"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith GHeJpS
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition H];|<G
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1 Introduction 5<bc>A-
1.1 Lens Design Books }$3eRu +
1.2 Reference Material [Hz_x(t26
1.3 Specifications C
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1.4 Lens Design /%|JP{
1.5 Lens Design Program Features !Uz{dFJf;
1.6 About This Book {8UYu2t
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2 Automatic Lens Design y0cHs|8
2.2 The Merit Function ;vvO#3DWM
2.3 Local Minima 3^
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2.4 The Landscape Lens ;LE4U OK
2.5 Types of Merit Function YO7Y1(`
2.6 Stagnation zvV<0 Z
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing \O5`R-
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization ~K}iVX
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems P:h;"
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits CY#|VE M
2.11 Spectral Weighting 5vs~8|aRo
2.12 How to Get Started 4Gs#_|!
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3 Improving a Design >Jh*S`e
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques '?dO[iQ$:
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) lxb+0fiN
3.3 Splitting Elements i^Vb42 %y
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet wBZ=IMDu\
3.5 Compounding an Element m3W:\LTTp
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses $U%M]_
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem {T4F0fu[eR
3.8 Balancing Aberrations |U{9Yy6p
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle ~_opU(;f
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces i
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design O
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4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation s}Phw2`1U
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 8*7t1$
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 2%|
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ^mxOQc !
4.5 Fabrication Considerations )!6JSMS
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5 Lens Design Data kFKc9}7W
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs !5,>[^y3
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots S(NH# ^
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign o6`4y^Q{/
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF mGx!{v~i&
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots MKVz'-`u
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot EmrUzaGD
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6 Telescope Objective CTawXHM
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet )Z6bMAb0'N
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective -& Qm"-?:
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective V{!fag
6.4 Spherochromatism z4t.-9(C
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 6,C2PR_+
6.6 Induced Aberrations OAigq6[,
6.7 Three-Element Objectives [zXKS|
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) rP4v_?Zg+
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet &UzeNL"]
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design
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6.11 A Final Note 'I$-h<W
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers k+-IuO
7.1 Eyepieces lT.Q)(
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs EY~b,MIL4
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces _N`'R.va
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular 0cYd6u@
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces JFOto,6L:
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces JA]TO(x
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier 7RXTQ9BS
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces ~bm
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats \R"} =7
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats OGl>i
8.2 Glass Choice +f5|qbX/\
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations Qu 7#^%=
8.4 Other Design Considerations @B.;V=8wJ
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens .`I;qF
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet r'TxYM-R
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet :S['hBMN
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses M<Gr~RKmAn
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces N3M:|D
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 2/*F}w/
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9 Split Triplets <V> [H7
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets os:/-A_m
10.1 The Classic Tessar 4=;.<
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac $q"/q*ys
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens |3Fo4K%+
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 96V@+I
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar \hlQu{q.
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats S_Tv Ix/7&
11.1 Meniscus Components S]Y3nI
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon %VV\biO]
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens >e
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11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses >AtW
11.5 The Split Dagor |"K<
11.6 The Dogmar AZj`o
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens v?s]up @@h
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens gs xT
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version )2nx5"
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens g':/hlQ
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 4R c_C0O
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet z<3{.e\e
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element P"Scs$NOU?
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar +vDEDOS1
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay ak SUk)}e
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13 Telephoto Lenses ~BUzyc%
13.1 The Basic Telephoto y ~PW_,
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses #mK/xbW
13.3 Telephoto Designs 7Gos-_s
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch l[,RA?i
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses ]-rhc.Gk@1
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle z PW [GkD
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens x5X;^.1Fr
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses @5[9iY
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses L[j73z'
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses z#j)uD
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens K> rZJ[a
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens mDCz=pk)
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener ?*nFz0cs^
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses u2FD@Xq?
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems
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17 Microscope Objectives @[2Go}VF
17.1 General Considerations 2_i9
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front )' hOW*v
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives 4g%BCGsys
17.4 Reflecting Objectives {,9^k'9
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs zxo"
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems h{5K9$9=
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors k%gO
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems d41DcgG'j(
18.3 Catadioptric Systems Jfe<$-$$7
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems GdlzpBl
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids jMAZ4M
18.6 Unobscured Systems 2d:5~fEJp
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” W74Y.zQ
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems gx55.}
19.1 Infrared Optics "dItv#<:}
19.2 IR Objective Lenses oLh2:c
19.3 IR Telescope )[]*Y]vSx
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders T!F0_<
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems o]jPG
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses P2t{il
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20 Zoom Lenses F^/b!)4X
20.1 Zoom Lenses MJ..' $>TC
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras c*~/`lG
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ! !we4tWq
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 5Kw$QJ/
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure %vZTD+i
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 1!P\x=Nn_
21.1 Projection TV Lenses :5DL&,,Q3
21.2 Macro Lenses Ui43 &B
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses Gdu5
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22.1 Monochromatic Systems tSf$`4
22.2 Scanner Lenses 6VQe?oh
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses N\nxo0sl
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23 Tolerance Budgeting rFLm!J]
23.1 The Tolerance Budget w40 -K5wt>
23.2 Additive Tolerances >&Ios<67g
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget 0tS<
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24 Formulary WV?3DzeR
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions q?0&&"T}
24.2 The Cardinal Points ,u@Vi0
24.3 Image Equations (`cXS5R
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) P
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24.5 Invariants ^/M-*U8ab
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 30fqD1_{
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships hYSzr-)
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 9=5xt;mEs}
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs Bbj%RF2,
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ggL^*MV
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces Y=$PsDh!
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) s%/x3anz=
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Glossary lK"m|Z
Reference ~Iz{@Ep*
Index