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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 2(, `9  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 \Lz2"JI  
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    模型 GYx_9"J\5  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 S<hj6A  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. QFI8|i@  
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    光源 +&W%]KEh  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 iaqhP7!  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 >bf29tr  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 h\ (z!7t*  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 +TzF*Np  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 cT8`l!RD<  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 58H[sM4>  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 VrF(0,-Z`3  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 IT,TSs/Y  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: `<Z5/;a5W  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ubV|s|J  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 m6BIQ(l  
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    分析 ^h+<Q%'a'  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 1 l'Wb2g>A  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 (F$V m  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. =J0X{Ovn4z  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY iH& Izv  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION <|~8Ezd  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 7|6uY  
    Dim A As Double @O}%sjC1  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double y4aSf2   
    Dim eID As Long _ x&Y'X|  
    Dim parID As Long nB?$W4  
    Dim count As Integer N"2Ire  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double '>AOJ aA  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double t\nYUL-H  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double .jRp.U  
    Dim ok As Long /dpEL9K  
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    Sub Main Z~^)B8  
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        '用户输入对话框 c>~"Z-VtX  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 dxkq*  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ANEW^\  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 A-\OB Nh  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 B&&:A4  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21  Hu|;cbK  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 DVxW2J  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 K!6k<  
        End Dialog / %}Xiqlrd  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog S[rz=[7{  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) K1Ms  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed yTWP1  
            Print "Execution cancelled." PSz|I8 c  
            End P.WEu<$  
        End If g+oSbC  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Sw<@u+Z;%  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 8%]o6'd4  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ; F% 3b47  
        Else iJE  $3  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) x 5vvY  
        End If A{mv[x-XN  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then -@{5 u d  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter \EF^Ag  
        Else s86Ij>VLf  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) t<5 $85Y~  
        End If J ylav:  
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        Print " " [+EmV>Y  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" '{+5+ J  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" .$5QM&  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 7 sv 3=/`  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness $_NYu  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens v< qN -zG  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens e E:J  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens $'FPsoH  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Os--@5e  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 9?$Qk0jc  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 8."B  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ?7>G\0G  
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        '************************************************************************* .} al s  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) wWjZXsOd  
        '************************************************************************* J:g4ES-/   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) r'!L}^n  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity o9I=zAGjy  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) a=n* }.  
    ,*_=w^;Rr  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z SB"Uu2)wZ  
        count = 0 -JgN$Sf  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <y4hK3wP  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 4mYJi#e6x  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -\=s+n_ZP?  
                DeleteOperation eID,count cQM_kV??!  
                count=count-1 WbF[4 x  
            End If /G*]3=cSe  
            count=count+1 Eod'Esye5  
        Wend B?A]0S  
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        'Set new shift in 5dwC~vn}c  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 'x/pV5[hQ  
        op.val1 = taq ->"Z1  
        op.parent = parID ~4-:;8a  
        AddOperation eID, op t5t!-w\M$+  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 u*n%cXY;J/  
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        '************************************************************************* {\:"OcP #  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 1nGpW$Gx  
        '************************************************************************* E}-Y!,v^  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) D1G9^7:^E  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (r Tn6[ *  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 4^*+G]]wZ~  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 6l Suzu  
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        '************************************************************************* C?OqS+  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens V.\12P  
        '************************************************************************* _z6_mmMp  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) P]h-**O  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 8&q[jxI@8  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost RX])#=Cs  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 7 &O 0  
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        '************************************************************************* pDYcsC{p  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) /&>vhpZ}  
        '************************************************************************* - K%hug  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Sm5 T/&z  
    *'l|ws  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) d U}kimz  
        count = 0 Pl/}`H:R&  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count b=$(`y  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ja2BK\"1:  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ea<kc[Q  
                DeleteOperation eID,count (JX 9c  
                count=count-1 MP6Py@J45  
            End If ?"@`SEdnU2  
            count=count+1 YP4lizs.  
        Wend %96l(JlJ)B  
    9YQYg@+R  
        'Set new z-shift tX.fbL@ T  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" BbC aIt  
        op.val1 = tlens H$M{thW  
        op.parent = parID 4Pv Pp{Y  
        AddOperation eID, op d_] sV4[  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens SoJ=[5W  
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        '************************************************************************* \2#j1/d4  
        'Lens index of refraction YQ$Wif:@(n  
        '************************************************************************* p|0ZP6!|  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 8M6wc394  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat Sv>bU4LHf  
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        mat.Nd = nlens @3v[L<S{  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat XF Cwa  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens {b,#l]v  
    }trQ<*D  
        '************************************************************************* crlCN  
        'Pupil diameter /D~MHO{  
        '************************************************************************* W*WSjuFr2  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 8#h~J>u.  
    BenUyv1d  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 8{B]_: -:  
    W6&mXJ^3L  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" g;-6Hg'  
    qA>C<NL  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens @.8FVF  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) c[zGWF#1>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) o?`^ UG-   
        count = 0 Aa!#=V1d  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count L43]0k  
            GetOperation eID, count, op M $\!SXL  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1zGhX]z  
                DeleteOperation eID,count []<N@a6VA>  
                count=count-1 j`l'Mg  
            End If "?Yf3G:\0  
            count=count+1 /I~(*X  
        Wend XtftG7r9S  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" L a8D%N  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 G_v^IM#B=  
        op.parent = parID \F8 :6-  
        AddOperation eID, op |y DaFv  
    $Ma*qEB  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam '9tV-whw  
    i-M<_62c  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description a_(fqoW  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /;;$9O9  
        GetEntity eID, entity EY}*}-3  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" f5P@PG]{  
        SetEntity eID, entity ?F^O7\rw  
    'q7&MM'oS^  
        Update tk66Ggi[K  
        Print "DONE!" Q=?YY-*$  
         Gq =i-I  
    End Sub ftRzgW);  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: Q7pjF`wu  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 9/dI 6P7  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm XLj|y#h  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 PwS7!dzH-  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 qt=nN-AC(  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 2|JtRE+  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 @,;VMO  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 I.{%e;Reg  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 rtT*2k*  
    DONE! m/p:W/0L  
    :$^cY>o  
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    QQ:2987619807 @WTzFjv@?4  
     
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