[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Elq8WtS  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 0Yjy  
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模型 d#tUG~jc  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 FTenXJ/c  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. T:&+#0<  
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光源 awK'XFk  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 R`&ioRWj  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 w8i!Qi#y5D  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Z9D4;1  
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视网膜的散射 |<*(`\'w  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 w3Ohm7N[  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 $(R) =4  
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脚本 ^!qmlx*  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： NLl~/smMS  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 1znV>PO!  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ,9qB}HG  
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分析 @RIEO%S  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 NR&9:?  
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脚本代码 ELF`uWGE  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. k#JG  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY @t8kN6.  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ] <3?=$  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL q'U5QyuC  
Dim A As Double b H_pNx81  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 8M9\<k6  
Dim eID As Long IJY5wP1
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Dim parID As Long U]0)$OH5e  
Dim count As Integer ~x"79=!W  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ~vV)|  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double .p(l+  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double o}
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Dim ok As Long vfUfrk@D~  
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Sub Main V55J[s*6!  
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    '用户输入对话框 9[{>JRm.  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 o`mIi  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0  'Q>z**  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ?_>^<1I1  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 <>i+R#u{  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 4F,Ql"ae(  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 (TNY2Ke2 8  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 S<!_ uq  
    End Dialog !5%5]9'n@*  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog qf`xH"$  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) hdtnC29$  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 2{B(j&{  
        Print "Execution cancelled." C%
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        End C<t'f(4s`u  
    End If 8J3@VD.  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ^I<T+X+<  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then j8Q5d`  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation Lp`<L-s  
    Else Cz@FZb8  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) /;NE]{K  
    End If M2E87w  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then CQjZAv  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 4^[}]'w  
    Else afF+*\xXN  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) PIEW\i  
    End If (#B^Hyz!  
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    Print " " .z$Sm  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" P"9@8aLB  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" { w8 !K  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation KT];SF^Y  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Ue3B+k9w  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens WiNr866nB  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 2rO)qjiH  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens BLwfm+ m"  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;Lsjh#  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness q)?p$\  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction VPM|Rj:d  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ByhOK}u;P4  
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    '************************************************************************* 4\1wyN /}M  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) WbQhlsc:  
    '************************************************************************* 8K.s@<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) P(pd0,%i;a  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity NqT1b
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) VR4E 2^  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z "u<jbD  
    count = 0 <Spr6U9p7  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count E
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        GetOperation eID, count, op H}h~~7E  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then '!
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            DeleteOperation eID,count %Lp2jyv.  
            count=count-1 DYo<5^0  
        End If (B>)2:T1  
        count=count+1 (|g").L  
    Wend C~ZE95g  
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    'Set new shift in t
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 9m\)\/V  
    op.val1 = taq 7szls71/=  
    op.parent = parID >oft :7p  
    AddOperation eID, op [as-3&5S  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 d[Rb:Yw  
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    '************************************************************************* Zk]k1]u*5  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens +"YTCzv;t  
    '************************************************************************* 3D 9N:c  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ljup#:n  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic =cdh'"XN  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant DH\wD
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant W *YW6  
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    '************************************************************************* 5U0ytDZ2/(  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens E x_L!9>!  
    '************************************************************************* C!!mOAhJ
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) D3%l4.h  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic WYSck&9  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 0fn
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost t-!Rgg$9  
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    '************************************************************************* UskZ%J  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) r~)VGdB+  
    '************************************************************************* .r~'(g{qt  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) HjV\lcK:v  
    count = 0 5\VxXiy0  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count mYX56,b}5  
        GetOperation eID, count, op S&n[4*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then c
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            DeleteOperation eID,count mH'\:oN  
            count=count-1 NtHbwU,  
        End If xC)7eQn/R  
        count=count+1 (F_w>w.h  
    Wend rwoF}}  
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    'Set new z-shift DWu
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]a)IMIh;
 
    op.val1 = tlens F b1EMVu  
    op.parent = parID ,MRvuw0P  
    AddOperation eID, op @|^jq  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ]yo_wGiwY  
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    '************************************************************************* {n\6BT
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    'Lens index of refraction h:f;
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    '************************************************************************* !@( M_Z'  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) /;DjJpwf0  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat :#Ty^-"]1  
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    mat.Nd = nlens rWJ*e Y  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 5KK{%6#f\  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens XHy?  
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    '************************************************************************* Cgo9
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    'Pupil diameter S:#e8H_7m]  
    '************************************************************************* N9pwWg&<+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) fO#?k<p  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) #7+]%;h  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" )]wuF`  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens .`Sw,XL5  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) V+46R ]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) A9t8`|1"%H  
    count = 0 .W$ sxVXB  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count PzLJ/QER  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 4HW;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then qT$)Rb&  
            DeleteOperation eID,count GJvp{U}y9I  
            count=count-1 r4EoJyt  
        End If V7BsEw  
        count=count+1 +ZX.1[O  
    Wend TQ?#PRB  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" KYf;_C,$  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 @O'I)(To  
    op.parent = parID 4Ppop  
    AddOperation eID, op 9Yn)t#G'`F  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 4b=
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description %;tJQ%6-.S  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) '^DUq?E4  
    GetEntity eID, entity *.o"ZVl  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" T~h.=5  
    SetEntity eID, entity (V!0'9c  
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    Update j-QGOuvW  
    Print "DONE!" [EER4@_  
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End Sub cN5"i
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： $C$ub&D ~"  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ncj!KyU  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm AC'lS >7s  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 n_}aZB3;U  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 !U
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 1LX)4TCC  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 WU7cF81$  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Td&d,;  
Set pupil diameter = 4 h"r!q[MNo  
DONE! n>S2}y
 
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