"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith T} 8CfG_ j
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition !4B_$6US
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1 Introduction q{@P+2<wF
1.1 Lens Design Books [q$e6JwAt
1.2 Reference Material <[9?Rj@
1.3 Specifications 1;`Fe":;vC
1.4 Lens Design x@Vt[}e
1.5 Lens Design Program Features ;]@exp 5
1.6 About This Book 4\1;A`2%0
[B,p, Q "
2 Automatic Lens Design VN+\>j-
2.2 The Merit Function 9K $]h2
2.3 Local Minima ^j iE9k)
2.4 The Landscape Lens 4:`[q E3
2.5 Types of Merit Function wA",SBGX
2.6 Stagnation I61%H9 ;
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing LP?P=c
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization uk6g s)qxC
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems e>!E=J) j
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits w"6aha* %7
2.11 Spectral Weighting hr1$1&p
2.12 How to Get Started kp; &cQu!
V4\56 0
3 Improving a Design j"6:A
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 6KB^w0oA
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) en%B>]QI
3.3 Splitting Elements D O%Pwfkd
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet :iEA UM
3.5 Compounding an Element ',#
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses 6=3(oUl
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem @it/$>R^)
3.8 Balancing Aberrations E [*0Bo]
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle re q-Q |
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces + Y;8~+
QE* %HR'
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design m2ox8(sd
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation \*J.\f
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 9.]kOs_
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations KcnjF^k
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function 22'vm~2E
4.5 Fabrication Considerations r} ,lu=em
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5 Lens Design Data j"0rkN3$J
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs F~'sT}A*
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots AbG &9 =Ks
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ~.H~XK w
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF &~}@u[=ux
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots ,0,Oe=d
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot <d S5| ||
v!KJ|c@m
6 Telescope Objective [!Ao,rt?Vg
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet ?f f
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6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective +8eVj#N
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective tbS#^Y
6.4 Spherochromatism ;tX Y =
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration wE8]'o
6.6 Induced Aberrations B/ rzh? b
6.7 Three-Element Objectives # X fT1
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 1[px`%DR~
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet IG& B2*
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 2=O ))^8
6.11 A Final Note #:Xa'D+
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers q6Rw4
7.1 Eyepieces ~\3l!zIq
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs wZ
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7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces VH[ l\I(h
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular Gg}t-_M
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 0a@c/ XGBp
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces ,, 7.=#
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ?o8a_9+
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces shD+eHo$
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats :|Upx 4]Ec
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats Pm~,Ky&Hl
8.2 Glass Choice l -XnB
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations wzg i
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8.4 Other Design Considerations <34 7 C{q
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens ]M uF9={
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet VYHOk3
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet "7:u0 p!
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses mcCB7<.
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8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces ? S8$5 gA
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness @::lJDGVv
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9 Split Triplets TX&[;jsj
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets R &gWqt/
10.1 The Classic Tessar [@x
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 4_WH
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10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens } !Xf&c{7{
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets w~ijD ^ g
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar >=bt
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats "--/v. Cs
11.1 Meniscus Components e5QO B/e&
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 4a #B!xW
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens 9#Z zE/
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 9GtLM py
11.5 The Split Dagor ixg\[5.Q+
11.6 The Dogmar F|9a }(-7
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens C-_(13S
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens B EFe~* ~
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version
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12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens 6^Wi Z^~
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 6Q?BwD+>
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet 9fC iLlI
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element _xa}B,H
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar | h
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay |C^
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13 Telephoto Lenses @T9m}+fR
13.1 The Basic Telephoto }klE0<W|5\
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses | pF5`dX
13.3 Telephoto Designs V|+ `L-
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch MiRibHXI,
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses ~GAlNIv]
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle ^-
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14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens qn5y D!1
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses M-{b
&19l k
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses JHnk%h0
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses Z|V"8jE
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens 4x=V|"
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens XYz,NpK
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener xgZV0!%
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses er&uC4Y]a
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems }qG?Vmq*R[
le
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17 Microscope Objectives EGp~Vo-
17.1 General Considerations aeN }hG
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front yBpW#1=
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives v!WU |=u
17.4 Reflecting Objectives oG|?F4l*
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs _lP4ez
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems h;cB_6vt
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors 6ON
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems ?$>u!V<'
18.3 Catadioptric Systems Y &ct+w]%
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems hNu>s
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids /\IAr,w[
18.6 Unobscured Systems d
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18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” X67C;H+
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems r6gt9u:
19.1 Infrared Optics *7:u-}c!
19.2 IR Objective Lenses @lb=-oR!~
19.3 IR Telescope SX1Fyy6
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19.4 Laser Beam Expanders >Hd~Ca >
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses a'*5PaXU@/
.ruz l(6
20 Zoom Lenses Pj1K
20.1 Zoom Lenses ,H#qgnp
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras $S($97IU=
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens G# 9o?
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens N \CEocU
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure #z-iL!?
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses j.
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21.1 Projection TV Lenses (Fbm9(q$d
21.2 Macro Lenses D7gX,e
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 1p Ymtr
22.1 Monochromatic Systems L.I}-n
22.2 Scanner Lenses <{-(\>f!9
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses $v?! 6:
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23 Tolerance Budgeting 6N)<
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23.1 The Tolerance Budget %>I?' y^
23.2 Additive Tolerances $BR=IYby
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget _.Z&<.lJ
kMJQeo79
24 Formulary }Uqa8&
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions MQbNWUi
24.2 The Cardinal Points QYf/tQg$
24.3 Image Equations ' 5OVs:)"^
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ?hry=I(7r
24.5 Invariants Up!ZCZ$RC
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) }jyS\drJ
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships Im' :sJ31
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions f!uA$uL c
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs E{+c*sz
24.10 Stop Shift Equations %1 VNP(E
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces O0=, &=i
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) **w*hd]
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Z@c 0(ol
Glossary 2=!3[>
B
Reference |Ad6~E+aL-
Index
