[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 %gQUog  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 p>i8aN  
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模型 =''WA:,=h  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 '7}2}KD  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 4x}U+1B  
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光源 f_$hK9I  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 tSux5yV  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 "G~!J
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 /qJCp![X  
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视网膜的散射 x`FTy&g  

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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 x/CM)!U)  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 c-5AI{%bl6  
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脚本 ,`RX~ H=C  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： #R:&Irh  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 OJ"./*H  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 +v 3:\#  
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分析 _tX=xAO9  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 eUZk|be  
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脚本代码 W90!*1  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. w&p(/y  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY -e}(\  
Dim op As T_OPERATION $A9Pi"/*z  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Q&vdBO/  
Dim A As Double J<+f7L  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ?RS:I
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Dim eID As Long z`t~N  
Dim parID As Long {pH#zs4Y  
Dim count As Integer YPI,u7-  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double fn,hP_  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double C0/^6Lu"o  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ZSK_Lux>  
Dim ok As Long d8vf kVB  
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Sub Main Nj3iZD|  
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    '用户输入对话框 pXl[I;  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 6];3h>c]N  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 cjPXrDl{\  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ~`QoBZ.O&  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 y)&K9 I  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ;10YG6:  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 P'OvwA  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 :=;{w~D  
    End Dialog jhf3(hx&F  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog El5}
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Y2QX<  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed lP`BKc,  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ebI2gEu;a  
        End vuPNru" 2  
    End If $~.YB\3  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty |K Rt$t  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then C$6FI
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation T9Q3I  
    Else aqI"4v]~b  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) `"&Nw,C  
    End If ft(o-f7,  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then hk4t #Km  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ? /z[Jx.  
    Else ?$109wZ:9  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) \OVtvJV]  
    End If i>YQ<A1  
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    Print " " 0dC5 -/+  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" s/IsrcfM  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" &R<aRE:+R  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 1]2]l*&3  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness - /\qGI  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens $q@d.Z>;  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 2r!ltG3}  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens @Uez2?  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens JyMk @Y  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 1W{N6+u  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction h.>SVQzU  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation dyWp'vCQs\  
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    '************************************************************************* g;63$_
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) kKSGC?d  
    '************************************************************************* f"5O'QHGQK  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 7a'yO+7-)  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity $5&%X'jk  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ls 5iE  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ! dzgi:  
    count = 0 >s{I@#9  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count njy2pDC@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op I
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |qUGB.Q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count NZq-%bE  
            count=count-1 s7 "xDDV  
        End If yXR1NYg  
        count=count+1 MuY:(zC%  
    Wend 'K,\
  
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    'Set new shift in %hnBpz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" c1'@_Is  
    op.val1 = taq l'+3 6  
    op.parent = parID [MTd<@  
    AddOperation eID, op |RiJ>/MK\  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 QO'Hyf t  
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    '************************************************************************* uDDa>Ka#+  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens i<Vc~!pT  
    '************************************************************************* +FTc/r  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 9*)&hhBs,  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 6Xvpk1
  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant RPz[3y  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 7]h%?W!  
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    '************************************************************************* Pp8S\%z~h  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens +vh|m5"7I7  
    '************************************************************************* S>yiD`v  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Xsq@E#@S  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ob.<j  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Y [`+7w  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost /Y7^!3uM  
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    '************************************************************************* +K4XMf  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) bwsKdh  
    '************************************************************************* YJJ1N/Z1  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) hhTtxC<:  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) H%wB8Y ]  
    count = 0 Cy~IB [  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count o7) y~ ke  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \QvGkcDc{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?XBdBR_"^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;KL7SM%g4  
            count=count-1 E'QAsU8pP  
        End If FOTe,F.8  
        count=count+1 KYFKH+d>m  
    Wend .hT>a<  
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    'Set new z-shift 2.q Zs8&  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1b5Z^a<u  
    op.val1 = tlens }je<^]a  
    op.parent = parID /UCBoQ$/]  
    AddOperation eID, op B"^j>SF  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens noZbsI4  
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    '************************************************************************* bfxE}>  
    'Lens index of refraction Y 6a`{'  
    '************************************************************************* W5R/Ub@g  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 3q]0gU&??  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat I,?NYIG"(  
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    mat.Nd = nlens o0H^J,6gV  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat -KiPqE%&G  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens &[ })FI  
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    '************************************************************************* -X.#Y6(  
    'Pupil diameter 2q?/aw ;Z  
    '************************************************************************* 2I.FSR_G?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) `H'G"V  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) a5a ;Fp  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" }+,Q&]>~  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens M Kyj<@[  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !wYN",R-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) )."ob=m  
    count = 0 iJ>=!Q  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count iq;\},  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 9{pT)(Wnb  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then N8sT?  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {v"f){   
            count=count-1 %['NPs%B  
        End If a"(Ws]K  
        count=count+1 1g;2e##)  
    Wend Wv4$Lgr  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 0#|Jhmv-zL  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 "aGmv9\  
    op.parent = parID S>lP?2J  
    AddOperation eID, op z~H1f$}  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam @&*TGU  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description [}L?EM  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4MC]s~n  
    GetEntity eID, entity S'x ]c#  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" W{NWF[l8O?  
    SetEntity eID, entity XDK Me}  
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    Update <@J$hs9s  
    Print "DONE!" 5<Kt"5Z%7  
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End Sub !.h{/37
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： < F5VJ  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters RE!WuLs0"  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm e N`+r  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 DgEdV4@p  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 AQ-PHv  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 [n9l[dN  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 *zRig|k!H  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 RFw0u 0Nrz  
Set pupil diameter = 4 g}~s"Sz  
DONE! V lZ+x)E  
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