"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith UFf,+4q
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition ])UwC-l
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1 Introduction K"^cq~
1.1 Lens Design Books A _i zSzC1
1.2 Reference Material 70=(. [^+
1.3 Specifications qK,V$l(4#
1.4 Lens Design 8JP6M!F#
1.5 Lens Design Program Features :*cHA
1.6 About This Book Y$ +QNi
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2 Automatic Lens Design g b(#DbI
2.2 The Merit Function XR+rT
2.3 Local Minima FR["e1<0
2.4 The Landscape Lens zQ<88E&&Xs
2.5 Types of Merit Function 69iM0X!'u
2.6 Stagnation F1J#Y$q~L
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing 0O[l?e4,8{
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization >j:|3 atb
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems UO1$UF!
QC
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits I{EIHD<
2.11 Spectral Weighting kF?S 2(vH
2.12 How to Get Started LyV#j>gD
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3 Improving a Design lz}llLb1
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques gw J}]Tf
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) VfRs[ 3Q
3.3 Splitting Elements *_#&"(P
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 0mVuD\#=!
3.5 Compounding an Element PF6 7z]<o
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses @.1 Qs`pt
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ng
9NE8F
3.8 Balancing Aberrations [aHlu [,
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle Yw1Y -M
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces F^]aC98]1
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design CWBbS Gk
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 'Q R4~`6I
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance *#6|!%? g
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations /k)
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4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function zu<>" 5}]
4.5 Fabrication Considerations K#@K"N =
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5 Lens Design Data c8q G\\t[
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ]| z")gOE
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ~T7\8K+ $
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign a}w&dE$!-
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF F=: c5z
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots pLPd[a
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot kR _E6Fl
1 0V+OIC
6 Telescope Objective N" ; ^S
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet :/~_sJt C
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective gkLr]z v
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective h~:H?pj3g
6.4 Spherochromatism =uS8>.Qj
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration G V=V^Fl .
6.6 Induced Aberrations F=V oFmF @
6.7 Three-Element Objectives ON NW.xHp
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ?o@E 1:aA
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet sv @}x [L
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design pIL`WE1'
6.11 A Final Note S`4e@Z$
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers L^&do98
7.1 Eyepieces Sw[=S '(l
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs f}A^]6MO:
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces jD<9=B(g
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular 27$\sG|g
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces g *^wF?t'T
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces f&f[La
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier c'S M>7L
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces $*g{[&L|6
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats K:C+/ O
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats %sYk0~E
8.2 Glass Choice ;>sq _4_
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations oA[2)BU
8.4 Other Design Considerations N%: D8\ qx
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens < x ^IwS
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet dr}O+7_7%-
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Ed4_<:
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses G6f %/m`
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces A-}PpH~.Z
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness
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9 Split Triplets iFY]0@yt
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets [sjrb?Xd
10.1 The Classic Tessar ;9 lqS v/6
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac l@ (t^68OD
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens |P^ikx6f5
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 9
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10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar \t[
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats ^Jc$BMaVg
11.1 Meniscus Components `W6:=H
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon QJb7U5:B+
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens \nn56o@eN
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses " 87O4
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11.5 The Split Dagor \;4L~_2$q
11.6 The Dogmar i+kFL $N
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens Tey,N^= ek
Tq_1wX'\
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens t"jIfU>'a/
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 2X
qPZ]2g
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens bf&.rJ0
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet d{vc
wZQ
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet |s)VjS4@
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element fq)Ohb
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 3uB=L 7.
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay 7R%
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13 Telephoto Lenses k
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13.1 The Basic Telephoto zzD NWPzsA
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses 4+Li)A:4.
13.3 Telephoto Designs w-{#6/<kI5
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch 9u -M! $
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses w yuJSB
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle *RUd!]bh
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens \rB/83[;u
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 4DG 9`5.
G~ Q*:m
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses \{Ox@
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses M9ter&
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens ?(|TP^
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens o}j_eH l{
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener KBUAdpU8
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses giA~+m~fN
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems Cv?<} q
@eAGN|C5
17 Microscope Objectives mYsuNTx!.
17.1 General Considerations O4 'kS
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front qW` XA
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives V@5 4k*V
17.4 Reflecting Objectives Xm0&U?dZB
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs NUxAv= xl
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ePu2t3E
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors !<['iM
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems Y` [HjS ,
18.3 Catadioptric Systems V}Y~z)i0
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems MFCbx>#
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids ]ZU:%Qhu
18.6 Unobscured Systems S|=rF<]my
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” O
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems M 25z<Y
19.1 Infrared Optics uV*f[l
19.2 IR Objective Lenses Xoa <r9
19.3 IR Telescope 2C
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19.4 Laser Beam Expanders tZc.%TU
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems "8C(_z+]K`
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses {) '"
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20 Zoom Lenses G + \~rl
20.1 Zoom Lenses '8kL1
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras !MG >z\:
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens
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20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens #/
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20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure Vms7
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses xVwi
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21.1 Projection TV Lenses dA M ilTo
21.2 Macro Lenses [b)K@ Ha
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses ah&plaVzC
22.1 Monochromatic Systems L}sm R,
22.2 Scanner Lenses 1PT_1[eAR
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses EF7|%N
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23 Tolerance Budgeting #D*J5k>2
23.1 The Tolerance Budget e[VJ0 A=
23.2 Additive Tolerances :O @,Z_"
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget Q/9vD v
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24 Formulary l8n[8AT1
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions TQxc?o
24.2 The Cardinal Points S r#fyr
24.3 Image Equations ^Ih dq89 t
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) B #V 4
24.5 Invariants V44sNi
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) hcqmjqJ
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships ]\b1~k i!F
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions gQzJ2LU(
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs DuC u6j
24.10 Stop Shift Equations cE8 _keR~
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces (k HQK Qmq
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) ~>-;(YU"t
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Glossary 0o'ML""j
Reference $!3t$-TSD
Index
