[转载]FRED运用：Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 x+? 9C  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 fkfZ>D^1  
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模型 nGZX7Fx5  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 @#+jMV$g  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. >1L=,M  
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光源 $ E1Tb{'  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 _\5~>g_  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 BO
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ir>]r<Zl  
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视网膜的散射 q)u2Y]  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ,reJ(s  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 R U"/2i  
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脚本 >hMUr
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： R5Yl1   
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 <T,
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余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ?4t-caK^u  
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分析 8"'x)y  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 d<p2/aA  
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脚本代码 ;Kxbg>U  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. c|p,/L09L  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY }amU[U,  
Dim op As T_OPERATION #5CI)4x0!  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL eBB:~,C^q.  
Dim A As Double _]#klL  
Dim pupilDiam As Double =fLL|  
Dim eID As Long wJ"ev.A)  
Dim parID As Long *DeTqO65  
Dim count As Integer ,krS-.  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Dk)}|GJ()"  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double B:oF;~d/
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double `_AM` >_  
Dim ok As Long vS;'}N  
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Sub Main ,\ldz(D?+  
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    '用户输入对话框 2=*=^)FNI  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Bt~s*{3$8  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 pu;3nUH  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _g
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 WO</Q6+  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 )@7DsV/M  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 M]_E  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ksI>IW  
    End Dialog "e62/Ejg%  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog zhEo(kU!  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ~t/JCxa  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ym%slg  
        Print "Execution cancelled." $C_M&O}  
        End Y(i?M~3\t  
    End If rg&+  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 3B9nP._  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then av'*u  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 5{l1A(b  
    Else (aKZ5>>cN  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ZlR!s!vv  
    End If S ~|.&0"\  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then M []OHw  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter |O (G nsZ  
    Else d79N-O-  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) LpWI>sNv  
    End If l1-HO  
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    Print " " 960qvz!  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" !wh=dQgMe  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm"  (K #A  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation J+2R&3;_O  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness `SOhG?Zo  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens b=LF%P  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens vjTwv+B"  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Dd/}Ya(Gi  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 4 X`^{~  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 9~Xg#{  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction .cR*P<3O
 
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation N$Hqa^!'T  
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    '************************************************************************* 1g i}H)  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) raQYn?[  
    '************************************************************************* |h,FUj<r  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) L?f qcW{  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 3wNN<R  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) b\L)m (  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ,k%8yK  
    count = 0 \X opU"  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l$`G:%qHj  
        GetOperation eID, count, op VRhRwdC  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @Z2/9K%1'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count vs*I7<  
            count=count-1 <4NQL*|>  
        End If b-b;7a\N  
        count=count+1 w:R]!e_6\9  
    Wend SRk7gfP*q  
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    'Set new shift in ,CW%JIM  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"  *
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    op.val1 = taq riEqW}{  
    op.parent = parID q_58Lw  
    AddOperation eID, op gT7I9 (x!W  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ]}_,U!`8  
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    '************************************************************************* zf")|9j  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens QQ|9>QP  
    '************************************************************************* qq>44k\|)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) KqY>4tb  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Px#4pmz  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant G[B*TM6$  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant m-#d8sD2C  
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    '************************************************************************* -C
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens L`bo#,eg6  
    '************************************************************************* fa.f(c
  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) h!;MBn`8  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic CY\mU_.b  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost "p2u+ 8?  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost .Px,=56$X  
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    '************************************************************************* {kv
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) /3;=xZq  
    '************************************************************************* 5[hlg(eb  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) GY
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) n/:Z{  
    count = 0 }8X:?S %  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count
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        GetOperation eID, count, op -kt1t@O  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ob)D{4B'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count nFSG<#x\  
            count=count-1 uFa-QG^Y{  
        End If %k~C-+  
        count=count+1 |O'Hh7  
    Wend l$qmn$Uc  
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    'Set new z-shift <kk'v'GW@  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `jt(DKB+J  
    op.val1 = tlens !WDn7j'A  
    op.parent = parID j=p|'`  
    AddOperation eID, op +._f.BRmX.  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens J78Qj[v  
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    '************************************************************************* yzODF>KJ  
    'Lens index of refraction puk4D  
    '************************************************************************* 3<yCe%I:  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 4_Tb)?L+:  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Gf!t< =T   
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    mat.Nd = nlens 1"N/ZKF-x  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat DB!uv[c  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens .k
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    '************************************************************************* Hd96[Uo  
    'Pupil diameter $=X!nQ& Z|  
    '************************************************************************* NO%|c|B|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 9iiU,}M`j  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 1j_aH#Fz:  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 1KNkl,E  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens C8O7i[uc  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) gogl[gHO  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) EVby 9!  
    count = 0 @*AYm-k  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +;{rU&  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 'lSnyW{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *
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            DeleteOperation eID,count pRb+'v&_k  
            count=count-1 $u(M 4(}  
        End If j58Dki->.  
        count=count+1 [0( E>vm  
    Wend +sV#Z,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" il 8A&`%  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 x|P<F2L  
    op.parent = parID !c3Qcva  
    AddOperation eID, op Phk`=:xh  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam hv_pb#1Ks  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description S.?\>iH[  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l#<}|b  
    GetEntity eID, entity I3F6-gH  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" :d:|7hlNQ  
    SetEntity eID, entity &z1|  
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    Update ;RTrRh0v  
    Print "DONE!" "m<eHz]D  
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End Sub /;]B1T7  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： I=3B 5u  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters )U3 H15  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ?3KR(6D  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 3z{5c  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 jQw`*Y/,  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 8kn]_6:3i  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 s|rZ>SLL  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 : Oz7R:  
Set pupil diameter = 4 A(_^_p.|  
DONE! f"OA Zji  
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