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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 rW#T vUn  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 #|``ca54B  
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    模型 .o}v#W+st  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 3=;<$+I6  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ( uidNq  
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    光源 wUM0M?_p[  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 N4HqLh23H  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 !Xw5<J3L-  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 An/|+r\  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 Ssg&QI  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 0C ,`h `  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 S`Rs82>  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 }SCM I4\  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 g< .qUBPKX  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: uFga~&#g  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 o*hF<D$Y  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 b5n'=doR/I  
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    分析 3"\lu?-E  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Q#zmf24W  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 ^pk7"l4Xm  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ufT`"i  
    7. ;3e@s  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY [}]Q?*_  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION $L]lHji  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ;sFF+^~L  
    Dim A As Double J5jvouR  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double l1Fc>:o{  
    Dim eID As Long .#pU=v#/[  
    Dim parID As Long v/=}B(TDF  
    Dim count As Integer jRV/A!4  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double SasJic2M  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double q> C'BIr  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double >[*qf9$  
    Dim ok As Long 4+ Z]3oIRE  
    (Ep\Z 6*  
    Sub Main /&94 eC  
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        '用户输入对话框 :9 ^* ^T  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Y:a]00&)#Y  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 $E.I84UfX  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 VW4r{&rS  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 HyWCMK6b  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 "'\$ g[k  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 J-hbh  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Z?QC!bWb  
        End Dialog 5XB H$&Td  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog n.0fVV-A  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) gB'6`'  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed vRO _Q?  
            Print "Execution cancelled." XOS[No~  
            End =C.$ UX  
        End If `W*U4?M  
    '."ed%=MC  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty z' >_Mc6  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then  kPLxEwl  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation /I0%Z+`=  
        Else y h9*z3  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) @I!0-OjL  
        End If FJP-y5  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then R*2E/8Ia  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter B0]~el  
        Else s!7y  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ~IN>3\j  
        End If 6~w@PRy  
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        Print " " %8~NqS|=  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" "1 M[5\Ax  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" rh}J3S5vp  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 9mTJ|sN:e  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness |8tilOqI  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens WEi2=3dV  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens z~ /` 1  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens G*P#]eO  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 7%eK37@u  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ,1o FPa{?  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction o:Sa, !DK  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation -C?ZB}`   
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        '************************************************************************* eV?2LtT#5  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) y/ ef>ZZ  
        '************************************************************************* O[JL+g4  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 7! INkH]  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ]|P iF+  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) q9r[$%G  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z |H+UOEiv,p  
        count = 0 &Ys<@M7E:  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count sN01rtB(UT  
            GetOperation eID, count, op *mvlb (' &  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [%1CRk  
                DeleteOperation eID,count D7Q$R:6|  
                count=count-1 g&Vx:fOC  
            End If Q:d]imw!O  
            count=count+1 Od,qbU4O  
        Wend pYmk1!]/  
    :(*V?WI  
        'Set new shift in )cMh0SGcM1  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" &powy7rR  
        op.val1 = taq @>Km_Ax  
        op.parent = parID 68C%B9.b'  
        AddOperation eID, op 30T)!y  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 _H7x9 y=  
    PmEsN&YP]  
        '************************************************************************* 6) [H?Q  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens N]=q|D  
        '************************************************************************* M\Ye<Tk  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [MM~H0=s  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic L2i_X@/  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant =ncVnW{  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant /dI&o,sA  
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        '************************************************************************* tGE$z]1c@  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 1FL~ndJs  
        '************************************************************************* >7T'OC  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) k|PN0&J  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ]dmrkZz:  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 5 ,B_u%bb  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ,~@X{7U  
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        '************************************************************************* '"/=f\)u  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) &>W$6>@  
        '************************************************************************* sW'AjI  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) x,@B(9No  
    |tMWCA  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) X Dm[Gc>(~  
        count = 0 /cQueUME`  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count bP$dU,@p~  
            GetOperation eID, count, op lc1(t:"[  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }t=!(GOb}  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ^Hnb }L  
                count=count-1 P90yI  
            End If 'ud{m[|  
            count=count+1 li'YDtMKCY  
        Wend $)ijN^hV  
    o!Ieb  
        'Set new z-shift 6"5A%{ J  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" {{D)YldtA  
        op.val1 = tlens "W7K"=X  
        op.parent = parID Ls$D$/:q?  
        AddOperation eID, op U} e!Wjrc  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens r,1!?s^L  
    I7vz+>Jr  
        '************************************************************************* < #}5IQ5`Z  
        'Lens index of refraction 5z8d} I  
        '************************************************************************* Fg5kX  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) HI R~"It$  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat vkx7paY_  
    $=8  NED5  
        mat.Nd = nlens *K6g\f]b#  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat qYjce]c  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens "fCu=@i  
    ll<Xz((o  
        '************************************************************************* 8:c-k|CX  
        'Pupil diameter +\c5]`  
        '************************************************************************* F|o:W75  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ;4^Rx  
    \378rQU  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) jrlVvzZ  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Jr ,;>   
    n.`($yR_  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 6ryak!|[  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dGYn4i2k?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) :0j?oY~e  
        count = 0 iwZPpl ";  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &Fzb6/  
            GetOperation eID, count, op @uqd.Q  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ? Wr+Q  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ( iBl   
                count=count-1 1MP~dRZ$  
            End If 1#V_Z^OL  
            count=count+1 \:# L)   
        Wend szZr4y<8|1  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]YnD  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 =)H.c uc  
        op.parent = parID hLd^ agX  
        AddOperation eID, op 7 S#J>*  
    *v jmy/3  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 55nlg>j  
    JgKO|VO  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description -LoZs ru  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) RE7?KR>  
        GetEntity eID, entity uB]7G0g:  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ~:rl=o}  
        SetEntity eID, entity Z58 X5"  
    {3>$[bT  
        Update Xy|So|/bKd  
        Print "DONE!" IXMop7~  
         jH5 k  
    End Sub \%JgH=@ :=  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: EnKR%Ctw  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters }W C[$Y_@  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm [64:4/<}  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 'Vzp2  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 T] f ;km  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ?(' wn<  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 zsEc(  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 G}9Jg  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 .;y.]Z/;  
    DONE! m)ky*"(  
     
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