"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith 5Q=P4w!'
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition @LLTB(@wR
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1 Introduction 9>,Qgp,w
1.1 Lens Design Books '~-IV0v9
1.2 Reference Material _>bRv+RVR
1.3 Specifications N~,_`=yRx
1.4 Lens Design rVA L|0;3
1.5 Lens Design Program Features iz}sM>^
1.6 About This Book MmU%%2QG
8
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2 Automatic Lens Design `{FwTZ=6{
2.2 The Merit Function KO]N%]:&~
2.3 Local Minima ecH/Wz1
2.4 The Landscape Lens A~-#@Z
2.5 Types of Merit Function "EftN5?/
2.6 Stagnation
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2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing 7el<5chZ
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization k ~6- cx
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems Ri?\m! o
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 1"K*._K
2.11 Spectral Weighting [ug,jEH"S
2.12 How to Get Started &A50'8B2A
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3 Improving a Design |#5 e|z5(
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques
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3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) nx4P^P C
3.3 Splitting Elements >mIg@knE
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet /3^P_\,>f
3.5 Compounding an Element E;-qP)yU
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses w;`m- 9<Y
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem O25m k X
3.8 Balancing Aberrations ! gp}U#Yv
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle F> Y9o- o2
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces J^H =i)A
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design QXk"?yT`E
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation .`L gYW
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance C*wdtEGq
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations U |fTb0fB
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function Ge}$rLu]0
4.5 Fabrication Considerations .1ddv4Hk
B/YcSEY;
5 Lens Design Data W L~`u
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs DNth4 z
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots By)3*<5 a_
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign !7 ` [ i
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF R+.
N n
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots 0o68rF5^s
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot <%,'$^'DS
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6 Telescope Objective x1DVD!0 ~{
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet anx&Xj|=.F
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective NV!4 (_~
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective d/B*
6.4 Spherochromatism 9.Ap~Ay.
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration DPPS?~Pq
6.6 Induced Aberrations @6%gIsj<H
6.7 Three-Element Objectives IvSn> o
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) G\mKCaI8
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet iB{xvyR
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 91;HiILgT
6.11 A Final Note |a(Q4 e/,
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers |e"/Mf[
7.1 Eyepieces 1jOKcm'#
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs ?cBO6^
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces i_ YW;x
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular '(9YB9 i
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces .wri 5
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces - h9#G{2W[
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier k.>6nho`TV
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces zv9M HC
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats
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8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 4Bo<4 4-,
8.2 Glass Choice BA`:miH<
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations _@|fva&s,;
8.4 Other Design Considerations T:n< db,Px
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens zn[QvY
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet kC|Tubs(
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet n'3u ] ~7^
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses KZ 4zF
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces gD5P!}s[u0
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness a],h<wGEx
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9 Split Triplets |<2
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets NE[ y|/
10.1 The Classic Tessar \AJS,QD
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac :R3P 58>
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens CjmV+%b4
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Og TSx
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar `+fk`5Y
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats Z{#"-UG
11.1 Meniscus Components 6ZTaQPtm
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon _2; ^v`[
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens @5GBu u^j
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses |I/,F;'
11.5 The Split Dagor A8mlw#`E8b
11.6 The Dogmar RCCv>o
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens 'FqEB]gu
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens E{I) ]h
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version dWj x"7^
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens n/?eZx1
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet /bi6>GaC:E
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet d rs-mt8
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element h$|3dz N
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar }!=gP.Zu^
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay j;G [%gi6{
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13 Telephoto Lenses "'~|}x1Uv
13.1 The Basic Telephoto Ia'x]#~
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses ^pN 5NwC5
13.3 Telephoto Designs x!`b'U\
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch sK `< kbj
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses @~s~ /[
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle z'T=]-
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14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens (Hl8U
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 8H7O/n
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses /%5_~Jkr,
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses )tScc*=8
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens !e&rVoA
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens rAM *\=
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener
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16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses LSSW.Oz2L
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems Z@}sCZ=#A
6NzBpur 2H
17 Microscope Objectives 'YBi5_
17.1 General Considerations 3IGCl w(
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front (=`Z0)=
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives "havi,m
17.4 Reflecting Objectives O@nqHZ
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs phr2X*Z/)Y
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 5dqQws-,?1
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors ;i.I&*t
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems xrfPZBLy
18.3 Catadioptric Systems -MDO Zz\
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems c6t2Q6zV
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids U@#?T
18.6 Unobscured Systems 7AI3|Ts]p
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” ``+c`F?5
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems #fwzFS \XL
19.1 Infrared Optics ~B<97x(X
19.2 IR Objective Lenses y!SF/i?Py
19.3 IR Telescope kxygf9I!;
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders L E8 K)i
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems GhtbQM1[H
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses I<c@uXXV;!
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20 Zoom Lenses ('T4Db
20.1 Zoom Lenses l8er$8 S}
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras
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20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens MJ1W*'9</W
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 5LO4P>fq
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure {EOn r1
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 5woIGO3X
21.1 Projection TV Lenses -Uzc"Lx B
21.2 Macro Lenses F='Xj@&O
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses Sc% aJ1
22.1 Monochromatic Systems Uc\|X;nkRk
22.2 Scanner Lenses 9cVn>Fb
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 4\&H?: c.
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23 Tolerance Budgeting l{nB.m2
23.1 The Tolerance Budget }Vs~RJM)}
23.2 Additive Tolerances =t@: F
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget '&RZ3@}+
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24 Formulary n"XdHW0
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions se~ *<5
24.2 The Cardinal Points 9+]ZH.(YE
24.3 Image Equations : [A?A4 l
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) D_O 5k|-V
24.5 Invariants 7J0 ^N7"o
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 7YMx r3F
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships dD[v=Z_
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions uOyLC<I/
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs )EhTM-1
24.10 Stop Shift Equations
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24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces '
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24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) p3V9ikyy
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Glossary 9c"0~7v
Reference xnl<<}4pJ
Index
