光电子谱技术是研究原子、分子、固体和表面电子
结构的一种非常有效的手段。本书全面
系统地介绍了
光电子谱技术的
原理和应用,并简明讨论了逆光发射、自旋极化光发射和
光电子衍射等现象。本书是一本非常实用的光电子谱技术的专著,内容几乎覆盖了光电子研究的所有领域。其特点是紧密联系实验,并利用理论详细解释实验结果,达到理论和应用的有机结合。书中还收集了大量的实际
材料的光电子谱分析,同时给出了大量的实验数据,以便于读者的查阅。总之,该书既是一本很有价值的参考书,又可作为初学者的入门教材。
KJ;;825? 7)#8p@Q 作者在该领域做出了杰出的贡献。在第3版中,作者介绍了大量最新研究成果,并对光电子谱技术很多方面给出了有深刻见解的讨论。
mxfmK +'_ K r DG 读者对象:适用于凝聚态
物理学、材料物理学和光电子学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
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Ufr,6IX U8gf_R' 目录
b>Em~NMu_ 1. Introduction and Basic Principles
Z_.xglq{ 1.1 Historical Development
dFVx*{6 1.2 The Electron Mean Free Path
f5ttQ&@FF 1.3 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
GI _.[ 1.4 Experimental Aspects
#l?E2
U4WL 1.5 Very High Resolution
*H({q`j33k 1.6 The Theory of Photoemission
o/~Rf1 1.6.1 Core-Level Photoemission
'BOMFp7c 1.6.2 Valence-State Photoemission
1HS43! 1.6.3 Three-Step and One-Step Considerations
8%EauwAx 1.7 Deviations from the Simple Theory of Photoemission
^ 9`O
^ References
wXKg^%t\ D@
4sq^|2 2. Core Levels and Final States
la}Xo0nq0+ 2.1 Core-Level Binding Energies in Atoms and Molecules
;xxu , 2.1.1 The Equivalent-Core Approximation
dn}'B% 2.1.2 Chemical Shifts
>#Ue`)d`aY 2.2 Core-Level Binding Energies in Solids
!}pvrBS 2.2.1 The Born-Haber Cycle in Insulators
@D@_PA)e( 2.2.2 Theory of Binding Energies
xjK@Q1MJ 2.2.3 Determination of Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts from Thermodynamic Data
gHmy?+) 2.3 Core Polarization
!<#,M9
EA& 2.4 Final-State Multiplets in Rare-Earth Valence Bands
AREpZ2GiU 2.5 Vibrational Side Bands
fx3oA} 2.6 Core Levels of Adsorbed Molecules
*)u%KYGr 2.7 Quantitative Chemical Analysis from Core-Level Intensities
1 ` ={** References
M>_
U9g e` {F7rd: 3. Charge-Excitation Final States: Satellites
*1c1XN<7 3.1 Copper Dihalides; 3d Transition Metal Compounds
3K{G =WE$ 3.1.1 Characterization of a Satellite
G A+#'R
3.1.2 Analysis of Charge-Transfer Satellites
Yx"un4 3.1.3 Non-local Screening
w6&p4Jw/H? 3.2 The 6-eV Satellite in Nickel
f)#rBAkt 3.2.1 Resonance Photoemission
~A$y-Dt'
3.2.2 Satellites in Other Metals
m4~>n( 3.3 The Gunnarsson-Sch6nhammer Theory
/n-!dXi 3.4 Photoemission Signals and Narrow Bands in Metals
%k i^XB86 References
>& `;@ZOH #Pr
w2u 4. Continuous Satellites and Plasmon Satellites: XPS Photoemission in Nearly Free Electron Systems
HyGu3 4.1 Theory
_Y _v& 4.1.1 General
hA:RVeS{ 4.1.2 Core-Line Shape
ly( LMr 4.1.3 Intrinsic Plasmons
Zt/4|&w 4.1.4 Fxtrinsic FAectron Scattering: Plasmons and Background
2`P=ekF] 4.1.5 The Total Photoelectron Spectrum
WlW7b.2. 4.2 Experimental Results
,
G9{: 4.2.1 The Core Line Without Plasmons
C7Ny-rj}IA 4.2.2 Core-Level Spectra Including Plasmoas
Scd_tw.]| 4.2.3 Valence-Band Spectra of the Simple Metals
&3CC | 4.2.4 Simple Metals: A General Comment
/v8yE9N_ 4.3 The Background Correction
%@'[g]hk References
BRTCo,i ul^VGW>i 5. Valence Orbitals in Simple Molecules and Insulating Solids
Vqp3'=No 5.1 UPS Spectra of Monatomic Gases
S pIdw0 5.2 Photoelectron Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
hF`Qs 5.3 Binding Energy of the H2 Molecule
/7LAd_P6 5.4 Hydrides Isoelectronic with Noble Gases
Y>J u$i Neon (Ne)
,%d?gi"& Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
[DD#YL\P Water (H2O)
vR*p1Kq: Ammonia (NH3)
6Ij'z9nJw Methane (CH4)
E'+?7ZGWj 5.5 Spectra of the Alkali HMides
'LMMo4o3 5.6 Transition Metal Dihalides
2F#DJN# 5.7 Hydrocarbons
;i-<dAV8B 5.7.1 Guidelines for the Interpretation of Spectra from Free Molecules
^{g('BQx 5.7.2 Linear Polymers
m<I>NYfE 5.8 Insulating Solids with Valence d Electrons
HApjXv!U[ 5.8.1 The NiO Problem
lN~u='Kc 5.8.2 Mort Insulation
$A^OP{ 5.8.3 The Metal-Insulator Transition;the Ratio of the Correlation Energy and the Bandwidth;Doping
