切换到宽版
  • 广告投放
  • 稿件投递
  • 繁體中文
    • 1896阅读
    • 0回复

    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

    上一主题 下一主题
    离线infotek
     
    发帖
    6421
    光币
    26250
    光券
    0
    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 Z RVt2  
    f_~T  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 .p[uIRd`  
    C[7!pd  
    模型 vk7IqlEQ  
    T?8BAxC?K  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 X=QX9Ux?^  
    "laf:Ty1  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    N:`_Vl  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. MJ}{Q1|*  
    v5[gFY(?  
    光源 Rw+r1vW:A  
    KL$.E!d  
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ;\pr05  
    IdmP!(u  
    g QBS#NY  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    e{x>u(  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 oCT,v0+4O  
    -d ,D!  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 72l:[5ccR  
    f I1CT)0<e  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 Ii0\Skb  
    j@xIa-{*  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
    $0V+<  
    视网膜的散射 =M1}HF,7>l  
    P'KA-4!  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 tA1?8`bQ  
    3zsp 6kV  
    @`[e1KQ  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    [RBSUOF  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 &eMd^l}:#  
    i!YfR]"}  
    6 IvAs-%W  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    8g -u  
    脚本 (wu'FFJp#  
    d(^8#4  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: []>rYZ9bv  
    N8 2 6xvA  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    k| OM?\  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    ';R]`vWFe  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 b ri[&=  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Ou[`)|>  
    Noj*K6  
    分析 lJ3VMYVrUP  
    `,AOxJ:$  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 |uy@v6  
    t?9J'.p  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    "|JbdI]%P  
    脚本代码 $~5H-wJ  
    dNR /|  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. [W )%0lx  
    B  W*8  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY +pYgh8w@  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION {XU!p: x  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL syu/"KY^!  
    Dim A As Double M"*NV(".g  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double w6Gez~ 8  
    Dim eID As Long YT-ua{ .^  
    Dim parID As Long lL zR5445)  
    Dim count As Integer vyS>3(NZ  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double #~p;s>  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double r(S h  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double PxYK)n9&  
    Dim ok As Long B-g-T>8  
    @ 95p[  
    Sub Main @7}XBg[pI  
    ou0TKE9 _  
        '用户输入对话框 (+gTIcc >  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 =w`Mc\o"  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 \JPMGcL  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 r )~?5d  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 rhLhFN{h  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 8b0j rt  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 od#Lad@p  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 @~vg=(ic(  
        End Dialog ([<{RjPb  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog MgP|'H3\  
    6<@ mB Z  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) X8v)yDtw  
    (}F@0WYT^O  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed K 'I6iCrD  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ^/Hf$tYI!`  
            End n',7=~  
        End If : F3UJ[V  
    bq5ySy{8  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Q1Qw45$  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Q}Ah{H0C  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation B Hp>(7,  
        Else a1_ N~4r`  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) _3W .:  
        End If N @_y<7#C  
    rmBzLZ}  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then +s_a{iMVP  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter d_(;sW"I  
        Else K?M~x&Q  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) XR8`,qH>  
        End If De 3;}]wC  
    Q~"Lyy8  
        Print " " X*#\JF4$i  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 5M>p%/  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" zEQQ4)mA  
    auIW>0?}  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation _"F=4`lJ  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ~i?Jg/qcxN  
    t{UWb~"  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens A' ![*O  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens [qxpu{  
    Q,9KLi3  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Uf_mwEE  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens C% z9Q  
    z1tD2jL_  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ~BTm6*'h  
    p\I3fI0i  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction !p ~.Y+  
    +?t& 7={~  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation K~]Xx~F  
    x-@?:P*  
        '************************************************************************* "=%YyH~WY  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens)  o4 "HE*  
        '************************************************************************* G,6`:l  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) PRYm1Y  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity P\[K)N/1  
    902A,*qq  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) q~18JB4WPJ  
    7^)yo#i4  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z SANb g&$  
        count = 0 _ZWU~38PM  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count U4a8z<l$  
