光电子谱技术是研究原子、分子、固体和表面电子
结构的一种非常有效的手段。本书全面
系统地介绍了
光电子谱技术的
原理和应用,并简明讨论了逆光发射、自旋极化光发射和
光电子衍射等现象。本书是一本非常实用的光电子谱技术的专著,内容几乎覆盖了光电子研究的所有领域。其特点是紧密联系实验,并利用理论详细解释实验结果,达到理论和应用的有机结合。书中还收集了大量的实际
材料的光电子谱分析,同时给出了大量的实验数据,以便于读者的查阅。总之,该书既是一本很有价值的参考书,又可作为初学者的入门教材。
A+"ia1p,} Li/O 作者在该领域做出了杰出的贡献。在第3版中,作者介绍了大量最新研究成果,并对光电子谱技术很多方面给出了有深刻见解的讨论。
7=TF.TW)
i|w81p^o 读者对象:适用于凝聚态
物理学、材料物理学和光电子学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
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w)kNkD 5NS[dQG5 目录
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% 1. Introduction and Basic Principles
"a
ueL/dgN 1.1 Historical Development
tiB_a}5IB 1.2 The Electron Mean Free Path
3DiLk=\~ 1.3 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
:km61 1.4 Experimental Aspects
V5sg#|& 1.5 Very High Resolution
i'H/ZwU 1.6 The Theory of Photoemission
_=Z,E.EN 1.6.1 Core-Level Photoemission
JJ}0gZ 1.6.2 Valence-State Photoemission
<>s`\ % 1.6.3 Three-Step and One-Step Considerations
4zev^FR 1.7 Deviations from the Simple Theory of Photoemission
P7nc7a References
Szq/hv=Q s \;" X 2. Core Levels and Final States
4wa`<H&S5 2.1 Core-Level Binding Energies in Atoms and Molecules
yj;sSRT 2.1.1 The Equivalent-Core Approximation
=vQcYa 2.1.2 Chemical Shifts
!MYSfPdS 2.2 Core-Level Binding Energies in Solids
cC=[Saatsf 2.2.1 The Born-Haber Cycle in Insulators
6x h:/j3 2.2.2 Theory of Binding Energies
kbTm^y" 2.2.3 Determination of Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts from Thermodynamic Data
-fwoTGlX 2.3 Core Polarization
96 q_K84K 2.4 Final-State Multiplets in Rare-Earth Valence Bands
{1V($aBl 2.5 Vibrational Side Bands
?t/~lv 2.6 Core Levels of Adsorbed Molecules
R:e<W/P" 2.7 Quantitative Chemical Analysis from Core-Level Intensities
'(f&P=[b References
#MX'^RZ>2 5R'TcWf#W 3. Charge-Excitation Final States: Satellites
(i34sqV$m 3.1 Copper Dihalides; 3d Transition Metal Compounds
A+::O@_s 3.1.1 Characterization of a Satellite
u
[m 3.1.2 Analysis of Charge-Transfer Satellites
y4*U6+ #. 3.1.3 Non-local Screening
N^HUijw< 3.2 The 6-eV Satellite in Nickel
J7= + 3.2.1 Resonance Photoemission
Ss~;m']68 3.2.2 Satellites in Other Metals
QrB@cK] 3.3 The Gunnarsson-Sch6nhammer Theory
y4t7`-,~ 3.4 Photoemission Signals and Narrow Bands in Metals
@hJ%@( References
mL{B!Q 8P^ITL z% 4. Continuous Satellites and Plasmon Satellites: XPS Photoemission in Nearly Free Electron Systems
c(:f\Wc3Z 4.1 Theory
q*\x0"mS/ 4.1.1 General
U}6.h&$ 4.1.2 Core-Line Shape
8TGOx%}i 4.1.3 Intrinsic Plasmons
-BRc8 / 4.1.4 Fxtrinsic FAectron Scattering: Plasmons and Background
oFy=-p+C 4.1.5 The Total Photoelectron Spectrum
(g[h
8
c 4.2 Experimental Results
MHh~vy'HB5 4.2.1 The Core Line Without Plasmons
fBRo_CU8! 4.2.2 Core-Level Spectra Including Plasmoas
CK,7^U 4.2.3 Valence-Band Spectra of the Simple Metals
9z}uc@#D=m 4.2.4 Simple Metals: A General Comment
zo +nq%= 4.3 The Background Correction
q}~3C1 References
JRSSn] pw cxA ^:3 5. Valence Orbitals in Simple Molecules and Insulating Solids
V.O(S\ 5.1 UPS Spectra of Monatomic Gases
.q
`Hjmg< 5.2 Photoelectron Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
b4E:Wn9x 5.3 Binding Energy of the H2 Molecule
3&u&x( 5.4 Hydrides Isoelectronic with Noble Gases
tE@;X= Neon (Ne)
~i~7na| Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
:bz}c48% Water (H2O)
e?7&M Ammonia (NH3)
P%{^ i] Methane (CH4)
y.WEj?EL 5.5 Spectra of the Alkali HMides
NWM8[dI 5.6 Transition Metal Dihalides
k.uMp<)D 5.7 Hydrocarbons
cWi}V 5.7.1 Guidelines for the Interpretation of Spectra from Free Molecules
K[ (NTp$E 5.7.2 Linear Polymers
)z&/_E= 5.8 Insulating Solids with Valence d Electrons
2] zq#6ix 5.8.1 The NiO Problem
=R #Qx, 5.8.2 Mort Insulation
