光电子谱技术是研究原子、分子、固体和表面电子
结构的一种非常有效的手段。本书全面
系统地介绍了
光电子谱技术的
原理和应用,并简明讨论了逆光发射、自旋极化光发射和
光电子衍射等现象。本书是一本非常实用的光电子谱技术的专著,内容几乎覆盖了光电子研究的所有领域。其特点是紧密联系实验,并利用理论详细解释实验结果,达到理论和应用的有机结合。书中还收集了大量的实际
材料的光电子谱分析,同时给出了大量的实验数据,以便于读者的查阅。总之,该书既是一本很有价值的参考书,又可作为初学者的入门教材。
kqM045W7 +b.g$CRr 作者在该领域做出了杰出的贡献。在第3版中,作者介绍了大量最新研究成果,并对光电子谱技术很多方面给出了有深刻见解的讨论。
"Om=N@? 6N",-c 读者对象:适用于凝聚态
物理学、材料物理学和光电子学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
*C5R}9O5 +aJ>rR
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)Hpa}FGT 7({]x*o*% 目录
VXYK?Qc' 1. Introduction and Basic Principles
uehDIl0\[b 1.1 Historical Development
_oHNkKQ 1.2 The Electron Mean Free Path
v16JgycM 1.3 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
6%t1b M
a 1.4 Experimental Aspects
A;*d}Xe&J 1.5 Very High Resolution
b:Wm8pp? 1.6 The Theory of Photoemission
spdvZU=} 1.6.1 Core-Level Photoemission
o9JMH.G 1.6.2 Valence-State Photoemission
Of" 1.6.3 Three-Step and One-Step Considerations
H7d/X 1.7 Deviations from the Simple Theory of Photoemission
8dO! References
8.XoVW# #pb92kA' 2. Core Levels and Final States
A Y*e@nk\ 2.1 Core-Level Binding Energies in Atoms and Molecules
<g1hxfKx5 2.1.1 The Equivalent-Core Approximation
%+j8["VEC 2.1.2 Chemical Shifts
j7jCm: 2.2 Core-Level Binding Energies in Solids
p^Ak1qm~e 2.2.1 The Born-Haber Cycle in Insulators
,u+PyG7 cb 2.2.2 Theory of Binding Energies
1Md 2.2.3 Determination of Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts from Thermodynamic Data
TM_/`a2} 2.3 Core Polarization
Jth[DUH8H 2.4 Final-State Multiplets in Rare-Earth Valence Bands
;nodjbr,j 2.5 Vibrational Side Bands
y0#u9t"Z; 2.6 Core Levels of Adsorbed Molecules
x c/}#>ED 2.7 Quantitative Chemical Analysis from Core-Level Intensities
b6U2GDm\s References
P!H_1RwXKC vbb5f #WZ 3. Charge-Excitation Final States: Satellites
>33=<~#n 3.1 Copper Dihalides; 3d Transition Metal Compounds
~F4fFQ-yy 3.1.1 Characterization of a Satellite
/W>iJfx 3.1.2 Analysis of Charge-Transfer Satellites
*:Vq:IU[D 3.1.3 Non-local Screening
w2
a1mU/ 3.2 The 6-eV Satellite in Nickel
PcA2/!a 3.2.1 Resonance Photoemission
^Pbk#|$rU 3.2.2 Satellites in Other Metals
`8AR_7i 3.3 The Gunnarsson-Sch6nhammer Theory
j6Yy6X] 3.4 Photoemission Signals and Narrow Bands in Metals
@6wFst\t References
do*EKo ;$smH=I 4. Continuous Satellites and Plasmon Satellites: XPS Photoemission in Nearly Free Electron Systems
^>i63Yc 4.1 Theory
U.DDaT1 4.1.1 General
l038%U~U! 4.1.2 Core-Line Shape
ujlY!-GM 4.1.3 Intrinsic Plasmons
I aGq]z 4.1.4 Fxtrinsic FAectron Scattering: Plasmons and Background
jN[`L%Qm 4.1.5 The Total Photoelectron Spectrum
\.-}adKg 4.2 Experimental Results
x4E7X_ 4.2.1 The Core Line Without Plasmons
7]blrN] 4.2.2 Core-Level Spectra Including Plasmoas
D|e
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\QYFAa 4.2.4 Simple Metals: A General Comment
~]nSSD)\ 4.3 The Background Correction
{]:7bV#JP References
-_1>C\h" )}"wesNo". 5. Valence Orbitals in Simple Molecules and Insulating Solids
BW 4%l 5.1 UPS Spectra of Monatomic Gases
xT 5.2 Photoelectron Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
n/+.s(7c 5.3 Binding Energy of the H2 Molecule
S/9DtXQ 5.4 Hydrides Isoelectronic with Noble Gases
-'t)=YJ Neon (Ne)
KY51rw. Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
G+X
Sfr Water (H2O)
n=y[CKS Ammonia (NH3)
[8T^@YN Methane (CH4)
,N!o 5.5 Spectra of the Alkali HMides
mt,OniU= Q 5.6 Transition Metal Dihalides
;[M}MFc/` 5.7 Hydrocarbons
z^#;~I @M 5.7.1 Guidelines for the Interpretation of Spectra from Free Molecules
{(r`k;fB 5.7.2 Linear Polymers
>`A9[`$n 5.8 Insulating Solids with Valence d Electrons
>zXsNeGQR 5.8.1 The NiO Problem
yCVI\y\B 5.8.2 Mort Insulation
