[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 };sMU6e  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ;&,.TC?l  
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模型 gj+3y9  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 8#59iQl  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. \L[i9m|e  
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光源 \+Y!ILOI  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 SLoo:)  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。  Q2\  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 2P5_zND  
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视网膜的散射 6^YJ]w  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 .ECHxDp  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 xb$yu.c  
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脚本 8/Rm!.8+~  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： gfo}I2"  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 b!a %YLL  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 >oqZ !V5[  
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分析 v>-YuS  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ybvI?#  
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脚本代码 DO^y;y>  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. QIAR  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY R6@uM<  
Dim op As T_OPERATION lbkLyp2  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL rn" pKUd  
Dim A As Double o'Y#H r)/  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ;~/4d-  
Dim eID As Long !N~*EI$  
Dim parID As Long E`xU m9F  
Dim count As Integer Y';>O`  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double zj20;5o>U&  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double <t}?$1  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double qrDcL>Hrn  
Dim ok As Long S< x:t(  
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Sub Main bUvK  
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    '用户输入对话框 $Jf9;.  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ,- HIFbXx@  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 hKksVi  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 :s*>W$Wp4  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 #&siHHs \  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 .,mPdVof  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 OoaY  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 -1W  
    End Dialog \cZfg%PN  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog D#v?gPo4  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) f z%tA39m  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed B||c(ue  
        Print "Execution cancelled." x!?Z*v@I  
        End t!jwY/T  
    End If O5;-Om  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty w3bIb$12  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <SQ(~xYi
  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 0QoLS|voA/  
    Else j9xXKa5  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ;3UvkN  
    End If s.y}U5Ty?P  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then sqG`"O4W  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter EcW1;wH  
    Else &@; RI~  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) q\H7&w  
    End If k7Oy5$##  
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    Print " " %6]\^
 
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" M(5D'4.  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" h5
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation mV zu~xym  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness D rTM$)  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens {^wdJZ~QLK  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens gj;@?o0  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens o?dR\cxj  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens P)IjL&[  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness >zR14VO`_|  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction T*\$<-^
 
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 3{pk5_c  
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    '************************************************************************* cY~M4:
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) \G3!TwC%  
    '************************************************************************* 0||F`24  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) P;c0L;/  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity f".q9{+p,  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) +-P<CCvWz  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z h0XH`v  
    count = 0 "Q?_ EE
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 1p=&WM  
        GetOperation eID, count, op I-{^[pp  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %/%gMRXG2  
            DeleteOperation eID,count <Wf0QO,  
            count=count-1 b[0S=e G  
        End If %`oHemSy  
        count=count+1 `WlH*p)z9  
    Wend C9pnU,[  
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    'Set new shift in ,-:a?#f>  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" to51hjV  
    op.val1 = taq [DhEh@  
    op.parent = parID ?OO%5PSen  
    AddOperation eID, op B~rU1Y)  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 B{99gwMe]  
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    '************************************************************************* 0@v
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 8~qlLa>jc  
    '************************************************************************* -xTKdm D  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) S;h&5.p  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic UEN56@eCNf  

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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant `fMpV8vv  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 94YA2_f;  
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    '************************************************************************* HSC6;~U  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens -U:2H7  
    '************************************************************************* ?cJA^W  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) (QKsB3X  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost cTy'JT7  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost u9,=po=+7f  
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    '************************************************************************* FXxN>\76.  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 2;h+;G  
    '************************************************************************* I<KCt2:X  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) tStJ2-5*t  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) d96fjj~  
    count = 0 ]h0Y8kpd  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count D>S8$]^Dm  
        GetOperation eID, count, op G-ZhGbAI7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Eny!R@u7q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count oo\
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            count=count-1 d#4Wj0x  
        End If !x6IV25  
        count=count+1 yE<,Z%J[n  
    Wend 0yKhp:^  
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    'Set new z-shift CxkMhd8qz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" l*qk1H"g  
    op.val1 = tlens 3+j^E6@  
    op.parent = parID PH[4y:^DN  
    AddOperation eID, op z41D^}b  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 4':MI|/my_  
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    '************************************************************************* ZDfS0]0F  
    'Lens index of refraction >6w@{p2B  
    '************************************************************************* K(' 9l& A  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) K1<k+t/V  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat zWJKYFqK  
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    mat.Nd = nlens KjC[q  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat waBRQh  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens @}ZGY^  
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    '************************************************************************* i:;$oT  
    'Pupil diameter $4sAnu]  
    '************************************************************************* _@7(g(pY 3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 7bHE!#L`0  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 0,bt^a  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" S3nB:$_-;  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens DZ,<Jmg&e*  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) BF>T*Z-Ki  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) )7tV*=?Ic8  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *q+oeAYX  
        GetOperation eID, count, op LE<:.?<Z-  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .vN)A *  
            DeleteOperation eID,count JATS6-Lz`  
            count=count-1 iOKr9%9?Z  
        End If :vw0r`  
        count=count+1 ZBPd(;"x+  
    Wend 2-QuT"Gkd  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" }5QZ6i#  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 tWcizj;?wK  
    op.parent = parID kx:c*3q.k  
    AddOperation eID, op K<D`(voL  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam V|+ `L-  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description N'htcC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8}Fw%;Cb  
    GetEntity eID, entity od;Bb  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" bXa %EMF  
    SetEntity eID, entity USlF+RY@3L  
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    Update ,w,ENU0~f  
    Print "DONE!" 1'(_>S5CG  
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End Sub 38Bnf  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： x8\E~6`,  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters d;;>4}XJ]  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm b #o}=m  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 a7ub.9>  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 AsTMY02|  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 >1#DPU(g  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Oex{:dO "F  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 #j(q/ T{x  
Set pupil diameter = 4 c#]'#+aH  
DONE! U>e3_td3,  
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