[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 r1i$D  
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模型 <Ctyht0c.  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Wgxn`6  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Zxg1M  
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光源 M'yO+bu  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 [^<SLTev  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 yZq?
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Xo2^N2I  
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视网膜的散射 EPc!p>  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 egfi;8]E  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 r,5-XB  
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脚本 DlDB=N0@S  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： DB#$~(o  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 XJUEwX  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 cST\~SUm  
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分析 qmEoqU  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 %*6RzJO6  
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脚本代码 `qE4U4  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. T8U[xu.>  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY K5{{:NR$  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 4Q;<Q"  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL \*uugw,\y  
Dim A As Double hcyn  
Dim pupilDiam As Double v;Es^ YI  
Dim eID As Long ]oEQ4  
Dim parID As Long ;Z*'
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Dim count As Integer ?;^5ghY$  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double |CwG3&8  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ijFV<P  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double .3
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Dim ok As Long ojoxXly`  
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Sub Main JA<~xo[Q9  
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    '用户输入对话框 >b>gr OX  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ]U[&uymax  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ^sV|ck  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 zks#EzQ  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 )!eEO [\d  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ENq"mwV|  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 !R74J=#(  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 LJWTSf"f?  
    End Dialog g2=}G<*0  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog _s*! t  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) D-pX<0-y  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed N<liS3>  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 333u
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        End !!WJn}  
    End If b66R}=P l  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty &DLhb90  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then nhewDDu  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation j=W@P-  
    Else RL*]g*  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) \5hw9T&[B  
    End If #h N.=~  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 1i'Zei)
 
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ]_u`EvEx6  
    Else 2ce'fMV  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) g\&2
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    End If vLDi ;  
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    Print " " t8vc@of$c,  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" TEWAZVE*  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Vv4H:BK$  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation c&*l"  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness kOipH |.x  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Ea]T>4  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens b[srG6{ &  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens X$V|+lTk  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens KjOi(YUnq7  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +"uwV1)b"  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction j#3m|dQ  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation WNF9#oN|oT  
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    '************************************************************************* v`B4(P1Z  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) lFfXWNb  
    '************************************************************************* k[9A,N^lZB  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )0-o%- e  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity #
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Uh}X<d/V  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z A1-qtAO]  
    count = 0 0d4cE10  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w$>3pQ8
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        GetOperation eID, count, op H$tb;:  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :JlDi>B  
            DeleteOperation eID,count UX_I6_&  
            count=count-1
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        End If 0H[LS  
        count=count+1 >^3zU  
    Wend F
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    'Set new shift in Df@/cT  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" d(S}NH  
    op.val1 = taq uV~e|X "9s  
    op.parent = parID uT
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    AddOperation eID, op H/J<Pd$p  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ~NNv>5t5  
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    '************************************************************************* *#2Rvt*Ox  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens @^?XaU  
    '************************************************************************* <AUWby,"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) C3S`}o.  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 'qy#)F  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant *48IF33&s  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant XDYosC:  
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    '************************************************************************* z+39ee  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens r7I B{}>-  
    '************************************************************************* %-j&e44  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) nbxR"UH  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic {oWsh)[x2  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ]US[5)EL-  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 1V%'.l9  
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    '************************************************************************* H06Bj(Y!  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) CLN+I'uX0  
    '************************************************************************* Nn#u%xvJt  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Vk7=7%xW  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) PayV,8   
    count = 0 ;&?pd"^<_Z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9;KJr[FQV  
        GetOperation eID, count, op EXpSh}  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then dWR1cvB(wY  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @J vZ[T/  
            count=count-1 2c:f<>r0y  
        End If ]}LGbv"`A  
        count=count+1 Y\?j0X;  
    Wend ($WE=biZ&  
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    'Set new z-shift CV^c",b_  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" -x'e+zT  
    op.val1 = tlens ^?"^Pmw  
    op.parent = parID z{?
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    AddOperation eID, op W9R`A  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 0"4@;e_)>  
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    '************************************************************************* qY(:8yC36  
    'Lens index of refraction r4eUZ .8R  
    '************************************************************************* 9?`RR/w  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" )
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat rsF:4G"%  
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    mat.Nd = nlens nNn56&N]  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat (0jr;jv  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens t(?<#KUB-  
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    '************************************************************************* .JAcPyK^  
    'Pupil diameter .3wY\W8Dr-  
    '************************************************************************* LprM;Q_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) )=H{5&e#u  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 3"rkko?A  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" F?4Sz#  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens GGE[{Gb9  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }uQ${]&D  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 3g'+0tEl  
    count = 0 lrys3  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count U e*$&VlT  
        GetOperation eID, count, op D ,M@8h,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then '_o@VO  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?`P2'i<b  
            count=count-1 uO'/|[`8  
        End If \P?A7vuhLs  
        count=count+1 A1_ J sS  
    Wend $D_HZ"ytu  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" }lfn0 %(@  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 0IzZKRw  
    op.parent = parID dl
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    AddOperation eID, op xo~g78jm7,  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam T[2}p=<%  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description A3s57.Z]|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l)8s
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    GetEntity eID, entity gaeOgP.0  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" -e*BqH2t  
    SetEntity eID, entity Yx1 D)  
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    Update
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    Print "DONE!" 0Q1/n2V  
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End Sub v~5<:0dL  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 8p=>?wG  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters rJ(OAKnY  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 93D \R  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Qp!J:YV  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 A,c'g}:  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 I,j3bC  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 V2Y$yV8g1  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 D[~}uZ4\  
Set pupil diameter = 4 #F4X}  
DONE! 3h&b
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