[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 A6]:BuP;c  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 "6jt$-?  
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模型 Tx.N#,T|  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 So1
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. {[!<yUJ`S#  
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光源 v5M4Rs&t  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ga +, P  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 5SY%B#;5G  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 :BPgDLL,  
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视网膜的散射 :H&Q!\a  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 _WZx].|A=  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 !/p|~K  
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脚本 z
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Ge2Klyi  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 )]fiyXA  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 *ak0(yLn)  
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分析 RnH?95n?{  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 d#T5=5#  
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脚本代码 Dl/ C?Fll  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. A"7YkOfwH  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY #mU\8M,  
Dim op As T_OPERATION i431mpMa  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL *P'X[z  
Dim A As Double _#K|g#p5  
Dim pupilDiam As Double |mH* I  
Dim eID As Long "e-Y?_S7R8  
Dim parID As Long 4 ?BQ&d  
Dim count As Integer g"/n95k<  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double E{V?[HcWq  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double z- q.8~Z  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 3Ws(],Q  
Dim ok As Long }Cu:BD.zQ  
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Sub Main o`CM15d*7o  
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    '用户输入对话框 5mAb9F8@  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 x;W!sO@$  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 tpSgbGzp  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 )cH\i91  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 XgxO:"B  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 p.:|Z-W$  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 807+|Ol[  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 bg|$1ue  
    End Dialog +^9^)Ur|  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog UwW@}cy,L  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) c%5P|R~g]p  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 7NJl+
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        Print "Execution cancelled." <7y/)b@  
        End %scw]oF  
    End If {U-
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Ho(MO!(  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 6OE xAn8  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ,xU#uyB  
    Else -|'@:cIZ  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) :'r* 5EX  
    End If &7'=t6  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then V(cU/Aia^  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter uyEk1)HC  
    Else Q7u|^Gu,5  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) nOyG7:  
    End If @~gPZm  
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    Print " " ;ZB=@@l(  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" DvhFCA}z  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" f IV"U  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation G!`%.tH  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness g Nz  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 6\l F  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens pej-W/R&  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ();Z,A  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens :&5u)  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness VXCB.C"  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction oBmv^=cH  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation }vZfp5Y  
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    '************************************************************************* oG22;  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) &2:WezDF  
    '************************************************************************* 3K(/=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &T-:`(  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 5<X"+`=9  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $o9^b Z  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ,PpVZq~  
    count = 0 Af]BR_-  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count gs}&a3d7k  
        GetOperation eID, count, op /p;OZf]  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gT[]"ZT7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count CWZv/>,%  
            count=count-1 e8SAjl"}  
        End If + d>2'  
        count=count+1 6k')12~'  
    Wend %eF=;q  
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    'Set new shift in @ #J2t#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Q_/UC#I8  
    op.val1 = taq DM6(8df(  
    op.parent = parID 9XUYy2{G  
    AddOperation eID, op z+fy&NPl  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 l [ m_<1L  
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    '************************************************************************* {'P?wv  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens <_8eOL<X  
    '************************************************************************* Yk{4 3yw  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) }K.)yv n  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic H5vg s2R  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ty;a!yjC  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `j2|aX %Z*  
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    '************************************************************************* "V:RKH`  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens , Sf:R4=  
    '************************************************************************* ZDK+>^A)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) cor!Sa>  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic f#38QP-
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost z/o&r`no  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost YqKQm+G  
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    '************************************************************************* x'i~o'  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) J"eE9FLM  
    '************************************************************************* UZJs!#P  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 'cN3Vvk  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) IYr4  
    count = 0 lA,[&  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count sEb*GF*.V  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ~!fOl)F  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then c~Y g(  
            DeleteOperation eID,count #%CB`l  
            count=count-1 gfXit$s  
        End If Wsw/ D  
        count=count+1 #FGj)pu  
    Wend 2ak*aI  
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    'Set new z-shift %Bnn\{Az  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" w`Cs,  
    op.val1 = tlens UnTvot6~  
    op.parent = parID )"bP]t^_  
    AddOperation eID, op +o6"Z)  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens {tXyz[;i1}  
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    '************************************************************************* !M7727  
    'Lens index of refraction 2reQd
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    '************************************************************************* p ^I#9(PT  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Q=498Y~x  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat >{h/4T@  
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    mat.Nd = nlens h],l`lT1\  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 2,6|l.WFpE  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens DvBRK}'  
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    '************************************************************************* IDt7KJ@hc  
    'Pupil diameter /kFw(l_.  
    '************************************************************************* D89(u.h  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) UTxqqcqEny  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) RZ9chTX/  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" u85Uy yN  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens wn>?r ?KIB  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) qJJ~#W)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) *46hw(L  
    count = 0 K1|xatx1V  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 68a  
        GetOperation eID, count, op yex0rnQ|  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [G}l;  
            DeleteOperation eID,count -*0U&]T  
            count=count-1 -* piC(  
        End If 8CGjI?j  
        count=count+1 j !rQa^  
    Wend K2oyHw<mk  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;fKFmY41  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 !L55S03  
    op.parent = parID \QMRuR.  
    AddOperation eID, op k9oLJ<.k  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam GPU,.s"&(  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description %b3s|o3An  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :"~n` Q2[  
    GetEntity eID, entity wD`jks  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" |7E1yu  
    SetEntity eID, entity 4X:S#z  
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    Update @xPWR=Lb  
    Print "DONE!" HF]|>1WV[  
     
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End Sub r2xIbZ  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： o"e]9{+<  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters GUdVsZjz(  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ?LA`v_  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 /4#A|;d_  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Pa\"l'!>^  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 m?pm
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 s&~i S[  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 =?gDM[t^
  
Set pupil diameter = 4 nEboet-#D0  
DONE! YgW 50)q^  
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