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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 $t0o*i{  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?.Q$@Ih0  
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    模型 Y \Gx|  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 xIA]5@;a  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ZmI0|r}QbY  
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    光源 /g$G G9  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 -^+fZBU;  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 (\ge7sE-oo  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 [;H-HpBaa  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 'i',M+0>jC  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 "}MP{/  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 kDol1v`  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 w"5Eyz-eO  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 >TMd1? ,  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Z#.1p'3qm1  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 9dq"x[  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 NB1KsvD{  
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    分析 VwpC UW  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 2TU V9Z  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 H1f='k]SZ  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. <Y."()}GeH  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY +q'\rpt  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION }/dk2!?ig  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL pJx7S sW  
    Dim A As Double -=nk,cYn  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ]L97k(:Ib  
    Dim eID As Long dzEi^* (8  
    Dim parID As Long u8T@W}FX  
    Dim count As Integer P&sWn?q Ol  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double pd:7K'yaw  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double QuqznYSY{  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double OL>)SJj5  
    Dim ok As Long M#; ks9  
    9Q=VRH:  
    Sub Main ss[`*89  
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        '用户输入对话框 T/\RViG3  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 n9xP8<w8  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 (/uAn2  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 RqgN<&g?  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 iI{L>  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 <Cv(@A->  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 S7)qq  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 SK lvZ  
        End Dialog 4d`YZNvZW/  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog B~w$j/sWU  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) d #1Y^3n  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed gom!dB0J  
            Print "Execution cancelled." R3~,&ab  
            End bZNqv-5 4h  
        End If G9f6'5 O  
    sq!$+=1-X  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty m,lZy#02s3  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then >G:Q/3jh  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation G IN|cv=  
        Else x="Wqcnj{  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) =p8uP5H  
        End If tw_o?9  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then kJJT`Ba&/  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter TI'v /=;)  
        Else m+0yf(w  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) o]4]fLQ  
        End If YIg(^>sq  
    }T@=I&g;  
        Print " " ,WRm{ v0f^  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" wb0$FZzh  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" {V6&((E8  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation |}z)>E  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness fOV_ >]u  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Nap[=[rv  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens w}ji]V}  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens CRK%^3g  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 9MMCWMV  
    2!{D~Gfl=  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness yp#!$+a}  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Cz0FA]-g  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Sc7 Ftb%  
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        '************************************************************************* QQrldc(I  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 7*l$ i/!  
        '************************************************************************* xDo0bR(  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) aV\i3\da  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity n9B5D:.G  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  0k (-  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z wZ(1\ M(  
        count = 0 lq-KM8j  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }u_D{bz  
            GetOperation eID, count, op A NhqS  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |V a:*3u  
                DeleteOperation eID,count {<42PJtPY  
                count=count-1 =I# pXL  
            End If Tn&_ >R  
            count=count+1 j%6p:wDl  
        Wend 731Lz*IFg  
    '(.5!7?Qc  
        'Set new shift in yaR>?[h  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5T x4u%g  
        op.val1 = taq .C'\U[A{  
        op.parent = parID "^#O7.oVi+  
        AddOperation eID, op cibl j?"Wi  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 7kLu rv  
    , Y:oTo=~  
        '************************************************************************* sY;h~a0n  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 0t7N yKU  
        '************************************************************************* i!a!qE.1  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Z[#8F&QV!m  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic G"/;Cq=t  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 1dN/H)]  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant W Z'<iI  
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        '************************************************************************* ?w:\0j5 ~  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens xrf|c  
        '************************************************************************* %3`*)cp@  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) pr<u 5  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic @NM0ILE  
    !]F`qS>  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Xh8U}w<k6  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost =Zj 7dn;EN  
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        '************************************************************************* %r^tZ;; l  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) hkPMu@BI  
        '*************************************************************************  zK6w0  
    & DP"RWT/  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) sX"L\v  
    .q 2r!B  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) y6$a:6  
        count = 0 WSozDNF!'f  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lf=G  
            GetOperation eID, count, op #N][-i  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then OG{*:1EP  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ]aIHd]B  
                count=count-1 r 1HG$^  
            End If VP!4Nob  
            count=count+1 s17)zi,?4  
        Wend huZ5?'/Fg  
    u.A}&'H  
        'Set new z-shift (&.T  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;8<HB1 &,  
        op.val1 = tlens ?n# $y@U  
        op.parent = parID ]U#of O  
        AddOperation eID, op (g@X.*c8  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens s/ABT.ZO  
    GJWGT`"  
        '************************************************************************* e;v"d!H/  
        'Lens index of refraction %e[E@H7  
        '************************************************************************* Bvvja C  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) `Hw][qy#  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat -~c-mt  
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        mat.Nd = nlens yf*'=q  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat &w9*pJR %  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens aEzf*a|fSV  
    ]Sj;\Iz  
        '************************************************************************* (1cB Tf  
        'Pupil diameter E-1u_7  
        '************************************************************************* RL&0?OT  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) }bRn&)e  
    K bQXH!J  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) z 8M\(<  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;i.MDW^N  
    o6^ETQ  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens T}{zh  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >!qtue7B  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) BEax[=&W  
        count = 0 xyo~p,(~t  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count p8XvfM  
            GetOperation eID, count, op UU(Pg{DA 6  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Wtaz@ +  
                DeleteOperation eID,count e<uf)K=(C  
                count=count-1 ea O'|@;{~  
            End If I~6(>Z{  
            count=count+1 ;HAvor=?  
        Wend i`52tH y_  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" :Z/\U*6~  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 <V)z{uK  
        op.parent = parID 9BP'[SM%),  
        AddOperation eID, op D5xQ  
    :' 5J[]J  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ]35`N<Ac  
    |X*y-d77W  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description sMAj?]hI$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) FO>!T@0G  
        GetEntity eID, entity <B T18u\  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" x~uDCbL  
        SetEntity eID, entity Id^q!4Th9  
    $aEv*{$y  
        Update G11KAq(  
        Print "DONE!" fJ\?+,  
         QxPPgn7'  
    End Sub |Isn<|_  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: :~R a}  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ]#DCO8Vk  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm qi~-<qW  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 H!0m8LCnb  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 1p5'.~J+Q  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 h3.CvPYy1  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 pRh9+1EM;  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 L|<j/bP  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 (X^,.qy  
    DONE! QKEtV  
     
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