"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith C6& ( c
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition !@
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1 Introduction P l{QOR
1.1 Lens Design Books emA!Ew(g
1.2 Reference Material B">yKB:D}t
1.3 Specifications []&(D_e"
1.4 Lens Design =<<3Pkv7@
1.5 Lens Design Program Features oaDsk<(j;R
1.6 About This Book s([Wn)I
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2 Automatic Lens Design $~'Tf>e
2.2 The Merit Function =J |sbY"]
2.3 Local Minima M>_ = "atI
2.4 The Landscape Lens p#_ [
2.5 Types of Merit Function I*1S/o_xI
2.6 Stagnation nb@" ?<L!
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing 27#8 dV?
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization i|\{\d
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems g*]E>SQ=
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits ]RFdLV ?
2.11 Spectral Weighting %3a|<6
2.12 How to Get Started \}inT_{g
F$hZRZ
3 Improving a Design pX<a2F P
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques \/Ij7nD`l%
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) cINHH !v
3.3 Splitting Elements '.p? 6k!K
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet a%~yol0wO7
3.5 Compounding an Element Z%v6xP.
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses Gidkt;lj
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem nN ~GP"}
3.8 Balancing Aberrations U7%28#@
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle d]M[C[TOX
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces F WTx&Ip
mTEVF m
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 'H=weH
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation ~5t?C<wo
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance o?!uX|Fy
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations =FBIrw{w
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function bc}dYK3$q
4.5 Fabrication Considerations qB JRS'6'9
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5 Lens Design Data :k1$g+(lP
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs )bYez
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots `Ei"_ W
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign PqhlXqX9
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF aii'}c
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots *j<@yG2\gP
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot {Nq?#%vdT
>}F? <JB
6 Telescope Objective 31 ] 7z
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet qWB%),`j>
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective /w~C~6z
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6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective B+D`\ Nl o
6.4 Spherochromatism h3h8lt_ |
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 3zb) "\(R
6.6 Induced Aberrations ALR:MAXwC
6.7 Three-Element Objectives lCE2SKj
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) Z1]"[U[;
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet R` C.ha
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design EVS K8T,
6.11 A Final Note cMtJy"kK
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers l\U*sro<
7.1 Eyepieces 3"B+xbe=
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 3*\8p6G
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces k6g| 7^es2
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular U]j&cFbn5_
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces nh|EZp]
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces -4`sqv ]
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier 2))t*9;h
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces di<B ~:l58
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats D'?]yyrf
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats `]LODgk~
8.2 Glass Choice J/gQ Q. s
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations n 8?KSQy$
8.4 Other Design Considerations >%i9 oI<)
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens eU"mG3 __
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet &"O_wd[+:
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Ei|0L$NCg
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses Fi k@hu
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces K*[0dza$
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness I tgH>L'
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9 Split Triplets 7rPLnB]
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets vF+YgQ1H
10.1 The Classic Tessar zCM^r <Kr
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac x/[8Wi,yB
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens Lo5Jb6nm
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets z}mvX .j7
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar mC "7)&,F
TwwIt5_fN
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats , FS?"Ni
11.1 Meniscus Components F94V 5_[
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 1y(iE C
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens &?v#| qIh
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 4&H+hN{3
11.5 The Split Dagor Xv]*;Bq:SK
11.6 The Dogmar &(WE]ziuO
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens $T FTIk*uU
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens _=)!x nYf
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version ^U"
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12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens wbl ${@ 4
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet I_K[!4~Kn
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet a'm!M:w
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element i~(#S8U4d
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar UVnrDhd!0
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay G@;Nz i89
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13 Telephoto Lenses |@OJ~5H/{
13.1 The Basic Telephoto yi&?d&rK
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses mMga"I9
13.3 Telephoto Designs iczs8g j*
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch [6 oq# #
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses h# v L5At
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle fHW-Je7mG
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens
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14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses m]E o(P4+
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses 2f s9JP{^0
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses #^"hqNwA
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens Cq
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16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens ;&/sj-xJ2
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener nm<L&11
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses tbL1g{Dz,
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ;>cLbjD
/IrKpmbq
17 Microscope Objectives 5ENov!$H
17.1 General Considerations +k# mvPq
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front pq%t@j(X
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives M|$H+e } :
17.4 Reflecting Objectives *G8'Fjin'T
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs oB hL}r
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems r[ Z g 2
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors sxf} Mmsk
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems 1x^W'n,HtK
18.3 Catadioptric Systems H0 {Mlu9
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems V6A5(-%`y
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids h[vAU 9f)
18.6 Unobscured Systems 2l]C55p)s
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” TG""eC!E
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems pT |./ Fe
19.1 Infrared Optics =M Q2sb
19.2 IR Objective Lenses I^6c 0`
19.3 IR Telescope ?z*W8b]'
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders (, ;MC/l
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems sE(X:[Am
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses <FMu WHY
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20 Zoom Lenses \JF57t}Zk
20.1 Zoom Lenses G7Edi;y/{
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras %Z-Tb OX
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ~hxeD" w
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens iPRJA{$b_
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure VQZT.^
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses AX!Md:s
21.1 Projection TV Lenses h8D tq5t4
21.2 Macro Lenses Q*TQ*J7".X
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses r ;@:S~
22.1 Monochromatic Systems @U7U?.p
22.2 Scanner Lenses ?STI8AdO
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses N^@%qUvT]
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23 Tolerance Budgeting uC <|T
23.1 The Tolerance Budget D*<8e?F
23.2 Additive Tolerances r zc 3 k~@
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget 2/a04qA#
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24 Formulary # UP ,;W
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 4cv|ok8P
24.2 The Cardinal Points z^ SN#v$
24.3 Image Equations DU*Hnii
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) tPMg Z
24.5 Invariants r( `8A:#d
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) }K qw\ ]`
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships P^o"PKA
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions @i 1 .5z
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 7ZR0M&pX
24.10 Stop Shift Equations {/,+ _E/
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces AH ?MJKY@Z
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) Cys/1DkE
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Glossary .5$V7t.t$\
Reference +L<w."WG
Index
