光电子谱技术是研究原子、分子、固体和表面电子
结构的一种非常有效的手段。本书全面
系统地介绍了
光电子谱技术的
原理和应用,并简明讨论了逆光发射、自旋极化光发射和
光电子衍射等现象。本书是一本非常实用的光电子谱技术的专著,内容几乎覆盖了光电子研究的所有领域。其特点是紧密联系实验,并利用理论详细解释实验结果,达到理论和应用的有机结合。书中还收集了大量的实际
材料的光电子谱分析,同时给出了大量的实验数据,以便于读者的查阅。总之,该书既是一本很有价值的参考书,又可作为初学者的入门教材。
CF|4, K) (RhGBgp 作者在该领域做出了杰出的贡献。在第3版中,作者介绍了大量最新研究成果,并对光电子谱技术很多方面给出了有深刻见解的讨论。
~yrEB:w`_ h!>K[* 读者对象:适用于凝聚态
物理学、材料物理学和光电子学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
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Wzm!:U2R* )HaW# ,XB 目录
`dp]N0nz 1. Introduction and Basic Principles
%yr(i 6L 1.1 Historical Development
.(2Zoa 1.2 The Electron Mean Free Path
8ux?K5_ 1.3 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
1/hk3m(C 1.4 Experimental Aspects
V~tZNRJ- 1.5 Very High Resolution
d5 U?* 1.6 The Theory of Photoemission
BRSOE U\= 1.6.1 Core-Level Photoemission
Aw7oyC! 1.6.2 Valence-State Photoemission
Hi V7 1.6.3 Three-Step and One-Step Considerations
2|n)ZP2cp 1.7 Deviations from the Simple Theory of Photoemission
5(+9(
\x References
zG"*B_l}+ [pAW' : 2. Core Levels and Final States
RxeyMNd 2.1 Core-Level Binding Energies in Atoms and Molecules
cV|u]ce%1 2.1.1 The Equivalent-Core Approximation
N,oN3mFF 2.1.2 Chemical Shifts
-D?-ctFYj^ 2.2 Core-Level Binding Energies in Solids
CVa?L"lK 2.2.1 The Born-Haber Cycle in Insulators
OVy ZyZ# 2.2.2 Theory of Binding Energies
Y1=.46Ezf 2.2.3 Determination of Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts from Thermodynamic Data
W.|r=
2.3 Core Polarization
xD|/98 2.4 Final-State Multiplets in Rare-Earth Valence Bands
;XUiV$ 2.5 Vibrational Side Bands
|mHxkd 2.6 Core Levels of Adsorbed Molecules
7QnQ=gu 2.7 Quantitative Chemical Analysis from Core-Level Intensities
i,3[0*ge References
@U)k~z2Hk C VyYV &U, 3. Charge-Excitation Final States: Satellites
=x QLf4> 3.1 Copper Dihalides; 3d Transition Metal Compounds
nKR=/5a4Y 3.1.1 Characterization of a Satellite
j1Ng[ 3.1.2 Analysis of Charge-Transfer Satellites
!}+rg2 3.1.3 Non-local Screening
h3udS{9'8 3.2 The 6-eV Satellite in Nickel
px7<;(I 3.2.1 Resonance Photoemission
mW+QJ` 3 3.2.2 Satellites in Other Metals
<0%X:q< 3.3 The Gunnarsson-Sch6nhammer Theory
&a/F"?9jL 3.4 Photoemission Signals and Narrow Bands in Metals
~[wh References
=o<iBbK#| ytsPk2@WR 4. Continuous Satellites and Plasmon Satellites: XPS Photoemission in Nearly Free Electron Systems
df'xx)kW 4.1 Theory
2{`[<w 4.1.1 General
0P%,1M3d 4.1.2 Core-Line Shape
|1rKGDc 4.1.3 Intrinsic Plasmons
8Ev,9 4.1.4 Fxtrinsic FAectron Scattering: Plasmons and Background
8`$lsD 4.1.5 The Total Photoelectron Spectrum
m0$4 4.2 Experimental Results
N.l\2S} 4.2.1 The Core Line Without Plasmons
kN'.e* 4.2.2 Core-Level Spectra Including Plasmoas
c^%vyBMY 4.2.3 Valence-Band Spectra of the Simple Metals
l&2 }/A 4.2.4 Simple Metals: A General Comment
uyfH;9L5$ 4.3 The Background Correction
0=,vdT References
gPA),
NrN $%%K9Y 5. Valence Orbitals in Simple Molecules and Insulating Solids
h^`!kp 5.1 UPS Spectra of Monatomic Gases
<gtqwH] 5.2 Photoelectron Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
u#>*"4Q 5.3 Binding Energy of the H2 Molecule
%K$f2): 5.4 Hydrides Isoelectronic with Noble Gases
QnJ(C]cW Neon (Ne)
Fh3>y2`/ Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
[=otgVteN" Water (H2O)
mv0JD( Ammonia (NH3)
'u)zQAaw. Methane (CH4)
n}T;q1 5.5 Spectra of the Alkali HMides
LYV\|a{Y 5.6 Transition Metal Dihalides
<O]TM-h 5.7 Hydrocarbons
a2vZ' 5.7.1 Guidelines for the Interpretation of Spectra from Free Molecules
'T_Vm%\) 5.7.2 Linear Polymers
3u tJlD 5.8 Insulating Solids with Valence d Electrons
2b` 3"S 5.8.1 The NiO Problem
|+|q`SwJ 5.8.2 Mort Insulation
6cm&=n_u 5.8.3 The Metal-Insulator Transition;the Ratio of the Correlation Energy and the Bandwidth;Doping
