[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 kLS(w??T  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ;$BdP7i:  
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模型 }E}8_8T6  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 "Jy
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. &s)0z)mR8&  
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光源 [B0K  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 !RlC~^ -  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 )~rB}>^Z  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 cX At:m  
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视网膜的散射 Jbp5'e _  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 5]7&IDA]]9  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 LW39YMw<  

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脚本 b Dg9P^<n  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： o@dy:AR  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 HR3_@^<7  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 (L|}`  
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分析 !*P&Eat  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 kU
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脚本代码 yx0Q+Sm1:  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. H4skvIl  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY (^H5EeGV{  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 9bn2UiJk  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL EDN(eh(_  
Dim A As Double S?,_<GD)w  
Dim pupilDiam As Double :l~EE!  
Dim eID As Long \|Qb[{<:,  
Dim parID As Long 8D2yR#3  
Dim count As Integer G&o64W;-s  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double lcig7%  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double M5Wl3tZL  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double <bdyAUeFw  
Dim ok As Long +Pw,Nl\KD  
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Sub Main Ofm5[q=  
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    '用户输入对话框 XOxB (0@  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Ea4 * o  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 n4>cERfa  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 A7(M,4`6  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 XTj73 MWY  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 jm>U6  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 (zm
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 .b _?-Fv  
    End Dialog [`
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog q5?L1  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) U"B.:C2  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ,F}r@  
        Print "Execution cancelled." =z-5  
        End (H[  
    End If M1(9A>|nF  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty B<+pg  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ,|iy1yg(  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation j=Q$K#sBt  
    Else G)~MbesJ  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) {Ve D@  
    End If fwH`}<o  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then k)i"tpw  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter U,38qKE  
    Else bHJoEYY^  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) FbBX}n  
    End If 08O7F  
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    Print " " rV~T>x  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" jjX%$Hr  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 7y;u} 1  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation +.wT 9kFcc  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness n_u`B|^Pj  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens T|!D>l'  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ^ePsIl1E  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens h*G#<M  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens h
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness  rWqkdi1  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ,b:n1  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation XL&hs+Y  
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    '************************************************************************* 3y/1!A3  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) V8\$`NEP  
    '************************************************************************* Esb?U|F4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) QTeFR&q8  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity H/pcXj  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) W\'Nv/L  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z g%X&f_@  
    count = 0 #jhQBb4?,  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count m';#R9\Fz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op .|U4N/XN%q  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Q6eN+i2 ;  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {ip=iiW2  
            count=count-1 //~POm
  
        End If " \`BPN  
        count=count+1 g&
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    Wend fVG$8tB  
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    'Set new shift in v'h3CaA9j  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" DakLD~H;  
    op.val1 = taq 1 pa*T!  
    op.parent = parID 1!X1wCT  
    AddOperation eID, op k\nH&nb  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 kV_#9z7%  
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    '************************************************************************* bd,Uz%o_  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens +:fqL  
    '************************************************************************* <"hb#Tn  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) YW'{|9KnI  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 5?Uo&e  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant txj wZ_p  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant $*YC7f  
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    '************************************************************************* d&NCFx  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens /&*m1EN#o  
    '************************************************************************* \s.1R/TyD  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 0[V&8\S~'T  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic z\e>DdS  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost )?F$-~7  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost o G(0i  
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    '************************************************************************* UedvA9$&;  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) I/^q+l.=`{  
    '************************************************************************* ,DexJ1  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) F9Ifw><XM  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) t9?R/:B%  
    count = 0 _L?v6MTj  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count C<r(-qO{5  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `%FIgE^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then xIS\4]F?r  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Ix*BI9E  
            count=count-1 vh<]aiY  
        End If "V*kOb&'*Z  
        count=count+1 ATKYjhc _  
    Wend q,<n,0)K  
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    'Set new z-shift g,00'z_D  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" }s`jl``PM  
    op.val1 = tlens Ul'~opf  
    op.parent = parID S1D9AcK  
    AddOperation eID, op di-O*ug  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens b}ySZlmy  
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    '************************************************************************* BengRG[  
    'Lens index of refraction e#l*/G*,  
    '************************************************************************* a"`g"ZRx  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) =giM@MV  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat [ea6dv4p  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 03X<x|  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat M[:O(  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens SRA|7g}7W  
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    '************************************************************************* 2x)0?N[$O  
    'Pupil diameter NWo7wVwc/c  
    '************************************************************************* *23m-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) xT_fr,P  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 1$='`@8I  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" _Vdb?  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens B(4:_j\2  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Fpj6Atk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) OoAr%  
    count = 0 *kX3sG$8  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count GNhtnB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op OYqYI!N/  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1R5\GKF6o  
            DeleteOperation eID,count !.;xt L   
            count=count-1 l}2%?d  
        End If $I}Hk^X  
        count=count+1 % +kT  
    Wend QrNL7{  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" w8m8r`h  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 <F#*:Re_y  
    op.parent = parID LyJTK1]#  
    AddOperation eID, op 9A/Kn]s(jj  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Vq\..!y  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ?z)y%`}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Ckl7rpY+  
    GetEntity eID, entity t6<sNzF&  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" t_dw}I  
    SetEntity eID, entity SQ~N X)  
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    Update ADLa.{  
    Print "DONE!" %vf2||a$BS  
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End Sub 4i[v ew  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： F(KH-  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters dPH! V6r  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm !\&7oAs=I  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 68'-1}  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 L5zG0mC8  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 u'$yYzBE  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 %|D\j-~  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 c5B_WqjJ  
Set pupil diameter = 4 :{wsd$Qlj  
DONE! @Q$/eL  
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