光电子谱技术是研究原子、分子、固体和表面电子
结构的一种非常有效的手段。本书全面
系统地介绍了
光电子谱技术的
原理和应用,并简明讨论了逆光发射、自旋极化光发射和
光电子衍射等现象。本书是一本非常实用的光电子谱技术的专著,内容几乎覆盖了光电子研究的所有领域。其特点是紧密联系实验,并利用理论详细解释实验结果,达到理论和应用的有机结合。书中还收集了大量的实际
材料的光电子谱分析,同时给出了大量的实验数据,以便于读者的查阅。总之,该书既是一本很有价值的参考书,又可作为初学者的入门教材。
z'MOuz~Y s7iguFQ 作者在该领域做出了杰出的贡献。在第3版中,作者介绍了大量最新研究成果,并对光电子谱技术很多方面给出了有深刻见解的讨论。
kl_JJX6jPP Edc< 8- 读者对象:适用于凝聚态
物理学、材料物理学和光电子学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
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^N _kiSr uMtq4. 目录
u!];RHOp| 1. Introduction and Basic Principles
|#Bz&T 1.1 Historical Development
vZmM=hW ~ 1.2 The Electron Mean Free Path
#7+oM8b 1.3 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
5vxJ|Hse@ 1.4 Experimental Aspects
1j
"/}0fx 1.5 Very High Resolution
b'4{l[3~nl 1.6 The Theory of Photoemission
%%}U
-*b 1.6.1 Core-Level Photoemission
3G
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%:sQ[^0 1.6.3 Three-Step and One-Step Considerations
Tf)qd\ 1.7 Deviations from the Simple Theory of Photoemission
x-,+skZs References
)"2)r{7: 0~Z>}( 2. Core Levels and Final States
kqYWa`eE 2.1 Core-Level Binding Energies in Atoms and Molecules
o
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,8nu%zcVn 2.1.2 Chemical Shifts
(PE x<r1 2.2 Core-Level Binding Energies in Solids
9o"k
7$ 2.2.1 The Born-Haber Cycle in Insulators
V<Q''%k 2.2.2 Theory of Binding Energies
1~Zmc1] 2.2.3 Determination of Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts from Thermodynamic Data
}eetx68\ 2.3 Core Polarization
qI"Xh"
c? 2.4 Final-State Multiplets in Rare-Earth Valence Bands
<spV Up 2.5 Vibrational Side Bands
~tWIVj{ 2.6 Core Levels of Adsorbed Molecules
]*|+06 2.7 Quantitative Chemical Analysis from Core-Level Intensities
HKbyi~8N= References
)HQ':ZE$ _]@ 3. Charge-Excitation Final States: Satellites
U}<5%"!; 3.1 Copper Dihalides; 3d Transition Metal Compounds
_o/LFLq 3.1.1 Characterization of a Satellite
(pN:ET B 3.1.2 Analysis of Charge-Transfer Satellites
+Kw:z? 3.1.3 Non-local Screening
~v"4;A6 3.2 The 6-eV Satellite in Nickel
jT>G8}h 3.2.1 Resonance Photoemission
d(9ZopJrQ 3.2.2 Satellites in Other Metals
,$s
NfW 3.3 The Gunnarsson-Sch6nhammer Theory
_GS_R%b 3.4 Photoemission Signals and Narrow Bands in Metals
YEH /22 References
jR[VPm= >zFk}/ 4. Continuous Satellites and Plasmon Satellites: XPS Photoemission in Nearly Free Electron Systems
Y S/x; 4.1 Theory
(Ild>_Tdb` 4.1.1 General
Ut.%=o;&[ 4.1.2 Core-Line Shape
A?i
~*#wE 4.1.3 Intrinsic Plasmons
#@FMH*?xX6 4.1.4 Fxtrinsic FAectron Scattering: Plasmons and Background
_ p%=RIR 4.1.5 The Total Photoelectron Spectrum
LH/lnrN 4.2 Experimental Results
ovm109fTx 4.2.1 The Core Line Without Plasmons
B;x5os 4.2.2 Core-Level Spectra Including Plasmoas
AX($LIy9P 4.2.3 Valence-Band Spectra of the Simple Metals
T% 74JRQ 4.2.4 Simple Metals: A General Comment
Iv])s 4.3 The Background Correction
}z%fQbw References
N~H!6N W {Tx"G9 5. Valence Orbitals in Simple Molecules and Insulating Solids
=rz7 x 5.1 UPS Spectra of Monatomic Gases
m31l[e 5.2 Photoelectron Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
QS7<7+ 5.3 Binding Energy of the H2 Molecule
dRj2%Q f 5.4 Hydrides Isoelectronic with Noble Gases
OlRtVp1 Neon (Ne)
)Fk*'6 Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
&:Q^j: Water (H2O)
y5/frJ Ammonia (NH3)
AXnRAW Methane (CH4)
DO*rVs3'p[ 5.5 Spectra of the Alkali HMides
/LwS|c6}} 5.6 Transition Metal Dihalides
3.?G,%S5.$ 5.7 Hydrocarbons
bu0i# 5.7.1 Guidelines for the Interpretation of Spectra from Free Molecules
K0;caqE^ 5.7.2 Linear Polymers
7v'aw"~ 5.8 Insulating Solids with Valence d Electrons
0?V{u`* 5.8.1 The NiO Problem
m\zCHX#n 5.8.2 Mort Insulation
co^bS;r 5.8.3 The Metal-Insulator Transition;the Ratio of the Correlation Energy and the Bandwidth;Doping
