[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 _n@#Lufx  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ]re1$W#*  
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模型 ir-srVoXy  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 :o?On/  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ,]\L\V  
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光源 (e6JI]tz{  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 4,!#E0  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ({i}EC7{  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。
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视网膜的散射 NK;%c-r0v7  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 \]dx;,T  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 c1B<9_  
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脚本 Vw:.'-Oi  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： }7&.FV"  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 cu*8,*FU  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 >?>@&A/  
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分析 l{<+V)  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Ro3C(aRx  
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脚本代码 ~SUrbRaY>  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 3'tcEFkH  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY nMm4fns  
Dim op As T_OPERATION @
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 8*o*?1.  
Dim A As Double 4A0 ,N8ja}  
Dim pupilDiam As Double OBY^J1St  
Dim eID As Long z7TMg^9#  
Dim parID As Long mbT4K8<^  
Dim count As Integer `R[cM;c2  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double v2eLH:6  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double `|kW%L4  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 8R|!$P  
Dim ok As Long tSibzl~  
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Sub Main p1tqwV  
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    '用户输入对话框 oVlh4"y#Lf  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 4^uQB(}Z  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 V'b$
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 vYl2_\,Y?  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 3Ye{a<ckK  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 %M)LC>c  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 RZMR2fP%  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 zm>^
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    End Dialog 4
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog \dAs<${(  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 7b8+"5~  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed M02U,!di  
        Print "Execution cancelled." (8"advc6  
        End CghlyT  
    End If jD}G9=[$1  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty KC+jHk  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then xP{
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation *jQ?(Tf  
    Else LX'z
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) <n1panS  
    End If ^cDHC^Wm  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 9{*$[%d1  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Am ~P$dN  
    Else Cer&VMrQK  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) C))x#P36  
    End If RCqd2$K"J+  
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    Print " " gpw,bV  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ,ZV>
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" q
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ;mT  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness !S~0T!afF  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens vSnGPLl  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens x^zw1e,y  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens i 558&:  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;Zm-B]\  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Xj9\:M-  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction JIiS/]KQ  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation l*.u rG  
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    '************************************************************************* )+Y"4?z~  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) l6*MiX]q  
    '************************************************************************* ?$K.*])e  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) W{%X1::q$  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 'NMO>[.  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) M5a&eO  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z {/j gB"9  
    count = 0 ~t<G gNI  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count dVs=*GEl9  
        GetOperation eID, count, op uBK0+FLL@  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then zpD?5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count >0z`H|;  
            count=count-1 oJZxRm[g$t  
        End If 9W0*|!tQ,+  
        count=count+1 Lf)JO|o  
    Wend M1]}yTCd  
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    'Set new shift in j1;<3)%0  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" C :An  
    op.val1 = taq y/E:6w  
    op.parent = parID h'HI92; [  
    AddOperation eID, op hF{gN3v5  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 UZdGV?o ?  
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    '************************************************************************* {+m8^-T  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens F$-fj "jC  
    '************************************************************************* q_6fr$-Qh  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) TQu.jC  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 'ieTt_1.G  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ?YMBZ   
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 74ho=  
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    '************************************************************************* 1tq ^W'  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens dk^jv +  
    '************************************************************************* O,Tp,wT  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Rc:}%a%e  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic suzK)rJ9i  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost D;s%cL`  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost }K={HW1>  
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    '************************************************************************* < =~=IZ)  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) j^5YFUwsQg  
    '************************************************************************* eKy!Pai  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) cxQAp  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) }AA">FF'y4  
    count = 0 E}KGZSj  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ilde<!?  
        GetOperation eID, count, op m94PFD@N  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then <5D4h!  
            DeleteOperation eID,count n807?FORB  
            count=count-1 1)^\R(l  
        End If ZG0^O"B0  
        count=count+1 [|ZFei)r  
    Wend `kJ)E;v;3  
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    'Set new z-shift "9r$*\wOf  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" aoZ|@x  
    op.val1 = tlens p5$}h,7  
    op.parent = parID I5q$QQK  
    AddOperation eID, op `kuu}YUi  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens @"`}%-b  
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    '************************************************************************* pHoHngyi&  
    'Lens index of refraction S9Oz5_x  
    '************************************************************************* z]r'8Jc  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) jhf# gdz%  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat F \ls]luN  
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    mat.Nd = nlens YTFU#F  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat &:5*^1oP  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens vRH^en  
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    '************************************************************************* rbnAC*y8'L  
    'Pupil diameter  :`N
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    '************************************************************************* Nd]F 33|X  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 4/|x^Ky>G  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) COsmVQ.  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder"
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Bkd$'
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dkz% Y]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `v!. ,Yr  
    count = 0 +Ps.HW#NY  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9:4S[mz/hD  
        GetOperation eID, count, op !Pw*p*z  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then CyR`&u  
            DeleteOperation eID,count :-}K:ucaj  
            count=count-1 \KnRQtlI  
        End If =4MTb_  
        count=count+1 <HoCt8>U  
    Wend !{r2`d09n)  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" udqrHR5  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 9tJ0O5  
    op.parent = parID !nSa4U,$w<  
    AddOperation eID, op n!4\w>h  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam >Xk42zvqn  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 0WC\uxT7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) xcr2|  
    GetEntity eID, entity v1 8<~  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" w2.] 3QAZ  
    SetEntity eID, entity #+1|O;PB#  
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    Update g %mCgP  
    Print "DONE!" |-x-CSN  
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End Sub a2B71RT~  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ksC_F8Q+  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ~D9Cu>d9  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 20V~?xs~  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2{&A)Z!I  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 t
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 K>DN6{hnV;  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 d5l42^Z  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 !b+4[xky  
Set pupil diameter = 4 #"4ioTL2  
DONE! + f67y  
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