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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 fEw=I7{Y  
    x:?a;muf  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 |^PLZ>  
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    模型 U7"BlT!V\  
    @\T;PTD-  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 J/x@$'  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. J,1osG<6x  
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    光源 W>0"CUp  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 (eRKR2% q  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 v<%kd[N  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 qqe2,X?  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ~n/Aq*  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 L-z ;:Ztk  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 8jjFC9Cbn0  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 2Io6s '  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 Hwp{<  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ^XBzZ!h|  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 (T|TEt  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ym|NT0_0  
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    分析 |DE%SVZB  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 skIiJ'db  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 (*6 m^  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. g@~!kh,TH  
    S \e& ?Y`  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 4M}|/?<Br  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 7G5y)Qb  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL HDmx@E.@  
    Dim A As Double y=AsgJ  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double jt{9e:2%  
    Dim eID As Long KVB0IXZC~  
    Dim parID As Long "l@A[@R  
    Dim count As Integer #:J: YMv  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double /O|:{LQ  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 7\A4vUI3  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double D~#Ei?aH  
    Dim ok As Long t;8\fIW5  
    _1^8xFe2  
    Sub Main AGOx@;w  
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        '用户输入对话框 7J9l.cM3  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 RU2c*q$^X  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 gmh5 %2M  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 2fl4h<V  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 yu)q4C7ek  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 bfgz1 `u  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 @}<"N  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 t5.`! 3EO  
        End Dialog c juZB Fl  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog yN*:.al  
    |G(1[RNu  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) =/FF1jQ  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed "EoDQT"0  
            Print "Execution cancelled." xXX/]x>  
            End *5'.!g('  
        End If 4j> fI)FUW  
    5m4DS:&  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 3{"byfO#%  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then g \Wj+el}  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation x97L6!  
        Else 9)`amhf>  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ncv7t|ZN  
        End If -G9|n#zCU  
    5[C~wvO  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then W>B^S  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter n~tqO!q  
        Else 79ckLd9  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) =SAV|  
        End If B'-I{~'/  
    "O*x' XhN  
        Print " " #'@i lk/.  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters"  1,,|MW  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" #^6^  
    X7aYpt;  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 3HZ~.  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness {Oj7  
    d?A}qA[(  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens k=[pm5ZvT~  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens @%1IkvJV  
     ~,"N[Q  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 4KXc~eF[M"  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ,_jC$  
    c%z'xM  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness J8?2R^;{  
    .2.qR,"j  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction BkawL,  
    1<.5ub*i4  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation h >-'-Hx+  
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        '************************************************************************* ^T6S()G  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) oFCgu{\kt  
        '************************************************************************* 0:"2MSf>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 7(bQ}mHl\  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity Q&CElx?L  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) hmpr%(c`  
    ~S*b  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z |a-fE]{7  
        count = 0 ZF6c{~D  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @MiH(.Dq  
            GetOperation eID, count, op HeLG?6  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "Y;}G lE  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Qd]we$ G  
                count=count-1 _V2xA88  
            End If .5w azvA  
            count=count+1 =Mj 0:rW  
        Wend ;),"M{"v  
    ^{F_ a  
        'Set new shift in ! zL1;d  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" eF~dQ4RZ  
        op.val1 = taq =2Cj,[$  
        op.parent = parID x|i_P|Z  
        AddOperation eID, op m&*JMA;^  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 I9?Ec6a_  
    Fh8lmOL;?  
        '************************************************************************* w(9*7pp  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ;"kaF!  
        '************************************************************************* t$J.+}}I  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) T 2F6)e  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic %Ip*Kq-  
    W/fuKGZi_  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant y7/F _{  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant YJ_\Ns+Ow  
    .iG&Lw\,  
        '************************************************************************* k&/OU:7Y  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens "%qzj93>  
        '************************************************************************* 5T@aCC@$h  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) "4o=,$E=  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic A1 "SLFY  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost `=UWqb(K_  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost a5Y IUVCv  
    I%j_"r9-I  
        '************************************************************************* l12{fpm  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) W,XTF  
        '************************************************************************* Fv74bC %  
    q_kdCO{:df  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Wp)*Mbq@  
    99xEm  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) H+E$:)gN  
        count = 0 !3X0FNGq  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count PjKEC N  
            GetOperation eID, count, op |`TgX@,#9  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then XI<L;  
                DeleteOperation eID,count x'<K\qp{{  
                count=count-1 i|`dWOVb  
            End If $+p?Y)h .  
            count=count+1 Fz#X= gmG  
        Wend f| _u7"OX  
    t>=fTkB  
        'Set new z-shift VTy9_~q  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" El\%E"Tk%  
        op.val1 = tlens 7lV.[&aKW  
        op.parent = parID I$q]. B  
        AddOperation eID, op wX  >*H  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens I9h ?;(  
    jTO), v:w  
        '************************************************************************* Od f[*  
        'Lens index of refraction (T`E!A0I\?  
        '************************************************************************* 2 3OC2|  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Xtt ? ]  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat Bn@(zHG+5&  
    }\J2?Et{  
        mat.Nd = nlens fU=B4V4@  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat YIw1  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens x }Ad_#q  
    PB;eHy  
        '************************************************************************* 1-lu\"H`  
        'Pupil diameter  (x/k.&  
        '************************************************************************* VD_$$Gn*q  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 2hzsKkrA {  
    _ODbY;M  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) _S>JKz  
    (L^]Lk x)  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" lpz2 m\  
    'Ut7{rZ5  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 0lhVqy}:}o  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 89r DyRJ;  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) /p8dZ+X  
        count = 0 %CK^Si%+  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ZK>WW  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ` ,SiA-3*  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  }Y;K~J  
                DeleteOperation eID,count |PC*=ykT3  
                count=count-1 |yx6X{$k  
            End If xlQBe-Wg  
            count=count+1 YW7b)u Yf  
        Wend #B4%|v;`E?  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8- 2cRs  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 <J^MCqp!v  
        op.parent = parID 6Vz9?puD  
        AddOperation eID, op zux{S; :?  
    l<A|d{"]  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam oH_;4QU4y  
    |UX(+; n  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ax(c#  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2 B  
        GetEntity eID, entity *s:(jDlv  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 6_FE4RR[  
        SetEntity eID, entity YJ\Xj56gv  
    ljb7oA3cP4  
        Update 3.*8)NW  
        Print "DONE!" 0N $v"uX@  
         dw*_(ys  
    End Sub !O<)\ )|g  
    b45-:mi!&#  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ~^1{B\I  
    "thdPZ  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ~vyf4TF<#  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm oM>Z;QVRC:  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 5yP\I+Fm  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ?!` /m|"  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 |>dI/_'  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 UWd=!h^dt  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 E&[{4Ml  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 )8$=C#qC[  
    DONE! sM `DL  
     
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