[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 LLa72HW  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Tug}P K   
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模型 D"5uN0Z  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 D~KEjz!bQ  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. XT n`$}nz  
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光源 dy4! >zxF  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 sj)$o94=  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 }RGp)OFY&  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 xB1Oh+@i  
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视网膜的散射 L*A9a  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 De^GWO.?bT  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Rh
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脚本 ]Zfg~K(  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： KL2#Bm_  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 67Z.aaXD1  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 QLq^[>n  
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分析 Ig&=(Kmr  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 hOI|#(
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脚本代码 L-7?:  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ogt<vng  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY !,rp|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION xWY%-CWY.  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ;\N{z6  
Dim A As Double \tLfB[S.5  
Dim pupilDiam As Double YT)jBS~&  
Dim eID As Long j@jaFsX|  
Dim parID As Long .OLm{  
Dim count As Integer PcXz4?Q$  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double nLn3kMl4  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double |hsg=LX  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double $wL zaZL|  
Dim ok As Long alQMPQVin  
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Sub Main 7Eo
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    '用户输入对话框 0w'%10"&U+  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 L&[u
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 B}Q.Is5  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 sdk%~RN0T  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 d5/x2!mH8  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 s-V5\Lip,  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 p 8,wr )  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 
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    End Dialog Ks|qJ3;  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog q;&\77i$  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ~YQC!x  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ao2NwH##  
        Print "Execution cancelled." clE_a?  
        End #bxUI{*J  
    End If Wn61;kV_)  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty vM_UF{a$=  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then FsZW,  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ya[][!.G  
    Else  V6opV&  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) } 0su[gy[  
    End If =og5Mh,  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then C%hMh/Li;  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter [1pWg^  
    Else tO0MYEx"  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 1C,=1bY  
    End If Q8]lz}  
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    Print " " 60 D0z  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" P?- #d\qi  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" G/l 28yt  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation !E
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 3em&7QM  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens )U6-&-07  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens l*~".q;S  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens PtfxF]%H  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens m tPmVze  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Fjq~^_8  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction \^l273  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation zk\YW'x|r  
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    '************************************************************************* :Nry |  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) PubO|Mf  
    '************************************************************************* <oFZFlY@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~"eQPTd  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity A6ar@$MZ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z &OK[n1M  
    count = 0 =g]Ln)jc  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count aPR0DZ@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op P4h^_*d  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then k15fy"+Ut  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 
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            count=count-1 @ V_@r@A  
        End If 0!Zp4>l\Z  
        count=count+1 U};~ff+  
    Wend 2q4dCbJ!  
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    'Set new shift in 8y9`xRy  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" .>/Tc  
    op.val1 = taq 5V"Fy&}:  
    op.parent = parID zB/)_AW  
    AddOperation eID, op k&<cFZU  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ~8rVf+bg3  
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    '************************************************************************* 0 It[Pa qG  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens <KBzZ !n5  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) cH==OM7&-  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic f@G3,u!]i  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Y6&B%t<b
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant e9F\U   
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    '************************************************************************* D'nO  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens U]8 @  
    '************************************************************************* ~|FKl%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) r.JY88"  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *8WcRx  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost TgDx3U[  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost KS9eV  
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    '************************************************************************* K6 {0`'x  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) %-A#7\  
    '************************************************************************* b*AL,n?  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Vm3e6Y,K  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Eps2  
    count = 0 <`rl[C{  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,(D:cRN  
        GetOperation eID, count, op $L@os
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !yfQ^a_
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            DeleteOperation eID,count gG>|5R0  
            count=count-1 iJ7?6)\  
        End If &*w)/W  
        count=count+1 g_T[m*  
    Wend 7GyJmzEE  
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    'Set new z-shift =9LeFrz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;X9nYH  
    op.val1 = tlens h_SDW %($  
    op.parent = parID vv9=g*"j  
    AddOperation eID, op \nX5$[  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ~EV7E F  
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    '************************************************************************* C}7c:4c  
    'Lens index of refraction xUKn  
    '************************************************************************* A3;}C+K  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) @Yl&Jg2l'  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat nw)yK%`;M  
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    mat.Nd = nlens K]<49`MX  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat [q<Vm-  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 7*a']W{aJ  
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    '************************************************************************* (|
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    'Pupil diameter ,rC$~ &  
    '************************************************************************* `<3/k  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) a$~pAy5C  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) YpGG^;M$  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ^xpiN
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens >=WlrmI  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !^,<nP  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 1&wI*4  
    count = 0 pow.@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [Ju5O[o  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ly8IrgtKy  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a%fMf[Fu  
            DeleteOperation eID,count yLDv/r  
            count=count-1 1U/ dc.x5  
        End If DO^K8~]
 
        count=count+1 LRuB&4r8  
    Wend ^J[r<Dm8F  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" HZ+l){u  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Y[8GoqE|  
    op.parent = parID 6UXDIg=  
    AddOperation eID, op qkg`4'rLg  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam _tJm0z!  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description "P@jr{zvMd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 74c[m}'S  
    GetEntity eID, entity q\`0'Z,  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 5g-AB`6T  
    SetEntity eID, entity :O~*}7
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    Update ~h<<-c  
    Print "DONE!" $YNWT\
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End Sub Z#1'STg  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据：
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters }C<<l5/ z  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm SdJGhU  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ~kJ}Z<e  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 8(b C.  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 /ZeN\ybx  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 He}uE0^  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 EJz?GM  
Set pupil diameter = 4 K4{1}bU{>  
DONE! +'@j~\>^yJ  

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