ob3)bI oM 5.8.4Band Structures of Transition Metal Compounds
~mBY_[_s= 5.9 High—Temperature Superconductors
we:P_\6 5.9.1valence-Band Electronic Structure;Polycrystalline Samples
+O$`8a)m 5.9.2 Dispersion Relations in High Temperature Superconductors;Single Crystals
i~Q nw-^B 5.9.3 The Superconducting Gap
2i9FzpC3 5.9.4 Symmetry of the Order Parameter in the High-Temperature SuDerconductors
K
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l,fwF ua 5.10 The Fermi Liquid and the Luttinger Liquid
_uXb 9 5.11 Adsorbed Molecules
d1jg3{pwA 5.11.1 Outline
{L'uuG\9U 5.11.2 CO on Metal Surfaces
Ml,~@}
p References
>c`r&W.t cr,fyAvX 6.Photoemission of Valence Electrons froill Metallic Solids in the OHe-Electron Approximation
J497
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B:)PUBb 6.2 Discussion of the Photocurrent
kz0pX-@b 6.2.1 Kinematics of Internal Photoemission in a Polycrystalline Sample
tt4Z 6.2.2 Primary and Secondary Cones in the Photoemission from a Real Solid
rX(Ol,&oP 6.2.3 Angle-Integrated and Angle-Resolved Data Collection
Kz~E"? 6.3 Photoemission from the Semi—infinite Crystal:The Inverse LEED Formalism
8I8{xt4 6.3.1 Band Structure Regime
- +<ai 6.3.2 XPS Regime
Y{KN:|i.! 6.3.3 Surface Emission
8Y"R@'~ 6.3.4 One-Step Calculations
>//yvkZ9, 6.4 Thermal Effects
= }ELu@\V[ 6.5 Dipole Selection Rules for Direct Optical Transitions
-,186ZVZ References
G^ShN45 \B4f5L8k 7.Band Structtire and Angular-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra
9y'To JZ6 7.1 Free-Electron Final—State Model
]qb>O:T 7.2 Methods Employing Calculated Band Structures
ilRPV'S^ 7.3 Methods for the Absolute Determination of the Crystal Momentum
A&N$=9.N1 7.3.1 Triangulation or Energy Coincidence Method
B#]:1:Qn 7.3.2 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of External Emission Angle at Fixed Photon Frequency (Disappearance/Appearance Angle Method
{K N7Y"AI 7.3.3 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of Photon Energy at Fixed Emission Angle (Symmetry Method)
Skl:~'W.&| 7.3.4 The Surface Emission Method and Electron Damping
uK%0,!q 7.3.5 The Very-Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Method
g
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:]icW^% 7.3.7 Intensities and Their Use in Band-Structure Determinations
/z
m+ 7.3.8 Summary
#.<Dq8u 7.4 Experimental Band Structures
&t U&ZH 7.4.1 One- and Two-Dimensional Systems
&E]<KbVx 7.4.2 Three-Dimensional Solids: Metals and Semiconductors
%0p9\I 7..4.3UPS Band Structures and XPS Density of States
g#Z7ReMw 7.5 A Comment
vYybQ&E/ References
v}5||s!= !eHQe7_ 8.Surface States, Surface Effects
E]Qd5l 8.1 Theoretical Considerations
FKtG 8.2 Experimental Results on Surface States
rR4?*90vjj 8.3 Quantum-Well States
c!kz wc( 8.4 Surface Core-Level Shifts
SJ}PV:x References
y*Gq VA[ ba tXj]: 9.Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
xyP0haE 9.1 Surface States
ov5g`uud 9.2 Bulk Band Structures
'%&-`/x 9.3 Adsorbed Molecules
= R n References
ol1J1Zg >guX,hx^ 10. Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
EK Ac>g 10.1 General Description
&lo<sbd. 10.2 Examples of Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
>E7s}bL" 10.3 Magnetic Dichroism
%J+ w9Z References
\j<aFOT( bw)E;1zo 11. Photoelectron Diffraction
2eRv{_ 11.1 Examples
Xyu0np;@ 11.2 Substrate Photoelectron Diffraction
TtrV
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\maj5VlJ 11.4 Fermi Surface Scans
cm8co References
kT % m` S\ K[l/ Appendix
B~E>=85z A.1 Table of Binding Energies
,
{}S<^?] A.2 Surface and Bulk Brillouin Zones of the Three Low-Index Faces of a Face—Centered Cubic(fcc)Crystal Face
RT2&^9- A.3 Compilation of Work Functions
yO/'}FD References
e< G[!m Index