光电子谱技术是研究原子、分子、固体和表面电子
结构的一种非常有效的手段。本书全面
系统地介绍了
光电子谱技术的
原理和应用,并简明讨论了逆光发射、自旋极化光发射和
光电子衍射等现象。本书是一本非常实用的光电子谱技术的专著,内容几乎覆盖了光电子研究的所有领域。其特点是紧密联系实验,并利用理论详细解释实验结果,达到理论和应用的有机结合。书中还收集了大量的实际
材料的光电子谱分析,同时给出了大量的实验数据,以便于读者的查阅。总之,该书既是一本很有价值的参考书,又可作为初学者的入门教材。
7<;87t]] is@8x!c 作者在该领域做出了杰出的贡献。在第3版中,作者介绍了大量最新研究成果,并对光电子谱技术很多方面给出了有深刻见解的讨论。
u
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Y+ YBb%D 读者对象:适用于凝聚态
物理学、材料物理学和光电子学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
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qk!")t RS'!>9I 目录
M{M>$pt 1. Introduction and Basic Principles
80=6B 1.1 Historical Development
xaiA2 1.2 The Electron Mean Free Path
fy&vo~4i; 1.3 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
X.TsOoy 1.4 Experimental Aspects
~Iw7Xq E2 1.5 Very High Resolution
DMO8~5 1.6 The Theory of Photoemission
C8 [W 1.6.1 Core-Level Photoemission
>HMuh) 1.6.2 Valence-State Photoemission
*Xm$w 1.6.3 Three-Step and One-Step Considerations
zq\YZ:JC 1.7 Deviations from the Simple Theory of Photoemission
Xi vzhI4 References
h:%L% Y9z 7\ELr 5
2. Core Levels and Final States
2rK%fV53b 2.1 Core-Level Binding Energies in Atoms and Molecules
&,~0*&r0 2.1.1 The Equivalent-Core Approximation
P")duv 2.1.2 Chemical Shifts
!58j xh 2.2 Core-Level Binding Energies in Solids
UOh%"h 2.2.1 The Born-Haber Cycle in Insulators
mFoE2?Y 2.2.2 Theory of Binding Energies
*htv:Sr 2.2.3 Determination of Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts from Thermodynamic Data
9[#9cv 2.3 Core Polarization
yn &+ >{ 2.4 Final-State Multiplets in Rare-Earth Valence Bands
Y [8~M8QX 2.5 Vibrational Side Bands
Ej|rf Y 2.6 Core Levels of Adsorbed Molecules
)q#1C]7m* 2.7 Quantitative Chemical Analysis from Core-Level Intensities
7ip$#pzo References
u17e HHd;<% q 3. Charge-Excitation Final States: Satellites
.8[Uk^q 3.1 Copper Dihalides; 3d Transition Metal Compounds
ME'hN->c 3.1.1 Characterization of a Satellite
liu%K9-r 3.1.2 Analysis of Charge-Transfer Satellites
Qe8F(k~k 3.1.3 Non-local Screening
19V 3.2 The 6-eV Satellite in Nickel
ue?e}hF 3.2.1 Resonance Photoemission
Qv~KGd9 3.2.2 Satellites in Other Metals
! n@*6 3.3 The Gunnarsson-Sch6nhammer Theory
e}V3dC^pU 3.4 Photoemission Signals and Narrow Bands in Metals
ib$_x:OO" References
hRKAs
]^j /"$A?}V 4. Continuous Satellites and Plasmon Satellites: XPS Photoemission in Nearly Free Electron Systems
BT[jD}? 4.1 Theory
*>b*I4dz 4.1.1 General
II=(>G9v 4.1.2 Core-Line Shape
?;{d 4.1.3 Intrinsic Plasmons
sw:o3cC] 4.1.4 Fxtrinsic FAectron Scattering: Plasmons and Background
mBb;:-5 4.1.5 The Total Photoelectron Spectrum
d"h*yH@ 4.2 Experimental Results
Z1@E 4.2.1 The Core Line Without Plasmons
`R\aNgCS} 4.2.2 Core-Level Spectra Including Plasmoas
Id_? 4.2.3 Valence-Band Spectra of the Simple Metals
;S,k
U{F 4.2.4 Simple Metals: A General Comment
h?cf)L 4.3 The Background Correction
/3( a'o[ References
~96fyk| ey icMy`7{ 5. Valence Orbitals in Simple Molecules and Insulating Solids
/HlLfW 5.1 UPS Spectra of Monatomic Gases
,\t:R1. 5.2 Photoelectron Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
RXo!K iQO 5.3 Binding Energy of the H2 Molecule
6
GL.bS 5.4 Hydrides Isoelectronic with Noble Gases
bLSZZfq Neon (Ne)
hT
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VMc Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
6I5,PB Water (H2O)
km%c0: Ammonia (NH3)
PAYbsn Methane (CH4)
l'Oz-p.@ 5.5 Spectra of the Alkali HMides
Zq,[se'nh" 5.6 Transition Metal Dihalides
uL.)+E 5.7 Hydrocarbons
l+%2kR 5.7.1 Guidelines for the Interpretation of Spectra from Free Molecules
=IbDGw( 5.7.2 Linear Polymers
O7]p `Xi8 5.8 Insulating Solids with Valence d Electrons
j=&]=0F 5.8.1 The NiO Problem
Rv-`6eyAA 5.8.2 Mort Insulation
