[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 +}1]8:>cq  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 I%(+tJ  
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模型 c'(]n]a%  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 W35nnBU  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. {66vdAu&h<  
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光源 0\mM^+fO
 
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 d_yqmx?w  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 2T|L##C  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 _I-0[w  
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视网膜的散射 T"0a&.TLj  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 l/1uP  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 \myj Y  
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脚本 S^n:O  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： yRy9*r=  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 5Ut0I]h|z  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 2/bck)p=  
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分析 }%:?s6Ler  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 > Euput\  
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脚本代码 /wK7l-S  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Mc\lzq8\ 1  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY X~R qv5@-  
Dim op As T_OPERATION E O}(MXS  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL uIba{9tM"P  
Dim A As Double qItI):9U  
Dim pupilDiam As Double [Z[)hUXE?  
Dim eID As Long 11)~!in  
Dim parID As Long pjoI};  
Dim count As Integer Tq?W @DM*  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double O/5W-u  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double JD>!3>S)?  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double q!7\`>.2:{  
Dim ok As Long / )EB~|4']  
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Sub Main ]>:>":<:  
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    '用户输入对话框 4@VX%5uy
 
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 `q/y|/v<  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 T<ua0;7  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 q
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 M,[ClQ 9  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 /@OGYYH,M  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 SnXLjJe  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 i?R qv<n  
    End Dialog X31kHK5F_  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog >B9rr0d0  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) EXzY4D ^  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed *r_.o;6  
        Print "Execution cancelled." dxd}:L~z  
        End %:/;R_  
    End If FJD*A`a  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty #2dmki"~(  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then E>[~"~x"pV  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation [;b9'7j'  
    Else ' ZB%McS  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) nQgn^z#  
    End If 1|%$ie  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ]F_u  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 65}:2l2<  
    Else S}|ea2  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 8=e\^Q+  
    End If b!N`@m=  
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    Print " " *zx;81X=  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" QR#,n@fE  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ;xRyONt  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation {Cd*y6lI  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness }`eeItI+  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens %AJdtJ@0H  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens @!Pq"/  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens )oNomsn  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens g"!B |  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 59)PJ0E  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 5n"'M&Ce  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation )h/fr|  
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    '************************************************************************* *s/F4?*  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) c2y5[L7?  
    '************************************************************************* l>:?U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) n.T [a  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) cBAA32wf  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z y
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    count = 0 V^Nc0r   
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4[(P>`Unx  
        GetOperation eID, count, op s5[ Cr"q7B  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then } o=g)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?>w%Lg{L}  
            count=count-1 ,,6e }o6  
        End If J"z8olV  
        count=count+1 mO\6B7V!  
    Wend Hu;#uAnxQ  
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    'Set new shift in t
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6g!t1%Kb  
    op.val1 = taq BeVQ[  
    op.parent = parID ^ sz4rk  
    AddOperation eID, op Bkcs4 x  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 uYs+xX
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    '************************************************************************* *%MY. #  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens jbG #__#_  
    '************************************************************************* N
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) g{i(4DHm(  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic oEfKL
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant /|>z7#?m^  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 1|Fukx<@J<  
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    '************************************************************************* khyVuWN  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens -ERDWY  
    '************************************************************************* tW 9vo-{+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) jirxzj
  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |{Oe&j3|  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost mH;\z;lyK  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost +H+OYQ>^  
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    '************************************************************************* zEa3a  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) k/*r2 C  
    '************************************************************************* o8Tt|Lxb$8  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) oo<,hOv  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) yQh":"$k  
    count = 0 k|&@xEbS  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7=}`"7i~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op V+DN<F-  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _O)~<Sk-*z  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Q xKC5`1  
            count=count-1 T,5]EHe
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        End If zsWYV n]  
        count=count+1 3Ju<jX
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    Wend l+RBe<Mq  
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    'Set new z-shift T
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `n$pR8TZ_  
    op.val1 = tlens (Y:5u}*Y  
    op.parent = parID #5=Yg5   
    AddOperation eID, op g&X$)V4C  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens fyh9U_M);w  
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    '************************************************************************* {QI"WFdGx  
    'Lens index of refraction ([^1gG+>J  
    '************************************************************************* IrM Ws86;  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat &KT*rL  
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    mat.Nd = nlens $O?&!8);,  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat G D$o|l]\  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 3Oy?_a$  
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    '************************************************************************* ~4<xTP\*  
    'Pupil diameter  lEh;MJ  
    '************************************************************************* Etj@wy/E  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ( hp 52Vse  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) FxW~Co  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" tDJtsOL  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens @l41'?m  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) xk7MMRb  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) & =)HPzC  
    count = 0 (_ HwU/  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &s-iie$"@x  
        GetOperation eID, count, op I6S!-i  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Nawph  
            DeleteOperation eID,count dG2k4 O  
            count=count-1 #rD0`[pz  
        End If JZ3CCf  
        count=count+1 }>]V_}h  
    Wend H|JPqBNRh  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]?rVram;z  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 `tw[{Wb  
    op.parent = parID B]iPixA6  
    AddOperation eID, op iHBetkAu  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam _3~/Z{z8  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description '{*{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) D~P3~^  
    GetEntity eID, entity Xt} 4B#  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 3CcCcZ9I  
    SetEntity eID, entity >}?jOB  
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    Update +Np[m$Z*  
    Print "DONE!"
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End Sub v]{F.N  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： \no6]xN;  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters EmG':K(  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm r ]s7a?O  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 7qsu0 .[d  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ``mnk>/  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 iq1HA.X(  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Aqy y\G;  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 *
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Set pupil diameter = 4 <fSWX>pR  
DONE!  3-~*  
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