"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith @35]IxD
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition >r Glj
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1 Introduction |9JYg7<
1.1 Lens Design Books F.hC%Ncu
1.2 Reference Material 9 f+7vCA
1.3 Specifications Yq.@7cJ
1.4 Lens Design =^}2 /vA
1.5 Lens Design Program Features yV`vu/3K
1.6 About This Book @UBp;pb}=h
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2 Automatic Lens Design 9`b3=&i\
2.2 The Merit Function Kep?=9r4+
2.3 Local Minima o!d0
2.4 The Landscape Lens ea/6$f9^
2.5 Types of Merit Function 0eIR)#j*
2.6 Stagnation %vzpp\t
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing D':A-E
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization )nV x 2m4
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems -ybupUJcbv
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits % *hBrjbj
2.11 Spectral Weighting H2p;J#cv@
2.12 How to Get Started xCD+qP^
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3 Improving a Design N*;/~bt7P
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques kM@,^`&
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 0&@6NW&Mu
3.3 Splitting Elements cQ%HwYn
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 7va%-&.&t
3.5 Compounding an Element e V#H"fM
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses 1OKJE(T
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem 9`{cX
3.8 Balancing Aberrations CJ >=odK[
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle %8/$CR
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 9:WKG'E8a
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 'AU!xG6OQ
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation u-$AFSt
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance oc3/
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4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations A_+WY|#M
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function MmB-SR[>P
4.5 Fabrication Considerations xYq8\9Qb
;DOz92X94
5 Lens Design Data VrG |/2
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs 9v A`\\9
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots TnrMR1Zx
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign
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5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF Phczf
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots 6lGL.m'Ra
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot >X]<s^
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6 Telescope Objective RDbA"e5x
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet KRQ/wuv
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective )8_0 d)
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective ,DjZDw
6.4 Spherochromatism 0WFZx
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6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration n.)-aRu[
6.6 Induced Aberrations E_z@\z MB
6.7 Three-Element Objectives A,osrv
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ^s-3U
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet hf'3yEm
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design Ny#%7%(
6.11 A Final Note DI\^+P
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers 6 B
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7.1 Eyepieces otOl7XF
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs AxeWj%w@
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces %+.]>''a
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular )\e_I\-
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces &&JMw6
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7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces =F`h2 A;a
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier a7Jr} "B
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 4-\a]"c
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats IRQ(/:]
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats +$9w[ARN+
8.2 Glass Choice # a3Q<%V
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations .C1^QY-wL
8.4 Other Design Considerations myYe~f4=HQ
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens $?GF]BT
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet o)$sZ{` ="
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet 4bO7rhve
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses :+YFO.7
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces q*T+8O
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness PU8R
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9 Split Triplets {kC]x2 U
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets HdGy$m`
10.1 The Classic Tessar []@Mk
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac aoBM_#
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens }b-?Dm_H
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets `1P
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10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar d+bTRnL
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats Z/0M9 Q%
11.1 Meniscus Components Un<~P@T%
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon N>/U%01a
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens !:>y.^O
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses H1X6f7`
11.5 The Split Dagor |h3YL!
11.6 The Dogmar | o?@Eh
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens 6PTD%Rf\
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens ,
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12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version IE|$>q0Z
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens n>@(gDq
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ThHK1{87X}
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet uv@4/M`
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element ]-O:| q>]
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 7==Uoy*O
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay $GcVC (]
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13 Telephoto Lenses rc$G0O
13.1 The Basic Telephoto {RzlmDStV
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses b[/-lNrc
13.3 Telephoto Designs UCl,sn
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch LTi0,03l<
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses YS;Ql\4
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle xL mo?Y*
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens N!,@}s
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses _G`kj{J
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses RhYf+?2
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses #wt#-U;
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens ,l~i|_
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens ba
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16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener t,&1~_9
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses IAg#YFI
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems Xbfn@7m
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17 Microscope Objectives rR/PnVup
17.1 General Considerations OJ&~uV >2
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front MbF.KmV
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives TJ+yBMd*%
17.4 Reflecting Objectives ^'#vUj:"
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs AuWEy-q?
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems b]@^SN9
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors I>:M1Yc0
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems q&7J1
18.3 Catadioptric Systems dZ_Hj X7
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems ?oP<sGp
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids iFpJ/L
18.6 Unobscured Systems D/{hLp{
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” (oxe'\
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems ?9.SwIxU&
19.1 Infrared Optics aO6w:IO
19.2 IR Objective Lenses }fdo
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19.3 IR Telescope :IvKxOv
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders BlMc<k
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems dy`K5lC@
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses >}Fe9Y.o
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20 Zoom Lenses oF8#gn_
20.1 Zoom Lenses 83e{rcs
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras ,~>A>J
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 7ZqC1
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens CB:G4VqOT
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure .gzNdSE
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses gWL'Fl}H
21.1 Projection TV Lenses :[A>O(
21.2 Macro Lenses *\L\Bzm
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses h`;w/+/Zr
22.1 Monochromatic Systems OLg=kF[[
22.2 Scanner Lenses $GB/}$fd&
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 3]$qY_|7
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23 Tolerance Budgeting {d|e@`"T
23.1 The Tolerance Budget krnxM7y
23.2 Additive Tolerances \("|X>00
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget
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24 Formulary )!+~q!A
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions $qO%lJ:
24.2 The Cardinal Points ^M_0M
24.3 Image Equations 1CXO=Q
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) bVO{,P2o
24.5 Invariants }V:ZGP#!'
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 9=YX9nP
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships Ti:PKpc
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 2)cq!Zv
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs *jE>(J`
24.10 Stop Shift Equations EVYICR 5g
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces ^/b3_aM5d
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) |soDt<y+L
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Glossary j%%& G$Tfu
Reference p(vmMWR!
Index