[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 JZ/T:Hsh4  
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模型 B?9"Ztb  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 6S^JmYq  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ~)*uJ wW/a  
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光源 !ezy v`  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 pzb`M'Z?C  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 =d/
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 0a:@DOzT  
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视网膜的散射 YwZ]J  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 4jC7>mE  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Px&)kEQ  
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脚本 UQjYWXvi  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： G)&!f)6  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ;f /2u  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Zi<(>@z2  
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分析 9r ](/"=f  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 5>h/LE]"  
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脚本代码 X39%O'  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. |Rz}bsrZ  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY izLB4pk$  
Dim op As T_OPERATION dw'P =8d  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL q><wzCnRu~  
Dim A As Double umt(e:3f5  
Dim pupilDiam As Double " "S&zN  
Dim eID As Long G`f|#-}  
Dim parID As Long #4V->I  
Dim count As Integer ~J >Jd
 
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 3?TUt{3g  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double sn+ kFvk}S  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double f6
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Dim ok As Long B/B`=%~5_^  
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Sub Main f7Gs1{  
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    '用户输入对话框 }S{VR(i`J  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 *r ('A  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 SVPksr  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 j{@li1W@  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 a..LbQQ  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 "ZuA._
 
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 K{XE|g  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 WfQZ7e  
    End Dialog QN#tj$x  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog <2wC)l3j*  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Th4}$)yrkN  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 31N5dIi,  
        Print "Execution cancelled." bL|$\'S  
        End .-1'#Z1T  
    End If Gsy'':u  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty r+tHVh  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 9 $^b^It  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation NKiWt Z"  
    Else ~6{U^3  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) L#fK ,r8  
    End If Q1(4l?X@  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then W)L*zVj~  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 8Ep!  
    Else !:v7SRUXb  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) k|$?b7)"@  
    End If 
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    Print " " yoM^6o^
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" UDPn4q  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" v=DC3oh-  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 4r#4h4`y|  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness |{MXDx  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens (~fv;}}v  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens wGWv<<Qw"  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens DeI3(o7  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 77'@U(  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness QkYKm<b  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Z_mQpt|y  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation wM}AWmH  
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    '************************************************************************* yTf/]H]d  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) YUTI)&y  
    '************************************************************************* CtZOIx.;|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) q``/7  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity E@-5L9eJ\  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tRNMiU  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z >u]9(o7I  
    count = 0 WT}xCni  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count MjK<n[.  
        GetOperation eID, count, op h)s&Nqg1B  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @h(Z;  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 3mL(xpT.8z  
            count=count-1 g!Ui|]BI9  
        End If 2 ]n4)vv,  
        count=count+1 ZuKOscVS#T  
    Wend d+"
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    'Set new shift in ,[3}t%
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6q,CEm  
    op.val1 = taq V{X/yN.u  
    op.parent = parID f`8?]@y{  
    AddOperation eID, op }|)T<|Y;  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 g+Y &rz  
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    '************************************************************************* 8Nx fYA  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens |hX\ep  
    '************************************************************************* 4}Lui9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) u
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (3=bKcD'  

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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ->Fsmb+R  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 5?|y%YH;R\  
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    '************************************************************************* n*TKzn4E  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 5acC4v!T  
    '************************************************************************* ($gmN 4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) XANJA  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;u<F,o(  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost olm'_{{  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost vzF6e eaD  
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    '************************************************************************* g!i45]6[Nw  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) D;OPsNQ  
    '************************************************************************* Ex6Kxd}8  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) fc4jbPp:M  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) v!=e]w6{  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count TN/&^/  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Ga` 8oY+~  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then X?]Mzcu  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Z=l2Po n  
            count=count-1 CY"i|s  
        End If Hi U/fi`  
        count=count+1 IvI;Q0E-3  
    Wend `W7;-  
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    'Set new z-shift !:~C/B{  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" )&-n-m@E  
    op.val1 = tlens F5{GMn;j  
    op.parent = parID COd~H  
    AddOperation eID, op '=d y =  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens `.wgRUhFH;  
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    '************************************************************************* -$kbj*b##  
    'Lens index of refraction 0|{":i_s  
    '************************************************************************* (1'sBm7F  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" )  h}}7_I9  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat -*2b/=$u  
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    mat.Nd = nlens TLg 9`UA  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 5oOs.(m|*C  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens knWI7  
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    '************************************************************************* r%LG>c
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    'Pupil diameter ,pW^>J  
    '************************************************************************* ) urUaE  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 2(GLc*B>  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) YT@N$kOg_  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" }@53*h i(  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens }-&#vP~I  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) YLV$#a3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) /#}%c'  
    count = 0 t'C9;  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .o
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        GetOperation eID, count, op MF$NcU  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then z7a@'+'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count v^ 1x}  
            count=count-1 u;8
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        End If ^
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        count=count+1 ,- _ReL  
    Wend :5:_Dr<  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" =.9tRq  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 <q|eG\01S  
    op.parent = parID +:z%#D  
    AddOperation eID, op S7CD#Y[s  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ^Ux*"\/Es  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description > 'JWW*Y!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Ki3wqY  
    GetEntity eID, entity {dV!sQD  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ML X: S?  
    SetEntity eID, entity jF5oc  
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    Update 3N{ ZX{}  
    Print "DONE!" AOCiIPw  
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End Sub y(Q.uYz*  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： }iR!uhi#  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 8SMa5a{  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Js!Zk\O  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Zg!E}B:z  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 bJ6v5YA%  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 *\[GfTL  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 jyjK~!0  
Set pupil diameter = 4 !q*]_1  
DONE! PPNZ(j  
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