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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 <(us(zbk]  
    *`tQX$F  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 *#'&a(h B!  
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    模型 Ej`G(  
    L-e6^%eU  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 3LVL5y7|  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. !,*Uvs@b  
    B{1yMJA  
    光源 QW%xwV?8  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 }oii|=,#^  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 5)M#hx%]#  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 hrbeTtqi  
    SLud}|f;o  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 J {\]ZPs  
    4WQ 96|F  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 I4zm{ 1g  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 SxM5'KQ  
    }z2K"eGt  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 =5h ,ZB2A  
    4rNuAK`2  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 :?7^STc  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: wpm $?X  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    }h\]0'S~J~  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Fi#b0S  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 5U/C 0{6  
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    分析 UC"_#!3  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Je~<2EsQ  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 lQer|?#  
    {+|Em(M  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. {hKf 'd9E  
    \H.1I=<  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY BoPJ;6?>}  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION j;i7.B"[  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4B@L<Rl{\  
    Dim A As Double K#'{Ko  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double /%h<^YDBf  
    Dim eID As Long y Ide]  
    Dim parID As Long Pb@9<NXm'  
    Dim count As Integer 7_AcvsdW  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 0p ZX_L'  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ~,P."  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double uVV;"LVK~  
    Dim ok As Long rfc;   
    4w0Y(y  
    Sub Main $~2qEe.h  
    o_ SR  
        '用户输入对话框 %NfbgJcL_  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 s4Z5t$0|  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 5oE!^bF?  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 %$I@7Es>  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 \^rAH@  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 CZ_ (IT7  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 NhA_dskvo  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 A{b?ZT~2]  
        End Dialog 3 ~^}R  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog E;^~}  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) uWKc .  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed dD0:K3@  
            Print "Execution cancelled." Jri"Toz0  
            End Td>Lp=0rU  
        End If F;^GhiQVS  
    t9B]V  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty  7ehs+GI  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then N!&$fhY)  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation l~V^  
        Else s'|^6/  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) U[UjL)U  
        End If -I#1xJU  
    S+EC!;@Xg  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then J 4EG  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter RwC1C(ZP  
        Else o {bwWk7v6  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) U`fxe`nVa  
        End If 4^mpQ.]lO  
    ?`%)3gx|  
        Print " " %l7|+%M.{  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ovn)lIs  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ?lYi![.o  
    wZA(><\  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation x !o>zT\  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness x xh(VQdg  
    pZ,P_?  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Nn],sEs  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens \y9( b  
    a0oM KGW:  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens `4'['x  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 9?M><bBX  
    H *gF>1  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness csV.AN'obq  
    *LbRLwt  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction gZ*8F|sg  
    C"I:^&sL  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation bt/u^E  
    h4 s!VK1X  
        '************************************************************************* p<\yp<g  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) !dVth)UV  
        '************************************************************************* {%K(O$H#  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 3sf+ uoV  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity :6 ?&L  
    +IiL(\ew  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) e{~s\G8g  
    p xrd D7  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z > !thxG/_  
        count = 0 zice0({iJ  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ei>8{v&g  
            GetOperation eID, count, op xG05OqKpE  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gu[3L  
                DeleteOperation eID,count &>I4-D[  
                count=count-1 g_\U-pzr  
            End If );*A$C9RA  
            count=count+1 ON{&-  
        Wend er Cl@sq  
    Br2ZloJ@+  
        'Set new shift in + j._NRXRH  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Q Fv"!Ql  
        op.val1 = taq 1'dL8Y  
        op.parent = parID z}vgp\cuT  
        AddOperation eID, op UC)-Fd  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 iol.RszlZ|  
    E4^zW_|xE  
        '************************************************************************* 0^VA,QkQ\  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens )6# i>c-  
        '************************************************************************* $okGqu8z.O  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) UwuDs2 t  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0Bx.jx0?  
    ad).X:Qs  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant tl|Qw";I  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Dz4fP;n  
    ALqP;/  
        '************************************************************************* \Lxsg! wtJ  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens t =ErJ  
        '************************************************************************* :zk69P3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) t1,sG8Z  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic k\UDZ)TQV  
    9S ~!!7oj  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost hm=E~wv'L  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost <QGf9{m  
    v%(2l|M  
        '************************************************************************* +~Ni7Dp]  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) F.)b`:g  
        '************************************************************************* P8jXruZr  
    <(rf+Ou>I  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) +5Yf9  
    q(0V#kKC  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) q| p6UL9  
        count = 0 yDBS : \  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -EV_=a8[y  
            GetOperation eID, count, op  l`x;Og>a  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ` V}e$  
                DeleteOperation eID,count `a}!t=~#w  
                count=count-1 l$$N~FN  
            End If b&BSigrvou  
            count=count+1 f!;4 -.p`  
        Wend RkVU^N"  
    &D, gKT~  
        'Set new z-shift "V!y"yQ  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" rWKc,A[  
        op.val1 = tlens zG|}| //}  
        op.parent = parID ;W6P$@'zs  
        AddOperation eID, op 'ojI_%9<  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 4R5+"h:  
    1?\ #hemL  
        '************************************************************************* 6 <JiHVP7  
        'Lens index of refraction hC@oyC(4  
        '************************************************************************* y#HDJ=2  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) V3O<l}ak  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat sr!m   
    "' g*_  
        mat.Nd = nlens _w8iPL5:  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]YcM45xg  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 6; g_}Zx  
    SXn\k;F<  
        '************************************************************************* .Ua|KKK C  
        'Pupil diameter P#5&D*`}h  
        '************************************************************************* sqw^Hwy=!2  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) cx?t C#t  
    MY1 1 5%  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) '&{`^l/ MH  
    IHCEuK  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 4J3cQ;z  
    9mW95YI S  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 7Pu.<b}  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) jRP.Je@t  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ^mbpt`@  
        count = 0 O(BAw  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count x}I'W?g  
            GetOperation eID, count, op =H&@9=D*  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then SB R=  
                DeleteOperation eID,count  S^;D\6(r  
                count=count-1 S<"T:Y &  
            End If R(Y4nw+Y-  
            count=count+1 lI HSy  
        Wend Y <;A989D  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,zmGKn#n2  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 m{itMZ@  
        op.parent = parID T\\Q!pY  
        AddOperation eID, op ni$7)YcF  
    ,&$w*D%  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam S'"(zc3 =  
    Tdvw7I-q  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description G%N3h'zDi  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) e >W}3H5w0  
        GetEntity eID, entity ^DZ(T+q,  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" dQ+{Dv3A  
        SetEntity eID, entity vr#_pu)f4  
    N- E)b  
        Update KCG-&p$v@s  
        Print "DONE!" sG{hUsPa  
         7U_~_yb  
    End Sub V4Yw"J  
    ?rqU&my S  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: yj!4L&A  
    S`ms[^-q*  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters #SiOx/  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 'Dl31w%:  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 $7%e|0jC  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 xf/ SUO F  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 PS ,@ \  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 )LESdX  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 !o A,^4(  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 P)h e3  
    DONE! tjw4.L<r  
     
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