[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ysIh[1E~%:  
vP@v.6gS,  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 3l<S}k@M)  
q_W0/Ki8  
模型 SHb(O<6  
bOp54WI-g  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 8x{B~_~  
\qvaE+  
,bE$| x'  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. @.$Xv>Jt$  
Q^K"8 ;  
光源 +z9@:L  
U!%!m'  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 V(MFna)  
oY~ Dg  
:HxA`@Ok  
9vNkZ-1  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 t&Os;x?To?  
=$8nUX`  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ./j,
Z$|  
p,pR!qC>  
K ]OK:hY4  
}0`nvA
f  
视网膜的散射 ,h\sF#|  
8 #X5K  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ;R=.iOn  
H`8``#-|@S  
f=!PllxL:  
j6~nE'sQ  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 *rZ^^`4R  
rKHY?{!  
{HC@u{K-  
Ogt]_  
脚本 U`Jy!x2m  
8By,#T".  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： j#~Jxv%n  
3bqC\i^[\m  
]W0EVf=,k  
)yY6rI;:  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Giq=*D+  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 DcIvhBp  
Glq8
5S  
分析 YI-O{U  
TvNY:m6.%  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 p2J|Hl|  
dt[k\ !-v  
KV|}#<dD  
脚本代码 [>#*B9  
Uw-p758dD  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. qjJBcu_C'S  
3ZTE<zRQ  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY ]J9cVp  
Dim op As T_OPERATION k+V6,V)my  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 8,O33qwH  
Dim A As Double !|2VWI}  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ]Ni$.@Hu$  
Dim eID As Long $rXh0g  
Dim parID As Long 7@.cOB`y@3  
Dim count As Integer [ rNXQ`/  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ,U)"WLmY  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Bb&^{7  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double FtufuL?JS  
Dim ok As Long ,:Vm6u!  
?Y:x[pOe  
Sub Main 5#3W5z  
C=uZ1xg*,  
    '用户输入对话框 1tCQpf  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Z'^U ad6  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 n/QF2&X7)  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 D2YZ9e
  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 VHOfaCE  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 9p$V)qd
X  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 \JG8KE=j  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ~,D@8tv  
    End Dialog 1%M&CX  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog M >:]lpRK  
9/SXs0  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) O_$dI*RK  
d;Hn#2C  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed h@7FY  
        Print "Execution cancelled." z|G9,:9  
        End 4fh^[\  
    End If zeP}tzQO  
@=w<B4L  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty [w -{r+[  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then _a_xzv'  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 2:}fe}  
    Else i$^)UZJ&0  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ~5ZvOX6L2  
    End If Xf=XBoN|  
"O+5R(XT  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then d-bqL:/  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 4vK8kkW1  
    Else qP!eJ6[Nh"  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Xqp|VbDca  
    End If yTE%hHH]&[  
3>
zN/f  
    Print " " wI
M{pK  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" RO\gax  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" L+B?~_*  
DPe]daF  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation d "BW/%m|g  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ^\ ?O4,L  
g}&hl"j  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens HLQ"?OFlz  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens PYB+FcR6?n  
@J[6,$UVu  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ]u-SL md  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens g1(Xg.  
gOT+%Ab{_  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 5_K5?N  
39e;  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction @#+jMV$g  
lM\LN^f5*  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation `|1MlRM9  
I4H`YO
D%  
    '************************************************************************* I9$c F)zk  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) I^*'.z!4Q  
    '************************************************************************* VvByHcLv  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Q^}%c U0  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity !2Dy_U=  
~>G]_H]?  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) WV;=@v  
[{[N(g&d  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z W:&R~R  
    count = 0 NX* O_/  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count {hSGv
  
        GetOperation eID, count, op S6nhvU:  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then u%
|zc=  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ,7]k fB  
            count=count-1 ^jdL@#k00  
        End If CDMfa&
;T  
        count=count+1 [y)FcIK}  
    Wend ,reJ(s  
'iSAAwT2aj  
    'Set new shift in p?(L'q"WK  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" CF y}r(q  
    op.val1 = taq HgBJf~q~U  
    op.parent = parID L/}iy}  
    AddOperation eID, op k@!r#`j3  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 uE_c4Hp  
]rd/;kg.S  
    '************************************************************************* l
1_X(Z._V  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens \L!uHAE2a  
    '************************************************************************* `%K`gYhG1  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) m/&i9
A  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :LJ7ru2  
yFIy`9R  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant -*VKlZ8-  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ={(j`VSUX0  
XaI;2fMGI  
    '************************************************************************* ?dy~mob  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 7l8[xV  
    '************************************************************************* BW[5o3 i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 8@K^|xeQ  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic uq7T{7~<  
y+mElG$F  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost U)jUq_LX  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost *3{J#Q6fk3  
}F1s tDx  
    '************************************************************************* u4'z$>B  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) kN9yO5h7  
    '************************************************************************* 1IH[g*f  
:{g7lTM  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) =WZ%H_oxi  
I@7/jUO  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) HQVh+(  
    count = 0 Y)HbxFF`/  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count '8Wv.X0`  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 60B-ay0e$b  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then v#w_eqg  
            DeleteOperation eID,count E:A!wS`"  
            count=count-1 cf8-]G?tK  
        End If T{MC-j _T9  
        count=count+1 Ueyw;Y  
    Wend =V$j6  
#!#z5DJu  
    'Set new z-shift 2hOPzv&B  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" f@z*3I;  
    op.val1 = tlens <!x+eE`  
    op.parent = parID _vYzF+  
    AddOperation eID, op 0Qd%iP)6  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens `| 9Ku  
1M5 -pZ[D  
    '************************************************************************* =&U`9qN  
    'Lens index of refraction z]#hWfM4B:  
    '************************************************************************* >]$aoA#  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) |HbEk[?^s  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat >9(i)e  
Q_P5MLU>  
    mat.Nd = nlens =Sxol>?t  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat &TT":FPR  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens }=@zj6AC  
!oMt_k X  
    '************************************************************************* g()m/KS<  
    'Pupil diameter tHI*,  
    '************************************************************************* D s-`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) J/Q|uRpmqr  
{yq8<?  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) f'{>AKi=C  
jxY-u+B  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 'DAltr<  
Yo2Trh  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ~775soN  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0n5UKtB  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }iNY_I c  
    count = 0 k&GHu0z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -
9G]x{>  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 9*pG?3*I  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !<Z{@7oH  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Zoow*`b|$U  
            count=count-1 |=3 *;}  
        End If ?)cJZ>$!w  
        count=count+1 .cR*P<3O
 
    Wend (!n-Age  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" N$Hqa^!'T  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 `^%GN8d}nm  
    op.parent = parID 1g i}H)  
    AddOperation eID, op . bG{T|  
A?S
m-#n{  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 6Bdyf(t  
^<9)"9)m_  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description >B~?dTm  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9p<:LZd~  
    GetEntity eID, entity E& ]_U$  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 6D^%'[4t  
    SetEntity eID, entity -A@U0=o  
I"V3+2e  
    Update )dg UmN
 
    Print "DONE!" w4}(Ab<Y  
     ZOHRUm  
End Sub +~:0Dxv W  
B}5XRgq  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： DZAH"
sb  
4`0;^K.  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters D[W}[r  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm &|] Fg5  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 },3R%?89%  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 UJs?9]x>  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 PDZ)*$EE  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 -AeHY'T  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 <^'{ G  
Set pupil diameter = 4 (QhAGk&lu  
DONE! |vN$"mp^a  
<M>#qd@c  
e)og4  
QQ：2987619807 Oi#k:vq4