切换到宽版
  • 广告投放
  • 稿件投递
  • 繁體中文
    • 14265阅读
    • 0回复

    [转载]FRED运用:Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

    上一主题 下一主题
    离线xunjigd
     
    发帖
    952
    光币
    9
    光券
    0
    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2016-02-24
    简介 6)p8BUft  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 d3|/&gDBK  
    Bz <I7h  
    模型 =36fS/Gb  
    7{(UiQbf  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 L N Fe7<y  
    {%CW!Rc  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    W~2,J4=  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. S0Io$\ha  
    8zpzVizDG  
    光源 /t< &  
    qH5nw}]  
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 -KV,l  
    y631;dU  
    iCA-X\E  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    G<=I\T'g;  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 ;ne`ppz0  
    }^0'IAXi  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ]{q=9DczG(  
    Ow*va\0  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 oe.Jm#?2.  
    +uSp3gE"  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
    B`<}YVA  
    视网膜的散射 ;l~a|KW0  
    z@,(^~C_  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 <8;~4"'a  
    /&Cq-W  
    l"(PP3  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    YPGzI]\  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 l?2  
    fkp(M  
    xGQP*nZ  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    Exqz$'(W9  
    脚本 [8UZ5_1WL  
    f|M^UHt8*  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: $kxP5q%9  
    ]7cciob  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    ]W$G!(3A  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    S*=^I2;  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 l^ay* H  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 O|+ZEBP  
    >qB`0 3>  
    分析 0RtZTCGO  
    \Xmp lG:  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ,hu@V\SKv  
    Nwt[)\W `  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    &gruYZGK  
    脚本代码 %6 Av1cv  
    ]T'8O`  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. :0Jn`Ds4o  
    jvsSP?]n  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Be]z @E1x  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ;$6L_C4B  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL $)"T9 $>$  
    Dim A As Double m!G(vhA,_w  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 3'kKbrk [  
    Dim eID As Long HBR/" m  
    Dim parID As Long VD7-;  
    Dim count As Integer X!LiekU!D  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double s=-?kcoJ2d  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double (E@;~7L  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ?i0+h7 =6  
    Dim ok As Long ]gVA6B?&9  
    FS&QF@dtgf  
    Sub Main ^|.T \  
    QxLrpM"O  
        '用户输入对话框 ]Ss63Vd  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 &odQ&%X  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 eA(\#+)X `  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 4cSs=|m?+  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 F/lL1nTdK  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 9C,gJp}P  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 JS8pN5   
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 [dP<A ?s  
        End Dialog w9GY/]  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog D*~Q;q>  
    0'r}]Mws  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) 8aVQW_m}  
    D$)F X(  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed paD[4L?4Hk  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ~s4JGV~R  
            End \G v\&_  
        End If M5+R8ttc  
    CPNV\qCY  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty <ZZfN@6  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then |tI{MztJ"c  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation W`_Wi*z4  
        Else B^dMYFelJ  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ]wV\=m?z&  
        End If ~l'[P=R+8  
    T<7}IH$6xE  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Q$.CtECo  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter w/o8R3 F  
        Else tQ; Fgv8Y!  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) bHSoQ \  
        End If g=4P-i3   
    TTj] _R{n  
        Print " " nY1PRX\  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Bq~S=bAB>R  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" !lEV^SQJs  
    K6B6@  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation AX@bM  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness !$iwU3~<  
    aRWj+[[7y  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 4xs>X7  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens L67yL( d6a  
    :+_H%4+  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens -6F\=  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens L)|hjpQ  
    epk C '  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness CWp>8@v  
    hZ<FCY,/?  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction DP*V|)  
    ct*~\C6Ze  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 8_D:#i  
    gEVoY,}/-U  
        '************************************************************************* uh)f/)6  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ;erxB6*  
        '************************************************************************* |1OF!(:  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) H9VdoxKo  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity = "Lb5!  
    PL\4\dXB  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Vz,"vBds  
    9ys[xOh WM  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z UG}"OBg/  
        count = 0 fEK%)Z:0  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xWQQX  
