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简介 )UUe5H6Hd0 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?8/h3xV; iHB)wC`u 模型 b>WT-.b0 vL0Ol-Vt 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 i|GC 'XD@ V|`|CVFo] Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 j+/*NM_y3 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. }IL@j A *
vD<6qf 光源 aoS1Yt'@ G.T1rUh= 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 .EwK>ro4 hrF4 a$ 2D"/k'iA 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 8E{>czF" 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 e+TNG &_ <i-RF-*S 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 lla96\R ^p/mJ1/s7 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 R#M).2:: {VG6m
Hw 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 %#~Wk|8} Q 视网膜的散射 <5%We(3 {{\HU0g>& 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 aT #|mk=\ 6~LpBlb yM@cml6Ox 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 w0iEx1i 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 @T"385> DP_ \%(A WW=7QCi 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 U^D7T|P$V 脚本 e<K=Q$U. 7Z_iQ1 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: O/Vue 3Daq5(fLP 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 p
WH u[Fu 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 LJD"N#c 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 it$~uP | 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 wlJ1,)n^2 OgX."pK 分析 yr?\YKV)I KMV!Hqkk 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ?AE%N.rnsi F<[8!^l(z 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 x{E[qH_1Fm 脚本代码 trLs4o, vq}V0-
< Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. aF:LL>H novZ<?7 5; Dim entity As T_ENTITY Ad `IgZ Dim op As T_OPERATION .;'xm_Gw< Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ZfU_4Pl-> Dim A As Double R[QE:#hT Dim pupilDiam As Double .JE7vPv%! Dim eID As Long 9YKEME+: Dim parID As Long "<n{/x( Dim count As Integer {<@~;iq Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double pyKMi /)bL Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double `*]r.u0 Dim curv As Double, conic As Double _[x(p6Xp Dim ok As Long i!NGX ~$`b{ Sub Main hf[K\aAk LBg#KQ@ '用户输入对话框 zv41Yv!x} Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 m<E7cY3mX TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 jVDNThm+ Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 (<12&=WxE OKButton 40,91,90,21 -?uwlpm# CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ^P[*yf Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 N`M5`=. TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 tc[PJH&P End Dialog ]@xc9tlG Dim dlg As UserDialog *M{1RMc x\*5A,w{c] ok = Dialog (dlg) 7Ny>W(8 ?@~FT1"6G If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed q9OIw1xQr* Print "Execution cancelled." SV.*Z|"^N End QwhPN'U End If @:Ns`+ W* er53?z7zP. 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty zVIzrz0 If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then \sk,3b-&' A = 0 'Default accommodation ;j$84o{ Else Ac|`5'/Tx A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) eu#| | End If R{T4AZ@,' pH4i6B*5 If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then !n7?w@2a' pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter !%Ak15o Else vOqT Ld pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0xC!d-VIJ End If b`^$2RM& w:qwU\U>x Print " " +/ #J]v- Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" IcA]<}0!"v Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" o*<(,I% @FQ@*XD ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 9U+^8,5 taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness 2-$R@
SVy $lO\eQGxB Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens b&LhydaJ CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens 8J)x>6 D,NjDIG8 Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens C ZJW`c/ CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens dZZHk pM>.z9 tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness tvd/Y|bV= Ar|_UV>Zf nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction ztu N0}' aUd633 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Ngg (<ZN [x@iqFO9 '************************************************************************* W] RxRdY6[ 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) f1Rm9`` '************************************************************************* c^m}ep\F5L eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9;:Lf GetCustomElement eID, entity ?A]:`l_" b6#V0bDXHD parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) J&lQ,T!?B Jr#ptf"Wu ' Delete any shift(s) in z grv 3aa@ count = 0 Zu5`-[mw While GetOperationCount(eID)>count UA{A G; GetOperation eID, count, op 6Z7{|B5}Y If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then CnJO]0Op3 DeleteOperation eID,count zV%U4P)Dao count=count-1 T@X!vCjf6 End If J.~$^-&! count=count+1 @*F
NWT6 Wend [IiwpC n`}vcVL; 'Set new shift in si)920?E& op.Type = "ShiftZ" 4SmhtC op.val1 = taq tM~R?9OaJ op.parent = parID qRTy}FU1 AddOperation eID, op ,b2Cl[ Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 EWbFy"= 7v#sr< '************************************************************************* mlX^5h' 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ,LG6py&aT '************************************************************************* )
_"`{2 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) X5=Dc+ GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "(/.3`g l\a 0 k4 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant |]^OX$d Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 0z.Hl1 %b0..Zz '************************************************************************* ~p^6 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens C}#JvNyQ '************************************************************************* )V} t(>V eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) zuXJf+] GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _r&`[@m e5C560 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost NEJxd%- Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 7@5}WNr d XrLeoK '************************************************************************* Wfz&:J# 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) y?;&(Tcbt8 '************************************************************************* G-xW&wC- fC52nK&T8 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) t*~V]wZ k#&d`?X ' Delete any z-shift(s) NO8)XJ3s count = 0 l>Z"y\l= While GetOperationCount(eID)>count c&J,O1){\ GetOperation eID, count, op Z-.`JkKd8 If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K#kU6/ DeleteOperation eID,count gYw4YP0Gz count=count-1 `~F= End If txw:m*(% count=count+1 ]^$3S Wend p~6/ iG^o@*}a 'Set new z-shift Z~[ c65Nlu op.Type = "ShiftZ" .k|8nNj op.val1 = tlens \x5b=~/ op.parent = parID mbK$_HvU AddOperation eID, op 7='lu;=, Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 6=0"3%jn@ jTH,GF '************************************************************************* q ^Un,h64t 'Lens index of refraction }w}2'P'T '************************************************************************* |VQ17*4ff1 eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) HN]roSt~ GetModelMaterial eID, mat wsYvbI! ~7IXJeon mat.Nd = nlens tN&4t
xB SetModelMaterial eID, mat w9Bbvr6 Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens g4EC[>5!r #?DwOUw '************************************************************************* 6 GqR]KD 'Pupil diameter B>hf|.GI '************************************************************************* B+:/!_ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) p#go<Y# [T<nTB# w 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) E<]O,z;F +twl`Z3n SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" la+RK #q#C_" ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Dukvi;\ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6}4?,r eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 3 }~.#`QeY count = 0 %? -E)n[ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count cNOtfn6?F GetOperation eID, count, op jwhc;y If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then d5jZ? DeleteOperation eID,count W<|
M0S{ count=count-1 i[_B~/_ End If c_wvuKa
count=count+1 2t
7':X Wend ZEa31[@B[ op.Type = "ShiftZ"
.Nt;J,U op.val1 = taq-0.01 >J(._K op.parent = parID a8nqzuI AddOperation eID, op 5argw+2s4$ b?i5C4=K Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam rMr:\M]t 89n\$7Ff9 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description %]G'u eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) bji5X')~# GetEntity eID, entity [>--U)/ entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 69< <pm,m SetEntity eID, entity FJ-X~^ [~_)]"pU Update BV;dV6`z Print "DONE!" Z:eB9R#2y k0r93xa End Sub b:B+x6M cPunMHD 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: =1#obB _ \&vA5- Accommodation = 4 Diopters 'k'"+ Pupil Diameter = 4 mm J(>T&G; Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 aFw \w>*^ Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6&* z Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ==#mlpi`S[ Set lens thickness = 3.927 Dc@OrQu Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 f?JP=j Set pupil diameter = 4 6+UTEw; DONE! p C^=?!:U +L0Jje>Az (文章来源:讯技光电)
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