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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 3\9][S-B  
    *%f3rvt7@)  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 .hnF]_QQ  
    k%a?SU<f  
    模型 %[+/>e/m  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 1uj05aZh}  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. )muv;Rf`e5  
    =1&}t%<X  
    光源 9M19 UP&  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 \ 6jF{  
    zVn*!c  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 Hm<M@M$aG  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6;[1Jz]?i  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 mKMGdN~  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 nEuct4BcL}  
    F F(^:N  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 gx&\Kw6HM  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 +,:nm_kQU  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 KX$qM g1j  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: '&1  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 m.|qVN  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Bl:{p>-q  
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    分析 fB@K'JQG  
    P((S2"D<4  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 V%VrAi.  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 3m?@7F  
    1 yxZ  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. xop-f#U*  
    ~t1O]aO(  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY )@sJTAK  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION w50.gr7  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 9 kTD}" %2  
    Dim A As Double Ki&WS<,0Z  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double sj?`7kg  
    Dim eID As Long !- Cs?  
    Dim parID As Long $ l0eI  
    Dim count As Integer 5(mCBH  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double mdmZ1:PBM  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double rQ 9?N^&!%  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Ncs4<"{$  
    Dim ok As Long OtrXYiKB   
    |*/uN~[  
    Sub Main ir( -$*J  
    |>jqH @\P  
        '用户输入对话框 V NJDl  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 L<{OBuR  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 d&$.jk8 2  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 `[g# Mxw  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 %B*<BgJ;4F  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 EU&6 Tg  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ~_/<PIm  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 vfk7J5y  
        End Dialog cQUH%7m  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog E.WNykF-  
    $; KQY7  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) ?[NTw./'7A  
    *_<SWTE  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed YFC0KU  
            Print "Execution cancelled." OXa5Jg}=  
            End UeK, q>i  
        End If 0k. #  
    f<$K.i  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty CBz(hCaI  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then -E,{r[Sp  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation TV[6+i*#  
        Else JaB tX'  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 2s]]!{Z#  
        End If *h5ldP  
    !`d832  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then H *z0xxa  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter hhh: rmEZl  
        Else ;_Of`C+  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) )0 42?emn  
        End If y:^>(l#;  
    X,C/x)  
        Print " " qQ?,|4)y  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" H*:r>Lm=  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >uqS  
    k8t Na@H  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation B[U.CAUn  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness cr=FMfhB  
    $ uIwRG <  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^|:{,d#Y  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens =^%Pwkz  
    2Xq!'NrS  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens $'I$n  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens (<:rKp  
    a_}BTkfHa  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness GQ8D j!8  
    EL)/5-=S  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction "YdDaj</  
    | xErA  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation R y*I~<m  
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        '************************************************************************* "n2xn%t{  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) \Kzt*C-ZH  
        '************************************************************************* ?T%K +  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) e>i8=U` ;  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity hvv>UC/  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) +ouy]b0`t  
    /{#_Um0.  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z q0KXuMK  
        count = 0 rc{[\1 -N  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _-yF9g"I  
            GetOperation eID, count, op X7B)jH%N  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then HDae_.  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 77bZ  
                count=count-1 /j5- "<;.  
            End If @x>$_:]  
            count=count+1 Q17o5##x7  
        Wend 1 0Tg > H  
    i!+3uHWu`)  
        'Set new shift in X-) ]lAP  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" D 5wR?O  
        op.val1 = taq )V =K#MCK  
        op.parent = parID C9; X6  
        AddOperation eID, op x) qHeS  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 )GT?Wd  
    a.*j8T  
        '************************************************************************* ;g)Fhdy!  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ug3lMN4UX  
        '************************************************************************* ah$7 Oudj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -D^y)  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic nJ0eZBgB]  
    `/j|Rb|eow  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant GWE0 UO}  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant v]Q_  
    Ru\Lr=9  
        '************************************************************************* ii] =C(e9  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 1?#p !;&  
        '*************************************************************************  rOf  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) )/i|"`)>_  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic W%<]_u[-}  
    tVh4v#@+  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost H?bs K~  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9 8BBsjkd  
    oX~$'/2v  
        '************************************************************************* JhXN8Bq33  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) yt#;3  
        '************************************************************************* 6XCX#4'i%  
    lJ1xx}k{U  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) KGLhl;a  
    3&Zx*:  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) v^I%Wm  
        count = 0 *RE-K36m|u  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `} Zbfe~  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Cspm\F  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )0V]G{QN  
                DeleteOperation eID,count @X><lz  
                count=count-1 Pi sr&"A  
            End If \ #c+vfq  
            count=count+1 +dpj?  
        Wend ){|Lh(  
    #$rT 4N c;  
        'Set new z-shift *H<g9<Dn  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" JkDZl?x5  
        op.val1 = tlens H D ^~4\%  
        op.parent = parID !w\;Q8irN  
        AddOperation eID, op f9=X7"dzP  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Im1qWe  
    . pEeR  
        '************************************************************************* .wn_e=lT  
        'Lens index of refraction >w;W& [  
        '************************************************************************* k3h53QTmC  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 4$w-A-\ t  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat BjJ gQ`X  
    Jl9TMu!1]  
        mat.Nd = nlens `%I{l  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat _ShJ3\,K  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens zd]L9 _  
    Nmq5Tv  
        '************************************************************************* r>@/XYK&\  
        'Pupil diameter 6U3@-+lF  
        '************************************************************************* uy\+#:44d  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) T0)y5  
    qf$|z`c  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) hRcJ):Wyb  
    9+|,aG s  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" m;1 exa  
    q)i(wEdUZ  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens YAG3PWmD  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^Exq=oV  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) zX Pj7K*  
        count = 0 .]l2)OlLQ  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7B :aJfxM  
            GetOperation eID, count, op nQVBHL>  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then   `.-C6!  
                DeleteOperation eID,count LA0x6E+I  
                count=count-1 N Uml"  
            End If }#^F'%zf  
            count=count+1 /aEQ3x  
        Wend )q-!5^ak  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" IvSrJe[;  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Y)RikF >  
        op.parent = parID [=!MS?-G  
        AddOperation eID, op |mA*[?ye@  
    yln.E vJjD  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam |{"7/~*[  
    WR1,J0UU6  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Lj,%pzJ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .r"?w  
        GetEntity eID, entity KrzM]x  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" oI/ThM`=q  
        SetEntity eID, entity |th )Q  
    j(2T,WM  
        Update |sAg@kM  
        Print "DONE!" ,' B=eY,  
         [RuY'  
    End Sub v[GHqZ  
    2F{IDcJI\  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: r"{1H  
    zb$U'D_ -f  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters |XZf:}q5:  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm "TI? qoz  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 I78pul8!  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ?Fv(4g  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 -]%@,L^@  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 C3gz)!3  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 u>#'Y+7  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 (#lS?+w)  
    DONE! "(GeW286k  
     
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