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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 {[tx^b  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 QP={b+8  
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    模型 47 |&(,{  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 0'nY  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. =L F9im  
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    光源 iO2%$Jw9\  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 "<^]d~a_  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 kM o7mkV  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 TQiDbgFo  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 fd&=\~1_$  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 c.JMeh  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 c_+y~X)i  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 N8K @ch3=P  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 .C7;T'>!  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: #fTPo:*t  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 { kF"<W  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 A\S1{JrR  
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    分析 /N?vVp  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 I,0Z* rw  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 QZ:xG:qyk;  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 8/16<yZ  
    !v`C-1}70  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Wgr`)D  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION Mq [|w2.  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n"P29"  
    Dim A As Double ujMics(  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double F')fi0=  
    Dim eID As Long g-cC&)0Q  
    Dim parID As Long Ag#o&Y  
    Dim count As Integer 8ta`sNy9  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double /H m), 9NN  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double |4tnG&=  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 1E'/!|  
    Dim ok As Long 3Q-[)Z )  
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    Sub Main <Z6tRf;B  
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        '用户输入对话框 ?*ni5\y5o  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 {#Vck\&  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 fvUD'sx  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 =Lyo]8>,X  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Uq8=R)1<|d  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 !o k6*m  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 @uaf&my,P  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 1FO T  
        End Dialog J|D$  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog [Q+qu>&HB7  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) QxjX:O  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed `AO<r  
            Print "Execution cancelled." :1O1I2L0  
            End )f6:{ma  
        End If BL&D|e  
    |y*-)t  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty xQetAYP`  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 6uAo0+-k  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 0D*uZ,oBEw  
        Else Qn*a#]p  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) '\iWp?`$  
        End If $)fybn Y  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then +[sZE X  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 5r$ X  
        Else C<?Huw4R0  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) +-B`Fya  
        End If ERE1XOe=D  
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        Print " " O73 /2=1V  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" xq2 ,S  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm"  / hl:p  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation }uTe(Rf  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness jr9/  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens rkW2_UTZE  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens q Pc"A!-i  
    4&+;n[D  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens aB(6yBBoxj  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens f#W5Nu'*!  
    ~ }<!ON;  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness h]#wwJF  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction J"x M[c2  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation C98 Ks  
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        '************************************************************************* >9S@:?^&q>  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ^:0e pj7  
        '************************************************************************* UBUZ}ZIbN  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (v\Cv)OS  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity w;;.bz m  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r=" wd  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 4}~zVT0'~  
        count = 0 l1|z; $_z  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count r] +V:l3  
            GetOperation eID, count, op )7e[o8O_6  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then DJtKLG0  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ml|[x M8  
                count=count-1 95,{40;X7  
            End If -1Luyuy/`  
            count=count+1 \gh`P S-B  
        Wend {&'u1yR  
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        'Set new shift in NC*h7  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" =Of!1TR(  
        op.val1 = taq cNW [i"  
        op.parent = parID 0aMw  
        AddOperation eID, op Ba$Ibq,r/  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 GHMoT  
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        '************************************************************************* (]|rxmycA  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 0Wf,SYx`s  
        '************************************************************************* T5eXcI0t  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) >qJRpO  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic {=AK  |  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant o,!r t1&0  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant X5'QYZ6kv  
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        '************************************************************************* V}#2pP  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens R~,*W1G6sF  
        '************************************************************************* UQwLAXs  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ^AWM/aY  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic W*q[f!@  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ELp @/c=Wr  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost $vS`w4Y  
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        '************************************************************************* =o5ZcC  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) .)W'{2J-  
        '************************************************************************* "+js7U-  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 1;p'2-x  
    Z2Bl$ \  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) qA<PF+f  
        count = 0 "WTnC0<  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count G)b6Rit  
            GetOperation eID, count, op q%=`PCty  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then UW+|1Bj_:  
                DeleteOperation eID,count T jO}P\p  
                count=count-1 %3ecV$  
            End If C3af>L@}  
            count=count+1 1"r6qYN!>  
        Wend c <[?Z7y  
    sKhX0,s&  
        'Set new z-shift fbKL31PI  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" &|7pu=  
        op.val1 = tlens 3QDz0ct  
        op.parent = parID 8>Hnv]p  
        AddOperation eID, op uE~? 2G  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens !<3(+H  
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        '************************************************************************* 317Lv \[  
        'Lens index of refraction uh UC m  
        '************************************************************************* j_E$C.XU{g  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) |1G/J[E  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 7WG"_A~V  
    ~A+D H  
        mat.Nd = nlens x68$?CD  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat qZlb?b"  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Z 4uft  
    B98&JoS  
        '************************************************************************* &ZgB b  
        'Pupil diameter <qs>c<Vj  
        '************************************************************************* ~xqRCf{8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 5V\\w~&/  
    Z |uII#lq  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) '{j.5~4y  
    w{3 B  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" IiV:bHUE}0  
    *p{wC r  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens D}l^ow  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |s :b9sfA  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 5QU7!jb I  
        count = 0 Wa%Zt*7  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [1@ -F+  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Q_'3}:4  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [^B04x@  
                DeleteOperation eID,count &Ib8xwb:  
                count=count-1 f{[U->#^  
            End If iCCY222:  
            count=count+1 ~WK>+T,%  
        Wend QT/TZ:  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" $[iSZ;  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 =CEQYk-y1  
        op.parent = parID =h^cfyj  
        AddOperation eID, op 3Xaw  
    |l(rR06#.]  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam LD5n_W  
    mXT{)pU  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description =jjUwcl  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dL'hC#!h  
        GetEntity eID, entity 't \:@-tQ  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" wxpE5v+f|  
        SetEntity eID, entity stz1e dP  
    ,JyE7h2%i  
        Update ?y!0QAIXK  
        Print "DONE!" j8?z@iG  
         %B` MO-  
    End Sub Y[9x\6 _E  
    RG-pN()  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: DoAK]zyJA  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters &yv%"BPV  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ,/{mRw%  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 "| V{@)!t  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 g4 _DEBh  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 vr2tIKvpn  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 %>}6>nT#  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 oqHI`Tu  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 hN$6Kx>{  
    DONE! 9*2A}dH  
     
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