[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 [?K>s>it  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 %q5dV<X'c  
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模型 rLTBBvV  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 bEcs(Mc~  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. @i ~A7L0/  
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光源 d(IJ-qJN  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 rrL.Y&DTK  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Nu7>G  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 AJyNlQ  
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视网膜的散射 |_?e.}K  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 puPI^6y%  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 8"%Es  
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脚本 ,rMDGZm?  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 5G355 ,}E  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 \3hA_{ w  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Qvp"gut)%X  
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分析 ??F* Z"x  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 &n
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脚本代码 _mSefPl  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. m!7%5=Fc  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY uw\@~ ,d  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 6]v}  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL d-b04Q7DQ  
Dim A As Double &_L%wV|[  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ?%5VaxWJ
 
Dim eID As Long DFMpU.BN W  
Dim parID As Long TAXsL&Tz>  
Dim count As Integer <>6j>w_|  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double $z=%e#(!I  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Y(Oh7VwY*P  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 6qT@M0)i  
Dim ok As Long c|/HX%Y  
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Sub Main )R7Sh51P  
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    '用户输入对话框 3y)\dln  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 .I:rb~&  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 %mC@}  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 &vrQ *jX  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 #Ha:O,|  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 7I;kh`H$(f  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 8n3]AOc'~-  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 NifQsy)*%  
    End Dialog M FIb-*wT  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog x)C}  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 2iNLm6"  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed {VAih-y  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ?W'z5'|  
        End  Qxz[  
    End If Dck/Ea  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty z_>~=Mm  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then v +4v  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation Xc-["y64  
    Else es7;eH*O9  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) "L2*RX.R  
    End If y`RzcXblIZ  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then R&cTMd  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter )M0`dy{1  
    Else jt}Re,  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) FQ>$Ps*a[  
    End If k3bQ32()  
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    Print " " ebze_:  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" #}#m\=0  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" b/_Zw^DPC  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation JwMRquQv  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 9\"\7S/Z  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Nk9=A4=|  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ;7\Fx8"s[  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens d.+*o  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 3A,N1OXG  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness %gmx47  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction [r`KoHwdm  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation nZioFE}  
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    '************************************************************************* 4$R!)  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) k^}[+IFJ  
    '*************************************************************************  /!ElAL  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) nWsRauY  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity <PSz`)SN  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) THwM',6  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ;"&?Okz  
    count = 0 XKGiw 2 C  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eP2Q2C8g  
        GetOperation eID, count, op w9Yx2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tz]0F5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Y@ v][Q  
            count=count-1 \ZRII<k5)  
        End If g/C 7wc  
        count=count+1 3X(^`lAf)  
    Wend
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    'Set new shift in  Z`*V9  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" u[qy1M0  
    op.val1 = taq 9we];RYK  
    op.parent = parID U
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    AddOperation eID, op `&NFl'l1C  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 +(Y\w^@%H  
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    '************************************************************************* Z kw-a  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens =+X*$'<J  
    '************************************************************************* *wJ$U  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) l]|&j`'O  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic D&m1yl@\J  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant EG\L]fmD  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Wqv7  
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    '************************************************************************* il>+jVr  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens |!K&h(J|  
    '************************************************************************* No\#N/1@P  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #4|RaI|.  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !$HuH6_[  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost pXNhU88  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost w'}s'gGE  
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    '************************************************************************* I&|8 qx#  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) u&p8S#e  
    '************************************************************************* =3,<(F5Y[  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >kAJS??  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Mxz X@GBX  
    count = 0 ,dba:D=l  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count TPb&";4ROf  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 2;]tItd1  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]Q^8 9?  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [ 2@Lc3<  
            count=count-1 BfCib]V9C  
        End If |QzJHP @  
        count=count+1 ]Gl_L7u`  
    Wend e /
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    'Set new z-shift K~L"A]+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" X pXhg*}K  
    op.val1 = tlens jbOzbxR?  
    op.parent = parID ^(xVjsHp#  
    AddOperation eID, op kH=~2rwm  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens uJ*|SSN~  
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    '************************************************************************* r~;.8
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    'Lens index of refraction VAxk?P0j6  
    '************************************************************************* 0A~f ^  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :+DAzjwO<  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 7Ph+Vs+h  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ]:^kw$  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat B7ys`eiB5C  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens @7PE&3  
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    '************************************************************************* -JF|770i  
    'Pupil diameter DA4!-\bt@  
    '************************************************************************* U|h@Pw z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Iq": U  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 8&f"")

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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 8
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Z42v@?R.!W  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }Lwj~{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 13{"sY:PT#  
    count = 0 ;lWy?53=@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7]9s_13]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op s?K4::@Fv  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5p{tt;9[  
            DeleteOperation eID,count &<i>)Ss  
            count=count-1 8CSv
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        End If 2|w.A!  
        count=count+1 ;/{Q4X
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    Wend R}+/jh2O|  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" )@`w^\E_~_  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 XWy iS\  
    op.parent = parID |V~P6o(/  
    AddOperation eID, op &FvNz  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam qaGIU`}:$A  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description |QgXSe7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) s*#|EdD6@  
    GetEntity eID, entity izWl5}+'B  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 'Jl.fN  
    SetEntity eID, entity qP<,"9!I  
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    Update }>XSp)"{l  
    Print "DONE!" x?<5=,  
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End Sub tw3d>H`  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： =
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters O}f(h5!k  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm {4m"S7O  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 1W!n"3#  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 B# H  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 O}D
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 CC-:dN
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 =K>Z{%i  
Set pupil diameter = 4 -5 W0K}  
DONE! x[^A9  
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