[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 t%=ylEPW  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 r_o2d8  
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模型 .Wb),  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 O,DA{> *m  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. kiXa2Yn*(d  
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光源
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 L1aN"KGMF  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 v1;`.PWD  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 QPGssQR6  
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视网膜的散射 bluC P|  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 /Bb\jvk-E  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 )L^WD$"'Q  
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脚本 ZfMJU  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： "IB)=Hc  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Ei}B9 &O  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 @8Co5`CVl  
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分析 RU#Q<QI(  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 nfl6`)oW  
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脚本代码 JTdK\A>l  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. BYwG\2?~  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY NjL,0Bp  
Dim op As T_OPERATION w_eLas%  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL |L0s  
Dim A As Double ~D 5'O^
 
Dim pupilDiam As Double $zDW)%nAX  
Dim eID As Long u5%.T0 P  
Dim parID As Long Lv#DIQ8y  
Dim count As Integer 
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double K2)),_,@5+  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double G4ZeO:r  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double l6a,:*_  
Dim ok As Long {8b6A~/  
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Sub Main %vyjn
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    '用户输入对话框 5AQ $xm4  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 e>"{nO
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 hm?-QVRPV  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 7?B]X%  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 R (4 :_ xc  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 4B!]%Mw;c  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 [+>$'Du  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 f+J<sk  
    End Dialog CEZ*a 0}=  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 6-<,1Q'D  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) eDIjcZ  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 0Tg/R4dI  
        Print "Execution cancelled." q4lL7@_  
        End 9A)(K,  
    End If W<k) '|  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty swe6AQ-  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 980[]&(  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 1rT}mm/e;  
    Else M HlP)'  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) lbTz  
    End If !dSY?1>U<  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ]D%D:>9|/  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Y KeOH  
    Else bWG}>{fj  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0t6s20*q  
    End If $OmcEd  
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    Print " " cM.q^{d`  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" W!V06.  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" w,9$*=k  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation xlv:+  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness \d%&_rp  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens -9vAY+s.  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens /Y%) Y  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens HO}aLp  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens q1`uS^3`  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ,k+jx53XV  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }a-i
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation IcI y
  
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    '************************************************************************* }DY^a'wJ-  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) j+PW9>Uh  
    '************************************************************************* 24>{T5E  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~iydp  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity `p*7MZ9-  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }0}J  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z JrYpZ.Nh  
    count = 0 ^7~=+0cF]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count JxNjyw  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Xl@nv9m  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kSoAnJ|  
            DeleteOperation eID,count _OHz6ag  
            count=count-1 g}L2\i688  
        End If x
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        count=count+1 L)HuQVc g  
    Wend _f{'&YhUU  
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    'Set new shift in t.485L%  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Op\l  
    op.val1 = taq 5-5qm[.;  
    op.parent = parID FV!  
    AddOperation eID, op ~$YFfv>  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 &.K=,+0_R/  
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    '************************************************************************* (:vY:-\ bO  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 6n45]?  
    '************************************************************************* |P>> ^,iUn  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 1!0BE8s"@  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic  }m\  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant oRmN|d ~4  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant QJvA  
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    '************************************************************************* %l5Uy??Z  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ?N&"WL^|  
    '************************************************************************* b?h"a<7  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) P;mmK&&  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic p+#uPY1#  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Z:u7`%  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost s:i$s")  
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    '************************************************************************* `SFI\Y+WDT  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 9iUkvnphh  
    '************************************************************************* "otP^X.  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -8#Of)W  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) U3ED3) D  
    count = 0 pc:~_6S  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count C(xdiQJh  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ^Me__Y  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then $*`fn{2  
            DeleteOperation eID,count li$(oA2  
            count=count-1 CP["N(fF  
        End If coyy T  
        count=count+1 =cX&H  
    Wend s)8g
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    'Set new z-shift {CYFM[V  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" u=p([ 5]  
    op.val1 = tlens sj0Hv d9  
    op.parent = parID {LrezE4  
    AddOperation eID, op u2@:[:Ao  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens dl;^sn0s  
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    '************************************************************************* gdNEMT  
    'Lens index of refraction s{'r'`z.  
    '************************************************************************* F3;UH%L1  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) _~-VH&g0R  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat m7cp0+Peo  
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    mat.Nd = nlens rcY[jF  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat "b|qyT* Sl  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens qMmh2a&  
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    '************************************************************************* m';:):  
    'Pupil diameter
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    '************************************************************************* @m<xpel  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) qI5_@[S*  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) FI Io{ru  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" }c:s+P+/  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens nulVQOj|  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?WKFDL'_0j  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Gh>Rt=Qu%  
    count = 0  wC}anq>>  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eYOwdTrq  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,KdDowc  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0h_9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?<%GYdus  
            count=count-1 6`J*{%mP  
        End If >h(n8wTP  
        count=count+1 hV)D,oN3  
    Wend Uz} #.  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" b>er'U  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 .-awl1 W  
    op.parent = parID .!/DM-C  
    AddOperation eID, op wzwEYZN(q  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam zgI!S6q  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 6c$ so  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) SDwTGQ/0  
    GetEntity eID, entity hs!a'
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" anxgD?<+B  
    SetEntity eID, entity >7V96jL$Y  
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    Update - 0R5g3^*/  
    Print "DONE!" :k*'MU}  
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End Sub ~:'tp28?  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 3LN+gXmU  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters BiT #bg  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ?x1sm"]p'  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ;h<(vc3@f  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 (~q.YJ'  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 LmWZ43Z"@  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 qIS9.AL  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 duFVh8  
Set pupil diameter = 4 1LYz X;H1  
DONE! (0dy,GRN  
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