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简介 gxmc| GNU;jSh5 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 /^2CGcT( |>2:eH 模型 |<(t}}X yM ,VrUh 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 A1-qtAO] Qq3fZ= Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 K-(;D4/sQE 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. cZi[(K }OrYpZob 光源 N9]xJgTze A[H;WKn0 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 M<(u A' `?uPn~,e8 O2 v. 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 h|p[OecG 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 FkB{ SCJ GwQn;gkF 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 GMm'of# "HC)/)Mv@ 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 gs`> C( ;|TT(P:d 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 }q'WC4. 视网膜的散射 f&yQhe6 q 2-v\3voN 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ><Uk*mwL C3S`}o. QlD6i-a 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 Q4wc-s4RN 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 *48IF33&s ` X}85 HmV />9 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 El6bD% \G 脚本 @\}YAa>>"I G9RP^ 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: s'L?;:)dyB irMd
jG 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 Ro r2qDF 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 j} RzXJ~t 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 (1){A8=?o 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 J&6:d HC7JMj 分析 Z;b+>2oL <LA^%2jT 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 \+Y!ILOI ow.6!tl0=h 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 l2&hBacT 脚本代码 \FifzKA Jps .;yjk Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. }.{}A(^YR :'*DMW~ Dim entity As T_ENTITY Np)aS[9W Dim op As T_OPERATION 0H:dv:#WAI Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL @2e2^8X7f Dim A As Double DU{bonR` Dim pupilDiam As Double ',mW`ZN Dim eID As Long Fu)Th|5GZ Dim parID As Long ax@H"d& Dim count As Integer
(ZPXdr Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double CV^c",b_ Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double -x'e+zT Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ^?"^Pmw
Dim ok As Long z{?4*Bq 6^YJ] w Sub Main @Fx@5e .ECHx Dp '用户输入对话框 nyhMnp#< Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @]'SeiNp TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 m0( E kK Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QzthTX< OKButton 40,91,90,21 97!5Q~I CancelButton 190,91,90,21 40K2uT{cq Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 8$}OS- TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 9L)L|4A.l End Dialog @@}`hii Dim dlg As UserDialog (5`T+pAsV 'sU)|W(3U ok = Dialog (dlg) n33kb/q* Alz~-hqQ If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed =!
mJG Print "Execution cancelled." S,vu]?-8 End ' G#SLqZy End If Lk.h.ST /iC_!n u 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ;^-:b(E If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then J22r v( A = 0 'Default accommodation c8ZCs? Else ,w`~K:b. A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) G5c7:iGm/c End If NWKi
()nA% (9GbG" If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ULl_\5s2 pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter iBvOJs Else I;j3*lV_ pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Z?1OdoT- End If ?q Xs- ;~/4d- Print " " 4lz{G*u Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" -JTG?JOd] Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" dlD}Ub XxOn3i ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation r95zP]T taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness K`4GU[ul GqUSVQ Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens POGw`:)A CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens 8:{q8xZ=k .~`Y)PON Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens d=F-L CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens yGEb7I$h }O*WV 1 tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness MY F#A \ X$)vK nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction 0Q1/ n2V ~3=2=Uf 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation v~5<:0dL yXF|Sqv '************************************************************************* p\S8oHWe 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 0Hcbkep9D '************************************************************************* <]Y[XI(kr eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) "{(
[! GetCustomElement eID, entity Gah lS*W k18$JyaG parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y:pRcO.4g hTw}X.<4 ' Delete any shift(s) in z Jz$>k$!UD count = 0 RWikJ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |s|/]aD}o GetOperation eID, count, op K-4tdC3 If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then v@_in(dk DeleteOperation eID,count Mi74Xl i count=count-1 ,qy&|4Jz End If uaxB -PZ count=count+1 ^saM$e^c: Wend 'v`_Ii|- D5`(} 'Set new shift in BKA]G)G7u! op.Type = "ShiftZ" q\H7&w op.val1 = taq k7Oy5$## op.parent = parID 3bts7<K= AddOperation eID, op k4R4YI"jV Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 }17bV, t fuyl/bx} '************************************************************************* -eL'KO5' 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens QUp?i
'************************************************************************* GP]TnQ<*; eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) }ecsGw GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic )ddsyFGW U Um|@ SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant xjrlc9 Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <gcmsiB| la702)N{ '************************************************************************* b~as64 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens \`gEu{ '************************************************************************* +H}e)1^I eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) u]*5Ex (? GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :#SNpn=@ ]xrD< SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost f0FP9t3k Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost .K7C-Xn=
)*
3bkKVB '************************************************************************* yFO)<GLk 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 4:3_ER ]J '************************************************************************* 6n-r z1Q2*:)c parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) J)huy\>, jGiw96,Y ' Delete any z-shift(s) raHVkE{< count = 0 B^m!t7/, While GetOperationCount(eID)>count r=0j7^B# GetOperation eID, count, op $rTu6(i1 If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4k$0CbHx0 DeleteOperation eID,count 0etwz3NuW
count=count-1 >{F!ntEj End If l
$w/Fz count=count+1 kp; &cQu! Wend cz>mhD InN{^uN 'Set new z-shift X~zRZ0 op.Type = "ShiftZ" w&C1=v -h op.val1 = tlens EW9b*r7./ op.parent = parID , `"K AddOperation eID, op SS0_P
jKz Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens !l"tI#?6W% @it/$>R^) '************************************************************************* E[*0Bo] 'Lens index of refraction U1kh-8
: '************************************************************************* lG 8dI\ ` eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 1b+h>.gWar GetModelMaterial eID, mat b-4dsz'ai dm 2EH mat.Nd = nlens `x*/UCy\ SetModelMaterial eID, mat OF-WUa4t Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ) H+d.Y GVZTDrC '************************************************************************* L?Tu)<Mn 'Pupil diameter Oc~VHT '************************************************************************* \H[Yyp4 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) :ovt?q8"> a_AJ)4 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) L,W:,i/C `OBl:e SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" V:8@)Hc= J7Sx!PQ ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens _1\poAy parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) k|5k8CRX eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) @Rf^P( count = 0 SlT7L||Ww While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ovSH}h! GetOperation eID, count, op @x*.5:[ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then p $XnOh DeleteOperation eID,count DEcGFRgN~ count=count-1 S,VyUe4P4 End If
<irpmRQr count=count+1 '?b\F~$8 Wend N-xnenci op.Type = "ShiftZ" -FaaFw:Z;A op.val1 = taq-0.01 *cPN\Iu.W op.parent = parID .}`V I`z* AddOperation eID, op }\EL;sT lj
Y Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam !9PX\Xbn JC/d:. 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 5Vm Eyb eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T"IW Jpc GetEntity eID, entity sc9]sIb entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" dt0T t SetEntity eID, entity PQ i
}Evxa eA1'qww"' Update =^#0. Print "DONE!" E~}[+X@ y1nP F&_ End Sub |MVV +.X 'Z y{mq\ 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: u!M&;QL 8z?$t-D O Accommodation = 4 Diopters ^^7gDgT Pupil Diameter = 4 mm A_aO}oBX Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 \6Xn]S Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 f^~2^p
1te Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 7WXiG0 Set lens thickness = 3.927 K[n<+e;G Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 [+_\z',u Set pupil diameter = 4 5%'o%`?i DONE! vu44 !c@
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