"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith I \JGs@I
%vhnl'
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition [ )dXI IM
C" T;Qp~B
1 Introduction r_ 6ZO&
1.1 Lens Design Books u'W8;G*~
1.2 Reference Material krvp&+uX
1.3 Specifications bPt!yI:
1.4 Lens Design 1gy.8i
1.5 Lens Design Program Features aA MVsE{
1.6 About This Book D"?fn <2
fs%. }^kn
2 Automatic Lens Design z] ?N+NHOA
2.2 The Merit Function wN-d'-z/rd
2.3 Local Minima |NC *7/}
2.4 The Landscape Lens \EtQ5T*u
2.5 Types of Merit Function Yqi4&~?db
2.6 Stagnation 0dh aAq`k
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing @A89eZb W
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization H>B&|BO_[
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems c~uKsU
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits a (b#
2.11 Spectral Weighting ;J2z p*|
2.12 How to Get Started F!Q@ u
/}
WDU
3 Improving a Design =4PV;>X
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques r^paD2&}
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) DBD%6o>]K
3.3 Splitting Elements &*G #H~\
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet <Fc;_GG
3.5 Compounding an Element +M$Q
=6/
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses iQ
fJ
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ~SF<,-Kg
3.8 Balancing Aberrations HbA kZP
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle -w_QJ_ z_
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces ime\f*Fg
oxkoA
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design v+`N*\J_
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation iS Gq!D
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance V(6Z3g
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations ^, _w$H
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ,\ k(x>oy
4.5 Fabrication Considerations lWc:$qnR-K
E}p&2P+ MR
5 Lens Design Data s<_)$}
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs W 7\f1}]H
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots +hT:2TXn
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ytoo~n
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF @EpIh&
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots Q/_f
zg
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot EzV96+
db6b-Y{
6 Telescope Objective OJ$]V,Z00x
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet ]0)|7TV*
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective VG 5+CU
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective a]/>ra 5{
6.4 Spherochromatism m~u5kbHOi=
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration !~&R"2/
6.6 Induced Aberrations +W\f(/ q0
6.7 Three-Element Objectives &[/w_| b
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) "a"]o
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet pDcjwlA%
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 9Hu/u =vB<
6.11 A Final Note *
%M3PTY\
i2(1ki/|O
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers }mdAM6
7.1 Eyepieces mfo1+owT
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs ^[X YFQ TL
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces hn= [1<#^(
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular \":m!K;Z
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces f[~L?B;_L
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces ,7NZu0
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier V8 -oYwOR
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces [4C: r!
( %xwl
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats Mt5PaTjj
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats MP 2~;T}~
8.2 Glass Choice /)(#{i*
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations Jesjtcy<*
8.4 Other Design Considerations fCtPu 08{Z
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens R Yl >
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet aZ'Lx : )R
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet mB9r3[
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses EC8b=B<DE
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces [7S } g
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness r*_ZJ*h[
Z%Zd2
v
9 Split Triplets #x3ujJ
'-b*EZU8t
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets
S"$m]
10.1 The Classic Tessar u[/m|z
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 1u(.T0j7f
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens SD$h@p=!=
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets i21Gw41p:
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar GJp85B!PlO
%\r!7@Q
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats -3lb@ 6I6
11.1 Meniscus Components P7MeX(Tay
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon ql?=(b;D
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens pL%r,Y_^\x
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 7 =OQ8IM !
11.5 The Split Dagor P*Tx14xe4
11.6 The Dogmar >Ll$p 0W
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens
ZRVT2VfN
;cz|ss=
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens YH_7=0EJ
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version mL`5 u f
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens 0,rTdjH7
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet m[@Vf9
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet 6 ]pX>Xho
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element Ttc[Q]Ri
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 0`A~HH }
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay ZwerDkd
UaV iI/ks
13 Telephoto Lenses \Z/)Y;|mi0
13.1 The Basic Telephoto { e5/+W
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses ,qrQ"r9
13.3 Telephoto Designs S&Ee,((E(
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch gzD@cx?V
xOHgp=#D
0{PzUIM,W
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses
ld7v3:M
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle p6XtTx
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens <K4 ,7J$}h
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses Ze3X$%kWi
^~HQC*
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses F0UVo
v[n7"
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses (V% `k'N7f
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens la?Wnw
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens rf%7b8[v
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener ;kJ A'|GX
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses 5 `RiS]IO]
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems d{de6 `
ed_ FiQd
17 Microscope Objectives %F*|;o7 s
17.1 General Considerations 1#4PG'H
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front {Pu\?Cq
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives T' aec]u
17.4 Reflecting Objectives k') E/n
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 2 ',w[I
?kz+R'
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems yj(vkifEB
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors b4""|P?L
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems fn/7wO$!
18.3 Catadioptric Systems S"hTE7`
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems tD Cw-
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids d@3}U6,
18.6 Unobscured Systems EK$Kee}~
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” ;u(Du-Os!
?`Y\)'}
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems cbu@*NzY,
19.1 Infrared Optics 'XUKN/.
19.2 IR Objective Lenses q(5+xSg"gK
19.3 IR Telescope l w (e3j
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders *I?Eb-!t
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems ow' lRHZ
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses 56Z\-=KAU
)*d W=r/$V
20 Zoom Lenses Wi}FY }f
20.1 Zoom Lenses `ZaT} # Y
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras xT)psM'CL
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 1lnU77;
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens DBs* F x[
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure [!VOw@uz
n!E2_
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses Fv)7c4
21.1 Projection TV Lenses j` /&r*zNq
21.2 Macro Lenses Ij'NC C
JkA|Qdj~Mr
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses zK+52jhi
22.1 Monochromatic Systems pNE(n4v
22.2 Scanner Lenses Z2bcCIq4
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses U^Tp6vN d
7a$ G@
23 Tolerance Budgeting ksjUr 1o
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 9><mp]E4
23.2 Additive Tolerances -6Mm#sX
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget (, xZGa
jRpdft
24 Formulary ,A5) <}
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions <39!G7ny
24.2 The Cardinal Points 1[;@AE2Y
24.3 Image Equations oT|m1aGE
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) p '{ xoV
24.5 Invariants 2PSTGG8JV
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) xqHL +W
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships :'r6 TVDW
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions ~mN% (w!^
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs zG
c[Z3N
24.10 Stop Shift Equations HpexH{.u)
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces fj'j NE
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) u; TvS
|
+TRy :e
&}`K^5K|O:
Glossary Cj;/Uhs
Reference [ev- ^[
Index
