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    [转载]FRED运用:Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2016-02-24
    简介 )UUe5H6Hd0  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?8/h3xV;  
    iHB)wC`u  
    模型 b>WT-.b0  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 i|GC 'XD@  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. }IL@j A  
    * vD<6qf  
    光源 aoS1Yt'@  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 .EwK>ro4  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 e+TNG &_  
    <i-RF-*S  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 lla96\R  
    ^p/mJ1/s7  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 R#M).2::  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 <5%We(3  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 aT#|mk=\  
    6~LpBlb  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 @T"385>  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 e<K=Q$U.  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: O/Vue  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 it$~uP |  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 wlJ1,)n^2  
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    分析 yr?\YKV)I  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ?AE%N.rnsi  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 tr Ls4o,  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. aF:LL>H  
    novZ<?7 5;  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Ad`IgZ  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION .;'xm_Gw<  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ZfU_4Pl->  
    Dim A As Double R[QE:#hT  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double .JE7vPv%!  
    Dim eID As Long 9YKEME+:  
    Dim parID As Long "<n{/x(  
    Dim count As Integer {<@~;iq  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double pyKMi /)bL  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double `*]r.u0  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double _[ x(p6Xp  
    Dim ok As Long i!NGX  
    ~$`b{  
    Sub Main hf[K\aAk  
    LBg#KQ @  
        '用户输入对话框 zv41Yv!x}  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 m<E7cY3mX  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 jVDNThm+  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 (<12&=WxE  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 -?uwlpm#  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ^P[*yf  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 N`M5`=.  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 tc[PJH&P  
        End Dialog ]@xc9 tlG  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog *M{1RMc  
    x\*5A,w{c]  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) 7Ny>W(8  
    ?@~FT1"6G  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed q9OIw1xQr*  
            Print "Execution cancelled." SV.*Z|"^N  
            End QwhPN'U  
        End If @:Ns`+ W*  
    er53?z7zP.  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty zVIzrz0  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then \sk,3b-&'  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ;j$84o{  
        Else Ac|`5'/Tx  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) eu# ||  
        End If R{T4AZ@,'  
    pH4i6B*5  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then !n7?w@2a'  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter !%Ak15o  
        Else vOqT Ld  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0xC!d-VIJ  
        End If b`^$2RM&  
    w:qwU\U>x  
        Print " " +/ #J]v-  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" IcA]<}0!"v  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" o*<(,I%  
    @FQ@* XD  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 9U+^8,5  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 2-$R@ SVy  
    $lO\eQGxB  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens b&LhydaJ  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 8J)x>6  
    D,NjDIG8  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens C ZJW`c/  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens dZZHk  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness tvd/Y|bV=  
    Ar|_UV>Zf  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ztu N0}'  
    aUd6 33  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Ngg (<ZN  
    [x@iqFO9  
        '************************************************************************* W] RxRdY6[  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) f1Rm9``  
        '************************************************************************* c^m}ep\F5L  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9;:Lf  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ?A]:`l_"  
    b6#V0bDXHD  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) J&lQ,T!?B  
    Jr#ptf"Wu  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z grv 3aa@  
        count = 0 Zu5`-[mw  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count UA{A G;  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 6Z7{|B5}Y  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then CnJO]0Op3  
                DeleteOperation eID,count zV%U4P)Dao  
                count=count-1 T@X!vCjf6  
            End If J.~$^-&!  
            count=count+1 @*F NWT6  
        Wend [IiwpC  
    n`}vcVL;  
        'Set new shift in si)920?E&  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 4SmhtC  
        op.val1 = taq tM~R?9OaJ  
        op.parent = parID qRTy}FU1  
        AddOperation eID, op ,b2Cl[  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 EWbFy"=  
    7 v#sr<  
        '************************************************************************* mlX^5h'  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ,LG6py&aT  
        '************************************************************************* ) _"`{2  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) X5=Dc+  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "(/.3`g  
    l\a 0 k4  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant |]^OX$d  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 0z.Hl1  
    %b0..Zz  
        '************************************************************************* ~p^6  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens C}#JvNyQ  
        '************************************************************************* )V} t(>V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) zuXJf+]  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _r&`[@m  
    e5C560  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost NEJxd%-  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 7@5}WNr  
    d XrLeoK  
        '************************************************************************* Wfz&:J#  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) y?;&(Tcbt8  
        '************************************************************************* G-xW&wC-  
    fC52nK&T8  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) t*~V]wZ  
    k#&d`?X  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) NO8)XJ3s  
        count = 0 l>Z"y\l =  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count c&J,O1){\  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Z-.`JkKd8  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K#kU6/  
                DeleteOperation eID,count gYw4YP0Gz  
                count=count-1 `~F=  
            End If txw:m*(%  
            count=count+1 ]^$3S  
        Wend p~6/  
    iG^o@*}a  
        'Set new z-shift Z~[c65Nlu  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" .k|8nNj  
        op.val1 = tlens \x5b=~/   
        op.parent = parID mbK$_HvU  
        AddOperation eID, op 7='lu;=,  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 6=0"3%jn@  
    jTH,GF  
        '************************************************************************* q ^Un,h64t  
        'Lens index of refraction }w}2'P'T  
        '************************************************************************* |VQ17*4ff1  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) HN]roSt~  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat wsYvbI!  
    ~7IXJeon  
        mat.Nd = nlens tN&4t xB  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat w9Bbvr6  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens g4EC[>5!r  
    #?DwOUw  
        '************************************************************************* 6 GqR]KD  
        'Pupil diameter B>hf|.GI  
        '************************************************************************* B+:/!_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) p#g o<Y#  
    [T<nTB# w  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) E<]O,z;F  
    +twl`Z3n  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" la+RK  
    #q#C_"  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Dukvi;\  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6}4?, r  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 3}~.#`QeY  
        count = 0 %? -E)n[  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count cNOtfn6?F  
            GetOperation eID, count, op jwhc;y  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then d 5jZ?  
                DeleteOperation eID,count W<| M0S{  
                count=count-1 i[_B~/_  
            End If c_wvuKa  
            count=count+1 2t 7':X  
        Wend ZEa31[@B[  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" .Nt;J,U  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 >J(._K  
        op.parent = parID a8nqzuI  
        AddOperation eID, op 5argw+2s4$  
    b?i5C4=K  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam rMr:\M]t  
    89n\$7Ff9  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description %  ]G'u  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) bji5X')~#  
        GetEntity eID, entity [>--U)/  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 69< <pm,m  
        SetEntity eID, entity FJ-X~^  
    [~_)]"pU  
        Update BV;dV6`z  
        Print "DONE!" Z:eB9R#2y  
         k0r93 xa  
    End Sub b:B+x6M  
    cPunMHD  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: =1#obB  
    _\&v A5-  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 'k'"+  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm J(>T&G;  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 aFw \ w>*^  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6&* z  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ==#mlpi`S[  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 Dc@OrQu  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 f?JP=j  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 6+ UTEw;  
    DONE! p C^=?!:U  
    +L0Jje>Az  
    (文章来源:讯技光电)
     
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