"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith on4HKeO
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition p?02C# p
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1 Introduction (Lb bc+1m
1.1 Lens Design Books ]_)yIi "
1.2 Reference Material j ` EXlc~
1.3 Specifications GV1pn) 4
1.4 Lens Design dB{Q" !
1.5 Lens Design Program Features p'Y^ X
1.6 About This Book CT&|QH{
i}cRi &2[
2 Automatic Lens Design 8=!D$t\3
2.2 The Merit Function XgZD%7
2.3 Local Minima ]a>n:p]e
2.4 The Landscape Lens AzPu)
2.5 Types of Merit Function y#`tgJ:
2.6 Stagnation &eJfGt5
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing irZ])a
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization +5)nk}
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems Mc) }\{J
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits W <'m: dq
2.11 Spectral Weighting zOJ% }
2.12 How to Get Started &1Ok`_plO
VM ZMG$C
3 Improving a Design B.=FSow
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 11 NQR[
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 82+r^t/.
3.3 Splitting Elements M*0]ai|;
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 7 W5@TWM
3.5 Compounding an Element -uS!\
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses TP*hd
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem X;$+,&M"
3.8 Balancing Aberrations #`^ }PuQ
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle a,,ex i
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces j;zM{qu_
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design -E[Kml~U
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation :@Pl pF K
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance U4'#T%*
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations $t +,Tav
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ~g91Pr
4.5 Fabrication Considerations XPc^Tq
#m xP w
5 Lens Design Data cZ,b?I"Q%
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs !|(-=2`
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots $ Gf(38[w
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 2Ah#<k-gC;
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF p
T?}Kc
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots cVv=*81 \
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot AI2)g1m
MpT8" /.]A
6 Telescope Objective 70?\ugxA
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet )D
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6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective r `=I
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective M/f<A$xx_
6.4 Spherochromatism 38 B2|x
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration @mCEHI{P
6.6 Induced Aberrations &u."A3(
6.7 Three-Element Objectives "S[ 450%
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) , >a&"V^k
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet "Fr.fhh'~
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design iQ67l\{R
6.11 A Final Note k t#fM d$
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers >NV @ R&
7.1 Eyepieces k=$TGq QY?
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs c^xIm'eob
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces LVM%"sd?
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular Y(y kng
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces >b}o~F^J
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces mthA4sz
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ;+R&}[9,A)
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces ?FZ HrA
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats QW~E&B%
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats KA Ji
8.2 Glass Choice /KaZH R.
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations :`#d:.@]o@
8.4 Other Design Considerations y-b%T|p9
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens VBlYvZ;$*
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet n+9=1Oo"
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet NN{?z!
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses ! I:% 0D
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 9<?M 8_
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness oH?b}T=9jz
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9 Split Triplets $99n&t$Y
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets R%WCH?B<}
10.1 The Classic Tessar 5 V~oIL
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac ;4\ 2.* s
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens a5^] 20Fa
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Vm(y7}Aq{
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar BwEN ~2u6
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats y14;%aQN
11.1 Meniscus Components |^I0dR/w:
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon H|<[YYk
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens ?=7 cF
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses Ta0|+IYk<
11.5 The Split Dagor ,-LwtePJ0
11.6 The Dogmar (,\+tr8r8
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 2wg5#i
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 1=c\Rr9]
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens 9L?. m&
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet Fyx|z'4b
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet M)+H{5bt
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element `AtBtjs RV
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar X7 MM2V
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay U$.@]F4&
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13 Telephoto Lenses 4[r0G +
13.1 The Basic Telephoto xrz,\eTb
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses t9` .bx8
13.3 Telephoto Designs dq6m>;`
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch 3S@7]Pg
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses C yFrb`%
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle }OR@~V{Gj
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens )[6 U^j4
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses J?1 uKR
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses 2 86;=rN]*
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses Yui3+}Ms
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens orpri O|qD
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens dr}`H,X"3
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener mHTXni<!
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ZohCP
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems TDKki(o=~
tj Gn|+|k
17 Microscope Objectives } 5[qo`M
17.1 General Considerations BwG fTua
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front qvsd5P eCO
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives sN*N&XG
17.4 Reflecting Objectives X1|njJGO1
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs qp }Cqi
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ,j{,h_Op
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors ||= )d&
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems py!|\00}
18.3 Catadioptric Systems o3^l~iT
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems Pb4X\9^
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 0B/,/KX
18.6 Unobscured Systems ^7 U
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18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” ~O0 $Suv
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems i2Qz4 $z
19.1 Infrared Optics Q5`*3 h6p=
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ~{g [<Qi
19.3 IR Telescope @7] yl&LZ
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 5E;qM|Ns
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems c
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses x b~yM%*c
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20 Zoom Lenses ^z IW+:
20.1 Zoom Lenses &\WSQmtto
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras [)M%cyQ
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 2B[X,rL.pX
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens X bKYiy
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure :D6
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses M*, -zGr
21.1 Projection TV Lenses )._; ~z!
21.2 Macro Lenses OmpND{ w
A@[o;H }XP
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 8, 4"uuI
22.1 Monochromatic Systems L^2%1GfE{
22.2 Scanner Lenses Lv;^My
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 4{U T!WIi
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23 Tolerance Budgeting D9=KXo^
23.1 The Tolerance Budget H?vdr:WlTN
23.2 Additive Tolerances EzM
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23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget ZF9z~9
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24 Formulary l'-Bu(
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions *SDs;kg
24.2 The Cardinal Points *xxx:*6rk;
24.3 Image Equations ?} tFN_X"
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) df4A RP+
24.5 Invariants {9&;Q|D z
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) x_N'TjS^{
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships )9{0] u;9
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 2^[ `e g
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs Eex~xiiV
24.10 Stop Shift Equations
NI76 U
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces |^"1{7)
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) [I,Z2G,Jb
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Glossary wo;~7K
Reference NdA[C|_8}f
Index
