"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith *-nO,K>y`
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition r N$0qo
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1 Introduction 6<];}M_{
1.1 Lens Design Books m)tu~ neM
1.2 Reference Material kK[4uQQ
1.3 Specifications N#T'}>t y
1.4 Lens Design J\@6YU[A
1.5 Lens Design Program Features Ou_H& R
1.6 About This Book ^1S{::
kW/G=_6
2 Automatic Lens Design 'Lrn<
2.2 The Merit Function Tx;a2:6\[
2.3 Local Minima n~I-mR)"
2.4 The Landscape Lens xuK"pS
2.5 Types of Merit Function GTdoUSU q
2.6 Stagnation HOP*QX8C%
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing FCE y1^ u
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization m)Plv+R}
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems JsJP%'^/R
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits iW` t r
2.11 Spectral Weighting >(Y CZ
2.12 How to Get Started yvYMk(LSF
6.D|\;9{c
3 Improving a Design a^ %iAe
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques Ehx9-*]
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) bJ^h{]
3.3 Splitting Elements 1h$ ? ,
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet h=#w< @
3.5 Compounding an Element >rd#,r
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses x b;{<~`71
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem b#_R Z
3.8 Balancing Aberrations dQ`Tt- n
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle ;st0Ekni)
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces lFzVd
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design #PkuCWm6
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 2&1mI>:F
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance l f>/
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations UGcmzwE
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function .t "VsY|
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 2%%\jlT_
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5 Lens Design Data *Al@|5
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs I"Zp^j
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots NM3;l}Y8
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign = ~1E pZ
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF HRf;bKZ
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots
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5.6 Various Evaluation Plot bU=Utniq
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6 Telescope Objective n~^SwOt~;5
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet & A0OYV3i.
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective /qLO/Mim
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective EvT$|#FY
6.4 Spherochromatism P 9?cp{ *
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 1VJ${\H]
6.6 Induced Aberrations ^ij0<*ca9
6.7 Three-Element Objectives oIhKMQ;jh
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) CW dsOS=
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 4XpWDfa.}
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 2"ax*MQH<^
6.11 A Final Note <],{at` v
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers I6.rN\ % b
7.1 Eyepieces N>I6f
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs `zQuhD 8W
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces _p )NZ7yC
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular HI8mNX3 "j
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces .6wPpL G?{
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces [^hW>O=@TN
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier !5ps,+o
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces z!}E2j_9P
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats z
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8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 5 JzvT JMx
8.2 Glass Choice 6`e{l+c=F
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations 8V:;HY#
8.4 Other Design Considerations F-m%d @P&X
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens F6\{gQ<E
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet B;9,Qb b
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet f+Y4~k
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses k|;a"56F
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces YC6T0 m
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness Ju +3}
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9 Split Triplets #UM,)b H
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets *Soi
10.1 The Classic Tessar # NM)
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac u zZ|0
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens Nv5^2^Sc=
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets D \ rns+
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar x{R440"
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats i~ u4v3 r=
11.1 Meniscus Components w.m8SvS&b
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 0z=KnQx"4
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens aT0~C.vT
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses _pdKcE\X
11.5 The Split Dagor @ m`C%7<
11.6 The Dogmar \+o \wTW
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens Myc-lCE
h#0n2o #
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens SAm%$v z%M
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version opa/+V3E4
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens %1#\LRA(
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet UQ0!t Fx
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet mb*Yw 6q
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element s< k[ <
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar R_EU|a
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay H!;N0",]N
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13 Telephoto Lenses )\+Imn
13.1 The Basic Telephoto y [Vd*8
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses h"[B zX
13.3 Telephoto Designs $0Y`> 3
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch f `qy~M&
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses V!:!c]8F
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle dgVG P_~
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens ~ 5}t;
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses {6u)EJ
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses S* l/
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses O*N:A[eW
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens eU"yF >6 '
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens QSaDa@OV
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener VxY]0&sq
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses 4X=VNORlU0
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems Gamn,c9
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17 Microscope Objectives "kApGNB
17.1 General Considerations rxp|[>O<
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front Ggx PpS<ne
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives 9~V'Wev
17.4 Reflecting Objectives -mJs0E*g
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs "dpjxH=xO
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems I[E 6 N2
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors nWK8.&{.
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems ?e9tnk3
18.3 Catadioptric Systems WsbVO|C
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems NVzo)C8kb
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids rQv5uoD
18.6 Unobscured Systems >33=0<
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” ;Am3 eJa*-
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems fTEZ@ #p
19.1 Infrared Optics 8*-)[+s9il
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ]*NYuE gc
19.3 IR Telescope -aT-<+? s
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders [Fh YQI
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems .]>Tj^ 1
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses kw59`z Es
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20 Zoom Lenses "e-z 2G@z
20.1 Zoom Lenses LB@<Q.b,U
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras M[I=N
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 3?E7\\/R
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens wai3g-`
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 3nBZ+n4z
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses r QzdHA
21.1 Projection TV Lenses {)Wf[2zJ
21.2 Macro Lenses !$98 U~L
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses B-g uz[v
22.1 Monochromatic Systems !=S?*E +j)
22.2 Scanner Lenses 7b Ywh 8
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses ?[#w*Am7
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23 Tolerance Budgeting +1#oVl!
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 7s^b@&Le
23.2 Additive Tolerances ksq4t
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget bF9.k
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24 Formulary Q >L(=j2t
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions x((u
24.2 The Cardinal Points 8}yrs F #
24.3 Image Equations I S" [<
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) $j,$O>V
24.5 Invariants (P E.v1T
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) <e! TF @
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships [!U%''
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions W7C1\'T
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs p7AsNqEp
24.10 Stop Shift Equations nHF66,7t
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces C'@ I!m._i
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) BoT#b^l
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2aTq?ZR|8A
Glossary J#:`'eEG
Reference nt"\FZ*;3
Index
