[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 &sx|sLw)  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 u?
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模型 ZN ?P4#ZS  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 wzMWuA4vX  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. dMwVgc:  
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光源 ~j\/3;^s   
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 4[!&L:tR  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 !+M H?A  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 NG_O I*|~  
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视网膜的散射 DrltxI)  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 r\[HR
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 3a{QkVeV7  
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脚本 nwN<Q\]S  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： igz:ek`  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 =WEfo;  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 BJj~fNm1Zr  
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分析 \hM6 ykY-  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 V6$v@Zq  
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脚本代码 <tF]>(|M  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. wOi>i`D&  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Ya9uu@F  
Dim op As T_OPERATION *qb`wg  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL "-xC59,  
Dim A As Double ]K9x<@!  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ;#~ !`>n?  
Dim eID As Long &`TX4b^/!  
Dim parID As Long ^m1Rw|  
Dim count As Integer W: ?-d{  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Zo0&<QWj  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double C}1(@$  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double N'`*#UI+  
Dim ok As Long bY>o%L
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Sub Main *q0N$}k  
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    '用户输入对话框 Y*}Sq|y  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 <m(nZ'Zqz2  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 akqXh 9g  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ;%jt;Xv9  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 7k$8i9#  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 d;;=s=j  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 q$t& *O_  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ,DE%p +q  
    End Dialog ifgaBXT55  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ^2??]R&Q  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) m|7g{vHVV  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed MYx*W7X  
        Print "Execution cancelled." YT:1=Nf}  
        End R#ZDB]2  
    End If JV/,QWar  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty -Qgfo|po  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ,f1wN{P  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation \D[BRE+  
    Else S77Gc:[;8  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) o&AUB`.9~  
    End If l1:j/[B=  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then aH$~':[93  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter M)xK+f2_[  
    Else PT4`1Oy}/1  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 9BY b{<0tS  
    End If g<C})84y3  
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    Print " " 5[R}MhLZ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 0I_;?i  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" j;y|Ys)I  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation gky_]7Av  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ~9c9@!RA2  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens btYPp0o~  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 3edAI&a5  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens X"0Q)  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ZJpI]^9|  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness yS43>UK_W+  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction G](K2=  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation NLpD,q{  
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    '************************************************************************* s7e'9Bx  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) kMo)4Xp  
    '************************************************************************* 5Z[D(z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) B<R-|-#  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity t5k&xV=~ #  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) v(^rq  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z O>GP>U?]  
    count = 0 {<2ZbN?  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count FCWphpz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 7q2YsI  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then fh^_=R(/  
            DeleteOperation eID,count hvyN8We  
            count=count-1 JdHc'WtS!|  
        End If 6!nb)auVi  
        count=count+1 MUrY>FYgx  
    Wend 3EvA 5K.  
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    'Set new shift in L@Z &v'A  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7|-xM>L$A  
    op.val1 = taq ["}A#cO652  
    op.parent = parID oc(bcU  
    AddOperation eID, op _&/Zab5  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55  ~^S-  
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    '************************************************************************* DVJc-.x8  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens A 5 X+Z  
    '************************************************************************* )ta5y7np  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) zmFFBf"<  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic k%g xY% 0  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant j,xPN=+hT  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant i!3KG|V  
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    '************************************************************************* lt4jnV2"a  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Q*.FUV&;  
    '************************************************************************* ]eW|}V7A:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 0EOX@;}  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic CD_f[u  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 0*?XQV@  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Y:,R7EO{!  
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    '************************************************************************* ^-u HdafP  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) j9}0jC2Tb  
    '************************************************************************* _oTT3[7P  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Y:%)cUxA  

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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Vb^s 'k  
    count = 0 J'y
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ]7kGHIJ|  
        GetOperation eID, count, op $ bNe0  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then cWO )QIE  
            DeleteOperation eID,count tR*W-%  
            count=count-1 !rg0U<bO!  
        End If
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        count=count+1 -]\E}Ti  
    Wend 3:joSQa  
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    'Set new z-shift MLBg_<  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :{:?D\%6  
    op.val1 = tlens )O@^H  
    op.parent = parID }c4E 2c  
    AddOperation eID, op 2ZbY|8X$r  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens o U}t'WU  
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    '************************************************************************* -`dxx)x  
    'Lens index of refraction Kn#xY3W6  
    '************************************************************************* kgI=0W>  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ~,!hE&LE~  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat :F>L;mp  
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    mat.Nd = nlens *{dD'9Bg  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat mnQjX ?  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ~5 pC$SC6>  
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    '************************************************************************* aC yb-P  
    'Pupil diameter Z#Zzi5<  
    '************************************************************************* y'!p>/%v  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) KPjqw{gR_R  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) CES
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ro&Y7m  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens -{8Q= N  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [> &+*c  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) |t65#1  
    count = 0 I"cQ5gF?A  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count VIz{}_~'s  
        GetOperation eID, count, op s/G5wRl<  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9SH<d)^  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Tt<-<oyU.  
            count=count-1 0J:U\S  
        End If U.pr} hq  
        count=count+1 e(n2+S#N  
    Wend TFJ{fLG  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" XuFm4DEJ  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 c;21i;&,9  
    op.parent = parID [2
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    AddOperation eID, op D2TXOPH  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description (ciGLfNG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }uvKE|umj  
    GetEntity eID, entity f`u5\!}=!  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Pzk[^z$C  
    SetEntity eID, entity 2yJ7]+Jd7Y  
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    Update E2qB:  
    Print "DONE!" xyS2_Q  
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End Sub %|`:5s-T%  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Y uw E 0  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters NWQPOq#  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Lt;.Nw  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 h=v[i!U-eY  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 U5On-T5  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 :\1rQT  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 PUQ_w  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 [.#p  
Set pupil diameter = 4 (5Z8zNH`3  
DONE! _o
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