Foreword <{A |Xs
The international Energy Agency (IEA) founded in November 1974, is an autonomous body liVj-*m
within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development U( "m}^
(OECD) which carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its 23 k0-,qM#p;X
member countries. The European Commission also participates in the work of the Agency. F0+@FS0
The IEA PhotoVoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) is one of the collaborative R&D )Jd{WC.
agreements established within the IEA, and since 1993, its Participants have been conducting a Ec|5'Kz]
variety of joint projects in the applications of Photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into __,}/|K2
electricity. 1EA} [x
The Overall programme is headed by an Executive Committee composed of one representative qeoj
from each participating country, while the management of individual research projects (Tasks) Z$ Mc{
is the responsibility of Operating Agents. Currently nine Tasks have been established in the O.wk*m!9
IEA PVPS programme. +L<x0-&
The Twenty one members are: Australia (AUS), Austria (AUT), Canada (CAN), Denmark Y1U\VU
(DNK), European Commission, Finland (FIN), France (FRA), Germany (DEU), Israel (ISR), kI#yW!
Italy (ITA), Japan (JPN), Korea (KOR), Mexico (MEX), The Netherlands (NLD), Norway Z/= HQ8
(NOR), Portugal (PRT), Spain (ESP), Sweden (SWE), Switzerland (CHE), The United 6R%N jEW:
Kingdom (GBR), and The United States (USA). atjrn:X
Task III of the PVPS programme, active since 1993, focuses on the exchange of information, /mFa*~dj2
quality assurance and technical surveys on stand alone PV applications. Stand-alone PV /N\[ C"8
systems will continue to represent a significant PV market segment, not only in developing |>AHc_:$$
countries, but also in the important home markets of industrial countries. Experts from 15 IEA )x&OdFX
countries are sharing their experiences in this area. i sV9nWo$
This battery guide is intended for a wide use also close to the end customers to increase the aT%6d@g
hands on battery knowledge and thereby increase the system reliability and reduce the lifecycle %%Z|6V74
cost for battery storage in small stand alone photovoltaic systems. Also some basic **lT ' D
environmental concerns are addressed. The report has been prepared under the supervision of r J_fg$.<
Task III by: h**mAa0f o
Bo Andersson, Catella Generics, (battery expertise) (SWE) D}:M0EBS
Staffan Ulvönäs, (illustrations) (SWE) mRC6m
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Bengt Perers, Vattenfall Utveckling AB (PV system and applications expertise) (SWE) A+1>n^^_<
06 December 1999
