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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 K~8!Gh{h]  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 z`8>$9  
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    模型 # kmI#W"^  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 .Ag)/Xm(?  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. KH[Oqd  
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    光源 ".fnx8v,  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 UWBR5  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 `+WQ^dP@  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 m] IN-'  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 DTx>^<Tk  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 sVIw'W  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 `q1K%id  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 r6`KZ TU  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 WAh{*$Rpl  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: uTUkRqtD!  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 '[Ch8Yf\  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ;z^C\=om  
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    分析 I=yy I  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 sBu- \P#  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 e? !A]2  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Yf,U2A\  
     |<1  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY '|l1-yD_  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION c27A)`   
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL HrQft1~N  
    Dim A As Double 2=xjgK  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Qa=v }d-O  
    Dim eID As Long BDT1qiC  
    Dim parID As Long '0>w_ge4  
    Dim count As Integer +&hd3  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 8;]U:tv  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ojZvgF  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double c2<JS:!*  
    Dim ok As Long F2RU7o'f.  
    3]}wZY0  
    Sub Main G4eY}3F7,4  
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        '用户输入对话框 E"$AOM?(*i  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 z>X<Di&x)  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 %) 8 UyZG  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 7ClN-/4  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 PF?tEw_WB  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 \sZ!F&a~  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 U#W9]il$  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 *XZlnO  
        End Dialog fB3W} dr  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog qkN{l88  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) RZV6\ j  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed [vs5e3B)  
            Print "Execution cancelled." Wp<4F 6C$@  
            End UfnjhHu  
        End If 2'zYrdem  
    =N%;HfUD  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty yH0BNz8V  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then MjW g  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation g~JN"ap  
        Else ,f;YJHEx8  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) n2$(MDdL`  
        End If S~mpXH@  
    pO.+hy  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then P=%' 2BQ{{  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter " E U[Lb  
        Else nDvj*lZF  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) <g|\]\C|  
        End If w{1DwCLKq  
    `}YCUm[SI  
        Print " " 8e9ZgC|  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" &nk[gb o\  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" D@5AI ](  
    nmn 8Y V1  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation WZ a?Xb  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness _S[@d^cY  
    CVp`G"W:  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens O]SjShp  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens (c<MyuWb  
    l H@hV  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens +p:#$R)MW  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens T(E$0a)#  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness GoK[tjb  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction vnT'.cBB:^  
    ]D@_cxud3  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 3(De> gs$  
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        '************************************************************************* 9#CE m &c  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }6;v`1Hr  
        '************************************************************************* s3sAw~++  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) brk>oM;t  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity MY]Z@  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) x4&<Vr  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z "w#jC ~J<W  
        count = 0 =}6yMR!4R<  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9U[ A   
            GetOperation eID, count, op /~?'zr  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then OaeGukhX&  
                DeleteOperation eID,count &R\t<X9 n  
                count=count-1 lLq:(zMH  
            End If ^ gY^I`"e6  
            count=count+1 sOegR5?;  
        Wend 3]=j!_yJf  
    2m]C mdV^  
        'Set new shift in 2WK]I1_  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" rq;Xcc  
        op.val1 = taq `*5_`^t   
        op.parent = parID %s}c#n)N  
        AddOperation eID, op &Ff#E?Y4|  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 j:)"s_  
    5 *8 V4ca  
        '************************************************************************* z?NMQ8l|:6  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens K\w:'%>-  
        '************************************************************************* ){u/v[O9"  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) s<f<:BC  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic R4 8w\?L  
    cO]_5@#f'8  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant G4=R4'hC  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant A2fc_A/a  
    I\%a<  
        '************************************************************************* f~HC%C YH  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens tVB9kxtE  
        '************************************************************************* 0+\%os V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 6FYO5=R  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ?<YQ %qaW7  
    mBQA~@ }  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ;L <D-=  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost `eD70h`XK  
    &:K!$W  
        '************************************************************************* I ,j,H z0  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ?AMn>v  
        '************************************************************************* kx6AMx!nX  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) rb"J{^  
    M0+xl+c+  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) xSnkv,my<  
        count = 0 ULqFJ*nla  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4=BIYC"Lu  
            GetOperation eID, count, op >(>,*zP<9  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then k}MmgaT:5]  
                DeleteOperation eID,count _6y#?8RMB  
                count=count-1 8dgi"/[3  
            End If 0Nvk|uI V[  
            count=count+1 Ol%KXq[  
        Wend uq.!{3)8  
    K{]9Yo  
        'Set new z-shift zv~dW4'  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" i?{cB!7  
        op.val1 = tlens z( 00"ei  
        op.parent = parID e}xx4mYo  
        AddOperation eID, op J@ CKgE  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens RgB5'$x}  
    pTQ70V3  
        '************************************************************************* $N;Nvp2  
        'Lens index of refraction ?pBQaUl&  
        '************************************************************************* v(|Arm?  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) No|T#=BZ[  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat I34|<3t$  
    !HV<2q()  
        mat.Nd = nlens dH5 Go9`~R  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat +D3w2C  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens hDn?R}^l{  
    {5GXN!f  
        '************************************************************************* jDWmI% Y.  
        'Pupil diameter 0*=[1tdWY  
        '************************************************************************* bfE4.YF  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) !R`E+G@   
    sz"N,-<Ig  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) IBT 1If3  
    u~]O #v  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" eYpK!9  
    rpB0?h!$  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens o)V@|i0Js  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) k1.h|&JJN  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) xWiR7~E  
        count = 0 /h(bMbZ  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~;V5*t  
            GetOperation eID, count, op SsY :gp_  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then prk@uYCa =  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ^t 2b`n60  
                count=count-1 M:5K4$>Kx  
            End If 6zZT5 Kn  
            count=count+1 0x Er`]]U  
        Wend }wIF$v?M  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^oLMgz  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01  X_\$hF  
        op.parent = parID ,pTj'I  
        AddOperation eID, op O>KrTK-AV  
    D;Bij=  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam J4woZ{d  
    r.JM!x8  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description "Dt: 8Nf^  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5qL;@Y  
        GetEntity eID, entity )8JfBzR  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ]YciLc(  
        SetEntity eID, entity "XB6k 0.#  
    M(|6YF7u  
        Update -U BH,U  
        Print "DONE!" 2{6%+>jB  
         Bo4MoSF}  
    End Sub [.Y]f.D  
    2Kmnt(>  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: %W8*vSbx  
    SR$?pJh D%  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters P-_2IZiz  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm }~+q S`  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 U&'Xs z  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 O:{N5+HVG  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 x,fX mgE  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 tJa*(%Z?f  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 )4;$;a1  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 $fhR1A  
    DONE! p6&6^v\  
     
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