切换到宽版
  • 广告投放
  • 稿件投递
  • 繁體中文
    • 1761阅读
    • 0回复

    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

    上一主题 下一主题
    离线infotek
     
    发帖
    6374
    光币
    26015
    光券
    0
    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 Kj6@=  
    g]PC6xr38  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 nzl3<Ar  
    4=ZN4=(_[  
    模型 N3&n"w _d  
    S*(n s<L  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 uE&2M>2  
    RsnFjfb'  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    D)J'xG_<O  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. U>a~V"5,u  
    FK,Jk04on  
    光源 3bR 6Y[  
    dk@iAL*v  
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 D*q:X O6b  
    xj. )iegQ  
    f4+}k GJN  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    1*]@1DJt  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 V w5@)l*f  
    .!Q?TSQ+{!  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 `E5vO1Pl  
    FSyeDC^@  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 Wf9K+my  
    v$EgVc K  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
    W4rh7e4  
    视网膜的散射 DTM xfQdk  
    0 rilg  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ziG]BZ  
    RRJN@|"  
    =d1i<iw?-  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    ZN-5W|' O  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 =d1R9O  
    (0QYX[(r~o  
    'H)l~L  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    %( o[H sl  
    脚本 a+p_47 xa  
    q-nM]Gm  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 4e9'yi  
    =y1/V'2E  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    Y )9]I6n7  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    `yWWX.`  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 5: O,-b&  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。  -TKQfd  
    ^]1M8R,  
    分析 =]hPX  
    ]x`I@vSf7R  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 zoO9N oUHW  
    h2fTG  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    uY*|bD`6&  
    脚本代码 N!#TK9  
    /b~|(g31"  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 9lCZ i?  
    1F58 2 l  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY eXsFPM  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION *<T,Fyc|  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL F/zbb  
    Dim A As Double qaN%&K9F8  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double } l4d/I  
    Dim eID As Long 4.0JgX  
    Dim parID As Long >aV Q  
    Dim count As Integer @&E{ L  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double X4}Lg2ts  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double OBJk\j+Wi  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double LG3:V'|  
    Dim ok As Long =_Y#uE$  
    \IG"Te  
    Sub Main Dt p\ T|)  
    *C n `pfO  
        '用户输入对话框 kqie|_y  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 pX/,s#dY>  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 SUQk0 (M  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 *1fZcw'C.  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 qX?k]m   
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 v3{[rK}  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Z )f\^  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 fb||q-E  
        End Dialog TWFi.w4pY  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog V=|X=:fuih  
    4)=\5wJDg1  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) :6Oh?y@  
    7ZVW7%,zF  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed =7WE   
            Print "Execution cancelled." (`pd>  
            End qf2;yRc&  
        End If (1my9k5C  
    nQW`X=Ku  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty j*aYh^  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then A&~<qgBTp  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 7iJ=~po:o  
        Else NFQR  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) \x_fP;ma=_  
        End If *l-(tp5  
    ve|`I=?2  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then yIdM2#`u  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ihr l!A5  
        Else ix=H=U]Q{  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) I3ZbHb-)_,  
        End If 4vk^=  
    #n_uELE  
        Print " " =<M7t*!  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" mjd9]HgN  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" -bHfo%"^TT  
    K&WNtk3hT  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation q3s +?&  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness m8|&z{  
    #iot.alNA  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens A%G \ AT  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens *\i<+~I@l  
    _\P9~w `  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens p2UZqq2  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens |H)WJ/`  
    P|S'MS';:  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness x>@+lV'O  
    v<`1z?dch  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction  /_r g*y*  
    esM< .  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation i*JbFukG  
    / !*gH1 s  
        '************************************************************************* [We(0wF[`  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ;b""N,  
        '************************************************************************* =m4_8)-8u  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) `2Buf8|a,  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity N2"4dVV;  
    @42!\1YT  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) QcQ:hHF  
    %` c?cB  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z J@{yWgLg  
        count = 0 q1nGj  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,'CDKzY  
