[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 wEJzLFCn  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Dh?I  
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模型 W7!iYxO  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 R:R<Xt N`5  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. kLU-4W5t  
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光源 5/7(>ivn  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Q[K)Yd  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 a_?b<  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ?2dI8bG  
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视网膜的散射 18Z1F  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ~ A
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 " r o'?  
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脚本 0`-b57lF&  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ,$>l[G;Bm  

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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 i$PO#}  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ^7YNM<_%@  
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分析 mTxqcQc:7  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 O#=%t  
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脚本代码 {5<fvMO!6  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. n-l_PhPQ`  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY -bHlFNRm  
Dim op As T_OPERATION c3g`k"3*`  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL dgoAaS2M  
Dim A As Double t(uvc{K*  
Dim pupilDiam As Double *URT-+'  
Dim eID As Long m:[I$b6AY  
Dim parID As Long WGUw`sc\  
Dim count As Integer 4^bt~{}  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 9,`i[Dzp  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double a
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double R)Arr77  
Dim ok As Long /3~L#
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Sub Main 5}ftiy[Yc  
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    '用户输入对话框 U{M3QOF  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ?{B5gaU9F  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 nM2<u[{gF  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 A?!RF7v  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 52tc|j6~#  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ~a`[p
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 0r1GGEW`s  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 __.MS6"N  
    End Dialog C:5-h(#  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Nn FR;  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) i:0v6d
  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed J~]@#=,v  
        Print "Execution cancelled." =N\; ?eF(  
        End L4m Vk  
    End If jL"V0M]c  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty iiIns.V  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then bAZoi0LR  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ;98b SR/  
    Else EpMxq7*  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 9Sxr9FLW~  
    End If :)lG}c  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then nJN-U+)u  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter W{"sB:E  
    Else \~E?;q!  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) nZ(]WPIN"  
    End If v7 *L3Ol  
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    Print " " x'x5tg  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" =?6c&Z  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Intuda7e1  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation h2Nt@  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness s;OGb{H7  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens M0fN[!*z  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens qS/}aDk&  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 8c)GUx  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens {kk%_q  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness -K=.A*}  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction K'Ywv@  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation -a)1L'R  
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    '************************************************************************* ]{6/6jl  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens)
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    '************************************************************************* %@Gy<t,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) _HHvL=  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 8)1q,[:M  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) AyO%,6p[  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z paIjXaU1Mb  
    count = 0 Z|n|gxe  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /=p[k^A  
        GetOperation eID, count, op $UH:r  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then $M)i]ekm  
            DeleteOperation eID,count c36p+6rJk=  
            count=count-1 (Ut8pa+yX  
        End If !YAX.e  
        count=count+1 5,gT|4|B\g  
    Wend RD:G9[  
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    'Set new shift in $VHIU1JjZ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 9?,i+\)qK@  
    op.val1 = taq `#ruZM066  
    op.parent = parID GfELL`yz  
    AddOperation eID, op wPM>-F  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 6AJk6W^Z  
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    '************************************************************************* dzOco)y  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens p$\>3\  
    '************************************************************************* ~6i'V?>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) }"TQ\v$  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic i4|R0>b  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant $@'BB=i  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ?-)!dl%N  
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    '************************************************************************* IADHe\.  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens &K0b3AWc  
    '************************************************************************* GmR3 a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Li6|c*K'  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic xZ`z+
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost pZ>yBY?R8>  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost I0zx'x)F  
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    '************************************************************************* !vf:mMo  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) CKn2ZL  
    '************************************************************************* "HJ^>%ia  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Bn]=T  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) B$2b=\  
    count = 0 .1[.f}g$J  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count D:Q#%wJ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~g=&wT11  
            DeleteOperation eID,count d/9YtG%q  
            count=count-1 =T9h7c R  
        End If #sc!H4  
        count=count+1 P_5aHeiJ  
    Wend Eto"B"  
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    'Set new z-shift /7D5I\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" HMF2sc$N  
    op.val1 = tlens qt@/  
    op.parent = parID ym{@w3"S  
    AddOperation eID, op O(W"QY  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens R/v|ZvI  
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    '************************************************************************* !-}Q{<2@W  
    'Lens index of refraction &AJ bx  
    '************************************************************************* our ^J8
  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) X0 |U?Ib?  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Vbv^@Kp  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 0FcDO5ia  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ="$w8iRU  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ,CyX*k8o  
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    '************************************************************************* mj'~-$5T  
    'Pupil diameter 5&s6(?,Eu  
    '*************************************************************************  <)TIj6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ( 3B1X  

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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @}4>:\es  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" i$] :Y`3h  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens KhWy  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) E'\gd7t ;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Fl.?*KBz  
    count = 0 
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count YxM\qy{Vr  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 1!^BcrG.  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5Lc@=,/0  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ,Sgo_bC/|  
            count=count-1 }BM`4/  
        End If \L(jNN0_R  
        count=count+1 neu+h6#H  
    Wend b~&cYk'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" %EU_OS(u.{  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01
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    op.parent = parID ` 1+*-g^r  
    AddOperation eID, op W\Pd:t  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam /rZk^/'  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description :4zPYG o  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &qWg$_Yh  
    GetEntity eID, entity ,5zY1C==Ut  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" B`QF;,3S  
    SetEntity eID, entity S=P}Jpq?Y;  
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    Update AT I=&O`  
    Print "DONE!" dsw^$R}  
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End Sub ;cf$u}+  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： D-@6 hWh~  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters {Yxvb**
  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 8US35t:M  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4O
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 (+v':KH3_  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 :a Cf@:']  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 &c-V QP(  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 BD]J/o  
Set pupil diameter = 4 !KXcg9e  
DONE! ;sA 5&a>!  
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