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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 Fgx{ s%&-  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 eGwO!Lv}B  
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    模型 6x'F0{U  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 >@b]t,rrK  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. aVg~/  
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    光源 *oby(D"p  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 rr@h9bak;g  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 {\1:2UKkr  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 jmp0 %:+L  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 CPW^pGT+i  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 j8cIpbp8x  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 XIGz_g;#'w  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 }508wwv  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 AV>_ bw.  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: %.h&W;  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 %`_Rl>@K=  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 }T5 E^  
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    分析 *8bj3A]vf  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 t]CA!i`  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 ? K,d  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. &-$27  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 1K UM!DUD  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION +SB>>  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ~.<QC<dN  
    Dim A As Double 8FIk|p|l^  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double xZ]QT3U+  
    Dim eID As Long cBD#F$K2  
    Dim parID As Long |iA8aHFU  
    Dim count As Integer &7 K=  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ri`;   
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double hh-a+] c0  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double L>Y3t1=  
    Dim ok As Long :O'QL,  
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    Sub Main [v+5|twxpU  
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        '用户输入对话框 s&4&\Aq}x#  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 O'Q,;s`uC  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 dBkM~"  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 WfXwI 'y  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 cy(4g-b]@e  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 r;9 V7C  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 x*sDp3f[*  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 X<D fzd oI  
        End Dialog n) j0h-  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 8B(=Y;w  
    #P1U] @  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) aX2N Qq>s  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed vqAEF^HYry  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ~: fSD0  
            End 8OMMV,QF  
        End If >WA'/Sl<A<  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty >"+ ho  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ["#H/L]3  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 1bFGoLAEFl  
        Else 4TTrHs  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) D4N(FZ0~  
        End If gBO,  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then o`Af6C;Q  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 1cc~UQ  
        Else njZJp|y6  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) }4T`)  
        End If yk'L_M(=  
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        Print " " ilXKJJda  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" JeN]sK)8x  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" |@~_&g  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation C23p1%#1  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness '"+Gn52#  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens &8pGq./lr=  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens E+|K3EJ  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens V'gJtF  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens C=(Q0-+L|  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness pN)x,<M)  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction c&P/v#U_  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 5rfDm  
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        '************************************************************************* g\?v 5  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }30Sb &"  
        '************************************************************************* T*gG <8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) x[$KZGK+GL  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity eXD~L&s[  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7M _ mR Vh  
    .zl[nx[9"D  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z }K@m4`T  
        count = 0 P(FlU]q  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count d"IZt;s/,  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ul~6zBKO   
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then b !y  
                DeleteOperation eID,count |5%T)  
                count=count-1 n$XEazUb0N  
            End If Wz #Cyjo  
            count=count+1 /t`,7y 3T  
        Wend ?hGE[.(eh]  
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        'Set new shift in F\&{>&  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" M)!"R [V  
        op.val1 = taq ~Kt1%&3{a?  
        op.parent = parID Woj5 yr  
        AddOperation eID, op y2#"\5dC  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 |1tpXpe  
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        '************************************************************************* 9) ,|h  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Ynvf;qs  
        '************************************************************************* ']>9 /r#  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) +p63J  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic zCQP9oK!  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant $OdBuJA  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant =R' O5J  
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        '************************************************************************* fz`)CWo:  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens AEaN7[PQx|  
        '************************************************************************* |hw.nY]J  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 3~bB2APk  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic yyljyE  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost i0$*):b  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost O1c:X7lHc  
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        '************************************************************************* zG<<MR/<  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) yc~<h/}#  
        '************************************************************************* B~ i  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2aCf?l(  
    _~;%zFX  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 2b"DkJj'  
        count = 0 |u?VlRt  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "Kp#Lx  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ssx#|InY  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K$Vu[!l`  
                DeleteOperation eID,count GW'v\O  
                count=count-1 5N $XY@  
            End If O+|C<;K  
            count=count+1 J_Tz\bZ3)  
        Wend Q17dcgd  
    t4#gW$+^?H  
        'Set new z-shift cjPXrDl{\  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~`QoBZ.O&  
        op.val1 = tlens 7~QI4'e  
        op.parent = parID D0xQXC3$`  
        AddOperation eID, op }}$@Tij19[  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens h#O9TB  
    $'3xl2T  
        '************************************************************************* 9/29>K_  
        'Lens index of refraction pg4pfi^__V  
        '************************************************************************* eIalcBY  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 5[SwF& zZ  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat Jg[Ao#,==  
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        mat.Nd = nlens .>F4s_6l  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat #DFi-o&-  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens iBAP,cR?`  
    ]$Z:^" JS3  
        '************************************************************************* ]5S`y{j1  
        'Pupil diameter 0GrM:Lh y  
        '************************************************************************* T8z?_ *k  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ft(o-f7,  
    &N/t%q  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) hk4t #Km  
    ? /z[Jx.  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ?$109wZ:9  
    \OVtvJV]  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens i>YQ<A1  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tj@(0}pi4  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 0dC5 -/+  
        count = 0 s/IsrcfM  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &R<aRE:+R  
            GetOperation eID, count, op :L NE ?@  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1]2]l*&3  
                DeleteOperation eID,count   < v]  
                count=count-1 YkWHI (p  
            End If 4kM/`g6?,q  
            count=count+1 w7?fJ")  
        Wend 6K pq~o   
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" >Dr(%z6CN  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 H\ejW@< ;h  
        op.parent = parID f+ceL'fr  
        AddOperation eID, op )Wk_|zO-  
    D:/ n2_  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam jn V=giBu  
    A%.mIc.  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description o2ggHZe/=@  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) J/4T=:\  
        GetEntity eID, entity XJ4f;U  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" f*X CWr  
        SetEntity eID, entity 1z-.e$&z  
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        Update LN5LT'CE   
        Print "DONE!" C.92FiC  
         ^r\ rpSN  
    End Sub I1E9E$m5\<  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: }~I!'J#)  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters D9oNYF-V  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm h4pS~/  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 c 3QgX4vq  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 !'jq.RawP  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ]5Uuz?:e  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 LW]fme<V?  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 '9V/w[mI  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 %PYl  
    DONE! dM-cQo:  
     
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