光电子谱技术是研究原子、分子、固体和表面电子
结构的一种非常有效的手段。本书全面
系统地介绍了
光电子谱技术的
原理和应用,并简明讨论了逆光发射、自旋极化光发射和
光电子衍射等现象。本书是一本非常实用的光电子谱技术的专著,内容几乎覆盖了光电子研究的所有领域。其特点是紧密联系实验,并利用理论详细解释实验结果,达到理论和应用的有机结合。书中还收集了大量的实际
材料的光电子谱分析,同时给出了大量的实验数据,以便于读者的查阅。总之,该书既是一本很有价值的参考书,又可作为初学者的入门教材。
$tlBI:ay1 $z=a+t * 作者在该领域做出了杰出的贡献。在第3版中,作者介绍了大量最新研究成果,并对光电子谱技术很多方面给出了有深刻见解的讨论。
h#1:ypA6l /xn|d#4 读者对象:适用于凝聚态
物理学、材料物理学和光电子学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
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#}Qe{4L It*U"4lgi 目录
ju2H0AQ 1. Introduction and Basic Principles
PKlR_#EB? 1.1 Historical Development
EU(e5vO 1.2 The Electron Mean Free Path
PYQ0&;z 1.3 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
?e%*q^~Cu 1.4 Experimental Aspects
2Z; !N37U 1.5 Very High Resolution
enk`I$Xx 1.6 The Theory of Photoemission
O>E}Lu;| 1.6.1 Core-Level Photoemission
[I;C6p 1.6.2 Valence-State Photoemission
|s/)lA:9 1.6.3 Three-Step and One-Step Considerations
FQek+[ox 1.7 Deviations from the Simple Theory of Photoemission
g0 f4>m References
gs<~)&x J;sQvPHV8 2. Core Levels and Final States
lhM5a
\ 2.1 Core-Level Binding Energies in Atoms and Molecules
o0Teect= 2.1.1 The Equivalent-Core Approximation
Y`gO:d8 2.1.2 Chemical Shifts
1
-Z&/3T] 2.2 Core-Level Binding Energies in Solids
w,hm_aDq 2.2.1 The Born-Haber Cycle in Insulators
&D<6Go/)_* 2.2.2 Theory of Binding Energies
NXD- 2.2.3 Determination of Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts from Thermodynamic Data
bAlty}U 2.3 Core Polarization
UV(`. 2.4 Final-State Multiplets in Rare-Earth Valence Bands
nscnG5'{+ 2.5 Vibrational Side Bands
#x 6/"Y2 2.6 Core Levels of Adsorbed Molecules
wn"\@Qv G 2.7 Quantitative Chemical Analysis from Core-Level Intensities
+*OAClt+] References
q:_:E*o zE;|MU@| 3. Charge-Excitation Final States: Satellites
%C%3c4+Oh 3.1 Copper Dihalides; 3d Transition Metal Compounds
CLND[gc 3.1.1 Characterization of a Satellite
-|x7<$Hw 3.1.2 Analysis of Charge-Transfer Satellites
)]n>.ZmLCB 3.1.3 Non-local Screening
Av.`'.b 3.2 The 6-eV Satellite in Nickel
n)N!6u 3.2.1 Resonance Photoemission
[__P-h{J 3.2.2 Satellites in Other Metals
{~&] 3.3 The Gunnarsson-Sch6nhammer Theory
H2iIBGu|L 3.4 Photoemission Signals and Narrow Bands in Metals
Zzlt^#KLx References
PU%Zay P%B|HnG^ 4. Continuous Satellites and Plasmon Satellites: XPS Photoemission in Nearly Free Electron Systems
e@c8Ce|0 4.1 Theory
!- [ZQ 4.1.1 General
7!qeIz 4.1.2 Core-Line Shape
qKSR5 # 4.1.3 Intrinsic Plasmons
p$F`9_bZ 4.1.4 Fxtrinsic FAectron Scattering: Plasmons and Background
'7' 73 4.1.5 The Total Photoelectron Spectrum
H/t0# 4.2 Experimental Results
H-t$A, [ 4.2.1 The Core Line Without Plasmons
WiZkIZ 4.2.2 Core-Level Spectra Including Plasmoas
N[9o6Nl|a 4.2.3 Valence-Band Spectra of the Simple Metals
`pv 4.2.4 Simple Metals: A General Comment
M19O^P>[ 4.3 The Background Correction
xTk6q*NvT^ References
DK2Wjr; UV|{za$&/ 5. Valence Orbitals in Simple Molecules and Insulating Solids
!pfpT\i]N: 5.1 UPS Spectra of Monatomic Gases
"r`2V-E 5.2 Photoelectron Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
,or;8aYc# 5.3 Binding Energy of the H2 Molecule
S#CaJ}M 5.4 Hydrides Isoelectronic with Noble Gases
=Crl{Ax Neon (Ne)
f2tCB1[D+ Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
TlO=dLR7d Water (H2O)
ZYY`f/qi Ammonia (NH3)
;7[DFlS\P Methane (CH4)
P:J|![ 5.5 Spectra of the Alkali HMides
p v4#`.m 5.6 Transition Metal Dihalides
rhYAR r' 5.7 Hydrocarbons
ZT"vVX-)G 5.7.1 Guidelines for the Interpretation of Spectra from Free Molecules
GRpwEfG 5.7.2 Linear Polymers
{Mo[C% 5.8 Insulating Solids with Valence d Electrons
`4ga~Ch 5.8.1 The NiO Problem
5~>j98K 5.8.2 Mort Insulation
GQ85ykky 5.8.3 The Metal-Insulator Transition;the Ratio of the Correlation Energy and the Bandwidth;Doping