            GetOperation eID, count, op gY-}!9kW]  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8.`5"9Vh  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Jn0L_@  
                count=count-1 i2O$oHd  
            End If i"!j:YEo  
            count=count+1 czo*_q%  
        Wend V,tYqhQ3  
    XHuHbriI  
        'Set new shift in ^jo*e,y:  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Z79Y$d>G<E  
        op.val1 = taq $*0XWrE  
        op.parent = parID ap|V}j C  
        AddOperation eID, op [DSzhi]  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 F JxH{N6a  
    hdH-VR4  
        '************************************************************************* .YS48 c  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens _32 o7}!x  
        '************************************************************************* L{6Vi&I84[  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) >Cr'dKZ}  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ~m7?:(/lb  
    ^''3}<Ep  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant h5H#xoCXp  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant pEGHW;  
    kvt"7;(  
        '************************************************************************* .)=j~}\  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens j=b-Y  
        '************************************************************************* R? ,XSJ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ,n{ |d33  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Q;p% VQ  
    \"=@uqar2  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost &>auW}r  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 4L6'4t"s  
    ]:]w+N%7  
        '************************************************************************* 5fhe{d"si  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ?)c9!hR  
        '************************************************************************* xOpCybmc  
    V0$:t^^  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) XM*%n8q7#N  
    a: OuDjFp  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) `>}e 5  
        count = 0 |f&=9%  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count PHn3f;I  
            GetOperation eID, count, op c f1GA  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ApAHa]Ccp  
                DeleteOperation eID,count _"";SqVB  
                count=count-1 }%eXGdC  
            End If >_?Waz %  
            count=count+1 ji|tc9#6  
        Wend 3HmJixy  
    }#f~"-O  
        'Set new z-shift .3 T#:Hl  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" GCA?sFwo>  
        op.val1 = tlens 6/thhP3`-  
        op.parent = parID V\o& {7!  
        AddOperation eID, op wTY8={p]  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens &!FWo@  
    iYxpIqWw  
        '************************************************************************* HOAgRhzE  
        'Lens index of refraction {B lM<  
        '************************************************************************* `~3y[j]kO  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 7~Md6.FtM  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat >NN&j#;x~  
    ZiOL7#QWX  
        mat.Nd = nlens zc#aQ.  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 4 '6HX#J  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens VpkkiN  
    9AdA|/WV  
        '************************************************************************* C_DXg-a2lu  
        'Pupil diameter tO ^KCnL  
        '************************************************************************* eyGY8fF8$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) N-Nq*  
    T"$yh2tSY  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) o=VDO,eS  
    xT$9M"  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ?5g0#wqI  
    WwM/M!98J  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ]1 OZY@  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r/vRaOg>X  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) r8E)GBH-|  
        count = 0 5b2_{6t  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Q7$K,7flf;  
            GetOperation eID, count, op wfxg@<WR  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then sh%snLw  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 0 ))W [  
                count=count-1 U&\8~h  
            End If #\]:lr{>?4  
            count=count+1 Xr@]7: ,  
        Wend 2= 6}! Y  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5L}qL?S`x|  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 \We\*7^E  
        op.parent = parID n_/_Y >{M0  
        AddOperation eID, op KGsH3{r  
    ( o_lH2  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ^sp+ sr :  
    q^_PR|  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description >wpC45n)9N  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T.sib&R  
        GetEntity eID, entity ?p8(Uc#73  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" M 8BN'% S  
        SetEntity eID, entity 5@6%/='I q  
    !V6O~#  
        Update ]HK|xO(  
        Print "DONE!" <Yk#MeiEp  
         xmEmdOoD  
    End Sub n%>c4*t  
    c.u$NnDU6  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: Ck|3DiRQ  
    N{u4  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters  H)),~<s  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm t@TBx=16  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 _^<HlfOK  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 .'q0*Pe  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ]iyJ>fC  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 Q}N.DM@d3  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 >+w(%;i;  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 PyD'lsV  
    DONE! :1eJc2o  
    s\6kXR  
    (文章来源:讯技光电)
     
    分享到