"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith kP
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition (?|M'gZ
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1 Introduction {-\U)&6#v
1.1 Lens Design Books \~
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1.2 Reference Material ZZT #V%Q=u
1.3 Specifications 7y'uZAF
1.4 Lens Design F}nwTras
1.5 Lens Design Program Features E nM
1.6 About This Book }m j9$=B4
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2 Automatic Lens Design 1#A$&'&\J;
2.2 The Merit Function } <0 4\t?
2.3 Local Minima T$%|=gq
2.4 The Landscape Lens t WI-
2.5 Types of Merit Function m\`>N_4*9
2.6 Stagnation )\akIA
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing $d?W1D<A
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization xqG<R5k>>
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems 0B`X056|"|
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits [s( D== 8
2.11 Spectral Weighting 7Z6=e6/\
2.12 How to Get Started %\m"Yi]
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3 Improving a Design u. GnXuax
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques Y MX9Z||
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) {~U3|_"[pX
3.3 Splitting Elements bF"l0
jS
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet yaj dRU
3.5 Compounding an Element `L'g<VK;
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses vF27+/2+R
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem 3kn-tM
3.8 Balancing Aberrations s ey,J5?
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle vY4s U@+V
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces KNVu[P)rv
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design !"L.g u-'
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation YWFE*wQ!
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance yKc-:IBb{u
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 'UX.Q7W
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function OEW'bT)
4.5 Fabrication Considerations AFrJ zh:V[
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5 Lens Design Data ^D+J
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5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs [4z,hob
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots y)G-6sZ/
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign aGD< #]
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF z#*.9/y\^R
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots _ \D %
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot #{cy( &cz
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6 Telescope Objective @-$8)?`q
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet HlGSt$woX
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective (> al-vZ6A
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective =Hi@q
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6.4 Spherochromatism 4>KF`?%4
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration Zy}tZ RG
6.6 Induced Aberrations GK@OdurA R
6.7 Three-Element Objectives ,Bk5( e
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) / F0q8j0
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet > i/jqT/
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design cQU/z"?+
6.11 A Final Note 5hrI#fpOR
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers n!jmxl$
7.1 Eyepieces 1JJsYX
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs >US*7m }
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces H [=\_X1o(
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular yXJhOCa
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces fkV@3sj
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 7 U enr9)M
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier A Ts_d_Sz
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces &2 tfj(ms
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 98[uRywI
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 1dH|/9
8.2 Glass Choice l1 +l@r\
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations fUT[tkb/!
8.4 Other Design Considerations EZUaYp ~M
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens m:H^m/g
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet 3lP;=* m.
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet '/d51
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses xT HD_?d
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces \nl(tU#j
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness >xFvfuyC
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9 Split Triplets `^M]|7
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets &W<7!U:2m
10.1 The Classic Tessar ! ]4u"e
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac )qWwh)\;!
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens ho\1[xS
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets H/,KY/>i
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar Bx?3E^!T
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats "Y&I#&$b\
11.1 Meniscus Components j\y;~
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11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 8`4M4" lj
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens pBsb>wvej
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 3?93Pj3oPt
11.5 The Split Dagor !<[+ u
11.6 The Dogmar q<YM,%mgj
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens O a[
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 9CD ei~
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version ipSMmpB
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens "[) G{VzT
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 'HA{6v,y
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet bWe 2z~dP
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element SB62(#YR
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar BQu
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12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay .LzA' q1+z
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13 Telephoto Lenses QoD_`d
13.1 The Basic Telephoto Y >x{ [er
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses qt8Y3:=8l
13.3 Telephoto Designs ^~4]"J} ;M
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch q;{(o2g
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses aV;|2}q "
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 8}QM~&&.
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens (,Y[2_ Zv
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses ]ch =@IV
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses YvY|\2^K
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses LU3p CM{
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens DV5hTw0
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens \u[x<-\/6
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener , ZsZzZ#
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses Fis!MMh.$
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems o;8$#gyNY
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17 Microscope Objectives .UK0bxoa
17.1 General Considerations Xa z "!
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 6-U_TV
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives ;dIk$_FN
17.4 Reflecting Objectives axQ>~v WN/
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs j0l,1=^>l
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems /~LE1^1&U
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors hh;kBv07o
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems P\"kr?jZP
18.3 Catadioptric Systems 91R# /i
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems [S6u:;7
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids {gD ED
18.6 Unobscured Systems M9"Bx/
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” ]E9iaq6Z
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems I;4quFBlMu
19.1 Infrared Optics C: E f6ZW
19.2 IR Objective Lenses M;A_'h?Z
19.3 IR Telescope V^7.@BeT
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders [@i:qB>B
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems ,TBOEu."4
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses f+e"`80$*C
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20 Zoom Lenses A
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20.1 Zoom Lenses 'F W?
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras '54\!yQ<{
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens Vgm*5a6t
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens OVLVsNg
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 4"&-a 1N
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 7?dWAUF
21.1 Projection TV Lenses k*1Lr\1
21.2 Macro Lenses z5@XFaQ
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses #:6- O
22.1 Monochromatic Systems [ycX)iM
22.2 Scanner Lenses _S9)<RVI+
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 45~x
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23 Tolerance Budgeting CCTU-Xz/
23.1 The Tolerance Budget dGZie .Zx
23.2 Additive Tolerances IO)Y0J>x
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget :1 +Aj
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24 Formulary <Jgcj 4D
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions mSYjc)z
24.2 The Cardinal Points \[9VeqMU
24.3 Image Equations ) .KA0-
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) J;& y?%{@5
24.5 Invariants f -~Y
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) D0 7M!U
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships H(y`[B,}*
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions c St)Na~C
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs M+ [ho]
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ZSf &M
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces 5 kHaZ Q
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) (3n "a'
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Glossary VR (R.
Reference Q}#Je.;
Index
