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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 &VQwuO  
    9cj=CuE  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 /CX<k gz@  
    }F1^gN&QF  
    模型 {ifYr(|p`  
    ;{Ovqo|  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 9$)4C|  
    wz:wR+  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    'etCIl3  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. X7n~Ws&s@  
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    光源 $ Q2|{*  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。  ;xry  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 x$A5Ved  
    ^M,Q<HL  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 {v2Q7ZO-  
    UQhfR}(  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 4!E6|N%f  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 ?(R6}ab>K7  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ' ;$2j~  
    m >'o&Hj  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 |EF*]qI  
    6wxQ_Qz:Q  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    Z!hDTT  
    脚本 fe&K2C%bm  
    9]d$G$Kv9  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: OcIJT1  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ! .!qJ%  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 o/9 V1"  
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    分析 w3B*%x)  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 M22 ^.,Z  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    0y6nMI  
    脚本代码 b-~Gt]%>m  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. }Z%*gfp  
    LN_6>u  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY >JnEhVRQJ9  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION I`FH^=  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 9jJ&QACn  
    Dim A As Double f}#pKsX.  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double h-#Glse<  
    Dim eID As Long  ;m7$U  
    Dim parID As Long x'n J_0  
    Dim count As Integer @(oz`|*  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double "-N%`UA  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Tb~(?nY5  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double [UFLL:_sC  
    Dim ok As Long 4Mnne'7  
    6%O"   
    Sub Main O cm  
    lSQANC'  
        '用户输入对话框 d}IVYI  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 <.RgMPi  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 V#5BZU-  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1  ^d4#  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 |W{z,e01x  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 y{5ZC~Z<!  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 .4.zy]I  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 #;2Ju'e#z  
        End Dialog v#=-  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog &!m;s_gi  
    TRX; m|   
        ok = Dialog (dlg) piY=(y&3  
    WG(tt.  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed A1Rt  
            Print "Execution cancelled." TzerAX^  
            End \ $z.x-U  
        End If S9-K  
    8?P@<Do%  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty >qCUs3}C{*  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then h6la+l?x  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation  t\u0\l>  
        Else ADlPdkmym  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) v8_HaA$5Y  
        End If UiF?Nx~  
     +'Tr>2V  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then |.)dOk,o  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter vM|?;QM  
        Else =Tb~CT=  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0|P RCq  
        End If 3`Y  
    I.1zD aP  
        Print " " vsHY;[  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" )!){4c/  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 'mG[#M/Y  
    w6v P a  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation RcMW%q$dG  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness M|6 W<y  
    bU(t5 [  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens <~vamim#K  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens .6f %"E,  
    jsfyNl? 6  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens >*B/Wy  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens x gnt)&7T  
    Xn9TQ"[4  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 8%>  Ls  
    69TQHJ[  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction k9'%8(7M:  
    pZ%/;sxYa  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation #&5m=q$EI  
    #V*<G#B  
        '************************************************************************* eHm!  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) j+w*Absh  
        '************************************************************************* D />REC^  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 3zGxe-  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity UYD(++  
    1E=%:?d  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) =-1d m+P  
    <s)+V6 \E  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z \y"!`.E7\d  
        count = 0 $ZH$x3;  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l7 j3;Ly  
            GetOperation eID, count, op w*uHB;?  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [ % KBc}  
                DeleteOperation eID,count b~y1'|}g  
                count=count-1 sq*d?<:3  
            End If "Z#97Jc+J  
            count=count+1 Fpzps!(;=  
        Wend _t 'Kj \  
    VfAIx]Fa  
        'Set new shift in n*{e0,gp`  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" v|<Dc8i+  
        op.val1 = taq i/NY86A  
        op.parent = parID +^1H tI|y  
        AddOperation eID, op K%1'zSAyK  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 F !tn|!~  
    yE. ZvvQA  
        '************************************************************************* `7LN?- T  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens v@&&5J|  
        '************************************************************************* .^X IZ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) sX^m1v~N|  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic mrS:|| ,_  
    Vdjf F&q  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 66,?f<b  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 9@nX 6\ ,  
    ahU\(=  
        '************************************************************************* %($sj| _l  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens P"cc$lB~I  
        '************************************************************************* L ![bf5T  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) bu1O<*  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic iL\<G} I  
    9(dbou  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost w[qWr@  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost gxycw4kz  
    A84I*d  
        '************************************************************************* ,/BBG\mJ  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) fpwge/w  
        '************************************************************************* l Ztq_* Fl  
    B- N  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) q*SX.A>YR  
    rg]eSP3 W  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) ~Yv"=  
        count = 0 }Gqx2 )H  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (x2I*<7P  
            GetOperation eID, count, op QHUoAa`6v  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \h~;n)FI  
                DeleteOperation eID,count N1jj\.nB  
                count=count-1 3+;]dqZ  
            End If ?_3K]i1IS  
            count=count+1 w&8gA[y*u  
        Wend cfyN)#9  
    DB-4S-2  
        'Set new z-shift $cHA_$ `  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" d}GO(  
        op.val1 = tlens .h-:) e*  
        op.parent = parID zjs@7LN  
        AddOperation eID, op  =P\H}?PF  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens AfpB=3  
    +e. bO5Y  
        '************************************************************************* d nWh}!  
        'Lens index of refraction @]" :3  
        '************************************************************************* r3<yG"J86  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ~Aq;g$IJZ  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat J 6U3}SO=y  
    ,~w)~fMb8  
        mat.Nd = nlens :(VD<"X  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat y,v*jE  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ymT&[+V  
    a]|P rjPI  
        '************************************************************************* C s?kZ %  
        'Pupil diameter @5K/z<p%  
        '************************************************************************* 3N|,c]|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) W2J"W=:z  
    BY.' 0,H=k  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) yeqZPz n  
    rIR~YMv!  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 7 [N1Vr(1  
    \74+ cN  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens /\"=egB9  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _"6{Rb53v=  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 6":=p:PT.  
        count = 0 );$_|]#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count f8'D{OP"G  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ^$c+r%9k  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then OV8Y)%t"  
                DeleteOperation eID,count |f;u5r!^=  
                count=count-1 7Rqjf6kX`O  
            End If jXB<"bw  
            count=count+1 d#cw`h<c~  
        Wend Q"n|<!DN  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" D6@c&  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 (Vnv"= (  
        op.parent = parID N '2Nv  
        AddOperation eID, op V\r!H>  
    7'\<\oT  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam &$ZJfHD@  
    9ar+Ph@*  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description gf7%vyMo$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?a+>%uWt  
        GetEntity eID, entity 9E~=/Q=  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" >xb}AY;  
        SetEntity eID, entity 42kr&UY&  
    q'9u8b  
        Update :t+XW`eQR:  
        Print "DONE!" tP8>0\$)  
         `2Rd=M]?  
    End Sub 6Ty;m>j  
    H5j6$y|I|N  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: qKag'0e  
    D&KRJQ/  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters {Hg.ctam  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm yU]NgG=z:-  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 qT}<D`\  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 \7o&'zEw  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Gv?3T Am8  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 E0]B=-  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Ib3n%AG  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 jz;N&62|  
    DONE! s>hNwb/  
    5jAiqJq~y:  
    Dz4e.tvN  
    QQ:2987619807 ;G_{$)P.o  
     
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