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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 K3m/(jdO  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 }&D WaO]J7  
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    模型 nF:4}qy\  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Hio0HL-  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. e{H=dIa+  
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    光源 ~=LE0.3[  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 G4;Oi=  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 @1j   
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 =XQ%t @z0  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 R\f+SvE  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 >R_&Ouh:  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 HJH{nz'Lw  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 29b9`NXt  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 3?yg\  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: } OR+Io  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Fm 2AEs\  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 w9imKVry  
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    分析 :Yl-w-oe  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 3"i-o$P  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 ITBE|b  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. BWrxunHO  
    !pW0qX\1n  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY x9g#<2w8  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ND;#7/$>  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ~mxO7cy5Cg  
    Dim A As Double Lq^)R  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double fr3d  
    Dim eID As Long WT=;:j  
    Dim parID As Long <'*LRd$1  
    Dim count As Integer 7$=In K  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double VA5xp]  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double f6Ah6tb  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double HV|,}Wks6s  
    Dim ok As Long 4HlQ&2O%#  
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    Sub Main NLqzi%s  
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        '用户输入对话框 EQM {  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 cwg"c4V  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 %u'u kcL7  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Q2gq}c~  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 /4Gt{yg Sr  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 :I#V.  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Xv^qVn4  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 iBa A9  
        End Dialog :o3N;*o>)0  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ux4POO3C|  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) #6=  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed k,*XG$2h  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 4r}51 N\  
            End hgq;`_;1,  
        End If g 7H(PF?  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty z03K=aZ  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then })%{AfDRF  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation `c$V$/IT  
        Else 2^7`mES  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) @yYkti;4-  
        End If ~"!fP3"e  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then l/5 hp.  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 6gDN`e,@  
        Else H5|;{q:j  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) hZb_P\1X  
        End If ;xTpE2 -~  
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        Print " " :ws<-Qy  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" f o3}W^0  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" gSj,E8-g  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation $`8wJf9@w  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 8oGRLYU N  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens QT}tvm@PMq  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens d'> x(Yi  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens V7/Rby Q  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens *un^u-;  
    ?Bmb' 3  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness * T1_;4i  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction kJR`:J3DJ  
    %C]>9."  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ]:n,RO6  
    7yQ4*UB  
        '************************************************************************* 4,ag(^}=  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) *4 n)  
        '************************************************************************* |s_GlJV.  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ALHIGJW:6$  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity =_^X3z0  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 46;uW{EY  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z rm_Nn8p,  
        count = 0 :(%5:1W  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count j8gdlIx  
            GetOperation eID, count, op iy"*5<;*DD  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =(^3}x  
                DeleteOperation eID,count L/[K"  
                count=count-1 O/LXdz0B  
            End If HaYo!.(Fv  
            count=count+1 2mU.7!g)  
        Wend : Dp0?&_  
    6LhTBV  
        'Set new shift in AQ Ojit6p  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" }m8q}~>tL  
        op.val1 = taq -\MG}5?!  
        op.parent = parID I1J-)R+  
        AddOperation eID, op GvAb`c=  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 O.M 1@w]  
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        '************************************************************************* x1a:u  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Gw` L"  
        '************************************************************************* lq uLT6]  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) nt<]d\o0  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic P<-@h1p,  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant k7^5Bp8=  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant (m$Y<{)2  
    g)B]FH1  
        '************************************************************************* OTv)  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens JGZBL{8  
        '************************************************************************* r_d! ikOT(  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) {..6>fS  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic @F>D+=hS  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost IGgL7^MF  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost XP}<N&j  
    ?A0)L27UE&  
        '************************************************************************* 8CE = 4  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) `@%LzeGz  
        '************************************************************************* 7$#u  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y>LBl]  
    =|9!vzG4  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) l"]V6!-U  
        count = 0 F[MFx^sT{  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count YZ7.1`8  
            GetOperation eID, count, op d=^z`nt !R  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Xc.`-J~Il  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ABkl%m6xf  
                count=count-1 ipz5H*  
            End If zeRyL3fnmb  
            count=count+1 [B3RfCV{  
        Wend ^sZ,2,^  
    hGrdtsH?  
        'Set new z-shift )}v l\7=  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" /Kbl%u  
        op.val1 = tlens !m$jk2<  
        op.parent = parID 8k79&|  
        AddOperation eID, op Z:gyz$9w  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *ui</+  
    !9x}  
        '************************************************************************* xD$\,{  
        'Lens index of refraction 5-M-X#(  
        '************************************************************************* =c7;r]Ol  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 'q.!|G2U  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat t<qiGDJ<d  
    7z-[f'EIUI  
        mat.Nd = nlens ,?3G;-  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 5 dg(e3T  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens QW"! (`K  
    +[P{&\d4}  
        '************************************************************************* {Ha57Wk8D  
        'Pupil diameter \v/[6&|X0s  
        '************************************************************************* g&.=2uP  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) iQ{VY ^ 0  
    r*Xuj=  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @pxcpXCy  
    @ |r{;'  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Mp]rUPK  
    8ipez/  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 4\i[m:e=@  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .^g p?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 7o4\oRGV  
        count = 0 > P)w?:k  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count cZ06Kx..  
            GetOperation eID, count, op cNH7C"@GVu  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ElXFeJ%[G  
                DeleteOperation eID,count liSmjsk  
                count=count-1 `{Ul!  
            End If Cyp'?N  
            count=count+1 \DzGQ{`~m  
        Wend W%J\qA  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" A=4OWV?  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 j#6.Gq  
        op.parent = parID 0aAoV0fMDz  
        AddOperation eID, op o}!PQ#`M  
    Yw9GN2AG  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Ls%MGs9PI  
    F\! `/4  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description If.r5z9  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) n|;Im&,  
        GetEntity eID, entity _j3fAr(V  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" BzzTGWq\  
        SetEntity eID, entity xfQ1T)F3g  
    26nx`w?j(  
        Update $^ P0F9~0  
        Print "DONE!" 4Up/p&1@  
         z@Y;r=v  
    End Sub #F#%`Rv1  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: SdWV3  
    >/|*DI-HJ  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 6 r"<jh#  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm  `]X>V,  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ..qCPlK;  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 :>*7=q=  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 / +\9S  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 8RX&k  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 /\Ef%@  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Z7#+pPt!  
    DONE! $k?>DP 4  
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    . ^u,.  
    QQ:2987619807 i$@:@&(~Y  
     
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