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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 :d`8:gv?  
    99mo]1_  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 lV )SOs$  
    A_}%YHb  
    模型 c:f++||  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 U.0bbr  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    WC ZDS>  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. K" U!SWv  
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    光源 /ar/4\b  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 VjhwafYC  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 VN[i;4o:|  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 eH y.<VX  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 eVx &S a  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 c-, 6k  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 .wv!;  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 <78LB/:  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 /^>yDG T,0  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Bhnwb0b<  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ->S6S_H/+&  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ]CIZF,  
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    分析 b[I;6HW  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 h c9? z}  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 BkTGH.4G%  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 5E#koy7 $s  
    6c/Tm0[  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY UkY `&&ic  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION B?xu!B,  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL t/baze;V  
    Dim A As Double %Jr6pmc  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double W]v[Xm$q  
    Dim eID As Long X[cSmkp7  
    Dim parID As Long FrNW@  
    Dim count As Integer o5N];Nj  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 9N[vNg<n  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double y/}>)o4Q  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Hkv4t5F  
    Dim ok As Long }0({c~z\  
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    Sub Main Q.Kr;64G  
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        '用户输入对话框 g8{?;  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 "DFj4XKXY9  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :q2tda  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 V+()`>44  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 xwH+Q7O&l  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 QrP$5H{[E  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 @ P=eu3  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 T1y,L<7?  
        End Dialog s'V8PN+-  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ~[i,f0O,  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) l.i"Z pik  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed }[u9vZL  
            Print "Execution cancelled." |f^/((:D  
            End Hy<4q^3$G  
        End If <:u)C;  
    j/bebR}X  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty  {Y9m;b,X  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then gev7eGH<  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation b&g9A{t  
        Else N b(f  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) bp6 La`+  
        End If %<e\s6|P:  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then C.{*|#&GAt  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter t Ib?23K0  
        Else Y962rZ  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ,>%AEN6N2  
        End If ] t|KFk!)  
    )S$!36Ni[  
        Print " " Osb"$8im  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" P Z-|W  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" t%Z_*mIfmE  
    P,!k^J3:l  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation {MKq Yl{  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Nh41o0  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens /D_8uTS>d[  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 0.nS306  
    piO+K!C0n:  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Y}"|J ~  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ?T5^hQT   
    \1RQ),5 %]  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness .9 WUp>  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 3vOI=ar=L~  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation h^$>{0"  
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        '************************************************************************* 4(&00#Yxg2  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) doXd6q4H  
        '************************************************************************* #JZf]rtp  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) [*?P2.bf  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity G`w,$:,  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) x}1(okc  
    <l5{!g  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z @?K(+BGi  
        count = 0 )G ,LG0"-  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count G4s!q1H  
            GetOperation eID, count, op (H+'sf^h  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Lq LciD  
                DeleteOperation eID,count -MHu BgYJ-  
                count=count-1 I~"-  
            End If D}!U?]la&  
            count=count+1 e?L$RY,7  
        Wend ,y2ur2  
    ,D3q8?j  
        'Set new shift in hS +;HB,  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" iml*+t  
        op.val1 = taq 7 m&M(ct  
        op.parent = parID KEY M@,'  
        AddOperation eID, op >K-O2dry*  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ^gkyi/z  
    b]RnCu"  
        '************************************************************************* 6! g3Juh  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ET _}x7  
        '************************************************************************* vD1jxk'fd  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) KfWVz*DC!  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $F G4wA  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 3=dGz^Zdv:  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Z/;rM8[{&  
    yYdXAenQ  
        '************************************************************************* Ko''G5+  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens )OH!<jW  
        '************************************************************************* ,3GM'e{hV  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) &r DOqj  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Fw"~f5O  
    7\a(Imq  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost o?p) V^7  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 0<v~J9i  
    c!Pi)  
        '************************************************************************* 7GK| A{r  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) "VcGr#zW  
        '************************************************************************* rIge6A>I  
    ,=oq)Fm]  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) \~y>aYy  
    >PySd"u  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) $!obpZ~}  
        count = 0 rM bb%d:  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count r*+9<8-ZX<  
            GetOperation eID, count, op !k<+-Lf:2  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then KD Qux  
                DeleteOperation eID,count %Si3t2W/  
                count=count-1 Z/beROW)  
            End If 4eaC18?  
            count=count+1 #llc5i;  
        Wend &,$A7:  
    i7fpl  
        'Set new z-shift ?m?e2{]u,  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" z+-k4  
        op.val1 = tlens yuI5# VUS  
        op.parent = parID 8`u#tl(  
        AddOperation eID, op 2N)Ywqvj  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens IyP\7WZ  
    YT:<AJm  
        '************************************************************************* 5>A3;P  
        'Lens index of refraction 79x^zqLb  
        '************************************************************************* z9dVT'  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) HHEFX9u  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat `fc*/D  
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        mat.Nd = nlens lc5NC;JR  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]"CA P%  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens C|!E' 8Rw  
    }#E4t3  
        '************************************************************************* 4-3B"  
        'Pupil diameter bQ .y,+  
        '************************************************************************* /#,<> EfT  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) m,up37-{  
    f "-<Z_  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) dOiy[4s  
    IRS^F;)  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ( I,V+v+{Y  
    Y_)04dmr@[  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens {L4^IKI  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) v<2+yZ M  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) WMUw5h  
        count = 0  dc5B#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ORHC bw9  
            GetOperation eID, count, op C)ChF`Ru':  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  WHpbQQX  
                DeleteOperation eID,count fp>o ^+VB  
                count=count-1 }y[o[>  
            End If RNt3az  
            count=count+1 +ZZiZ&y  
        Wend 5Cz:$-+  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" +>:X4A *  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 =3J~ Fk  
        op.parent = parID A6UtpyS*'  
        AddOperation eID, op 5SKu\ H\  
    b?y1cxTT  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam =_,OucKkYG  
    K1+,y1c  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description #Ta@A~.L  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) J J3vC  
        GetEntity eID, entity (wA|lK3  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" {u5)zVYC,U  
        SetEntity eID, entity sY#K=5R  
    u>? VD%  
        Update ~I^]O \?  
        Print "DONE!" \+>b W(  
         1zp,Suv  
    End Sub `/|=eQ")o@  
    em W#ZX  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: .g|pgFM?  
    |owhF  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 9B%"7MVn  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 4Fz^[L}[  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 :#|77b0  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 |mM7P^I  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 t)v#y!Ci"  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ,~kMkBkl~  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ^#Z(&/5f0  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Cn{UzSKfs  
    DONE! Cy2X>Tl"<E  
     
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