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    [转载]FRED运用:Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线xunjigd
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2016-02-24
    简介 :j`XU  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 IU"8.(;o  
    l>("L9  
    模型 ]jR-<l8I-  
    HaF&ooI5+  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 (.b!kfC  
    0QEcJ]Qb8  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    #(Yd'qKo  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ~N )(|N  
    @2>ce2+  
    光源 V2g"5nYT  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 V h5\'Sn  
    x$pz(Q&v  
    |Vp ?  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    LwH+X:?i  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 aaI5x  
    "i!W(}x+  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Q*8 x Bi1  
    Iomx"y]9  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 T ^/\Rr  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 -@~4:o  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 w!}kcn<  
    X& XD2o"rt  
    M1*x47bN  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    $M1;d1e6'  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 hl8oE5MU  
    -)DxF<8B  
    [5GzY`/m  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    6f+@@=Xc  
    脚本 8C I\NR{x8  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: lEw!H^O4  
    *QoQ$alHH  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    2=| Ks]<P  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 s|R`$+'{  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 k7 Ne(4P  
    8]4W@~c  
    分析 ayN[y  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Z/OERO   
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    &b]_#c   
    脚本代码 O44Fj)  
    ~6[3Km|2  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ]zI*}(adu  
    9zpOp-K6  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY :GM3n$  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 6s$h _$[X  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL `a@YbuLd  
    Dim A As Double ^>z+e"PQA  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 1W7ClT_cQ  
    Dim eID As Long l4^MYwFR{O  
    Dim parID As Long _t6 .9CXl  
    Dim count As Integer &B$%|~Y5  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ~hT(uxU/  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double uao#=]?)  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double WKq{g+a  
    Dim ok As Long ayLINpL  
    f;b f R&v  
    Sub Main  X$_z"t  
    =3GgfU5k  
        '用户输入对话框 Xzqx8Kd  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 fhro"5/4  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 9Wdx"g52_D  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 <"7Wb"+  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 [`1@`5SL-  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 mD,fxm{G  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 xBE}/F$ 45  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 1:q`KkJx  
        End Dialog 5$*=;ls>J  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Z5"5Ge-M  
    -LlS9[r0  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) f~f)6XU|  
    X//=OpS`  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed <Q_E3lQy/  
            Print "Execution cancelled." uFfk!  
            End id>2G %Tx  
        End If 0fN; L;v  
    w`F'loUEt  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 'lOpoWDL  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then OS=~<ba  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 43!E>mq  
        Else (b7',:_U7  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) $IJ"fs  
        End If kXO c)  
    9{-H/YS\_s  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then R'^J#"[  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter -.5R.~@  
        Else @CKMJ^#|  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) H2yPVJ\Y)"  
        End If U(hIT9  
    XM`&/)  
        Print " " jN/snU2\0  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Am >b7Z!  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" MKX58y{+  
    7 LiyA<  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 2F/oWt|w?  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness /Nhc|x6zQ  
    #`%V/#YK  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens n/% M9osF  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens $|I hO  
    ?BU?c:"f  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens nd{k D>a  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens MSe >1L2=  
    r<DPh5ReY  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness lr)9U 7  
    qCm8R@  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction i({MID)/_  
    'N\nJz}  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation FaKZ|~Y e  
    +9.GNu  
        '************************************************************************* LKg9{0Y:  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Z OqD.=O(  
        '************************************************************************* !j9(%,PR  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) p\tA&>3-  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 4XSq\.@G  
    !y3XIbdS"  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fjm 3X$tR  
    :DFtH13qO  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ,v#3A7"yW  
        count = 0 S"@@BQ#mf  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count XLlJ|xhY-K  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ]G,BSttD  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then I:YE6${k!  
