[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 l$!NEOK  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 X)
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模型 1EV0Y]T1  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 /h&>tYVio  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. aO\@5i_r  
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光源 )[t3-'  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Y:'c<k  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 %o0.8qVJi  
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视网膜的散射 cXOb=  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ou&7v<)x4  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 RAEiIf!3  
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脚本 S#7.
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： RK=YFE 0  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 TqMy">>  
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分析 "{(4  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 iW<B1'dp  
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脚本代码 *,__\/U98  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. <?iwi[S  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY -{fbZk&A  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 4;d9bd)A  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL CpICb9w  
Dim A As Double u7<s_M3%N  
Dim pupilDiam As Double E>?T<!r~j  
Dim eID As Long N;\by<snN  
Dim parID As Long wXsA-H/`  
Dim count As Integer n.Q?@\}2  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 4E& 3{hnp  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 7uRXu>h  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double -xf=dzm)  
Dim ok As Long ~3z10IG  
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Sub Main l2!4}zI2  
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    '用户输入对话框 eESJk14  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 X"{s"Mc0G  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 T=2 91)@  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 R3$
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 =X2E
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ]7^YPFc+  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 8ESBui3;  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 a8%/Xwr~  
    End Dialog `7|v  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog w_I}FPT<(:  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) A:ef}OCL  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed @&2bLJJ+  
        Print "Execution cancelled." T;}pMRd%  
        End }45&s9m=  
    End If u<\/T&S
 
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Jh[fFg]  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then avk0pY(n  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation $3%EKi  
    Else 6kKIDEX  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) BaTE59W  
    End If A=|&N%lP'  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then V4Ql6vg_f  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter y:Qo:Z~  
    Else z.pP~he  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) \?)<==^  
    End If [HK[{M=v=  
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    Print " " xq.,7#3  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" )}7rM6hv  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" p}}o#a~V),  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 6`{Y#2T  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness zrG&p Z  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens !5Kv9P79  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 4?,N;Q  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens RpR;1ktF>  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ' Ky5|4  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 7 rOziKZ"  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction &aaXw?/zr  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Y+sycdq  
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    '************************************************************************* x\GCsVy  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Qhsh{muw(  
    '************************************************************************* ?x"<0k1g  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) *obBo6!zM  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity diGPTV-?$  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \;}F6g  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z try'%0}>  
    count = 0 a8FC#kfq  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count egxh  
        GetOperation eID, count, op  [ K;3Qf)  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then B_anO{3$4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count (qnzz!s  
            count=count-1 r'uD|T H  
        End If 1j "/}0fx  
        count=count+1 kcVEE)zb  
    Wend 1RZhy_$\.  
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    'Set new shift in {A2(a7vV  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Dx/BxqG6}_  
    op.val1 = taq PW x9CT  
    op.parent = parID htj:Z:C`  
    AddOperation eID, op #TM+Vd$  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 HP^<2?K  
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    '************************************************************************* >fJY
 
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens |TatRB3>  
    '************************************************************************* x4Mq{MrWp  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) x}$SB%9/  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 9`81br+~  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Va"Q1 *"  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant fwK5p?Xhm  
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    '************************************************************************* [QEV6S]  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens `+[Ct08  
    '************************************************************************* s4/4o_[W  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _8Cw_  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic FCnOvF65  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost W+d=BnOa8  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ]KdSwIbi  
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    '************************************************************************* :sAb'6u1EU  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) awkPFA*c'  
    '************************************************************************* v% 6uU  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Ybo:2e  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) v1h\ 6r'  
    count = 0 )voJq\Y)%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Hd]o?q\  
        GetOperation eID, count, op d$qivct  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m/@ ;N,K  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Wu3or"lcw*  
            count=count-1 m:&go2Y  
        End If uF,F<%d  
        count=count+1 X5@+M!`  
    Wend Cw6\'p%l-\  
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    'Set new z-shift @h7)M:l  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" E><$sN6  
    op.val1 = tlens nSY3=Edx=  
    op.parent = parID 3L}eFg,d  
    AddOperation eID, op C.qNBl*  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 'KvSI=$  
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    '************************************************************************* .n$c+{  
    'Lens index of refraction ymH>] cUm  
    '************************************************************************* )Fk*'6  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) #gW"k;7P  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat s0r::yO  
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    mat.Nd = nlens M3q%(!2  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Uh[MBwK  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens wwh1aV *  
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    '************************************************************************* Wo)$*?  
    'Pupil diameter 2<$pai"yl  
    '************************************************************************* p>#sR4d>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) N+lhztYQ?  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) To/6=$wto  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" gXJtk;  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens y{>T['"@  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }H#C<:A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 8'WoG]E_  
    count = 0 Z  FIy  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count fQm3D%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op [0bp1S~  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then DpCe_Vb%M  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ,FIG5-e,}  
            count=count-1 u
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        End If GG
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        count=count+1 W3+;1S$k  
    Wend )7c/i+FsC  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" mzO5&h7  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 q$7w?(Lk  
    op.parent = parID 953G
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    AddOperation eID, op !LR9}Xon  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam *""iX
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Vp$<@Y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }
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    GetEntity eID, entity ^O.` P  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" V~#8lu7;  
    SetEntity eID, entity U| T}0  
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    Update Z-j?N{3&  
    Print "DONE!" -e\OF3Td  
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End Sub ~@#s<a,%;  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： \J(kevX  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters h[bC#(  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm g-pEt#  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 }wB!Bx2  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 {3T&6LA  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 }0[<xo>K  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 vs^)=  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 lFp:F5  
Set pupil diameter = 4 q*K[?  
DONE! zr ~4@JTS  
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