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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 (^pIB~.z  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 uM)#T*(  
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    模型 7+9o<j@@o  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 O NVhB  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. igx~6G*  
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    光源 3iM7c.f*/  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 }1 ,\ *)5  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 %rlMjF'tG  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。  8 X Qo  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光  WD55(  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 f$76p!pDa  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 9>ajhFyOhX  
    |k$6"dXSO  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 en>n\;U  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 Q6)?#7<jy  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示:  !2kM  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 f&j\gYWq  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 3! #|hI>f  
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    分析 #+QJ5VI :  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 _Pno9|  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码  v%$l(  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. idB1%?<  
    i=L 86Ks  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 2Z(t/Zp>  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION el U%Z9  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL )RN3Oz@H  
    Dim A As Double 4[i 3ckFT,  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Qo :vAv  
    Dim eID As Long O:sqm n  
    Dim parID As Long ~5&B#Sm[G  
    Dim count As Integer oP`:NCj\9  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double L[ZS17 ;*  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double T$`m!mQ4  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double `*cqT  
    Dim ok As Long ;O1jf4y  
    Ypl;jkHP  
    Sub Main 8nn g^  
    :2H]DDg(  
        '用户输入对话框 ~;jgl_5?b  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Auc&dpW  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 !KJA)znx;(  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 TFG? EO  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 9i U/[d  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Fm=jgt3wv8  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 !zt>& t  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ;e*okYM  
        End Dialog \?oT.z5VG&  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Ux1j+}y  
    2Y%7.YX"  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) c0Bqm  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed L){V(*K '  
            Print "Execution cancelled." SHs [te[  
            End %19~9Tw  
        End If gm pY[  
    qtdkK LT  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty U# [T!E  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 4lR+nmAZ  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation FAL#p$y}  
        Else .rG~\Ws  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1)  S!#5  
        End If ~"0{<mMcX  
    45n.%*,  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then  Uj\t04  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 8G3 Z,8P4(  
        Else ?mM:oQH+>  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) [u;(4sa}  
        End If &OZx!G^Z  
    \pkK >R  
        Print " " GApvRR+Z  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 50dN~(;p  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Q|P M6ta  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 8\9W:D@"x  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 7FkiT  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens bDIhI}P  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens s0]ZE\`H>  
    %]Nm'"Y`U  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens m' S{P:TK  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens wEl7mg !  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness WV'u}-v^  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction U\, N  
    ^V1\boo=  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Dq%} ({+  
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        '************************************************************************* J zFR9DEt  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 4YI6&  
        '************************************************************************* O-ENFA~E;v  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) sN-u?EiF8  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity A$7K5   
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -O,:~a=*_  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ctHQZ#.[(  
        count = 0 $<XQv$YS  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count >Ik%_:CC`  
            GetOperation eID, count, op h5T~dGRlR  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 901 5PEO  
                DeleteOperation eID,count R\X;`ptT  
                count=count-1 : O@(Sv  
            End If 8+7*> FD)1  
            count=count+1 p<h(  
        Wend 7)1%Z{Dy  
    &hI!0DixX  
        'Set new shift in _t;^\"\  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" :-U& _%#w  
        op.val1 = taq #@w/S:KbJt  
        op.parent = parID qhG2j;  
        AddOperation eID, op Z_dL@\#|  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 %-$ :/ N  
    ^8bc<c:P  
        '************************************************************************* ]8OmYU%6V  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens As5l36  
        '************************************************************************* G9xO>Xp^Al  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Het>G{  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 6C"zBJcGc  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant XYD-5pG  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Z8/.I  
    R>~I8k9mM  
        '************************************************************************* v5e*R8/  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens -R1;(n)  
        '************************************************************************* vg3iT }  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ? p[Rv  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic tI^[|@,  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost pZ[|Q2(  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost N}[!QE  
    3G 5xIr6   
        '************************************************************************* R}3th/qf  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) fWWB]h  
        '************************************************************************* 1#;^ Z3  
    .X(qs1  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Khv}q.)F  
    C2zKt/)A  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) M&q~e@P  
        count = 0 `-cw[@uD  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9An \uH)mL  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Uc ,..  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then FqGMHM\J  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ~#VDJ[Z  
                count=count-1 B<Cg_C  
            End If Y`$\o  
            count=count+1 #u+qV!4  
        Wend nFI<Te^)  
    iqB%sIP  
        'Set new z-shift lgK5E *^  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" hMvJNI6O  
        op.val1 = tlens Ma(Q~G .  
        op.parent = parID *qLk'<  
        AddOperation eID, op 6@47%%,}  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Ay^P #\VZ  
    /zQx}U)TP  
        '************************************************************************* cBOK@\x:Wi  
        'Lens index of refraction c=?6`m,"M  
        '************************************************************************* |%#NA!e4wA  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) jLO$[c`;  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat L:?Ew9Lf  
    Z-_Xt^N  
        mat.Nd = nlens =;Co0Q`  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat UA]T7r@  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Pf?&ys6  
    (|<+yQ,@>  
        '************************************************************************* ypemp=+(r  
        'Pupil diameter xX{Zh;M&[  
        '************************************************************************* +eKLwM  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) zLg$|@E&  
    _(~ E8g  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) TXV^f*  
    Ku uiU= (L  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ea`6J  
    7h41E#  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "cjD-4 2  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) XN?my@_HpM  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) tu{paQ  
        count = 0 ;.=0""-IF  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count c(b`eUOO  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 9jx>&MnWs  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 7i02M~*uS  
                DeleteOperation eID,count L*4= b (3  
                count=count-1 y@2"[fo3~  
            End If U,fPG/9  
            count=count+1 +7 j/.R  
        Wend {-]K!tWda  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" saQo]6#  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 <HS{A$]  
        op.parent = parID Vu4LC&q  
        AddOperation eID, op :ec>[N~KG  
    0jxXUWO  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ZJhI|wRwD  
    e.XD5~Ax  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description i|/G!ht^e  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) usoyH0t!?  
        GetEntity eID, entity +<V$G/"  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" d|~'#:y@  
        SetEntity eID, entity on5\rY<I:@  
    gX n `!  
        Update k$#1T +(G  
        Print "DONE!" @7Ln1v  
         M _cm,|FF  
    End Sub S+mBVk"-~S  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: (6[/7e)  
    h. 4#C}> )  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ~+Cl9:4T  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm **AkpV)  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 s9+lC!!  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 a%6=sqxE  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 R `ob;>[Q  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 cf"!U+x  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 3G^A^]h  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ma) + G!  
    DONE! IC$"\7 @  
     
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