:v(fgS2\
5.8.4Band Structures of Transition Metal Compounds
[og_0; 5.9 High—Temperature Superconductors
"F.0(<4) 5.9.1valence-Band Electronic Structure;Polycrystalline Samples
vnrP;T=^ 5.9.2 Dispersion Relations in High Temperature Superconductors;Single Crystals
F^xhhz&e 5.9.3 The Superconducting Gap
([+u U! 5.9.4 Symmetry of the Order Parameter in the High-Temperature SuDerconductors
jH4'jB 5.9.5 Core—Level Shifts
}5I+VY7a 5.10 The Fermi Liquid and the Luttinger Liquid
iFi6,V*PRt 5.11 Adsorbed Molecules
%~$P.Zh 5.11.1 Outline
hh$V[/iK 5.11.2 CO on Metal Surfaces
lCznH?[ References
ux
7^PTgcO *$4 EXwt' 6.Photoemission of Valence Electrons froill Metallic Solids in the OHe-Electron Approximation
H`XE5Hk)P% 6.1 Theory of Photoemission:A Summary of the Three-Step Model
-76l*=| 6.2 Discussion of the Photocurrent
,o\-'
6.2.1 Kinematics of Internal Photoemission in a Polycrystalline Sample
RdtF5#\z 6.2.2 Primary and Secondary Cones in the Photoemission from a Real Solid
m&36$>r= 6.2.3 Angle-Integrated and Angle-Resolved Data Collection
^#Ruw?D 6.3 Photoemission from the Semi—infinite Crystal:The Inverse LEED Formalism
(8$; 4 q[! 6.3.1 Band Structure Regime
(C=.&',P 6.3.2 XPS Regime
r*gQGvc 6.3.3 Surface Emission
~%8T_R /3 6.3.4 One-Step Calculations
Z%t"~r0PS 6.4 Thermal Effects
%( tu< 6.5 Dipole Selection Rules for Direct Optical Transitions
yGN2/>] References
&/}reE* ;#goC N. 7.Band Structtire and Angular-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra
!MNnau%O 7.1 Free-Electron Final—State Model
f=f8)+5 7.2 Methods Employing Calculated Band Structures
!i`HjV0wS 7.3 Methods for the Absolute Determination of the Crystal Momentum
X,Q'Xe/ 7.3.1 Triangulation or Energy Coincidence Method
X:ck 7.3.2 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of External Emission Angle at Fixed Photon Frequency (Disappearance/Appearance Angle Method
&YU;
K& 7.3.3 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of Photon Energy at Fixed Emission Angle (Symmetry Method)
|IL/F]I 7.3.4 The Surface Emission Method and Electron Damping
)nI}K QJ< 7.3.5 The Very-Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Method
42{\u 08Z 7.3.6 The Fermi Surface Method
+li<y`aw0 7.3.7 Intensities and Their Use in Band-Structure Determinations
WLB@]JvTBY 7.3.8 Summary
}K8W%h<3S 7.4 Experimental Band Structures
`o;E 7.4.1 One- and Two-Dimensional Systems
fC \Cx;q- 7.4.2 Three-Dimensional Solids: Metals and Semiconductors
{[<o)k .A 7..4.3UPS Band Structures and XPS Density of States
6~t;&)6J 7.5 A Comment
C1V@\mRi References
p#yq 'kY >Fzs%]M 8.Surface States, Surface Effects
L7}dvdtZ0 8.1 Theoretical Considerations
VD,p<u{r 8.2 Experimental Results on Surface States
HoTg7/iK 8.3 Quantum-Well States
_~=qByD
8.4 Surface Core-Level Shifts
G(n
e8L8 References
AxsTB9/ ~eVq Fc 9.Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Bc^%1 9.1 Surface States
8`0/?MZ) 9.2 Bulk Band Structures
m#^ua^JV 9.3 Adsorbed Molecules
2%|0c\y|z= References
HVq02 Z !b=jD;< 10. Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
,k,RXgQ 10.1 General Description
tz).] E
D 10.2 Examples of Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
yqY nd<K4 10.3 Magnetic Dichroism
C'_^DPzj References
`[&) X ]WO0v`xh 11. Photoelectron Diffraction
d&@>P&AT 11.1 Examples
OIqisQ7ZB 11.2 Substrate Photoelectron Diffraction
0|D^_1W`R 11.3 Adsorbate Photoelectron Diffraction
d"P\ =`+ 11.4 Fermi Surface Scans
sv g`s,g References
vz[-8 m:f @lYm2l^ Appendix
r}9a31i A.1 Table of Binding Energies
%ja8DRQ. A.2 Surface and Bulk Brillouin Zones of the Three Low-Index Faces of a Face—Centered Cubic(fcc)Crystal Face
?bq S{KF A.3 Compilation of Work Functions
&{x%"Aq/ References
m,u5S=3A{! Index