[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 )eYDQA>J  
Zu21L3  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 /v#)f-N%zs  
^ve14mbF#.  
模型 #?Mj$ZB  
.!RavEg+  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 /0lC KU!=  
)(m0cP{7  
{.CMD9F[  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ?n]FNjd  
:#u}.G  
光源 ^.goO]  
CPviR<ms_  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 xWE8Wm  
*1^$.Q&  
3o6RbW0[  
!tNd\}@  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 jL>:>r  
pQWHG#?7  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 por/^=e{Y  
cozXb$bBY  
gR Nv-^  
~R]35Cp-#  
视网膜的散射 M#,Q ^rH#  
".U^ifF  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 x83a!9  
OH6^GPF6  
,gx)w^WTm  
PaO-J&<  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 9V 0}d2d  
UBZ9A  
j9R6ta3\l  
M\D]ml~  
脚本 |<qs  
]lBGyUJn  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： L":bI&V?:  
`bG7"o`  
U|@V 74  
*>q/WLR  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 }|wv]U~  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 izZ=d5+K  
9YN?  
分析 V[;M&=,"  

%.H
JK  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 QM<y`cZ8  
/rc%O*R  
LM)`CELsYc  
脚本代码 7 sFz?`-  
M+P$/Wk  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. `>lzlEhKV  
Y&.UIosWb  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY F<&!b2)ML  
Dim op As T_OPERATION $_;e>*+x  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ZC0-wr\  
Dim A As Double %O[N}_XHEh  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Uh6 '$0  
Dim eID As Long FMw&(  
Dim parID As Long zaimGMJ ,  
Dim count As Integer 8wZf]_  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double NjuiD].  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double YT#3n  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 9~\kF5Q"  
Dim ok As Long MCTsi:V>+  
~x:DXEV,  
Sub Main  .)tSg  
]0V}D,V($  
    '用户输入对话框 Qdk6Qubi!  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ]< l6s  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 S$q=;"  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 IM@tN L  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 b7`D|7D  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 )cJ#-M2  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 7[#yu2  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 LNYKm~cN  
    End Dialog `>C<}xO  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog CY:d`4  
D;}xr_  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) A7_4.VH  
g|X;ahTT  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 2
1X`h3+=  
        Print "Execution cancelled." {Ro2ouQ!V  
        End thlY0XCq,%  
    End If [lzN !!B!  
VosZJv=  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty gV;H6"  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then  mEG6  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation +n0r0:z0  
    Else X
N=67f$Hw  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) "p&Y^]  
    End If 0oZsb
\  
n: ui  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ipnV$!z   
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter *D}0[|O  
    Else Fxs;Fp  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) tc;'oMUP  
    End If S^@S%Eg  
Dr&('RZ4  
    Print " " f 3V Dv9(  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" gN8hJG'0  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" {Bs~lC$  
!3n)|~r;K  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation jd]s<C3o  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Pt:e!qX)  
GG064zPq7  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ,_aM`%q?Fj  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens <#=N m0S$  
- O98pi  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens XgN` 7!Z  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens :K`ESq!8u  
O4\Z!R60g  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness )UgX3+@  
6fH@wQ"wN  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction k(>h^  
RpWTp
T1  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation <9E0iz+j  
Y?CCD4"qn  
    '*************************************************************************  Amr[wx  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) l
t^\  
    '************************************************************************* WG*t::NN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) `g8E1-]l  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity kIw`P[  
gTgMqvt  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) CTt vyr  
 ~\,w {  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z @2pu^k^
  
    count = 0 t*z~5_/  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Re:jVJgBz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Y$N)^=7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then B]m@:|Q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 9I1tN  
            count=count-1 !CXt*/~  
        End If 3G.5724,  
        count=count+1 S)QAXjH  
    Wend S6}@I ,Q  
U4m9e|/H;z  
    'Set new shift in ]{"Br
$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &PkLp4mQ  
    op.val1 = taq Nx{$}  
    op.parent = parID 4h5g'!9-g  
    AddOperation eID, op Z3>N<u8)  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 gu#-O?B  
O^/Maa/D1  
    '************************************************************************* ]| N3eu  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens q@b|F-  
    '************************************************************************* +!QJTn"3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) (P&4d~)m  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 9lB]~,z  
kb[P\cRa  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant R@Gq)P9?  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 91Uj}n%  
f;/QJ  
    '************************************************************************* xs\!$*R  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens uB!kM  
    '************************************************************************* | 8qBm  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) b-3*Nl_%  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic GUF"<k  
4w#``UY)'  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost wApMzZ(X2y  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost !61Pl/uQ  
Pnd`=%w%]  
    '************************************************************************* nW;g2
8  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) D;UV&.$'v  
    '************************************************************************* dt~YW  
nXjP
x@  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) kId n6 Wx,  
8/0Y v
h  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) -P&6L\V  
    count = 0 mhW-J6u*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ##Z_QB(;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 5,)Qw  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,f1q)Qf  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ^(*n]  
            count=count-1 _EF&A-kX|u  
        End If `DT3x{}_S  
        count=count+1 -s9P8W  
    Wend )K'N(w  
aR,}W\6M  
    'Set new z-shift XUuu-wm:}  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" {EdH$l>94  
    op.val1 = tlens # O4gg  
    op.parent = parID Rq[ M29  
    AddOperation eID, op ID
.n1i3  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens rQ=,y>-*  
u_7~TE3W  
    '************************************************************************* lg047K   
    'Lens index of refraction 0flg=U9  
    '************************************************************************* 'R&uD~Q  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ,;M4jc{  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat xQw7 :18wQ  
O@?kT;B  
    mat.Nd = nlens q5>v'ZSo  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 8ssJ<
LP  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens PQ@L+],C  
31EyDU,W  
    '************************************************************************* w`l{LHrR  
    'Pupil diameter 8EVgoJ.  
    '************************************************************************* I|# 5NE6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) B75k^ohfj  
Jv.UQ  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) gIA@l`
"  
0(_l|PScF  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" v=('{/^~>  
m^x6>9,  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens :_Eqf8T  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Agrp(i"\@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" )  ^xPmlS;X  
    count = 0 p">EHWc}D  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "TH6o:x  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ~q&pF"va8  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then QM?#{%31  
            DeleteOperation eID,count $<ld3[l i  
            count=count-1 ]0L&v7[  
        End If udeoW-_  
        count=count+1 &CwFdx:Ff  
    Wend X*,Kb(3   
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Jjl`_X$CB  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 97)/"i e  
    op.parent = parID wCk
~CkC?  
    AddOperation eID, op k
i>~H!zB  
U\rh[0  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam xUfbW;;]UU  
.5!t:FPOv  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description  ["}rk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) eSW{Cb  
    GetEntity eID, entity UU8pz{/  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ~n}k\s~|4  
    SetEntity eID, entity O0>A+o[1F  
zS]8V?`  
    Update w\}?(uO  
    Print "DONE!" _j_x1.l  
     CkswJ:z)sc  
End Sub LSQz"Ll l  
!z{-?o/  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： gl&5l1&  
Ma|qHg  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters 4~U'TE @  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm X>?b#Eva  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 F]O$(7*  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 $4MrP$4TI  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 FYS/##r  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 {D g_?._d  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +/D>|loRC  
Set pupil diameter = 4 81*M= ?  
DONE! dJ?XPo"Cm=  
^uJU}v:  
7Ol}EPf#  
QQ：2987619807 n[YEOkiG