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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 .Z=Ce!  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ivzAlwP  
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    模型 BWUt{,?KU  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 x _==Ss  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. H`m:X,6}  
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    光源 ;1W6"3t-Y  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 2{ o0@  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 4:vTxNs&S  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 TbLe6x  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 NZLXN  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 :l+_ja&o  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 )Zas x6`  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 Kax#OYLpg  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 2H[ ; v+  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: k6@b|  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 6xHi\L  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 IAI(Ix  
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    分析 *>k!hq;j  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ASW4,%cl  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 %M9;I  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. (/K5!qh  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY as r=m{C"  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION vX+.e1m  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL s~J=<)T*6  
    Dim A As Double gg[ 9u-  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double .+yW%~0  
    Dim eID As Long t?{B_Bf  
    Dim parID As Long %cX"#+e  
    Dim count As Integer d+6]u_J  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double mV?&%>*(f  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double |SQ|qbe=  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double jWvtv ng  
    Dim ok As Long o.Oq__>$H  
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    Sub Main LkBZlh_  
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        '用户输入对话框 5 y   
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 F;u_7OM  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 zA s&%OjG  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 )eYDQA>J  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 5ZK&fKeCF  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Zu21L3  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 :.uk$jx  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 aMTFW_w  
        End Dialog C>X|VP |C  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog k4{:9zL1#?  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) =e BmBn  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed [i7YVwG4  
            Print "Execution cancelled." LA4<#KP  
            End +Ok%e.\ZM  
        End If oNM?y:O  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ?Elg?)os  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then rh%m;i<b  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ``|AgIg  
        Else h*w6/ZL1  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) *(QH{!-$s  
        End If pQWHG#?7  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then j~`\XX{>  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter v`DI<Lt  
        Else gR Nv-^  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ~R]35Cp-#  
        End If =X(%Svnp  
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        Print " " Br5o7(AE  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" TDNf)Mm  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" #E$X ,[ZFo  
    {f DTSr?/  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 6f)2F< 7  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness @T:fa J5\'  
    aeP[+I9  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens edvFQ#,d  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens p_2pU)%  
    "y;bsZBd"  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens '#\1uXM1U?  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 1S:|3W  
    E D"!n-Hq  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness _yH`t[  
    'Ot,H_pE  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }#`:Qb \U  
    }< 5F  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation m:+8J,jW  
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        '************************************************************************* ~DF:lqwWP  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 1(#;&:$`i  
        '************************************************************************* aM=D84@  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9X}I>  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity jO~:<y3 =  
    1X1 N tS @  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ZKpvDH'  
    , YW|n:X  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z |L6&Gf]#5  
        count = 0 /JJw 6[ N  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count e}yX_Z'P<  
            GetOperation eID, count, op c64v,Hj9  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then O(Jj|Z  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 'LE"#2Hu  
                count=count-1 w#y0atsg'  
            End If O9M{  ).  
            count=count+1 5F"|E-;  
        Wend 9~\kF5Q"  
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        'Set new shift in s)J(/  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" b1#dz]  
        op.val1 = taq XMIbUbU k-  
        op.parent = parID 'jg3  
        AddOperation eID, op v`PY>c6~  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 L1{GL #qV  
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        '************************************************************************* 6IcNZ!j98  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens u{<"NR h  
        '************************************************************************* }_'IE1bA  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) A^\.Z4=d"  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic =='Td[  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ~uWOdm-"[  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant pKUP2m`MW  
    9A'Y4Kg<C  
        '************************************************************************* friWW ^  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Dim> 7Wbh  
        '************************************************************************* 1T&Rc4$Sn7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ;|T!#@j  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;bzX% f?|G  
    v X~RP *  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost <W8t|jt  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ;*TIM%6#  
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        '************************************************************************* 796\jf$  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) $@-P5WcRs  
        '************************************************************************* z4%uN |V  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #p(h]T32  
    BXms;[  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) Kb#4ILA  
        count = 0 !LMN[3M_  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count jl.p'$Fbn  
            GetOperation eID, count, op q%n6K  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then VZr>U*J[:  
                DeleteOperation eID,count #AkV/1Y  
                count=count-1 !%+2Yifna  
            End If jdZ~z#`(!:  
            count=count+1 8I20*#  
        Wend P9Yy9_a|x  
    E907fX[R~  
        'Set new z-shift ok^d@zI  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" - Xu.1S  
        op.val1 = tlens ( 9!k#  
        op.parent = parID {N2g8W:  
        AddOperation eID, op _/8FRkx  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens K5ZC:Ks  
    6fH@wQ"wN  
        '************************************************************************* k(>h^  
        'Lens index of refraction RpWTpT1  
        '************************************************************************* 6*4's5>?D  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) oF9 -&  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 4'j sDcs  
    H&1[n U{?>  
        mat.Nd = nlens OMhef,,H  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ;__9TN  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens AqK z$  
    v 8T$ &-HJ  
        '************************************************************************* 0N[&3Ee8  
        'Pupil diameter (Fq5IGs  
        '************************************************************************* W>r#RXmh  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 3 &u_A?;  
    iLP7!j  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) H9h@sSg  
    {,*"3O:\:  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 0q>P~] Ow  
     S( S#  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens P 71(  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) bfB\h*XO  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) $vHU$lZ/W  
        count = 0 ?88[|;b3  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count rg0m a  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Fc~'TBf,,`  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [A}rbD K  
                DeleteOperation eID,count V fv@7@q  
                count=count-1 0TfS=scT  
            End If 7g R@$(1Z  
            count=count+1 h\plQ[T  
        Wend o7mZzzP  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6x"Q  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Gl1jxxd  
        op.parent = parID O: @}lK+H  
        AddOperation eID, op <;E  
    S3L~~X/=  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ;a-$D]Db  
    V"p!B f  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 4}`  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) z0|&W&&D  
        GetEntity eID, entity GN KF&M  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "ZTTg>r  
        SetEntity eID, entity .(pN5JI*  
    /C/id)h>  
        Update pO8ePc@=D  
        Print "DONE!" jTLSdul+  
         2o>)7^9|#<  
    End Sub }FzqW*4~  
    YF+n b.0.  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: aM7uBx\8 5  
    Vy_2.  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters P&Pj>!T5  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm rr#K"SP  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 hFiIW77 s2  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 *3T| M@Y  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 K}6dg<  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 o)OUWGjb/K  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 hJzxbr <  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 {.yStB. T  
    DONE! DE2a5+^  
     
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