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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 fCEz-TMW  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ,@Z_{,b  
    +*EKR  
    模型 _dmL}t-  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 #w~0uCzQ@  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. B3L4F"  
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    光源 %RFYm  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 {$TZ}z"DA  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 8gpBz'/,  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 .98.G4J>  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 OJ[rj`wrW^  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 F X 1C e  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 $HRed|*.C  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 .;%q/hP  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 $n*%v85  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: >x?2Fz.  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 E(/ sXji!  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 {jG.=}/Dk  
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    分析 iwkJ~(5z  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 f#mx:Q.7I  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 Gx;xj0-"  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. x.G"D(  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY r+TK5|ke  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION e7's)C>/'  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL :R3P 58>  
    Dim A As Double CjmV+%b4  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double OgTSx  
    Dim eID As Long `+fk`5Y  
    Dim parID As Long <4sj@C  
    Dim count As Integer Ik-oI=>.  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double wVQdUtmk  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Rj&qh`  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double [lOf|^9  
    Dim ok As Long yYBNH1  
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    Sub Main !3QRzkJX~  
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        '用户输入对话框 qlEFJ5;  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 >.LgsMRIKi  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 v#Sj|47  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 \"J?@  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ennR@pg  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 \P5>{ 2i  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 UIz:=DJ  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 QjqBO+  
        End Dialog +q l  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Y[h#hZ  
    /'mrDb_ip  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) :TlAL# s&  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed /M]eZ~QKD  
            Print "Execution cancelled." #>" }q3RO  
            End 5^b i 7J  
        End If e& p_f<  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty D{Oq\*  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then RrKfTiK H  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 8,_ -0_^$  
        Else hR!}u}ECd  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 6<<'bi  
        End If </|)"OD9  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then M5F(<,n;  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ,%[LwmET  
        Else =w?M_[&K)  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) z;[gEA+I  
        End If [7'#~[a~  
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        Print " " eN2dy-0  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" (*MNox?w  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" wLY#dm  
    ]GQv4-y  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Y~:}l9Qs  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness OI*ZVD)J  
    \QliHm!  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens <D~6v2$  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens *}>Bkq9h  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens RzpC1nd  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens m5)EQE}gPp  
    >_-!zjO8u  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ]/LWrQD  
    4 #aqz9k  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ]{(l;k9=e  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation xIM8  
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        '************************************************************************* u\M4`p!g=  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) S|~i>  
        '************************************************************************* "!xvpsy  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) "|F. 'qZrm  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 8n;kK?  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Tku /OG'  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z O|? Z~  
        count = 0 TP~( r  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ftO+.-sm<  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ?hxK/%)  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6 M*b6  
                DeleteOperation eID,count CKx\V+\O  
                count=count-1 mgo'MW\   
            End If |~z8<  
            count=count+1 y=-{Q  
        Wend tceIA8d6  
    W"W@WG9X0  
        'Set new shift in ^Vl^,@  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" N{ : [/  
        op.val1 = taq =t@:F  
        op.parent = parID '&RZ3@}+  
        AddOperation eID, op F<h&3  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Y*`:M(  
    /uC+.B9k  
        '************************************************************************* (hpTJsZ  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens F"-S~I7'L  
        '************************************************************************* | \Ab L!u  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) R"m.&%n  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic U#8\#jo  
    v>JB rIb$  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant uOyLC<I/  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant K{, W_ ^  
    h{Oz*Bq  
        '************************************************************************* +`Q PBj^  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens H%*~l  
        '************************************************************************* t9-_a5>E\}  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) (nkUeQQN  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (jp1; #P!  
    " 7l jc  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost EZ:I$X  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost *raIV]W3  
    zi?qK?m  
        '************************************************************************* j)6@q@P/  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) @#bBs9@gv  
        '************************************************************************* 1h#w"4  
    7yY1dR<Y  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) L~^e\^sP  
    E`oSi ez)  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) C\;;9  
        count = 0 _DNkdS [[  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @qg0u#k5  
            GetOperation eID, count, op hXV4$Dai  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >xxXPvM<`  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ~@b9  
                count=count-1 T+ &x{+gZ  
            End If 6LSPPMM  
            count=count+1 v&t`5-e-A  
        Wend :d!i[W*  
    jK ?  
        'Set new z-shift UMHuIA:%U  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" }0k"Sw X  
        op.val1 = tlens H;7O\  
        op.parent = parID "2y7&#l   
        AddOperation eID, op Mft0D j/  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *>}McvtTw  
    &*V0(  
        '************************************************************************* &%_y6}xIw  
        'Lens index of refraction Q1N,^71  
        '************************************************************************* LM'*OtpDG  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) pl1EJ <  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat Li?{e+g  
    S>/I?(J  
        mat.Nd = nlens jzu l{'g  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat Og&0Z)%  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens b&U5VA0=1  
    d\1:1ucV  
        '************************************************************************* IkE'_F  
        'Pupil diameter S2{ ?W  
        '************************************************************************* EkfGw/WDw  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) a$ +e8>  
    K'{wncumQ  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) iTKG,$G  
    S`'uUvAA  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ,M+h9_&0?  
    EmBfiuX  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens KweHY,  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >mGGJvTx  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `#IT24!  
        count = 0 ?j^?@%f0  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l*m]2"n]  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Og%zf1)aZM  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K4VPmkG  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ]0/~6f  
                count=count-1 >.k@!*  
            End If '%JMnU  
            count=count+1 lHj7O &+  
        Wend Wb}0-U{S'  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" *$WiJ3'(m  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 b`;b}ug  
        op.parent = parID h} b^o*  
        AddOperation eID, op $48[!QE  
    >Y*iy  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam se*pkgWbz  
    JzS^9) &  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description QdG?"Bdt2  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &caO*R<#J}  
        GetEntity eID, entity wtgO;w  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" `[W)6OUCx}  
        SetEntity eID, entity |'l* $  
    TTw~.x,  
        Update ="[+6X  
        Print "DONE!" =tvm=  
         0I AaPz/e  
    End Sub 5G]#'tu  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: wxr}*Z:ZMa  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters zDQ\PZ~  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm tIp\MXkTQ&  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 \FaB!7*~  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 HN&vk/[  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 fPuQ,J2=  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 -QHzf&D?  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 tX2>a  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 y O9pEO|W  
    DONE! ,r)d#8  
     
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