[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 +k{l]-)1  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ^O
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模型 FG5YZrONx  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 1deK}5'  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. cXIuGvE&=  
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光源 k[a5D/b  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Z\S'HNU  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 FvyC$vip  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 4hWFgk  
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视网膜的散射 ,T8fo\a4  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 +a|u,'u  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 J:dNV<A^  
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脚本 9=9R"X>L  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： uiq;{!dop  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 W:1GY#Pe  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 t<yOTVah  
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分析 z<u@::  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 3gz4c1 s^:  
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脚本代码 \SA$:^zO  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. q&@q/9kz  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ol@LLT_m  
Dim op As T_OPERATION o%l|16DR  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL '+iqbcUd,  
Dim A As Double
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Dim pupilDiam As Double ILT.yxV  
Dim eID As Long |r/4 ({n  
Dim parID As Long ''wF%q  
Dim count As Integer !;.nL-NQ  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double gg QI  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double /@9-D 4  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Hv .C5mo  
Dim ok As Long z/t+t_y  
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Sub Main "%)^:('Ki  
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    '用户输入对话框 S@eI3PkE  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Y?V>%eBu  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 av}pT)]\  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 gfU!sYZ  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 P*6&0\af|  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 \bumB<w(]  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 j:J{m0  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 -,}ppTG  
    End Dialog qJLtqv  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog hFr?84sAd  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) e"6!0Py#*  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ($Y6hn+  
        Print "Execution cancelled." |T^c(RpOE  
        End or..e  
    End If 3bPF+(`J  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty "jEf$]  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then $.-\2;U  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation psZ #^@>mJ  
    Else nK5FPFz8  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) >$p|W~x  
    End If 5<KY}  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ( mKuFz7  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter $r87]
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    Else H}B%OFI\+  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) "Rv],O"  
    End If isR|K9qf^  
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    Print " " 5cE
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" o$_,2$>mn  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 9Lv"|S`5W_  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation J)leRR&  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness enJgk(  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens  ]7yr.4?a  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens \,5OPSB  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Y
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens k(.6K[b  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness !*@sX7H  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction .y~vn[qN  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation &KS*rHgt?  
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    '************************************************************************* `gFE/i18  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) EFNi# D8s  
    '************************************************************************* V O= o)H\  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) mE}@}@(  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity d`+@ _)ea  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) n6Qsug$z  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z s35`{PR  
    count = 0 c_#+xGS!7  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l@OY8z-_  
        GetOperation eID, count, op H<`<5M8  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then at-+%e  
            DeleteOperation eID,count nF!6  
            count=count-1 !ENDQ?1  
        End If vRQ7=N{3  
        count=count+1 ecRY,MN  
    Wend ?' :v):J}  
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    'Set new shift in TppuEC>  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Dxlpo! ?#  
    op.val1 = taq JgmX=6N  
    op.parent = parID R@8pKCL.  
    AddOperation eID, op ZcLW8L  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 c?0.>^,B Q  
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    '************************************************************************* ;0c -+,  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -FGQn |h4  
    '************************************************************************* :K)7_]y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) .*(xkJI3  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ~0 Ifg_G  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 4,]z  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant j@HOU~x  
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    '************************************************************************* %A^V@0K3  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens O;dtz\  
    '************************************************************************* [<,i}z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) FP_q?=~rFs  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (/a#1Pd&  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 6B=: P3Y  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost !5}u\  
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    '************************************************************************* L<62-+e`  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 1XpG7  
    '************************************************************************* R0A|}Ee*  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) :yi?<  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) E;tEmGf6F  
    count = 0 g]Jt (aYK  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count
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        GetOperation eID, count, op $~+(si2  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5w+KIHhN|  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 9Gc4mwu  
            count=count-1 X;&
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        End If tSVWO]<  
        count=count+1 6|G&d>G$_  
    Wend Db`SNk=  
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    'Set new z-shift n(h9I'V8)F  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" xMs!FMn[  
    op.val1 = tlens h4#y'E!,Z  
    op.parent = parID v6C$Y+5~  
    AddOperation eID, op |ns B'Q  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 1]A$  
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    '************************************************************************* hl]q6ZK!6  
    'Lens index of refraction 0H/)wy2ym  
    '************************************************************************* *671MJ9  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 3%[;nhbA7  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1PB"1.wnd  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ?:42jp3  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 7,lnfCm H  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 8g0VTY4$jP  
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    '************************************************************************* 7 'q *(v  
    'Pupil diameter 0MI4"<  
    '************************************************************************* "vka7r  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) x:K~?c3  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Yu$QL@  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" V1&qgAy~  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens @jxP3:s  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) AU
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) \$4 [qG=  
    count = 0 mCyn:+  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4`B3Kt`o  
        GetOperation eID, count, op n_4 r'w  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kV+%(Gl8  
            DeleteOperation eID,count UCt}\IJ  
            count=count-1 >qz#&  
        End If *4ido?  
        count=count+1 hUC157  
    Wend PjD9D.  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" e\em;GTy  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 `*l aUn  
    op.parent = parID +CM>]Ze  
    AddOperation eID, op : eCeJ~&E  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Mg~4) DW]  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description _%[po%]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [j}JCmWY   
    GetEntity eID, entity :r>^^tGT!  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" T]JmnCX>:  
    SetEntity eID, entity %.m+6 zaF  
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    Update $g^D1zkuDT  
    Print "DONE!" %vv`Vx2  
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End Sub &+n9T?+b  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： jU $G<G  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 41x"Q?.bY  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm *a\6X( ~  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 qJag>OY  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 lYTQg~aPm  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ~nTj't2R  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 m8=n`XI  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 lLp,sNAj  
Set pupil diameter = 4  vTgx7gP  
DONE! @0'U p  
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QQ：2987619807 J\Hv
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