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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 2;A].5>l  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。  IF uz'  
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    模型 z"R-Sme  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 .' #_Z.zr  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. %U'YOE6  
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    光源 o XA*K.X<  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 3:!+B=woR  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 0IxXhu6v  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 #R@{Bu=C  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 we!}"'E;  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 <1>\?$)D  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Em-88=X O  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ggfL d r  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 '*|Wi}0R  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: =.f]OWehu.  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 s9?klJg  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Tt<Ry'Z$3  
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    分析 t?iCq1  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 I#tn/\n  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 ^ 1}_VB)^  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ]^uO3!+  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 1$]4g/":o  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 4Bsx[~ u&  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 3~iIo&NZ  
    Dim A As Double sFqZ@t}~  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double -y;SR+  
    Dim eID As Long WgF Xv@Jjt  
    Dim parID As Long e?rp$kq7  
    Dim count As Integer eYLeytF]Uy  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ^&>(_I\w.6  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double dq?{?~3  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double X!KjRP\\  
    Dim ok As Long a=>PGriL  
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    Sub Main O'a Srjl  
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        '用户输入对话框 BrcT`MM[(=  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 n.Iu|,?q  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 c&vY0/ [  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 GSj04-T"  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 tG+ E'OP  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ?{ns1nW:  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 PBc.}TSGj  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 `VM@-;@w  
        End Dialog rf?Q# KM\W  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Nz %{T  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) #Y6'Q8g f  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed F$T@OT6  
            Print "Execution cancelled." $)t ]av  
            End Uax[Zh[Cg  
        End If Au(zvgP  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty r*'a-2A u  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then p}_n :a  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 8DHohhN  
        Else Pi7vuOJr8  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) OLp;eb1g  
        End If X;25G  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then h.+{cOA;n  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter tCH4-~,#  
        Else oU[Ba8qh  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) f6@fi`U ,  
        End If Wm!lWQu7  
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        Print " " 4Rj;lAlwB  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" S?_/Po|  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" z9OhY]PPF  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation  mkH {%7n  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness C":i56  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens +iKs)s_~  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens <,/k"Y=  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens baJ(Iy$XT  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens r,F~Vwa}  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness *9V;;bY#  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction .PjJ g^^  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation `\!oY;jk  
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        '************************************************************************* 6b& <5,=d:  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 4wfT8CL  
        '************************************************************************* RW19I,d  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &+F|v(|r  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity f`Km ctI  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /O@'XWW  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z fu3~W  
        count = 0 \GA6;6%Oo  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Mle@.IIT  
            GetOperation eID, count, op kT|{5Kn&s  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then S-)mv'Al'F  
                DeleteOperation eID,count q:2Vw`g'  
                count=count-1 `U:W(\L  
            End If v,6  
            count=count+1 d:KUJ Y.  
        Wend 1e=<df  
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        'Set new shift in nT UKA  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" [Y@?l]&  
        op.val1 = taq o#(z*v@  
        op.parent = parID m|mY_t  
        AddOperation eID, op }Ej^M~Vv  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 |0!oSNJ  
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        '************************************************************************* Vq[L4  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens :|%dV}j  
        '************************************************************************* k&Z3v.  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) p4} ,xQzB  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic N 6CWEIJ  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant |a!AgvNF  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant _"BYnPq@wb  
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        '************************************************************************* aDJ\%  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens c;\}R#  
        '************************************************************************* M9mC\Iz[  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ]7H ?  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 4=]CAO=O  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost P bR6>'  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost zk)9tm;i{  
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        '************************************************************************* hVvPI1[2  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) pz'l9Gp;@  
        '************************************************************************* $i# 1<Qj  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 7MX nt5qUh  
    Xy_ <Yqx}  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) B o@B9/ABv  
        count = 0 ;Od;q]G7L  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count P(z#Wk  
            GetOperation eID, count, op We^! (G  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Y yI4T/0s_  
                DeleteOperation eID,count R-xWZRl>  
                count=count-1 D9OI ",h  
            End If T<!&6,N A  
            count=count+1 I]S8:w![  
        Wend Fi8'3/q-^  
    NzRpI5\.  
        'Set new z-shift JryCL]  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" XS!mtd<q  
        op.val1 = tlens TF)OBN~/  
        op.parent = parID tx-HY<  
        AddOperation eID, op etY/K0  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens GWs[a$|  
    -49z.(@ki  
        '************************************************************************* n}8J-/(|+  
        'Lens index of refraction y1DP`Ro  
        '************************************************************************* 7 S^iGe  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) zP\n<L5  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 9Q 4m9}  
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        mat.Nd = nlens XqD/~_z;  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat &"bcI7uGT  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens XY(3!>/eQ[  
    >BC?% |l  
        '************************************************************************* @=KuoIV  
        'Pupil diameter X2 {n&K  
        '************************************************************************* 5l"EQ9  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) B1]5%B  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole)  Lb# e  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" w6F'rsko]  
    Qz*!jwg  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens a}N m;5K  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Fv n:V\eb  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 9Vp|a&Ana  
        count = 0 p1B~:9y9X  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count L,Jl# S  
            GetOperation eID, count, op PCl@Ff  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then G\8ps ~3T  
                DeleteOperation eID,count (<?6X9F:N  
                count=count-1 ;k6>*wFl|!  
            End If &h=O;?dO  
            count=count+1 ^WDAW#f*<  
        Wend }kg?A oo  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ; z_ZZ(W  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 b2OVg +3  
        op.parent = parID LM:|Kydp3  
        AddOperation eID, op J)O1)fR  
    nZ?BC O  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam e|:#Y^  
    vywd&7gK  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description # 4E@y<l$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >sAZT:&gv  
        GetEntity eID, entity 9W$d'IA  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" (P;z* "q  
        SetEntity eID, entity G{*m] 0Q  
    +hdD*}qauC  
        Update *hI  
        Print "DONE!"  j{,3!  
         sW)C6 #  
    End Sub %1Gat6V<'  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: bSmF"H0cP  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters / H+br_D9  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm g0ec-  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 6Q]c]cCu  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 h?wNmLre  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 fI"q/+  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 k)D:lpxv  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 O_8ERxj g]  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 {~DYf*RZ  
    DONE! T.kmoLlH  
     
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