"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith QWwdtk
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition %E2V$l0
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1 Introduction j: E3c\a
1.1 Lens Design Books L @"&s#~=3
1.2 Reference Material t?wVh0gT
1.3 Specifications 7:e5l19 uI
1.4 Lens Design nxMZd=Y
1.5 Lens Design Program Features <f#pS[A
1.6 About This Book wC?>,LOl
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2 Automatic Lens Design ~,7Tj
2.2 The Merit Function G@P+M1c
2.3 Local Minima w8cbhc
2.4 The Landscape Lens GIhX2EvAS
2.5 Types of Merit Function 4*'ZabDD
2.6 Stagnation '*D>/hn|:]
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing N\anjG
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization RQ;w$I\
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems aC94g7)`
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits [ J4n%
2.11 Spectral Weighting @% jY
2.12 How to Get Started B` )TRt+'.
B#r"|x# [
3 Improving a Design XtqhK" f%
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques +GncQs
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3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) =q}Z2 OoYh
3.3 Splitting Elements ^hcK&
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet <%.lPO]&E
3.5 Compounding an Element ?x/Lb*a^
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses qOv`&%txW
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem @r=,:
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3.8 Balancing Aberrations &"( zK"O
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle ~r_2V$sC2
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces i.{.koH<
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design wLzV#8>
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation _nM 7SK
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance =IKgi-l*
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations />wE[`
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function q07H{{h/B
4.5 Fabrication Considerations zkquXzlgB
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5 Lens Design Data g7{:F\S
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs tUt_Q;%yC
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ~C>clkZ
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign l#~pK6@W
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 9N<=,!;5~s
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots "'C5B>qO
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot 51tZ:-1 !
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6 Telescope Objective
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6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet Y<V$3h
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective kj6H+@
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6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective G[6i\Et
6.4 Spherochromatism Lrmhr3
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6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration \ AIFIy
6.6 Induced Aberrations % C rTO(
6.7 Three-Element Objectives uA V7T /'
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) o/ 7[
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6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ?L0 |$#Iw
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design \}~7 1y}
6.11 A Final Note ym+Ezb#o
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers 0Y:)$h2 ?
7.1 Eyepieces T0~~0G)k
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs o+.ySSBl+
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces L6#4A3yh
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular Te`@{>
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces x4(8
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7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces b
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7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier RB6Q>3g
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces iXq*EZb"R
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats MiR$ N
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats D)Ep!`Q
8.2 Glass Choice mkhWbzD'S
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations W 1u!&:O
8.4 Other Design Considerations hC9EL=
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8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens "0,FB4L[U5
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet -+M360
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet (#Xs\IEV F
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses UNK .39
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces d3Y;BxEz
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness ens]?,`0
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9 Split Triplets t{QQ ;'
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets oe |8
10.1 The Classic Tessar ; O(M l }z
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac #oR`_Dm)P
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens |>[qC O
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets *X{7m]5
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar TZ `Ypi7r
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats w lsx|
11.1 Meniscus Components seRf q&
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon cy)-Rfg
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens z&B9Yu4M7
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses o"FR% %
11.5 The Split Dagor D9NQ3[R 9
11.6 The Dogmar \#WWJh"W
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens em5~4;&'
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens d7mn(= &
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version KeRC8mYp
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens j7QK8O$XL
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet $(+xhn(O
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet v+[S$ {
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element g4W/T
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar /}J_2
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay TET=>6
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13 Telephoto Lenses v|\#wrCT?
13.1 The Basic Telephoto ~, E }^
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses qp/1 tC`
13.3 Telephoto Designs L6DYunh}^N
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch S89j:KRXH%
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses dP(.l}O
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle U\B 9Ab
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens Kw$@_~BJ6
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses z i3v, Kq
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses "]kzt ux
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ot[ZFF\
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens [Eccj`\e g
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens Ez"*', (
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener /]'&cD 1
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses >
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16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems :" Otsb7
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17 Microscope Objectives U# S-x5Gn
17.1 General Considerations y<w_>O
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front r~YBj>}
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives 9jY+0h*uP
17.4 Reflecting Objectives li
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17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs &M< "Fmn
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 3<"j/9;K'
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors az:}RE3o
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems S{N4[U?V>
18.3 Catadioptric Systems 0kj5r*qA
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems sS; )d
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids Sn4x v2/
18.6 Unobscured Systems y6tq emz
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” J`)/\9'&&
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems .?5
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19.1 Infrared Optics J$42*S Y
19.2 IR Objective Lenses
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19.3 IR Telescope r7g @(K
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders :wXiz`VH
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems !j`<iPI7B
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses #n{4f1TZ
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20 Zoom Lenses 3@\/5I xn
20.1 Zoom Lenses -,+C*|mu
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras gC(S(osF
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens d/ j?.\
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens NfPWcK [
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure <mlN\BcX;
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses L( K 5f7\
21.1 Projection TV Lenses j0~am,yZ
21.2 Macro Lenses 97\K ] Tr
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses aVK,( j9u
22.1 Monochromatic Systems )1B? <4
22.2 Scanner Lenses %L P4RZ
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 6q8}8;STTY
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23 Tolerance Budgeting 6`Y:f[VB
23.1 The Tolerance Budget zJW 2F_
23.2 Additive Tolerances .U=x2txb
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget "5<!
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24 Formulary bAH<h
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions Y)F(-H)
24.2 The Cardinal Points Jh=.}FXnjL
24.3 Image Equations 9/e> %1.
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) M0xhcU_
24.5 Invariants p *42
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24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) wU!-sf;]y
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships [pE b`s
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions q M rM^ ~
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs yUJ#LDW
24.10 Stop Shift Equations /huh}&NNu
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces M^Z=~512g
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) -.?
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Glossary ;z9 ,c
Reference c8[kL$b;j
Index
