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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 T+RfMEdr  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 _=8x?fC:rl  
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    模型 oj[Wzeg%  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 <e)3 j6F!  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 2t*@P"e!  
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    光源 G)M9to  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 OcwD<Xy  
    -(ABQgSO]  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 F2:?lmhL<  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 SZea[~ &  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 u+~Ta  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 1zl6Rwk^o  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 JF IUD{>fp  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ]4ya$%A  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 a= +qR:wT  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: `B}( Ln  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 %qfql  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 DJ2EV^D+P  
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    分析 A]id*RtY  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 gBA UrY%]  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 +1zCb=;!{  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. L1 1/XpR  
    \BOZhXfl'  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY p,.+i[V  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION BWamF{\d1a  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL *,A?lX,9A  
    Dim A As Double BFmd`#{l  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double uO%G,b  
    Dim eID As Long z=J%-Hq>  
    Dim parID As Long D<B/oSy  
    Dim count As Integer q-P$ \":  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ![YLY&}s  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double sDL@e33Yb  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Yq-Nk:H|  
    Dim ok As Long lS&$86Jo(  
    {%.FIw k  
    Sub Main k7yQEU  
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        '用户输入对话框 P$?3\`U;  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ~0aWjMc(>  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Hg\+:}k&9  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 xs_l+/cZ  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 mZDL=p  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ;$gZ?&  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 (F@.o1No%  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 `@eo <6  
        End Dialog Xo]QV.n  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog a "uO0LOb  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) P[6@1  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed '~Uo+<v$w  
            Print "Execution cancelled." a=}JW]  
            End teh$W<C  
        End If `oQ)qa_  
    q|,cMPS3  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty gU1E6V-Jm  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then o%_MTCANy  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation M il ![A1  
        Else <Hw)},_*  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) q y"VrR  
        End If d1$3~Xl]  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then #n&/yYl9(l  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter _X5@%/Vz  
        Else 0T-y]&uo  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) GjlA\R^e  
        End If HPJ\]HV(  
    &iCE/  
        Print " " )f(.{M  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ljg2P5  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" FRa@T N/Ic  
    <j"}EEb^  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation mv9k_7<  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness wT/TQEgz  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 8l,`~jvU!*  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ivL}\~L  
    ~xI1@^ r  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens OL+dx`Y  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 3J t_=!qlo  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness g}HB|$P7  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction e45gjjts  
    hm#S4/=#  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation \\;i  
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        '************************************************************************* ($a ?zJr  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Pp-\#WJ  
        '************************************************************************* ~<b/%l>h1  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]iu}5]?)  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity (bEX"U-  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) a#H2H`%  
    vd>K=! J  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z n#@/A  
        count = 0 Da_8Q(XFe  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count !O=?n<Ex"  
            GetOperation eID, count, op _hP siZY9  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then mEi+Tj zp  
                DeleteOperation eID,count e1Kxqw7  
                count=count-1 ;A^0="x&  
            End If yKE[,"  
            count=count+1 1,cd[^`.  
        Wend / S  
    -dX{ R_*  
        'Set new shift in scmn-4j'{  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" mmk]Doy?#  
        op.val1 = taq d D6I @N)X  
        op.parent = parID a& >(*PQ  
        AddOperation eID, op m)G=4kK52-  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 >:W7f2%8`  
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        '************************************************************************* f:$LVpXS-  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens w)x`zVwO  
        '************************************************************************* 7U=|>)Q0s  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) K:}~8 P>^  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ogN/zIU+VA  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant mNcoR^(VN  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ;zy[xg.7  
    U?/UW;k[  
        '************************************************************************* f1R&Q  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens u<8 f ;C_  
        '************************************************************************* Jvi"K  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @NBWNgBv  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $'$#Xn,hU  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Vp3 9`m-W  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost f"XFf@!  
    U3SF'r8  
        '************************************************************************* /<Nb/#8  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) J &,N1B  
        '************************************************************************* -VK 6Fq  
    iG<rB-"  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Dd+ f,$  
    SB5DL_q  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) cv fh:~L  
        count = 0 hK=\O)  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count CbK&.a  
            GetOperation eID, count, op $V"NB`T  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then n^QOGT.s6`  
                DeleteOperation eID,count )tQG5.to  
                count=count-1 7mulNq  
            End If f'/@h Na3  
            count=count+1 DJl06-s V  
        Wend a/@<KnT  
    COS(pfC  
        'Set new z-shift yQwj [  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" XQEGMaZ  
        op.val1 = tlens j7;v'eA`;7  
        op.parent = parID |_l\.  
        AddOperation eID, op GD1=Fb"&)  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 3Rid 1;L0U  
    uM0!,~&9|  
        '************************************************************************* '[shY  
        'Lens index of refraction #plwK-tPR  
        '************************************************************************* 5,:tjn  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) zUn> )#ZC  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat rI&GM |  
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        mat.Nd = nlens 7Dy\-9:v  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat +Ux)m4}j  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 9IL#\:d1  
    S=O/W(ZB  
        '************************************************************************* &]~z-0`$!  
        'Pupil diameter 7 q<UJIf  
        '************************************************************************* U*8;ZXi  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) STgl{#  
    8$avPD3jx  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) mwFI89J'  
    jY-i`rJN  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ZTG*|  
    }~lF Rf  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 52B ye   
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #bPio  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) {! RW*B  
        count = 0 gf+Kr02~  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &Pt|  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 7Z>u|L($m  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 76[aOC2Ad  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Ygn"7  
                count=count-1 [!{*)4$6  
            End If 3+m#v8h1  
            count=count+1 h$ M+Yo+  
        Wend !@-j!Ub  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Vn1kC  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 k%QhF]  
        op.parent = parID 1?HUXN#,  
        AddOperation eID, op (c(c MC'  
    ZZTPAmIr  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam +S M $#  
    'DF3|A],  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description , j ,[4^  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) A <iF37.  
        GetEntity eID, entity ?[Q;275  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 9A\J*OU  
        SetEntity eID, entity H;s0|KRgJ  
    pRXA!QfO  
        Update cl2@p@av  
        Print "DONE!" J{$C}8V  
         /woa[7Xe  
    End Sub sCaw"{5qc  
    [8Ub#<]]  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: tjOfekU  
    ksY^w+>(!  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters {AIP\  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ` e~/  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 U*/  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 =,-80WNsX  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 [?W3XUJ,Y  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 m&,d8Gss^  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 I Jq$GR  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 [x!T<jJ  
    DONE! u4$d#0sA  
     
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