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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 AKpux,@xB  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 :* 'i\  
    $\bH 5|Hk]  
    模型 oI>;O#  
    !hq7R]TC+  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 I$Z"o9"  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. _ReQQti[  
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    光源 /nrDU*  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ri:fo'4TO  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 5}m2D='  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 #zXDh3%]a  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 '.iUv#j4Sh  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 }$7Hf+G  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 &L/ C:<.  
    %pMW5]H  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 EGs z{c[8@  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 HsO=%bb  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 9A6ly9DIS  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 A.y$.(  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 nBNZ@nD  
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    分析 -F*j`  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。  W6a2I  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 :dK%=j*ZK  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 0]"j,  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY =^{^KHzIl3  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION _ p?q/-[4  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL E&97;VH  
    Dim A As Double =U^B,q  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double L\b$1U!i  
    Dim eID As Long \,?yj  
    Dim parID As Long [*1c.&%(  
    Dim count As Integer M HgS5b2  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 08'JT{iid  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double NoPM!.RU{  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double i G<|3I  
    Dim ok As Long tmm\V7sJ  
    [%b<%m}L-  
    Sub Main r"0nUf*og:  
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        '用户输入对话框 !x,3k\M  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 #|'8O  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 4ba1c  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 `E}2|9  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Sm-nb*ZyC  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 |o+vpy  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 A?_2@6Y^  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 /A_ IS`  
        End Dialog GM@TWwG-B  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 7C&`i}/t  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) bi,%QZZ  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed I{M2nQi  
            Print "Execution cancelled." {"@Bf<J#  
            End $i =-A  
        End If E fqa*,k  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty &*0!${ B  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then y{kXd1,  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation bf}r8$,  
        Else /0(4wZe~?  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) BL]^+KnP  
        End If _Jx?m  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then  *A_  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter u_mm*o~)g  
        Else >+8mq]8^  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 8o~\L= l  
        End If 2*Gl|@~N  
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        Print " " 4$_8#w B1&  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" "b2Mk-qP  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 89WuxCFS  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation DrW]`%Ql  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness B:9Z ;g@&  
    n+xM))  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens pKp#4Js  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens !&#CEF@J  
    o2%"Luf<  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens |z5olu$gVc  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens -'ZP_$sA  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ,ll!19y  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction &\1Dy}:  
    GZO,]%z  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation HLk/C[`u,  
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        '************************************************************************* {x-g?HB  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Q}I. UG_  
        '************************************************************************* .}j@(D  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) i3f/{D/  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity />]/At  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) lJq %me;4m  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z W/J3sAYv  
        count = 0 $|A vT;4  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $BNn1C8[  
            GetOperation eID, count, op >o(*jZ  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then vR:t4EJ`  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ;m;wSp  
                count=count-1 t6LTGWs/_o  
            End If RCoz;|c`P  
            count=count+1 Z^#7&Pv0  
        Wend > a^H7kp  
    S,J'Z:spf  
        'Set new shift in 3`-[95w  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" y5l4H8{h}  
        op.val1 = taq 3{,Mpb@  
        op.parent = parID {K:/(\  
        AddOperation eID, op Qa"R?dfr  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 =(zk-J<nY  
    6:QJ@j\  
        '************************************************************************* :Rq@%rL  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens N[=nh)m7b  
        '************************************************************************* )v'3pTs2  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [_b10Z'{  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic =(v/pLLK?  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Be?mIwc_g  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant RU[{!E  
    q-p4k`]  
        '************************************************************************* +}z T][9w  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens nj)M$'  
        '************************************************************************* =g?r.;OO  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _3ZZ-=J:=*  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !L>'g  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost c-`&e-~XKL  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost RkC?(p  
    92eS*x2@  
        '************************************************************************* ]_5C5m  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \5X34'7   
        '************************************************************************* NcqE)"yObo  
    /l@7MxE  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) zoO>N'b3)  
    Fa@#nY|UV3  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) gl00$}C  
        count = 0 Ho*S >Y  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Pq;1EI  
            GetOperation eID, count, op _es>G'S  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then +U@P+;  
                DeleteOperation eID,count /V:%}Z  
                count=count-1 J6\<>5 A?  
            End If W~R_- ]k@g  
            count=count+1 #O=^%C 7p  
        Wend Vs m06Rj{  
    m_U__CZ}Tt  
        'Set new z-shift >>K) 4HYID  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" awo=%vJ&  
        op.val1 = tlens ^> ZQ:xs@(  
        op.parent = parID '[:].?M  
        AddOperation eID, op hg=\L5R  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Y`\zLX"_m  
    aU5t|S6  
        '************************************************************************* q0SvZw]f1  
        'Lens index of refraction %k1*&2"1#  
        '************************************************************************* YIt:_][*  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) &# `d8}3D  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat +qjW;]yxP  
    Yb414K  
        mat.Nd = nlens \fh.D/@  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat a]$KI$)e  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens cXtL3T+  
    ;/ >~|@  
        '************************************************************************* x&8fmUS:@;  
        'Pupil diameter @^#y23R U  
        '************************************************************************* />)>~_-3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) v" y e\ZG  
    ,T"(97"  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Sr%~ 5Q[W  
    +=U`  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" t55CT6Se  
    $Iv*?S"2  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens +oe ~j\=  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T\. 8og  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) [ZDJs`h!`  
        count = 0 ]qhVxeUm  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Mp"] =  
            GetOperation eID, count, op d<fS52~l  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then u&r @@p.  
                DeleteOperation eID,count !>gc!8Y'o  
                count=count-1 eAm7*2  
            End If (f $Y0;v>}  
            count=count+1 |0A n| 18  
        Wend />.&  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" m <aMb  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 DEqk9Exk`  
        op.parent = parID (;C_>EL&u  
        AddOperation eID, op Z37Z  
    bbA+ZLZJn  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam z}OY'}sk8  
    Ba!`x<wa  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 8I NVn'G  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) JnV$)EYi  
        GetEntity eID, entity $?ke "  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" S7~yRIjB  
        SetEntity eID, entity w[:5uo(  
    \ 1ys2BX  
        Update ,Sghi&Ky  
        Print "DONE!" 2zArAch  
         %+xh  
    End Sub P^VV8Z>\&  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: izmL8U ?t  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters hFylQfd  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm $P4hNb  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 bZERh:%o  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 kZPj{^c:  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 lt5~rH2  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 r{p?aG  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ] M_[*OAb  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 B~LB^ n(>@  
    DONE! &'T7 ~M:  
     
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