框 a2O75 kWnm  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 BO;tCEV?  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 4r#= *  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 [Td4K.c  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 #4%]o%.  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 S~bOUdV Z  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 VBGuC c/  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 =`F(B  
    End Dialog ".V$~
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog (O?.)jEW(.  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Ecefi pG  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed w~A{(- dx  
        Print "Execution cancelled." YeL#jtC  
        End Dlae;5D  
    End If `Bp.RXsd*  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty e0zq1XcZ  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then $E~`\o%Ev  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation
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    Else )3}9K ^jS  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) I\{ 1u  
    End If 7 :xfPx  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then @7]yl&LZ  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter u@UMP@"#  
    Else -t'jNR'  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) xb~yM%*c  
    End If 8@Q$'TT6}  
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    Print " " O!#g<`r{K  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" @/.;Xw]  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" T|eu  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation s}9S8@#  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness :Zbg9`d*  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens _[c0)2h  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 5|j<`()H :  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens fI}to&qk  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens v5#jZ$<F  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness *20jz<  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction v6bGjVK[  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation DS(}<HK{  
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    '************************************************************************* P|tO<t6/9*  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) wx= $2N6  
    '************************************************************************* yy^q2P  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) qpP=K $  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity p Z|V 3  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) i(%W_d!  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z XH4  
    count = 0 J s@hLP`  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count UT~4x|b:O  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ;;OAQ`  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then s 8jV(P(O  
            DeleteOperation eID,count A 
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            count=count-1 TCwFPlF|  
        End If GX!G>  
        count=count+1 a od-3"7[  
    Wend ~*&H$6NJS  
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    'Set new shift in *eTqVG.  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" EPI4!3]  
    op.val1 = taq /!yU!`bY  
    op.parent = parID ,GbR!j@6  
    AddOperation eID, op ,F8Yn5h  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 n`B:;2X,
 
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    '************************************************************************* 0y'H~(  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens \R9(x]nZ%  
    '************************************************************************* Y1W1=Uc uk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) .nf#c.DI  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 1Ti f{i,B  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant L2[($l  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 2+N]PW\V  
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    '************************************************************************* hP%M?MKC  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ?|\ER#z  
    '************************************************************************* W dK #ZOR  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Tj`,Z5vy  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 5FPM`hLT  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost x*\Y)9Vgy  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost +;(c:@>@,  
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    '************************************************************************* A7Cm5>Y_S  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) <y('hI'  
    '************************************************************************* +6M}O[LP  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) '5#^i:  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) aB2FC$z  
    count = 0 Ws3)gvpPA  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 13$%,q
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        GetOperation eID, count, op I;,77PxD  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [: n'k  
            DeleteOperation eID,count t9GR69v:?  
            count=count-1 v|_K/|  
        End If c)6m$5]  
        count=count+1 lne4-(DJ  
    Wend ,a{P4Bq  
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    'Set new z-shift DD+7V@  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" G/y5H;<9M  
    op.val1 = tlens P[G)sA_"  
    op.parent = parID "b~+;<}Q  
    AddOperation eID, op ^&9zw\x;z  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens #X+JHl  
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    '************************************************************************* T#T*Zw"+  
    'Lens index of refraction Di,^%  
    '************************************************************************* GLH0 ]  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) hIYNhZv  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat y;m|  
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    mat.Nd = nlens K(e$esLs-  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 9d0@wq.  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Si4!R+
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    '************************************************************************* gMi
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    'Pupil diameter $8)+XmsCr  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) { T/[cu<  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Fk&c=V;SU  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" `z}?"BW|  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens '0;l]/i.  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /cUO$m o  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) aL\PGdgO  
    count = 0 &N$<e(K  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lf`{zc r:  
        GetOperation eID, count, op MVpGWTH@F  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then w0 M>[ 4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~Py`P'+  
            count=count-1 B6+khuG(  
        End If B B{$&Oh  
        count=count+1 L?b~k=  
    Wend ql Ax  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $j%'{)gK  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 RXMISt3+{y  
    op.parent = parID tH@Erh|%  
    AddOperation eID, op ^cC,.Fdw  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam etDk35!h~,  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description +yG~T  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >a<.mU|#  
    GetEntity eID, entity 6D;Sgc5"  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" vQG5*pR*w  
    SetEntity eID, entity *}qWj_RT  
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    Update e-
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    Print "DONE!" )th<,Lo3#  
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End Sub C\3rJy(VJ  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： S&5&];Ag  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters aH(J,XY  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm h]&GLb&<?  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Ux!p8  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 a#(?P.6  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 UBU=9a5  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 w>&aEv/f  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 HXC
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Set pupil diameter = 4 |*eZD-f  
DONE!  `,*3[  
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