[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 S~(VcC$K  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 "vRqtEBO@  
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模型 S| -{wC%  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ZE(RvPW  

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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. .Zt/e>K&  
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光源 ,G/X"t ~  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 |2&mvjk@H  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 yh
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Ek
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视网膜的散射 iR5soIR  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 lz0]p  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 &J@ZF<Ib  
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脚本 &>4$ [m>n  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： A"ph!* i{  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 L`@&0Zk  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 s"F,=]HQ!G  
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分析 `CouP-g.  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 vjWgR9 4/{  
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脚本代码 N5]68Fu'({  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 9.}3RAB(cv  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ATewdq[C  
Dim op As T_OPERATION E0Xu9IW/A  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL *hgsS~  
Dim A As Double $}
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Dim pupilDiam As Double Dp'af4+%$  
Dim eID As Long Y(mwJud|  
Dim parID As Long Y{{,62D  
Dim count As Integer &G,v*5N8$K  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double t?&ajh  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double n8C {Okr  
Dim ok As Long \05C'z3]  
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Sub Main ]qQB+]WN  
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    '用户输入对话框 ~.SU$  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ~$Yuxo  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 "q8'tN><  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 2)H|/  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ^U1+D^AJ  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 PSvRO%&  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 L(YT6Vmm+t  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 xk<0QYv   
    End Dialog MQI=  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog DvKMb-*S  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) SxyFFt  

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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ;0W
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        Print "Execution cancelled." J#^M  
        End BW1O1zIh\  
    End If #-8/|_*  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ![Y$[l  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then wjs7K|PK  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ~'Hwszpb  
    Else cwM0Z6  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) =
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    End If T~d';P  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then U$%w"k7^(  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter @:8|tJu8b  
    Else e&kg[jU  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) &'j77tqOk  
    End If <aS1bQgaU  
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    Print " " -A~<IyPt  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" F.6SX (x  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" #YV;Gp(2h  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 36z{TWF  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ""=Vt]  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens hHQt4 r'd  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens -8:@xG2  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 0Oq1ay^
  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens xC]/i(+bA  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Xb {y*',  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction jA'+>`@  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 5,3h'\ "!  
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    '************************************************************************* b(F`$N@7C  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) [Pl$=[+  
    '************************************************************************* `K.yE0^i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Tbw8#[6AX  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity \ U_DTI  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5Dd;?T>  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z m"5gzH  
    count = 0 >jIc/yEYKI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count NUseYU``  
        GetOperation eID, count, op lH8?IkK,g  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then qp8;=Nfa  
            DeleteOperation eID,count GbhaibkO  
            count=count-1 78kk"9h'  
        End If aE}u5L$#  
        count=count+1 i@6 kIC  
    Wend !!AutkEg>  
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    'Set new shift in BR*U9K|W  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" oz QL2  
    op.val1 = taq J5-^@JYK  
    op.parent = parID bZ=d!)%P-{  
    AddOperation eID, op -Cl0!}P4I  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ! d(,t[cV  
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    '************************************************************************* !Wk "a7  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens b@k3y9&  
    '************************************************************************* ]#;JPO#*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) p("do1:  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic z]pH'c39
 
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant EJZ2V>\_-0  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 'k hJ
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    '************************************************************************* UCFef,VW  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Cs<d\"+  
    '************************************************************************* JyV"jL   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) j`bOJTBE  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic FRr<K^M  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Y0DBkg  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost /h;X1Htx}  
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    '************************************************************************* ;G?_^ 0  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) /PO5z7n0J  
    '************************************************************************* giv cq'L  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) JA&w"2X*E  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 0YKG`W  
    count = 0 Q~`n%uYg\{  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count IP-mo!Y.  
        GetOperation eID, count, op FXIQS'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Pm-@ZZ~  
            DeleteOperation eID,count H}d&>!\}F  
            count=count-1 Wn|w~{d{  
        End If ) Limt<S  
        count=count+1 ke/QFN-`  
    Wend %@LVoP!@!  
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    'Set new z-shift ,>)/y
  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3*
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    op.val1 = tlens 2$|WXYY  
    op.parent = parID SJL?(S*  
    AddOperation eID, op N[Fz6,ZG _  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens NcdOzx>  
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    '************************************************************************* yPW?%7 h  
    'Lens index of refraction ~qRP.bV%f  
    '************************************************************************* &<4Jyhm:o  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 0^4Tem@  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat r@ ]{`qA  
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    mat.Nd = nlens rZ<@MV|d  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat i0hF9M  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 'z@(,5  
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    '************************************************************************* ((#|>W\&  
    'Pupil diameter P)4SrqW_  
    '************************************************************************* H_Vf_p?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ]wZG4
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Que-  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" M,zUg_@  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens #Fq6-]y1")  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "??$yMW  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) (k4>I"x)  
    count = 0 re:=fC:t5A  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count !gu# #MrJ9  
        GetOperation eID, count, op x^&D8&4^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ar }F^8Ku  
            DeleteOperation eID,count )V7bi^r  
            count=count-1 Bg{"{poy  
        End If O1Vs!  
        count=count+1 s:CsUl|  
    Wend (V5_q,2  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" M, f6UYo=  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 "6o}g.  
    op.parent = parID l!
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    AddOperation eID, op _46 
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 1$H*E~  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Tc$Jvy-G4A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \b6H4aQii  
    GetEntity eID, entity c"~+Y2]tL  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 4-1=1)c*  
    SetEntity eID, entity 7M9Ey29f  
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    Update (Rj'd>%c  
    Print "DONE!" yy8h8{=g  
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End Sub 8cI<~|4_  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： =wEU+R_#o  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters _P,3~ ;  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 4Qwv:4La  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 F/}(FG<'>I  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 }&!fT\4  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 hhRUC&Y%V  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ()%Not
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 d|I?%LX0p  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ^N#z&oh  
DONE! 4E:kDl*@  
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