[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 \fX0&l;T9\  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 %Aqt0e  
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模型 8C,}nh
 
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 l(irNKutgo  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 35q4](o9"  
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光源 S*aVcyDEP  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 v&7yqEm}B  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 aXv[~  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 teQ<v[W.  
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视网膜的散射 D+nKQ4  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 j3-^,r t4  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 eNHSfq  
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脚本 [-5l=j r  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示：  T)Uhp  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 .or1*-B K  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 FQlYCb  
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分析 /bSAVSKR  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 \yE*nZ  
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脚本代码 srGF=1_  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. {W' 9k  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY *SmR|Qy  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ,hVDGif  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL _O$7*k  
Dim A As Double Hob n{E  
Dim pupilDiam As Double d69synEw>k  
Dim eID As Long I1)t1%6"vJ  
Dim parID As Long Lz/{ q6>  
Dim count As Integer nB9(y4  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double SZVAf|]Yg  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double L; o$vI~U,  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double -+HD5Hc  
Dim ok As Long l
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Sub Main VkD}gJY  
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    '用户输入对话框 K})w  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Zsto8wuf#  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 dcH@$D@~S  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QFg{.F?3q>  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 /=@V5)  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 cna/?V  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 \LYNr
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 L;i(@tp|v  
    End Dialog PLueH/gC.  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog uwc@~=;  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) MWI7u7{  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed y4N2gBTKu  
        Print "Execution cancelled."
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        End !-~sxa280r  
    End If y1bo28  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty B'hN3.  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Zo#c[9IaC  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation zI$'D|A  
    Else s-Qq#T  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) c@x6<S%*  
    End If X@\ 9}*9  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then OjurfVw  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter @;7Ht Z`  
    Else _BI[F m  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) IqCh4y3  
    End If Ns$,.D  
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    Print " " Wrf+5 ;,,  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" U"535<mR  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 5Bp>*MR/".  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ~Z}DN*S  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness R,`3 SW()  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens qHu\3@px  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens >">grDX  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens =}%Q}aPp  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens N=j$~,yG  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness rih@(;)1  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction M;sT+Z{  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation %']`t-N8  
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    '************************************************************************* W?gelu]  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) "DSRyD0M  
    '************************************************************************* ^L-; S  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]3d5
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity NdB:2P  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?ajVf./Ja  

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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z p/gf  
    count = 0 w01u~"E  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count n9Ktn}  
        GetOperation eID, count, op #kp+e)F  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then YJ>P+e\o9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count vk<4P;
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            count=count-1 KMXd  
        End If FSb4RuD9  
        count=count+1 ~b})=7n.  
    Wend r#w.yg4EX  
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    'Set new shift in kyL]4:@W`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" B<jVo%og  
    op.val1 = taq [fg-"-+:M  
    op.parent = parID 2U) 0k*  
    AddOperation eID, op ASa)xf9  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 |3Bmsd/3  
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    '************************************************************************* q{pa _  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens i!+0''i{#  
    '************************************************************************* [E0.4FLT!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) cG5u$B  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic w\ddC DZ  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant #NWS)^&1b  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant |b+CXEzo  
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    '************************************************************************* n4o}}tI  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens {`V ^V_  
    '************************************************************************* >~})O&t  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @cn8m  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7Jn%c<s  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost z7R2viR[  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ,=dc-%J  
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    '************************************************************************* 7,FhKTV1/  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) `( _N9.>B  
    '************************************************************************* =}2k+v-B  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) , nW)A/?}  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) yw*| HT  
    count = 0 af|x(:!H  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count URj2 evYW  
        GetOperation eID, count, op -GYJ)f  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Z=s.`?Z  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7|(o=+Bt  
            count=count-1 0D&-BAzi  
        End If uVa`2]NV r  
        count=count+1 JwdvY]  
    Wend apWv+A  
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    'Set new z-shift ~;0W +  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @# GS4I  
    op.val1 = tlens l{hO"fzy  
    op.parent = parID 9]QHwa>_|2  
    AddOperation eID, op :\~YbA  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens f s2}a  
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    '************************************************************************* <STE~ZmO  
    'Lens index of refraction /]9(InM9/  
    '************************************************************************* $j/#IzD1D  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) -AwkP  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat -?vVV@W-O^  
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    mat.Nd = nlens a!\^O).pA  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat S>y}|MG  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens z4JhLef%  
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    '************************************************************************* t4+bRmS`_  
    'Pupil diameter `+@r0:G&v  
    '************************************************************************* b?k6-r$j  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) v;d3uunqv  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) u^( s0q  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" t!o=-k  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens IgPU^?sp  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) jfpbD /  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ~9c jc  
    count = 0 |N:kf&]b  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count C;oO=R3r  
        GetOperation eID, count, op #2;8/"v  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then LrdX^_,nt  
            DeleteOperation eID,count .J\i!  
            count=count-1 ]*<!|;q  
        End If Dp^6|T*HU  
        count=count+1 cpM]APF-  
    Wend ~z7
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Vw5Pgtx  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 OZ}o||/Rc  
    op.parent = parID rS_pv=0S  
    AddOperation eID, op QG5)mIJ  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam UH#S |

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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description tD> qHR  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6NGQU%Hd  
    GetEntity eID, entity g|5cO3m0'  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" L 7l"*w(  
    SetEntity eID, entity i7\MVI8  
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    Update Xuj=V?5  
    Print "DONE!" sq+cF/jo6  
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End Sub O;m[  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 4v.i!U# {  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters DiSU\?N2'  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm j4$NQ]e^4  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 7A{,)Y/w ^  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 fT5vO.
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 @Op7OFY%  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 T*](oA@  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 @-XMox/  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Q'0:k{G  
DONE! -"}nm!j /5  
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