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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 TgTnqR@/  
    ' JdkUhq1V  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?f*Q>3S)  
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    模型 R*zO dxY  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 QN>7~=`  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. _ 1*7Z=|  
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    光源 2$ !D* <  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 x|0:P sE  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 mmEp'E  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 IN7<@OS7  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 y/? &pKH^  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 6  P`)%zj  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 kax\h  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 Y-~~,Yl~  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 TNY4z(r  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: DlyMJ#a  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 e kQrW%\3  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 % *z-PT22  
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    分析 ~^N]y b  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 XTqm]  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 DFe;4BdC  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. sI 4yG  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY -NM0LTF  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION \ Aq;Q?  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL zuL7%qyv  
    Dim A As Double xi'<y  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double tkuc/Z/@  
    Dim eID As Long h3Fo-]0  
    Dim parID As Long FN )d1q(~  
    Dim count As Integer I__4I{nI  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double _$/ +D:K  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 8SnS~._9  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double [cU,!={  
    Dim ok As Long mog9jw  
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    Sub Main H3 m8  
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        '用户输入对话框 O|v (5 8A  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 . %(^mK)zQ  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 2HOe__Ns  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 s` >H  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 3;$bS<>  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 r(uP!n1+  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 R Td^ImV  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 "D> ]ES%5  
        End Dialog Li`hdrO'ii  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog )&Z>@S^  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) rm+v(&  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed JmWR{du  
            Print "Execution cancelled." Sa]Ek*  
            End W\ULUK  
        End If C;#" td  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty  t.3 \/  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then r7X D&Y  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation hhq$g{+[  
        Else B!q?_[k,  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ^!@*P,'I  
        End If #)i&DJ^Y  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 1=TSJ2{ 9  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Hptq,~_t  
        Else h=f6~5l5  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Z>{*ISvpq  
        End If Pe,;MP\2  
    PHkDb/HIx|  
        Print " " <kc]L x  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 3bH5C3(u  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >6K4b/.5w  
    j:?N!*r=  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Rrz'(KSDw  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 0}-#b7eR  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens pYGYy'%A'  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ZKsQ2"8{M  
    ;l`X!3  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens q6)p*}-  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens )_pt*xo  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness | M _%QM.  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction '^lUL) R  
    \6c8z/O7   
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation :xN8R^(  
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        '************************************************************************* U$@83?O{iM  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) b60[({A\s&  
        '************************************************************************* oYg/*k7EDX  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 45r|1<Ro  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity YZ{jP?x  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1bDJ}M~]z  
    <!hpfTz*  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z hqWPf  
        count = 0 -}AE\qXs/  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7Ff?Ysr  
            GetOperation eID, count, op J2Y 3er  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then q1<Fg.-r  
                DeleteOperation eID,count I-,Xwj-  
                count=count-1 ~ \-r  
            End If V[To,f  
            count=count+1 J(&Gmk9&  
        Wend e7hO;=?b'  
    :MdEr//w  
        'Set new shift in # s,Y% Bce  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" +Gp!cGaAm  
        op.val1 = taq )MMhlcNC  
        op.parent = parID S--/<a2  
        AddOperation eID, op A@\qoS[  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 \/ X{n*Hw?  
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        '************************************************************************* wFn@\3%l`  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens o9~h%&  
        '************************************************************************* Qlf 9]ug)  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) &l?N:(r  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic % Mw'e/?  
    K]%N-F>r  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant nh?9R&  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant giQ{Xrj  
    '?z9,oW{  
        '************************************************************************* 1Q0%7zRirI  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens $8EV, 9^U  
        '************************************************************************* Gmqs`{tc  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) v hR twi  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [U% .Gi  
    .Kg|f~InO  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost P}+2>EU  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost  W{L  
    b1eK(F  
        '************************************************************************* $hyqYp"/;  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) -qs(2^  
        '************************************************************************* (QA-"9v#i,  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0>I]=M]@  
    Wk0>1 rlu  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 9"[!EKW  
        count = 0 v&k>0lV, ^  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count o(?VX`2"  
            GetOperation eID, count, op TEH*@~P"  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Y] D7i?3N  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Mp]yKl  
                count=count-1 8=lHUn9l  
            End If HVtr,jg  
            count=count+1 deR$  
        Wend ;"d?_{>7  
    bbE bf !E  
        'Set new z-shift CsJ)Z%4_  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" :;" aUHU'  
        op.val1 = tlens Eqz4{\   
        op.parent = parID P-/XYZ]`  
        AddOperation eID, op j CTQ sV  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ORV}j, Ym  
    c^i"}2+  
        '************************************************************************* fcgDU *A%  
        'Lens index of refraction v_?s1+w  
        '************************************************************************* B2ek&<I7N  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) "N?%mCPI  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat GInZ53cQ  
    .g6PrhzFbk  
        mat.Nd = nlens f:x9Y{Y  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat >N+bU{s  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens WH pUjyBP  
    3p?<iVE  
        '************************************************************************* r`&2-]  
        'Pupil diameter zIAu3  
        '************************************************************************* RTgQ#<W8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) d- Z+fz  
    }[=xe(4]D  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 4 ~MJ4:  
    :_{{PY0PK  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" zkT`] @`J  
    Q`@$j,v  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens d'Ik@D]I  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t+W=2w&  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) uv~qK:Nw(  
        count = 0 z^a6%N  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count tpNtoqg_$  
            GetOperation eID, count, op :XPC0^4s  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then uK4'n+_>\  
                DeleteOperation eID,count He0N  
                count=count-1 6`s%%v  
            End If 8XS {6<  
            count=count+1 qmue!Fv#g  
        Wend Z3abem<Q  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" IQk#  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 c:@OX[##  
        op.parent = parID aCYm$6LmA  
        AddOperation eID, op JK:mQ_  
    V&4:nIS>z  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 4U! .UNi  
    aCH:#|B  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description O{i_?V_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) C#**)  
        GetEntity eID, entity rjpafGCp  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" lM|WOmD  
        SetEntity eID, entity C tC`:!Q  
    "{ry 9?z  
        Update -t~B@%  
        Print "DONE!" $?/Xk%d+  
         vN%j-'D\A4  
    End Sub ^;k _  
    -o!,,XYj .  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: 9+is?Pj  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ,^+R%7mv  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm H;t8(-F@'  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4h_4jqf=pU  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 @X6#$ex  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 $m: a-.I  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 F;Xq:e8  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 qn"T? O  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ^qus `6  
    DONE! '3u]-GU2_  
     
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