"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith +!X^E9ra
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition hI"I#(*jA%
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1 Introduction zU( U^
1.1 Lens Design Books zITXEorF!J
1.2 Reference Material _c[t.\-`]
1.3 Specifications `A #r6+
1.4 Lens Design ztf (.~
1.5 Lens Design Program Features ) +{'p 0
1.6 About This Book /0 zk &g
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2 Automatic Lens Design x X}vx hN
2.2 The Merit Function (HY|0Bgr
2.3 Local Minima |[gnWNdR$M
2.4 The Landscape Lens sC/T)q2
2.5 Types of Merit Function srUpG&Bcx
2.6 Stagnation &Dg IykqN
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing k )4
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization qUCiB}
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems zp d4uto5
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits pmfyvkLS
2.11 Spectral Weighting .a$][Jny
2.12 How to Get Started t0/fF'GZD
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3 Improving a Design
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3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques !IP[C?(nB
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 9v^MZ ^Y{
3.3 Splitting Elements NX$$4<A1
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet ~W!sxM5(*
3.5 Compounding an Element #qHo+M$"
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses UAa2oY&
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem I( pU_7mw
3.8 Balancing Aberrations X)`? P*[
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle R(3V ! ph
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces SZE X;M
a Z
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design JIDE] f
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation Yk[yG;W
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance n
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4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations }*;Hhbox
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function haS`V
4.5 Fabrication Considerations IeE+h-3p
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5 Lens Design Data amOBUD5Ld`
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs "h\{PoG
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ^BW V6
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign zkB_$=sbn#
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF Wk`G+VR+
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots P5kkaLzG
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot q
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6 Telescope Objective UEt #;e
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet W.{#Pg1Da
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective -_v[oqf$
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective &H<-joZ)Z\
6.4 Spherochromatism oljl&tuQy
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration buq3t+0
6.6 Induced Aberrations
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6.7 Three-Element Objectives $U3s:VQ '
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ybcQ , e
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet |v:8^ C7
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 4,
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6.11 A Final Note q#F ;GD
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers WADNr8.
7.1 Eyepieces ZmU S}
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs Y <I/y
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces E XEae ?
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular {])F%Q_#cD
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces '
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7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces ZoF\1C ^
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier =&< s*-l[
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces i` n,{{x&4
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats [?yOJU%`
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats #Q"el3P+q
8.2 Glass Choice 5,|^4
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8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations /!ux P~2U
8.4 Other Design Considerations k5P&F
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens :;#Kg_bz
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet dq[j.Nmq
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet %HpTQ
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses ;a*i*{\Rm
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Q9]7.^l
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 2( Vm 0E
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9 Split Triplets y/'2WO[
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets xzbyar<
10.1 The Classic Tessar ej]^VS7w[r
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac b o4 :|Z
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens [j`It4^nC
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets i\ X Ok!
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar u L1e?
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats %
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11.1 Meniscus Components GTyS8`5E*
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 1.4]T, `
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens { %vX/Ek
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses ~6Vs>E4 G
11.5 The Split Dagor (& =-o(
11.6 The Dogmar P *BA
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens 5rr7lw WZ
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens . R#p<"$I
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version ~
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12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens p3M)gH=N
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ={o>g '
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet J$%mG* Y(
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element HpC|dtro
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar h7)^$Hd
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay k3da*vwE
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13 Telephoto Lenses )!SV V ~y
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 5hUYxF20h8
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses 4L 85~l
13.3 Telephoto Designs q&B'peT
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch Zrr3='^s
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses G|Yw
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14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle d+[yW7%J
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens $]<C C `
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses tKjPLi71
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses -v'7;L0K
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses >_!pg<{,
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens ClCb.Ozj4
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens @NWjYHM[`
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener E ~<SEA
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses YAv-5
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems s #/JMvQ#
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17 Microscope Objectives #o SQWC=T
17.1 General Considerations G"T)+! 6t
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front PspH[db
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives Qw!cd-zc
17.4 Reflecting Objectives ^>gRK*,
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs p+ SFeUp
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems %6j|/|#]
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors odMjxWY
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems &W:Wv,3
18.3 Catadioptric Systems V @&zn8?
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems VO] Jvf
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 7(rTGd0
18.6 Unobscured Systems >*(4evU
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch”
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems
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19.1 Infrared Optics |}b~ss^
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ck>|p09q'9
19.3 IR Telescope C18 pK8-
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders H=?v$!
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19,5 Ultraviolet Systems AR\>P
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses W"? |O Q'
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20 Zoom Lenses "(PJh\S>S
20.1 Zoom Lenses 5 gARGA
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras WCA`34 (
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens %_;q<@9)
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens }`&#{> ]2
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure &&4av*\I
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses W Y_}D!O
21.1 Projection TV Lenses 4j|]=58
21.2 Macro Lenses eUPG) { "
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses -B fZ P5
22.1 Monochromatic Systems FiMP_ y*S
22.2 Scanner Lenses ks< gSCB
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses `Jhu&MWg
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23 Tolerance Budgeting 7D\#1h
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 1v!Xx+}
23.2 Additive Tolerances } R !-*Wk
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget RE Dh`Wd
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24 Formulary v^2K=f[nE
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 9#{? *c6
24.2 The Cardinal Points *X +T>SKL
24.3 Image Equations <use+C2
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) mV^+`GWvo
24.5 Invariants Q<B=m6~
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) |(N4ZmTm
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships QE [ETv
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions PeEf=3
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs tX$%*Uy
24.10 Stop Shift Equations YdX#`
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces *2N$l>ql:k
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) 8`XpcK-0
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Glossary b<};"H0a
Reference Bi/=cI
Index
