[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 /7p(%vr  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 xFM^-`7  
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模型 $9r4MMs{$  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 E.ji;5  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. P6ktA-Hv>  
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光源 N'aq4okoL  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 [UC_  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 yJ0%6],^g  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 IO=$+c  
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视网膜的散射 YX)Rs Vf  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 w{2CV\^>5  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 8Lx1XbwK  
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脚本 /BQqg08@L  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： |j9aTv[`  

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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 2fu<s^9dh  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Yo'Y-h#  
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分析 r<:d+5"  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 pmWy:0R  
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脚本代码 -vT{D$&1  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. W}3%BWn  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY b)e;Q5Z(.  
Dim op As T_OPERATION t^zE^:06  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL gt(p%~  
Dim A As Double s2|.LmC3|B  
Dim pupilDiam As Double =7H\llL4BC  
Dim eID As Long :3D6OBkB  
Dim parID As Long ?a% F3B  
Dim count As Integer 'v CMf  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double z~~pH9=c2  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double "9QZX[J|*  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double =SeQ- H#  
Dim ok As Long S5ai@Ksf  
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Sub Main cb0rkmO  
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    '用户输入对话框 .[1 f$  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 U5~aG!E  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 4:a ~Wlp[  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 a:UkVK]MP  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 =p=/@FN  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 F!u)8>s+z{  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 \#Jq%nd  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 x7<l*WQ  
    End Dialog _D?/$D7u#%  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog lZ[J1:%  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) j$/#2%OVN  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed cNmAr8^}  
        Print "Execution cancelled." wEX<[#a-  
        End hHVAN3e  
    End If wL3RcXW``e  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Al8Dw)uG{  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then SG\ /m'F  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 8,[ *BgeX  
    Else t1m
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) \ctzv``/n  
    End If *aWh]x9TlU  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then p"~@q}3  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /
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    Else 4~$U#$u_  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ~uZ9%UB_m  
    End If ^%Cd@!dk  
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    Print " " oPaoQbR(A  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" CL7/J[TS  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" -X7x~x-  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation `RE>gX  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness %@)q=*=y  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens M.MQ?`_"b  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 4]0:zS*O  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 2 V\hG?<  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens $E^sA|KcT  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness U"Bge\6x=  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction V/"RCqY4  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ELMz~vp  
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    '************************************************************************* S[
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) .
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    '************************************************************************* #Y-_kQV*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) wG)[Ik6:  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity cyHbAtl  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~-lUS0duh  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z p=x&X~  
    count = 0 6}c!>n['  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Nr,I`x\N
 
        GetOperation eID, count, op upk_;ae  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Yqo@ g2g  
            DeleteOperation eID,count r]D>p&4  
            count=count-1 BOM0QskLf  
        End If 1)ij*L8k  
        count=count+1 \vV]fX  
    Wend =+DhLH}8  
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    'Set new shift in `VGw5o  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"  Q$`uZ  
    op.val1 = taq #sjGju"#_  
    op.parent = parID b|kL*{;
  
    AddOperation eID, op |G6'GTwZD  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 I D-I<Ev  
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    '************************************************************************* ..'"kX:5  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens T5T[$%]6  
    '************************************************************************* :ntAU2)H  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Zn)o@'{}{  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Ujvm|ml  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant j%]sym  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant D[6sy`5l  
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    '************************************************************************* ){,Mv:#+T  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens W}zq9|p  
    '************************************************************************* c0&!S-4M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) LXrk5>9  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic a;~< iB;3"  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Ks(l :oUB  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost yn(bW\  
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    '************************************************************************* 
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) IFa~`Gf[  
    '************************************************************************* M80O;0N%A  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]{+Y!tD  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ]EDCs?,  
    count = 0 b~YIaD[Z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count i$6a0'@U  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 7z/O#Fbs  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then y )<+?@sP  
            DeleteOperation eID,count itiSZL,  
            count=count-1 8+Gwv SDU  
        End If SsfC m C  
        count=count+1 e6{E(=R[M  
    Wend N$:-q'hX  
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    'Set new z-shift {KEmGHC4R  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" o:4#AkS  
    op.val1 = tlens }rs>B,=*k  
    op.parent = parID n8T'}d+mm  
    AddOperation eID, op ^4<&"aoo  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens DeT$4c*:[  
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    '************************************************************************* Pl`Nniy  
    'Lens index of refraction .XkVdaX  
    '************************************************************************* #67 7,dn  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 9GTp};Kg  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat hK{<&T  
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    mat.Nd = nlens f3>DmH#  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat H5UF r,t  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens c"1Z,M;G  
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    '************************************************************************* vO/3bu}  
    'Pupil diameter G)Y,*.,  
    '************************************************************************* 7i#/eR
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) BD^1V( I/  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) pDvznp
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" J^<uo(  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens {5d 5Y%&  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [9MbNJt 8~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 7~k=t!gTY  
    count = 0 Y ZuA"l Y  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \.Op6ECV9  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ^kz(/c/?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )t\aB_ =  
            DeleteOperation eID,count H?xYS| n  
            count=count-1 2\T\p<_20  
        End If ~$"2,&  
        count=count+1 "J+4  
    Wend CHD.b%_|  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _G25$%/LU  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 39F e#u  
    op.parent = parID P$*Ngt  
    AddOperation eID, op u-mD"  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ]H\tz@ &  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 5wl;fL~e  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B##X94aTT  
    GetEntity eID, entity VRD^>Gi  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" y%kZ##  
    SetEntity eID, entity .sFN[>)  
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    Update "VU/Ucb7  
    Print "DONE!" ~(GNY5  
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End Sub pv-c>8Wb6  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： {s*2d P)  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ?A*!rW:l;  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 3T4HX|rC  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 9 Qa_3+.B  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 hCd? Kti  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 A=p'`]Yld  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 v_WQ<G?  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 V{A`?Jl6{  
Set pupil diameter = 4 SO[ u4b_"h  
DONE! *)6\V}`  
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