[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 1'Rmg\(  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 <( EyXV  
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模型 f@d9Hqr+l;  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 &I/qG`W  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Da_()e[9p  
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光源 -{{[cTI  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 |>+uw|LtZ  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 '3Q3lM'lh  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 #]Y*0Wzpfn  
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视网膜的散射 [>Fm[5x
 
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Zh'&-c_J  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 J=H)JH3  
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脚本 -6C +LbV  

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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： d5!!U
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 fY W|p<Q0  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 e.vtEQV9  
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分析 mYv(R!37'  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 0xMj=3']  
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脚本代码 5kMWW*Xtf  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. |FNCXlgZ  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY K7(MD1tk  
Dim op As T_OPERATION l"pN90B4  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ;_+uSalt  
Dim A As Double l=={pb  
Dim pupilDiam As Double MesRa(  
Dim eID As Long qJv[MBjk3B  
Dim parID As Long \ |!\V  
Dim count As Integer ))T>jh  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double #R&H&1  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 8P: spD0  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double wCKj7y[
 
Dim ok As Long PK2~fJB  
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Sub Main .~D>5 JnEk  
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    '用户输入对话框 `V!>J1x  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 B80aw>M  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 >U!*y4  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 } cNW^4F  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 7hw .B'7  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 l*=aMjd?  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 N{Qxq>6 G  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ip:LcGt  
    End Dialog *_-'/i  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog <V&5P3)d9  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) iCQ>@P]nE  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ,xi({{L*  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ]uh3R{a/  
        End `BXS)xj  
    End If R9o-`Wz  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Xyx"A(v^l  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then l.=p8-/$'7  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation
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    Else | A)\ :  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ^TdZ*($5  
    End If e":G*2a  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then *%FA:Y  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter gE7L L=x  
    Else x!<yT?A  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) zw@'vncc  
    End If EG<s_d?  
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    Print " " X` YwP/D  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 8{ c!).  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" HLK@xKD<  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation t#E}NR  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness fxQN+6;  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens A<MtKb  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens H*I4xT@  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Am4lEvb  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens %
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness <yUstz,Xu^  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ~aK?cP  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation e /K#>,  
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    '************************************************************************* 2'0K WYM  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) NZLAk~R;0  
    '************************************************************************* kSncZ0K{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) R!\EKH  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity \_6OCVil  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j7QX,_Q  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z (=x"Y{%  
    count = 0 /
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \E1U@6a  
        GetOperation eID, count, op je,}_:7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %q3$|>  
            DeleteOperation eID,count p*QKK@C  
            count=count-1 dI'SwnR  
        End If CB\{!  
        count=count+1 }ut]\]b  
    Wend 7*o*6,/  
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    'Set new shift in YvL?j  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" z9/G4^qF  
    op.val1 = taq 9=l.T/?sf  
    op.parent = parID R[tC^]ai  
    AddOperation eID, op Dr<='Ux[5  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 \*T"M*;  
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    '************************************************************************* UPU+ver  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens >TL^>D  
    '************************************************************************* Tb;d.^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 5f'DoT  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;!>Wz9  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ='?:z2lJ  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant oih5B<&f#  
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    '************************************************************************* xg`h40c  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens q Dd~2"er  
    '************************************************************************* Nil}js27  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) bp<^R  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |`k .y]9  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost pE]?x$5U  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost % ~]xuP[  
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    '************************************************************************* `1` f*d v  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) g:ErZ;[  
    '************************************************************************* ~!iQ6N?PY  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~^I>#Dd  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) rsNf$v-*  
    count = 0 9W7#
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count D0G-5}s`  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then +%>:0mT  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 9v)%dO.  
            count=count-1 %y[1H5)3<  
        End If WKM)*@#,  
        count=count+1 .9G<y 4  
    Wend .\3`2  
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    'Set new z-shift * A|-KKo\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 10[Jl5+t  
    op.val1 = tlens [s1pM1x  
    op.parent = parID Z
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    AddOperation eID, op Cr/`
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens DC+wD Bp;  
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    '************************************************************************* -<_$m6x"A  
    'Lens index of refraction 's x\P[a  
    '************************************************************************* we7c`1E  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) KU9Z"9#  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat XkmQBV"  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ,1{Ep`
 
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat h&@R| N  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ]uL+&(cr  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Pupil diameter #.B"q:CW*P  
    '************************************************************************* 4pU>x$3$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) )U<Y0bZA!
 
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 7Du1RuxP  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" kdx y\ jA  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ?/*~;fM  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1M3%fW  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) qf)$$qi  
    count = 0 Wo$%9!W  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Ei>m0 ~<\  
        GetOperation eID, count, op H(^bC5'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %i0?UpA  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Br>Fpe$q4  
            count=count-1 36m5bYMd)  
        End If xgsjm))  
        count=count+1 SU_SU".  
    Wend gieJ}Bv  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :7N3N  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 }f>H\iJe  
    op.parent = parID $WQq?
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    AddOperation eID, op cFd >oDS  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam <msxHw  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description G`=r^$.3WB  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) w>?Un,K  
    GetEntity eID, entity -5G)?J/*  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" OU DcY@x~  
    SetEntity eID, entity H%f:K2  
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    Update Pj#'}ru!  
    Print "DONE!" %rKK[  
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End Sub 5m$2Ku  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Ac k}QzXO  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters [BbutGvj  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm c2SC|s]  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 U4?(A@z9^  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Doze8pn  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 +';>=hha  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 {0\,0*^p  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Z-=YM P ]Q  
Set pupil diameter = 4 kQdt}o])  
DONE! V)o,1  
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