[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 0CnOL!3.I  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Cio 1E-4  
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模型 D+lAhEN  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 }bb;~  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. *& BQTZ6  
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光源 03$mYS_?  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ?+))}J5N\  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 y6(Z`lx  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 h79}qU  
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视网膜的散射 OIGY`   
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 G<L;4nA)  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ju8>:y8  
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脚本 5?f ^Rz  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： fW?vdYF  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 tR#OjkvX  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 2R[:]-b  
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分析 KqHyG  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 .#EFLXs  
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脚本代码 b!+hH Hv:  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. L
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY &5>Kl}7  
Dim op As T_OPERATION
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Q-(zwAaE
 
Dim A As Double ,<.V7(|t)  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 49eD1h3'X[  
Dim eID As Long  \__i  
Dim parID As Long {4l8}w  
Dim count As Integer +V2F#fI/  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double A@`}c,G  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double VMZMG$C  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double t^&Cxh  
Dim ok As Long ::`HQ@^  
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Sub Main M*0]ai|;  
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    '用户输入对话框 -uS!\  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 TP*hd  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 X;$+,&M"  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 #`^}PuQ  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 5=-Q4d  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 u*eV@KK!  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 "MeVE#O  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 `>o{P/HN  
    End Dialog 8|gIhpO?^  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 9+|$$)  

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    ok = Dialog (dlg) $t+,Tav  

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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed XPc^Tq  
        Print "Execution cancelled." l]5KN  
        End 8\^R~K`sY  
    End If x>K Or,f  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 2Ah#<k-gC;  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then &C_j\7Dq  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 3Tcms/n  
    Else j^*dmX  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) g&L!1<, p  
    End If +
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 8S TvCH"Z_  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter #\{l"-  
    Else E:68?IJ  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) [jQp
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    End If b=C*W,Q_#  
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    Print " " %@b0[ZC  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" qz_7%c]K[  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" )rU  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation K-)] 1BG  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 0D.Mke )  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens FjH
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens P8:dU(nlW  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ^CYl\.Y@  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens v
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ZDJ`qJ8V  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction QE+g j8  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation !qQl@jO  
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    '************************************************************************* rBzuKQK}J  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) k9R4Y\8P  
    '************************************************************************* ?=msH=N<l  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ! I:%0
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity p$c6<'UqH  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) e2Pcm_Ahv*  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 3pROf#M  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count i^&~?2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Y5Bo|*b  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then H2 {+)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Et_bH%0  
            count=count-1 h2A <"w  
        End If &ywPuTt  
        count=count+1 S3%FHS  
    Wend ,-LwtePJ0  
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    'Set new shift in 7nTeP(M%  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" O63<AY@  
    op.val1 = taq qr^3R&z!}  
    op.parent = parID CsR$c,8X.  
    AddOperation eID, op ~W'{p  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 i#/Jr=  
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    '************************************************************************* =o(5_S.u;  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens XEp{VC@=  
    '************************************************************************* !Pvf;rNI1T  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 0S_~\t  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %XDc,AR[  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 5lmHotj#  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant TER=*"!  
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    '************************************************************************* 7>0o&  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens z, )6"/;  
    '************************************************************************* \ZFGw&yN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) <c-=3}=U\  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %nZo4hnr$r  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost .G
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost wk D^r(hiH  
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    '************************************************************************* X/!o\yyT  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 6:5I26  
    '************************************************************************* 8 +/rlHp  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %P/Jq#FE.  

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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) BLdvyVFx  
    count = 0 l"T44CL;  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count / }X1W  
        GetOperation eID, count, op (O?.)jEW(.  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W]1)zO  
            DeleteOperation eID,count . B9iLI  
            count=count-1 Jb@V}Ul$  
        End If X*XZb F"=  
        count=count+1 ]L $\ #  
    Wend |Nn)m  
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    'Set new z-shift &< `NT D  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 0
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    op.val1 = tlens wLH>:yKUU  
    op.parent = parID _\G"9,)u'  
    AddOperation eID, op  hoUD;3  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *[Tz![|  
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    '************************************************************************* Y|f[bw  
    'Lens index of refraction ,, OW  
    '************************************************************************* 4<Utmr  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) c /HHy,  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat xb~yM%*c  
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    mat.Nd = nlens mbxZL<ua  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 2!m/  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens xp)sBM7A  
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    '************************************************************************* 9igiZmM  
    'Pupil diameter /{aj}M0kN  
    '************************************************************************* Y-
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) jh%Eq+#S  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) RuA*YV  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" { ]{/t-=  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens %KhI>O<  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) v5#jZ$<F  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) %COX7gV  
    count = 0 *20jz<  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count qZtzO2Mt  
        GetOperation eID, count, op x.!V^HQSN  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then XK3tgaH  
            DeleteOperation eID,count DS(}<HK{  
            count=count-1 {j?FNOJn  
        End If $oID(P  
        count=count+1 vjGo;+K  
    Wend yy^q2P  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" kWMl  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 @sW24J1q+  
    op.parent = parID 9k'7832u  
    AddOperation eID, op &tLgG4pd  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam XH4  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description _~l5u8{^6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f;o5=)Y  
    GetEntity eID, entity {l1.2!  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" #4Rx]zW^%  
    SetEntity eID, entity BDW^7[n  
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    Update y1eWpPJa  
    Print "DONE!" r[`9uVT/  
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End Sub *eTqVG.  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ,Bi.1 %$  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ,GbR!j@6  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm <sGVR5NR  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 )1J R#  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 _lJ!R:*  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 sk<3`x+  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 *Mh
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 by1<[$8r  
Set pupil diameter = 4 shy-Gu&  
DONE! K,;E5  
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