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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 .#] V5g,  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 07_ym\N  
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    模型 !P&F6ViO=  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 wf<=r W'  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. %Hk9.1hn5  
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    光源 G Uf[Dz  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 X&[S.$_U  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 `;ofQz4  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 TRl,L5wd-?  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 `N_elf://n  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 3Ms ` ajJ  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 *Op;].>E  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 3iHUG^sLW  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 BULf@8~(  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 0^41dfdE  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 j~(s3pSCo  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 .5ap9li]  
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    分析 YRXXutm  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 g-0?8q5T6  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 R36BvW0X  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. )[d?&GK  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY ,m| :U  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ~c&ygL3  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ^gb3DNV~y  
    Dim A As Double vUEG0{8l  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double :Ve>tZeW  
    Dim eID As Long "~R,%sYb(  
    Dim parID As Long EZy:_xjZ  
    Dim count As Integer sN`2"t/s  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double A>@ i TI  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double n[~kcF  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double aDrF" j  
    Dim ok As Long c418TjO;  
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    Sub Main `SdvX n  
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        '用户输入对话框 OAoTsqj6  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 lSGtbSyDI  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 $#3O:aW  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 [{]/9E /&  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 kD&% 7Vz  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ,$i2vGd  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 S$ u`)BG):  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 sw<mmayN  
        End Dialog o~Jce$ X  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog KIY/nu   
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) >o=O^:/L  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed [BPK0  
            Print "Execution cancelled." _[D6 WY+  
            End (v<l9}!  
        End If 6n[O8^  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty EL*OeyU1l  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 7ojU]ly  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation N_ 3$B=  
        Else F8u;C:^d  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) m=g\@&N  
        End If up(6/-/.7  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then >K|<hzZ  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter s|p,UK  
        Else ( (.b&  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) /INjP~C  
        End If ]H ze  
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        Print " " VFmG\  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" y {&"g  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 9%{V?r]k  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Uq}FrK}  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness (8JL/S;Z$  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ua!i3]18  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ivgV5 )".  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens HuVx^y` @  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 8IeE7  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Ox| ?  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Sw1z^`  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation h>w(Th\H  
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        '************************************************************************* Yz%AKp  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ~J~@mE2ks  
        '************************************************************************* *Z9Rl>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) U z*7J  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity <\44%M"iC-  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3np |\i  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z oouhP1py,  
        count = 0 6dH> 0l  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g!QX#_~Il  
            GetOperation eID, count, op [Re.sX}$Y  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then f9%M:cl  
                DeleteOperation eID,count pr=f6~Z-y  
                count=count-1 buj *L&  
            End If zl]Ic' _i  
            count=count+1 c"wk_ #  
        Wend O:% ,.??<%  
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        'Set new shift in E;o "^[we  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" zfsGf 'U  
        op.val1 = taq w\K(kNd(  
        op.parent = parID Qhc>,v)  
        AddOperation eID, op 4MFdhJoN  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 |8{c|Qz  
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        '************************************************************************* 9}*Pb6  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens \kR:GZ`{UV  
        '************************************************************************* >s%&t[r6  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) L*(!P4S%}  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic za,JCI  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant <rKfL`8p  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant a_T3<  
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        '************************************************************************* zObrp  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens l-gNJ=l+K  
        '************************************************************************* up;^,I  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) CMiE$yC  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic VF bso3q<j  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost U =i=E}'  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost eZ G#op  
    /5wIbmz@I  
        '************************************************************************* -V F*h.'  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) `9`T,uJe  
        '************************************************************************* N<N uBtkA  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2:jWO_V@  
    &y+)xe:&S  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) <*3#nA-O>i  
        count = 0 Hp(wR'(g&  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7L4~yazmK  
            GetOperation eID, count, op /D>G4PP<  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then '89nyx&W  
                DeleteOperation eID,count V|hr9  
                count=count-1 S\S31pYT  
            End If =M."^X  
            count=count+1 ra|Ku!  
        Wend BCI[jfd7  
    4XNdsb  
        'Set new z-shift [r0`D^*=  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" h|{DIG3  
        op.val1 = tlens \Gm\sy  
        op.parent = parID .jv#<"DW  
        AddOperation eID, op m85H x1!p.  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens d "%6S*dL  
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        '************************************************************************* IIY3/   
        'Lens index of refraction SH5a&OVZhn  
        '************************************************************************* "KKw\i  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) w!rw%  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat .L8g( F(=:  
    7m.>2U   
        mat.Nd = nlens L(q~%  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat [;pL15-}4  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ^u+#x2$Mg  
    :;URLl0  
        '************************************************************************* fo_*Uva_  
        'Pupil diameter +lhnc{;WJv  
        '************************************************************************* l&_PsnU  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) A(D3wctdr  
    H Xb_k1n  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6=p!`DOd  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 6FFM-9*|[  
    (b"kN(  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens $6~t|[7:%Y  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B&"c:)1 C2  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 5BS !6o;P'  
        count = 0 7qL B9r  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )ml#2XP!f  
            GetOperation eID, count, op j_0xE;g"]  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then XaH;  
                DeleteOperation eID,count giHqc7-PaX  
                count=count-1 UgTgva>?  
            End If f>[{1M]n\  
            count=count+1 eL1)_M;{  
        Wend 5"&=BD~D  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" |e91KmiqJ  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]VoJ7LoCZ'  
        op.parent = parID cuh Z_l  
        AddOperation eID, op l9naqb:iP  
    zsr;37  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 'xu! t'l&  
    "%ZAL\x  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description |w.h97fj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |4!G@-2V:I  
        GetEntity eID, entity b!T-{Ns6  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" L}VQc9"gc  
        SetEntity eID, entity w"q^8"j!  
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        Update C1x(4&h  
        Print "DONE!" TU^s!Tj  
         <_yy0G  
    End Sub *})Np0k  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: qT^0 %O:  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters _xGC0f (  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm :8U@KABH@h  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 xTy)qN]P  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 = ,c!V  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 )CD-cz6n  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 {Z}zT1kA  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 cd;~60@K  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 #:=*n(GT  
    DONE! gp-rTdN  
     
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