[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 xcst<=  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Z a! gbt  
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模型 /iplU  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 mjbTy"}"  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. vm8$:W2 }  
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光源 ]% K' fXj$  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 )IHG6}<  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 J96uyS
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 @Gt`Ds9=  
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视网膜的散射 ow/U   
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 }9^@5!qX  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 sef]>q  
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脚本 dxK9:IX  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： i)MEK#{  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 l(!/Q|Q|  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 E8ta|D  
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分析 ^`XCT  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 uH:YKH':/  
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脚本代码 WF[bO7:  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. jo9gCP.  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ~e-z,:Af  
Dim op As T_OPERATION K\u_Ji]k  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Rko M~`CT  
Dim A As Double *z8|P#@  
Dim pupilDiam As Double rS7)6h7(7  
Dim eID As Long Dvc&RG  
Dim parID As Long TB!(('  
Dim count As Integer r@kP*  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double > 'i  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ) #+^ sAO  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double SwW['c'*]B  
Dim ok As Long YlF%UPp  
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Sub Main Mxl]"?z  
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    '用户输入对话框 "N5!mpD"  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Pw[g  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Nd@~>&F  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ,|h)bg7.  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 oM1Qh?  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 NxA)@9Q  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Iz@)!3h  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 mJ}opy!{;  
    End Dialog >V$ Gx>I  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog VIJ<``9[  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) x@KZ]  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed p B;
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        Print "Execution cancelled." yuhnYR\`m  
        End
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    End If ye}p~&  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty om h{0jA0  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 5jxQW ;  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ?OlV"zK  
    Else _zWfI.o  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) /Q{P3:k  
    End If tmUFT  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then YXo|~p;=Y  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter $~;D9  
    Else OTDg5:>  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ^Yj xeNY  
    End If \QE)m<G
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    Print " " 26vp1  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" @&|l^ 1  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" :GpDg  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation )lk&z8;.=  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness xg_Df,  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens M-V&X&?j  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens XxIHoX&  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens #n0Y6Pr  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 3I\n_V<  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness y\
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Bw%Qbs0Q  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Suk  
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    '************************************************************************* ,to+oSZE  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) D(-yjY8aG  
    '************************************************************************* ]0hrRA`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) g<{xC_J  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity $un?0S  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) PxH72hBS  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z EBz}|GY;  
    count = 0 (jU6GJRP  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?v>ET2wD  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `;%]'F0`  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then otggN:^Qw  
            DeleteOperation eID,count q[`j`8YY!R  
            count=count-1 pvmC$n^zc  
        End If [
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        count=count+1 Xp0F [>h  
    Wend Hx,0zS%>  
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    'Set new shift in g1t0l%_7^  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" UG=K|OXWJ  
    op.val1 = taq a7N!B'y  
    op.parent = parID q.,JVGMS  
    AddOperation eID, op `{qG1  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 @v}/zS  
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    '************************************************************************* sc,Xw:YO  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens _h}kp\sps  
    '************************************************************************* M|:UwqV>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) |4'Y/re  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [l
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant bV,}Pp+/"!  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant c y8;@[#9  
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    '************************************************************************* RjN{%YkXe  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Ol!ntNhXm  
    '************************************************************************* F_CYYGZ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Yk=PS[f  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic M![J2=  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost `]%|f  
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    '************************************************************************* H)n9O/u  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) s_mS^`P7  
    '************************************************************************* c
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) uCcYPvm  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 4ec
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    count = 0 F]<Xv"  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (SvWvm  
        GetOperation eID, count, op EKO[!,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |j,"Pl}il^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count k?,1x
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            count=count-1 ga`3 (  
        End If sIy^m}02  
        count=count+1 :2EDjW  
    Wend _ jsK}- \  
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    'Set new z-shift 76`8=!]R  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Q637N|01  
    op.val1 = tlens b}"N`,0dO  
    op.parent = parID 3xaR@xjS  
    AddOperation eID, op 9?SZNL['V  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens xU4 +|d  
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    '************************************************************************* 6}!#;@D~
 
    'Lens index of refraction 5;YMqUkw  
    '************************************************************************* jWrj?DV,2N  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) LA}Syt\F  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat  B\o Mn  
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    mat.Nd = nlens M 
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat E4M@WNPx  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens eLfk\kk]Pc  
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    '************************************************************************* ;;#q
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    'Pupil diameter )!P)U(*v  
    '************************************************************************* lIW }EM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 'ZDp5pCC;  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) $}!p+$  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;6>2"{N
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ,X`)ct  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;)D];u|_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) -;^j:L{   
    count = 0 hpO`]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "eB$k40-  
        GetOperation eID, count, op YoBDvV":@  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then AP'*Nh@Ik(  
            DeleteOperation eID,count R#%(5-Zu#R  
            count=count-1 7/I,HxXp!  
        End If iOW#>66d  
        count=count+1 5kCUaP
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    Wend E87Ww,z8  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" e4?>-  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Nn!+,;ut  
    op.parent = parID {>hC~L?
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    AddOperation eID, op onz?_SAW  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam um!J]N^  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description #
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Egg=yF>T  
    GetEntity eID, entity -?V-*jI  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" *U&0<{|T  
    SetEntity eID, entity =8AO:  
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    Update PQ5QA61  
    Print "DONE!" RtTJ5@V(  
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End Sub `6~
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 2^h27A  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters K|zZS%?$  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 8m2Tk\;:  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 U>=Z- T  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 #@YPic"n7`  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 )h"<\%LU  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 vK|E>nL  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 _=_Px@<Q  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ~zCEpU|@N  
DONE! %7zuQ \w  
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