[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 =8?gx$r2  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 C~.7m-YW  
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模型 c[4H  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 #TLqo(/  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. -t, .A/?  
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光源 Z?H#=|U  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 *_puW x  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Hf ]aA_:   
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ,4hQ#x  
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视网膜的散射 Tti]H9g_  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Re3vW re  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 LHjGlBy  
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脚本 v%|^\A"V  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： &BnK[Q8X  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 J>(I"K%  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 1s4+a^&  
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分析 B[:-SWd  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 XkZ82w#b  
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脚本代码 R8a4F^{*  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. $+eDoI'f  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 0;,4.hsh  
Dim op As T_OPERATION DN)Eh
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ek~bXy{O`  
Dim A As Double q.6$-w  
Dim pupilDiam As Double @[M5$,"  
Dim eID As Long deR2l(0%yr  
Dim parID As Long -=aI!7*"$  
Dim count As Integer ]K'iCYY  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double KN>U6=WN  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ^a~^$PUqI  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double n
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Dim ok As Long OHixOI$O  
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Sub Main 
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    '用户输入对话框 {7!WtH;-  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 gR)T(%W  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 E"7 iU  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 z-*/jFE  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Nq|b$S[4  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ^<fN  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 c?;~Z  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 8KKI.i8`  
    End Dialog 5/-{.g   
    Dim dlg As UserDialog :4]^PB@dl  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 3*9<JHu  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 9mW95YI S  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 7Pu.<b}  
        End jRP.Je@t  
    End If a>jiq8d]4  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty .[Ezg(U}ze  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ]Z?$ 5Ks  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation
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    Else dLQV>oF  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1)  S^;D\6(r  
    End If S<"T:Y&  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Q%6Lc.i  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter s,UccA@  
    Else ^W
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) KF&1Y>t=  
    End If JR='c)6:  
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    Print " " 3#7D g't  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" .\1{>A  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" |Rk$u  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation VHhW_ya1g{  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness zRDBl02v$T  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens "NqB_?DT  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens {bB;TO<b`  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Gr
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens TqURYnNd  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness z?V'1L1gM  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 48 DC  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation GY9CU=-  
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    '************************************************************************* {VOLUC o 4  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) cY1d6P0  
    '************************************************************************* ?`
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) J{Fu8  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity iYE:o{  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) nRKh
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z u*/.  
    count = 0 <0!/7*;#ZT  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count k!Y7Rc{"  
        GetOperation eID, count, op C^
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then UR;FW`  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 8RC7Ei  
            count=count-1 ~4YU  
        End If ~Xa8\>  
        count=count+1 I8=p_Ie
 
    Wend EN^C'n  
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    'Set new shift in t)Q6A@$:  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" *T(z4RVg  
    op.val1 = taq sBozz#  
    op.parent = parID NijvFT$V1  
    AddOperation eID, op FOz7W  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 EMyMed_  
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    '************************************************************************* 5c*kgj:x  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens :]&O  
    '************************************************************************* 6 Fz?'Xf  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) {ir8n731p  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :_R[@?c  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant pJ*x[y  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 0"q^`@sZ  

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    '************************************************************************* L~nVoKY*V  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens L8"0o 0-  
    '************************************************************************* nqX)+{wAXe  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) UOTM>d1P  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic \-A=??@H  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ZMs$C3  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ,dhSc<:LT  
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    '************************************************************************* iC]=S}  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) {<f_,Nlc  
    '************************************************************************* # fvt:iE  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .<Y7,9;YEF  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) VFUuG3p)  
    count = 0 |)4Fe/!cJ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count {%Mt-Gm'd  
        GetOperation eID, count, op iwJeV J  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then f|
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            DeleteOperation eID,count 2%0J/]n\A"  
            count=count-1 o[C,fh,$  
        End If #:E}Eby/6I  
        count=count+1 ~";GH20  
    Wend G$b*N4
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    'Set new z-shift [T8BQn!  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &DnX6%2  
    op.val1 = tlens =7&2-'(@  
    op.parent = parID 1=fP68n  
    AddOperation eID, op a`]Dmw8@  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ;|(_;d  
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    '************************************************************************* ZH]n&%@j  
    'Lens index of refraction ]xhZJ~"@u  
    '************************************************************************* EJF*_<f9O  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) v(uYso_  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat v[S>   
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    mat.Nd = nlens "P4#Q_  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat |3tq
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens {(o$? =  
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    '************************************************************************* R
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    'Pupil diameter xl.iI$P  
    '************************************************************************* x'Uv;mGo  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ZHQa}C+  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) g=8}G$su{%  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 1+P&O4>  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens AQCU\E  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) v;!f  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ^zdZ"\x  
    count = 0 Qyn~Vu43  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .W>LsEk  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Yh=/?&*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then aTJs.y-I~  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 3v oas  
            count=count-1 K0681_bp  
        End If 9?4EM^-  
        count=count+1 lIs<&-0  
    Wend 58T<~u
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" eVD
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 C_c*21X  
    op.parent = parID 9d4Agj M  
    AddOperation eID, op N~<H`  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam i,77F!  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description l$j/Ye]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {+n0t1  
    GetEntity eID, entity EfTuHg$pe  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" $Tc"7nYu  
    SetEntity eID, entity })zYo 7  
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    Update W$E!}~Ro  
    Print "DONE!" "mBX$t'gb  
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End Sub P, (#' W  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： `%PU_;Y5Q  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters fT:a{  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm =Zg%& J  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 zjuU*$A4  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Lm-
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019  X`REhvT  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 D #<)q)  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 m[k@\xS4e  
Set pupil diameter = 4 /hNZ7\|P  
DONE! ENmfbJ4d~  
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