b4$g$() 5.8.4Band Structures of Transition Metal Compounds
9k4z__K e 5.9 High—Temperature Superconductors
ys) 5.9.1valence-Band Electronic Structure;Polycrystalline Samples
1z; !)pG. 5.9.2 Dispersion Relations in High Temperature Superconductors;Single Crystals
J*ofa> 5.9.3 The Superconducting Gap
8bw,dBN 5.9.4 Symmetry of the Order Parameter in the High-Temperature SuDerconductors
iYa)*, 5.9.5 Core—Level Shifts
3 p -SpUvp 5.10 The Fermi Liquid and the Luttinger Liquid
rD6NUS 5.11 Adsorbed Molecules
2/ )~$0 5.11.1 Outline
>;G7ty[RX7 5.11.2 CO on Metal Surfaces
n\7>_ References
8\)4waz$ !#1UTa 6.Photoemission of Valence Electrons froill Metallic Solids in the OHe-Electron Approximation
l d%#.~Q 6.1 Theory of Photoemission:A Summary of the Three-Step Model
a@_n>$LZL 6.2 Discussion of the Photocurrent
/2r&ga& 6.2.1 Kinematics of Internal Photoemission in a Polycrystalline Sample
e\#aQ1?" 6.2.2 Primary and Secondary Cones in the Photoemission from a Real Solid
amQiH!}8R 6.2.3 Angle-Integrated and Angle-Resolved Data Collection
7lOAu]Zx 6.3 Photoemission from the Semi—infinite Crystal:The Inverse LEED Formalism
SXXO# 6.3.1 Band Structure Regime
6QHUBm2 6.3.2 XPS Regime
Dir# [j 6.3.3 Surface Emission
*Qngx
6.3.4 One-Step Calculations
i*xVD`x ~ 6.4 Thermal Effects
wd,6/5=lh 6.5 Dipole Selection Rules for Direct Optical Transitions
1JS5 LS References
EE9eG31|r 5OTZa>H 7.Band Structtire and Angular-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra
<e|B7<. 7.1 Free-Electron Final—State Model
uw>y*OLU+ 7.2 Methods Employing Calculated Band Structures
;M+~e~ 7.3 Methods for the Absolute Determination of the Crystal Momentum
*yg`V,C 7.3.1 Triangulation or Energy Coincidence Method
uYE"OUNWL 7.3.2 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of External Emission Angle at Fixed Photon Frequency (Disappearance/Appearance Angle Method
SQ/}K8uZ 7.3.3 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of Photon Energy at Fixed Emission Angle (Symmetry Method)
3ug>,1:6- 7.3.4 The Surface Emission Method and Electron Damping
3E @ & 7.3.5 The Very-Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Method
3;//o< 7.3.6 The Fermi Surface Method
UOe@R|79q 7.3.7 Intensities and Their Use in Band-Structure Determinations
m9 'bDyyK 7.3.8 Summary
3! KyO)8 7.4 Experimental Band Structures
HT_nxe`E 7.4.1 One- and Two-Dimensional Systems
r-hb]!t 7.4.2 Three-Dimensional Solids: Metals and Semiconductors
JFRbWQ0 7..4.3UPS Band Structures and XPS Density of States
KrTlzbw&p\ 7.5 A Comment
1LmbXH]% References
P$__c{1\ lo7>$`Q 8.Surface States, Surface Effects
=4/K#cQ 8.1 Theoretical Considerations
~:b5UIAk 8.2 Experimental Results on Surface States
JWQd6JQ_~V 8.3 Quantum-Well States
=EHKu|rX~ 8.4 Surface Core-Level Shifts
ypvz&SzIh References
4?`*#DPl f 0/q{* 9.Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
m*AiP]Qu 9.1 Surface States
[xDn=)`{V 9.2 Bulk Band Structures
m7cG]a~a 9.3 Adsorbed Molecules
_:XX+3W7 References
$3Sm? 9 b&HqkXX 10. Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
aqP"Y9l 10.1 General Description
(]"`>,ray 10.2 Examples of Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
()_^:WQO? 10.3 Magnetic Dichroism
<@c9S,@t References
tY`%vI [ o3:h!(#G 11. Photoelectron Diffraction
?KFj=Yo 11.1 Examples
xqj@T^y 11.2 Substrate Photoelectron Diffraction
_]kw |[) 11.3 Adsorbate Photoelectron Diffraction
xc?=fv 11.4 Fermi Surface Scans
_.GHtu/I References
P.Qz>c^-C 9'O@8KB_ Appendix
DPWnvd A.1 Table of Binding Energies
a;G>56iw A.2 Surface and Bulk Brillouin Zones of the Three Low-Index Faces of a Face—Centered Cubic(fcc)Crystal Face
kznm$2 b A.3 Compilation of Work Functions
&A&2z l %# References
9!Bz)dJ3 Index