[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 l{kum2DT  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 UF?qL1w  
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模型 DRal{?CH  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 *S7<QyVh  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. F6yMk%  
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光源 *!vwW T  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 xM[m(m  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 )A,MTi  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 wgY:W:y'N  
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视网膜的散射 `i;f  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 n' &:c}zKO  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 @w?hXK=  
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脚本 T@Mrbravc  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： e-Mei7{%  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 c<Fr^8  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 h8'
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分析 EZypqe):/C  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 OlI|.~  
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脚本代码 u7L&cx  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. gaV>WF  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY X;'H@GU0  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Ce_k&[AJF  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL pr-=<[ d  
Dim A As Double bf@H(gCW=  
Dim pupilDiam As Double t\S=u y  
Dim eID As Long -aPRLHR  
Dim parID As Long K,j'!VQA4g  
Dim count As Integer $\Oc]%  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double owQSy9Az  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double *!NxtB!LC  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double /F@CrNFb(  
Dim ok As Long <<w*_GM  
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Sub Main }ff+RGxLIG  
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    '用户输入对话框 [3D*DyQt  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 TsVU
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 u'`eCrKT*  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 l$Y*ii  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 p?-qlPl  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 _TntZv.?  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 zCji]:  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 N2 4J!L  
    End Dialog y~Z7sx0  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog WIKSz {"=/  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Y#[xX2z9  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed *q
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        Print "Execution cancelled." )sN}ClgJ  
        End q{Ao j  
    End If 9$f%  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 4ibOVBG:*,  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then fDjJdRS"  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ;&c9!LfP  
    Else (h"-#q8$  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) UMUG~P&@  
    End If WeZ?L|&%w0  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then T].Xx`  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter dk/f_m  
    Else >=1Aa,_tc  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) uN&UYJ'B  
    End If XFSHl[uS1  
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    Print " " # Rhtaq9  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" K2
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ',Y`\X  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation !?)aZ |r  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness i
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens m<sCRWa-  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens &G!~@\tMg  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens <!=:{&d%  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens BdB9M8fM  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness & LhQr-g  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction mWF\h>]|.  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation CC)Mws+2  

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    '************************************************************************* @ 3rJ$6W  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) f}EsS  
    '************************************************************************* -HF1c  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) D@%!|:  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity b,x$wP+  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tIk$4)ZAl  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z cx[[K.  
    count = 0 lS|F&I5j  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xb2j |KY7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `(r0+Qx  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [0D.+("EW  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 
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            count=count-1
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        End If 9*P-k.Bl  
        count=count+1 5Y
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    Wend W=y9mW|p/  
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    'Set new shift in X4L@|"ZI  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Gd`s01GKQ  
    op.val1 = taq &14xYpD<  
    op.parent = parID 558!?kx$  
    AddOperation eID, op wlQ @3RN>  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 85q!FpuH  
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    '************************************************************************* >`^;h]Q  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens #r,!-;^'p  
    '************************************************************************* fZ(k"*\MZ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 7Y)i>[u3  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Wngc(+6O&  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ju!V1ky  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant W
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    '************************************************************************* <E:_9#Z0sc  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens %jJIR88  
    '************************************************************************* _C=01 %/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Nxt`5kSx=  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic fymmAfaR  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost x_9#:_S'  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost s)Xz}QPK.  
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    '************************************************************************* Q3'P<"u  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 5~$WSL?O)  
    '************************************************************************* Y-,S_59  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,."wxP2u  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) a5(9~.9  
    count = 0 YV'B*arIA  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?BbEQr  
        GetOperation eID, count, op t~$8sG\  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3BAQ2S}  
            DeleteOperation eID,count '$VP\Gj.  
            count=count-1 $h}w:AV:  
        End If T+S\
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        count=count+1 ]bbP_n8  
    Wend 8bf@<VTO_  
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    'Set new z-shift wv=U[:Y  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" '@zMZc!  
    op.val1 = tlens Bc`L]<  
    op.parent = parID Urol)_3X  
    AddOperation eID, op
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens HG)$W  
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    '************************************************************************* WEoD?GLS8  
    'Lens index of refraction =iB$4d2  
    '************************************************************************* 6W~JM^F  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 8Q0/kG  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat *^XMf  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Iu(]i?Y  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 99%R
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens NBAOVYK  
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    '************************************************************************* ~@e=+Z  
    'Pupil diameter %s;5  
    '************************************************************************* A'"J'q*t  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 9!0-~,o  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) |+Z-'k~Q  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" yr*~?\  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens muDOY
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |QQ(1#d  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) NCYOY  
    count = 0 k^#*x2b  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  Y=H_U$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op gc b8eB,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E_P,>f  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Hq&MePl[  
            count=count-1 9|NF)~Q}'  
        End If ')iyD5/4  
        count=count+1 %|ioNXMu  
    Wend PG@C5Rnu  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2Ky|+s[`[  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 vg1E@rH
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    op.parent = parID &'/bnN +R  
    AddOperation eID, op ]vw%J ^7:a  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam %`s1 Ocvp  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description +:/.\3v71  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0LTsWCUQ6e  
    GetEntity eID, entity AmUH]+5KT  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 9)n3f^,Oj*  
    SetEntity eID, entity X|4Kdi.r@  
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    Update R <&U]%FD  
    Print "DONE!" 31F^38  
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End Sub +S1h~@c:B  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： MRHRa  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters T?1e&H%USV  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm d_&~^*>  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 "y ;0}9]n1  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 YWDd[\4  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 l{\k\Q!4  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 _Om5wp=:  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 R$">
 
Set pupil diameter = 4 ?}S~cgL -  
DONE! a,:Nlr3  
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