[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 7F9g:r/^  
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模型 .'2gJ"?,  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 fJ"~XTN}T  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. & Dl
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光源 ^xNe Eb  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ' /<b[  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 pB7Z;&9  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ^sn>p}T
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视网膜的散射 AXv;r<  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 \C2P{q/m  
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脚本 QZa#iL  

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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： [W;dguh  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 #5:A?aj  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 lJY=*KB(6  
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分析 } 9s  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 R9-JjG2v  
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脚本代码 T9<nD"=:  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. vA-p}]%  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY =(5GU<}  
Dim op As T_OPERATION W
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL TY[d%rMm  
Dim A As Double l@J|p#0q  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Ns=
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Dim eID As Long mXM>6>;y  
Dim parID As Long ,fJ(.KI0  
Dim count As Integer J9c3d~YW  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double +Qvgpx>  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double mKn357:  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 9v,8OK)  
Dim ok As Long ftuQ"Ds  
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Sub Main %FFm[[nxI  
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    '用户输入对话框 ;C3?Ic  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 `+;oo
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 rAw1g,&  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 lBZ*G  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 w}
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 U`_vF~el~  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ER0#$yFpM  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 J}KktD@!O  
    End Dialog >Io7h#[u  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog .p~;U|h"  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) cP=mJ1  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed
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        Print "Execution cancelled." /l%qq*Ew  
        End % peb{i  
    End If U (7P X`1  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty dk`!UtNNRa  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then (w B[ ]O$@  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation Qnx92
 
    Else L([>yQZ  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) A1$'[8U~3  
    End If rL3Vogw'e  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then e"mfJY  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 'X<uG x  
    Else {;M/J  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Jc^ozw  
    End If x99 Oq!  
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    Print " " 0j MI)aY.  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" F|{?GV%hF  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" )p9n|C  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation &uW.V+3  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness .cog9H'  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens FWTl:LqFO  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ]%hI-  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Y @
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens x[6Bc  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness B*N8:u  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction P~Owvs/=  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation zZiVBUmE<  
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    '************************************************************************* Av]N.HB$  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) x^
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    '************************************************************************* t}l<#X5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) z# B) b5  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Ooy96M~
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }C#d;JC  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z &>+Z$ZD  
    count = 0 '|R|7nQAj  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8;3
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        GetOperation eID, count, op r'?&VS-Cj  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -H]O&u3'c  
            DeleteOperation eID,count qChPT:a  
            count=count-1 P'k39  
        End If W#\4"'=I  
        count=count+1 6V/mR~F1r  
    Wend ~VF,qspO  
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    'Set new shift in XW:(FzF  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" e(A&VIp  
    op.val1 = taq i%w'Cs0y  
    op.parent = parID 4HAfTQ 1G  
    AddOperation eID, op  ^k=[P  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 n1h+`nsf  
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    '************************************************************************* JJXf%o0yq  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens k2;yl_7  
    '************************************************************************* gO36tc:ce  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) VF.S)='>Eu  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0nAS4Az  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant E)bP}:4V  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Ye\%o[X  
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    '************************************************************************* ><HXd+- sd  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens %l,EA#89s  
    '************************************************************************* QH:i)v*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) T^W8_rm*3  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic x g@;d  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost #=rI[KI  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost R?R
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    '************************************************************************* RIlPH~  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) X8<ygci+.5  
    '************************************************************************* :tMWy m  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Im=E?t  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) )erPp@  
    count = 0 Ghz)=3  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _G42|lA$/  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ):\L#>:w  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then v{+*/NQ_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count KT}}=st%  
            count=count-1 q#1um @m3  
        End If O<5bsKw'r  
        count=count+1 )xU70:X  
    Wend (1R,  
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    'Set new z-shift aOOY_S E  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" EC7o 3LoND  
    op.val1 = tlens {k>m5L  
    op.parent = parID /D~:Ufw  
    AddOperation eID, op f;*\y!|lg~  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens w t}a`hxu  
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    '************************************************************************* _h#G-  
    'Lens index of refraction -$*YN{D+  
    '************************************************************************* v^pE=f*/  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) na~ r}77o  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat `8Gwf;P1  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 8Og9P1jVh  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat \J6T:jeS,  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens |tmD`ndO  

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    '************************************************************************* b]Jh0B~Y  
    'Pupil diameter G$q=WM!%#s  
    '************************************************************************* xH0Bk<`V:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) dW91nTQ:  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) N$.''D?7D  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" X|b~,X%N  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens _A(J^;?  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) FQ[::*-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 1m&(3%#{  
    count = 0 .DT1Jvl  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count zE{.oi  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ]wP)!UZ  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,Ti#g8j  
            DeleteOperation eID,count D[<8(~VP  
            count=count-1 7Y_S%B:F  
        End If 4ed( DSN  
        count=count+1 <K)^MLgN  
    Wend 0 {w?u%'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" O,7P6  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 5}1cNp6@  
    op.parent = parID mI l_ [  
    AddOperation eID, op C!:\H<gI  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam e+S%`Sg  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description zd+8fP/UB  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |n0 )s% 8`  
    GetEntity eID, entity l(
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 98A ;R  
    SetEntity eID, entity & %1XYpA.0  
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    Update ,Xao{o(  
    Print "DONE!" z"R-Sme  
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End Sub ^oj)#(3C  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 9Y~A2C  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters #;H+Kb5O  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ;/$zBr`'  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 P#6y  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 p9Ks=\yvL  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 S=2-<R  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 p1CY?K  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 nKch_Jb
 
Set pupil diameter = 4 Q4C28-#  
DONE!
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