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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 m4K* <  
    ;:S&F  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 pN6%&@) =  
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    模型 Gz I~TWc+G  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 CDj~;$[B  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. {n3EGSP#  
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    光源 *F ^wtH`  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Uk*IpP`  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 [,EpN{l  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 F~#zxwd  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 !  hd</_#  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 (;x3} ]  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 #v#<itfFH  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 B0$:b !  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 8*SDiZ  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Q'l^9Bz  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 v$~QCtc  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 HD,xY4q&N  
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    分析 [P zv4+  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 (@X~VACT  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 &*G<a3 Q  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ^2d!*W|  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY ,y4I[[  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION /-zXM;h  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =4uSFK_L  
    Dim A As Double Y3kA?p0  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double <9ig?{'  
    Dim eID As Long I{JU-J k|  
    Dim parID As Long eD$M<Eu  
    Dim count As Integer )m6M9eC  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double MUOa@O,  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ')a(.f  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double g71[6<D  
    Dim ok As Long kP#e((f,  
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    Sub Main NC&DFJo  
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        '用户输入对话框 MRU7W4W-~/  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 r|4t aV&  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 4tg<iH{  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 fA'qd.{f^  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 8eA+d5k\.  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 tg^sCxz9]  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 _X ~87  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 T0)4v-EO  
        End Dialog 4'W'}o|{  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ys_`e  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) t+oJV+@  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed N@B9 @8h  
            Print "Execution cancelled." imQUR C  
            End (E,T#uc{  
        End If R+g z<H.Q  
    B?VhIP e  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty dEBcfya  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then oJ#,XMKga  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation |t$Ma'P  
        Else m*e{\)rd#  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) hdTzCfeZ5@  
        End If cj11S>D  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 5s(1[(  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ;lYHQQd!,  
        Else u!1{Vt87  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) `3p~m,  
        End If >u9Nz0?j  
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        Print " " oyo(1 >  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" );-~j  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" .`?@%{  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 1;<R#>&,*  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 8enEA^  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens s+tGFjq  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens HR}bbsqxVf  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens OR[{PU=X  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens VK@!lJ u!  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness vq34/c^  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction )8g(:`w  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation !ct4;.2 D  
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        '************************************************************************* `({T]@]V  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) a&vY!vx 3  
        '************************************************************************* XrZ*1V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) H#ClIh?'b  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity kQ]$%Lk[  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) A_KW(;50  
    I}R0q  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z I!^O)4QRx  
        count = 0 3G kv4,w<  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count b+Br=Fv"T  
            GetOperation eID, count, op qW b+r  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Agrk|wPK  
                DeleteOperation eID,count *2jK#9"MP  
                count=count-1 w6j/ Dq!  
            End If $MJm*6h  
            count=count+1 $ `7^+8vHV  
        Wend sJNFFOz  
    {z|;Xi::"  
        'Set new shift in O$cHZs$  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" $ tl\UH7%2  
        op.val1 = taq L@fY$Rw  
        op.parent = parID XVU2T5s}  
        AddOperation eID, op <_Q1k>  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 IsR!'%Pu  
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        '************************************************************************* K #.  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 7%sdtunf`  
        '************************************************************************* J`2"KzR0w"  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) bJD;>"*  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 8g7<KKw  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant @e{^`\l=<  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant NF? vg/{  
    O+ICol  
        '************************************************************************* yq$,,#XDD=  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens fum0>tff  
        '************************************************************************* Sf8{h|71  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) <m'ow  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic b5^OQH{v  
    ?R$&Xe!5  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost TjG4`:*y#m  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Fgh]KQ/5  
    :<|<|qJWo  
        '************************************************************************* 1x,tu}<u^  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) h\'n**f_x  
        '************************************************************************* SCTA=l.  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) L31|\x]  
    D$x_o!JT  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) zLJ/5&  
        count = 0 Z:_D0jG  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 'g{9@PkGn  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ^I+)o1%F  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }[xs~! 2F  
                DeleteOperation eID,count /:FOPPs  
                count=count-1 znHnVYll(  
            End If QMZ)-ty"  
            count=count+1 *<!oHEwkN  
        Wend @62Mk},9 c  
    '{B!6|"X  
        'Set new z-shift wKsT7c'  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5>TK^1 :  
        op.val1 = tlens =xS+5(  
        op.parent = parID Rx+p.  
        AddOperation eID, op t N2Md}@e  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens x|5k<CiA  
    ;{[.Zu  
        '************************************************************************* p*P)KP  
        'Lens index of refraction 3=L.uXVb  
        '************************************************************************* p"U, G -_  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) mbueP.q[?  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 71{p+3Z&  
    M^]cM(swK5  
        mat.Nd = nlens *H|M;G  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat T|TO}_x  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens PV=5UyjW  
    )=etG  
        '************************************************************************* j.@\3'  
        'Pupil diameter lMbAs.!  
        '************************************************************************* f^.AD-  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ::/j$bL  
    k Zq!&  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) :*2ud(  
    @W9x$  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Ho *AAg  
    h?azFA~  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens FJ6u.u  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Ny%(VI5:  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) aVd,xl  
        count = 0 _:"<[ >9  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v@d  
            GetOperation eID, count, op aT$9;  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0p\@!Z H  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ` 5C~  
                count=count-1 Ck|8qUz-  
            End If $ <#KA3o\  
            count=count+1 qhz]Wm P   
        Wend >cCR2j,r  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" KkE9KwZ]W  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ' >rw(3  
        op.parent = parID X.e7A/ClEo  
        AddOperation eID, op xcf%KXJf6  
    n .RhxgC<  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam k'5?M  
    ~Wa6J4B{K  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description hHMN6i  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) sK5r$Dbr  
        GetEntity eID, entity Q(oN/y3,  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" K]9"_UnN  
        SetEntity eID, entity |Xk4&sDrK  
    }-6)gWe  
        Update 9amaL~m  
        Print "DONE!" \0f{S40  
         TTTPxO,  
    End Sub dp*u9z~NA  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: /Dj=iBO  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters HI11Jl}{  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm `p;I}  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 m-*hygkcDu  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 wGP;Vbk  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 b8LLr;oQw  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 vTx2E6  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 EG=Sl~~o  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 )(384@'"u  
    DONE! +lMX{es\O  
     
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