[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 6n6VEwYj  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 'UvS3]bSYW  
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模型 @FdCbPl$  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ,[}yf#8@J  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. F2PLy q  
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光源 K)Xs L  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 rv%ye H  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 oLqbR?  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 EB29vHAt~  
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视网膜的散射 V^`?8P8d  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Y0X"Zw  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 N,/BudFo  
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脚本 gaw4NZd)0  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ,\S pjE  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 }#ep}h  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 :PFx&  
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分析 4{*tn"y  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 oTF^<
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脚本代码 uEScAeQXsI  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ,W1a
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY C@y}*XV[b  
Dim op As T_OPERATION (Pk"NEP  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Ue{vg$5||  
Dim A As Double })
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Dim pupilDiam As Double kfqpI  
Dim eID As Long S]e j=6SP  
Dim parID As Long t_I\P.aMA  
Dim count As Integer m/YH^N0  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double zd*3R+>U'>  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double UT
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 6%g
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Dim ok As Long 9^ >M>f"  
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Sub Main )|w*/JK\Z  
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    '用户输入对话框 Lh8bQH  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 -,~;qSs  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 f{y]  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 <`R|a *  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 JcTp(fnW.~  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 |'V DI]p&  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1  SwdC,  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 E /fw?7eQ  
    End Dialog ]ZzoJ7lr  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ^Yj"RM$;N  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ="uKWt6n'  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed V19e>  
        Print "Execution cancelled." EKZ$Q4YE  
        End xT9Yes&  
    End If 8{R_6BS  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty J0^{,eY<  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then i(Ip(n  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation nK+lE0  
    Else 1s#yW
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) mD9STuA$H  
    End If j~M#Ss-H8  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0o=!j3RjH  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter s~S?D{!  
    Else z>4D~HX  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Tr}R`6d$  
    End If U?bG`. X  
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    Print " " :e1'o  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" JXpoCCe  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ,LhEshf  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ?n!lUr$:y  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness @Z?7E8(  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens |q3f]T&+>{  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 's)fO#  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens p1+7<Y:  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens |2z}Xm5\  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Z[Wlyb0  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction e#tIk;9Xz  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation *5e<\{!  
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    '************************************************************************* - $%jb2  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) F&xv z2G  
    '************************************************************************* Hw Z^D=A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) =(%*LY!Xc  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity l$F_"o?&S@  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  L#n}e7Y9  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z *2`:VFEV  
    count = 0 Qh^R Ax  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count zt?h^zf}  
        GetOperation eID, count, op cST\~SUm  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then I-,>DLG  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?FN9rhAC  
            count=count-1 W+8^P( K  
        End If %*6RzJO6  
        count=count+1 ' PELf P8  
    Wend *|oPxQCtK  
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    'Set new shift in EJ G2^DSS  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" D ZVXz|g  
    op.val1 = taq ?1CJf>B>  
    op.parent = parID V~85oUc\-  
    AddOperation eID, op )!A 2
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 D
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens F99A;M8(  
    '************************************************************************* 8 }-7{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 8)pB_en3sO  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic VgA48qZ  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant M|k&TTV  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant _%%yV  
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    '************************************************************************* )A"jVQjI%w  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 9\AS@SH{^T  
    '************************************************************************* X'@'/[?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) UT4f (Xo  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic =5ug\S  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost J?IC~5*2  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost &Pq\cNYzW  
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    '************************************************************************* |<rfvsQ.
 
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) B7!;]'&d  
    '************************************************************************* 9:-T@u  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 7/?DPwbx  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) b/nOdFO@  
    count = 0 wWTQ6~Y%d  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count EjSD4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op y@3kU*-1  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then oIb) Rq!m  
            DeleteOperation eID,count :CTL)ad2  
            count=count-1 \i0-o8q@I  
        End If D#jX6  
        count=count+1 #W|!fILL  
    Wend hM>*a!)U  
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    'Set new z-shift <Y>3  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" #V[SQ=>x[  
    op.val1 = tlens +i=p5d5  
    op.parent = parID RM,'o[%  
    AddOperation eID, op E*k([ZL  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens x> \Bxa8  
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    '************************************************************************* 43L|QFo  
    'Lens index of refraction Rg&19}BU  
    '************************************************************************* cy3M^_5B<  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) \XS]N_}8>  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat SA+d&H}Fc  
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    mat.Nd = nlens -!TcQzHUs  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat JYV\oV{  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens v9rVpYc"  
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    '************************************************************************* io2@}xZF  
    'Pupil diameter FJwt?3\u5  
    '************************************************************************* -B9S}NPo  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 7|Dn+=  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) `W"G!X-  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" hVUIBJ/5(-  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens DA=1KaJ.  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) <hv7s,i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) bSrZ{l  
    count = 0 "IwM:v  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count aZK
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        GetOperation eID, count, op z0Xa_w=  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then e$wt&^W  
            DeleteOperation eID,count gS$A  
            count=count-1
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        End If tU:FX[&?R  
        count=count+1 i03gX<=*  
    Wend 85z;Zt
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" z+/LS5$  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Q2c*.Y  
    op.parent = parID 9j#@p  
    AddOperation eID, op ETp'oh}?  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam pjN:&#Y]  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description J]fS({(\I  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Mr*|9h  
    GetEntity eID, entity $]*d#`Sy{%  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" A5XR3$
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    SetEntity eID, entity c7qwNs*f  
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    Update K@r*;T  
    Print "DONE!" GuO`jz F  
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End Sub RH1uVdJ1  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ,4Y*:JU4  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Q4wc-s4RN  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm *48IF33&s  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 #C\4/g?=,  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 <*
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 El6bD% \G  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 @\}YAa>>"I  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ]MAT2$"le  
Set pupil diameter = 4 C4NRDwU|.  
DONE! CgnXr/!L  
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