[转载]FRED运用：Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 K`25G_Y3@  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 UUlrfur~  
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模型 f_&bwfbo  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 UqP%S$9  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. {=Y.Z1E:  
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光源 >q:0w{.TU  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 1i.t^PY  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 >|Hd*pg))  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 }538vFNi  
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视网膜的散射 6<h?%j(  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 QT5,_+ho  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 6QCU:2IiL  
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脚本 l%aiG+z%6}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： X0=#e54  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 7>g^OE f  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 2BU%4IG  
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分析 (f^K\7HM  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 [jD.l;jF  
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脚本代码 <c[+60p"  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ,cR=W|6cQm  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ZiBTe,;  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Z|YiYQl[)  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL >Lh+(M;+F  
Dim A As Double : QK )Ym  
Dim pupilDiam As Double v2>.+Eh#  
Dim eID As Long Z:l.{3J$  
Dim parID As Long RcUKe,  
Dim count As Integer e}u#:ysj  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ('/5#^%R  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ncEOz1u  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double QU/Q5k  
Dim ok As Long yq{k:)  
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Sub Main WXqrx*?*+  
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    '用户输入对话框 *5DOTWos  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 $7{|  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 7l"N%e  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Cd:ofv/3  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 rrGsam\.  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 V9:h4]  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 \;w+_<zE5{  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 hadGF%> O6  
    End Dialog CD\
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog JzA`*X[  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) [KIK}:  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed F&r+"O)^-R  
        Print "Execution cancelled." WN?1J4H  
        End |Uz?i7z  
    End If V 0Ul`  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 7xAzd# c?=  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then )NeI]p  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ]| oh1q  
    Else JO:40V?op  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) OO.. Y  
    End If U88-K1G  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 30 VvZb  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter =F2e*?a3  
    Else V#;6<H"  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) =/@c9QaVB  
    End If 4&IBNc,sn  
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    Print " " \>NjeMuWU  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" |t^7L )&y  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" " &B/v"nj  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation yZ t}Jnv  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 0r=:l/Pz  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens k36%n
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens S_cba(0-|\  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ^|DI9G(Bs  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens tp2CMJc{L  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness V.PbAN  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction CLI!(8ZW  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation vKppXm1  
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    '************************************************************************* 'ypJGm  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) +D|y))fE  
    '************************************************************************* x0wy3+GZc  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )P\Vd #  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity [nBlHI;&  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Eh;SH^&6  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ;wCp j9hir  
    count = 0 /X)fWO S6  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \k;)m-0bj{  
        GetOperation eID, count, op "FI]l<G&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %7q,[g8  
            DeleteOperation eID,count R?g qPi-  
            count=count-1 {q%&~  
        End If H)1< ;{:  
        count=count+1 g9OO#C>  
    Wend ;3NA,JA#Y  
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    'Set new shift in `-S6g^Y  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" V}ZF\SG(K  
    op.val1 = taq HErTFY+vC  
    op.parent = parID .Rxz;-VA  
    AddOperation eID, op jJ86Ch  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 (u@p
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    '************************************************************************* S!o!NSn@1  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens :i+Tf~k{  
    '************************************************************************* ,6?L.L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) hp6S *d  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic gl-O"%rMcL  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant T:S+Pt~  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant z>+@pj   
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    '************************************************************************* aB~?Y+m  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ZZp6@@zyq'  
    '************************************************************************* !Y/$I?13Z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) W>036  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic C0;c'4(  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost k_.%(ZE  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost n\&[^Q#b|  
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    '************************************************************************* <m"Zk k  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) s<LF=qGu  
    '************************************************************************* z 7OTL<h  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) K"-.K]O8E%  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) o7E?A  
    count = 0 u-0-~TwD  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4M'y9(  
        GetOperation eID, count, op p7}xgUxX  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?n9gqwO  
            DeleteOperation eID,count !_)*L+7f_  
            count=count-1 ,Hn{nVU1R=  
        End If Z?Y14L~%  
        count=count+1 x\!Q[  
    Wend <[Ae0UK  
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    'Set new z-shift fEF1&&8^  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @#$5_uU8\(  
    op.val1 = tlens \&|)?'8rS  
    op.parent = parID ntE;*FyH  
    AddOperation eID, op 3G|n`dj  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens s0 hD;`cm  
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    '*************************************************************************  chW 1UE  
    'Lens index of refraction E$dPu  
    '************************************************************************* l -us j%\  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) =B_v
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat `)$'1,]u  
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    mat.Nd = nlens oF[l<OY4  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat uH S)  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ]P;Ng=a  
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    '************************************************************************* $Kn{x!,"(  
    'Pupil diameter fvgjqiT  
    '************************************************************************* 1TeYA6 t  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) $lmGMljF  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) raRb K8CQ  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" hOjy$Z  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens d[(KgX9  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9`eu&n@Z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) &y"e|aE  
    count = 0 R@Ch3l@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .jW+\mIX  
        GetOperation eID, count, op <hazrKUn  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then WZ`u"t^2V  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ew8f7S[  
            count=count-1 N9 yL(2  
        End If `) s]T.-  
        count=count+1 0w[#`  
    Wend dHjJLs_  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Oo<L~7B  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 #wn`choT'  
    op.parent = parID ea!_/Y  
    AddOperation eID, op w4w[q
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam CPGiKE  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description #1c%3KaZI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) d2f   
    GetEntity eID, entity jinDKJ,n;  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ^ 'W<|  
    SetEntity eID, entity Kppi N+||  
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    Update _)AX/%^%  
    Print "DONE!" @}sxA9a  
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End Sub znm3b8ns  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： =y)e&bj  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters S[g{ )p)  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm %dA6vHI,  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Y#[jDS(ip  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 H4l*  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Fo  K!JX*  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ;VVKn=X=S=  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 A|3'9i
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Set pupil diameter = 4 $2lrP]`>j.  
DONE! -DWyKR= j"  
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