[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 #{BHH;J+  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 5m]N%{<jAB  
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模型 6SGV}dAx  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ?8GggJC  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Y%1 94fY$
 
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光源 _P{f+HxU  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 4Nun-(
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 fR$_=WWN>h  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 R ~ZcTY[8  
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视网膜的散射 $Vp*,oRL  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 TT@U_^o  
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脚本 48IrC_0j  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： re~T,PPM  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 AU
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 )_YB8jUR-X  
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分析 )dd1B>ej]  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 RH.qbPjx  
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脚本代码 byFO^pce  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. &|<f|BMX  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY z2>LjM) #  
Dim op As T_OPERATION <5?pa3  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL NS65F7<&  
Dim A As Double * bd3^mP  
Dim pupilDiam As Double R RE8|%p;B  
Dim eID As Long jsQHg2Vd  
Dim parID As Long au04F]-|j8  
Dim count As Integer QtwQVOK  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double b[GhI+_  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ?G5,}%  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double M.K^W`  
Dim ok As Long c"v75lW-J  
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Sub Main )S 7+y6f&*  
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    '用户输入对话框 3 3|t5Ia  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 (-g*U#  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 MoE&)~0u&  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 &iInru3  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 SIV !8mz  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 :{
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 -?-XO<I  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ujRXA
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    End Dialog !(rAI  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog p_h/hTi  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ejlns ~  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed !JDr58  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ~x
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        End *^uK=CH1?(  
    End If )
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Xj 1Oxm42  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then dMH_:jb  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ' @RF  
    Else Jv8:GgSg
 
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) [zx|3wWAX-  
    End If &t^*0/~  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then $<v4c5r]O  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter [(heE  
    Else XI\Slq  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) >$JE!.p%o  
    End If hOwb   
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    Print " " ENZym
  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" S=_u3OH0  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" V: D;?$Jl  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Uj7Y
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ij$NTY=u  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens TcaW'&(K  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens X5iD<Lh  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens /x??J4r0  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 93]63NY  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness rRRh-%.RU  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction C~h#pAh  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Okci
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    '************************************************************************* @&m [w'tn  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ".>#Qp%  
    '************************************************************************* !0l|[c4 e>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2H`r:x<Z-  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity :zU4K=kR
 
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >GIQT?O6  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z D9g*+KM&  
    count = 0 96\FJHtZ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count j0L%jz
 
        GetOperation eID, count, op < dE7+w  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then vE[d& b[  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Z2W&_(^.h  
            count=count-1 W>' DQB  
        End If :7(fBf5  
        count=count+1 F[coa5  
    Wend bmHj)^v5]  
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    'Set new shift in 2_Lu0Yrg  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" w8+phN(-M  
    op.val1 = taq IYe[IHny1  
    op.parent = parID *fY*Wy9  
    AddOperation eID, op pp|$y\ZzB  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 @[D5{v)S  
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    '************************************************************************* Z
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens &x (D%+  
    '************************************************************************* <DMm [V{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) #}1yBxB<=  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 9|jMN j]vo  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Z2;~{$&M+  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant rxxVLW  
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    '************************************************************************* -Nr*na^H9#  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens -4Q\FLC'k  
    '************************************************************************* DW,Z})9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) >d;U>P5.  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic auB+g'l  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost U4"&T,'lTL  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost L{ej<0yr  
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    '************************************************************************* $5#DU__F/  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8VpmcGvc3  
    '************************************************************************* (\'lV8}U  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 'K23oQwDB  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) U[pR`u
 
    count = 0 DLq'V.M:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v/7^v}[<  
        GetOperation eID, count, op dF&@q,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then jlyuu  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;iN[du  
            count=count-1 i:&
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        End If =FAIbM>u  
        count=count+1 {H=<5  
    Wend H-% B<7  
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    'Set new z-shift 'O 7>w%#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" s?9`dv}P  
    op.val1 = tlens z wn#
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    op.parent = parID qnU`Q{  
    AddOperation eID, op wF-H{C'  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens IR8qFWDZ  
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    '************************************************************************* 5^{2g^jH6  
    'Lens index of refraction z>*\nomOn=  
    '************************************************************************* ( _MY;S  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 7Xh ;dJAF3  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Gl4f:`  
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    mat.Nd = nlens z|<?=c2P  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat !#4b#l(e6  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens \XbCJJP  
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    '************************************************************************* G,b*Qn5#  
    'Pupil diameter DH])Q5  
    '************************************************************************* 4SIS#m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) <,t6A?YoMP  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6^,
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" EuKkIr/(  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 'Z6x\p  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5?>ES*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) =AX"'q  
    count = 0 nx5I  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count tf>"fU\P  
        GetOperation eID, count, op N@I=X-7nh|  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Eu[/* t+l  
            DeleteOperation eID,count OyIIJ!(  
            count=count-1 O-n JuZJgX  
        End If G54`{V4&s  
        count=count+1 V=H:`n3k  
    Wend }`+9ie7]/  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3qy4nPg  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]3
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    op.parent = parID ULzrJbP'7  
    AddOperation eID, op a[E}o<{  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam f%rZ2h)  

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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ]$I}r= Em  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) YRU95K[  
    GetEntity eID, entity m{r#o?  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" cVDcda|PE  
    SetEntity eID, entity <,y> W!  
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    Update =X7_!vSv  
    Print "DONE!" xL"O~jTS  
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End Sub kq@~QI?9  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： zpZfsn!  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters #\\|:`YV  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm z7TyS.z  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 *q+X?3  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 A#Y:VavQ?  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 [pInF Qh6  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 %< `D'V@  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 uaZHM@D  
Set pupil diameter = 4 U>DCra;  
DONE! gFsqCx<q  
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