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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 wX$:NOO  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 8.E"[QktZ  
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    模型 nwRltK  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 :6^7l/p  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Q?{%c[s  
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    光源 =OVDJ0ozZ  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 !3ggQG!e  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 iCt.rr~;V  
    {pzj@b 1S  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ^)VwxH:s  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 {h<D/:^v  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 gT+/nSrLV  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ITu19WG  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 x3@-E  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 N^^0j,  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: |(7}0]BP0  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 {Gxe%gu6K  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 R>Ra~ b  
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    分析 \-<BUG]=  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Bd>~F7VWs  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 %!|w(Povq  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. "S#F I  
    S_}`'Z )  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY <LX\s*M)  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION =x~I'|%3  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL >rG>Bz^Pu  
    Dim A As Double 5dBftTv?  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double GW2\YU^{  
    Dim eID As Long 18g_v"6o  
    Dim parID As Long _03?XUKV  
    Dim count As Integer d@%"B($nR  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double >J"IN I  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double r8k(L{W  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double +2uSMr  
    Dim ok As Long 3"fDFR  
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    Sub Main ~zp8%lEe  
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        '用户输入对话框 > mGH4{H  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Ts iJK  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ez4!5&TzRm  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _ _Of0<  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 1/_g36\l$  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 bMH~vR  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ZsGvv]P  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 .6?"<zdPU  
        End Dialog 5=>1>HYM  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Lp`.fn8Ln  
    lH-VqkR\  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) s.3"2waZ=T  
    !oLn=  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed {I#_0Q,i  
            Print "Execution cancelled." A^U84kV=  
            End &|>@K#V8-;  
        End If ,0l Od<  
    \Lx=iKs<  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 4vhf!!1  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 'K[ml ?_  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation n. %QWhUB  
        Else 7*:zN  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) AGhenDN V  
        End If 7vRtTP  
    ]>3Y~KH(  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then %"RJi?  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter )ycI.[C  
        Else N['DqS =  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) LG}{ibB  
        End If k %I83,+  
    j,n:%5P\v  
        Print " " iOL$|Z(  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" &AiAd6  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 1\hLwG6Jj  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation /ViY:-8s  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness LF|0lAr  
    zAgX{$/Fg  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens *A-_*A  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens w[~G^x&  
    ( eV,f  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens =NB[jQ :(  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens -jH|L{Iyq}  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness F^Ut ZG+  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction E'iE#He  
    0R x#Fm  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation vPkLG*d 8  
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        '************************************************************************* {3Inj8a=?A  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) yT ^x0?U  
        '************************************************************************* (s8b?Ol/  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) T(|'.&a  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 2mLZ4 r>WE  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %m&6'Rpfk  
    ~nZcA^b#DQ  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z c *KE3:  
        count = 0 *s6 x  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Y6{^cZ!=  
            GetOperation eID, count, op <q63?Ms'  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 7QO/; zL  
                DeleteOperation eID,count <G})$f'x2  
                count=count-1 Yf0 KG  
            End If =v2 |QuS$  
            count=count+1 ^PG"  
        Wend +!lDAkW0  
    k 9i W1  
        'Set new shift in =<]`'15"V  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" OqtGKda  
        op.val1 = taq J4bP(=w!  
        op.parent = parID v h,(]t  
        AddOperation eID, op D4%J!L<P  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 4m*)("H  
    )uqzu%T  
        '************************************************************************* N'{[BA(eE  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens jY6GWsh:9  
        '************************************************************************* y2W+YV*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) t]K20(FSN  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic  "'4  
    !Asncc G  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant U[C>Aoze  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 20Zxv!  
    /HIyQW\Ki-  
        '************************************************************************* MQ,K%_m8  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens @*%3+9`yq  
        '************************************************************************* $6Ma{rC|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) G'|ql5Zw  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >u=  
    .W]k 8N E  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost CR4O#f8\  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 6_mi9_w  
    a (U52dO,  
        '************************************************************************* x`E<]z*w}  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ERPg TZT  
        '************************************************************************* (%_X{R'  
    6 Bq_<3P_  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) TV{GHB!p"  
    yD"]:ts3  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) }c G)$E  
        count = 0 bEcs(Mc~  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9'MGv*Ho  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 2u.0AG   
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @i ~A7L0/  
                DeleteOperation eID,count kf@JEcKV  
                count=count-1 dD,}i$  
            End If nJI2IPZ  
            count=count+1 rrL.Y&DTK  
        Wend e!6yxL*[@[  
    s|%R  
        'Set new z-shift UJO3Yn  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" bM?gAY]mB8  
        op.val1 = tlens U["0B8  
        op.parent = parID uV:R3#^  
        AddOperation eID, op n/ KO{:  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens E#!N8fQ  
    tW/k  
        '************************************************************************* tz ;3  
        'Lens index of refraction l'I:0a 4T  
        '************************************************************************* >XtfT'  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) q,Gymh;  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat B[8bkFS>]  
    >/ay'EyY;>  
        mat.Nd = nlens *RkUF!)(  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat k;\gYb%L  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ^E^`"  
    _}R9!R0O  
        '************************************************************************* >YI Vi4''  
        'Pupil diameter 3\W/VBJJ  
        '************************************************************************* [9 MH"\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 5W)ST&YPL*  
    $udhTI#,  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) aL1%BGlmZ<  
    V'9.l6l   
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 40?RiwwD  
    L-+g`  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens +/[M Ex=   
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) +q&Hj|;8r  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) I|rb"bG  
        count = 0 ?t YZ/  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count cWAw-E5  
            GetOperation eID, count, op R;DU68R  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =}Tm8b0  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 8m"k3:e^  
                count=count-1 k6CXuU  
            End If k[@P526  
            count=count+1 1<ag=D`F_"  
        Wend JP8}+  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" - rO34l  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 G _cJI  
        op.parent = parID @v2<T1UC  
        AddOperation eID, op f$dPDbZQ  
    )JzY%a SP  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam gGM fy]]R  
    z>W:+W"o  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description >._d2.Q'  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) n^nE&'[?0g  
        GetEntity eID, entity krfXvQJwJ  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" oz&`3`  
        SetEntity eID, entity 9JFN8Gf*)  
    BpIyw  
        Update 'dwW~4|B  
        Print "DONE!" ~ *&\5rPb  
         `n$Ak5f  
    End Sub }xsO^K  
    {<yapBMw  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: CY o m  
    HAn{^8"@  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters Vg'R=+Wb  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm LwB1~fF  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 WJq>%<#  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 u+V*U5v  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 g,d_  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 u=0O3-\h  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 j !*,(  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 zA5nr`  
    DONE! F;Q,cg M  
     
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