[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 5s4x%L (~}  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 +I*a=qjq  
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模型 @cx#'  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 v=
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. h*Mi/\  
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光源 ICG:4n(,  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 mr]~(]B?r  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ir|L@Jj,  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 c% ?@3d  
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视网膜的散射 6]HMhv  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ]4lC/&nm  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 T7Ju7_q}  
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脚本 kD((1v*D$  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： p<FqK/  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 !rZ
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 UdpuQzV<4`  
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分析 \r3SvBwhFv  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 n6c+Okj  
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脚本代码 4`+R |"4  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ow'CwOj$  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 'PTQ S,E  
Dim op As T_OPERATION sM9
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ?MSV3uODb  
Dim A As Double @$~;vS  
Dim pupilDiam As Double emT/H95|,  
Dim eID As Long >``  
Dim parID As Long ;2gO(  
Dim count As Integer q5) K  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double gBXoEn]
 
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double p@d_Ru  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ]#'&x%m  
Dim ok As Long py%:,hi  
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Sub Main *(Z\"o!  
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    '用户输入对话框 -^< t%{d  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 i G%R'/*  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 yQN^F+.  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 'sa>G  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 YQR[0Y&e=  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Ia[<;":U  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 D]WrPWL8v  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 :8A@4vMS)?  
    End Dialog ?YF2Uc8z%2  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog qv<^%7gq  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) fY|[YPGO^  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed NE|Q0g  
        Print "Execution cancelled." *y|zF6  
        End y&wo"';  
    End If ehZ/J5  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 2g5jGe*0  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then EZZE(dq@gf  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation xiqeKoAD  
    Else ]VS:5kOj`  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) rrG}; A  
    End If jcRe),  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Bc'Mj=>;  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter xZVZYvC,t  
    Else #@E:|^$1y  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) I*n]8c  
    End If SErh"~[  
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    Print " " #9{2aRCJ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 4hkyq>c}  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" rkz84wDx  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation jrX`_Y  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness #JN4K>_4  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 0#~k)>(7lR  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Z tc\4  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens uII! ?   
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens *]!rT&E  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 35:R
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 4E+8kz'  

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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation I6,||!sZ  
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    '************************************************************************* 5tEkQ(Ei8  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) LZQG.  
    '************************************************************************* '-3K`[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) uG-S$n"7K  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ,R=$qi|  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5f2=`C0_  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z K>n@8<7  
    count = 0 ^AERGB\36  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^oNcZK>  
        GetOperation eID, count, op KEf1GU6s  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then N0N%~3  
            DeleteOperation eID,count qx*N-,M%k(  
            count=count-1 9Q\RCl_1  
        End If 8~g~XUl  
        count=count+1 U~dqxR"Q  
    Wend FtlJ3fB@  
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    'Set new shift in B9H.8+~(  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" mP?}h  
    op.val1 = taq 9#kk5)J  
    op.parent = parID SL +\{V2  
    AddOperation eID, op }g:'K  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 7p>T6jK)  
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    '************************************************************************* D[4%CQ1m  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens yV31OBC:  
    '************************************************************************* E )2/Vn2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Q5_,`r`  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic lA
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ==trl#kQ%%  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant yh).1Q-D  
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    '************************************************************************* %ofq  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens rd"!&i  
    '************************************************************************* ++O
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) w{]B)>! 1W  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ZZc^~  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 3K/]{ dkD  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost l>J%Q^  
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    '************************************************************************* =`Ky N/  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Yq:/dpA_  
    '************************************************************************* `>RM:!m6=$  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) qoW$Iw*q)B  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) P]L%$!g  
    count = 0 \Rha7O  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count J%fJF//U  
        GetOperation eID, count, op XXQC`%-]<i  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then z`D|O|#q
 
            DeleteOperation eID,count P$3!4D[  
            count=count-1 [$fB]7A  
        End If `iEYq0}  
        count=count+1 T8x/&g''  
    Wend PTTUI
  
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    'Set new z-shift )0Vj\>  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ucbtPTFYvr  
    op.val1 = tlens brLu~]I  
    op.parent = parID R
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    AddOperation eID, op v
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 5r;)Ppo  
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    '************************************************************************* WMFn#.aY5  
    'Lens index of refraction =w:H9uj6F  
    '************************************************************************* R/6 v#9m7  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) PAVlZ}kj  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat '8I=Tn  
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    mat.Nd = nlens b0tbS[j  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 715J1~aRNr  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $-E<{   
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    '************************************************************************* DYew6B-  
    'Pupil diameter ,3)JZM  
    '************************************************************************* jASK!3pY  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) tao9icl*`  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) vJW`aN1<I3  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" RaC6RH  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens P+3 ]g{2w  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dtXtZ!g2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) $A(3-n5=  
    count = 0 l 5f'R  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?w)A`G_  
        GetOperation eID, count, op b}N\h<\G  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E>"SC\#7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count `"$9L[>  
            count=count-1 l8lJ &  
        End If 9YBlMf`KEf  
        count=count+1 cL"Ral-qB  
    Wend ux[13]yY  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" za8+=?  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 M@0S*[O{"  
    op.parent = parID rPHM_fW(O@  
    AddOperation eID, op swh
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam lI5>d(6p  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 4U[X-AIY&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &(20*Vn,O  
    GetEntity eID, entity BJsN~`=r  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" r&XxF>  
    SetEntity eID, entity >Q)S-4iR  
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    Update TQ5kT?/{  
    Print "DONE!" e"2x!(&n(  
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End Sub vLCm,Bb2L  

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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ^9|&w.:@Q  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Xd&oERJj  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm >lugHF$G  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 D6EqJ,~  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 JJP!9<  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 NV
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 57$/Dn  
Set pupil diameter = 4 /(i~Hpp  
DONE! iyMoLZ5  
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