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    [转载]FRED运用:Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2016-02-24
    简介 pPU2ar  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 B&to&|jf  
    4j2~"K  
    模型 !;6W!%t.|  
    * N2#{eF&]  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 HE4`9$kVLr  
    ;g!xQvcR  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    ~r7DEy|+  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Iht mD@H}  
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    光源 |8b$x| B  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 1ZGQhjcx  
    bUpmU/ RW  
    |rG8E;>  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 .oW~:mY  
    ~M|NzK_9  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 $L $j KNwf  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 Uj y6vgU;  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 fwz5{>ON]  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 !c3Qcva  
    U:C-\ M  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 0Te)s3X  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 mU e@Dud  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: '2i)#~YO<  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 X8NO;w@z#  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 D|8sjp4  
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    分析 .j]OO/,  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ;Fwm1ezx0  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 9cx!N,R t  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. r5fz6"  
    \M1M2(@pDJ  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY {O3oUE+  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION OL6xMToP  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL (Mire%$h  
    Dim A As Double %o _0M^3W  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Ke;X3j ]`  
    Dim eID As Long MSm`4lw  
    Dim parID As Long S &lTKYP  
    Dim count As Integer 3T.M?UG>  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 3Wtv+L7Br  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ]I.& .?^i0  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double OKLggim{  
    Dim ok As Long wshp{ y  
    Rs( CrB/M  
    Sub Main Gh>fp  
    1RUbY>K#U  
        '用户输入对话框 Eg- Mm4o  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ,oi`BOh  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 \i;~~;D  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 "3KSmb   
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 { ves@p>?  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 *~lgU4  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Ns(L1'9=  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 =='{[[J  
        End Dialog GVHfN5bTqn  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog _XO)`D~  
    '2q xcco  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) U(&nh ?  
    EX_sJc  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed aSj1P/A  
            Print "Execution cancelled."  W$VCST  
            End bCx1g/   
        End If GPqB\bxb'  
    }+RF~~H/  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty LK-6z w5=(  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then _*?"[TYfX  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation  _I}L$  
        Else V]PhXVJ  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 22|M{  
        End If O[(HE 8E  
    uW-- nXMs  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 'LLQ[JJ=O  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter cZX&itVc:  
        Else P+%)0*W  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) |I^Jn@Mq:  
        End If j{w,<Wt>  
    JW.&uV1Z  
        Print " " OFL+Q~~C  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters"  yLIj4bf  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" FC- *?  
    $$;2jX"I  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation "M#`y!__  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness _x|8U'|Ce  
    7'/2:"  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens [ *a>{sO[  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens iF_r'+j  
    e]B<\i\T  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 5!Mp#lO  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens e2o9)=y  
    Oi&w_ Z0  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness A_*Lo6uII  
    HNUR6H&Fta  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction B+$Q"  
    }b\q<sNE{  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation it|:P  
    vKOn7  
        '************************************************************************* Tvw2py q  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) adr^6n6 v  
        '************************************************************************* CZ%"Pqy&1L  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #YYvc`9  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ao5yW;^y  
    :yFCp@&  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5%aKlx9^#  
    Bv]wHPun  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z \bl,_{z?  
        count = 0 +/lj~5:y  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3rdxXmx  
            GetOperation eID, count, op z>g& ?vo2  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0Lz56e'j  
                DeleteOperation eID,count x]+KO)I  
                count=count-1 $"n)C  
            End If !4.^@^L|\  
            count=count+1 OxGCpbh*7o  
        Wend Wv/5#_  
    ~{$'sp0  
        'Set new shift in 7Bd_/A($  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" fTtSx_}3H  
        op.val1 = taq MCpK^7]k  
        op.parent = parID I[IQFka}  
        AddOperation eID, op R* G>)YH  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 a2_IF,p*?  
    M@[gT?m v1  
        '************************************************************************* PCnJ2  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 3evfX[V#  
        '************************************************************************* G'C^C[_W  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) V+5 n|L5  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic gCI'YEx  
    OWfj<#}t+  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Z'bMIdV  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant B&j+fi  
    ?\VN`8Yb  
        '************************************************************************* 4DM|OL`w  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Mo|5)8_  
        '************************************************************************* ?|YQtY  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Q</HFpE  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic leJd) {  
    .JKaC>oX  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost BQf+1 Ly&  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost @CUDD{1o  
    S$/3Kq  
        '************************************************************************* T )]|o+G  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) TBYL~QQD\C  
        '************************************************************************* e2ZUl` {g  
    hrt-<7U  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )  Jl,x~d  
    F4gc_>{|  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) k5 l~  
        count = 0 S6Pb V}  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count rrRC5h  
            GetOperation eID, count, op bZfJG^3  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9DE)5/c`v  
                DeleteOperation eID,count )Q?[_<1Y+  
                count=count-1 UbH=W(%  
            End If xWV7#Z7  
            count=count+1 4;{CR. D  
        Wend e 3oIoj4o  
    K#m o+n5-;  
        'Set new z-shift z H4#\d  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" _%!hkc(  
        op.val1 = tlens ~h+3WuOv  
        op.parent = parID V@f#/"u'  
        AddOperation eID, op }1 ^.A84a  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens X[6 z  
    <Ux;dekz}  
        '************************************************************************* 8;rS"!qM  
        'Lens index of refraction H>9$L~  
        '************************************************************************* vkmR cX:/  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" )  }"tYb6*  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat r6G)R+#  
    "rJL ^ \r  
        mat.Nd = nlens =v9;HPiO  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat (#k#0T kE  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens OD|&qsbL  
    '5\1uB PKW  
        '************************************************************************* j]^]p; An  
        'Pupil diameter U5=J;[w}N  
        '************************************************************************* f#mpd]e+6  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) (FHh,y~v  
    >O=V1  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) K2Zy6lGOZ  
    |{Q,,<C  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ^;bkU|(`6  
    24fWj?A|^  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens RR|Eqm3)  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Wd# 6Y}:  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) [XK"$C]jHJ  
        count = 0 5Tq 3L[T5;  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $4pW#4/4  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 3WS % H17  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !5-[kG&  
                DeleteOperation eID,count k=[R o  
                count=count-1 tB.9Ov*  
            End If 1;V5b+b  
            count=count+1 wd *Jq  
        Wend DS fKUx&  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" arJ[.f9s  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 8:bNFgJD  
        op.parent = parID &V L<Rx  
        AddOperation eID, op 0a5P@;"a  
    ';%g^!lM a  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam TXM.,5Dx\  
    sh 1fz 6g  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description $nW>]S\|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4=Zlsp  
        GetEntity eID, entity g@L4G?hLn  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 57r)&8  
        SetEntity eID, entity FW4 hqgE@  
    c=gUY~Rl  
        Update t +_G%tv  
        Print "DONE!" 1N &U{#4  
         '%,Re-8O  
    End Sub 5V0=-K  
    '"EOLr\Z,  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: <~3 a aO  
    +-"#GL~cC  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ?#'qY6 ^  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm BI s!  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 tXx9N_/  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 \ gN) GR  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 -:QyWw/d  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 *QVE>{  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 vR,'':  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 *=8)]_=f  
    DONE! M\%{!Wzo8  
    9fiZ5\  
    (文章来源:讯技光电)
     
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