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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 .f-=gZ* *  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 MO7R3PP  
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    模型 Q{950$ )L  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 )qbkKCq/FB  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. L{8_6s(:  
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    光源 !Pnjr T  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 u|Mx}  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 Y01! D"{\  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 _r\M}lDh*  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 N=2T~M 1  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 (iir,Ks2C  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Wmcd{MOS  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 naf ~#==vc  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 04|ZwX$>+  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: PZ8,E{V  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 [ZSC]w^  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 &F~d~;G"q  
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    分析 Zhfg  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 r4 *H96l  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 'A:Y&w"r  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. lF!PiL  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY diJpbR^JP  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION mk1R~4v  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL LsERcjwwK  
    Dim A As Double S^p b9~  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 3i!a\N4 K  
    Dim eID As Long hTn"/|_SW  
    Dim parID As Long "73y}'  
    Dim count As Integer %[*-aA  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double )9yQ C  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double +-|""`I1I  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double LQPQ !):;  
    Dim ok As Long "{D/a7]lC  
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    Sub Main ]z^jz#>um&  
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        '用户输入对话框 .-rz30xT  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 kb2C 9<  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 n&;JW6VQS  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 *P*~CHx>  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 G^)]FwTs  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 l.pxDMY  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 _D4qnb@  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ' /HShS!d  
        End Dialog Vp]7n!g4l  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog !ZUUn*e{5  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) n>.@@  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -&2Z/qM&!  
            Print "Execution cancelled." +j<WP  
            End  mU4(MjP?  
        End If ZzE(S  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ck] I?  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then I*a@_EO  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation e x Z/  
        Else <<d#  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) D*-  
        End If S&UP;oc  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 8wkhbD|;  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter xFp$JN  
        Else 2K>1,[C'Z  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) n+=qT$w)  
        End If ?+hEs =Xs  
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        Print " " p)B /(%  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" [x{$f7CEh  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" i. 6b%  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation x*z&#[(0g!  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness FA-cTF[,(  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens kfas4mkc  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens s*g qKQ;  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ,4"N7_!7  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 2EM6k|l5  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness A-4;$ QSm  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ^)]U5+g?  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation hev;M)t  
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        '************************************************************************* Ti)Me-g  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) =|AYT6z,  
        '************************************************************************* b EcN_7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) If'2 m_  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ZbT$f^o}M]  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6ZE`'pk<  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z tm5{h{AM  
        count = 0 )lLeL#]FLO  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count fmK~?  
            GetOperation eID, count, op AcuZ? LYzK  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then pdJ]V`m  
                DeleteOperation eID,count yH" i5L9  
                count=count-1 Q SF0?Puf  
            End If (]cL5o9  
            count=count+1 Z#@  
        Wend U:8] G  
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        'Set new shift in A"pQOtrm\k  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" mmJnE  
        op.val1 = taq j|pTbOgk%  
        op.parent = parID Qqg.z-G%.  
        AddOperation eID, op ~.3v\Q  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 a6 vej  
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        '************************************************************************* AR( gI]1  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens C[%Qg=<  
        '************************************************************************* d@ 8M_ O |  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) QB X EM=  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic D*2*FDGI  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant XcT!4xG0  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant $=diG  
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        '************************************************************************* _D}3``  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 8<}=f4vUj5  
        '************************************************************************* EGgw#JAi#t  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) nZnqXclzxn  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic hNh!H<}|m8  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 7~+Fec`Ut*  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ?3K~4-!? /  
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        '************************************************************************* l4i 51S"  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) <QvVPE}z   
        '************************************************************************* }Fu1Y@M%  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) D$4GNeB+#  
    "{~FEx4  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) zAM9%W2v_  
        count = 0 AJ>E\DK0]  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count V0 {#q/q  
            GetOperation eID, count, op @&m]:GR  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kOo  Vqu  
                DeleteOperation eID,count mD7NQ2:wA  
                count=count-1 \^,Jh|T  
            End If j;uUM6  
            count=count+1 p@~Y[a =  
        Wend 8K 9HFT@yV  
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        'Set new z-shift 2~hdJ/  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" SujEF` "  
        op.val1 = tlens Pi=FnS  
        op.parent = parID MkFWZ9c3  
        AddOperation eID, op Txo{6nd/  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens $:5h5Y#z  
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        '************************************************************************* 2m*ugBO;  
        'Lens index of refraction t)8c rX}P  
        '************************************************************************* 0^Ldw)C"  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) i#YDdz  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 4w%hvJ  
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        mat.Nd = nlens .(Ux1.0C  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 5YPIv-  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens hoBFC1  
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        '************************************************************************* rMWvW(@@D  
        'Pupil diameter PT,*KYF_O"  
        '************************************************************************* Bi fI.2|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 7ojh=imY  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) YRZw|H{>t  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 7>7n|N  
    n}Thc6f3D  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens mhIGunK;+  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) H"pYj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) vQXF$/S  
        count = 0 Jt8M;Yk  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count uq:'`o-1  
            GetOperation eID, count, op hHw1<! M  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;/m>c{  
                DeleteOperation eID,count S WsD]rn  
                count=count-1 3H"F~_H  
            End If T2W^4)  
            count=count+1 T;3~teVYB  
        Wend vA*NJ%&`  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" *sfz+8Y  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 v/KTEM  
        op.parent = parID FGwgSrXL7  
        AddOperation eID, op QKz2ONV=)  
    z5:3.+M5  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ?1]B(V9nBq  
    nYRD>S?uz  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description `n|k+tsC  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $[=`*m  
        GetEntity eID, entity R<h0RKiM@  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" NVC$8imip  
        SetEntity eID, entity U/(R_U>=  
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        Update \BsvUGd  
        Print "DONE!" hW c M.  
         =(k0^ #++G  
    End Sub m} =<@b:l  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: |4Q><6"G  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 7xT<|3 I  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm wIbc8ze  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ~u-`L+G"6  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 483vFLnF  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 pm;g)p?  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ':]w  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 z!j`Qoh?V9  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 %^ E>~  
    DONE! U(qM( E  
     
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