[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 uHI(-!O  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 'V7LL1K^>  
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模型 z&gmaYwq  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 J|BElBY  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 6o^>q&e}%  
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光源 2?~nA2+vm  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 R0=f`;  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 `Xos]L'w  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 |<c9ZS+  
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视网膜的散射 IMWt!#vuY  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 5b:1+5iF-  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 MZ"V\6T]  
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脚本 ''9]`B,:a0  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： sc]#T)xG  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。  b*Qd9  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 |6Y:W$7k  
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分析 C)U4Fr ?E:  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 "9xJ},:-  
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脚本代码 Y)k"KRW+  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. JAHg_!  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 2@MpWj4  
Dim op As T_OPERATION YA,.C4=s  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL yr},pB  
Dim A As Double ^!B]V>L-  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 3YLK?X8  
Dim eID As Long h1q3}-  
Dim parID As Long f1:>H.m`  
Dim count As Integer oqvu8"  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double }m<+tn3m  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double p8 S~`fjV  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double x9F*$G  
Dim ok As Long yreH/$Ou8  
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Sub Main pbG-uH^  
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    '用户输入对话框 (tA[]ne2  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 U>kaQ54/  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 <&[`
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ]A[}:E 5}  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 .~I:Hcf/  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Srw`vql{(  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 `}t5`:#k  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 (;g/
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    End Dialog |m\7/&@<  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog kR1 12J9P  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) x(>XM:|  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 5q4wREh  
        Print "Execution cancelled." .Od@i$E>&  
        End <>KQ8:  
    End If uLv  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty lre(]oBXA  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then nEUH;z  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 0Bgj.?l  
    Else 6 [bQ'Ir^8  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) |9i[*]  
    End If !gyW15z'  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then `!X8Cn  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter @
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    Else >G1]#'6;  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) r+Sv(KS4i^  
    End If 0{d)f1  
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    Print " " DQObHB8L  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" xGOmvn^lQ  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" DQ$m@_/4w  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ??Urm[Y
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness \Dr( /n  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Q-iBK*-w  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens c;KMox/  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens gr!!pp;  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 9h+TO_T@F  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness M!hD`5.3  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction #3>jgluM'  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation *k&V;?x|wt  
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    '************************************************************************* nql{k/6  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 6*1f -IbV  
    '************************************************************************* ( ?e Et&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,<7HLV  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity #xR=U"  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) =^zGn+@z  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z hBz>E 4mEv  
    count = 0 W3('1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Bs '=YK$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op J}-e9vK-#  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then o=zl{tZV  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 4j,6t|T  
            count=count-1 ifl LY7j  
        End If %b h:c5  
        count=count+1 a
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    Wend -:!Wds  
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    'Set new shift in S%?%06$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" J`; 9Z  
    op.val1 = taq (bpxj3@R  
    op.parent = parID mU[  
    AddOperation eID, op $E8}||d  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 J}bLp Z  
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    '************************************************************************* trA ^JY  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens oFzmH!&ED  
    '************************************************************************* ?{L'd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 2H] 7=j  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ,l,q;]C%  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ym` 4v5w  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant qx0F*EH|  
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    '************************************************************************* AYs
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens g^#,!e  
    '************************************************************************* #N"QTD|i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) O"X7 DgbC  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic pFBK'NE  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost [_
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost XKOPW/  
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    '************************************************************************* fU.z_T[@  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 2PNe~9)*#  
    '************************************************************************* $ \!OO)  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #*S.26P^4  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) bx-:aC)]2  
    count = 0 lG[j,MDs  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "d0D8B7HI@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op o>]z~^c  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `0+-:sXZ6  
            DeleteOperation eID,count +'VYqu/  
            count=count-1 L@?3E`4/v  
        End If wT,=C'  
        count=count+1 s._,IW;   
    Wend 4~
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    'Set new z-shift ]1[:fQF7/L  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]{t!J^Xn  
    op.val1 = tlens :+?rnb)N  
    op.parent = parID /*"pylm  
    AddOperation eID, op {=U*!`D  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens fMM%,
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    '************************************************************************* }Q6o#oZ  
    'Lens index of refraction : Hu{MN\  
    '************************************************************************* #D ]CuSi  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) )tS;g
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Ef@Et(f_mQ  
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    mat.Nd = nlens o?IrDQ2gmh  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat )4,U  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens I_R6 M1  
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    '************************************************************************* x2OAkkH\]i  
    'Pupil diameter rrphOG  
    '************************************************************************* mGJRCK_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) {/,AMJ<:G]  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) )$d~HA@B  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" zXbA$c  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens P>
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ovi^bNQ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) !?|xeQ}  
    count = 0 @Q;s[Kg{!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count m4'jTC$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 6V#EEb  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (I35i!F+tY  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {:Kr't<XzF  
            count=count-1 #k)t.P Q  
        End If NBLjBa%eL  
        count=count+1 A<(DYd1H  
    Wend &H+n0v  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" B$hog_=s  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 &rl;
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    op.parent = parID #~.RJ%  
    AddOperation eID, op U;!J(Us  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam #5{BxX&\  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description "{Y6.)x  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _c5*9')-)  
    GetEntity eID, entity ,@Kn@%?$  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" /?Mr2!3N  
    SetEntity eID, entity $q.}eb0  
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    Update 9b@yDq3hQ  
    Print "DONE!" ;BKU _}k=  
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End Sub 8lA,3'z  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： uv^x  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters k]`-Y E  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 4%I[.dBnM  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 >VX'`5r>uw  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 tCar:p4$  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 MX.?tN#F|H  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ErQ6a%~,  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 <iGW~COd  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Wcm8,?*  
DONE! ]0j_yX  
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