[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 /A>1TPb09"  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 B5
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模型 b_GAK  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 K?H(jP2mpM  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.  H;Cv]-  
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光源 {!37w[s~  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 "Tc[1{
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 W24n%Ps  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 SS"Z>talw  
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视网膜的散射 cDqj&
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 :?z E@Ct  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 B6"pw0  
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脚本 "7_qB8\  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： un(fr7NW  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 w"?E=RS  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 8,YxCm ie  
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分析 MRL,#+VxA  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Jej-b<HmQ  
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脚本代码 a#i%7mfn  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Q5pm^X._j  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 0fU^  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 8WRxM%gsH  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL uq_h8JH$  
Dim A As Double R22P ol
 
Dim pupilDiam As Double Mq2[^l!qu  
Dim eID As Long @iD5
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Dim parID As Long tx{tIw^2;  
Dim count As Integer rkC6-9V  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double +yYSp8>  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 1$adX  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double {qkd63X  
Dim ok As Long {uuvgFC  
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Sub Main tx
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    '用户输入对话框 =| M[JPr  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 8/* 6&#-  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 5Pu
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 2gbMUdpp  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Pw_[{LL  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Je~d/,^WU  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 A`qb
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 B)`^/^7  
    End Dialog *^
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog ]VS$ ?wD  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 0kB!EJ<OdG  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed H<6/i@ly  
        Print "Execution cancelled." UCP4w@C  
        End Cq,hzi-  
    End If CF k^(V"  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty )wwQv2E  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then * 5Y.9g3)Q  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation =w&<LJPJ  
    Else 1@Zjv>jy[  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) M1f^Lx  
    End If }uE8o"q  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then fC4D#  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter `y!6(xI  
    Else GL_a`.=@  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) \4.U.pKY  
    End If H.ZmLB  
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    Print " " kFG>Km(y}  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" @Pc]qu  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 2e
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation =*YK6  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness $I7/FZP  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens J0U9zI4  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens b:}`O!UBw  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens <(Wa8PY2(  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness dsP1Zq  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction :I5]|pt  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation e_wz8]K)n  
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    '************************************************************************* C'hI{4@P  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) )CzWq}:  
    '************************************************************************* q($lL~Ls  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Xz=MM0o  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity rSD!u0c[  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) OH28H),}  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z X?b]5?K;r  
    count = 0 2oAPJUPOJ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }B_n}<tjD  
        GetOperation eID, count, op KLXv?4!  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then hltH{4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~u&3Ki*x  
            count=count-1 )Xa`LG=|  
        End If !UD62yw~  
        count=count+1 Fz16m7.  
    Wend L;xc,"\3  
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    'Set new shift in &G@*/2A  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^6+P&MxM  
    op.val1 = taq _
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    op.parent = parID I<.3"F1}  
    AddOperation eID, op 2|o6~m<pE  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 w?.0r6j  
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    '************************************************************************* $6:j3ZTXrt  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens uG3t%CmN  
    '************************************************************************* w&v_#\T  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) f&(u
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /MSz{ %v  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ]}F_nc2L  
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    '************************************************************************* T"t3e=xA  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 6@!<'l%z  
    '************************************************************************* c\.4I4uy  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) [e ;K$  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic PBr-<J  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost J']1^"_'  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost HPpKti7g  
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    '************************************************************************* ZSYXUFz  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) }MrRsvN  
    '************************************************************************* Hbx=vLQ6  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -U"(CGb5  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s)
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    count = 0 sxl29y^*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count " 9 h]P^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op rjQV;kX>  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }9>W41  
            DeleteOperation eID,count +=Crfvt  
            count=count-1 j,Qp*b#Qo  
        End If lW?}jzuo  
        count=count+1 $~50M5&K#  
    Wend FbJlyWND  
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    'Set new z-shift ,S:LhgSP  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" a7nbGqsx  
    op.val1 = tlens k%/Z.4vQG  
    op.parent = parID D>~z{H
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    AddOperation eID, op vl2!2X  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens )fpZrpLXE  
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    '************************************************************************* %Ox*?l _  
    'Lens index of refraction yFshV\  
    '************************************************************************* QOEcp% 6I}  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) _%;$y5]v  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat L=VJl[DL  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 7 \!t/<  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat W<xu*U(A  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens GTNN4  
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    '************************************************************************* y0M^oLx  
    'Pupil diameter 5
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    '************************************************************************* tV9nC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) B~V^?."  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) uYhm Fp  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" My76]\Psh  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens F# y5T3(P  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) V?t^ J7{'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) tVvRT*>Wb  
    count = 0 1xar L))  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /^G1wz2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op H@qA X  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then s6lo11  
            DeleteOperation eID,count CQW#o_\  
            count=count-1 ^9%G7J:vGO  
        End If GP<A v1  
        count=count+1 81O`#DfZ  
    Wend ow!utAF  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6UG7lH!M  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ?gY^,C
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    op.parent = parID 'mXf8   
    AddOperation eID, op SHOg,#
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam |yx]TD{~P  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Pb]: i+c)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |`1lCyV\tE  
    GetEntity eID, entity uK6R+a  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" HJo&
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    SetEntity eID, entity |77.Lqqy,  
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    Update )pJ} $[6  
    Print "DONE!" )gYsg  
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End Sub CH[U.LJQ-O  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： [fiB!G]?  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters pwtB{6)VH{  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 7xTgG!>v  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 0?8O9i  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 rkugV&BhV  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Uoe;4ni  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 dlmF?N|EC  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 XZD9vFj1Z  
Set pupil diameter = 4 r:]t9y>$<  
DONE! }:<`L\8q\  
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