[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 9yU(ei:GUo  
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模型 >K }j}M%  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 )-D
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. {}r#s>  
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光源 T5* t~`bfU  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 bC_qoI<   
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 z_Em%
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 F1m 1%
  
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视网膜的散射 :{:R5d(_I  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ,8=`Y9#  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 V*xo3hU  
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脚本 >XTDN  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： D<V[:~-o  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 +JyD W%a:L  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 &@g~o0  

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分析 EC`!&Yp+  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 f*Z8C9)  
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脚本代码 *Sd}cDCO%  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. y\a@'LFL  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ID{62>R  
Dim op As T_OPERATION )$EmKOTt:  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL FfeX;pi  
Dim A As Double Ch] `@(l  
Dim pupilDiam As Double v&7yqEm}B  
Dim eID As Long "3&bh>#qY  
Dim parID As Long L=7Y~aL=  
Dim count As Integer 9Dat oi  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double EgE%NY~  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double vkR,Sn  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double `, lnBP3D"  
Dim ok As Long 4Nb&(p  
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Sub Main r$8(Q'  
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    '用户输入对话框 (h8RthQt  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 8QJ^@|
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 DB=^Z%%Z  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 /JqNiqvh  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 i?HN  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Z2t'?N|_  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 )ajF ca@v  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 q0m>NA   
    End Dialog S9 p*rk~  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog K/flg|uZ/V  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) iQT$#"m n  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed &UFj U%Z%  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 'DhH:PR  
        End ,J@A5/B,AA  
    End If JEL.*[/  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty RJ+["[k  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then -$2B!#]3
 
        A = 0           'Default accommodation HV?Q{XK.b  
    Else iBXS   
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 4[XiD* *  
    End If &6@#W]_  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then rOo|.4w  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter )N'-Ap$g  
    Else F97HFt6{  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) U =i=E}'  
    End If ;irAq
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    Print " " o>l/*i
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" lf9mdbm  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" N51e.;  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation my}l?S[2d@  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness )*`cJ_t  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 4/N{~  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens +HSKFp  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ]r(&hqdR  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens \c\z 6;j  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 0F-%C>&g  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 3
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation oXgi#(y  
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    '************************************************************************* V6!1(|  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) hQ80R B  
    '************************************************************************* >$:_M*5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) v\G+t2{  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity )qeed-{  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (7A-cC  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z *3A)s O  
    count = 0 H$k2S5,,z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l_i&8*=Px  
        GetOperation eID, count, op *cy!PF&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2I>`{#fV  
            DeleteOperation eID,count c2Yrg@) [  
            count=count-1 Xk9 8%gv  
        End If :;URLl0  
        count=count+1 uhvn1"  
    Wend oqa8v6yG'  
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    'Set new shift in h1+y.4   
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" bWg!/K55  
    op.val1 = taq V)Ze>Pp  
    op.parent = parID 4XgzNwm  
    AddOperation eID, op <T`&NA@%~$  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 YZZog6%  
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    '************************************************************************* 6){nu rDBG  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens c+ukVn`r  
    '************************************************************************* &R,QJ4L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) PB;j4  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 'Gqo{wl  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant YM&i  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <N8z<o4rku  
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    '************************************************************************* Gx;-1  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens srryVq
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    '************************************************************************* ~BC~^D&WD  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) +ctJV>  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [8'^"  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost er.;qV'Wz6  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ,0aRHy_^  
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    '************************************************************************* KtcuGI/A  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 42=
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    '************************************************************************* /Q2HN(Y  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Rnw v/)  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) T'-kG
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    count = 0 (s,u9vj=>L  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ut^6UdJ+`  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ;v5Jps2^]  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [tkP2%1  
            DeleteOperation eID,count d0YQLh  
            count=count-1 '[p0+5*x  
        End If Xb.# =R  
        count=count+1 ({mlA`d]  
    Wend bO+e?&vQ%  
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    'Set new z-shift )CD-cz6n  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" {Z}zT1kA  
    op.val1 = tlens cd
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    op.parent = parID #:=*n(GT  
    AddOperation eID, op ~H:.&'E  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens a*qc
  
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    '************************************************************************* &%4A3.qE  
    'Lens index of refraction EMf"rGXu(  
    '************************************************************************* 7Mb-v}  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) sOm&7A?  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ,"f2-KC4h  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Bp/25jy  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat QG 1vP.K  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens BOme`0
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    '************************************************************************* \R,8xID_t  
    'Pupil diameter *l)}o4-$  
    '************************************************************************* rSKZc`<^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) gp4@6HuUd  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) lL*"N|Y  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Hd{@e6S  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens }^azj>p5  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ddEV@2F  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }Io5&ww:U  
    count = 0 [E0.4FLT!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Dyh|F\T  
        GetOperation eID, count, op $spk.j  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then HxNoV.q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 0A F}wz>  
            count=count-1 c"pu"t@/Z  
        End If ORhvo,.u  
        count=count+1 I~ e,']  
    Wend ._6e#=  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8>
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 .QB)Y* z  
    op.parent = parID 0xc|Wn>  
    AddOperation eID, op RU% 4~WC  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam O|*-J  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description !rff/0/x"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N]&:xd5  
    GetEntity eID, entity @k\npFKQm  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" {=9"WN
 
    SetEntity eID, entity [I=1   
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    Update !_
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    Print "DONE!"  e,T^
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End Sub /.Jq]"   
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： CM;B{*En  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters z|O3pQn~  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm $8>II0C.  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 *@g>~q{`  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6@I
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 9z7rv,  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 HH|N~pBJB  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 |};-.}u^`h  
Set pupil diameter = 4 1'b}Y8YO  
DONE! tfVlIY<  
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