[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 KB\A<(o,  
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模型
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 d>YX18'<Q  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ro8c-[V  
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光源 bPL.8hX   
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 $;Nw_S@  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 f8vWN  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 k "Qr  
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视网膜的散射 kWm[Lt  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 _2Hehw  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 v;$cx*?  
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脚本 hG!|
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： /~6)Vt  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 &l;wb.%ijW  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ~H\1dCW  
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分析 mJFFst,  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 bQBYzvd  
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脚本代码 Ew$-,KC[  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. em,j>qp  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY DFN  
Dim op As T_OPERATION .~jn N  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 6,j&u7  
Dim A As Double @(I)]Ca%O  
Dim pupilDiam As Double )sBbmct_S  
Dim eID As Long ^h~oxZJw  
Dim parID As Long k`
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Dim count As Integer eczS(KoL4  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double W;y ,Xs  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double `bMwt?[*  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double t#sw{RO  
Dim ok As Long yr,Oq~e  
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Sub Main /aX#j`PrH  
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    '用户输入对话框 GJP\vsaQ  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 `@#,5S$ E  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 UukHz}(E  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 e_z"<yq  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 :j4i(qcF  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 bP3S{Jt-|  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 [X=J]e^D  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 |C_sP,W  
    End Dialog :^*9Eb  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog avwhGys#  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) (14J~MDB  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 9<Kc9Z  
        Print "Execution cancelled." zm`^=cV  
        End BBUXoz  
    End If 3GUJlFj  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 9_5tA'Q  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then =h/0k y  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation +'fdAc:5',  
    Else '@ C\,E  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) L.1pO2zPe  
    End If Xh*p\ $  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then gt= _;KZ  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter W$_@9W(Bl  
    Else r-SQk>Y}  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Y/aNrI
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    End If p/GYfa dU  
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    Print " " JJe?Zu\  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" "Ca?liy  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" M.QXwIT  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation c7$U0JO  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness zZ\2fKrpg  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens KN"V(<!)~  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens <^,5z!z}  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens #Kp/AN5YC  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ,0=@cJ  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness >kJEa8  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ctg[C$<q|  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation hiN6]jL|O  
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    '************************************************************************* nS}XY  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) "77 j(Vs9  
    '************************************************************************* $A/$M\:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]c \gUU  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity T;u>]"S  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :"aCl~cy9g  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z LOkNDmj  
    count = 0 b6k'`vLA  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count fem>WPvG  
        GetOperation eID, count, op oKJj?%dHK9  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^BruRgc+  
            DeleteOperation eID,count p7A&r:qq#  
            count=count-1 ttwfWfX  
        End If i-b++R/WN  
        count=count+1 hl[!4#b]K  
    Wend HZ1e~IIw  
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    'Set new shift in ,ij"&XA  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" L##lXUl  
    op.val1 = taq Xh,{/5m  
    op.parent = parID &a>fZ^Y=k  
    AddOperation eID, op @Ee'nP   
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 'j)xryw  
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    '************************************************************************* Q`Q%;%t  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 'y [eH  
    '************************************************************************* J/j?;qx]j  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) T>&d/$;]  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic - T,;Fr'  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant $f-f0t'  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @eRR#
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    '************************************************************************* t&SC>8M<  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens X;7gh>Q'4  
    '************************************************************************* 1Z +3=$P  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _(}{=:M?  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !79^M  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost IRemF@  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost -;TqdL@  
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    '************************************************************************* Uj)~>V'  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) M ]dS>W%U  
    '*************************************************************************  eU"!X9  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) +-=w`  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) O!}TZfC  
    count = 0 Fg)Iw<7_2  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .$/Su3]K/  
        GetOperation eID, count, op y]B?{m``6  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,~-"EQT  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6.},y<E  
            count=count-1 C`z[
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        End If hHsCr@i  
        count=count+1 hBf0kl  
    Wend kzqW&`xn?  
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    'Set new z-shift Gpws_jw  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" wRn]  
    op.val1 = tlens ~F^(O{EG  
    op.parent = parID 0b9;vlGq$  
    AddOperation eID, op <=A1d\   
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens _ji"##K  
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    '************************************************************************* MzRwsf  
    'Lens index of refraction LfEeFF=#n  
    '************************************************************************* B]dvX  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) =B g  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat @UCGsw  
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    mat.Nd = nlens *Ppb;   
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 5t`< KRz)I  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ]a)o@FI  
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    '************************************************************************* QS:dr."k  
    'Pupil diameter ld8E!t[  
    '************************************************************************* }{Ab:+aNd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ?El8:zt?|  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) m?DI]sIv#  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;/w-7
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ~0"(C#l9  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) @:u>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) q(sEN!^L`  
    count = 0  n4;  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count k%|7H,7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op TbqH-R3W  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @>n7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count h.PV
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            count=count-1 b^[Ab:`}[V  
        End If e&WlJ  
        count=count+1 oc+TsVt  
    Wend hK F*{,'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1p&e:v  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 K.s\xA5`_  
    op.parent = parID u~WBu|  
    AddOperation eID, op t*Hr(|.  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ]X y2km]  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description H9}z0VI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `}t<5_  
    GetEntity eID, entity :.8@ xVH  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 4D+S\S0bk  
    SetEntity eID, entity hKVj\88  
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    Update v_M-:e3`  
    Print "DONE!" kr ,&aP<,  
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End Sub P2la/jN  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： SU>2M
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters \ZN>7?Vs  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm .nDB{@#  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 jSi\/(E  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 mhh^kwW  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 {}gx;v)  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 JZ=ahSi  
Set pupil diameter = 4 2F5
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DONE! lICpfcc(+  
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