[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 E;YD5^B  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 lm*C:e)4A  
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模型 k&:~l@?O  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 $,o@&QT?AT  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. F5H]$AjW  
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光源 M 9 N'Hk=  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 wS [k}  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ! QKec  
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视网膜的散射 C9j5Pd5q1L  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Pu}PE-b  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 0C7
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脚本 qX]ej2  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ^3nB2G.ax  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 o2^?D
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 t`0(5v  
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分析 eD N%p  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 6K5KkEp  
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脚本代码 a;0$fRy  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. eS"sd^;R  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY g%d&>y?1r  
Dim op As T_OPERATION #J4,mFMr  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <~Tfi*^+  
Dim A As Double po+1  
Dim pupilDiam As Double =Y5*J#  
Dim eID As Long dUpOg{I.x  
Dim parID As Long )h(yh50 B  
Dim count As Integer 4JjO.H  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double zyFbu=d|O:  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ,lw<dB@7"5  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ?T:$:IHw  
Dim ok As Long %suXp,j  
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Sub Main 9rQpKq:# E  
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    '用户输入对话框 Dz&<6#L<  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 _:9-x;0H2  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ;?:X_C  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 o8S)8_3  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ~TALpd  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 5P < F  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ,h$j%->U  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 L}%4YB  
    End Dialog ppM^&6x^  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog w~=@+U$f  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) #oD*H:%*  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed a0x/?)DO  
        Print "Execution cancelled." cc$+"7/J^c  
        End RJZ4fl  
    End If ^!>o5Y)  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty GPnSdGLC  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Cdd +I5~  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ur2`.dY>3"  
    Else D>Ph))QI  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) $:MO/Suz{  
    End If l~Sn`%PgA  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then /.aDQ>  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter JM
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    Else O~AOZ^a:2  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) P9D'L{yS/x  
    End If JRj%d&^}  
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    Print " " 0Ie9T1D
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" [bvIT]Z  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ` 
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation eqze7EY  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness *xOrt)D=  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Pc4FEH/  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens [UHDN:y  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens j@b4)t  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens c
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness x1kb]0s<-  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 5E/z.5 q  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation &` u<KKF6  
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    '************************************************************************* rsR0V+(W  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) b!ZXQn3X<  
    '************************************************************************* WoiK _Ud  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) _azg 0.)  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 1v4(  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >]k'3|vV  

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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ( {H5k''  
    count = 0 :sBg+MS  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *Ki ],>_~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op r c7"sIkV  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then wvm`JOP:A  
            DeleteOperation eID,count $3sS&i<  
            count=count-1 Q+[e)YO)  
        End If tw]RH(g+#  
        count=count+1 e1X*}OI  
    Wend "}]1OL SV  
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    'Set new shift in }xHoitOD  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Poacd;*  
    op.val1 = taq B8_w3;x  
    op.parent = parID z$E+xZ  
    AddOperation eID, op Dqe/n_Z  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 jl=<Q.Mm7  
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    '************************************************************************* 9 I> 3p4]  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -tSWYp{  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Pt?]JJxl-  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ZN|DR|cUY  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant U%ce0z  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant W 0Q-&4  
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    '************************************************************************* T"'"T]^ X  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 5f7;pS<  
    '************************************************************************* SG8H~]CO)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 50(/LV1  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic EW$ Je  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost viAvD6e  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost FK{YRt  
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    '************************************************************************* rB|D^@mG  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) "TKf"z
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    '************************************************************************* V{fYMgv  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) FZnkQ  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) MwL' H<  
    count = 0 tn;e PcU  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &~
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        GetOperation eID, count, op $g _h9L  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =A<kDxqH  
            DeleteOperation eID,count %$I\\qq>{  
            count=count-1 J}TS-j0  
        End If Y*3qH
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        count=count+1 <dDGV>n4;  
    Wend //:.k#}~B  
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    'Set new z-shift N- ?U2V  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" SMk{159q&  
    op.val1 = tlens R,/?p  
    op.parent = parID P@p(Y2&~g  
    AddOperation eID, op tz&=v,_jc  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens FJv=5L  
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    '************************************************************************* RM-|?%  
    'Lens index of refraction ?)7uwJsH  
    '************************************************************************* OqY8\>f-  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) rZe"*$e  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat z}s0D]$+x  
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    mat.Nd = nlens vAq`*]W+  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 6t TLyI$+  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens
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    '************************************************************************* G|Ic6Sd  
    'Pupil diameter _C&2-tnp  
    '************************************************************************* "}Ch2K  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Tm_AoZH  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) S,lJ&Rsu  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 6~0S%Hz   
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ,JN2q]QPP  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) NM/?jF@j*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) L"1UUOKy  
    count = 0 -wC;pA#o  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count WHqp7NPl  
        GetOperation eID, count, op  ]P(:z  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8}\VlH]
 
            DeleteOperation eID,count %(Nu"3|$K=  
            count=count-1 26yv w  
        End If =ILs[p  
        count=count+1 .rD@Q{e50  
    Wend x<"1T w5e  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8V;@yzIha  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 )(9>r/bq  
    op.parent = parID A$WE:<^  
    AddOperation eID, op m7zen530  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam @T._   
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ANc)igo  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7UejK r  
    GetEntity eID, entity 0_}OKn)J  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" $}jp=?,t  
    SetEntity eID, entity 2#kR1rJP  
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    Update Ha1E /b]K  
    Print "DONE!" A9Q!V01_  
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End Sub v98=#k!F  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： <h4"^9hL  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters XpdDIKMmE  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm r )ZUeHt}w  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 [!]a' T#x  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 wV+ W(  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ^&zwO7cS  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Ds9pXgU(Z  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ]iRE^o6  
Set pupil diameter = 4 |Up+Kc:z/n  
DONE! FAfk;<#'n+  
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