[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 K/A*<<r ~  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 hZh9uI7.  
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模型 fNb`X  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 3BB%Z6F  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. )_mr! z(S  
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光源 Qi_>
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 #k_HN}B  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Q>/C*@  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 zXv3:uRp.  
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视网膜的散射 6fd+Q /  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 vJ\pR~?  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 >tO`r.5u9  
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脚本 |;.o8}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： *g y{]  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ]xX$<@HR  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 (>`5z(X  
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分析 X5X?&* %{  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 9AxCiT.  
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脚本代码 R zf  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ?T>'j mmV=  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY @O
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Dim op As T_OPERATION 3 n'V\Hvz  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 0PU8#2pR  
Dim A As Double AtF3%Zv2  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ,z;ky5Ct  
Dim eID As Long aYuD>rD  
Dim parID As Long zX0mdx<|<  
Dim count As Integer ^ <Pq,u%k  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ,0E{h}(  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 'XzXZJ[uq  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 4m*M,#mV  
Dim ok As Long d?:=PH  
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Sub Main :um|nRwy9  
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    '用户输入对话框 G:pEE:W[  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 W D T]!  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :WSDf VX  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 tID%}Zv  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 u%]shm  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 c)A{p  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 HsnLm67'  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 1gmt2>#v%  
    End Dialog rg{9UV
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog ={5#fgK>  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) %H]lGN)  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed vfl5Mx4  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 6_d.Yfbq  
        End e.@uhB.  
    End If 7ULqo>j  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Ux#x#N  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then e|&6$A>4]  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ?V}j`r8|\4  
    Else zG
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 4#5:~M }  
    End If jL^](J>  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then m}8[#:  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 0TmR/uUT  
    Else Q}!mx7b0]  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ?W0)nQU  
    End If &BtK($  
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    Print " " !!4Qj  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Kh4$ wwn  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" (`6T&>(4  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation zfc3)7  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness "Vr[4&`  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 0b/WpP  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens &f7fK|}  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens _=q! BW  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens QT9n,lX
 
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness v3GwD00  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction kN%MP6?J  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation "wlt> SU  
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    '************************************************************************* yA)(*PFz  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) >yXN,5d[  
    '*************************************************************************  .AYj'Y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) qim 'dp:  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity =1P6
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) kPQtQh]y%  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 4GR!y)  
    count = 0 8/t$d#xHI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +rIL|c}J  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 1Nu1BLPm  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5OO'v07b  
            DeleteOperation eID,count T \CCF  
            count=count-1 +4\U)Z/\  
        End If S}f?.7  
        count=count+1 DAwqo.m  
    Wend s;1]tD  
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    'Set new shift in xr7+$:>a  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" DfV~!bY  
    op.val1 = taq Dw7vv]+ S  
    op.parent = parID ,v&L:a  
    AddOperation eID, op hoT/KWD,  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 /t6X(*xoy  
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    '************************************************************************* +dBz`WD  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Z4){ 7|~a  
    '************************************************************************* DI`%zLDcY  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) saU]`w_Z*  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic lCF`*DM#  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ^'p|!`:  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant +[J/Zw0{  
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    '************************************************************************* Qu<Bu)`  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens aF|d^  
    '************************************************************************* <xJ/y|{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) )HD`O~M>  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic M7>(hVEAW'  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost *_ +7ni  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost )RYG%  
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    '************************************************************************* ~^^ NHq  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) c9j*n;Q  
    '************************************************************************* uY< H#k  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) s4%(>Q  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) b dJ+@r  
    count = 0 \<vNVz7.D  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v(leide  
        GetOperation eID, count, op YpUp@/"  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]Nh
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            DeleteOperation eID,count VD4C::J
 
            count=count-1 ;WT{|z  
        End If H0a/(4/xg  
        count=count+1 i)Lp7m z  
    Wend j5Un1  
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    'Set new z-shift 55t\Bms{  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" eQO#Qso]  
    op.val1 = tlens #'OaKt?Z)  
    op.parent = parID #a| L3zR5v  
    AddOperation eID, op Gg\G'QU  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Q,Z*8FH=  
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    '************************************************************************* M}DH5
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    'Lens index of refraction ha;l(U>  
    '************************************************************************* AGYm';z3  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) vRA',(](  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat tvX>{-
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    mat.Nd = nlens U,1AfzlF  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ,pK|SL  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens I\\QS.2  
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    '************************************************************************* _SZ5P>GIU  
    'Pupil diameter ]WJfgN4  
    '************************************************************************* /?"8-0d  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) lH|LdlX  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) RV-hIdAU  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 8_uzpeRhJc  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \'19BAm'  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *.f2VQ~H  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) r)1Z(tl  
    count = 0 |!d"*.Q@F  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count
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        GetOperation eID, count, op A%Z)wz{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then h5|.Et  
            DeleteOperation eID,count -%IcYz
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            count=count-1 yy2Ie  
        End If <XQ.A3SG!  
        count=count+1 
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    Wend XeUC0K[D  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]*%+H|l  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Em13dem  
    op.parent = parID t~K%.|'0  
    AddOperation eID, op K.>wQA&  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam a0Oe:]mo\  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description [JTto!Ih$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Zu<]bv  
    GetEntity eID, entity w,.qCpT$_  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" O>DNC-m)i{  
    SetEntity eID, entity E\)eu1Hw4B  
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    Update ~el-*=<m  
    Print "DONE!" =N.!k Vkl  
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End Sub ?~ULIO'  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： &hZwZgV+3  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ,8K'
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm oJ;rc{n-  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 1]4^V7y  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ;q#]-^  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 T|'&K:[TJ  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 gb-{2p>}  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 gp< =Gmd  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Wr|G:(kw\!  
DONE! J?712=9  
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