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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 <lRjh7  
    pwA~?$B1  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 e1ExB#  
    bj@f<f`  
    模型 ~eXI}KhBw6  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 JHJ]BMm  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    tV2o9!N4  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. B_"PFWwg  
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    光源 43*;"w=  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 cvjZ$Fcc%(  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 RG_6& A  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 )gk tI!  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 'wo}1^V  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 CJ6vS  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 8o466m6/  
    QiNLE'19^  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 I:YE6${k!  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 <WL] (-9I:  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: rfV{+^T;  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 &H2j3De  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Us3zvpy)o  
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    分析 jm[f|4\  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 0<nW nD,z  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 WmE4TL^8?  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. <@;bxSUx  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY X @X`,/{X  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION \<\147&)r  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL '<AE%i,  
    Dim A As Double 5?TX.h9B4  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double fF. +{-.  
    Dim eID As Long Xet} J@C  
    Dim parID As Long VgMuX3=  
    Dim count As Integer Cf@N>N#t)  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 6. vwK3\>~  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 1:4u]$@E  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ZC)m&V 1  
    Dim ok As Long |Rb8 / WX  
    aQV?}  
    Sub Main $Y%,?>AL<  
    !iUT Re  
        '用户输入对话框 }1NNXxQ  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 * K0aR!  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 _w7yfZLv+  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 yg"FF:^T  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 K\5/||gi  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Q1x=@lXR  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 1z@{ 4)  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 v=-T3 n  
        End Dialog 3*eS<n[uG  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ;Ehv1{;  
    $Eo-58<q  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) {Vf].l:kn  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed :v^OdW  
            Print "Execution cancelled." I%CrsEo  
            End P#AS")Sj  
        End If 'NDr$Qc3  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty gVs@T'  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then aQ0pYk~(  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation l$C Y gm  
        Else %5j*e  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) B%z+\<3^q  
        End If {G{ >Qa|  
    }zrapL"9X  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 4C9k0]k2  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter _Pn 1n  
        Else UFyk%#L  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) |^OK@KdL1  
        End If LVJn2t^  
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        Print " " 4 Z&KR<2Z  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" mH )i  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" p-,Bq!aG$  
    , jCE hb  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation @R;&PR#5  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness U=[isi+7  
    }`]Et99Q5  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens F:LrQu  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Am#Pa,g  
    euET)Ccq  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ^O&&QRH~w  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens RJdijj  
    Xl E0oN~{  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness '|G8yojz  
    J#\oc@  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction [ic%ZoZ_  
    Xi!e=5&Pa  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation u"DE?  
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        '************************************************************************* c9+yU~(  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 3]kN9n{  
        '************************************************************************* [ZS.6{vr  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~gg&G~ ET  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity rv2;)3/*  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Nf}i /  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 877Kv);  
        count = 0 T/jxsIt3  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  I^G6aw  
            GetOperation eID, count, op %I@ vMs^  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ul!q)cPb{  
                DeleteOperation eID,count \ !IEZ  
                count=count-1 o 80x@ &A:  
            End If C#L|7M??;  
            count=count+1 6Y9<| .  
        Wend {"db1Gbfg  
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        'Set new shift in ulfs Z:  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" chM-YuN|  
        op.val1 = taq Ti>}To}B5  
        op.parent = parID 6xu%M&ht  
        AddOperation eID, op 7t+H94KG7  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 R#s_pW{op  
    18]Q4s8E  
        '************************************************************************* 6rlvSdB  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens l|M|;5TW  
        '************************************************************************* \8USFN~(Y  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Mo4c8wp&SM  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic A>\3FeU>UC  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant fyxc4-D  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant zo@,>'m  
    uxL3 8d]  
        '************************************************************************* )))AxgM  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Hro)m"  
        '************************************************************************* W!1 B~NH#  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) V@K^9R,|  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >L$9fn/J  
    W9{y1,G9  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost .GWN~iR(  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ?\zyeWK0L  
    hPUZ{#;n  
        '************************************************************************* |*L/ m0'L  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) qBZ;S3  
        '************************************************************************* C#RueDa.  
    4v2JrC;  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) TJuS)AZ C  
    rym*W\AWx  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 2~h Q   
        count = 0 1 /SB[[g  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 1U ='"  
            GetOperation eID, count, op y|3!E>Up  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^[v>B@p*{  
                DeleteOperation eID,count }MtORqK  
                count=count-1 #*3 vE& p  
            End If +y][s{A  
            count=count+1 %m$t'?  
        Wend sR| /s3;  
    :)Da^V  
        'Set new z-shift 4 &0MB>m  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" )2r_EO@3HP  
        op.val1 = tlens am/D$ (l1  
        op.parent = parID !RN9wXS7  
        AddOperation eID, op =UxKa`  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ?yA 2N;  
    -#g0  
        '************************************************************************* k0xm-  
        'Lens index of refraction B&}lYo  
        '************************************************************************* Zm#,Ike?#  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) |^#Z!Hp_Y  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat {wD "|K  
    t`1~5#?Du(  
        mat.Nd = nlens B'6(Ao=3/  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat =-G4 BQ  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ~-~iCIaTb  
    D?"Q)kVuD  
        '************************************************************************* w# ;t$qz}  
        'Pupil diameter Po.izE!C  
        '************************************************************************* YW"nPZNPy~  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) EDg; s-T=  
    =E&1e;_xlE  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) A \Z_br  
    fg GTm:   
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 7s;*vd>  
    UiZ1$d*  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "rw'mogRL  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) oB+@05m8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `U{#;  
        count = 0 >9[wjB2?}  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count E,[v%Xw   
            GetOperation eID, count, op $ccCI \  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Bhe0z|&  
                DeleteOperation eID,count s_6Iz^]I  
                count=count-1 ) 3I|6iS  
            End If h5[.G!  
            count=count+1 'A/ f>W  
        Wend T"E%;'(cp)  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ky{C;7X  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 KzB9 mMrO  
        op.parent = parID +b{tk=Q:  
        AddOperation eID, op `>`{DEDx{5  
    5NMju!/  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam "mcuF]7F  
    d^`n/"Ice  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description xic&m5j m  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;AT~?o`n  
        GetEntity eID, entity !XY}\zKq  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" N0fmC*1-  
        SetEntity eID, entity 3 FLht L  
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        Update dj3E20Ws  
        Print "DONE!" 2X=*;r"{J  
         m_UzmWF  
    End Sub 5I5#LQv0  
    -yY]0  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ))uki*UNK  
    %UCuI9  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters !r+SE  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm *w1R>  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 s?&UFyYb,  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 `R:HMO[ow  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 1@Rl^ey  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 w5mSoK b  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 k7bfgb {  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 BEii:05  
    DONE! yzJTNLff  
     
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