"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith ~4C:2
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition N
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1 Introduction oK{H
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1.1 Lens Design Books h0n,WU/Kw
1.2 Reference Material h ;Se.{
1.3 Specifications p'`pO"EO
1.4 Lens Design Fc.1)yh .
1.5 Lens Design Program Features h;`]rK;g
1.6 About This Book t*cVDA&K
.qG*$W2f
2 Automatic Lens Design `6 `oLu\l
2.2 The Merit Function u s3fBY'
2.3 Local Minima e+7x &-+
2.4 The Landscape Lens $][$ e
2.5 Types of Merit Function (#%R'9R v
2.6 Stagnation b.sRB1
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing aI W W[xZ
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization (N` x
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems 0F|DD8tHR
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 'k 9dN
\ev
2.11 Spectral Weighting *d; D~"E<@
2.12 How to Get Started {5N!udLDr5
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3 Improving a Design L2m~ GnP|?
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ye- R
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) Fu6~8uDV{{
3.3 Splitting Elements yHt
`kb2
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet .*+KQ A8
3.5 Compounding an Element X'KkIo
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3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses }ikJ a
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem |"XxM(Dm
3.8 Balancing Aberrations a54qv^IS
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle o,;Hb4Eu
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces #I|jFn9
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design *g;4?_f
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 1} h''p
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance A3=$I&!%
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations qH-':|h7
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function Bk9 ? =
4.5 Fabrication Considerations .<|.nK` 6
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5 Lens Design Data __N#Y/e ]
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs u"*Wo'3I|
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots % HK \
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ,}hJ )
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF U)g2 7*7
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots 7) y9% -}
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot g<"k\qs7
Jf|6 FQo&
6 Telescope Objective 3Az7urIY
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet BvA09lK
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ddiBjp2.!
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective :Kt'Fm,s?
6.4 Spherochromatism c5e
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6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration ~0ku,P #D
6.6 Induced Aberrations U`h> [9
6.7 Three-Element Objectives rBY{&JhS
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) js#72T/_n
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet j/<z[ q r
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 5Sm)+FC :
6.11 A Final Note 3 ] u[NR
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers E6FT* }Q
7.1 Eyepieces `[*n UdG
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs |#6)) Dh
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces bEz1@"~
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7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular PfKF!/c
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7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 0Zq jq0O#
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces [V-OYjPAx
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier *>,CG:`D
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats YLEa;M R
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats u{_jweZ
8.2 Glass Choice Z[{k-_HgAm
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations zu@5,AH
8.4 Other Design Considerations O5:2B\ B
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens n)'5h &#
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet .h;PMY+
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet ">pt, QV
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses _ Db05:r@
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces =oPc\VYW
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness AM ZWPU
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9 Split Triplets 1 ynjDin<
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets GvCB3z
10.1 The Classic Tessar ]U8VU
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac M#PutrH
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens gPu0j4 &-
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets } 9qbF+b
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar 1 JIo,7
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats !k= ~5)x
11.1 Meniscus Components aj71oki)
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon Q0\tK=Z/
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens f uQb h
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses WjrUn s
11.5 The Split Dagor Snav)Hb'
11.6 The Dogmar >O:31 Uk
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens 0xe!tA
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 1gTW*vLM\
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version .|pyloL.
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens
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12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet opKk#40
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet 9EE},D
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element h5:>o
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 6Wm`Vj(s
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay !p4y@U{
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13 Telephoto Lenses 5yHarC
13.1 The Basic Telephoto soH
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13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses oB m^RHTZ
13.3 Telephoto Designs > Y h7By
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch \;h+:[<e1
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses bvuoo/
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle t#Q" ;e
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens nJvDk h#h1
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses !&3iZQGWv
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses b* QRd
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses oj6b33z
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens @ -~
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16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens z g@,s"`>
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener l O)0p2
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses {G+pI 2^
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems wClX3l>y
p;GT[Ds^
17 Microscope Objectives fcuU, A
17.1 General Considerations oPX `/ X#
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front ?9_RI(a.}
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives w z, T7L
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 6%p$C
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17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs |HjoaN )
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ^k'?e"[gTs
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors &?],uHB?d
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems Ag> E% N
18.3 Catadioptric Systems Xm|Uz`A;
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems nTJ-1A7EP
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids (|6Y1``
18.6 Unobscured Systems ii.L]#3y
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” =1JS6~CTLN
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems "funF vY
19.1 Infrared Optics B]` !L/
19.2 IR Objective Lenses Y7vTseq
19.3 IR Telescope H O^3v34ZO
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders sG/mmZHYzr
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems "5KJ /7q!
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ];-DqK'
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20 Zoom Lenses o)X(;o
20.1 Zoom Lenses D^?jLfW8
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras :QndeUw
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens J3]W2m2Zw
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 6I$laHx?
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 9@Iz:!oqb
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses YWV"I|Z
21.1 Projection TV Lenses P9Gjsu #
21.2 Macro Lenses ?P+n0S!
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses Y F+hN\
22.1 Monochromatic Systems <Rs# y:
22.2 Scanner Lenses KjrUTG 0oA
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses V~Zi #o
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23 Tolerance Budgeting Zu4|1 W
23.1 The Tolerance Budget fn%Gu s~
23.2 Additive Tolerances Z~g I )
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget b7
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24 Formulary n{>Ge,enP0
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions m;=wQYFr{I
24.2 The Cardinal Points X q3n7d.
24.3 Image Equations dLtSa\2Hn
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) bIFKP
24.5 Invariants TZ`@p Di
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) nkKiYr
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships p2c4 <f-M
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions j\^0BTZ
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs }Yi )r*LI3
24.10 Stop Shift Equations O/X;(qYd
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces
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24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) p !+7F\
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Glossary T
;Ga G
Reference AM L8.wJ
Index
