[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 | ^G38  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 LqNyi  
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模型 Wg20H23XW  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 "Q{l])N  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. pw`'q(ad  
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光源 ,RW`9+gx  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Ubgn^+AI  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 pRd'\+  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 K$w;|UJc  
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视网膜的散射 K/j u=>  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 _,IjB/PR(  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 :HwdXhA6  
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脚本 `( w"{8laB  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： iJZNSRQJ}r  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 V1pBKr)v  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Dh}(B$~Oz+  
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分析 :`Ut.E~.  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 W]bgWKd  
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脚本代码 ^g5E&0a`g  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. $;'M8L  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY miu?X!  
Dim op As T_OPERATION =QGmJ3  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ^L)TfI_n  
Dim A As Double GBT|1c'i  
Dim pupilDiam As Double `GdH ,:S>  
Dim eID As Long FO%pdLs,  
Dim parID As Long 'Grii,  
Dim count As Integer |R _rfJh  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double &(A#F[ =0  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double GK!@|Kk8q7  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double xr7}@rq"U<  
Dim ok As Long M<d!j I9)  
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Sub Main _#NibW  
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    '用户输入对话框 lwrh4<~\,*  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 aHmg!s}&  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 iw3\`,5   
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ",D!8>=s  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 )Uy%iE*  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 U|V,&RlbR  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Tx!t3
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Mms|jFoQ  
    End Dialog _uLpU4# ?  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog jwa6`u  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) wbrOL(q.m  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 6QCVi  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Z4Dx:m
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        End 7@%qm|i>w  
    End If ndzADVP  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ]vvA]e  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then I9qFXvqL  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation /MY's&D(  
    Else L"vrX  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) v_EgY2l(  
    End If zGR,}v%%  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then M,@M5o2u  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter gv>DOez/  
    Else ;mQ|+|F6X  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) k>mXh{(  
    End If V 97ORI  
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    Print " " r9WR1&T)  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 5=I({=/>  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" #p>&|
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation [|oG}'Xz  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness d{JI] !  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens M$%ON>Kq  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 6E-eD\?I&  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ~6n|GxR.[  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens A{T9-f@X  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness zPp22  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction =o~+R\1ux+  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation `WOoC  
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    '************************************************************************* >^Wpc  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) _Sfu8k>):  
    '************************************************************************* Zt!$"N.,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) T$"~Vu  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity #1E4 R}B  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3-hcKE  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z / ^d9At614  
    count = 0 A?#i{R  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4AJT)I.  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 1a(\F7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #;a+)~3*O  
            DeleteOperation eID,count )jgz(\KZ  
            count=count-1 ME]4tu  
        End If f|B\Y/*X  
        count=count+1 qfl!>  
    Wend ,Ohhl`q(  
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    'Set new shift in 0vfMJzk  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^UKY1Q.  
    op.val1 = taq g]L8Jli  
    op.parent = parID \-]Jm[]^  
    AddOperation eID, op Al*=%nY  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 J' P:SC1  
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    '************************************************************************* fDns r"T  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ~3j+hN8<  
    '************************************************************************* 5A`>3w{3n  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) elGBX h  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 6O{QmB0KK  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 9)vU/fJ|  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant )J@[8 x`  
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    '************************************************************************* n$SL"iezW?  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens _@XueNU1hS  
    '************************************************************************* ,0h{RZKw  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) TDR|*Cs  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic w,j!%N  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 1YMi4.  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost O
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    '************************************************************************* b*h:e.q  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) {= &&J@:  
    '************************************************************************* >Vq07R  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) :* |WE29U  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) "6%{#TZ
  
    count = 0 x'}zNEXI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count H?r~% bh  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Pl'lmUR  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then <ndY6n3  
            DeleteOperation eID,count \kyoA Z  
            count=count-1 apJXRH`  
        End If -2}ons(  
        count=count+1 Z:h'kgG&  
    Wend *^[6uaa
 
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    'Set new z-shift k}g4?  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" NKFeND  
    op.val1 = tlens 3'L =S  
    op.parent = parID $ZyOBxI  
    AddOperation eID, op 6rE8P#  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens :yJ#yad  
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    '************************************************************************* {Q$8p2W  
    'Lens index of refraction eVMnI yr  
    '************************************************************************* ;>ml@@Z  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :##
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat t;3).F  
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    mat.Nd = nlens =YO<.(Lu  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat N\]-/$z  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens T-4dD  
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    '************************************************************************* f\$_^dV  
    'Pupil diameter !}x-o`a5  
    '************************************************************************* FU*q9s`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 45-x$o  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @`B_Q v@  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" TT;ls<(Lg  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens g*_n|7pB  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N8x&<H  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) PpLhj  
    count = 0 ^pY8'LF6  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #d<"Ub
 
        GetOperation eID, count, op w?*79 u  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ep5`&g]3  
            DeleteOperation eID,count SCn)j:gH;  
            count=count-1 _@)-#7  
        End If S~m8j|3K  
        count=count+1 p/LV^TQ  
    Wend ^XYK }J  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ke#Rkt  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 =_N
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    op.parent = parID pIpd
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    AddOperation eID, op EcytNYn  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 3TV4|&W;  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description eq"Xwq*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l*CCnqE  
    GetEntity eID, entity =%I;
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" icVB?M,m  
    SetEntity eID, entity "Il)_Ui  
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    Update f*xv#G  
    Print "DONE!" G<rAM+B*g  
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End Sub 'F/uD1;  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Z
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 23houS
 
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm QAl4w)F  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 muK.x7zyl  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 !lZ}kz0  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 noB8*n0  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 B=r+ m
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 h^,L) E  
Set pupil diameter = 4 o7PS1qcya<  
DONE! \j.l1O  
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