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    [转载]FRED运用:Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线xunjigd
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2016-02-24
    简介 cg]\R1Gm  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 .w.jT"uD!  
    tJ_6dH8Y  
    模型 MHm=X8eg  
    f4h|Nn%;  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 FK^JCs^  
    aLWNqe&1  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    b,k%n_&n  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. %/K'VE6pb  
    =Fd!wkB'{  
    光源 m,u5S=3A{!  
    5Dhpcgq<<  
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 /F(wb_!  
    #TXN\YNP  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    ~"Kf+eFi  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 D^[}:O{  
    >BDK?YMx  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 5)T=^"IHXi  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 tm"9`   
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 [\Ks+S  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 tfSY(cXg'T  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    .[@TC@W  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 DR d|m<Z  
    9i&(VzY[=  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 9L`5r$/  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: =J2cX`  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 4;rt|X77  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 xla64Qld  
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    分析 i42M.M6D$  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 jGeil qPC  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 ~x!"(  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ],?rFK{O  
    3@t&5UjwQ  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 5i<E AKL  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION *2? -6  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL !LG 5q/}&  
    Dim A As Double feSj3,<!  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double y7x&/2  
    Dim eID As Long ;Sc}e/WJj  
    Dim parID As Long Z4"SKsJT/>  
    Dim count As Integer 1TOT}h5  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double $jc&Tk#  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double <hJ%]]  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Q^B !^_M  
    Dim ok As Long c,v?2*<  
    >dr34=(  
    Sub Main *-zOQ=Y  
    &F8N$H  
        '用户输入对话框 nn1T5;  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ytWTJ>L  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 7,.3'cCL^  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 "-WEUz  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 }[$qn|  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 wWaJ%z>3y  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ^#V7\;v$G  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 6]Vf`i  
        End Dialog q JdC5z\[  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog =k{ n! e  
    /qKO9M5A  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) M<%g)jn_  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Z{MR#.I  
            Print "Execution cancelled." Z [aKic  
            End IwTAM9n  
        End If Wv4x^nJ  
    4U;Zs3  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty mZ[tB/  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then fH> I/%  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation &nRbI:R  
        Else |([|F|"  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) (FY<% .Pa  
        End If kdam]L:9  
    w]% |^:  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then mF6 U{=  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter TTfU(w%&P  
        Else q_R^Q>ZIe  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) T1([P!g*  
        End If KkCA*GS  
    FUD M]:XQ  
        Print " " pSPVY2qKX  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" N!TC}#}l  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Mq#sSBE<K  
    b.4H4LV  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Q|CLis-  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness W pdn^=dhL  
    2H]~X9,z2  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens mDG=h6y"V  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 0&W*U{0F\  
    0o>l+c  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens c:@lR/oe"  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens F.DR Gi.i  
    U.kTdNSp  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness v!~ ;Q O  
    5>nb A8  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction  &3:U&}I  
    VOa7qnh4:[  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation "fq8)  
    oE;SZ"$ x  
        '************************************************************************* < 9 vS  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }23#z  
        '************************************************************************* #% 1|$V*:  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ^]_5oFRIj  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity y?}R,5k  
    jW< aAd  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `Cv@16  
    br[n5  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 8euh]+  
        count = 0 `;R [*7  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count mi>CHa+$  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Fb^Ae6/i  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "AayU  
                DeleteOperation eID,count p&O-]o8  
                count=count-1 :8CYTEc  
            End If vrr` ^UB2  
            count=count+1 @&4s)&-F  
        Wend V1 :aR3*!  
    8va&*J? 2  
        'Set new shift in -|/kg7IO\  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ss4<s 5:y  
        op.val1 = taq |E7)s;}D  
        op.parent = parID d=$1Z. ]  
        AddOperation eID, op M,WC+")Z=  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 yrgb6)]nm@  
    /qeSR3WC  
        '************************************************************************* `(dRb  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens %CaUC'  
        '************************************************************************* g0&Rl  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) F# a)"$j;  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic L74Sx0nk=  
    zB@@Gs>  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant BGSqfr1F  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant D,)^l@UP  
    xdV $dDCT  
        '************************************************************************* {R{Io|   
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens noLb  
        '************************************************************************* +'{@Xe}  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Hrd z1:#6,  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic h=`1sfz  
    {W5D)  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost <Ky6|&!  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost .:(N1n'>1  
    CNRiK;nQ  
        '************************************************************************* xSal=a;k  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ,2y " \_  
        '************************************************************************* aDreN*n  
    pSml+A:  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Ac@ zTK6>  
    |vLlEN/S  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 3~uWrZ.u  
        count = 0 R2%>y5dD  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4-dV%DgC  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Hswgv$n  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then d mj T$a|  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 1X45~  
                count=count-1 cYaf QyU  
            End If ~5xs$ub  
            count=count+1 4CdST3  
        Wend z/IZ ;K_e  
    x(UOt;  
        'Set new z-shift #ivN-WKCl  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" a!?&8$^<  
        op.val1 = tlens nP+]WUnY  
        op.parent = parID =C[2"Y4JK0  
        AddOperation eID, op C*f3PB=H_  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens KW[Jft  
    _H (:$=$Q  
        '************************************************************************* dAZh# i[  
        'Lens index of refraction ,7{}}l  
        '************************************************************************* bR*/d-v^  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) mI[$c"!BD  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat H |K}m,g  
    e#uk+]  
        mat.Nd = nlens \;%DDw  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat = Nd &My  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ZvS|a~jO  
    .-(s`2  
        '************************************************************************* 9j6  
        'Pupil diameter Q5N;MpJ-  
        '************************************************************************* f/VrenZ_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 5 1\N+  
    npW1Z3n  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) BW61WH?  
    Q;3 v ]h_  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" M-B-  
    >cEB ,@~  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens @fVCGV?'  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .L X8ko  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) hR]AUH  
        count = 0 ^6Std x_  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5>e3srKu  
            GetOperation eID, count, op fy(i<L Z  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  );cu{GY  
                DeleteOperation eID,count =R>%}5  
                count=count-1 z z4.gkU  
            End If JmR) g  
            count=count+1 oo:(GfO}  
        Wend e0#/3$\aSV  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" N!`8-ap\^  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ;8G( l   
        op.parent = parID =>0+BD  
        AddOperation eID, op .skR4f,h  
    NB z3j  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam :IZ(9=hs  
    bwm?\l.A  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description PKx ewd  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3gn) q>Xj$  
        GetEntity eID, entity :jFKTG  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 5G\CT&cQR  
        SetEntity eID, entity &dino  
    #()u=)  
        Update l[2 d{r  
        Print "DONE!" nVTCbV  
         G2nL#l~@)  
    End Sub ]J t8]w  
    G$5N8k[2  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: sh6F-g  
    \xH#X=J  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters o*_O1P  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm }^Unx W  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 1D0_k  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Zm:Wig ,a  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ,u^S(vxyz  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ,=9e]pQ  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 n: ~y]  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 {ZS-]|Kx  
    DONE! 7H-,:8  
    yW$ja|^ E  
    (文章来源:讯技光电)
     
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