"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith >5i1M^g(
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition *.~hn5Y|?
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1 Introduction lD _
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1.1 Lens Design Books `9kjYSd#E
1.2 Reference Material &B/cy<;y,
1.3 Specifications *(& J^
1.4 Lens Design {y)s85:t
1.5 Lens Design Program Features W9ZT=#>)[
1.6 About This Book j+88J
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2 Automatic Lens Design '[{M"S
2.2 The Merit Function 6oL-Atf
2.3 Local Minima x{&0:|bCs6
2.4 The Landscape Lens 1Hy
2.5 Types of Merit Function kS[k*bN0
2.6 Stagnation \Llrs-0 M
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing JwRdr8q
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization _|g(BK2}
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems \"<&8
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits \V +$2
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2.11 Spectral Weighting p}}}~ lC/
2.12 How to Get Started h,\^Sb5AP
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3 Improving a Design ,.x5
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ^{zwIH2I]
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) O HR9u
3.3 Splitting Elements Ddghw(9*H
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet iePpJ>(
3.5 Compounding an Element .KIAeCvl\
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses BB1'B-O
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem v'TkKwl
3.8 Balancing Aberrations `Btdp:j8i
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle :2
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3.10 Aspheric Surfaces mO?G[?*\
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design H2zd@l:R
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation /#G^?2oM
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance mRW(]OFIai
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations "a?k #!E
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function MVe5j+8
4.5 Fabrication Considerations FwBktuS
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5 Lens Design Data @433?g`2b
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ad&Mk^p
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ~g;(`g
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign b,#cc>76\
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF )tz8(S
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots
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5.6 Various Evaluation Plot <Lyz7R6
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6 Telescope Objective YM1tP'4j@
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet BYhPOg[
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective g5M-Vu
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective o//N"S.)
6.4 Spherochromatism tZk@ RX
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 7 G~MqnO|
6.6 Induced Aberrations 0Dc$nL?TqX
6.7 Three-Element Objectives V<\:iNXX{
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) <;Qle
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet }zlvs
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6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design )m\%L`+
6.11 A Final Note {>5z~OV
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers sog?Mvoq
7.1 Eyepieces H-1@z$p
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs !#f4t]FM`B
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces rw
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7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular ''?.6r
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces <Zl0$~B:5
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces ^NHQ[4I
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier 2a (w7/W:
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces nC_<pq^tr
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats cd)<t8^KE
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 2^[fUzL?
8.2 Glass Choice
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8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations e&<#8;2X
8.4 Other Design Considerations ~ Y4H)r
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens (x>5
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet G\*`EM4
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet FK
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8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses ["Z]K'?P
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 1Q#hanh_`
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness p#^L
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9 Split Triplets rv9qF |2r{
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets eq(|%]a=
10.1 The Classic Tessar `if*
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac *h@nAB\3
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens O|4~$7
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Hu1w/PLq
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar }x~|XbG
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats !yojZG MB
11.1 Meniscus Components unSF;S<
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon q>]v~
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens y{!`4CxF
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses E+JGqk
11.5 The Split Dagor w{I60|C]*
11.6 The Dogmar 4JU#3
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens BL]!j#''KE
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens rya4sxCh
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version ~AjbF(Ad
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens jM2gu~
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet R?Iv<(I
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet v@Otp
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element oYlq1MB?
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar a9FlzR
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay B,e@v2jO|
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13 Telephoto Lenses d Aym)
13.1 The Basic Telephoto je_77G(F
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses *Ty>-aS1
13.3 Telephoto Designs XO"!)q F
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch hYb!RRGn
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses XfViLBY(
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14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle `9zP{p
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens n)$ q*IN"
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 9#O"^.Z !
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses sJ3HH0e
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses *5*d8;@>
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens `\e@O#,^yI
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens i"Ct}7i
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener J[VQ6fD%
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses < g6
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16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems e0v&wSi
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17 Microscope Objectives +qzsC/y
17.1 General Considerations iOjmj0
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front AL
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17.3 Flat-Field Objectives /x0zZ+}V
17.4 Reflecting Objectives pf] sL/g
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs >jN)9}3>-#
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems w
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18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors s )~Q@ze2
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems %8S!l;\H5
18.3 Catadioptric Systems ]%>;R^HY
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems #G)ZhgB^
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids .$99/2[90
18.6 Unobscured Systems R4@C>\c%m
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” Nm#KHA='Z
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems JGGss5
19.1 Infrared Optics ~l{CUQU
19.2 IR Objective Lenses iCc@N|~
19.3 IR Telescope eR8h4M~O
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders O2 3f\pm&
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems A3Ltk 2<
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ?w3f;v
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20 Zoom Lenses crZ\:LeJ
20.1 Zoom Lenses /oe="/y6
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras X1tAV>k5'L
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens EG<K[t
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens OEq8gpqY
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure T][\wyLx1
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses /F/`?=1<$
21.1 Projection TV Lenses 0($MN]oZa
21.2 Macro Lenses )Cu"M#`
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses QsI$4:yl
22.1 Monochromatic Systems Z{u*vUC&
22.2 Scanner Lenses !C#q
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses auL?Hb
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23 Tolerance Budgeting B-r9\fi,
23.1 The Tolerance Budget lyv9eM
23.2 Additive Tolerances D&Ngg)_Mq
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget IE'OK
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24 Formulary w;>]L.n
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions YBHmd
24.2 The Cardinal Points ?A,gDk/#
24.3 Image Equations d-xKm2sH
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) 7&m*:
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24.5 Invariants ];zi3oS^
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) [4t_ 83
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships {_ewc/~
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions @36^4E>h
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs .o.@cLdU
24.10 Stop Shift Equations
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24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces F!^ Y!Y@H
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) TtKBok
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Glossary f-4<W0%
Reference o(|`atvK
Index