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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 pIO4,VL;W  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ;ojiJ ?jU  
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    模型 1W,(\'^R  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 j]5WK_~M  
    ;O=h$8]  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. P+(i^=S  
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    光源 X.#oEmA ,P  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 y8 E}2/  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 U ?b".hJ2  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ^k/i-%k0  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 d8x%SQ!V  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 p2O~>97t1  
    +c$I&JO  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ocQWQ   
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 "v]%3i.* -  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 {=Q7m`1  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: +RDJY(Y$  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 QwWW! 8  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ,T5u'";  
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    分析 TkRP3_b  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 F jrINxL7^  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 &xd.Qi2  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. pV\YG B+  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY /bVZ::A&_  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION E4%j.  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL j;nb?;  
    Dim A As Double Ib`-pRU;  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double v/Pw9j!r;m  
    Dim eID As Long h0|}TV^UJ  
    Dim parID As Long vZAv_8S)  
    Dim count As Integer B(5c9DI`  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (/{aJV  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double  Lc2QXeo8  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 1 Y/$,Oa5  
    Dim ok As Long ]7YNIS  
    -*ELLY[  
    Sub Main _^S]gmE  
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        '用户输入对话框 F2I 5q C/  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 x~DLW1I  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 PGn);Baq  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 nHOr AD|&  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 =t0tK}Y+4  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 >t+ qe/  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 =\kMXB  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 oOU1{[  
        End Dialog J ++v@4Z  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ^rAa"p9  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) \_]En43mg  
    L=!of{4Z(}  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed YlK7;yrq(  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 7L(e h7  
            End p.JXS n  
        End If cNK)5- U  
    @4+#Xd7"  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty {,$rkwW  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then PRu&3BP  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation -yH,5vD  
        Else @tUoD>f  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) n.6T OF  
        End If B{6<;u)[  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then _r Y,}\  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter M!m?#xz'c  
        Else -.I4-6~  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) R`'1t3p0i  
        End If %Q"(/jm?  
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        Print " " W#F Q,+0)  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" XFwLz  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" S7iDTG_@t  
    [j,txe?n  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation r|<DqTc6l  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness x34f9! 't  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens VU.@R,  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens y*b3&%.ml  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens A&5:ATQ/|  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens .i"W8~<e  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 77 r(*.O|  
    c "= N  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 'cZN{ZMWG  
    .10y0F L4  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Q+q,!w8  
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        '************************************************************************* i&Fiq&V)[  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) n]Li->1  
        '************************************************************************* /*)Tl   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ( <*e  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity .Nm su+s  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Cr ? 4Ngw  
    xG2+(f#C1  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z AvJ,SQt  
        count = 0 !BIOY!M  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count qPGuo5^  
            GetOperation eID, count, op +_l^ #?o,  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then q%YV$$c   
                DeleteOperation eID,count XL}"1lE  
                count=count-1 W-~n|PX8+  
            End If (7FW9X;  
            count=count+1 Mz]: }qmFA  
        Wend  :nY 2O  
    Kn;D?ioY  
        'Set new shift in [V8fu qE>  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" e$)300 o  
        op.val1 = taq {No L  
        op.parent = parID 266oTER]v:  
        AddOperation eID, op SGc8^%-`  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 RJeDEYXeg  
    AV8T  
        '************************************************************************* ~X(UcZ2  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens B@YyQ'  
        '************************************************************************* Fm_y&7._  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) UaG1c%7?X  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic P(k(m< 0  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant QnouBrhO  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant eW'2AT?2H%  
    =:,xxqy  
        '************************************************************************* P,DC7\  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens `/&SxQB<  
        '************************************************************************* +k<w!B*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ~ (On|h  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic `Pn[tuIO  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost T\s)le  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost RC#C\S6  
    :wqC8&V  
        '************************************************************************* S8Fmy1#  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) LA3<=R]  
        '************************************************************************* Q?t^@  
    3oZ=k]\  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) qZEoiNH(Tj  
    [k$*4 u >  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) T^<>Xiam  
        count = 0 rX7QbAB  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w2O!M!1  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ZSy?T  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2L_6x<u'  
                DeleteOperation eID,count AwUi+|7r])  
                count=count-1 3VnQnd E  
            End If gwd (N  
            count=count+1 rx"s!y{!-  
        Wend b IW'c_ ,  
    (m[bWdANnW  
        'Set new z-shift =VLS/\A  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" n(nBRCG)o  
        op.val1 = tlens dx*qb  
        op.parent = parID iTh:N2/-vc  
        AddOperation eID, op y)c5u%(  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens "& Dx=Yf  
    V==z"  
        '************************************************************************* 5BkV aF7Th  
        'Lens index of refraction mV^Zy  
        '************************************************************************* OX:O^ (-r,  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) \qvaE+  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat nnb8Gcr  
    2g9 G{~,@g  
        mat.Nd = nlens q}BzyC=:n  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 3=Ec "  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens dUznxZB  
    5Ky#GuC  
        '************************************************************************* jeyLL<  
        'Pupil diameter \o-&f:  
        '************************************************************************* |]Z:&[D]i  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 9~rUkHD  
    w=h1pwY  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 8n BL\{'B[  
    0Z<I%<8bK  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 3cS2gxF  
    Lj\/Ji_  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens X2mREt9  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l+][V'zL  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "N:XzG  
        count = 0 [a o U5;7  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h0oMTiA  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ?;YC'bF  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "jecsqCgK0  
                DeleteOperation eID,count x6afI<dm  
                count=count-1 %S` v!*2  
            End If pu!dqF<  
            count=count+1 G!8Z~CPF  
        Wend qrvsjYi*w  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" @=]~\[e\  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 {*ZY(6^  
        op.parent = parID Ogt]_  
        AddOperation eID, op jJ4qR:]  
    {k.MS-q  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Ed0IWPx  
    \7MHaQvS   
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ^[Ua46/"m  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dLsn\m>  
        GetEntity eID, entity Dlo xrdOY&  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" FEPXuCb  
        SetEntity eID, entity fW`&'!  
    &bqT /H18  
        Update )5JU:jNy  
        Print "DONE!" .,~(%#Wl$  
         G1t\Q-|l0  
    End Sub YJs|c\eq?  
    aw ?=hXR!  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: /:<IIqO.  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters E| YdcS  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm h=kQ$`j6  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 sG~<M"znV  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6*l^1;U  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 T&T/C@z'R  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 Ov-b:l H  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 2eeQ@]Wj[Z  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 G5dO 3lwq  
    DONE! Hv]7e|  
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    QQ:2987619807 +6smsL~<#v  
     
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