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    [转载]FRED运用:Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线xunjigd
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2016-02-24
    简介 lx |5?P  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 hB9Ee@  
    =w$tvo/  
    模型 <q (z>*-e  
    2o3EHZ+]cm  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ~j>D=!  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. iD`d99f8O  
    +JRF0T  
    光源 ~g#r6pzN-  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 q[3x2sR  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 7ZxaPkIu&%  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 "9!d]2.-Vk  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 \OILWQ[/  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 uo\ .7[1  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 = ?D(g  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 =Prb'8 W  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 Sr?#wev]rn  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: gr-9l0u  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 j#r6b]k(Hv  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 >Y7a4~ufko  
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    分析 Y3.$G1{#0w  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 :Z`:nq.a  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 o#) {1<0vg  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 6+r$t#  
    L86n}+ P\  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY gE#>RM5D  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ,.eWQK~  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <,o>Wx*1C  
    Dim A As Double 7C#`6:tI  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ]Chj T}  
    Dim eID As Long :w}{$v}#D;  
    Dim parID As Long \(226^|j  
    Dim count As Integer L,y6^J!  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double sn7AR88M;  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double QaUm1 i#  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 7Q\|=$2  
    Dim ok As Long 4tL<q_  
     _zlqtO  
    Sub Main J+rCxn?;g  
    F, U*yj  
        '用户输入对话框 l/;X?g5+  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 %ZHP2j %~  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 UOQEk22  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ;iDPn2?6?x  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 zJe#m|Z  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 )`^p%k  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 [MuEoWrq(}  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 OL4z%mDZi  
        End Dialog &zs'/xv]  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog @lJzr3}WZ  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) UK9@oCIB  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Uj&W<'I  
            Print "Execution cancelled." d,Y_GCZ7|W  
            End X,9 M"E 2  
        End If (sVi\R  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ^vG8#A}]  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 9UvXC)R1  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ~-wPP{!  
        Else 1lv2@QH9  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) v[Kxja;  
        End If >X*Mio8P#  
    ^eW}XRI  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then B"%{i-v>**  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter qzb<J=FAU  
        Else @&[T _l  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0uBl>A7qhn  
        End If `xrmT t X  
    1sYEZO;  
        Print " " 42]pYm(jk3  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" &=4(l|wcg  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" JEE{QjTh  
    610D% F  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation aL\nT XakX  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness J,b&XD@m  
    Wb S4pdA  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Qt|c1@J  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens y-CX}B#j  
    &w=3^  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens O:da-xWJ  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens < y*x]}  
    7 [g/TB  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness D-,L&R!`  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction cV`E>w=D0  
    6 PxW8pn  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 1h.)#g?{  
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        '************************************************************************* dMrd_1  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) A'nq}t 3  
        '************************************************************************* j) ,,"54*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )  f3UXCp  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity Y6&wJ<   
    'g9"Qv?0{`  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) S(7ro]U9  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ,\v91Rp~?  
        count = 0 ~b:Rd{  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w^]6w\p  
            GetOperation eID, count, op nVJPR  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then S/ibb&  
                DeleteOperation eID,count w4fW<ISg  
                count=count-1 ,6r{VLN  
            End If R N@ctRS  
            count=count+1 ,k G>?4  
        Wend k#5}\w!  
    5^j45'%I  
        'Set new shift in D0BI5q  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Iuh/I +[7  
        op.val1 = taq Y F*OU"2U  
        op.parent = parID rm} R>4  
        AddOperation eID, op 1@lJonlF  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Zy09L}59P  
    M2U&?V C!  
        '************************************************************************* 2W$cFC  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens P bQk<"J1  
        '************************************************************************* |c`w'W?C6  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) mJM _2Ab  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic +[xnZ$Iev  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant r0m*5rd1  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant z'`y,8Y1l  
    4WB-Ec  
        '************************************************************************* TB;o~>9U  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ^OErq&`u  
        '************************************************************************* ~i.k$XGA  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) $t/x;< .H  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ?@n/v F  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost nF5qw>t#  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 3 LdQ]S  
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        '************************************************************************* B*gdgM*`  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8?FbtBAn  
        '************************************************************************* m5Tr-w$QY  
    $mCarFV-T  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) [7 YPl9  
    t5lO'Ll*Q]  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) F H1Z 2  
        count = 0 ]#.]/f >-  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count OnWx#84  
            GetOperation eID, count, op aC< KN:TN6  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *~/OOH$"  
                DeleteOperation eID,count LjU'z#  
                count=count-1 y?SyInt  
            End If .Udj@{  
            count=count+1 (mlzg=szW  
        Wend `f'K@  
    W Yc7aciJ  
        'Set new z-shift %e@HZ"V  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y-0?a?q2Fr  
        op.val1 = tlens "U \JV)N  
        op.parent = parID ,<:!NF9  
        AddOperation eID, op K6olYG>  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens >s`J5I!  
    cv/_ r#vN  
        '************************************************************************* q%5eVG  
        'Lens index of refraction  ykrr2x  
        '************************************************************************* |7#[ (%D!  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) B&N/$= 5m  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat Z;h<6[(  
    S(mF%WJ  
        mat.Nd = nlens `EtS!zD~b  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat @zgdq  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens V i&*&"q  
    B(F,h+ajy  
        '************************************************************************* KzQ3.)/q  
        'Pupil diameter *|_"W+JC  
        '************************************************************************* a {ab*tM  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) .Q)|vq^  
    fBQ?|~:n  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ^'jEnN(  
    s[gKc'  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" oBUxKisW  
    'Z`$n8  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens RaTH\ >n  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r",]Voibd  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ?EX"k+G  
        count = 0 X w.p  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ``A 0WN  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ` gW<M  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >{ me  
                DeleteOperation eID,count |7KeR-  
                count=count-1 *H[Iq!@  
            End If QKE9R-K TE  
            count=count+1 R<x'l=,D(  
        Wend +ki{H}G21  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" fw;rbP!  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 KgW:@X7wvM  
        op.parent = parID ~r{5`;c  
        AddOperation eID, op ?`[NFqv_]  
    Bb{!Yh].:A  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam T}3v(6ew4  
    P_u|-~|\  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Kq.:G%  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rfw-^`&{  
        GetEntity eID, entity Db"DG(  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 8_K6 0eXz  
        SetEntity eID, entity _hG;.=sr  
     M/z}p  
        Update irk*~k ?  
        Print "DONE!" e5Mln!.o  
         ]B=C|usJ  
    End Sub Y qcD-K  
    u>pBB@  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: \Ey~3&x9f  
    7FO'{Qq  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters IHC1G1KW=A  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm S-#q~X!yJ  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 =:+0)t=ao  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869  _ q(Q  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 US{3pkr;I]  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 iqW1#)3'R  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ,%YBG1E[y  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 x7T +>  
    DONE! ftBq^tC  
    V,EF'-F  
    (文章来源:讯技光电)
     
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