[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 IIPf5 Z}A  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 +u#x[xO  
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模型 |(V3  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 XVfQscZe  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. DkIkiw{L  
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光源 7jPmI  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 phdN9<Z  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 twn@~$  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ?Y9?x,x  
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视网膜的散射 u;!Rv E8N  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 */)gk=x8  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 >W<5$.G  
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脚本 #5D+XBT  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： A@ME7^w7  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 |>4{4  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 LPO" K"'w  
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分析 tpN}9N  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 A=K1T]o  
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脚本代码 q4{tH  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. H~Cfni;  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Xhi?b|  
Dim op As T_OPERATION :X f3wP=  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL [78 .%b'  
Dim A As Double wNZ7(W.U  
Dim pupilDiam As Double U:r2hqegd  
Dim eID As Long 5MJ'/Fy(  
Dim parID As Long %Qq)=J<H;  
Dim count As Integer ]Ho`*$dD  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double #4M0%rN  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double P
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 1tdCzbEn+  
Dim ok As Long 3iw9jhK!W  
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Sub Main :(Bi{cw  
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    '用户输入对话框 Ks
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 5b p"dIe  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 V-jL`(JF%  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Vi WgX.  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Ziimz}WHF  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 @k<~`S~|  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 03
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 99K+7G\{  
    End Dialog R:N-y."La.  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog _+iz?|U  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) U.OX*-Cd  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed W?-BT >#s  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Ah{pidUx  
        End ;4$C$r!t  
    End If "6Uj:9  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty NCt sx /C  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then yan[{h]EZ  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation @~3c"q;i7  
    Else `gN68:B  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 3:lp"C51  
    End If x35s6  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then !U:s.^{  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter "%*lE0Tx  
    Else Ws)X5C=A  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) W+e*(W|d6  
    End If  twmJ  
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    Print " " I?Fa
  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 9X9zIh]JV  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm"  **w~  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation `e>F<{ M6@  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness z/k~+-6O  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Q0Qm0B5eY  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ?^ezEpW  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens o~_>p/7;  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens /(ju  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 2%C5P0;QX  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction |!5T+H{Sj  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Z !25xqNCd  
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    '************************************************************************* *jw$d8q2  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) DPQGh`J  
    '************************************************************************* F%Umau*1  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Tv,.  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity H9Q7({v  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0k0c   
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z bSR+yr'?  
    count = 0 )]?egw5l  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Jo aDX ,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op G
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^}/ E~Sg7\  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ZHD0u)ri=J  
            count=count-1 D4O5@KfL  
        End If eOPCYyN  
        count=count+1 3p 1EScH  
    Wend G<-9U}~76  
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    'Set new shift in ^x"c0R^  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" NU&^7[!yl  
    op.val1 = taq dFP-(dX#  
    op.parent = parID u4,X.3V]A  
    AddOperation eID, op ]
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ]RXtC*  
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    '************************************************************************* u~- fK'/!|  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens JlDDM %  
    '************************************************************************* ?WQd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) eIUuq&(  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *- IlF]  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant M`+e'vdw  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant r5!x,{E6  
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    '************************************************************************* UK~B[=b9  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens kV:FJx0xP  
    '************************************************************************* r]JC~{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ' MS!ss=r  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic T5dUJR2k$  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost }]g95xT  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost L>~@9a\jO  
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    '************************************************************************* VU`z|nBW@  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 4)odFq:  
    '************************************************************************* FJd8s*  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >1a\%G  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) uH ny ]  
    count = 0 I`"-$99|t1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +\k9w.[:/  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3Zaq#uA  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >FY&-4+v  
            DeleteOperation eID,count i{|lsd(+  
            count=count-1 AFINm%\/0  
        End If KcmDF4C2
 
        count=count+1 4C,kA+P  
    Wend Z[})40[M  
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    'Set new z-shift <;z[+6T  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Esz1uty  
    op.val1 = tlens L_Y9+ e  
    op.parent = parID !v-w6WG"  
    AddOperation eID, op |6sT,/6  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens RP~vB#}  
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    '************************************************************************* -- i&"  
    'Lens index of refraction 'NT#
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    '************************************************************************* 7wiK.99  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) %="~\1y  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat JNxW6 cK  
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    mat.Nd = nlens dysX  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ^o $W  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens a9D gy_!Y  
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    '************************************************************************* v:veV.y  
    'Pupil diameter u}-d7-=  
    '************************************************************************* &*(n<5wt  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 670J{b  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 00`bL  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ^i{,z*vi  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ;f".'9 l^
 
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) < 72s7*Rv  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) DL'd&;6  
    count = 0 B#HnPUUK  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count A+0T"2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op q4sl=`L5Sp  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ",~ b2]ym  
            DeleteOperation eID,count j}|N^A_ S  
            count=count-1 y\F`B0#$  
        End If PoYr:=S?  
        count=count+1 CDQJ bvx  
    Wend _L*f8e8  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^H5w41  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 _-@ZOhw&  
    op.parent = parID b:fxkQm  
    AddOperation eID, op W$z#ssr  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam /J1S@-  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description :FoOQ[Q  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) H<V+d^qX\w  
    GetEntity eID, entity %:" RzHN  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" =:
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    SetEntity eID, entity hf_R\C(c  
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    Update r@|R-Binz  
    Print "DONE!" r> Fec  
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End Sub !?BW_vY  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： xh{mca>?
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters hX0RET  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm OfD@\;L  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Vn)%C_-]A  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 V)2"l"Kt  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 >oe4mW  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 5XzrS-I+X@  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 !IO&&\5  
Set pupil diameter = 4 hbVE; 9  
DONE! IKvd!,0xf  
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