[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 _>+Ld6.T6  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 vXs"Dst  
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模型 N8jIMb'<  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 )nkY_'BV  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. B\~}3!j  
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光源 ^#pEPVkY  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Q,g\  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 y29m/i:  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 e~OpofJNb  
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视网膜的散射 )~>YH*g  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 [Xkx_B  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 2?C)&  
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脚本 KNl$3
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： +{]j]OP  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 h[ ZN+M  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 &{:-]g\  
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分析 !WlH'y-I  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 bA 2pbjg=  
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脚本代码 BtZyn7a  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. st*gs-8jJ;  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY H,J8M{  
Dim op As T_OPERATION XppOU  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL qs6aB0ln  
Dim A As Double *pd@.|^)m  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ]:;&1h3'7  
Dim eID As Long xw%0>K[  
Dim parID As Long kfNWI#'9  
Dim count As Integer 2oW"'43X  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double d9ihhqq3}  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double fA-7VdR`R  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double zs;JJk^  
Dim ok As Long }]TxlSp!;  

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Sub Main 1YA% -~  
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    '用户输入对话框 X&zis1A<  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 g0H[*"hj  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 $]1=\I  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 G3]4A&h9v~  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 0(Ij%Wi,  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 eyaNs{TV  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 w!CNRtM:~  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 GILfbNcd  
    End Dialog 9L9sqZUB
 
    Dim dlg As UserDialog !k%#R4*>  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) wr4:Go`  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed )[ ,A_3E  
        Print "Execution cancelled."
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        End "b[5]Y{ U  
    End If zT/\Cj68  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ToQ"Iy?  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then BVm0{*-[|  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 'yth'[  
    Else j|n R"!  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) hph4`{T  
    End If \jA~9  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ,[Fb[#Qqb  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter (t.Nk
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    Else |o@%dH  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) %S
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    End If hSMH,^Io$  
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    Print " " HDKbF/  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 07)yG:q*x  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" }Lv;

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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation &~!Wym  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness _
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens R3!t$5HG  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens q;U,s)Uz^  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens q=G+Tocv  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens &{RDM~  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness C>~TI,5a3  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Zov~B-Of:  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation )i<j XZ:O  
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    '************************************************************************* 2Hdu:"j  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ^GX)Z~  
    '************************************************************************* 9Ee'Cm  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) BD-AI  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity W`&hp6Jq  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  9akH  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z .G^YqJ 4  
    count = 0 +)?J#g  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count '!$%> ||S  
        GetOperation eID, count, op qa6,z.mQ  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then d1kJRJ   
            DeleteOperation eID,count ap~^Ty<>  
            count=count-1 875od  
        End If 1sCR4L:+  
        count=count+1 y?0nI<}}HK  
    Wend b[7]F  
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    'Set new shift in 'n|5ZhXPB  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^t"'rD-I  
    op.val1 = taq uGt-l4  
    op.parent = parID 
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    AddOperation eID, op Tf)*4O4@'  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 _ J[
  
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    '************************************************************************* :L;a:xSpn=  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens !Uc T RI  
    '************************************************************************* JCaOK2XT;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) :Yks|VJ1  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic CP{cAzHO  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ?s _
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant o]:9')5^  
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    '************************************************************************* :yjFQ9^?&  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens *4Izy14e  
    '************************************************************************* :@)>r9N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 1QJL .  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic r9lR|\Ax2U  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost /=, nGk>  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost HKr Mim-  
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    '************************************************************************* qv"$Bd:]r  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) f9\X>zzB2|  
    '************************************************************************* e]tDy0@  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) W];dD$Oqg  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) &I406Z f7y  
    count = 0 ?rup/4|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g4@ lM"|S  
        GetOperation eID, count, op FE{FGMq  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then S+2(f> Z  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7!$^r$t  
            count=count-1 @]#1(9P  
        End If #V}IvQl|  
        count=count+1 e!r-+.i(  
    Wend @<Yy{~L|  
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    'Set new z-shift EyLuO-5  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" l0hlM#  
    op.val1 = tlens PY0j9$i?  
    op.parent = parID TuYCR>P[  
    AddOperation eID, op e*n@j  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Qdp)cT  
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    '************************************************************************* t.'!`5G  
    'Lens index of refraction I0RvnMw  
    '************************************************************************* ^KE%C;u  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) )];K .zP  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat evJ.<{M  
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    mat.Nd = nlens I)W`sBL  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat TNr :pE<  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $lut[o74  
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    '************************************************************************* :Xd<74Nu  
    'Pupil diameter TvQo?  
    '************************************************************************* -FCe:iY! A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) d5z`BH.  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) N{~YJ$!8  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" -FlzEZ  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens c:u5\&~{  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f0aKlhEC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 4
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    count = 0 P}G+4Sk  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count PIpi1v*qz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op g SAt@2*U2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then BFJnV.0M!  
            DeleteOperation eID,count FtC^5{V+V  
            count=count-1 8&Y^""#e)  
        End If k,F6Tx  
        count=count+1 R+,u^;\  
    Wend R n*L  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" MO <3"@/,  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 yqiq,=OvP  
    op.parent = parID *GN# r11d  
    AddOperation eID, op J{&H+rd  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam m<q
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description  xLZG:^(I  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1\rz%E  
    GetEntity eID, entity (41|'eB\\  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" HuKc9U'7A  
    SetEntity eID, entity h@]XBv  
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    Update v+=BCyT  
    Print "DONE!" Uwx E<=z  
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End Sub \K]0JH  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ~B(4qK1G  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters df#$9-  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm j;iAD:nf  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 7y@Pa&^8  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 u21EP[[,  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 +|89>}w4  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 @)&=%  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 5vZ^0yFQ  
Set pupil diameter = 4 :s6o"VkW  
DONE! U,-39mr  
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