"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith PEW^Vl-6q
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition 4.$<o/M
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1 Introduction P6&@fwJ<
1.1 Lens Design Books 4`)`%R $
1.2 Reference Material Pni
1.3 Specifications U=\ZeYK.
1.4 Lens Design y-m<&{q
1.5 Lens Design Program Features F<Js"z+
1.6 About This Book x* *]@v"g
lO3$V JI
2 Automatic Lens Design &Ey5 H?U!
2.2 The Merit Function r&@#,g
2.3 Local Minima 6QkdH7Qf=
2.4 The Landscape Lens $YSAD\a<
2.5 Types of Merit Function fdc
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2.6 Stagnation ;:,hdFap
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing P95U{
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization "toyfZq@
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems sXDS_Q
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits i
2hP4<;h
2.11 Spectral Weighting 4G"T{A`O
2.12 How to Get Started
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3?iRf6;n
3 Improving a Design 8u
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3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques }J73{
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) OJPxV~y
3.3 Splitting Elements [g`9C!P-G
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet WF,<7mx=-
3.5 Compounding an Element 3[B*l@}j
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses P+ONQN|
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ~CIA6&
3.8 Balancing Aberrations @GDe{GG+
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle B38_1X7
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces xy)Y)yp
CG*eo!Nw
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design kW0|\
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 92!1I$zi
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance $"1Unu&P
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations /yPFts_q
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function @8E mY,{;
4.5 Fabrication Considerations h}r*
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7A _UA8
5 Lens Design Data teH.e!S
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs @[h)M3DFd
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 'Vq
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5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign \ofWD{*j
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF /?uA{/8
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots iU"jV*P]
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot >Eg/ir0
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6 Telescope Objective H&\[iZ|-N
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet #=C!Xx&
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective Q%)da)0:c
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective c<- F_+[
6.4 Spherochromatism q}P< Ejq}
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration BwMi@r
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6.6 Induced Aberrations {`?C5<r
6.7 Three-Element Objectives 1><@$kVMm~
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) {JTO
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6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet Z-X(.Q
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design UJ0fYTeuI
6.11 A Final Note Br^4N9
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers :EJ8^'0Q
7.1 Eyepieces 29 {Ep
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs
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7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces x&}pM}ea
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular l2H-E&'=
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces =v^LShD2^
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces }dcXuX4{r
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier +e
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7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces qQK0s*^W
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 7^1yZ1(
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 4@ EY+p
8.2 Glass Choice s
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8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ffyDi 1Q
8.4 Other Design Considerations U9^o"vT
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens `! ~~Wf'
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet 6{Y3-Pxg
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet <ua` WRQr
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses {l/j?1Dxq
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces -M=#U\D
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness ueI1O/Mi
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9 Split Triplets B=)&43)\
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets 99W-sV
10.1 The Classic Tessar mL\_C9k,n
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac Pnf|9?~$H
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens G bW1Lq&"
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets `zf,$67>1
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar 0_nY70B
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats |#_IAN
11.1 Meniscus Components kpF")0qr
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon &n6'r^[D
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens Ek' ~i
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 4wLN#dpeEy
11.5 The Split Dagor A'A5.\UN
11.6 The Dogmar tc-pVw:TV
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens u7PtGN0r%
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens Ug :3)q[O
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version M$Sq3m`{!
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens ~nQ= iB
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet cV;<!f+
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet U&F1}P$fb
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element
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12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar WY>r9+A?W
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay Hlh`d N
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13 Telephoto Lenses VkFvV><"
13.1 The Basic Telephoto _LVwjZX[
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses )I~U&sT\/
13.3 Telephoto Designs l]g
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13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch 4o/}KUu(*
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses 8x)&4o@
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle hk5[ N=
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens c>SFttbU
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 4lM)ZDg
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses E&;[E
ot%^FvQ[c
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses Np2I*l6W
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens a:q>7V|%$
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens MWGs:tpL4
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener c+BD37S
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses EO.Se9ux
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 0f_+h %%=
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17 Microscope Objectives tfKf*Um
17.1 General Considerations wOMrUWB0
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front `s )-
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17.3 Flat-Field Objectives Etj0k}
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17.4 Reflecting Objectives 9#;GG3
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs :D|5E>o(
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems )a7nr<)aU
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors s'7PHP)LOJ
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems c*m7'\
18.3 Catadioptric Systems "_f~8f`y
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems v3*y43
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids OfE>8*RI4
18.6 Unobscured Systems QLPb5{>KDS
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” KD<smwXjG
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems 3BZa}Q_
19.1 Infrared Optics -n:~m
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19.2 IR Objective Lenses `i2:@?Kl9
19.3 IR Telescope W>E/LBpE4
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders H1t`fyri2
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems 8mm]>u$
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses #NyfE|MKBC
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20 Zoom Lenses w *pTK +
20.1 Zoom Lenses ;_K3/:
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras UR|Au'iu
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens & FpoMW
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens >iV2>o _
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ZLGglT'EW>
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses q\$k'(k>35
21.1 Projection TV Lenses QomihQnc
21.2 Macro Lenses S{Q2KD
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses mx!EuF$I
22.1 Monochromatic Systems f=EWr8mno
22.2 Scanner Lenses mB5Sm|{
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses w7%.EA{N
Ylhy Z&a,
23 Tolerance Budgeting rj
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23.1 The Tolerance Budget !jTxMf
23.2 Additive Tolerances _2a)b(<tF
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget (&KBYiwr
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24 Formulary |V&E q>G
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions b[2 #t
24.2 The Cardinal Points |
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24.3 Image Equations *}'3|e4w}
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) xE5VXYU
24.5 Invariants M{jJ>S{g
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) pSl4^$2XR
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships ;L@p|]fu
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions .Cu0G1
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 3^,p$D<T:,
24.10 Stop Shift Equations [9;[g~;E%m
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces GboZ T68
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) [$D%]]/,
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Glossary 6n:oEXM>
Reference )eVn1U2*z.
Index