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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 ZK t{3P  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 "})OLa  
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    模型 sqhIKw@  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 k}g4?  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. $ZyOBxI  
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    光源 :yJ#yad  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 {Q$8p2W  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 GKWsJO5 n  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 = YO<.(Lu  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 k f Y;  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 fA1{-JzV<4  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 @||nd,i`n~  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 dlZ2iDQ%  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 y~OP9Tg  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: +:aNgO#e8  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 :>ca).cjac  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 A[fTpS~~%  
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    分析 4;32 f`  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 7;.Iat9gMf  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 X<W${L$G  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. CO, {/  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 7z\ #"~(.  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION Y HS/|-  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ' qT\I8%  
    Dim A As Double gCRPaF6  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ?Ec{%N%  
    Dim eID As Long ^HuB40  
    Dim parID As Long *(wxNsK  
    Dim count As Integer plr3&T~,&S  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 'F/uD 1;  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double BSr#;;\  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double e*I92  
    Dim ok As Long c*R\fQd  
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    Sub Main 5K&A2zC|  
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        '用户输入对话框 NTCFmdbs 6  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 <dXeP/1w`  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 B=r+ m;(  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ,|#biT-<T  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 i3L2N~:V  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 2zv:j7  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 tblduiN   
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 V4n;N  
        End Dialog n8\88d  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog v/vPU  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) ,5T1QWn^f  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Be\@n xV[  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ;Vf{3  
            End p*1 B *R  
        End If fceO|mSz_  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty k`z]l;:  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then "|,KXv')  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation qq?o^_^4  
        Else E*,nKJu'r  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) #_IuB) qy  
        End If Dwr"-  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then $|[N3  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter B o%Sl  
        Else b53s@7/mq  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w~=xO_%  
        End If |S<!'rY  
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        Print " " bkpN`+c  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" g"c7$  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" n`jG[{3t&  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation LZ&I<ID`-  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ug"4P.wI  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens s%~Nx3,  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens c&h8Qk3  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ~Dw% d;  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens bJ6H6D>  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 3rJ LLYR  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction \O,yWyU4  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation F|oyrG  
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        '************************************************************************* <*/Z>Z_c2  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) k;SKQN  
        '************************************************************************* 0~DsA Ua  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~,8#\]xR  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity hKnV=Ha(  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tuY= )?  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 1 >2 /1>  
        count = 0 yOP$~L#TWs  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `JGW8 _  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 1g$xKe~]4  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then u{D]Kc?n  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Zz 'g&ewo  
                count=count-1 wM-H5\9n  
            End If Q{miI N  
            count=count+1 Xw|-v$'y  
        Wend #i.BOQxS  
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        'Set new shift in R'atg 9  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" GyFA1%(o  
        op.val1 = taq Mdp'u$^!  
        op.parent = parID !u4eI0?R?  
        AddOperation eID, op iex]J@=e  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 * {p:C  
    [`bK {Dq2  
        '************************************************************************* "kIlxf3  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens :eevc7  
        '************************************************************************* q$ j  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Tn\{*A  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Z;0<k;#T(p  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant V<PH5'^$j  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant )?LZg<<   
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        '************************************************************************* OW!y7  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens cqm:[0Xf5>  
        '************************************************************************* |X6R 2I  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) <KoOJMx(  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic rx<P#y]3)  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Vk[M .=J  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost <R_)[{ 7  
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        '************************************************************************* L[`8 :}M  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ]z# Ita;  
        '************************************************************************* Y\4B2:Qd9  
    }"kF<gG1  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) X_,R!$wbg:  
    +4[9Eb'k=  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) >5 Y.  
        count = 0 @,W5K$Ka=  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :<5jlpV(  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 0&tr3!h\  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5EECr \*  
                DeleteOperation eID,count r;wm`(e  
                count=count-1 g{2~G6%;0  
            End If E9 @Sc>e  
            count=count+1 Y&DoA0/y  
        Wend rD !GEU  
    GR 1%(,  
        'Set new z-shift wuSotbc/  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" h1f 05  
        op.val1 = tlens {yd(n_PqY  
        op.parent = parID q[+KQ,  
        AddOperation eID, op :1]J{,VG  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens _U^G*EqL*  
    rcH{"\F_/  
        '************************************************************************* $Ny:At  
        'Lens index of refraction n+2>jY  
        '************************************************************************* ?_T[]I'  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) m)r,  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat G%K&f1q%  
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        mat.Nd = nlens Gj[5e w?@  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat -%V~ 1  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens =gZA9@]W2  
    la^K|!|  
        '*************************************************************************  um2}XI  
        'Pupil diameter nFn}  
        '************************************************************************* i#*lK7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) pP#|: %  
    q_"w,28  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) -uhVw_qq#  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" \H1t<B,  
    gebL6oc%  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens J'k^(ZZ  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8u1?\SYnb  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) T!^v^m@>y  
        count = 0 WKwYSbs(  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w")m]LV  
            GetOperation eID, count, op VM;vLUu!e  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Oa M~rze  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ,&Vir)S  
                count=count-1 z$M-UxY  
            End If joNV4v"=`  
            count=count+1 v0T?c53?  
        Wend x<.(fRv   
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" *V[I&dKq  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 O.-A)S@  
        op.parent = parID  J2Qt!-  
        AddOperation eID, op I<Mb /!TQ  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam S5YEz XG  
    ,v?FR }v  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ;*=7>"o'`  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t5P8?q\  
        GetEntity eID, entity XQtV$Lw  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" _ G2)=yj]  
        SetEntity eID, entity QcjsQTAbk  
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        Update {Eqx'j  
        Print "DONE!" vjA!+_I6  
         BbPRPkV  
    End Sub b tbuE  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: bik lja  
    $ % B  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters cxx8I  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm @CoUFdbz  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 6^2='y~e  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 |Nadk(}  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 . K_Jg$3  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ,?+uQXfXR  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 A.RG8"  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 bkrl>Im<n  
    DONE! ,8cVv->u/  
     
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