"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith gNJ,Bj Pd
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition |><hdBQXX<
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1 Introduction l\7N R
1.1 Lens Design Books 'NF_!D
1.2 Reference Material {7&(2Z]z
1.3 Specifications =D.M}xqo
1.4 Lens Design ,@ A1eX}
1.5 Lens Design Program Features `An`"$z
1.6 About This Book B`)o?GcVN
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2 Automatic Lens Design R,CFU l7Q
2.2 The Merit Function WmTSxneo
2.3 Local Minima dxbP'2~
2.4 The Landscape Lens -M}#-qwf
2.5 Types of Merit Function U2z1HIs
2.6 Stagnation \D(6t!Ox
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing PLR[nB7K
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization RWtD81(oC'
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems
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2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits a9PSg/p
2.11 Spectral Weighting PVvNu5k
2.12 How to Get Started BsiHVr
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3 Improving a Design |
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3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques iLw O4i
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 2C^/;z
3.3 Splitting Elements u5^fiw]C
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet A\Rkt;:
3.5 Compounding an Element ko\VDyt,
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses e`ti*1]q
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem DK 4 8
3.8 Balancing Aberrations s 7re
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle T8E=}!68w}
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces q
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design wjW>#DE
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation :5hKE(3Q
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance KCd}N
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations {vh}f+2
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function r4/G&m[V
4.5 Fabrication Considerations <4SY'-w
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5 Lens Design Data WGFp<R
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs W]MKc&R
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ^6s<
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign |Fz/9+I
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF f<WP<!N%
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots R=P=?U.
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot tcyami6D4
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6 Telescope Objective 7K3S\oPej
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 4E]w4BG)
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective M72.
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective X@KF}x's
6.4 Spherochromatism C o v,#j j
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration c?B@XIl
6.6 Induced Aberrations "&*O7cs$pA
6.7 Three-Element Objectives %LeG.~?
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) b,"gBg
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet zu}oeAQc$
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design ! iuDmL
6.11 A Final Note -
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers =W'a6)WE
7.1 Eyepieces *TQXE:vZ[
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 1'DD9d{qN
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces "L^]a$&
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular 3T^f#UT
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces dPplZ,Y%
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces .%;`:dtj
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier sy`@q<h(
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces o?(({HH
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ^`>,~$Q
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats =Hplg>h)
8.2 Glass Choice ^\=<geEj
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations tKOTQ8i4
8.4 Other Design Considerations 3)\jUVuj
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens l,j7I3&~%
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet wdg,dk9e$
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet A;ip
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8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses iJ n<
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces C+ar]Vi
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness kt?G\H!}
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9 Split Triplets FG/". dU
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets CT5\8C
10.1 The Classic Tessar Er/h:=
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac pu#h:nb>88
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens ZlQ@k{Es~
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets ~ 8L]!OQ9=
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats `{w.OK
11.1 Meniscus Components j}9][Fm1*
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon O[%"zO"S
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens cmG*"
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses FW* k O
11.5 The Split Dagor /}+VH_N1
11.6 The Dogmar |f5WN&c
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens pG"pvfEl9f
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens cGF_|1`
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version %siBCjvo=
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens s
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12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet -u)f@e
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet P5$d#Y(=
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element 2J?ON|2M
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar dCq-&3?t
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay bO 8 >w9MF
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13 Telephoto Lenses WcRTv"4&
13.1 The Basic Telephoto Nr~9] S
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses VF#2I%R*
13.3 Telephoto Designs r?cDyQE
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch KX8$j$yW
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses vNdMPulr{
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle T''PzY!Qf
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens (!'=?B "
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses $MW-c*5a
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses {7EnM1]
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses !+bLhW`
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens `Uz2(zqS
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens @:2<cn`
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener d}d1]@Y\
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses dP[vXhc
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 1#nR$
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17 Microscope Objectives ?HD
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17.1 General Considerations TNi4H:\
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front sY|by\-c
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives 8]G
17.4 Reflecting Objectives yT3q~#:
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs ;dC>$_P?
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems rN$U%\.I
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors aL)}S%5o?
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems oc|%|pmRd<
18.3 Catadioptric Systems %R|_o<(#MJ
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems 2Ra}&ie
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids *s=jKV#
18.6 Unobscured Systems G`;YB
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” Wi;wu*
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems N*^iOm]Y
19.1 Infrared Optics a9f!f %9
19.2 IR Objective Lenses to2#PXf]y
19.3 IR Telescope (ncm]W
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders UrC>n
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems wSV}{9}wr%
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses >]ghme
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20 Zoom Lenses H$@5\pP>
20.1 Zoom Lenses S]"U(JmW\
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras ,ORwMZtw{H
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens H\>0jr`
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens MBIlt
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20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure fen~k#|l
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses
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21.1 Projection TV Lenses 13JZ\`ceb
21.2 Macro Lenses e>zv+9'Q
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses x$SxGc~4gb
22.1 Monochromatic Systems uc~/l4~N
22.2 Scanner Lenses z+5ZUS2~&
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses `GpOS_;
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23 Tolerance Budgeting _o+z#Fn z
23.1 The Tolerance Budget qN=l$_UD
23.2 Additive Tolerances &s{" Vc9]
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget
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24 Formulary Yk^clCB{A(
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions QjIn0MJ)Xm
24.2 The Cardinal Points o5(~nQ
24.3 Image Equations _\ &