i{biQ|,.sL 5.8.4Band Structures of Transition Metal Compounds
@&9 ,0x 5.9 High—Temperature Superconductors
F2!]T = 5.9.1valence-Band Electronic Structure;Polycrystalline Samples
s`I]>e 5.9.2 Dispersion Relations in High Temperature Superconductors;Single Crystals
TrR=3_;.7 5.9.3 The Superconducting Gap
ZW%;"5uVm) 5.9.4 Symmetry of the Order Parameter in the High-Temperature SuDerconductors
,d@FO|G#pt 5.9.5 Core—Level Shifts
S+7u,%n/ 5.10 The Fermi Liquid and the Luttinger Liquid
2g
HRfTF 5.11 Adsorbed Molecules
`h='FJ/! 5.11.1 Outline
"'*Qq@!3? 5.11.2 CO on Metal Surfaces
bsv!z\} References
71G\b|5 0mR^%+~ 6.Photoemission of Valence Electrons froill Metallic Solids in the OHe-Electron Approximation
2bAH)= 6.1 Theory of Photoemission:A Summary of the Three-Step Model
JmF:8Q3H 6.2 Discussion of the Photocurrent
4,.[B7irR 6.2.1 Kinematics of Internal Photoemission in a Polycrystalline Sample
bj,cU)t0 6.2.2 Primary and Secondary Cones in the Photoemission from a Real Solid
RC~ C} 6.2.3 Angle-Integrated and Angle-Resolved Data Collection
6Sz|3ms 6.3 Photoemission from the Semi—infinite Crystal:The Inverse LEED Formalism
g=e~YM85 6.3.1 Band Structure Regime
L XHDX 6.3.2 XPS Regime
8;$zD]{D1 6.3.3 Surface Emission
1 Szv4 6.3.4 One-Step Calculations
@ n^2UJ 6.4 Thermal Effects
:vJ1Fo! 6.5 Dipole Selection Rules for Direct Optical Transitions
o?/fObV@( References
,A[NcFdCB mGh8/Xt 7.Band Structtire and Angular-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra
1eOQ;#OV 7.1 Free-Electron Final—State Model
]N{jF$ 7.2 Methods Employing Calculated Band Structures
eOZ"kw"uHu 7.3 Methods for the Absolute Determination of the Crystal Momentum
-+fW/Uo 7.3.1 Triangulation or Energy Coincidence Method
4uE|$ 7.3.2 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of External Emission Angle at Fixed Photon Frequency (Disappearance/Appearance Angle Method
O"9Or3w 7.3.3 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of Photon Energy at Fixed Emission Angle (Symmetry Method)
go?}M]c%7 7.3.4 The Surface Emission Method and Electron Damping
}ws(:I^ 7.3.5 The Very-Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Method
-\~HAnh 7.3.6 The Fermi Surface Method
,qwVDYJ 7.3.7 Intensities and Their Use in Band-Structure Determinations
r1[#_A`Yn 7.3.8 Summary
{sF;R.P&r 7.4 Experimental Band Structures
@dc4v_9 7.4.1 One- and Two-Dimensional Systems
[z,6 K= 7.4.2 Three-Dimensional Solids: Metals and Semiconductors
Q.g44> 7..4.3UPS Band Structures and XPS Density of States
GP0}I@>? 7.5 A Comment
^_t7{z%sA[ References
g3TqTs \kP1 Jr 8.Surface States, Surface Effects
m[<z/D 8.1 Theoretical Considerations
an)Z.x 8.2 Experimental Results on Surface States
]23+ d/ 8.3 Quantum-Well States
YP73 8.4 Surface Core-Level Shifts
#D^(dz* References
C}]143a/Q I]Ws
9.Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
[/U5M>#n 9.1 Surface States
4[rX\?^e 9.2 Bulk Band Structures
:'Tq5kE 9.3 Adsorbed Molecules
nZ4@g@e2 References
#Yx
/ubg6 Q*8efzgs| 10. Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
jdd3[ 10.1 General Description
XGAR8=tic 10.2 Examples of Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
p4@0Dz`Q 10.3 Magnetic Dichroism
d RHw]!. References
/ !aVv zO((FQ 11. Photoelectron Diffraction
zcOG[- 11.1 Examples
&W%fsy< 11.2 Substrate Photoelectron Diffraction
!RwMUnp 11.3 Adsorbate Photoelectron Diffraction
Q+p9^_r 11.4 Fermi Surface Scans
QeQxz1 References
9s#*~[E* 3XhLn/@ Appendix
:oytJhxU A.1 Table of Binding Energies
,e{1l A.2 Surface and Bulk Brillouin Zones of the Three Low-Index Faces of a Face—Centered Cubic(fcc)Crystal Face
$?y\3GX A.3 Compilation of Work Functions
wLKC6@
W References
_uZVlu@ Index