            GetOperation eID, count, op #6y fIvap  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %/U'Wu{*  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ~y Dl & S  
                count=count-1 i+Ne.h  
            End If ^eoW+OxH  
            count=count+1 .2P3 !KCL  
        Wend zB7 ^L^Y  
    -hF!_);{  
        'Set new shift in x`p908S^  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" vGH]7jht  
        op.val1 = taq t ~]' {[F  
        op.parent = parID )abH//Pps.  
        AddOperation eID, op yWN'va1+$  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 {R7RBX  
    B'B0e`  
        '************************************************************************* o{2B^@+Vb  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens :[PA.Upi  
        '************************************************************************* N1>M<N03  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) HA$7Q~{N-t  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic otdv;xI9  
    Q^Vch(`&P  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant =L"I[  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant FAGi`X<L  
    8;UkZN"hy5  
        '************************************************************************* Jn&u u  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 5M>SrZH  
        '************************************************************************* 2*-qEUl1  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ,ueA'GZ  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :-2sKD y  
    qIy9{LF  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost >FFp"%%  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Nhjz~S<o  
    DM,;W`|6%  
        '*************************************************************************  Cb|R  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ]3U|K .G  
        '************************************************************************* =xH>,-8}  
    Y}\3PaUa  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) +miL naO~L  
    dDYor-g>  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 1JGww]JZo  
        count = 0 i&}LuF8  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count I=E\=UTG,5  
            GetOperation eID, count, op a5]]AkvA  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then v9D[| 4  
                DeleteOperation eID,count od vUU#l  
                count=count-1 Z 2uU'T  
            End If 2Y}A9Veb  
            count=count+1 TU| 0I  
        Wend o:%;AOcl  
    @nj`T{*.  
        'Set new z-shift nzB!0U  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" y+.(E-g  
        op.val1 = tlens ;UQ&yj%x  
        op.parent = parID 'Te'wh=Y  
        AddOperation eID, op 2Aq+:ud)P  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens iqTmgE-  
    5)4?i p  
        '************************************************************************* rsK b9G  
        'Lens index of refraction tgrZs8?  
        '************************************************************************* *ul-D42!U  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) F xXnX  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat @j r$4pM?  
    Kku@!lv  
        mat.Nd = nlens K+U0YMRmz  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat %C >Win)g  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $O9#4A;  
    %G]WOq=q  
        '************************************************************************* rIj B{X{Z  
        'Pupil diameter J s,.$t  
        '************************************************************************* ][T>052v  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ; JHf0  
    pmDFmES  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 04E#d.o '  
    h`:gMhn  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ^+dL7g?+  
    i~*#z&4A+  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens f:A1j\A?  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) sCAWrbOe>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ?CuwA-j  
        count = 0 2MKB (;k  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Z1+1>|-iW  
            GetOperation eID, count, op #$-`+P  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then oSs~*mf  
                DeleteOperation eID,count cfW;gFf  
                count=count-1 vj<JjGP  
            End If @yn1#E,  
            count=count+1 k Rp$[^ma  
        Wend Al}%r85  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" E"Y[k8-:2/  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 09HqiROw  
        op.parent = parID ~$ "P\iJ  
        AddOperation eID, op bX&=*L+ h6  
    140_WV?7  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 8<X; 8R  
    (yhnv Z  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description DqBiBH[%h  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Q2xzux~T  
        GetEntity eID, entity 6t`cY  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" hdH}4W  
        SetEntity eID, entity H}}C>p"!,  
    A]s|"Pav,  
        Update WQYw@M~4Q!  
        Print "DONE!" m2PI^?|e  
         N/N~>7f  
    End Sub 4#w Z#}  
     i(n BXV{  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: @7,k0H9Moa  
    &^^V*O  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters E(Y}*.\]#s  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm c\(CbC  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Meo. V|1  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 /X97dF)zt  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 4oRDvn7f&  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 <Is~DjIav  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 5Ls ][l7  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 #\$AB_[ot>  
    DONE! ~k'SP(6#C  
     
    分享到