            GetOperation eID, count, op bm{L6D E  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then {GS7J  
                DeleteOperation eID,count uxq!kF'Ls  
                count=count-1 =%:mZ@x'  
            End If .>-`2B*/  
            count=count+1 a/.O, &3  
        Wend ms8PFu(f  
    NC 0H5  
        'Set new shift in NC; 4  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" %NbhR(  
        op.val1 = taq ^ftZ{uA  
        op.parent = parID iz`u@QKc%  
        AddOperation eID, op a$c7d~p$I  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 i6[,m*q~2x  
    LDL#*g  
        '************************************************************************* ba?]eK   
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens m6bI<C3^5  
        '************************************************************************* 6 m5\f  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) <!\J([NM8  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic j.GpJDq  
    c7jft|4S  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant - v9V/LJ  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant '|e5cW6z  
    &Jj^)GBU  
        '************************************************************************* x C'>W"pY  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens {Ex0mw)T  
        '************************************************************************* |52VHW8 c  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) HF wT  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic g eaeOERc  
    AM}-dKei|  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost |WeLmy%9  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Gb%PBg}HH  
    @:i>q$aF  
        '************************************************************************* uU`zbh}]L.  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) :L9\`&}FS  
        '************************************************************************* u>(s .4]+  
    J#CF SG  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 8zz-jk R  
    d}b# "A  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) |pr~Ohz  
        count = 0 +MOUO$;fGt  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8oY0?|_Bx  
            GetOperation eID, count, op tkWWR%c"  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Y 3[<  
                DeleteOperation eID,count +D1;_DU  
                count=count-1 MC3XGnT#5  
            End If !.iA^D//]  
            count=count+1 mxjY-Kq  
        Wend n$}c+1   
    9 4W9P't  
        'Set new z-shift Ssaf RK$  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" p`{9kH1me  
        op.val1 = tlens kaUH#;c>_  
        op.parent = parID THK)G2 =  
        AddOperation eID, op FFH-Kw,  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens }?>30+42:  
    e )\s0#  
        '************************************************************************* 4MRHz{`wa  
        'Lens index of refraction %Q}#x  
        '************************************************************************* eUqsvF}l!  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) z;'"c3qG8  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat qX:54$t  
    Oa7`Y`6  
        mat.Nd = nlens k$o6~u 2&  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat w0moC9#$?  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens k  `.-PU  
    -CY?~W L&  
        '************************************************************************* " I`<s<  
        'Pupil diameter vyqlP;K  
        '************************************************************************* ImklM7A  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) )R{4"&&2  
    J_U1eSz<j  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) {Ca#{LeLk  
    K*;=^PY  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 1NN99^ q  
    ^5u}   
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens _V6;`{$WK  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^b;.zhp8;N  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 62%. ddM4  
        count = 0 &hd+x5  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2#6yO`?uo  
            GetOperation eID, count, op  ;{BELv-4  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4<Bj;1*4  
                DeleteOperation eID,count QS_" fsyN:  
                count=count-1 ^N`ar9Db  
            End If ZxbWgM5rm  
            count=count+1 O,9KhX+  
        Wend wC<!,tB(8  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ"  uGc}^a2  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 SMqJMirR  
        op.parent = parID kP6g0,\|a|  
        AddOperation eID, op J h M.P9  
    Gnj|y?'  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam @(Ou;Uy  
     5ah]E  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description *"O7ml]  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) RjSVa.x  
        GetEntity eID, entity |CY.Y,  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 5"^$3&)  
        SetEntity eID, entity _hAp@? M  
    `dn|n I2  
        Update JL`n12$m  
        Print "DONE!" hM/|k0YV  
         h+CTi6-p  
    End Sub LJfd{R1y+  
    y&-j NOKLM  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: #s)6u?N  
    /u*((AJ?Qv  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters O|?>rK  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 5Ee%!Pk  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 e6QUe.S  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 @lDoMm,m'  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 P8).Qn  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 Ngi$y>{Sq  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 DE^{8YX,  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 3iR;(l}  
    DONE! 6i(nyA 2!  
     
    分享到