[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 @XOi62(  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 2w?G.pO#  
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模型 vW' 5` %  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 H?}wl%  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 015Owi  
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光源 ;mO,3dV  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ,VD6s!(  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 '7nJb6V,0l  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 &]nd!N  

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视网膜的散射 ^now}u9S6  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 |vy]8?Ak  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ci7~KewJ*  
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脚本 K<,Y^3]6?  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 0^>E`/  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 v,\93mNp[  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 R+^zy"~  
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分析 `9EVB;  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 5}SXYA}  
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脚本代码 }9Qf#&o  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. pU[K%@sC  
#! @m y  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY N K"%DU<  
Dim op As T_OPERATION IuWX*b`v  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL SbJh(V-pr  
Dim A As Double F25<+1kr  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 3qcpf:  
Dim eID As Long 9R:(^8P8  
Dim parID As Long tD^a5qPh  
Dim count As Integer (v|`LmV  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 8a!2zwUBV  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double %9YA^ri  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double u p~@?t2  
Dim ok As Long MZiF];OY  
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Sub Main a?\ `  
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    '用户输入对话框 @YrGyq  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 9>zDJx  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 |Qq+8IeYG  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 j5A\y^Kv  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Q5T(nEA  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 DUPmq!A  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 k^yy$^=<  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 SJF2k[da  
    End Dialog (77Dif0)'  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog TQ2i{e
 
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) 6<Be#Y]b  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed '&{(:,!B  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 9Iy[E,j  
        End l85CJ+rg  
    End If @hBx,`H^  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ~CJYQFt  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ;p.j  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation @]yQJuXA&Z  
    Else !zl/0o  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) q2D`1nT  
    End If <|wmjW/D  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then DvU~%%(0^  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter r$Kh3EEF`E  
    Else hiT9H5 6>  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) @D2`*C9  
    End If (2 mS v  
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    Print " " %{c2lyw  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" H?ieNXP7{  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 8g&uE*7N  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation WJP`0f3  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness mfUKHX5  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens V}p*HB@:  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens C3^X1F0  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens X6n|Xq3k  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens $K;_Wf  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness A/r;;S)%2  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ;o&_:]S  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation !<JG&9ODP  
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    '************************************************************************* <$Xn:B<H  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ntd ":BKi  
    '************************************************************************* #IcT @(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >0[qi1  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ^2P;CAjj-  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) p=je"{  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z JT}dor  
    count = 0 im_0ur&'  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \["1N-q b  
        GetOperation eID, count, op B]CS2LEqh  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %DHP
 
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;L MEU_  
            count=count-1 .l" _K  
        End If LKoM\g(  
        count=count+1 Xb8:*Y1'  
    Wend C:TuC5Sr  
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    'Set new shift in `3H?*\<(
 
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7zi^{]  
    op.val1 = taq Ji)a%j1V9  
    op.parent = parID %t(, *;  
    AddOperation eID, op c>%z)uY>/  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 rYP8V >  
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    '************************************************************************* rmAP&Gw I  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens '{1W)X  
    '************************************************************************* gGceK^#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) >(YPkmH  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic &)/H?S;yN  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant P,LXZ  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant xw/h~:NT  
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    '************************************************************************* l)2HHu<  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens jn#N7%{Mk  
    '************************************************************************* !F}J+N=}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 7m@^=w  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic }(hYG"5  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost "m\UqQGX  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost bsmoLT  
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    '************************************************************************* @[Jt~v  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) dk, I?c&  
    '************************************************************************* QL|:(QM  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) S{r)/~/  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) a5Acqa  
    count = 0 xaq=?3QOH  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \!4ghev3  
        GetOperation eID, count, op au9Wo<mR  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &t=>:C$1Y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count J 6d n~nPK  
            count=count-1 Duo#WtC  
        End If D2wgSr
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        count=count+1 qS[p|*BL  
    Wend cq+M *1;  
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    'Set new z-shift >t6'8g"T  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" \Lh<E5@]  
    op.val1 = tlens 1rzq$,O  
    op.parent = parID ."#jN><t  
    AddOperation eID, op I! eSJTN  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens U*Q5ff7M6"  
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    '************************************************************************* L)//- k9  
    'Lens index of refraction B}xo|:f!zj  
    '************************************************************************* gQcr'[[a  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) DF&jZ[##  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat :e9jK[)h0  

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    mat.Nd = nlens 7=ga_2  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat RAkFgC~  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens do?n /<@o  
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    '************************************************************************* t>=y7n&q  
    'Pupil diameter HjY-b*B  
    '************************************************************************* :+V1682u  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) g>oYEFFJ  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) +cOI`4`$  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" nO7o7bc  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens aw@Aoq  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4lKbw4[a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "5DAGMU  
    count = 0 Q Fqv,B\<  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :?XHZ
  
        GetOperation eID, count, op V6!73 iY  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0FR%<u  
            DeleteOperation eID,count e~~k}2~  
            count=count-1 s&_O2
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        End If *9:6t6x  
        count=count+1 %T*+t"\)  
    Wend HyYQQ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" L$kAe1 V^m  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 =y(YMWGS  
    op.parent = parID Ch!Q?4  
    AddOperation eID, op KI QBY!N+  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam (C_
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description (cew:z H  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (tz]!Aa{s  
    GetEntity eID, entity #CP, \G  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Wjk;"_"gd  
    SetEntity eID, entity F`}w0=-*(  
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    Update s!!t  
    Print "DONE!" p. ~jo  
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End Sub ;p"XCLHl  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ;= @-j@?  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters j/IZm)\  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm zLK ~i>aW  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 m95$V&  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 toZI.cSg4  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 3E@&wpj  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 &rWJg6/  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 nt`l6b  
Set pupil diameter = 4 T.dO0$,Q@$  
DONE! Kd1\D!#!6  
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