[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ,S!w'0k|n  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 F8=nhn  
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模型 3n48%
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 E FY@Y
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. FS@A8Bb  
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光源 [BDGR B7d"  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 \#6Fm_b]u  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 1%`7.;!i  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 }V`mp  
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视网膜的散射 ;t(f1rPyE  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 9[Qd)%MO  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ^p=L\S
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脚本 i8PuC^]  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： -<f;l_(  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Q-eCHr)  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 !; v~^#M]~  
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分析 !GK$
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ]v29 Rx  
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脚本代码 m{%t?w$Au  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. =A!S/;z>  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ,FQK;BU!lh  
Dim op As T_OPERATION -kj
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL C"w {\ &R  
Dim A As Double Mz=!w]qDH  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 'vIx#k4D1  
Dim eID As Long xN0*8  
Dim parID As Long KEr\nKT1  
Dim count As Integer SpSnoVI  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double t+TYb#Tc  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double X%{'<
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double slW3qRT\k  
Dim ok As Long >G"X J<IO  
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Sub Main q/&y*)&'O  
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    '用户输入对话框 Q<"[C 1Lj  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 B]iP't\~  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 3OqX/z,  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 v3RcwySk  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 e [0w5)X   
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ` %?9=h%  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 %{5n1w  
    End Dialog I9y.e++/  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog F[`ZqW  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) HAB#pd9  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed )Hw:E
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        Print "Execution cancelled." _YHu96H;  
        End GG6%bF  
    End If yJ2B3i@T4  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty w YNloU  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Ca>&  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation (Xxn\*S  
    Else
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) L/r@ S'  
    End If m}Y
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0Bolv_e  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter uOi&G:
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    Else O>0VTW  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) /!xF?OmVd  
    End If *,WP,-0  
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    Print " " tbDoP Y  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" "5|Lz)=  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ^HA %q8| n  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation \F6LZZ2Lv  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness '\DSTr:N  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens d5j_6X  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Ukphd$3J=  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens $&P?l=UG  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens &XLD S=j  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness JWO=!^  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction p9ZXbAJ{  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation =!MY4&YX  
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    '************************************************************************* Wsj=!Obc  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) -p,x&h,p  
    '************************************************************************* T=Z.U$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) qCMl!g'  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity  b`mj_b  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) hP@(6X,"  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z u=+q$Q]  
    count = 0 /\d$/~BFi  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count !>^JSHR4t  
        GetOperation eID, count, op LJzH"K[Gg6  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gQWd&)'muf  
            DeleteOperation eID,count q }C+tn"\  
            count=count-1 vR7HF*8  
        End If n]!fO 6kj  
        count=count+1 6)gd^{  
    Wend Z0,~V  
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    'Set new shift in <I*x0BM=  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _O:WG&a6  
    op.val1 = taq +FFG#6e  
    op.parent = parID 7Hw<o
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    AddOperation eID, op Kf,-4)  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 I?!rOU=0  
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    '************************************************************************* 7YIK9edP  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens I0= NaZ7  
    '************************************************************************* r8MZvm2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) vlWw3>4  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic N1EezC'^  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant vxlOh.a|/L  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant tB(4Eq \  
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    '************************************************************************* \&xl{64  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens PFSLyV*  
    '************************************************************************* zzpZ19"`1  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 7LZ^QC  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic B33$ u3d  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost M++0zh
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost l3i,K^YL  
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    '************************************************************************* m7]hJ,0  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) >%b\yl%0  
    '************************************************************************* &M&{yc*%  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) g;p)n  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 'w/qcD-  
    count = 0 7G2PMe;$m  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count M7}Q=q\9
 
        GetOperation eID, count, op ~XM[>M\qB  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then YZ}cB  
            DeleteOperation eID,count _cqy`p@"  
            count=count-1 0OZMlt%z  
        End If 5OLQw(E  
        count=count+1 .#6MQJ]OH  
    Wend J
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    'Set new z-shift )6oGF>
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" hXL|22>w<  
    op.val1 = tlens Ws[D{dS/  
    op.parent = parID U..<iNQE5  
    AddOperation eID, op !|{IVm/J  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens '"YYj$> '  
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    '************************************************************************* @uleyB  
    'Lens index of refraction -$8.3\6h  
    '************************************************************************* bi[7!VQf  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) <>&=n+i  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ;<Qdy` T  
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    mat.Nd = nlens %HuyK  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat |^n3{m  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens AHh#Fx+K  
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    '************************************************************************* #*$p-I=  
    'Pupil diameter @s*,xHE  
    '************************************************************************* E)p
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ]?l{j  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole)  mw$Y  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" fib#CY  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ?m%h`<wgMc  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) laREjN/\`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) cnNOZ$)  
    count = 0 [=M%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Iin#Wd-/  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ur%$aX)  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then L10IF  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Q
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            count=count-1 pWaPC/,g  
        End If >.%4~\U  
        count=count+1 IM(u<c$  
    Wend zmFws-+A  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Lk,+Tfk"  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 b5`KB75sbo  
    op.parent = parID @'jfKW  
    AddOperation eID, op CY"i-e"q<Q  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam z/|BH^V
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description !q/5yEJ>h  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) D'i6",Z>  
    GetEntity eID, entity BWK IbG  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" !k&)EWP?  
    SetEntity eID, entity ! q6hC  
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    Update g`Md80*Zfk  
    Print "DONE!" ^X
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End Sub &a #GXf  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： &9B_/m3  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Go8F5a@j  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 78
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 gY5l.&  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 kK[duW=6  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 h}Ygb-uZ  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 C3"&sdLb$  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 B@cz ?%]  
Set pupil diameter = 4 8F6h#%9  
DONE! t
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