[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 a 98  
752wK|o0|;  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Q]wM/7  
m%[t&^b}T  
模型 =5ih,>>g  
a
~*V  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 R`Lm"5w  
qX(%Wn;n  
$3TTHS o  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. $5b|@  
4l''/$P  
光源 (L>[,YO9  
F[EblJ  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Oez}C,0  
qN[7zsaj  
<L~xR5  
yj~"C$s  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Q:O>kCDV  
NVeRn  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 qDM[7q3.  
LJwMM  
*Zi%Q[0Me  
Pm^N0L9?q  
视网膜的散射 i)L:VkN  
CFm1c1%Hg  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 HF: T]n,  
io{H$ x(  
2<G1'7)  
<83gn :$  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 @$P!
#z  
Tr0V6TS7  
WrNgV@P  
LU,"i^
T  
脚本 <aaDW  
B  bw1k  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： y8vH?^:%<  
0;v~5|r  
Ue#yDTjc  
U%DF!~n  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 G}#/`]o!K  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 (VaN\+I:T  
J7ekIQgR  
分析 5u_4lNJ&  
8Wx@[!  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 {[5L96RH%  
6b]d|  
C9U{^  
脚本代码 (+LR u1z  
'[ g)v  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. D}/=\J/  
Q|B|#?E==  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY Q 95
 
Dim op As T_OPERATION Ccr+SR2  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL p/1}>F|i  
Dim A As Double  g1wI/  
Dim pupilDiam As Double iQ!  
Dim eID As Long 1O2h9I$bk  
Dim parID As Long 6IY}SI0N  
Dim count As Integer aE\B
AbD7  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double bepYe
T  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double QHzX 5$IM  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double c =N]! ,MO  
Dim ok As Long *_<*bhR<  
to!W={S<ol  
Sub Main {9Mdt`WL  
mu6xL QdA  
    '用户输入对话框 vvsNWA
 
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 kE_@5t7O{  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 gLaO#cQ%  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 nn)`eR&  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 ^s@*ISY  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 9U<)_E<y  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 lDJd#U'V  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 *[xNp[
4EU  
    End Dialog d0A\#H_&  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog BY4  R@)  
Iwt2}E(e  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) {1@4}R4  
#HM\a  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed OHP3T(Q5  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ~6:LUM  
        End /y](mu"!  
    End If o?va#/fk  
Wl !!5\  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ~f=6?5.wa  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then \buZ?  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation q3x;_y^  
    Else g2aT`=&Z  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) fa4951_  
    End If CFBUQMl>  
8XYD L]I'  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 4VmCW"b7h  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter xV,4U/T  
    Else _PyW=Tj  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Tw}?(\ya  
    End If Z9"{f)T  
V|3yZ8lE  
    Print " " urT/+deR  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" -; us12SZ  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" AU\xNF3  
J\xz^%p  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation npO@Haw  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness o0aO0Y  
@jE d%W  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ~^rey  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens zL)1^[%O9  
Som. qD  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens +Q SxYV  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens uG=t?C6  
_Sly7_  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ReI=4Jq11  
%Ye)8+-  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction *`+<x  
mh A~eJ  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation DMAf^.,S  
Ei{(  
    '************************************************************************* <OR.q  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) <}28=d  
    '************************************************************************* Hi; K"H]x1  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0<]$v"`I  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity R<n8M"B  
u8-a-k5<  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) i
o9y;S"+  
}t@f|TX  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z c$,c`H(~  
    count = 0 )
|U_Z"0H^  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 'DCKD4@C/  
        GetOperation eID, count, op LyuSZa]  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~rgf{oGz  
            DeleteOperation eID,count hsTFAfa'  
            count=count-1 Iz6ss(UJ  
        End If C1X}3bB  
        count=count+1 D'7A2f  
    Wend vF9*tK'   
5nMkd/  
    'Set new shift in 6WA|'|}=  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" tMxsR>sH  
    op.val1 = taq pT("2:)x  
    op.parent = parID wXr>p)mP  
    AddOperation eID, op x r-;,W  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 TqS2!/jp  
Y brx%  
    '************************************************************************* =dgo!k  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens
[kPD`be2#  
    '************************************************************************* |7svA<<[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 5~@?>)TBv  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic o2
;(VSKhS  
p//T7rs  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant '8s>rH5[V  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant :d;[DYFLxb  
<\ y!3;  
    '************************************************************************* NFB*1_m  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens CTl(_g  
    '************************************************************************* qq OxTG]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ooTc/QEYi  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic E)C.eW /  
! G*&4V3Mg  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Oq*n9V  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost #$LH2?)  
!cRfZ  
    '************************************************************************* gzVtxDh  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Z8&4z.6_  
    '************************************************************************* dX_!0E[c  
7sXy`+TZ->  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) D,c!#(v cK  
sB?2*S"X)<  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) *R5`.j =  
    count = 0 "Owct(9  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count k) "ao2iXL  
        GetOperation eID, count, op cb+l"FI7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Z
+NF(d  
            DeleteOperation eID,count t2"@Ps&1|  
            count=count-1 EbCIIMbe"  
        End If 8QT<M]N%  
        count=count+1 E[S? b=^  
    Wend ):3MYSqX  
B9YsA?hg  
    'Set new z-shift cI2Fpf`2Wj  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" !6M Bxg>  
    op.val1 = tlens X` ATH^S  
    op.parent = parID 5B1G?`]?  
    AddOperation eID, op N*Yy&[  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens O]t\B*%}  
L~IE,4  
    '************************************************************************* K]X`sH:  
    'Lens index of refraction fb23J|"  
    '************************************************************************* Gu5~DyT`G  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) /-Wuq`P/ T  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 0x\2#i  
cA<<&C  
    mat.Nd = nlens rOW;yJ[  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat j?xk&  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens R\*)@[y9l  
fe|g3>/|  
    '************************************************************************* $ADPV,*gG  
    'Pupil diameter Jn=42Q:>  
    '************************************************************************* :/6()_>bO  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) #:#Dz.$L  
'@bJlJB9>  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) dByjcTPA  
:s"2Da3B  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" E tx`K5Tr]  
z$|;-u|  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens l
l%G!VR  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #F!Kxks  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) b0 &  
    count = 0 qz`rL#W]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Ad/($v5+  
        GetOperation eID, count, op r!kLV)_  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Nt~x&s  
            DeleteOperation eID,count mZ7B<F[qV  
            count=count-1 F}'wH-qp  
        End If L6+C]t}>6  
        count=count+1 lm$;:Roj*  
    Wend MU1E_"Z)  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" .xl.P7@JJ  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 L+.H z&*@  
    op.parent = parID BxdX WO  
    AddOperation eID, op (~&w-w3  
26.)Ur<F  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 6aY>lkp  
B`{mdjMy  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description hm\\'_u  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) cKjRF6w  
    GetEntity eID, entity PO o%^'(  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" u]M\3V.  
    SetEntity eID, entity K(VW%hV1  
HTk\723Rdw  
    Update 5/?P|T  
    Print "DONE!" OxQYNi2  
     'wvMH;}u  
End Sub Jf_%<\ O  
jO8X:j09A  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： l^W uS|G[  
m[:K"lZ ]2  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters a9l8{3  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ^m%52Tm h  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 OCNPi4  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 : @6mFTV  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 TQc@lR!  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 E^wyD-ii/  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 gn)R^  
Set pupil diameter = 4 pOA!#Aj)  
DONE! ".P){Dep$4  
!E0!-UpY  
,lm=M5b  
QQ：2987619807 H)>sTST(