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    [转载]FRED运用:Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线xunjigd
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2016-02-24
    简介 l G $s(  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 @h!nVf%fe  
    O^KIB%}fu  
    模型 !Hx[ `3  
    >6 A8+=  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ^(~%'f  
    @y(<4kLz  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 4Bk9d\z  
    Yqb3g(0   
    光源 y-lBaTE9  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 U$7]*#@&  
    tWaM+W  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 ]h?p3T$h  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 kn&>4/')  
    4}Dfi5:   
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 2JL\1=k;  
    n>W*y|UJ  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 GEtzLaq<  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ^]X\boWlI  
    !U4<4<+  
    SYwB #|  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 q6EZ?bo{  
    q}cm"lO$  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 N;R I A  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: L)X[$:  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 'f-8P  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 8 t`lRWJ  
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    分析 hj,yl&  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Sy"!Q%+ |  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 (D2N_l(`<  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 1.I58(0~+  
    `oOVR6{K9  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY nd~O*-uYg  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION N"A`tc5&  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL {<Y\flj{@m  
    Dim A As Double /~3kkM(Ty  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double /a }` y  
    Dim eID As Long tL]T_]z  
    Dim parID As Long SAhk`_  
    Dim count As Integer :gTtWJ04]  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double @:t2mz:^i  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3|PV.  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double =w ! 6un  
    Dim ok As Long [oOV@GE  
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    Sub Main z[WdJN{  
    )6{,y{5!  
        '用户输入对话框 /" @cv{  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 h^'+y1  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 T 3 <2ds  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 b}!T!IP}  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 X#Hl<d2  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ,"5][RsOn  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 5DL(#9F8b9  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 #|K5ma  
        End Dialog 95sK;`rE+  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog }aL&3[>>  
    upiYo(sN.  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) 4 {+47=n  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed _ ($U\FW  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ` 5SQ4  
            End \G2PK&)F  
        End If 2%vG7o,#  
    bMGXx>x  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ~z'Y(qG  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then \m#{ {SGm  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation m8Rt>DY  
        Else {R?VB!dR  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) S5[}kfe  
        End If MB+a?u0\  
    ufJHC06  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then (w`j?c1  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter \: R Akf<  
        Else Sb^o`~ Eh  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) H@'u$qr$:  
        End If BK1I_/_!  
    7 lu_E.Bv  
        Print " " lsU`~3nr  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" C?g<P0h  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ~^l;~&  
    hVh,\d&2t  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation \f'=  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 7MIrrhk  
    [y"Yi PK  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens \hP.Q;"MtO  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ,Bl_6ZaL  
    yC7lR#N8j0  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens a}[rk*QmZ  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens (};/,t1#$  
    +|qw>1J(  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 6t3Zi:=I  
    JhvT+"~  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }$#PIyz  
    \"b'Z2g  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation lQpl8>  
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        '************************************************************************* [`' K.-?#  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) VyWzb  
        '************************************************************************* KgXu x-q  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ])?[9c  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity *9 (E0"  
    o@ @|4 F  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |OIU)53A-  
    &3:<WU:U  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z V^_U=Ed@M  
        count = 0 C)ic;!$Qhb  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count X?Or.  
            GetOperation eID, count, op lD$\t/8B  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8d(l)[GZt  
                DeleteOperation eID,count oE)xL%*  
                count=count-1 @ X5#?  
            End If oiQ:&$y  
            count=count+1 DS;.)P"  
        Wend u56F;y  
    qUk-BG8^  
        'Set new shift in UQjYWXvi  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" AsR}qqG  
        op.val1 = taq GjbOc   
        op.parent = parID nI/kX^Pd  
        AddOperation eID, op Rg3g:TV9c  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 rq:sy=;  
    oWq]\yT<`  
        '************************************************************************* r`e6B!p  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens U5[r&Y D  
        '************************************************************************* @>+`1C  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) d3NER}f4V  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic AJ z 1    
    >J{e_C2ZS  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant _o==  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant l=C|4@  
    tv5N wM  
        '************************************************************************* h{^MdYJ  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens : :928y  
        '************************************************************************* H=9{|%iS  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #)4p ,H  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic o)8VJ\ &  
    g\H~Y@'{  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost !w/]V{9`X  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost rdH^"(  
    u]P9ip"Z  
        '************************************************************************* bVr`a*EM  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) EjP)e;  
        '************************************************************************* \/9O5`u*V  
    ? 3oUkGfn  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !8tqYY?>@\  
    ~I]aUN  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) lDVgW}o@  
        count = 0 &:~9'-O  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count X$eR RSW  
            GetOperation eID, count, op CIz_v.&:  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then df/7u}>9  
                DeleteOperation eID,count rd,!-w5  
                count=count-1 h~ q5GhY!9  
            End If h<7@3Ur  
            count=count+1 xPJ @!ks9  
        Wend Wr+1e1[  
    uJa.]J~L=  
        'Set new z-shift U"Y/PBs,  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" <2wC)l3j*  
        op.val1 = tlens f||S?ns_  
        op.parent = parID Th4}$)yrkN  
        AddOperation eID, op =[0| qGzg  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens \)W Z D  
    Yw\lNhoPS  
        '************************************************************************* Ac\e>N  
        'Lens index of refraction NleMZ  
        '************************************************************************* fIn^a 3TV  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) `2y?(BJp  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat *P?Rucg  
    M]xfH*  
        mat.Nd = nlens N w/it*f  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat Dy{lgT0k  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens <(1[n pS&+  
    !:v7SRUXb  
        '************************************************************************* ViU5l*n;  
        'Pupil diameter NzS`s,N4/0  
        '************************************************************************* ED>P>Gg  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ?>My&yB  
    wWM[Hus  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) v=DC3oh-  
    3il$V78|  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 4r#4h4`y|  
    |{MXDx  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens znAo]F9=J"  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) whFJ]  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) :.(A,  
        count = 0 I~nz~U:ak  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (4/W)L$  
            GetOperation eID, count, op t(}g;O-  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9zm2}6r4  
                DeleteOperation eID,count { PS0.UZ  
                count=count-1 CD4@0Z+  
            End If Ao\Im(?  
            count=count+1 RL*b4 7,  
        Wend *DvQnj  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" @QE&D+NS  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 z6|kEc"{  
        op.parent = parID @S 0mNA  
        AddOperation eID, op g"\J iBb5  
    w"L]?#  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam -] G=Q1 1  
    *77Y$X##k  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description b&'YW*W  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *d31fBCk%  
        GetEntity eID, entity EXR6Vb,  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" y[GqV_~?Y  
        SetEntity eID, entity IA$=  
    x+v&3YF  
        Update 7Rn 4gT  
        Print "DONE!" k7]4TIUD*  
         |o@U L  
    End Sub Z6&bUZF$bE  
    (Dn1Eov  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: j|{ n?  
    ^FZ9q  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters OyG2Ks"H  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm qRq4PQ@  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 bmh@SB  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 S|?P#.=GX  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 l< HnPR/  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 OHv9|&Tpl  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 gUYTVp Vf  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 8t |?b  
    DONE! Pfd%[C/vdm  
    X]dN1/_  
    (文章来源:讯技光电)
     
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