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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 !'H$08Ql}  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 c*rH^Nz  
    t8-P'3,Q$  
    模型 s|WwB T  
    R ABw( b  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ]L~NYe9  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. wj6u,+  
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    光源 zjA]Tr  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ~yJ2@2I  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 !hq2AY&H)  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Kkp dcc  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 > T *`Y0P  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 dJgLS^1E  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 3A`Gx#  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 Wa|V~PL+T  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 l$/pp  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Wu{=QjgY  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 JVu j u$k  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 &MSU<S?1  
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    分析 H<Sf0>OA  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 M,fL(b;2  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 |@AXW   
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. OPNRBMD  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 1*8;)#%&  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 4SI~y;c)  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <(KCiM=E$  
    Dim A As Double 5 e+j51  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double :gV~L3YW5  
    Dim eID As Long >T[/V3Z~K  
    Dim parID As Long itzUq,T  
    Dim count As Integer (%fQhQ  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ~Y/A]N86,  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double geR :FO;\  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double fi HE`]0  
    Dim ok As Long ;}+M2Ec51  
    ,LA'^I?  
    Sub Main (C. $w  
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        '用户输入对话框 2G~{x7/[@  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 w80X~  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 LWM<[8wJ4  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 9;L4\  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 mEJ7e#  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 XKTDBaON  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Leb Kzqe  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 BsFO]F5mmX  
        End Dialog dCoP qKy  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ?1ey$SSU]  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 4<($ZN8  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Sl8+A+  
            Print "Execution cancelled." @m5J%8>k  
            End <~dfp  
        End If +DRt2a #  
    fJ/INL   
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty [k$GUU,jY  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then %:~Ah6R1  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation gg`{kN^r.a  
        Else rpiuFst  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 4dbX!0u1l  
        End If 0G8@UJv6  
    *B3f ry  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0hoMf=bb$  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter US)i"l7:H*  
        Else k\O<pG[U  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) M1eh4IVE?  
        End If ) ' xyK  
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        Print " " ug]2wftlQ  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" -dovk?'Gj  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" LhAN( [  
    a>vxox) %  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation IER;d\_V<  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 2@MpWj4  
    Y A,. C4=s  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens #MY oy7=  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 1?QVt fwY  
    l0G{{R 0Y  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens yr+QV:oVA  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens )s>|;K{  
    6|p8_[e`  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness }$<v  
    WblH}  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction N_ ODr]L  
    Vl$RMW@Ds  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 3DO*kM1s@  
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        '************************************************************************* j?C[ids<  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Q.$/I+&j  
        '************************************************************************* 7a_8007$l  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) C)m@/w  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 06HU6d ,  
    Uhvy 2}w  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) y3( ~8n  
    p*W{*wZ_^  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z !QdX+y<re  
        count = 0 \GHj_r  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count n=b!c@f4  
            GetOperation eID, count, op x(>XM:|  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then B[mZQ&Gz`a  
                DeleteOperation eID,count CHS}tCfos>  
                count=count-1 ~Q"qz<WO  
            End If rui 8x4c  
            count=count+1 EiD41N  
        Wend ipu~T)}  
    I[A<e]uK  
        'Set new shift in !JdZ0l  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" V9ZM4.,OCN  
        op.val1 = taq lrPIXIM  
        op.parent = parID q !}~c  
        AddOperation eID, op L|{vkkBo  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 X%I@4 B7Ts  
    !*DY dqQ/  
        '************************************************************************* w:I!{iX  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -A L^  
        '************************************************************************* %a8e_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 7lYf+&JZ  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic  {y{O ze  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant LTx,oa:ma  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant A~{vja0?  
    Z[ !kEW  
        '************************************************************************* e2%mD.I  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens I7h v'3u  
        '************************************************************************* L8E4|F}  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @(6P L^I  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic p1GP@m,^n0  
    >t9DI  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost uu-M7>+  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost >BJBM |  
    KWYjN h#*  
        '************************************************************************* /^K-tz-R  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 0T@axQ[%  
        '************************************************************************* SPe%9J+  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) `o{_+Li9  
    E i2M~/  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 6*1f -IbV  
        count = 0 ( ?e Et&  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,<7HLV  
            GetOperation eID, count, op #xR=U"  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @G>e Cj  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 5%K|dYv^^  
                count=count-1 d=\TC'd"{  
            End If $BLd>gTzmv  
            count=count+1 I(3YXv VN  
        Wend 7#&Q-3\:  
    mq}uq9<  
        'Set new z-shift DoBQ$Ke p  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1TzwXX7  
        op.val1 = tlens ^\S~rW.3_  
        op.parent = parID Vv`94aQTD  
        AddOperation eID, op av'[k<  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens -:!Wds  
    ~USyN'5lU7  
        '************************************************************************* ^IvQdVB  
        'Lens index of refraction W}k/>V_  
        '************************************************************************* RP 6<#tq,  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) !u:;Ew  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat EpT^r8I  
    'aeuL1mz  
        mat.Nd = nlens b'4}=Xpn  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ;i [;%  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 7uu\R=$  
    2H] 7=j  
        '************************************************************************* ,l,q;]C%  
        'Pupil diameter EKuLt*a/  
        '************************************************************************* VV[Fb9W ;  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) AnE] kq u  
    roi,?B_8  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6#:V3 ;  
    t3v_o4`&  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" q&:%/?)x  
    ,t*H: *  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "ChJR[4@  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) d&ff1(j(  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) pI_:3D xe  
        count = 0 pOB<Bx5t  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  e?o/H  
            GetOperation eID, count, op &- My[t  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }:s.m8LC5n  
                DeleteOperation eID,count s|[qq7  
                count=count-1 ^FTS'/Q  
            End If VTX6_&Hc1g  
            count=count+1 *k?y+}E_f  
        Wend kf95)iLo  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" #7YJ87<E  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 # x X  
        op.parent = parID c:B` <  
        AddOperation eID, op M D& 7k,!  
    wq8&2(|Fc  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam JZ> (h  
    aM_O0Rn==  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 9@nd>B  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {=,I>w]T|W  
        GetEntity eID, entity l&Y'5k_R  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" vr6YE;Rs  
        SetEntity eID, entity r&F 6ZCw  
    9.9B#?  
        Update :/"5x  
        Print "DONE!" ^nFP#J)_5  
         0<f.r~  
    End Sub (bB"6 #TI  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: i{Du6j^j  
    ,.|/B^jV  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters rz%^l1@-  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm :FmH=pI!=  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 6 =G=4{q  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Z@>kqJ%  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Y%}N@ ,lT  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 cT;Zz5  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 x2OAkkH\]i  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 rrphOG  
    DONE! Qf'g2 \  
     
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