|}(`kW 5.8.3 The Metal-Insulator Transition;the Ratio of the Correlation Energy and the Bandwidth;Doping
23RN}LUi 5.8.4Band Structures of Transition Metal Compounds
8B\2Zfe 5.9 High—Temperature Superconductors
dep=& 5.9.1valence-Band Electronic Structure;Polycrystalline Samples
X voo= 5.9.2 Dispersion Relations in High Temperature Superconductors;Single Crystals
;[=8B\? 5.9.3 The Superconducting Gap
(9Ux{@$o[ 5.9.4 Symmetry of the Order Parameter in the High-Temperature SuDerconductors
mi,E- 5.9.5 Core—Level Shifts
L"o>wYx 5.10 The Fermi Liquid and the Luttinger Liquid
+yk24
`> 5.11 Adsorbed Molecules
j4|N-: 5.11.1 Outline
ykV
5 5.11.2 CO on Metal Surfaces
Y]/%t{Y References
6W]9$n\"? .QZaGw=,z 6.Photoemission of Valence Electrons froill Metallic Solids in the OHe-Electron Approximation
lT&eJO~?5 6.1 Theory of Photoemission:A Summary of the Three-Step Model
_kU:Z 6.2 Discussion of the Photocurrent
JM x>][xD 6.2.1 Kinematics of Internal Photoemission in a Polycrystalline Sample
\s=t|Wpu2 6.2.2 Primary and Secondary Cones in the Photoemission from a Real Solid
:,'wVS8"] 6.2.3 Angle-Integrated and Angle-Resolved Data Collection
'>cKH$nVC} 6.3 Photoemission from the Semi—infinite Crystal:The Inverse LEED Formalism
_B/dWA,P 6.3.1 Band Structure Regime
~Y|*`C_) 6.3.2 XPS Regime
<}<zgOT[1! 6.3.3 Surface Emission
>8WP0Qx/ 6.3.4 One-Step Calculations
eYN5;bx)W 6.4 Thermal Effects
_AAaC_q 6.5 Dipole Selection Rules for Direct Optical Transitions
S|7!{} References
e4H A7=z "Zl5< 7.Band Structtire and Angular-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra
{`LU+ 7.1 Free-Electron Final—State Model
n
`&/D 7.2 Methods Employing Calculated Band Structures
. 1KhBgy^K 7.3 Methods for the Absolute Determination of the Crystal Momentum
[d(U38BI 7.3.1 Triangulation or Energy Coincidence Method
5-aj2>=7 7.3.2 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of External Emission Angle at Fixed Photon Frequency (Disappearance/Appearance Angle Method
lQ" p ! 7.3.3 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of Photon Energy at Fixed Emission Angle (Symmetry Method)
]xRM&=)< 7.3.4 The Surface Emission Method and Electron Damping
nqI@Y) 7.3.5 The Very-Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Method
i;/5Y'KZ 7.3.6 The Fermi Surface Method
QPx_- 7.3.7 Intensities and Their Use in Band-Structure Determinations
'ig&$fz b 7.3.8 Summary
9 7GV2]-M 7.4 Experimental Band Structures
&O9 |#YUq 7.4.1 One- and Two-Dimensional Systems
8$6Y{$&C 7.4.2 Three-Dimensional Solids: Metals and Semiconductors
o4m\~as)Y 7..4.3UPS Band Structures and XPS Density of States
^(vs.U^U< 7.5 A Comment
OSs&r$ References
}001K CG0
M 8.Surface States, Surface Effects
g.BdlVB\ 8.1 Theoretical Considerations
Si8pzd 8.2 Experimental Results on Surface States
NidIVbT.A 8.3 Quantum-Well States
_F>CBG 8.4 Surface Core-Level Shifts
K@I
D/]PF References
"e.jZcN* p1Jh0o8 9.Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
, w{e 9.1 Surface States
Fq|Ni$ 9.2 Bulk Band Structures
9^oKtkoDZ 9.3 Adsorbed Molecules
@ ;*Ksy@1O References
LAB=Vp1y3[ #Y*X<L 10. Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
WI-&x
' 10.1 General Description
* @ 3Ag( 10.2 Examples of Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
KN<S}3MN 10.3 Magnetic Dichroism
w>pq+og& References
fmU { W>) M5t4i 11. Photoelectron Diffraction
)J2mM 11.1 Examples
t;W0"ci9 11.2 Substrate Photoelectron Diffraction
''yB5#^w( 11.3 Adsorbate Photoelectron Diffraction
G<}()+L 11.4 Fermi Surface Scans
[@VP?74 References
OI|[roMK B<5R Appendix
IwQ"eUnK A.1 Table of Binding Energies
i3tg6o4C A.2 Surface and Bulk Brillouin Zones of the Three Low-Index Faces of a Face—Centered Cubic(fcc)Crystal Face
EK{Eo9l A.3 Compilation of Work Functions
]<ldWL References
24
[+pu Index