切换到宽版
  • 广告投放
  • 稿件投递
  • 繁體中文
    • 1799阅读
    • 0回复

    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

    上一主题 下一主题
    离线infotek
     
    发帖
    6374
    光币
    26015
    光券
    0
    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介  J@_ctGv  
    =-KMb`xT  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 H#i{?RM@l  
    E<E3&;qD  
    模型 J-xS:Ha'l  
    7%MbhlN.  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 X(A.X:"  
    x YfD()w<I  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    2f>PO +4S{  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. fB1TFtAh  
    /PzcvN  
    光源 >j*;vG5T  
    `'I{U5;e  
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 h6_(?|:-(  
    5| B(\wqG  
    ritBU:6  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    3S*AxAeg  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 0'5/K ,  
    ;G |i^  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6$U]9D  
    t5B7I59  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 JyLa#\ R  
    uo\ .7[1  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
    ~y HU^5D  
    视网膜的散射 N_eX/ux  
    Q=mI 9  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Z@a9mFI?  
    VhL{'w7f  
    NLS"eD m  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    (8$k4`T>  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 3_Cp%~Gi-_  
    {\H/y c|@  
    IW=cym7  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    ]\-^>!F#K  
    脚本 S$TmZk=  
    G!w"{Bk?9  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Jn:ZYqc  
    M_v?9L  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    3E3U /K  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    Snp|!e  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 z]B]QB Y[  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Od+6 -J  
    <8,o50`B  
    分析 z>sbr<doa  
    8Jf.ECQT  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 [B@'kwD\l  
    }En  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    De7T s  
    脚本代码 F+R?a+e  
    pl@O N"=[  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. O[tvR:Nh  
    k@zy  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Z;9>S=w!  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION --;@2:lg{  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL rX_@Ihv'  
    Dim A As Double O~j> ?  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Grs]d-xI  
    Dim eID As Long {{V8;y  
    Dim parID As Long |*Z$E$k:  
    Dim count As Integer ? WJ> p  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double SJD@&m%?[  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double #/PAA  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double f#+el y  
    Dim ok As Long EY*(Bw  
    *6HTV0jv  
    Sub Main coYij  
    " \I4u{zC  
        '用户输入对话框 KiGp[eb  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ;^t{Il'j  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 zJe#m|Z  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 r0p w_j  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 d%l{V6  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 %%(R@kh9  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 I*9e]m"  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 U(~+o  
        End Dialog ~y=T5wt  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Gt9&)/#  
    9x,RvWTb  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) ^C2\`jLMY  
    [+O"<Ua  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 5 ae2<Y=  
            Print "Execution cancelled." pr%nbl  
            End y% :4b@<  
        End If E=){K  
    lu Q~YjH  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ~]ZpA-*@Ut  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then wAnb Di{W  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation =8U&[F  
        Else H'Yh2a`!o  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) n3J53| %v  
        End If CI3XzH\IX*  
    J\ e+}{  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then AT5aDEb^^  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter DTWD |M  
        Else iNMx"F0r  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Tw +  
        End If Nk {XdrY  
    +F dB '  
        Print " " m3o,@=b  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" LjV]0%j?r  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" $s<Ne{?  
    DBLO|&2!z[  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation .*elggM  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness xe/(  
    *Q1~S]g  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens aL\nT XakX  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens p !s}=wI `  
    c'*a{CV4P  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens  \>Efd  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 6oui]$pH  
    EUIIr4]  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness V2N_8)s9W  
    3"F`ZJ]=  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ETB6f  
    !ti6  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation TRsE %  
    37;$-cFE  
        '************************************************************************* 7 [g/TB  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) <8,cuX\  
        '************************************************************************* @)K%2Y`  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) L<fvKmo(fw  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity je]}R>[r5  
    x\QY@9  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) o=nsy]'&  
    Xt#1Qs  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z '?({;/L  
        count = 0 Q[#vTB$f  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ntmyNf?;  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ^Idle*+  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Vx @|O%  
