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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 vtVc^j4  
    n:wZL&ZV0  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 csay\Q{  
    11 >K\"K}  
    模型 h\i>4^]X.  
    N/&t) 7  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ESAFsJ$r;  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. WMLsKoby  
    O}IRM|r"  
    光源 m'i^BE  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 b)Px  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 <..|:0Q&~  
    (G 3S+T 9  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 !DUC#)F  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ;,yjkD[mWE  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 .j)f'<;%  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ]FLi^}ct  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 xi =\]  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 Cg! ]x o  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: n rpxZA  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 >$yqx1=jW  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 n(MVm-H  
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    分析 d;$<K  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 NdW2OUxw"  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 ]8qFxJ+2^  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. }RvP*i  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 8JU9Qb]L'I  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION [;F%6MPK^  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL z[I3k  
    Dim A As Double kq SpZoV0'  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double AMhHq/Dw  
    Dim eID As Long nKzS2 u=:Y  
    Dim parID As Long f;nO$h[Qb  
    Dim count As Integer yR Zb_Mq9U  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double f2JeXsOI  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double |Ts|>"F'  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double vThK@P!s  
    Dim ok As Long QD}'2{M!  
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    Sub Main 4[ 7) $  
    'w8k*@cQ  
        '用户输入对话框 [a<u cJ  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 #xMl<  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 SGd[cA Ko  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 NRM=0-16u$  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 8 pQx6QE  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 /7nircXj@  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 2k}" 52  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 |Mj2lZS  
        End Dialog NT^m.o~4  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 7ktSj}7W]  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) _dgS@n;6  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed p6MjVu  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 5u<F0$qHc  
            End t4RI%m\  
        End If H}R/_5g  
    ^Lx(if WJ  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty `FjU2 O  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then k_E Jg;(  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation {xFgPtCM  
        Else yZ_6yJw3}  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) `Dck$  
        End If )<?^~"h  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then U.fL uKt  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter _</>`P[  
        Else :6 , `M,  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ; S(KJV  
        End If *Vbf ;=Mb  
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        Print " " A)2eo<ij4  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ,G q?  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 0^H"eQO  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation (;9-8Y&_d  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness LFzL{rny!U  
    Yq6e=?-  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens  b6`_;Z  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens gQ < >S  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens !O`aaLc  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;;^OKrzWW  
    8=GgTpO5  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Io|3zE*<  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ~rUcko8  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation /IO<TF(X  
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        '************************************************************************* #~_ZG% u  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) GOKca%DT=  
        '************************************************************************* `X["Bgk$!T  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) c Y C@@?  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity m-< "`:+  
    ;?{N=x8  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) oMb&a0-7u  
    ]4uY<9VL  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 8|z@"b l)  
        count = 0 TFQX}kr]  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8_d>=*(  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ^&!S nM  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ajy +%sXf=  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 4x2 ;@Pd  
                count=count-1 S'h{["P~ 0  
            End If Vr<eU>W  
            count=count+1 r1jsw j%7  
        Wend z]twh&^1L  
    wNfWHaH" m  
        'Set new shift in 69/br @j%`  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5DI&pR1eZ  
        op.val1 = taq _^k9!V jo  
        op.parent = parID l_ES $%d  
        AddOperation eID, op g'%^-S ]  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 i$z).S?1  
    (}4]U=/nV  
        '************************************************************************* pX/42W  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens |z+K]R8_  
        '************************************************************************* ~+~^c|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) zrazbHI  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic j><8V Qx  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant x1O]@Z{d\  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Zv"qA  
    .H33C@  
        '************************************************************************* e8Y;~OAj[  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 3G.-JLhs  
        '************************************************************************* zm&?G  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Mb1K:U  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic PCcI(b>?l  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ju8DmC5  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost >T)#KQ1t  
    0sR+@\  
        '************************************************************************* FQgc\-8tm  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) :~ ; 48m  
        '************************************************************************* y.6Yl**l  
    w(EUe4 w{  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) UWPzRk#s"  
    !D!1%@ e  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) g{U?Y"  
        count = 0 /hC'-6:]^  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ? kBX:(g  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 'ZXd |WI  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ltrw)H}  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ^rX5C2}G\D  
                count=count-1 q Q/<\6Sl  
            End If .zQ'}H1.C  
            count=count+1 b;~?a#Z}  
        Wend l.Yq4qW  
    lI&5.,2MP  
        'Set new z-shift U'Mxf'q  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" @@QB,VS;{<  
        op.val1 = tlens upc-Qvk  
        op.parent = parID Vgg' 5o&.  
        AddOperation eID, op 4*Y`Pn@  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens X[;-SXq  
    i9O;D*  
        '************************************************************************* KrzIL[;2o  
        'Lens index of refraction D3 .$Vl,.  
        '************************************************************************* '#ow 9w+^  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ys DGF@wZC  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat pLtAusx  
    }n;.E&<[  
        mat.Nd = nlens Y2&hf6BE  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat p8bAz  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens BHrNDpv  
    }48 o{\  
        '************************************************************************* ig}H7U2q@  
        'Pupil diameter rIRkXO)  
        '************************************************************************* g5>c-i  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) L8.u7(-#  
    CeD(!1V G  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) #P/}'rdt  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" !`S61~gE  
    [qHtN.  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens CWx_9b zk  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (! "+\KY  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) u7G9 eN  
        count = 0 *;!p#qL  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count sNbCOTow  
            GetOperation eID, count, op y-R:-K XH=  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !`qw" i  
                DeleteOperation eID,count K!A;C#b!  
                count=count-1  &C&?kS(  
            End If ,Z aPY  
            count=count+1 ;: 4PT~\*  
        Wend hY}.2  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" &:}}T=@M1  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01  97-=Vb  
        op.parent = parID ^^ +vt8|  
        AddOperation eID, op c8}jO=/5+  
    *R8qnvE\()  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam :(Uz`k7   
    dePI&z:  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description .N~YVul[a*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /}&@1  
        GetEntity eID, entity AiOz1Er  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Rf0F`D k  
        SetEntity eID, entity c,FhI~>R  
    vI1UFD D  
        Update l~j{i/>  
        Print "DONE!" ;{S7bH'6m  
         OaCp3No  
    End Sub QbG`F8dj  
    )uxXG `,h  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: kO'_g1f<[  
    ; +%|!~  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters <rAWu\d;  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ; w+<yW}EL  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 0{zA6Xu  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 X0+M|8:   
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 d`ESe'j:  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 e,rCutA)  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 [ (eO_I5ep  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ]YqeI*BX  
    DONE! A_xUP9g@?  
     
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