                DeleteOperation eID,count YOUX  
                count=count-1 m(CsO|pz  
            End If Gyc _B  
            count=count+1 <WL] (-9I:  
        Wend u|(Iu}sE=  
    rfV{+^T;  
        'Set new shift in v3cLU7bi?2  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" +; =XiB5R  
        op.val1 = taq fBKN?]BdN  
        op.parent = parID /pJr%}sc  
        AddOperation eID, op }*7Gq  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 R  xc  
    -$`q:j  
        '************************************************************************* G#6O'G N  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens @QDpw1;V'  
        '************************************************************************* F`.W 9H3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) CH$* =3M  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic kE1k@h#/  
    |oR#j `  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant m[Qr>="  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @`aPr26>?  
    DO~~  
        '************************************************************************* sAjN<P  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens x6Q_+!mnk  
        '************************************************************************* sfsK[c5bm  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #y1M1Og  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $LtCI  
    Kp6%=JjO  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost +xNq8yS  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 8cj}9}k  
    8*eVP*g  
        '************************************************************************* $^W|@et{ ]  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) U \jFB*U  
        '************************************************************************* Srrzj-9^)K  
    )~#3A@  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) F`o"t]AD-a  
    Nb\B*=4AR  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) cgR8+o  
        count = 0 ;z~j%L%b  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~2QD.(  
            GetOperation eID, count, op rC6EgWt<V  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then la`f@~Bbr1  
                DeleteOperation eID,count XKvH^Z4h{l  
                count=count-1 kM3#[#6$!  
            End If YyC$\HH6  
            count=count+1 8[oZ>7LMzC  
        Wend v5*JBW+c*  
    AdRK)L  
        'Set new z-shift B8zc#0!1  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" }q:4Zh'l!  
        op.val1 = tlens "f-HOd\=  
        op.parent = parID 5B;;{GR  
        AddOperation eID, op nsu RG  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens gVs@T'  
    aQ0pYk~(  
        '************************************************************************* l$C Y gm  
        'Lens index of refraction %5j*e  
        '************************************************************************* B%z+\<3^q  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) {G{ >Qa|  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat aO* v"^oF  
    {Bb:\N8X  
        mat.Nd = nlens |^gnT`+  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat Oki{)Ssy  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 1/c+ug!y  
    ]vH:@%3U  
        '************************************************************************* &PFK0tY  
        'Pupil diameter cPX^4d~9  
        '************************************************************************* %t]{C06w+{  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ZN!<!"~  
    !'a <Dw5  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ym2"D?P (  
    0Q[;{}W}  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ]qiX"<s>~C  
    i~rb-~o  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens BVS SO's  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) FPu$Nd&\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) X5=I{eY}  
        count = 0 C9eisUM  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h79~d%-  
            GetOperation eID, count, op .L.9e#?3  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lF\2a&YRbn  
                DeleteOperation eID,count G}@a]EGm  
                count=count-1 TpxAp',#7  
            End If Ij:yTu   
            count=count+1 6u{%jSA>D\  
        Wend Ka$lNL3<j  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" NdC5w-WY  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 AL|3_+G  
        op.parent = parID ]2MX7  
        AddOperation eID, op n'!x"O7  
    Nf}i /  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam =D)ADZ\<r  
    T/jxsIt3  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description D0h6j0r 5  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8[:G/8VI  
        GetEntity eID, entity ~iq=J5IN#  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" #{J+BWP\o  
        SetEntity eID, entity P[r$KGz  
    aTs9lr:  
        Update xsU3c0wbr8  
        Print "DONE!" N3w y][bo  
         $ SZIJe"K  
    End Sub NosOd*S  
    7yOBxb   
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: w4l]rH  
    ?5wsgP^  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters bl\;*.s'  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm :0Fc E,1  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 QRwOv  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 o8S P#ET"n  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 W3n[qVZIC  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ..=lM:13|  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 %Lq}5zB  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 nPH\Lra  
    DONE! =`l><  
    NWj4U3x  
    (文章来源:讯技光电)
     
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