|
|
简介 t'BLVCu 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 A$#p%yb h.-@ F 模型 a["2VY6Eq@ s:p[DEj- 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 SV:4GVf rA2g& Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 q6_u@:3u 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 'rMN=1:iu" /I)yU>o 光源 )t$,e2FY FL(6?8zK 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 B*4}GPQ Ggl~nxz }e2(T 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 U>V&-kxtV 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 XK|R8rhg8` A-,up{g 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 0$7s^?G0 Kl2lbe7 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 X5X?&* %{ e&>;*$) 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 A81ls#is 视网膜的散射 #<e\QE'! 6)vSG7Ise 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 L3G \ _Qh
z3'I1 (T!9SU 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 \[gReaI 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 QmLF[\Oo_ F1jglH/MF) GP&vLt51 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 0Z0:,! 脚本 S,<EEtXQ F>]m 3( 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: vC1v"L;[o/ UB 6mqjPK 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 cx}Q2S 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 P(XaTU&- 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 5B&;uY 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 0
;b[QRmy %F:)5gT? 分析 oP!;\a( SL |1ST=O7.LH 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 AC;V
m: @{ hQ(qbt{e 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 jM$`(Y 脚本代码 NPd%M *+uHQgn( Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. qTAc[Ko FBpH21|/y Dim entity As T_ENTITY dn}` i Dim op As T_OPERATION ?Y:8eD"* Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL %I-+Ead0i Dim A As Double ;x:rZV/ Dim pupilDiam As Double LJOr!rWi Dim eID As Long (y?ITz9 Dim parID As Long p=C%Hmd5E Dim count As Integer H"C[&r Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double srYJp^sC Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double mwY
IJy[ Dim curv As Double, conic As Double $&<uT Dim ok As Long ithewup g8w2Vz2/ Sub Main "=6v&G]U4 [74F6Qp '用户输入对话框
qNm$Fx Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 2*N_5&9mE TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 /Nr*`l Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Pt&(npjN, OKButton 40,91,90,21 AgRjr"hF*e CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ,_X/Gb6) Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ^-rfvc TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 \MK*by End Dialog F:D
orE Dim dlg As UserDialog #fJ] o_ Hewd4k ok = Dialog (dlg) e]T`ot#/ ZxlAk+<] If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed f{"8g"[[)( Print "Execution cancelled." 7C$
5 End G NS`.fS End If ?[&2o| = <j"M85. 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ;U<rc'qE If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then {0;3W7 A = 0 'Default accommodation *dvDap|8W Else w|CZ7|6 A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Qc[3Fq,f End If N<QjdD& H*bs31i{ If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ?%VI{[y#> pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter M;0]u.D*= Else @xeAc0.^ pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Y!WG)u5 End If Fbu5PWhlc PG8^.)]M Print " " ?-tVSRKQ Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" MwfOy@|N Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >7roe []-| Ja SI^go ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation .<z!3O&L taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness =l.+,|ZH! ->h6j Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens 1Nu1BLPm CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens xil[#W]7Ge `\X+ Ud| Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens .TE?KI
CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens RZe'Kw - -QyhwG= tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness gr-fXZO sz @p_Z/ nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction MWNPPYww ,+g&o^T 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation \}~s2Y5j wBQF~WY '************************************************************************* &QG6!`fK}3 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) i5>+}$1 '************************************************************************* +525{Tj eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y7S4d~& GetCustomElement eID, entity .XkMk|t8 % aUsOB-RV parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) k<RZKw Qc 0 a~HiIh ' Delete any shift(s) in z 66#" count = 0 \m=?xb8
f While GetOperationCount(eID)>count En&5)c+js4 GetOperation eID, count, op zZiJ 9 e If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &20P,8@ DeleteOperation eID,count cEe?*\G count=count-1 *jMk/9oa<N End If XE3'`D! count=count+1 ^FZ^6* Wend >a1{397Y} =<@\,xN>C
'Set new shift in W5/0`[4 op.Type = "ShiftZ" m^_6:Q0F!8 op.val1 = taq ubu?S%` op.parent = parID 'a^{=+ AddOperation eID, op GpbC
M~x Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 BZb]SoAL 83cW=?UgA '************************************************************************* "xAWG$b 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens CSV;+,Vv '************************************************************************* 577:u<Yt eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) X%bFN GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic hI pKJ&hm $T<}y_nHl SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant okq[ o90 Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 51#"3S M=xQ=j? '************************************************************************* xsjO)))f 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens XJ!(F#zc '************************************************************************* q{die[J eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) IMnP[WA! GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /D_+{dtE .$",
*d SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost $KjTa#[RX7 Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost -ng=l; Q,Z*8FH= '************************************************************************* Px M!U!t 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) M}DH5H"s '************************************************************************* ha;l(U> AGYm';z3 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) vRA',(]( BpO9As 1um ' Delete any z-shift(s) 69kJC/1+l count = 0 <B /5J:o< While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,jy*1Hjd GetOperation eID, count, op Ip}Vb6} If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kW6%32 DeleteOperation eID,count Sx]
T/xq count=count-1 Lc<eRVNd, End If E?PGu!&u count=count+1 kqvow3u Wend 6Ggs JU ZX
b}91rzt 'Set new z-shift Wv!<bT8r op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3Dm8[o$Z op.val1 = tlens DhI>p0* T op.parent = parID g"Qh]: AddOperation eID, op pz_e =xr Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 1xnLB>jP# v|
z08\a[ '************************************************************************* SC#sax4N!= 'Lens index of refraction (}!C4S3# '************************************************************************* 2aNT#J"_ eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 7Tf]:4Y" GetModelMaterial eID, mat #
Oup^ o@ HTz+K6& mat.Nd = nlens Mo|wME#M SetModelMaterial eID, mat TUp%FJXA| Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Cd#E"dY6 qH%")7> '************************************************************************* 7N2\8kP 'Pupil diameter w#G2-?aj '************************************************************************* 9x~-*8aw eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) j?(!^ _!m 6k])Kl J2; 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) N4^5rrkL FQeYx-7 SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" !UV5zmS $*~Iu%Az ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 7CvD'QW / parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) c"gsB!xh eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #j@OLvXh count = 0 "Q+83adY4x While GetOperationCount(eID)>count V*jsq[q= GetOperation eID, count, op ,ul5,ygA If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >`V}U*}*H DeleteOperation eID,count pe04#zQK count=count-1
&LQ% End If #I\Y=XCY count=count+1 A{,n;; Wend Z/ bB
h op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?;7b*Z op.val1 = taq-0.01 iL?iz?+.%@ op.parent = parID )ctr"&- AddOperation eID, op @Gjny BJ vahoSc;sw Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam y62%26 [ sy<iKCM\ 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description lxb 8xY eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2wh#$zGy GetEntity eID, entity XQ;I,\m entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" H/cTJ9zz SetEntity eID, entity z?.(3oLT k
khE}qSD Update -Wo15O" Print "DONE!" ,-#GX{! M'jXve(=yF End Sub K} x/ BhE+ BnEdv8\,&s 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: 9Vh_[^bR ()|3
Accommodation = 4 Diopters 6M><(1fT Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Rl@$xP Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 [e4![G&y` Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 }C~]=Z Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 "n- pl Set lens thickness = 3.927 8$~3r a Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 .H;B=nd* Set pupil diameter = 4 <f%/px%1 DONE! Cd~LsdKE5 B?(4f2yE (文章来源:讯技光电)
|