[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 pt!'v$G/*  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Cd~LsdKE5  
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模型 eqFvrESN~=  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 nm):SEkC  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. b(T@~P/  
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光源 WN0c%kz=  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 /yK"t<p  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 1ih*gJPpj  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 bF6gBM@*  
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视网膜的散射 TcZN%  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ak2dn]]D  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ewQe/Fq  
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脚本 H5p5S\g-)  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： '>]&rb09|  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 u*k*yWdr  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Lupy:4
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分析 tQf
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 <i7agEdZD  
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脚本代码 x/_dW  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. $owb3g(%4  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY pj@Yqg/  
Dim op As T_OPERATION H9:%6sds  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL DUo0w f#D^  
Dim A As Double Vku#;:yUb^  
Dim pupilDiam As Double "B?R| Xg  
Dim eID As Long 8E 9{ Gf  
Dim parID As Long #~*XDWvIS~  
Dim count As Integer 1W0.Ufl)  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double FdM<;}6T  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double uZ<%kV1B  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 9nO(xJ"e4  
Dim ok As Long r hZQQOQ  
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Sub Main ~K%k 0kT  
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    '用户输入对话框 >*{:l,LH  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 HoV{Uzm  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ]*a@*0=  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 cp|:8 [  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 [JZ h*A  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 mDlCt_h  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 IY03"  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 {sl~2#,}b1  
    End Dialog hi0XVC95  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 7\f{'KL  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) p!QR3k.9s  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed X;(oz]tr$  
        Print "Execution cancelled." f%L:<4  
        End a" ^#!G<+  
    End If dA|Lufy#  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty LH,]vuXh  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ,T/GW,?  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 8B_0!U&]  
    Else |1lf(\T_  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) {uEu>D$8  
    End If +{S Maq  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then  !,Qm  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter dZ.}j&ZH'  
    Else j/~VP2R`  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) N/(ofy  
    End If g%+ql[(4  
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    Print " " AL(n*,  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" >).@Nb;e  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ZUv ZNf  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation /L)?> tg  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness !?S5IGLOj  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens M\9at\$  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens H]Y#pLu|  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 1d=0q?nH  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens PG\\V$}A(  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Q-M rH   
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction jM6uT'Io  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation FrgW7`s[A  
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    '************************************************************************* q2[+-B)m  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) un.G6|S  
    '************************************************************************* %j~9O~-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) I/u
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity ~l;yr @  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0Ei\VVK>  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z iSnIBs9\  
    count = 0 }K#iCb
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count QWU5-p9e8  
        GetOperation eID, count, op hdo+Qezu:  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then pA*D/P-  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;:v]NZtc  
            count=count-1 , LCH2r  
        End If OI)&vQ5k  
        count=count+1 >:3xi{  
    Wend p=:7 atE  
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    'Set new shift in i n[n Aa  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" fs]#/*RR  
    op.val1 = taq =YS!soO  
    op.parent = parID >VpP/Qf  
    AddOperation eID, op rU/-Wq`B  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 E#yCcC!wMY  
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    '************************************************************************* zv$=*  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens TKj/6Jz|  
    '************************************************************************* FE$M[^1_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) >=.ch5h3J)  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic {jj]K
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 8cYuzt]..  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant v*vub#wP  
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    '************************************************************************* 5#9`ROT9  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens &-EyM*:u!  
    '************************************************************************* z|t.y.JX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) {Sd@u$&  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Hl4vLx@  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 2dp*>F0L  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost -jcrXskb&N  
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    '************************************************************************* 2c*VHIl;  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ex;Yn{4  
    '************************************************************************* Mt7X<?GZm  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) S4@117z5  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) A;/Xt  
    count = 0 "9MX,}X*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g/n"N>L  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 4nVO.Ud0$X  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;&7qw69k  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 3RTB~K8:{  
            count=count-1 (AyRs7Dkn  
        End If YQfZiz}Fv  
        count=count+1 DbPBgD>Q  
    Wend g:@Cg.q8  
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    'Set new z-shift J\Oc]gi\L  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" %>x0*T$$  
    op.val1 = tlens !'
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    op.parent = parID gvwCoCbb  
    AddOperation eID, op V.E.~<7D\  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens X~<>K/}u5  
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    '************************************************************************* do:RPZ!  
    'Lens index of refraction `gA5P %  
    '************************************************************************* Cbf,X[u  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) E`sapk  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Si%Eimiq  
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    mat.Nd = nlens +(=[M]5#n  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ;#Crh}~  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens *Kp
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    '************************************************************************* y+~Aw"J}  
    'Pupil diameter /fcwz5~  
    '************************************************************************* 16d{IGMz  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) PHB\)/  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) )Lv6vnT>  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" (HP={MrV  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens aX%g+6t2  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rqG6Ll`=+
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) s$=B~l  
    count = 0 n B|C-.F  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count fSb@7L  
        GetOperation eID, count, op WY ^K7U  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E'6z7m.  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 0^tJX1L  
            count=count-1 [+[fD  
        End If 4QN6BZJ5  
        count=count+1 )F9V=PJE  
    Wend nqw*oLFQ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" C8%nBa/  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 L:];[xa%  
    op.parent = parID #IciNCIrG  
    AddOperation eID, op ,19"[:WN  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam D/!G
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ^<H#dkECG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) UW~tS  
    GetEntity eID, entity {gq:sj>  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" TuT=  
    SetEntity eID, entity >?Y3WPB<F  
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    Update Uu<sntyv  
    Print "DONE!" "Mu$3w  
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End Sub A 5\"e^>  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： vzQmijr-  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters :y)&kJpleP  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 6(RqR  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 E9NGdp&-Ah  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 &qj&WfrB,  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 d(cYtM,P  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 9hi(P*%q  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 {s^n|b}  
Set pupil diameter = 4 UM;bVf?  
DONE! bu!<0AP"N+  
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