Foreword @L-] %C
The international Energy Agency (IEA) founded in November 1974, is an autonomous body q r<+@Q
within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
BH<jnQ
(OECD) which carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its 23 `mt x+C
member countries. The European Commission also participates in the work of the Agency. ,B'n0AO/'
The IEA PhotoVoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) is one of the collaborative R&D 4WAs_~
agreements established within the IEA, and since 1993, its Participants have been conducting a o8ERU($/
variety of joint projects in the applications of Photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into n N_ Ylw
electricity. N!Q~?/!d
The Overall programme is headed by an Executive Committee composed of one representative QnZ7e#@UP
from each participating country, while the management of individual research projects (Tasks) `Lr I^9Z
is the responsibility of Operating Agents. Currently nine Tasks have been established in the R'z
-#*[
IEA PVPS programme. g'pB<?'E'
The Twenty one members are: Australia (AUS), Austria (AUT), Canada (CAN), Denmark 'CfM'f3uu
(DNK), European Commission, Finland (FIN), France (FRA), Germany (DEU), Israel (ISR), &F 3'tf?
Italy (ITA), Japan (JPN), Korea (KOR), Mexico (MEX), The Netherlands (NLD), Norway PF+SHT'4}#
(NOR), Portugal (PRT), Spain (ESP), Sweden (SWE), Switzerland (CHE), The United LJ h^-FQ
Kingdom (GBR), and The United States (USA). ;+Sc Vz
Task III of the PVPS programme, active since 1993, focuses on the exchange of information, 3
{OZdl|
quality assurance and technical surveys on stand alone PV applications. Stand-alone PV z 0F'zN 3J
systems will continue to represent a significant PV market segment, not only in developing hgU#2` fS
countries, but also in the important home markets of industrial countries. Experts from 15 IEA aGx[?}=
countries are sharing their experiences in this area. C4h4W3w
This battery guide is intended for a wide use also close to the end customers to increase the Y@# r GV>
hands on battery knowledge and thereby increase the system reliability and reduce the lifecycle 9^z A(
cost for battery storage in small stand alone photovoltaic systems. Also some basic O={
?c1i:
environmental concerns are addressed. The report has been prepared under the supervision of k3- 7Vyg
Task III by: d^:(-2l-
Bo Andersson, Catella Generics, (battery expertise) (SWE) + 2j]
Staffan Ulvönäs, (illustrations) (SWE) )zMsKfQ
Bengt Perers, Vattenfall Utveckling AB (PV system and applications expertise) (SWE) 7,!$lT#
06 December 1999
