"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith G<.p".o4
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition LF+#PnK
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1 Introduction 4ujw/`:/m
1.1 Lens Design Books vUa~PN+Iy
1.2 Reference Material `q Sfo`
1.3 Specifications sW%U3,j
1.4 Lens Design K{[yS B
1.5 Lens Design Program Features >L$g ;(g
1.6 About This Book (Bs0/C
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2 Automatic Lens Design + >o/Ob
2.2 The Merit Function nA8]/r1k
2.3 Local Minima }>:v
2.4 The Landscape Lens 2^ 'X
2.5 Types of Merit Function M7vc/E}]n
2.6 Stagnation KA:>7-
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing :CEhc7gU
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization iN%\wkx*N
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems V^Wo%e7#u[
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits _%Q\G,a;
2.11 Spectral Weighting n y6-_mA]
2.12 How to Get Started 2%g)0[1
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3 Improving a Design /$zYSP)YT
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques b{H&%Jx)
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) k>#,1GbNZy
3.3 Splitting Elements 'qBg^c
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet CFD& -tED&
3.5 Compounding an Element <rc3&qmd
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses pK O\tkMJ
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem HKO00p7
3.8 Balancing Aberrations 8EZ"z
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3.9 The Symmetrical Principle NC::;e
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces Tysh~C|1
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design bG
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4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation :,<e
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance @=x=dL(
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations hnS
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4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function E@QsuS2&
4.5 Fabrication Considerations !!f)w!wW
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5 Lens Design Data '/
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5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs eG26m_S=
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots Ty\&ARjb 8
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 'LIJpk3J
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF j<!rc>)2+L
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots H@2JL.(k
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot >L#&L?#
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6 Telescope Objective Fc>W]1
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet y|V/xm+Fp
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective 4VLrl8$K
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective R^P~iAO
6.4 Spherochromatism <jU[&~p
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration VkFTIyt
6.6 Induced Aberrations +g ovnx
6.7 Three-Element Objectives LoUi Yf
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) esmQ\QQ^1
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet Y~RPspHW
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design H?ssV^k
6.11 A Final Note MdT'xYomzQ
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers Zeyhr\T
7.1 Eyepieces 7}(LO^,A
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs Ac<V!v71
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces j y{T=Nb
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular t`03$&Cx7
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 2H fP$.
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces \^SL Zhe
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier Y>Q9?>}Q
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces yd5r]6ej
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats |{cdXbr
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats By6C+)up
8.2 Glass Choice ?rXh
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8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations wIuwq>
8.4 Other Design Considerations y!GjC]/
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens z.oDH<1
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet s@
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8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet S(mJ;C
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses Wcn3\v6_
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces ?I)-ez
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness +SkD/"5ng
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9 Split Triplets {4ON2{8;4
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets b,/fz6
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10.1 The Classic Tessar kx3H}od]
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac MX6*waQ-<
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens 3G8BYP
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 4JFi|oK0H
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar q%
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats L 7_Mg{
11.1 Meniscus Components 6G7B&"&
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon A,e/y
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens mN@)b+~(S
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses r0l ud&_9
11.5 The Split Dagor hE-`N,i}
11.6 The Dogmar #*,Jqr2f
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens l@4hBq
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens qqQnL[`)C
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version Fp+^`;j
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens Bo.x
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet \`jFy[(Pa'
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet lZV]Z3=p'0
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element 6Z
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12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar !V$nU8p|
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay r^_8y8&l
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13 Telephoto Lenses {o+aEMhM
13.1 The Basic Telephoto _s (0P*
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses 9c9-1iS
13.3 Telephoto Designs j#Ly!%dp
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch !Qjpj KRy
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses 7'7bIaJk
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle ./jkY7
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14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens j\q1b:pE
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses I/jMe'Kp
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses 1%^U=[#2`
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ?0hk~8c
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens H.XD8qi3W
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens xO9,,w47
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener p]*$m=t0r
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ,~X^8oY
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems B{H;3{0
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17 Microscope Objectives IpGq_TU
17.1 General Considerations 3ypB~bNw
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front UY*Hc
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives 44f8Hc1g
17.4 Reflecting Objectives s) u{A
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 91E!4t}I
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems kR7IZo"q
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors .sAcnf"
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems Y~dRvt0_w
18.3 Catadioptric Systems "'94E,W
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems mV@.JFXKP
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids -5>K
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18.6 Unobscured Systems )K -@{v^|
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” =bded(3Z
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems ;T/W7=4CZ
19.1 Infrared Optics |iLeOztuE
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 3F5r3T6j}
19.3 IR Telescope ~bL(mq
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders j^llO1i/
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems cInzwdh7
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ?T7`E q
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20 Zoom Lenses yrR<F5xge
20.1 Zoom Lenses j +@1frp
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras j,/OzVm9
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens tQ5gmj
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens x@m"[u
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses %N|7<n<S
21.1 Projection TV Lenses SY`NZJK
21.2 Macro Lenses _Z#yI/5r
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses zc'!a"
22.1 Monochromatic Systems *oY59Yf
22.2 Scanner Lenses "%D+_Yb'X
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses (=CV")tF
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23 Tolerance Budgeting 6JmS9ho
23.1 The Tolerance Budget *1ekw#'
23.2 Additive Tolerances W|G(x8
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget ^.mQ~F
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24 Formulary kFHq QsaG
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 2!~j(_TA
24.2 The Cardinal Points QV L92"
24.3 Image Equations 1jh^-d5
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) w)&] k#r
24.5 Invariants Up`$U~%-
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) "6Nma)8
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships H_ .@{8I
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions zY(w`Hm2
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs _;yp^^S
24.10 Stop Shift Equations j{7_p$JM
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces # h/-
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) ym2\o_^(
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