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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 |N6mTB2  
    ! fX9*0L  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Lo5Jb6nm  
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    模型 -|$*l Q  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ,iohfZz  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. x:vrK#8D>  
    (S3jZ  
    光源 mf#fA2[  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ZG!x$ yi$  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 =sL(^UISl  
    \S'cW B  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 }1@n(#|c  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ?#U0eb5u  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 Lq3(Z%  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Ml8E50t>;  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 Q1K"%  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 sn2r >m3  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: (}VuiNY<3  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ks)fQFSbu  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 $0ym_6n  
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    分析 4+BrTGp  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 y-D>xV)n  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 &;'w8_K"^  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. fp`U?S6  
    Vj?*= UL  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY X%RQB$  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION dO Y lI`4  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL bkJwPs  
    Dim A As Double O@G<B8U,K  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 8JQ<LrIt9  
    Dim eID As Long  ^xBb$  
    Dim parID As Long I8XGU)  
    Dim count As Integer h#$ _<U  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double O e0KAn  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double M'pY-/.  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double yYVW"m  
    Dim ok As Long Pcd i  
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    Sub Main ,C5@ P+A  
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        '用户输入对话框 nS?S6G5h  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Z&2 &wD  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 #c8"  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Br_3qJNVP  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 %D%e:se  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 1\"BvFE*E~  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 AX!Md:s  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 h8Dtq5t4  
        End Dialog Q*TQ*J7".X  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog q[T_*X3o  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) XFLjVrX[  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed D/ NIn=>j  
            Print "Execution cancelled." .)oQM:F (h  
            End |\yDgs%EGy  
        End If 7KYF16A4  
    % B7?l  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty x_>"Rnv:K  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then q[We][Nrzb  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation lcuH]z  
        Else ^@l5u=  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) TLR Lng  
        End If ~a0d .dU  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0^|$cvYiL  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter }J4BxBuV8  
        Else }&'yt97+  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 7D9h;gsP  
        End If tL|L"t_5x  
    "1pZzad  
        Print " " *axza~d  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ) 2*|WHO  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" .5$V7t.t$\  
    iIC9rso"Q1  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation :;#c:RKi:  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness o 2$<>1^  
    |x}&wFV  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens  T!O3(  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ~"hAb2  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Hr_x~n=w  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens $4fjSSB~  
    &nY2u-Q  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 4'u|L&ow  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction NJz*N%VWD  
    !{|yAt9kP  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 2oNPR+ -  
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        '************************************************************************* kk>0XPk  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) T<_1|eH  
        '************************************************************************* Zzzi\5&gU  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) {pi67"mYp  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity FnU{C=P  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) @a{v>)  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z Ts?>"@  
        count = 0 -a#AE|`  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #)c;i<Q3S  
            GetOperation eID, count, op U#^:f7-$.  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )SO1P6  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 1\9BO:<K  
                count=count-1 Z6HkQ=A64  
            End If 1pBsr(  
            count=count+1 `5aypJf 1  
        Wend $y |6<  
    x[,wJzp\6  
        'Set new shift in E`LIENm  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" "{1}  
        op.val1 = taq Tx&qp#FS  
        op.parent = parID OEqe^``!  
        AddOperation eID, op (/UMi,Ho  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 >ww1:Sn  
    =u1w\>(2Y  
        '************************************************************************* 1Yx[,GyC>&  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens MjeI?k}LJ  
        '************************************************************************* \|4MU"ri  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) H@bmLq  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7|?@\ZE  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant _-2n3py  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 'm.XmVZL%  
    2nz'/G  
        '************************************************************************* yeh adm\  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 5~TA(cb5  
        '************************************************************************* [[Eu?vQ9R  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 6je%LHhL  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Bd]DhPhJ  
    ~k_zMU-1  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost L,ey3i7a\  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost %>}7 $Y%  
    |gxB; GG  
        '************************************************************************* mI*>7?  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ,Onm!LI=  
        '************************************************************************* 79fyn!Iz<  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) z Clm'X/  
    E;e2{@SX2K  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) FbT&w4Um=  
        count = 0 F n Rxc  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Xg)FIaw]eT  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ,> EY9j  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @(5RAYRV  
                DeleteOperation eID,count &(1NOyX&  
                count=count-1 *y@]zNPD  
            End If 2\W<EWJ@  
            count=count+1 #6Ph"\G/  
        Wend X-^Oz@.>  
    S~9kp?kR$  
        'Set new z-shift uy%PTi+A  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" aWK7 -n  
        op.val1 = tlens ZuV  
        op.parent = parID K&oO+G^f  
        AddOperation eID, op R^C;D 2  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens P+l^Ep8P  
    ^]K)V  
        '************************************************************************* 87*[o  
        'Lens index of refraction ?(hQZR 0e  
        '************************************************************************* s8O+&^(U  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) g9Qxf%}  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat E8 )*HOT_T  
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        mat.Nd = nlens ?2/M W27w  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ZdzGJ[$  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 89dC bF3b  
    L(rjjkH  
        '************************************************************************* tH!z7VZ  
        'Pupil diameter 4r!40^:2  
        '************************************************************************* |"*:ZSj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) %'< qhGJ  
    q/ zdd3a  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole)  'Z}$V*  
    t;6/bT-  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" lO@Ba;x  
    "61n?Z#,M[  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \'b- ;exH  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) eT?LMBn\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" )  8eLL  
        count = 0 >,1LBM|0u  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;sJ2K"c  
            GetOperation eID, count, op t`{Fnf  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then <H#K`|Ag  
                DeleteOperation eID,count arrcHf 4O  
                count=count-1 P;[mw(  
            End If XcneH jpR  
            count=count+1 (q7mzZY  
        Wend 2%H( a)  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" u' ][3  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ddxv.kIj.  
        op.parent = parID [G)Sq;  
        AddOperation eID, op IA!Kp g W  
    3 g&mND  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam k$/].P*!  
    7Kjq1zl;  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description aPgG+tu  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) bp_@e0  
        GetEntity eID, entity sP!qv"u  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" p:))ne:7  
        SetEntity eID, entity ~VKXL,.  
    *4E,| IJ  
        Update BO|Jrr>  
        Print "DONE!" qa6up|xUnn  
         :4d7%q  
    End Sub l{g( z !  
    #U6qM(J  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: [5-5tipvWp  
    }+1oD{  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters &kBs'P8>  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm MN4}y5  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Y@eUvz  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 e^TF.D?RS  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 }vIm C [  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 95/C4q  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 i :72FVo  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 lNw?}H  
    DONE! hpu(MX\  
     
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