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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 r(cS{oni  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?F?!QrL  
    "=yaeEp  
    模型 ub,Sj{Mq"  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 J# :%| F%  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. $ZQPf  
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    光源 \8_&@uLm  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ~(I\O?k>H  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 *(o~pxFTR  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 q7m-} mBN~  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 zJdlHa{  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 x8zUGvtQ  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Eer rIV  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 sEhdkN}6  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 BS+N   
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: sbkWJy  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 qjUQ2d  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 &IOChQ`8P  
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    分析 10}\7p8  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 |*OS;FD5  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 _~5{l_v|I  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. =$Xdn'  
    /lAt&0  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 9<\wa/#  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION IY,&/MCh  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL F!'b_ gmz  
    Dim A As Double kF6X?mqgD  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 3x 'BMAA+  
    Dim eID As Long [<f\+g2ct  
    Dim parID As Long 1 ,[T;pdDd  
    Dim count As Integer "E 8-76n  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double p# O%<S@?  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double r-&4<=C/N  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 'S@C,x%2,  
    Dim ok As Long 9$ UjZ$ v  
    ~~:i+-[  
    Sub Main J%3S3C2*m  
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        '用户输入对话框 7 P=1+2V  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 R;'Pe>  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 MCL5a@BX)  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 l"b78n  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 M,q'   
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 c%Kv"Z%f  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 a|T P2m  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 !Edc]rg7  
        End Dialog eP[azC"G[  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 9[6xo!  
    ##1[/D(  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) dl(cYP8L  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ,MuLu,$/  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ]}~*uT}>  
            End xREqcH,vU  
        End If d!e$BiC  
    B.Ic8'  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty YNHn# 98\  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then U#d&#",s  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation @j5W4HU  
        Else )uZ<?bkQ  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) )5Gzk&|  
        End If D3(|bSca  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then :=UeYm @  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 2O`uzT$  
        Else ^e<0-uM" s  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) e=1&mO?  
        End If u+z$+[lm!G  
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        Print " " !T6oD]x3  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" uTBls8  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >77 /e@  
    I zM=?,`  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation g9'50<|J  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness l3b$b%0'  
    t 0nGZ%`  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 2 ,E&}a|;b  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens -O^b  
    r >u0Y  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens DZRk K3  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Xv9kJ  
    Rfeiv  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ) m%ghpX  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction u}qfwVX Z  
    -`&4>\o2Lx  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation @X\Sh>H  
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        '************************************************************************* ^['%wA%  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) g@`14U/|  
        '************************************************************************* ~}$:iyJV(>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %n=!H  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity >p}d:t/  
    ( y'i{:B  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "|.>pD#0&  
    #:DDx5%x<b  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z bhnm<RZ  
        count = 0 -TjYQ  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \aU^c24>  
            GetOperation eID, count, op q'hMf?_  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then l/DV ?27  
                DeleteOperation eID,count hc`9Y  
                count=count-1 rcOpOoU|  
            End If I8 8y9sW  
            count=count+1 V[rNJf1z  
        Wend i8Yl1nF  
    nxA]EFS  
        'Set new shift in MDGcK/$')f  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" &s\$&%|  
        op.val1 = taq aluXh?  
        op.parent = parID <@A/`3_O)  
        AddOperation eID, op G0^23j  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 |hiYV  
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        '************************************************************************* HC?yodp^  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens .hSacd  
        '************************************************************************* zVGjXuNa  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) B[S.6 "/H  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -]+ XTsL  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant U@ALo  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant gupB8 .!  
    *P61q\2Z  
        '************************************************************************* y@nWa\i G  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens C ])Q#!D|  
        '************************************************************************* 9hmCvQgtf  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Olj]A]v}  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $io-<Z#Q  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 7 I&7YhFI  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 23_<u]V  
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        '************************************************************************* one^XYy1%  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) w> IkC+.?  
        '************************************************************************* 9RE{,mos2v  
     --Dw  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y$r9Y!?s  
    p27A#Uu2}  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) ^;6~=@#*C  
        count = 0 h$f/NSct2  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count nxsQDw\hy  
            GetOperation eID, count, op j<szQ%tJlI  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then h| !B;D  
                DeleteOperation eID,count k]qZOO}  
                count=count-1 JAC W#'4hV  
            End If vk5pnCM^3  
            count=count+1 [YHvyfk~_  
        Wend #Vs/1y`()  
    xp)#a_}  
        'Set new z-shift V~Tjz%<  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" R`76Ae`R8  
        op.val1 = tlens ~BERs;4  
        op.parent = parID d#ya"e>  
        AddOperation eID, op ?uU0NKZA  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Te[[xhTyw  
    IywovN Tr  
        '************************************************************************* 7v?tSob:b  
        'Lens index of refraction S4qh8c  
        '************************************************************************* 7@fd[  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) c5;YKON  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 8kW9.   
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        mat.Nd = nlens / v5Pk.!o  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat qt^%jIv  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens a}i{b2B  
    &I'~:nWpt  
        '************************************************************************* 'x+0 yd  
        'Pupil diameter u\t[rC=yd  
        '************************************************************************* ^nbze  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Jgtv ia  
    z9w@-])  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) $rFv(Qc^=  
    iL|*g3`-f  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" iN`/pW/JE  
    /D1Bf:'(  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens zHb<YpU  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) @]3(l  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) &U4]hawbOU  
        count = 0 &Ei dc .  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count II>X6  
            GetOperation eID, count, op qgI Jg6x/}  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then U|{WtuR  
                DeleteOperation eID,count M?[lpH3  
                count=count-1 ,yV pB)IQ  
            End If ?z:xQ*#X  
            count=count+1 *ivbk /8  
        Wend T?AGQcG  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Kw!`u^>  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Z"Et]xSU%$  
        op.parent = parID Q.z2 (&  
        AddOperation eID, op a P{xMB#1h  
    +S;8=lzuV  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam OQ+?nB  
    $ZcmE<7k  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description wTIf#y1=9  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) et9 c<'  
        GetEntity eID, entity D|e6$O5o  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" c}QQ8'_  
        SetEntity eID, entity 7DOAG[gH  
    g-+p(Ll|  
        Update Z NCq /  
        Print "DONE!" ,P auP~L  
         Xo%Anqk  
    End Sub 6bHj<6>MX  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: tCc}}2bC&  
    @C z1rKU^l  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters n0vPW^EQ  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm *,'"\n  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 LR9'BUfFv  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6@l:(-(j2A  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 i w m7M  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 t:M>&r:BL  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 / /wmJ |  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 xHD!8 B)  
    DONE! QQ!,W':  
     
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