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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 3ry0.  
    XE*#5u8t  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 zDA;FKZPp  
    WAh{*$Rpl  
    模型 fTA%HsvU:  
    uTUkRqtD!  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ).>O6A4:C  
    80O[pf*?  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    km!jxs  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. R&s\h"=*  
    9xUAfU  
    光源 p< jM%fbZk  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 / CVhvK  
    09rbu\h  
    &r !*Y&  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    Zo36jSrCL  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 "zBYhZr  
    w#`E;fN'  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 3 +$~l5LY  
    WJ$!W  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 \*$''`b)j  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 wloQk(T<W  
    &p#.m"Oon  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 V@Fj!/  
    Q+'QJ7fw'|  
    6N'v`p8  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 k9?fE  
    F2RU7o'f.  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    $17utJ 58  
    脚本 sKI{AHJ?X  
    p+ bT{:  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: -*Z;EA-  
    ril4*$e7^\  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    d@-bt s&3  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 d'Z  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Ks@  
    ?4,e?S6,[  
    分析 qkN{l88  
    *^q%b /f  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 }?jL;CCe  
    ~4fjFo&_\  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    EpCsJ08K  
    脚本代码 J2W:Q  
    B&E qd  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ]N+(SU  
    E/</  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY `w J^   
    Dim op As T_OPERATION jKI0d+U  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Z;bg;@r|  
    Dim A As Double pIy+3&\e;  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Hki  
    Dim eID As Long fH/J8<  
    Dim parID As Long ')Drv)L  
    Dim count As Integer tz&oe  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double |lOH PA  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double #sK:q&/G`  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double L`Lro:E?kL  
    Dim ok As Long ,dM}B-  
    .6m%/-whS  
    Sub Main D`2c61jyc  
    pPNU0]/  
        '用户输入对话框 ivKhzU+  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 `$*cW1  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 wua`e <"  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 CnT]u U  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 K(+ ~#$|-~  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Ne)H*DT  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Jf-4Q!  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 6 ZutU ~HS  
        End Dialog G:HPd.ay  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog GoK[tjb  
    y()7m/  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) <lj;}@qQ<  
    "[[9i  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed A3VXh^y+  
            Print "Execution cancelled." Hvto]~=GQ  
            End 1/O7K R`K  
        End If 2aef[TY  
    gi|j ! m  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty brk>oM;t  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then MY]Z@  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation mlsM;A d2  
        Else |]tIE{d  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) %. =B=*  
        End If ~@=*JzP?  
    biy1!r  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 9U[ A   
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /~?'zr  
        Else {=5Wi|  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w^e5"og]  
        End If lLq:(zMH  
    H B}!Lf#*P  
        Print " " " Zo<$p3]  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 3]=j!_yJf  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Oq-O|qJj  
    i$GL]0  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation &R? \q*  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness /0PBY-O  
    %|&WcpQR  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 1$&(ei]*:  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens [YbnpI  
    R/&Ev$:  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens noali96J  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens yMdE[/+3  
    73b(A|kQ@  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness +K6j p  
    eI%{/>  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction I\%a<  
    `1AVw] k  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ~J :cod  
    I{e[Y_  
        '************************************************************************* Pz+2(Z  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ws!pp\F  
        '************************************************************************* fwe4f  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) pX5#!)  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ^lB=O  
    UcZ20inj0  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (#uz_/xXa  
    h!k[]bt5  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z E}7@?o7u}  
        count = 0 |@6t"P]@  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count cPFs K*w  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 7Nu.2qE  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5G >{*K/  
                DeleteOperation eID,count g4Y1*`}2f  
                count=count-1 nY]5pOF:  
            End If ~F gxhK2+  
            count=count+1 d) i:-#Q  
        Wend #qx$ p  
    zEHX:-f8  
        'Set new shift in fD^$ y 8  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" [;?CO<  
        op.val1 = taq zSJSus  
        op.parent = parID ,~ z*V;y)  
        AddOperation eID, op  I&m C  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 } D'pyTf[  
    Y@jO#6R  
        '************************************************************************* ~Ox !7Lp  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens "s$$M\)T  
        '************************************************************************* n(#|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 3FD6.X>x  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic r |H 1Yy  
    fJiY~mQ  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant HLlp+;CF><  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `>i8$q%  
    e7n[NVrX  
        '************************************************************************* t<F*ODn  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ZOAHM1ci  
        '************************************************************************* DlMT<ld  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) `RF0%Vm~t  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ?M<q95pL  
    >}"9heF  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost W(gOid KKz  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost yi29+T7j4S  
    {*BZ;Xh\8  
        '************************************************************************* 8M<\?JD~_f  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) |~+i=y  
        '************************************************************************* R [qfG! "  
    uK6'TJ  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 43'!<[?x  
    Z9)-kRQz=r  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) K*QRi/O  
        count = 0  V6L0\  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count NFs Cq_f  
            GetOperation eID, count, op L?Fb}  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then D&dh>Pe1;  
                DeleteOperation eID,count (XU( e  
                count=count-1 rk E;OU  
            End If dvW2X  
            count=count+1 VUneCt%  
        Wend Pg''>6w>  
     X_\$hF  
        'Set new z-shift ` P,-NVB  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3Fgl zJ  
        op.val1 = tlens kMz*10$gn  
        op.parent = parID 2]UwIxzR  
        AddOperation eID, op _k|k$qxE  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens t+l{D#?a  
    )wM881_!  
        '************************************************************************* O{<uW-  
        'Lens index of refraction RSTA!?K/.  
        '************************************************************************* >53Hqzm&  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) fi tsu"G  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat  d5YL=o  
    9<|nJt  
        mat.Nd = nlens -T8'|"g  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat N hY`_?)  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens HOr.(gL!  
    <1pRAN0  
        '************************************************************************* =^5#o)~BB  
        'Pupil diameter v[b|J7k  
        '************************************************************************* j9 d^8)O,  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) DUMC4+i  
    KKRj#m(:!  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) z=j,-d%9  
    @TraEBJGL  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ww5UQs2sn  
    3P|z`}Ka  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ] :.  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ']:>Ww.S  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Ywo=w:'  
        count = 0 !CUy{nV  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $lAQcG&Q  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 0 /)OAw"m  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -\[&<o@/D  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 2~ y<l  
                count=count-1 "+Kp8n6  
            End If [NU@A>H  
            count=count+1 7csMk5NU'<  
        Wend  5?34<B  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" %%{f-\-7Ig  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 A5IW[Gu!  
        op.parent = parID \ ^3cNw  
        AddOperation eID, op Vwpy/5Hmp  
    [+wLy3_  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ,KaO8^PB  
    7Ml OBPh  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 5,#aN}v#?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) b ~C^cM  
        GetEntity eID, entity N+zR7`AG8  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" G\B:iyKl  
        SetEntity eID, entity ehV}}1>O  
    G4,.kK  
        Update n%d7`?tm4  
        Print "DONE!" S^7u`-  
         THcX.%ToT  
    End Sub  , D}  
    r:Ok z  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: <y<   
    jJK@i\bU_  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters V5!mV_EoR@  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm -cB>; f)5r  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 >@.:9}Z  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 =p \eh?^  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Gxw>.O){  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 uC5W1LyI  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 nyx(0  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ,h },jkY4  
    DONE! T5+ (Fz  
     
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