ep2k%?CX 1 5.8.3 The Metal-Insulator Transition;the Ratio of the Correlation Energy and the Bandwidth;Doping
<_3b1VhZ 5.8.4Band Structures of Transition Metal Compounds
fb{``,nO 5.9 High—Temperature Superconductors
y^%n'h{ 5.9.1valence-Band Electronic Structure;Polycrystalline Samples
W#KpPDgZE 5.9.2 Dispersion Relations in High Temperature Superconductors;Single Crystals
*^f<W6xc 5.9.3 The Superconducting Gap
P"W2(d 5.9.4 Symmetry of the Order Parameter in the High-Temperature SuDerconductors
g=QDu7Ux 5.9.5 Core—Level Shifts
7g%E`3)" 5.10 The Fermi Liquid and the Luttinger Liquid
^:#D0[ 5.11 Adsorbed Molecules
.Nw=[ 5.11.1 Outline
}oL'8-y 5.11.2 CO on Metal Surfaces
tS|(K=$
References
zx-81fx+k 4<% *E{` 6.Photoemission of Valence Electrons froill Metallic Solids in the OHe-Electron Approximation
QlJ)F{R8il 6.1 Theory of Photoemission:A Summary of the Three-Step Model
K Pt5=a 6.2 Discussion of the Photocurrent
sC='_h 6.2.1 Kinematics of Internal Photoemission in a Polycrystalline Sample
AQ_|: 6.2.2 Primary and Secondary Cones in the Photoemission from a Real Solid
~nrK>% 6.2.3 Angle-Integrated and Angle-Resolved Data Collection
w,h`s.AN 6.3 Photoemission from the Semi—infinite Crystal:The Inverse LEED Formalism
kdl:Wt*4o 6.3.1 Band Structure Regime
hS)'a^FV 6.3.2 XPS Regime
DV _2P$tT| 6.3.3 Surface Emission
+xrr?g 6.3.4 One-Step Calculations
#7MUJY+
9 6.4 Thermal Effects
8Le||)y,\ 6.5 Dipole Selection Rules for Direct Optical Transitions
CaL\fZ References
~y/
nlb! gLy&esJl1 7.Band Structtire and Angular-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra
R:#k%}W 7.1 Free-Electron Final—State Model
EJsM(iG]~M 7.2 Methods Employing Calculated Band Structures
|h;0H` 7.3 Methods for the Absolute Determination of the Crystal Momentum
~g5[$r-u-u 7.3.1 Triangulation or Energy Coincidence Method
^~3SSLS4" 7.3.2 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of External Emission Angle at Fixed Photon Frequency (Disappearance/Appearance Angle Method
I~ok4L?VB 7.3.3 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of Photon Energy at Fixed Emission Angle (Symmetry Method)
*T5!{ 7.3.4 The Surface Emission Method and Electron Damping
mT.u0KUIy 7.3.5 The Very-Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Method
ApAO/q 7.3.6 The Fermi Surface Method
4scNSeW 7.3.7 Intensities and Their Use in Band-Structure Determinations
>[_f3;P 7.3.8 Summary
\3pc"^W 7.4 Experimental Band Structures
FQqI<6; 7.4.1 One- and Two-Dimensional Systems
go'-5in( 7.4.2 Three-Dimensional Solids: Metals and Semiconductors
Zo g']= 7..4.3UPS Band Structures and XPS Density of States
)pq;*~IBI 7.5 A Comment
T[j#M+p References
MP!d4 vSi.txV2 8.Surface States, Surface Effects
Q$="_y2cTA 8.1 Theoretical Considerations
QNpqdwu%h 8.2 Experimental Results on Surface States
:TJv=T'p' 8.3 Quantum-Well States
B2C$N0R# 8.4 Surface Core-Level Shifts
=Ur}~w&H8 References
r\/9X}y4z `/EGyN6X 9.Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
+f@U6Vv 9.1 Surface States
,u`B<heoLU 9.2 Bulk Band Structures
z@B=:tf 9.3 Adsorbed Molecules
I?ae\X@M References
|j#C|V%kV F.w5S!5Q 10. Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
ha(Z< 10.1 General Description
]
:BX!< 10.2 Examples of Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
@I_8T$N= 10.3 Magnetic Dichroism
6~1|qEe6I References
<gJU?$ D"ND+*Q[X 11. Photoelectron Diffraction
7z!tKs"TMT 11.1 Examples
j^^Ap 11.2 Substrate Photoelectron Diffraction
S"OR% 11.3 Adsorbate Photoelectron Diffraction
l}]t~!X= 11.4 Fermi Surface Scans
}>VG~u8 References
[^U#Qj)hL 763v Appendix
gG-BVl"59 A.1 Table of Binding Energies
Z; A`oKd A.2 Surface and Bulk Brillouin Zones of the Three Low-Index Faces of a Face—Centered Cubic(fcc)Crystal Face
.pN`;*7` A.3 Compilation of Work Functions
n~A%q,DmF References
?q;Fp Index