"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith z j/!In
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition F@* +{1R
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1 Introduction t \
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1.1 Lens Design Books aS pWsT
1.2 Reference Material w^#L9i'v'
1.3 Specifications Fb4`|
1.4 Lens Design }t ;(VynV)
1.5 Lens Design Program Features <6fv1d +v
1.6 About This Book
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2 Automatic Lens Design F P> )&3>_
2.2 The Merit Function [<{Kw=X__2
2.3 Local Minima 7yx$N n`(
2.4 The Landscape Lens Cf:#( D
2.5 Types of Merit Function }>'PT -
2.6 Stagnation :pF_GkG
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing DZv=\<$,LF
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization #fL8Kq
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems MUA%^)#u4Q
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits "d $m@c
2.11 Spectral Weighting zt<WXw(
2.12 How to Get Started y8 KX<2s1
2l
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3 Improving a Design l6~-8d+lfN
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ]a! x Ug!S
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) PZm:T +5H
3.3 Splitting Elements `KCh*i
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet ~j#]tEl b
3.5 Compounding an Element V %_4%
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses z)xSN;x
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ? B E6
3.8 Balancing Aberrations "F}'~HWZp
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle #! $GH_
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces !TP@-
X;
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design [b/k3&O'
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation .(X
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4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance F ! X}(N?t
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 1 $2D O
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function m "M("%
4.5 Fabrication Considerations HoLv`JA
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5 Lens Design Data $rhgzpZ!X_
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs u- o--q
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots I0'[!kBF|
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign O4g+D#Lu
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF [J
C:
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots NziZTU}
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot dDD<E?TjD
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6 Telescope Objective +*n-<x5"
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet Q f| U0
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective H %1$,]F
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective v$)q($}p
6.4 Spherochromatism 7nVRn9Hn
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration O$g_@B0E1
6.6 Induced Aberrations
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6.7 Three-Element Objectives w]_zp?\^
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6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) -@F fU2
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet Y9=(zOqv
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design Y];Ycj;
6.11 A Final Note jV/CQM5a+
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers c.|l-zAeX
7.1 Eyepieces ' i8 U
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs ';G1A
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 7P B)'Wl"6
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular kip`Myw+
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 20TCG0% x
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces Qe'g3z>
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ur\q OX|{
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 7 JDN{ !jT
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ]{
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8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats G\;}w
8.2 Glass Choice 7Mx 6
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ;&b%Se@#p
8.4 Other Design Considerations 3:5DL!Sm8J
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens g2R @`./S
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet (5 <^p&
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet #RMI&[M
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses P( SZ68
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces fIocq
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness =9G;PVk|
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9 Split Triplets gFPi7 o1
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets -/D|]qqHm
10.1 The Classic Tessar rxO2js
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac o\ `>c:.
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens kJ(A,s|
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets -#29xRPk
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar {C^@Q"I
;50_0Mv;(:
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats kz q29S
11.1 Meniscus Components jAND7&W
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon up%Z$"Y
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens %g cc
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11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses (X6sSO
11.5 The Split Dagor p{=QGrxB*
11.6 The Dogmar quo^fqS&a
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens (vJ2z
= z
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens -@IL"U6
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 3P <'F2o
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens q6wr=OWD
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet `!G7k
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet ]$M<]w,IJ2
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element *o' 4,+=am
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 0+b 0 <
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay PK&2h,Cu+
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13 Telephoto Lenses z}.D"
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13.1 The Basic Telephoto }~o
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13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses #
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13.3 Telephoto Designs 2D([Z -<i
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch DI&MC9j(
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses _a+ICqR
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle >&H~nGP .
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens TK>{qxt:=
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses d<@Mdo<;?g
b0a}ME&1
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses ?z"KnR+?Q
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses hkW{88
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens [.q(h/b
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens w}M3x^9@
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener
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16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses g]`bnZ7
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems kd;'}x=5yP
?An,-N-ezf
17 Microscope Objectives H2Eb\v`#
17.1 General Considerations 4w {-'M.B
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front k_3j
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17.3 Flat-Field Objectives H_X?dj15
17.4 Reflecting Objectives h)E|?b_
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs ; IC'Gq
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ?En7_X{C?
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors " OGdE_E
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems <{019Oa
18.3 Catadioptric Systems
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18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems A/K hk2-:
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids )o8g=7Jm
18.6 Unobscured Systems $o^e:Y ,
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18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” "g
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems M\yHUS6N
19.1 Infrared Optics <pOl[5v]
19.2 IR Objective Lenses <lOaor
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19.3 IR Telescope i d ?_>9@P
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders iMWW%@U^=
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems ~tNY"{OV#
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses k, X74D+
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20 Zoom Lenses Zu=kT}aGg
20.1 Zoom Lenses oP]L5S&A
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras >I-g[*
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ]
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20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens n+qu SF)
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 2cjEex:&
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses CT}' ")Bm
21.1 Projection TV Lenses l^,qO3ES
21.2 Macro Lenses N ?+eWY
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 6_U |(f
22.1 Monochromatic Systems 8ath45G @
22.2 Scanner Lenses .&chdVcxyS
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 9- G b"hr
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23 Tolerance Budgeting P Ey /k.
23.1 The Tolerance Budget Yzd2G,kZ=
23.2 Additive Tolerances ou;qO
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23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget cDO:'-
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24 Formulary @,YlmX}
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions JmjxGcG
24.2 The Cardinal Points u0 BMyH
24.3 Image Equations .\)k+ R
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) !2tw, QM
24.5 Invariants sVcdj|j
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) A |C_np^z2
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships \[k% )_
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions K6(.K EW
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs hBoP=X .~
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ,|iy1yg(
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces /u ?9S/
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) WQ.i$ID/
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Glossary nF j- <!
Reference UnjNR[=
Index
