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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 2\{/|\  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 1N),k5I  
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    模型 e[k\VYj[  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 4=q4_ \_T  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. #p"F$@N   
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    光源 tQj=m_  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 $I`,nN  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 G]l/L\{  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 s,J\nbj0h  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 %.[AZ>  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 #~*v*F~3  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 [Qkj}  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ,vi6<C\  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 C 1HNcfa7  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: \XY2s&"  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Y0'~u+KS`5  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 b4^a zY  
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    分析 pv|D{39Hs  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 iaJN~m\ M  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 ;hDIoSz  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. kJXy )  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY %]DJ-7 xE  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION +DT)7 koA  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Qa16x<Xlm  
    Dim A As Double vP<8 ,XG  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double h1_KZ[X  
    Dim eID As Long wCr+/" t  
    Dim parID As Long e3&.RrA  
    Dim count As Integer $/i;UUd  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ~f2-%~  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double vw q Y;7  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 6v -2(Y  
    Dim ok As Long .=b)Ae c  
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    Sub Main ?6^KY+ 5`C  
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        '用户输入对话框 F[|aDj@q e  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 CI?M2\<g  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 wmS:*U2sc  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 q(@hYp#O"3  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 5E|/n(  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Z"<tEOs/En  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Oz,/y3_  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 UD r@  
        End Dialog Q_R&+@ju  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog *j= whdw%J  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) +l$BUX  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ddjaM/.E  
            Print "Execution cancelled." VJ(#FA2  
            End Z4Qq#iHZR  
        End If ('p~h-9Vi  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ~lLIq!!\  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then M>g\Y  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation NvfQa6?;  
        Else P\H$*6v(  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) O%kX=6  
        End If |P]>[}mD  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then f~? MNJ2  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 2^7VDqLc  
        Else 4jl-?  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) `H6kC$^Ofx  
        End If E|d 8vt  
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        Print " " qMe$Qr8  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" p9)'nU'\t  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" W`-AN}C#  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation T/&4lJ^2l^  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness v [ 4J0  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens @ zE>n  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 0xM\+R~,  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens bEE'50 D  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 2 -uL  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness <x),HTJ  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 0ZXG{Gp9S  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation =5jX#Dc5.+  
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        '************************************************************************* bi bjFg   
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) t .&YD x  
        '************************************************************************* Q!:J.J  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gI qYIt  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity nDS mr  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) z5v)~+"1  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z a 8Jn.!  
        count = 0 S& % G B  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count DUxj^,mf,  
            GetOperation eID, count, op &C+pen) Z  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then LuB-9[^<  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 7 p(^I*|  
                count=count-1 mpBSd+ ;Z  
            End If g jJ?*N[  
            count=count+1 k ckWBL  
        Wend eEkF Zx  
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        'Set new shift in %+U.zd$  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?A /+DRQ(  
        op.val1 = taq ((TiBCF4  
        op.parent = parID HgP9evz,0  
        AddOperation eID, op 7c9-MP)  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 S$Tc\ /{  
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        '************************************************************************* ++Qg5FukR  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -gl7mO*  
        '************************************************************************* W~J@v@..4  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) jiMI&cl  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 18pi3i[  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant i w<2|]>l  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant mYf7?I~  
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        '************************************************************************* ML!Z m[I9  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 4~8++b1/;  
        '************************************************************************* pt&(c[  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) GpV"KVJJ/  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic  q[#2`  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ~{hcJ:bI  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost r7r>1W%4  
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        '************************************************************************* 3zU!5t g  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) <J4|FOz!=  
        '************************************************************************* st"uD\L1p:  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ?r"'JO.w  
    S+G!o]&2  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) y~CK&[H  
        count = 0 *Y'@|xf*  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count &R:$h*Wt|  
            GetOperation eID, count, op #E%0 o  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then A` x_M!m  
                DeleteOperation eID,count fX=o,=-f  
                count=count-1 Sdl1k+u  
            End If :|3n`,  
            count=count+1 C=& 7V  
        Wend j] \3>.  
    F3$@6J8<[z  
        'Set new z-shift ]5X=u(}  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" OTs vox|(  
        op.val1 = tlens #%t&f"j2  
        op.parent = parID IKx]?0sS  
        AddOperation eID, op aV?dy4o$  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens <<}t&qE%2%  
    QZ!;` ?(  
        '************************************************************************* !iBe/yb  
        'Lens index of refraction x#ub % t  
        '************************************************************************* c+:LDc3!Gb  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) fG2hCP+  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat t .*z)N  
    Ff xf!zS  
        mat.Nd = nlens =~M%zdIXv  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 5}d"nx  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens }!=}g|z#|  
    :td#zM  
        '************************************************************************* `NqX{26GV+  
        'Pupil diameter \8v{9Yb  
        '************************************************************************* 0J-]  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) /XtpGk_1)  
    PMER~}^  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) H4[];&]xr  
    #w\Bc\  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" T=6fZ;7  
    P%`|Tu!B  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens fx &b*O C  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) zs! }P  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) +DMD g.  
        count = 0 y5;l?v94  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count X=O}k&  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Q>qx? g  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then U40adP? a  
                DeleteOperation eID,count zrD];DP  
                count=count-1 r[>4b}4s  
            End If )NG{iD{_]  
            count=count+1 (#6E{@eq  
        Wend m/W0vPM 1  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Rv R ,V  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 MRzrZZ%LQ  
        op.parent = parID 9GdQ$^m  
        AddOperation eID, op 9Yih%d,  
    ;4DqtR"7Y  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam "YLH]9"=  
    Xq"@Z  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description =Kdd+g!  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) A#&Q(g\YE  
        GetEntity eID, entity tEEeek(!  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" o(iv=(o  
        SetEntity eID, entity |~Q`D dkX  
    JN;92|x  
        Update UO%Vu C5B  
        Print "DONE!" !Gwf"-TQ  
         @R+bR<}]  
    End Sub d0(GE4+/  
    y>+xdD0 +  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: c-S_{~~  
    XI6LPA0%  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters @bu5{b+8  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 9d ZE#l!Q  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 qucw%hJr  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 =Rnx!E  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 xgl~4  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 "X/cG9Lw  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 =\v./Q-  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ]KX _a1e  
    DONE! "]BefvE  
     
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