[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 v&(=^A\eN  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 !q,7@W3i  
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模型 J_7@d]0R  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 XkkzY5rxOc  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ^n<YO=|u  
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光源 Cse`MP  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 u=qaz7E  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 NOwd'iU  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 q2J
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视网膜的散射
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 XEbVsw  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 vV$t`PEY  
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脚本 YkMFU'?[  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： P (7Q8i'  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ?B;7J7T  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ,g}$u'A+d  

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分析 %X.g+uu  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 C P&u  
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脚本代码 w{dRf!b69  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. K-\wx5#l/  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY VVAcbAGJ  
Dim op As T_OPERATION aXqig&:  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL d9U)O6=  
Dim A As Double &PL=nI\)  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Mb[4_D
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Dim eID As Long *_YR*e0^nN  
Dim parID As Long F.a
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Dim count As Integer 1aIGC9xQ`  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double t7u*j
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double &}Wi@;G]2
 
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double r9N?z2X  
Dim ok As Long b(R.&X  
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Sub Main CP;<B1  
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    '用户输入对话框 `
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 0{B<A^Bf  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :vEfJSA 1<  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 M[z1B!rT  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 !e<2o2~.  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 2*O#m  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ;>6~}lMgJ  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 {*hvzS{1d  
    End Dialog N2}Y8aR~  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Rzs
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 8'zl\:@N  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed tCO?<QBE  
        Print "Execution cancelled." p6BDhT(RS  
        End 0U*f"5F  
    End If 8N"WKBj|_d  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 1,OkuyXy!>  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then %>9L}OAm  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation :NWIUN  
    Else Wp:vz']V  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) d`flYNg4  
    End If ;8&/JSN M  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then d oEuKT  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter T+B-R\@t  
    Else G}l9 [lE  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 6QT&{|q=  
    End If Cc{{9Ud  
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    Print " " -R]~kGa6m<  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" H? z~V-8  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" FCwE/ 2,  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation WFk%nO/  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ]ke9ipj]:  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ]v>[r?X#V  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens pi#a!Quf\  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens d6[' [
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens tl~
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness z(%tu  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 6[R6P:v&'G  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation }xBO;  
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    '************************************************************************* ',]Aj!q  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ey9hrRMR  
    '************************************************************************* VR
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) CC3i@  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity f2o6GC_  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "bRjY?D  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z F[jqJzCz  
    count = 0 0iR?r+|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <{;'0> ToM  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,38M6yD  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?
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            DeleteOperation eID,count 7\yh(+kN  
            count=count-1 - uO(qUa#  
        End If 4B[pQlg  
        count=count+1 9-_Lc<  
    Wend gq*W 0S  
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    'Set new shift in +0*\q  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" =a=:+q g  
    op.val1 = taq <<gW`KF   
    op.parent = parID K+M\E[1W  
    AddOperation eID, op II _CT=  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55  gsi2  
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    '************************************************************************* ]:2Ro:4Yv  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens baTd;`Pn  
    '************************************************************************* "x;FE<I  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) bk=;=K  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic SQU@JKi;g  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Ho(}_Q&  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant m;xa}b{(i  
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    '************************************************************************* (gvnIoDl0  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens o2$A2L9P  
    '************************************************************************* ZR|s]'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Wql=PqF  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 1TfFWlf[B  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost |=VWE>g  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 2{l|<'  

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    '************************************************************************* ,+OV
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) /5epDDP-t5  
    '************************************************************************* sD?Ynpt  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) [K4k7$  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) dikX_ Q>D  
    count = 0 K+L9cv4 |*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,SdxIhL  
        GetOperation eID, count, op qJl DQc-  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then n,-*$~{  
            DeleteOperation eID,count A4d3hF~l`  
            count=count-1 #^|2PFh5  
        End If +5R8mbD!  
        count=count+1 @J^ Oy 3z  
    Wend qyy.&+  
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    'Set new z-shift \YF;/KwX$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" wNFx1u^/)  
    op.val1 = tlens 5__B M5|  
    op.parent = parID j3+ hsA/(k  
    AddOperation eID, op Q=[ IO,f  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens &"Cy&[  
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    '************************************************************************* =)iAU/*N  
    'Lens index of refraction E"/k"1@  
    '************************************************************************* 4v5qK  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) vs$
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat /Gb)BJk!  
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    mat.Nd = nlens )N3/;U;  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat j2:9ahW  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens O\]{6+$fm!  
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    '************************************************************************* ehe#"exCB  
    'Pupil diameter D6yE/QeK4  
    '************************************************************************* $kR%G{j 4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) T|(w-)mv  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Y|/,*,u+  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ]D2d=\  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens .ubZ  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dIQ3snG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) awQB0ow'$P  
    count = 0 *'{9(Oj  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l[WX77bp=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then G/(tgQ  
            DeleteOperation eID,count iM8l,Os]<f  
            count=count-1 @qA11C.hq  
        End If jEP'jib%  
        count=count+1 i{HzY[  
    Wend gKWUHlQY  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Q;m8 drU  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ):L0{W{  
    op.parent = parID 3|URlz  
    AddOperation eID, op zE}ry!{  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam !0KNA1w,  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ^p%3@)&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l?^}n(_.  
    GetEntity eID, entity `'bu8JK  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" <hgfgk7<  
    SetEntity eID, entity N{Pa&/V  
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    Update mGw*6kOIS  
    Print "DONE!" kp)1s>c  
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End Sub ;_=dB[M  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： h?->A#  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters `yRt?UQRS  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm mJVru0  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 pWoeF=+y]W  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 s|:
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 X#MC|Fzy@  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 %=vU Z4  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Y5mk*Q#q  
Set pupil diameter = 4  y]ya.YG  
DONE! ?,eq86-M
 
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