                DeleteOperation eID,count $y b4xU  
                count=count-1 g (#f:"  
            End If [V}S <Xp  
            count=count+1 . BiCBp<  
        Wend uPniLx\t:  
    A19;1#$=  
        'Set new shift in O iFS}p  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Kt(-@\)!  
        op.val1 = taq >"Q@bQ:e  
        op.parent = parID z~A]9|/61v  
        AddOperation eID, op ;*,f<  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 pAk/Qxl3eo  
    JH8zF{?  
        '************************************************************************* Dr6A ,3B  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 8| $3OVS  
        '************************************************************************* Oez>X=Xf  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) +d|mR9^([  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic qgDRu]ba  
    [}fv  dW  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 'FYJMIs  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant *OyHHq|>q  
    5[Pr|AY  
        '************************************************************************* !\ g+8>  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens xai4pF-?  
        '************************************************************************* M|] "W  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) bb d.  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic )*:`':_a  
    GHmv} Z  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost K).n.:vYZ  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ~ Uo)0  
    TFuR@KaBR  
        '************************************************************************* OaL\w D^  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \.g\Zib )  
        '*************************************************************************  ;vb8G$  
     kQ   
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,<2DL p%%D  
    Zo{$  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) ce6__f 5?  
        count = 0 \8uIER5)  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vip~'  
            GetOperation eID, count, op D?Ux[Ozb  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then pNRk.m]  
                DeleteOperation eID,count |{@FMxn|q  
                count=count-1 n k2om$nN  
            End If p7H3J?`w1+  
            count=count+1 ?^j^K-rx  
        Wend 4BwQA #zE  
    IMk'#)  
        'Set new z-shift b9XW9O `B  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" |g3?y/l  
        op.val1 = tlens R CkaJ3  
        op.parent = parID w4LScvBg  
        AddOperation eID, op %2V-~.Ro6  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens hTbI -u7BF  
    Oq3A#6~  
        '************************************************************************* nQ GQWg`  
        'Lens index of refraction sm$ (Y.N  
        '************************************************************************* )3h^Y=43  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) K|oacOF9  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat d`1I".y  
    |!F5.%PY  
        mat.Nd = nlens g&n)fF  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat p^iRPI  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 3R&lqxhg  
    wd/< 8>2X  
        '************************************************************************* . <tq6 1  
        'Pupil diameter b}Zd)2G  
        '************************************************************************* q:<{% U$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 4Bl{WyMJ|  
    |7#[ (%D!  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) J6<rX[ yZe  
    Z;h<6[(  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" S(mF%WJ  
    `EtS!zD~b  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens &[&r2 >a  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0cT*z(  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) B(F,h+ajy  
        count = 0 KzQ3.)/q  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *|_"W+JC  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 9h0X&1u  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .SWt3|Pi5  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ,j5&6X=1M  
                count=count-1 cT\I[9! )  
            End If Gy[O)PEEh  
            count=count+1 we#wH-  
        Wend (Y^X0yA/  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" IL_d:HF|1  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ~y$ !48o  
        op.parent = parID F,5r9^,_  
        AddOperation eID, op Ys!>+nL|  
    %AN/>\#p  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam u`(- -  
    Z#.f&K )xX  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Jdy=_88MD  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) +w8R!jdA  
        GetEntity eID, entity CU7F5@+  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" j|tC@0A  
        SetEntity eID, entity <|?K%FP7Z  
    +ki{H}G21  
        Update fw;rbP!  
        Print "DONE!" KgW:@X7wvM  
         ~r{5`;c  
    End Sub ?`[NFqv_]  
    Bb{!Yh].:A  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: T}3v(6ew4  
    P_u|-~|\  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters V]S1X^  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 1T)Zh+?)}  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 M.td^l0  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 8_K6 0eXz  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 B??J@+Nf  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ""svDfy$  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 gGMWr.! 8  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ,p;_\\<  
    DONE! RmI1`  
     
    分享到