"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith pu\b`3C(
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition ?,WUJH?^
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1 Introduction Z 7`5x
1.1 Lens Design Books +<)tql*
1.2 Reference Material 0^J*+
1.3 Specifications \1=T
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1.4 Lens Design P/FrE~
1.5 Lens Design Program Features {@Blj3 ;w}
1.6 About This Book .[ edln
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2 Automatic Lens Design !Bag}|#
2.2 The Merit Function zSEr4^Dk4
2.3 Local Minima kFS0i%Sr
2.4 The Landscape Lens o:Ln._bj
2.5 Types of Merit Function G
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2.6 Stagnation x2sN\tOh^
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing c eqFQ
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization fy9uLl} h
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems
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2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits ^it4z gx@
2.11 Spectral Weighting OZ eiH X!
2.12 How to Get Started V78Mq:7d
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3 Improving a Design [vE$R@TZ0!
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques Xfj )gPt}
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 7^c2e * S
3.3 Splitting Elements g+:$X- r
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet OlIT|bzkb
3.5 Compounding an Element l #b:^3
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses ?A|zRj {
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem H!p! sn
3.8 Balancing Aberrations J =b*
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle #]" /{Z
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces y@q1c* |
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 4"LPJX)Q
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation ;9K[ ~
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 4\v~ HFsv
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations _\p`4-.V
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function sc<kiL
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 2K
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5 Lens Design Data X z8$Xz,O
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs 4 uShM0qa
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ,K T<4
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign : g&>D#{
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF Nc,*hsx'
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots AD(xaQ&T
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot cn bo +U
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6 Telescope Objective ;D:=XA%
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet *<w3" iq
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective .Xi2G@D
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective q5!0\ o:
6.4 Spherochromatism Tu==49
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration D^$]>-^
6.6 Induced Aberrations X@cSP7b
6.7 Three-Element Objectives .-J`d=Krp
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) u]R $]& <
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet FZeP<Ban
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design !`Le`c
6.11 A Final Note r;9z 5'
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers ZH% we
7.1 Eyepieces Dp^95V@
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs ^[0" v tb
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces V w7WK
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular iW'_R{)T
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces }N@n{bu+
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces UB a-
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ci;&CHa
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces ,eDu$8J9
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats Bf/ |{@
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ekrBNDs9
8.2 Glass Choice xwi!:PAf,o
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations pVY4q0@
8.4 Other Design Considerations 3XnE y
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8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens (VEp~BW@-R
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet 7O"hiDQ
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Y4`QK+~fH
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses s88y{o
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces s_TD4~
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8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness NfOp=X?Y
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9 Split Triplets ve6x / PD
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets X h`"
10.1 The Classic Tessar URLk9PI
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac / xs9.w8-
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens `wf| u M
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets (V8?,G >
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar .5 ]{M\ aA
y ^SyhG,V[
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats Qd?CTYNsv
11.1 Meniscus Components u|T%Xy=LU
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon \x(.d.l/
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens K|O m5
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11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses q Z& a76t
11.5 The Split Dagor dt<~sOT3s
11.6 The Dogmar t|< FA#
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens MJ A~jjy4
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens G@B*E%$9
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version )Y~xIj >
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens lf6|.
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet "U*5Z:8?9
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet I=o'+>az
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element s+'XQs^{aj
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar ,&[7u9@
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay HZ{n&iJ
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13 Telephoto Lenses (2d3 jQN`
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 1g~y]iQ
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses #>XeR>T
13.3 Telephoto Designs <>n9'i1
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch <&6u]uKrW
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses zWb -pF|
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle JCNk\@0i*
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens "1K:/n
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses Qww^P/vm
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses E0<)oQ0Xa>
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses >K5~:mx#3
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens S*xhX1yUi
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens McP~}"!^
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener Li]k7w?H
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses @0D![ oA
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems
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17 Microscope Objectives VyY. r#@
17.1 General Considerations MUB37
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 7OE[RX8!f
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives M7vj^mt?
17.4 Reflecting Objectives Hit Ac8
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs /K@$#x_{
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ||XIWKF<n2
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors vf N#NY6
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems `R0Y+ #$8h
18.3 Catadioptric Systems VAs ( .y
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems d/lffNS=
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids |(RZ/d<X\a
18.6 Unobscured Systems ULIFSd Y
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” r6 MB"4xd
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems 9x[ U$B
19.1 Infrared Optics xDUaHE1co
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 1 }nm2h1 I
19.3 IR Telescope 2uL9.q
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 7`dY 1.rq
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems l]) Q.m
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses kW +G1|
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20 Zoom Lenses <sc\EK
20.1 Zoom Lenses nP ;;MX:B
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras -X8eabb
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens LipxAE?O
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens k}U
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20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure )88nMH-
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses SOj`Y|6^:
21.1 Projection TV Lenses Wcn[gn<
21.2 Macro Lenses 3S ;N(A4
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses R8 jovr
22.1 Monochromatic Systems ($ S Lb6
22.2 Scanner Lenses dyO E6Ex
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses GS4_jvD-
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23 Tolerance Budgeting F@EJtwLd5y
23.1 The Tolerance Budget Uouq>N
23.2 Additive Tolerances Nxi)Q$
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget I7zn>^0}
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24 Formulary D%gGR A
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 3Oiy)f@{TF
24.2 The Cardinal Points [O 1|75
24.3 Image Equations KoF
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24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) W+hV9
24.5 Invariants lkwh'@s.
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) V Dpxk$a
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships %E.S[cf%8&
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions U0IE1_R
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs N,|r1u 9X#
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ~K` 1
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces O,i rpQ
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) qd8pF!u|#
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Glossary v|&s4x?D
Reference ,C:o`fQ\
Index
