"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith TlAY=JwW
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition Zni8im,_j
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1 Introduction rt t?4
1.1 Lens Design Books XWk/S $-d
1.2 Reference Material uV=rLDY
1.3 Specifications ]+ug:E{7
1.4 Lens Design D3BX[
1.5 Lens Design Program Features ;Mw9}Reh@
1.6 About This Book nL@P{,J
oM QH-\(}
2 Automatic Lens Design "RZ)pav?
2.2 The Merit Function l&5| =
2.3 Local Minima Mm|HA@W^
2.4 The Landscape Lens oa47TqFt
2.5 Types of Merit Function >0B[
2.6 Stagnation 0+M1,?+GfF
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing W:hR81ci
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization $ 'HiNP
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2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems &)<]AG.vd!
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits S ^2'O7uj
2.11 Spectral Weighting
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2.12 How to Get Started ;/>~|@
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3 Improving a Design @^#y23R U
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques />)>~_-3
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) v"y
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3.3 Splitting Elements ,T"(97"
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet aD24)?db-
3.5 Compounding an Element o%Pi;8
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses u [fQvdl
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem LlnIn{C
3.8 Balancing Aberrations j@2-^q:`
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle j^986
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces I3s'44
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 024*IoVZ
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 0Rrz
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance TDy@Y>
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4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations ;k(|ynXv
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function }me]?en_Ra
4.5 Fabrication Considerations e Hd{'J<
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5 Lens Design Data )bPwB.} kq
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs >-EoE;s
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots g 9>p?XY
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ;MNEe%
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5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 9S.R%2xw`
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots 'HPw5 L
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot iTqv=
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6 Telescope Objective rx|/]NE;
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet s13Iu#
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ^EZ)NG=e5
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective tj{rSg7{
6.4 Spherochromatism >3 qy'lm
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration f5mk\^
6.6 Induced Aberrations si%f.A #
6.7 Three-Element Objectives 2zArAch
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) \`|,wLgH
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet I{B8'n{cN
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design "c1vW<;
6.11 A Final Note WNlWigwYl
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers )u3<lpoTy
7.1 Eyepieces ;2#H M^Mu
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs r$G;^
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces yd#4b`8U`
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular P8z++h
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces x\I9J4Q
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces q\d'}:kfu
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier oV,>u5:B
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces pd>EUdbrp&
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats n3~xiQ'
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ~A>3k2N/e
8.2 Glass Choice ~wh8)rm
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ~cU,3g
8.4 Other Design Considerations Gd:fWz(
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens /`:5#O
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet F RS@-P
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet sN^R Z0!>
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses @ iao"&
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces k.
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8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness PyzWpf
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9 Split Triplets N@;6/[8
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets {#Mz4s`M
10.1 The Classic Tessar a+r0@eFLc
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac @0n #Qs|E!
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens @i6D&e=
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets CQ#p2
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar Jq/([
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats \>:(++g
11.1 Meniscus Components xxiEL2"`>
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon #sAEIk/
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens rw8db'
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 0Oe@0L%^3"
11.5 The Split Dagor B>|@XfPM
11.6 The Dogmar &d9";V"E
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens 6dq5f?w]
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens gd/W8*NFR
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version nJA\P1@m
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens <7?MutHM-
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet k\zN h<^
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet 9dSKlB5J
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element Rz*%(2Vz
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar v3.JG]zLpP
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay ,#D&*
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13 Telephoto Lenses OW1[Y-o[
13.1 The Basic Telephoto #}e)*(
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses `')3}
13.3 Telephoto Designs 70*Y4'u}A
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch /d8PDc "
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses '0/t |V<
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle M2vYOg`t:c
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens Z`q?p E>R
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses F4Z+)'oDr,
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses dM#\h*:=
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses X;ijCZb3b
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens ks:Z=%o
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens ewY+a ,t
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener cFD(Ap
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses RzFv``g
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems co@Q
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17 Microscope Objectives mqw&SxU9
17.1 General Considerations VmV/~- <Z
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front fZT=q^26
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives F0+ u#/#
17.4 Reflecting Objectives >$?$&+e}
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs fh}\#WE"
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems /nGsl<
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors I tp7X
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems l#V"14y
18.3 Catadioptric Systems l;F3kA
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems YM/GSSq
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids qmv%N
18.6 Unobscured Systems %0$$tS +
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” g' H!%<
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems q%8,@xg
19.1 Infrared Optics SWPr5h
19.2 IR Objective Lenses $Rd74;edn
19.3 IR Telescope k0!b@
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19.4 Laser Beam Expanders :TX!lbCq
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems IF$f^$
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses _l{GHz
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20 Zoom Lenses /i"L@t)\t
20.1 Zoom Lenses Y!Wz7
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20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras j<Lj1P3
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 9ZeTS~i
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 7M=`Z{=9
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure PIsMx -i0
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses Jf YO|,
21.1 Projection TV Lenses _<yJQ|[z~i
21.2 Macro Lenses ^CDQ75tR
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses yL7a*C&
22.1 Monochromatic Systems CAX|[
22.2 Scanner Lenses NoV)}fX$X8
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses +F]X
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23 Tolerance Budgeting D42Bm&JocO
23.1 The Tolerance Budget E#Smi507p
23.2 Additive Tolerances Z)~.OqRw]
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget )apqL{u:=
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24 Formulary *"d"
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions D[-V1K&g
24.2 The Cardinal Points &S>m+m'
24.3 Image Equations `lRZQ:27X
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ?MHVkGD
24.5 Invariants Ze~^+ EE
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) \/xWsbG\
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships PeEC|&x
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions #tRLvOR:
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 4nN%5c~=
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ' jf$3
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces J'G 6Z7
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) RLu y;z
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Glossary d OQU#5
Reference 7hlgm7^
Index