[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 q#AEu xI1  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。
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模型 L3I$ K+c  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 JR`$t~0t  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. *RS/`a;,  
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光源 M4)U [v  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 A!!!7tj  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 4$VDJ  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 }d}sC\>U  
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视网膜的散射 m BvO<?ec  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 J(}PvkA  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 >Du=(pB  
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脚本 KJyCfMH&:@  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： pqO0M]}  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 $)NS]wJ]3  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 T5T%[Gv  
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分析 %`
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 n
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脚本代码 P6kDtUXF  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. |*JMPg?zI  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY zx<PX
 
Dim op As T_OPERATION rkji#\_-FV  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ;SI (5rS?  
Dim A As Double (" :Dz_  
Dim pupilDiam As Double >ymn&_zlT  
Dim eID As Long ) ??N]V_U  
Dim parID As Long v\dQjQu8m  
Dim count As Integer #&)H&H}  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double KF#^MEw%  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double vC>2%Zgf-  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double .F$}a%  
Dim ok As Long Pa0W|q#?X  
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Sub Main \E,2VM@6  
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    '用户输入对话框 ox`Zs2-a  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 !;8Y?c-D  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 s9"X.-!  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 }Fu1Y@M%  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 x&DqTX?b,  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 0,~s0
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 xltN-<n7  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 \5&Mg81  
    End Dialog Gr\jjf`  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Qq.$!$  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 7"2BZ  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed f_O|  
        Print "Execution cancelled." +o4o!;E)  
        End 8hS^8  
    End If i/-IjgM"-  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty oQh;lb  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then `q]' ^EzJ  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation XdThl  
    Else ]tu OWR  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) w^8Q~3|7  
    End If Tv7W)?3h  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then +|bmUm<2  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter SujEF`"  
    Else l=9D!64  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) =7TWzUCO#  
    End If |-vyhr0  
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    Print " " Eh;Ia6}  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" A4(L47^  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" l opl  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation }2S!;swg+  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness G3|23G.~)(  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens cHr]{@7Cs  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens i#YDdz  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens H#GR*4x  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens !lzj.|7=1  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness f5bX,e)!  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction %LC)sSq{H  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation i/ o  
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    '************************************************************************* Eyf17  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) fXnTqKAfu6  
    '************************************************************************* jN{k }  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) \I i#R  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity U[;ECw@  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l]DRJ  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z p=[dt  
    count = 0 Hh](n<Bs  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Z{(Gib~{N  
        GetOperation eID, count, op g-#eMQ%J  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *tZ3?X[b  
            DeleteOperation eID,count |:(BI5&S  
            count=count-1 ;w%g*S  
        End If !#]kzS0  
        count=count+1 fU.hb%m)Q\  
    Wend >/.jB/q  
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    'Set new shift in 0j;|IU\  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2\$<&]q  
    op.val1 = taq ]lJ#|zd8o  
    op.parent = parID )rA\+XT7  
    AddOperation eID, op .ZQXY%g  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Zq1> M'V;  
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    '************************************************************************* jj `0w@  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ,t1s#*j\!q  
    '************************************************************************* _mdJIa0D6k  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) )`5-rm~*  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic m|cR
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant )}w-;HX  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ]]V=\.y  
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    '************************************************************************* 0x'Fi2=`  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens . VI #  
    '************************************************************************* z5:3.+M5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) u_WW uo  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 3joMtRB>;  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 8v;T_VN  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost I GcR5/3  
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    '************************************************************************* R<h0RKiM@  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 9D%~~~ %b  
    '************************************************************************* Eh_[8:dK  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~ C_2D?  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) y7*^H  
    count = 0 5o(=?dXm4  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v g tJ+GjN  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ;rF:$37^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tK <)A)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count S 1Ji\  
            count=count-1 Q([g1?F9*  
        End If FUPJ&7+B  
        count=count+1 V
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    Wend VxAR,a1+n  
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    'Set new z-shift 3^&pb  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,%m$_wA$  
    op.val1 = tlens tQ?}x#J  
    op.parent = parID p/s5[>N  
    AddOperation eID, op }S&SL)  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens q%^gG03.  
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    '************************************************************************* Md m(x
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    'Lens index of refraction UuA=qWC  
    '************************************************************************* sAc)X!}  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) *KV]MdS  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat |y=D^NTG  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ma*9O |v^  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat {k~$\J?.  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens u09OnP\  
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    '************************************************************************* PwNLJj+%  
    'Pupil diameter 9k"nx ,"  
    '************************************************************************* (/Y gcT  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) `0 F"zu  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ]g
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;j_#,Da9<  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens &k{@:z  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) KoXXNJax  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) XJ NKM~
 
    count = 0 {5z?5i ?D  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,!py n<_  
        GetOperation eID, count, op O 1X !  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ia"bP` L  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Vis?cuU/  
            count=count-1 |m EJJg`"7  
        End If 0UB'6wRVo  
        count=count+1 U&a]gkr  
    Wend nMbV{h ,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" E|Lh$9XONA  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 G0&w#j  
    op.parent = parID BzUx@,  
    AddOperation eID, op Q\z*q,^R  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam p.IfJ|  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Tuy*Df  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~gDtj&F  
    GetEntity eID, entity ]-`{kX  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" #sHP\|rA  
    SetEntity eID, entity \^:f4Z
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    Update 8UZEC-K  
    Print "DONE!" *Ee# x!O  
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End Sub d$Xvax,C  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： u@3w$"Pv1  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters #,;k>2j0  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm i xyjl[G  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ;Os3 !  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 m ;vN
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 J{ Vl2P?@  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 _8>"&1n  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 1WKDG~  
Set pupil diameter = 4 *dl@)~i  
DONE! RinRQd  
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