"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith rywui10x*
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition n}0n!Pr^
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1 Introduction aia`mO]
1.1 Lens Design Books HK}br!?
1.2 Reference Material 3Xyk Ij1
1.3 Specifications b0X <)1O
1.4 Lens Design 'k^d-Mh>h
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 'N aNh0y
1.6 About This Book P;~`%,+S
9ZXkuP9vm
2 Automatic Lens Design T0HNld
2.2 The Merit Function Oly"ll*K
2.3 Local Minima 28 7g 5
2.4 The Landscape Lens 9t$#!2z
2.5 Types of Merit Function aMv?D(Meb
2.6 Stagnation yV"k:_O{
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing XotiKCk|Aq
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization Q[PVkZ
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems +lYo5\1=
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits @ FNaCmBX
2.11 Spectral Weighting {"v~1W)
2.12 How to Get Started I:|< };m m
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3 Improving a Design )NF5,eD
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques rgo#mTQ_
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) zv%]j0 ?
3.3 Splitting Elements mY UR(*[
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 3#\++h]QZ
3.5 Compounding an Element " FD`1
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses q\DN8IJ
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem -G'U\EXT
3.8 Balancing Aberrations hZZ
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle EKgY
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces jm ORKX+)
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design Yamu"#
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation ~`Y!_ '(x
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance s78MXS?py
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations [,bra8f[C
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function @5RbMf{
4.5 Fabrication Considerations i Y,Ffu E
kJ'rtz4QO
5 Lens Design Data 02 $d
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs AONEUSxJ
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots .#q]{j@Ot
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign `{ KdmWhW
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF
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5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots Sj'Iz #
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot
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6 Telescope Objective AAXlBY6Y-
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet F G:t2ea
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ?W 6
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6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective e S: 8Pn
6.4 Spherochromatism H 8 x66}
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration .vnQZ*6
6.6 Induced Aberrations \<aR^Sj.
6.7 Three-Element Objectives XN^l*Q?3n
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ^? V9
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ;x|7"lE
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design fsjCu!
6.11 A Final Note ZX8 AB
h/oC9?v
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers V/&JArW
7.1 Eyepieces 5La' I7q
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs ^` S.Mw.
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces `Sx1?@8(
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular L`"j> ),
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces ^ O3i)GO
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces Et! 6i7`]
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier h-<Qj,L{W
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces ?CD[jX}!
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats L,O.XR
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats /UqIkc
8.2 Glass Choice #|"M
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations `m` Y3I
8.4 Other Design Considerations L O;?#e 7
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens 2EH0d6nt
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet R=J5L36F
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet ]7{
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8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses yBR YEqS+
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Q_)$Ha{>H,
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness Qt\^h/zjG
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9 Split Triplets _+9o'<#u(
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets (nwp s
10.1 The Classic Tessar #O lPnP 2
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac &Nw[ J5-"k
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens gtnu/ Q
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets J(: y-U
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar 4( dgunP
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats xpp>5d
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11.1 Meniscus Components jN AS'JV
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon ||))gI`3a
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens aH dQi,=z
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses Q d/x{a8
11.5 The Split Dagor X4<Y5?&0
11.6 The Dogmar ,1B` Ve
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens NM"5.
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens Kk).KgR
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version "r~/E|Da<
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens ^ X-6j[".
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ^ib
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12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet Z7NR%u_|[
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element _3IRj=Cs
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar "Hk7 s+%
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay :=*V i `
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13 Telephoto Lenses {DapXx
13.1 The Basic Telephoto g2? yT ?
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses k;Fxr%
13.3 Telephoto Designs #;= sJ[m4
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch Sf*gAwnW
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses p L . 0_
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle e{H(
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens B1A:} #
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses |\>Ifv% {
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses I_ AFHrj
91 -[[<
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses LLKYc y
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens dvM%" k
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens m L-6+pJ@
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener H>Ucmd;ay
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses 6a<zZO`Z6+
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems &;sW4jnt
hV +=hX<h
17 Microscope Objectives ~uV(/?o%
17.1 General Considerations \8g=
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front MxH |yo[
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives gZ iwXb
17.4 Reflecting Objectives S 503b*pM
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs >=:^N- a
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems UmArl)R/
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors T2n3g|4
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems %E" v@
18.3 Catadioptric Systems _u'y7-
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems 1rS8+!9C
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids <k0/O
18.6 Unobscured Systems 3 /PvH E{R
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” f-634KuP
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems wFMw&=j
19.1 Infrared Optics ~4|Tr z2T
19.2 IR Objective Lenses E *IP#:R
19.3 IR Telescope Rt:^'Qi$!
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders @qYT/V*/
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems pTB 7k3g
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ,p#r; O<O
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20 Zoom Lenses 0m=57c$O
20.1 Zoom Lenses N:okt)q:%
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras T"a E] 4_
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens
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20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens ##} 7cFX
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ksCF"o /@V
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 1/~=61msc
21.1 Projection TV Lenses :`E p#[Wvo
21.2 Macro Lenses aj,o<J
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses FE]UqB
22.1 Monochromatic Systems ;TS%e[lFhQ
22.2 Scanner Lenses mU~&oU
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses ?3 k_YN"
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23 Tolerance Budgeting (KwC,0p
23.1 The Tolerance Budget c/ih%xR
23.2 Additive Tolerances x} nBU q:
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget TVx
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24 Formulary {~u Ti >U
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions vf$IF|
24.2 The Cardinal Points #9Jr?K43
24.3 Image Equations !_QT{H
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) \gB ~0@[\7
24.5 Invariants U4^c{KWS
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) .c ~z^6x
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships H1 7I" 5N
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions *z)gS X
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs l)dE7$H
24.10 Stop Shift Equations \D(3~y>
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces UAT\ .
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) Je6wio- 4
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Glossary 0 p ?AL=
Reference 11YJ W-V
Index
