"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith vv^(c w>A
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition XAb-K?)
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1 Introduction hZ~ \Z
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1.1 Lens Design Books EL:Az~]V
1.2 Reference Material h ngdeGa
1.3 Specifications %y[
t+)!E
1.4 Lens Design f[+N=vr
1.5 Lens Design Program Features K!qV82b='{
1.6 About This Book w ;]~ 2$
M&ec%<lM
2 Automatic Lens Design k*k 9hv?
2.2 The Merit Function 0Q5fX}
2.3 Local Minima =x-@-\m
2.4 The Landscape Lens $[M5V v
2.5 Types of Merit Function ]}A3Pm- t*
2.6 Stagnation &\
\)x.!
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing VhX~sJ1%Gp
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization MB!$s_~o#L
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems wJ> 2}
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits c5AEn -Q
2.11 Spectral Weighting 3-U@==:T
2.12 How to Get Started H-'~c \ )
.!yw@kg
3 Improving a Design yGX"1Fb?;x
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques FWl'='5L
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) RJ~I?{yR0[
3.3 Splitting Elements [.LbX`K:
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet +@jX|
3.5 Compounding an Element 'J(B{B7|
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses U9%#(T$
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem HWxwG'EEY,
3.8 Balancing Aberrations 5|Hz$oU
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle $^louas&
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces ?0hEd9TU
f ,WA l\
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design C
]+J
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation W>T6Wlxu`6
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance \8iWcqJktN
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations rBrJTF:.
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function 3%DDN\q\u
4.5 Fabrication Considerations /qObXI
EjFK zx
5 Lens Design Data >' e(|P4
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs =.yKl*WV{
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots "?(N
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign g!.k>
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF uBqZ62{G
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots sEm064
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot ?h7(,39^>
7FvtWE*
6 Telescope Objective FCPi U3
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet x/^,{RrPk
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ?JI:>3e
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective :Miri_l
6.4 Spherochromatism J={R@}u
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 18];fC
6.6 Induced Aberrations $9Asr07
6.7 Three-Element Objectives i R6w)
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) $p GdGV\H
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet N_eZz#);
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design KL4vr|i,
6.11 A Final Note z[bS
s oK`
J rm 9,7/
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers P/; d|M(
7.1 Eyepieces 5*IfI+}
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs D0HLU
~o
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces K3On8
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular nc Cgc5uP
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces } J-+^
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 64w4i)?eM[
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier F3pBk)>a\
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces |)WN%#v
@ZTsl ?
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ~T'Ri=
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats QGM@m:O
8.2 Glass Choice )[d> ?%vfd
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations r~U/t~V=D
8.4 Other Design Considerations LH] <+Zren
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens QM 'Db`B
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet -`< KjS
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet N Q"`F,T
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses K6X} d,g
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces U-0A}@N
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness Q
/Xo8 kC
9 Split Triplets ">D7wX,.>
%}0B7_6B+@
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets \C eP.,<
10.1 The Classic Tessar H(WRm1i"G
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac Ccx 1#^`
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens {
i2QL S
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets ::eYd23
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar k}h\RCy%f
3sy|pa
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats UoSzxL
11.1 Meniscus Components gvl3NQQ%t
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon ;LjTsF'
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens n13#}i {tm
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses L/sMAB
11.5 The Split Dagor 1QPS =;|)
11.6 The Dogmar P/hV{@x
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens d?Y|w3lB
SV}C]<
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens [;n/|/m,
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 7\xGMCctM
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens zIE{U
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet J jp)%c#_
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet Hz6tk9;w
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element E)}& p\{E
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar -xk.wWpV
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay 01^+HEbm
/suW{8A(E
13 Telephoto Lenses 5gZ6H/.
13.1 The Basic Telephoto bxrT[]
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses 9KgGK cy%
13.3 Telephoto Designs *~>} *
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch vz1yH%~E
CfMC c:8mL
~aZy52H_#.
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses vdt ":
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle _b)=ERBbCo
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens pd Fa]
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses m:
do$+ Eh
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses _9<nM48+t
& u Mx*TTY
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses $t{;- DpNB
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens )5Nj wLs
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens >nqCUhS
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener {k"t`uo_
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses 4[VW~x07
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems :Ou[LF.O
2^;zj0]Rt
17 Microscope Objectives )A1u uW (
17.1 General Considerations )4tOTi[
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front G3w kqd
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives Nm.G,6<J
17.4 Reflecting Objectives mN&B|KWU
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs N R0"yJV>
)nM<qaI{
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems +$;* " o
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors 6 18k-
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems 0` y*7.Ip
18.3 Catadioptric Systems yRyUOTK
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems FBP'AL|
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids z9qF < m
18.6 Unobscured Systems gmW-#.
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” V =cJdF
uK;&L?WB
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems 6a!b20IZh
19.1 Infrared Optics pg9 feIW1
19.2 IR Objective Lenses L}M%z9K` h
19.3 IR Telescope h%UM<TZ]"
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders +
\ jn$>E
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems w =2; QJ<
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses s$D"
v i; yT.
20 Zoom Lenses -%)S~ R
20.1 Zoom Lenses zc.r&(d
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras lK%)a + 2
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens R}E$SmFg
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens y) K!l :X
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure >z|bQW#2
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses /)*si
21.1 Projection TV Lenses eZdFfmYW^R
21.2 Macro Lenses m8,jV R
"%rzL.</
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses V
M{Sng
22.1 Monochromatic Systems 9
M90X8
22.2 Scanner Lenses 6c[Slq!KA
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses Q>g-xe 1
oH"VrS 6
23 Tolerance Budgeting 9l<}`/@}W
23.1 The Tolerance Budget :2*0Jh3_
23.2 Additive Tolerances ! %/2^
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget #B6$ r/%
a^eR~efdu@
24 Formulary O^DLp/vM
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions rKkFflOVO
24.2 The Cardinal Points OIY
24.3 Image Equations kk$D:UQX
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) qoAJcr2uN
24.5 Invariants 4K0Fc^-
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) IO{iQ-Mg
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships Fgw $;W
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 3U9leY'2N
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs wJg&OQc9
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ,E &W{b
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces 4&<zkAMR
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) [!j;jlh7},
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Glossary p>1Klh:8.'
Reference
Exz(t'
Index
