[转载]FRED运用：Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 j=AJs<  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 \7j)^  
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模型 `X^e}EGWu  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 W"-nzdAJ5  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Ys_YjlMIbl  
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光源 |wb7`6g  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 wwAT@=X*}  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 2DC#PX)i  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 4By-+C*  
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视网膜的散射 h^0mjdSp,  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 :9YQX(l8  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 L&N"&\K2U  
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脚本 7asq]Y}<  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： }m H>lN  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 4PWr;&  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 yx
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分析 Y2X1!Em>B  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 (OqJet2{
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脚本代码 _o.Z`]  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. %jxuH+L   
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY "AouiZkh  
Dim op As T_OPERATION M: "ci;*$  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL doc  
Dim A As Double TyWy5J< :+  
Dim pupilDiam As Double \v
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Dim eID As Long C.E>)  
Dim parID As Long hzLGmWN2j8  
Dim count As Integer $Jm2,Yv  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double :*@|"4  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double \=7=>x_  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double pYVy(]1I(3  
Dim ok As Long H040-Q;S'  
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Sub Main Yd;r8rN  
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    '用户输入对话框 Z]TVH8%|k  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 d5y2Y/QO  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0  s7o*|Xv  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 |V\.[F2Fe  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 j dhml%pAd  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ZPsY0IzLo  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 !2|`aa  
    End Dialog Sqf.#}u<=  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog iwJ-<v_:h  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) oRThJB  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed a<'$`z|s  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Zk#i9[g9*  
        End bM^A9BxD  
    End If 8.Ef5-m  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty jL+}F/~r  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then #}7m'F  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation DG*o w^  
    Else +N$7=oGC  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) = )l:^+q  
    End If 8+a<#?;  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then |C6(0fgWd  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter [l%fL9  
    Else ?VZXJO{^  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 7]xz8t  
    End If kqig
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    Print " " l
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" fyq]M_5  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 8+|V!q   
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation x";.gjI |g  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness <<On*#80w  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^$+f3Z'  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens V@n
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 7cmr *y  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens y~c4:*L3  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 0?Tk*X  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction a
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation %Di7u- x  
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    '************************************************************************* />^`*e_  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) JIbzh?$aD  
    '************************************************************************* &>zy_)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) qe6C|W~n  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity E0)mI)RW.  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) gc2|V6(  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z jU4)zN/`r  
    count = 0 `YmI'  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |
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        GetOperation eID, count, op 
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~b$z\|Y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~0[G/A$]  
            count=count-1 8A8xY446)  
        End If 1f@U:<:  
        count=count+1 0(U3~k6  
    Wend $~G0#JL  
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    'Set new shift in fJn3"D'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $E`iqRB  
    op.val1 = taq 01-\:[{  
    op.parent = parID 76IALJ00V  
    AddOperation eID, op *`g-gk  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 *<.WL"Qhl  
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    '************************************************************************* iUxDEt[t*  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens =Y]'5cn
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    '************************************************************************* .sJys SA\  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) =hugnX<9  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /UaNYv/  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant `Dz]z_  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant !4 4mT'Y  
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    '************************************************************************* %7C%`)T]  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens p;n3`aVh  
    '************************************************************************* n&YW".iG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) <(#xOe  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic qUEd E`B  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost k}I5x1>&  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost wcdW72  
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    '************************************************************************* #!8^!}
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) z,}c?BP  
    '************************************************************************* x^M5D+o  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) M\\e e3Ih  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 8u:v:>D.'  
    count = 0 @pqY9_:P1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count kO..~@aY  
        GetOperation eID, count, op )tN?: l  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then NRHr6!f>  
            DeleteOperation eID,count (E"&UC[  
            count=count-1 (<]\,pP0_  
        End If vDK:v$g  
        count=count+1 o;M.Rt\A  
    Wend p@cfY]<7  
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    'Set new z-shift F.~n  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2d5}`>  
    op.val1 = tlens "4Lg8qm  
    op.parent = parID Wz6]*P`qv  
    AddOperation eID, op ;xW8Z<\-  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens :"OZc7 ~  
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    '************************************************************************* cW
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    'Lens index of refraction J^+_8  
    '************************************************************************* ^f^-.X  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) r,`Z.A  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat $'A4RVVT  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 1&X}1  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat KXoL,)Hl  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens jgo e^f  
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    '************************************************************************* ;=5@h!@R  
    'Pupil diameter ONjC(7  
    '************************************************************************* HpB!a,R6B  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) s jL
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) J-t=1  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" CTh1+&Pa  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens jgk{'_ j  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) A5CdLwk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) h|J;6Sm@  
    count = 0 {c v;w  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count K(-G: |  
        GetOperation eID, count, op fkdf~Vb  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :`:xP  
            DeleteOperation eID,count e+NWmu{<_  
            count=count-1 ^-gfib|VGe  
        End If
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        count=count+1 o\_ Td  
    Wend *0=fT}&!  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" [MV`pF)x  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 D3<IuWeM  
    op.parent = parID AkxH  
    AddOperation eID, op r/UYC"K3  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 8!Wfd)4=,F  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description pBlRd{#fL  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) L_tjcfVo  
    GetEntity eID, entity ,]0S4h67  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 4a\n4KO X  
    SetEntity eID, entity U8 Z~Y}29  
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    Update gsW=3m&`  
    Print "DONE!" wY' "ab  
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End Sub t{+M|Y  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： * eA{[  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters TcR=GR*cJ  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm /m97CC#+  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 9OPK4-  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 MinbE13?U  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 WLE%d]'%M  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 6a7vlo  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +#0~:&!
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Set pupil diameter = 4 7;^((.]ln  
DONE! q_-ma_F#s  
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