|$hBYw 5.8.3 The Metal-Insulator Transition;the Ratio of the Correlation Energy and the Bandwidth;Doping
pQ:7%+Om 5.8.4Band Structures of Transition Metal Compounds
R&lJ& SgC 5.9 High—Temperature Superconductors
xEULV4Qw 5.9.1valence-Band Electronic Structure;Polycrystalline Samples
<FaF67[Q 5.9.2 Dispersion Relations in High Temperature Superconductors;Single Crystals
H8$l }pOz 5.9.3 The Superconducting Gap
>h!>Ll 5.9.4 Symmetry of the Order Parameter in the High-Temperature SuDerconductors
ef
!@|2 5.9.5 Core—Level Shifts
.mr&zq 5.10 The Fermi Liquid and the Luttinger Liquid
*y6zwe !M 5.11 Adsorbed Molecules
>
T$M0&< 5.11.1 Outline
8ClOd<I 5.11.2 CO on Metal Surfaces
df85g References
H K]-QTEn CtEpS<*c 6.Photoemission of Valence Electrons froill Metallic Solids in the OHe-Electron Approximation
-^R6U~ 6.1 Theory of Photoemission:A Summary of the Three-Step Model
o7_*#5rD 6.2 Discussion of the Photocurrent
yniXb2iM 6.2.1 Kinematics of Internal Photoemission in a Polycrystalline Sample
0@O:C:: 6.2.2 Primary and Secondary Cones in the Photoemission from a Real Solid
O)2==_f\ 6.2.3 Angle-Integrated and Angle-Resolved Data Collection
D7X8yv1 6.3 Photoemission from the Semi—infinite Crystal:The Inverse LEED Formalism
d*}dM" 6.3.1 Band Structure Regime
||xiKg 6.3.2 XPS Regime
nBN+.RB:( 6.3.3 Surface Emission
Lo<-;;vQ 6.3.4 One-Step Calculations
`f|Gw5R 6.4 Thermal Effects
~!t# M2Sk 6.5 Dipole Selection Rules for Direct Optical Transitions
E4CyW References
)U2cS\k'7n \/wbk`2 7.Band Structtire and Angular-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra
6k4ZzQ} 7.1 Free-Electron Final—State Model
J*!_kg)>J 7.2 Methods Employing Calculated Band Structures
uPbGQ :%} 7.3 Methods for the Absolute Determination of the Crystal Momentum
6h?v/\ 7.3.1 Triangulation or Energy Coincidence Method
>e'Hz (~'/ 7.3.2 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of External Emission Angle at Fixed Photon Frequency (Disappearance/Appearance Angle Method
y Tb OBl 7.3.3 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of Photon Energy at Fixed Emission Angle (Symmetry Method)
NZ|(#` X 7.3.4 The Surface Emission Method and Electron Damping
tPQjjoh 7.3.5 The Very-Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Method
X&bz%I>v 7.3.6 The Fermi Surface Method
3|se]~ 7.3.7 Intensities and Their Use in Band-Structure Determinations
SV?^i ` 7.3.8 Summary
8LPvb#9= 7.4 Experimental Band Structures
ep ,"@,, 7.4.1 One- and Two-Dimensional Systems
B(eC|:w[z 7.4.2 Three-Dimensional Solids: Metals and Semiconductors
uV|%idC 7..4.3UPS Band Structures and XPS Density of States
}ldOxJSB? 7.5 A Comment
I:l/U-b7h References
pHftz-RS! 6T`F'Fk[ 8.Surface States, Surface Effects
?q*,,+'0 8.1 Theoretical Considerations
p;x3gc;0 8.2 Experimental Results on Surface States
Ic<J]+Xq 8.3 Quantum-Well States
~zd+M/8 8.4 Surface Core-Level Shifts
(m~gG|n4 References
j#f7-nHyz8 u)hr 9.Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
mw!EDJ;' 9.1 Surface States
##\
<mFE 9.2 Bulk Band Structures
%v"qFYVX" 9.3 Adsorbed Molecules
jYxmU8 References
"0V8i%a ~d9@m#_T#~ 10. Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
=/Lwprj 10.1 General Description
=[
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(fTi1
I! 10.3 Magnetic Dichroism
\F; S References
s?9$o
Qq1 Qt~QJJN?oF 11. Photoelectron Diffraction
=qNZ7>Qw 11.1 Examples
9 aacW 11.2 Substrate Photoelectron Diffraction
Py!
F 11.3 Adsorbate Photoelectron Diffraction
"J=A(w5 11.4 Fermi Surface Scans
b\.l!v n0 References
-*nd5(lY& FSNzBN Appendix
e.n*IJ_fz A.1 Table of Binding Energies
D| gI3i A.2 Surface and Bulk Brillouin Zones of the Three Low-Index Faces of a Face—Centered Cubic(fcc)Crystal Face
/ygC_,mx A.3 Compilation of Work Functions
*[ww; References
]nQC Index