Foreword c@x6<S%*
The international Energy Agency (IEA) founded in November 1974, is an autonomous body oIGF=x,e8
within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 3XIL; 5
(OECD) which carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its 23 B) B R
y%
member countries. The European Commission also participates in the work of the Agency. 30b dcDm,
The IEA PhotoVoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) is one of the collaborative R&D d Z}|G-:
agreements established within the IEA, and since 1993, its Participants have been conducting a >9,LN;Ic
variety of joint projects in the applications of Photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into FyqsFTh_
electricity. q"u,r6ED
The Overall programme is headed by an Executive Committee composed of one representative .RpWE.C
from each participating country, while the management of individual research projects (Tasks) KT0Pmpp5
is the responsibility of Operating Agents. Currently nine Tasks have been established in the y]}N [l
IEA PVPS programme. df{6!}/(
The Twenty one members are: Australia (AUS), Austria (AUT), Canada (CAN), Denmark [tkP2%1
(DNK), European Commission, Finland (FIN), France (FRA), Germany (DEU), Israel (ISR), v+W4wD
Italy (ITA), Japan (JPN), Korea (KOR), Mexico (MEX), The Netherlands (NLD), Norway +J3Y}A4W3X
(NOR), Portugal (PRT), Spain (ESP), Sweden (SWE), Switzerland (CHE), The United Uy<n7*H
Kingdom (GBR), and The United States (USA). lz4M)pL^
Task III of the PVPS programme, active since 1993, focuses on the exchange of information, %FJB9?9=|
quality assurance and technical surveys on stand alone PV applications. Stand-alone PV jZ0/@zOf
systems will continue to represent a significant PV market segment, not only in developing gT2 k}5d}p
countries, but also in the important home markets of industrial countries. Experts from 15 IEA *0z'!m12
countries are sharing their experiences in this area. %UB+N 8x`a
This battery guide is intended for a wide use also close to the end customers to increase the 8u"HW~~=
hands on battery knowledge and thereby increase the system reliability and reduce the lifecycle FO)`&s"&2
cost for battery storage in small stand alone photovoltaic systems. Also some basic OE2r2ad
environmental concerns are addressed. The report has been prepared under the supervision of 9`Xr7gmQf
Task III by: #@<L$"L
Bo Andersson, Catella Generics, (battery expertise) (SWE) vP^V3
Staffan Ulvönäs, (illustrations) (SWE) V82hk0*j
Bengt Perers, Vattenfall Utveckling AB (PV system and applications expertise) (SWE) s} oD?h:T3
06 December 1999
