[转载]FRED运用：Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介  4x.1J  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 IYeX\)Gv&  
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模型 C%hMh/Li;  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 tO0MYEx"  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. yV;_]_EO  
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光源 *G'R+_tdE  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ZbmBwW_ 7  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 0)@7$Xhf  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 PtfxF]%H  
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视网膜的散射 0?x9.
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 tw<mZd2H  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 hUL5V1-j  
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脚本 ,{tz%\,%  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： qFqK.u  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 aPR0DZ@  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 {*#}
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分析 UW!*=?h  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 l_?r#Qc7  
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脚本代码 !YM;5vte+  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. (x+C=1,  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY h'QEwW  
Dim op As T_OPERATION APne!  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 1Tb'f^M$  
Dim A As Double ap 5D6y+  
Dim pupilDiam As Double A2C|YmHk  
Dim eID As Long cx+li4v  
Dim parID As Long aDDs"DXx  
Dim count As Integer F9N/_H*+  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double QTy xx  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double W*S!}ZT`  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double .aA8'/  
Dim ok As Long ?PpGBm2f*  
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Sub Main E#5$O2b#  
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    '用户输入对话框 ".@}]z8  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 "s?!1v(v  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 L`iC?<}  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QqF&lMH  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 nVSuvq|S  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 7KB:wsz^  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 x)^/3  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 /4Df 'd  
    End Dialog &EZq%Sd  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog J2vaKl  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) \!]Zq#*kH  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed WNE
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        Print "Execution cancelled." Q5!"tFp  
        End 0E
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    End If RD$"ft
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty CyWaXp65  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then KRL9dD,&  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation >3{l"SPU  
    Else b`TA2h  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) _&]B  
    End If ME9jN{ le  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then x|TLMu=3=  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter xn=/SIS  
    Else Wej'AR\NX  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Em(&cra  
    End If xM#+jI  
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    Print " " "b#L8kN  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" A3;}C+K  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 52zD!(   
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness t+2!"Jr  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens &~6W!w  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens $_u9Y!  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 5Az
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens o'`:$ (  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Bq20U:f  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction [VsTyqV a  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation tbNIl cAWS  
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    '************************************************************************* Pd~{XM,yfW  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 6oQSXB@  
    '************************************************************************* Hp@nxtKxW  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) BnB]]<gO"  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity >7fNxQ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) o-m9}pV  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z j3J\%7^i  
    count = 0 @u.%z# h"1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count y1FE +EX[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op -q8R'?z[  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then JF+E.-fy$  
            DeleteOperation eID,count gXQ s)Eyv  
            count=count-1 tr<iFT}C  
        End If :B(vk3;U!  
        count=count+1 ISbhC!59  
    Wend BbV@ziL  
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    'Set new shift in Zdm7As]  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?Tr]zxtd  
    op.val1 = taq %#zqZ|q  
    op.parent = parID 1dl@2CVS  
    AddOperation eID, op `F^~*FnR,B  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 4$wn8!x2|  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 5g$]ou  
    '************************************************************************* }1sFddGVt  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Z#1'STg  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !=Hu?F p  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant DC-tBbQkk  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant }C<<l5/ z  
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    '************************************************************************* o-f;$]yp>  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 8(b C.  
    '************************************************************************* /ZeN\ybx  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) He}uE0^  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic MKr)6PG,  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost (9phRo)>  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 2jUEL=+Y  
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    '************************************************************************* 7@6B\':  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) hbOyrjanx  
    '************************************************************************* .EXe3!J)!  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) fGz++;b<S  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 0|^/e-^  
    count = 0 #3h~Z)+y  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \mIm}+!H  
        GetOperation eID, count, op W|yFjE&dr  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ALOS>Bi&  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 'Wv`^{y <^  
            count=count-1 6 #vc"5@M  
        End If m,"N4a@  
        count=count+1 W~QH"Sq  
    Wend P#ro;3S3y  
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    'Set new z-shift l5*sCp*Z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" DJ
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    op.val1 = tlens %!vgAH4  
    op.parent = parID JR_s-&GaM  
    AddOperation eID, op @_L:W1[  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Ny6 daf3f  
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    '************************************************************************* g:yUZ;U
 
    'Lens index of refraction 3%NbT  
    '************************************************************************* ydx-`yg#  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) )}[:.Zg,3/  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat *Bj7\8cKC  
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    mat.Nd = nlens p[&6h

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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 9wB}EDZ  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens S Y7'S#  
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    '************************************************************************* 2=[deQs  
    'Pupil diameter \LI 2=J*  
    '************************************************************************* ifYC&5}SI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) =/6rX"\P  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) P\3$Y-id  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" D|lm,  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens qtQB}r8  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) M.(shIu!+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Naqz":%.  
    count = 0 y=H\Z/=  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `O'@T
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        GetOperation eID, count, op 3!OO_  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then </%n:<z4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 1I1Z),  
            count=count-1 6 pQbh*  
        End If \kQ@G  
        count=count+1 =64%eF  
    Wend |9D;2N(&!  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" zq?
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 :AzP3~BI  
    op.parent = parID gEBwn
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    AddOperation eID, op qOi3`6LCV  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam FX6*`  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description q7VpKfA:M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Z\)emps  
    GetEntity eID, entity _]Ei,Ua  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ,fQs+*j  
    SetEntity eID, entity CK{.Ic^  
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    Update +"!=E erKi  
    Print "DONE!" 'B$bGQ  
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End Sub |RdiM&C7  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： =u+.o<  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 7fB:wPlG;  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm k/|j
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 LhM{d  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 L,QAE)S'a  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 }: W6Bo-|  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 DJF-J#  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 BU|bo")  
Set pupil diameter = 4 d
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DONE! ?b&~(,A{  
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