"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith htR.p7&Tn
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition BLO ]78
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1 Introduction ""a$[[ %WC
1.1 Lens Design Books Yg3nT:K_Y&
1.2 Reference Material #0[^jJ3J
1.3 Specifications j;Z?q%M{6
1.4 Lens Design qJrKt=CE
1.5 Lens Design Program Features !Kg ']4
1.6 About This Book 6`@J=Q?
PBCGC^0{
2 Automatic Lens Design 6{HCF-cQd
2.2 The Merit Function _3yG<'f[Y
2.3 Local Minima /G'3 !S
2.4 The Landscape Lens w,FPL&{
2.5 Types of Merit Function -|uoxj>
2.6 Stagnation ~vt9 ?(h
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing *Z_4bR4Q
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization -HQbvXAS
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems pF8 #H~
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 2*V[kmD/3
2.11 Spectral Weighting "^\q{S&q2P
2.12 How to Get Started }0Ns&6 )xG
[A!w
3 Improving a Design Dz6x x?
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ~;#} aQYo
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) G#7(6:=;,`
3.3 Splitting Elements }}QR'
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 3EICdC
3.5 Compounding an Element q -8G
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses </ ` \3t
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem SI+Uq (k
3.8 Balancing Aberrations ")STB8kQ
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle W
H/.h$
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces (;},~( 2B
A,c XN1V
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design Y -a
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation h7UNmwj
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance "
L`)^
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations \xCCJWek
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ~E7IU<B
4.5 Fabrication Considerations BA]$Fi.Mw
?Z7QD8N
5 Lens Design Data 7*{f*({
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs
-9i 7 J a
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots nm,LKS7
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 4}uOut
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF | j`73@6
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots Km8aHc]O~
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot ~I@ls Ch
WI/ tWj0
6 Telescope Objective !ka* rd
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet rQVX ^
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective 73D< wMgZF
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective Lz'VQO1U=
6.4 Spherochromatism '|zrzU=
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 0<-E)\:[g
6.6 Induced Aberrations bItcF$#!!!
6.7 Three-Element Objectives zl|z4j'Irc
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) J{1H$[W~}
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet Y"GNJtsL "
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design qJ rT
6.11 A Final Note j ) 6
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers E5bVCAz
7.1 Eyepieces }|kFHodo
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs l?U=s7s0?
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces AAevN3a#nI
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular :hX[8u
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces TmQIpeych
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 'p&,'+x
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier GkIY2PD
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces vA1Yya B
,_ Z(!|
rW
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 5QMra5N k
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats s{Z)<n03
8.2 Glass Choice ' rcqy1-&
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations Fz%;_%j
8.4 Other Design Considerations X g6ezlW
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens (jM0YtrD
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet aixX/se
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Xo34~V@(
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses T }}2J/sj
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces qz-QVY ,
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness N T`S)P*?
~|V^IJZ22
9 Split Triplets Wh) D_
w7V\_^&Id
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets P=QxfX0B
10.1 The Classic Tessar Yq+ 1 kA
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac *2G6Q
g F
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens !@ ^6/=
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Xu] ~vik
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ^`&'u_B!+
5X) 8Nwbc
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats Ttlu h
*
11.1 Meniscus Components /<J(\;Jr6
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 9zu;OK%
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens
P8tdT3*6/
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses j u"z
11.5 The Split Dagor m9 h '!X<
11.6 The Dogmar 1q RquY
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens g4IF~\QRVi
Z se&{
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens >HP
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H
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 8>&@"j
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens 95l)s],
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet u,sR2&Fe
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet
= @HS
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element ;CYoc4e
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar i9 ;
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay UVo`jb|>
o
5R7x%3@L
13 Telephoto Lenses yqT !A
13.1 The Basic Telephoto V(MYReaPC]
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses l4 bytI{63
13.3 Telephoto Designs 36 "n7
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch ar 3L|MN
XUqorE
3U[O :
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses nf.Ox.kM)
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle Y{YbKKM
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens De?VZ2o9"
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses AkhG~L
s g2 ;"E@
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses \T7Mt|f:5
17LhgZs&
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses mMAN* }`O
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens ? :(y
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens <LHhs <M'
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener x/* lNG/
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses pRd.KY -<
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ;J %:DD
]I?.1X5d0
17 Microscope Objectives . WSyL
17.1 General Considerations '!HTE` Aj
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front I'/ 3_AX
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives bJ ~ H
17.4 Reflecting Objectives (Ou%0
KW
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs n(: <pz
lSxb:$g
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems l/.{F ;3F
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors 1[FN : hm
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems -ss= c #
18.3 Catadioptric Systems w0Qtr>"
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems eV9U+]C `
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 9/ <3mF@E
18.6 Unobscured Systems A_xC@$1e<
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” %w`d
&V].,12 x
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems Pfd1[~,
19.1 Infrared Optics 7sot?gF
19.2 IR Objective Lenses t R^f]+Up
19.3 IR Telescope cD !,ZL
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders HW@wia
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems c;l!i-
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses MmF&jd-=
0SQ!lr
20 Zoom Lenses *uvM6F$ut
20.1 Zoom Lenses 19 !?oeOU
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras p~D}Iyww1_
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens $0])%
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 9vI~v l l
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure a<cwrDZ
mRk)5{
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses d0El2Ct8
21.1 Projection TV Lenses U3(+8}Q
21.2 Macro Lenses 6= iHw 24
tl#sCf!c
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 2+1ybOwb
22.1 Monochromatic Systems inut'@=G/
22.2 Scanner Lenses Oa|c ?|+
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses )6"}M;v
Et=Pr+Q{c
23 Tolerance Budgeting N\{" &e
23.1 The Tolerance Budget FI.te3i?7
23.2 Additive Tolerances #{i*9'
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget AwM`[`ReE
Kz HYh
24 Formulary !eX0Q 2
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions Q\Ek U.[I
24.2 The Cardinal Points !fOPYgAGKn
24.3 Image Equations Qqm?%7A1
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) J8ni}\f
24.5 Invariants Lqgrt]L_"
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) !=0h*=NOYt
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships mLCD N1UO{
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions &
3#7>oQ
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 3>O|i2U
24.10 Stop Shift Equations 'l*X?ccKy
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces f{BF% ;
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) ztp|FUi
E7L qa
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7
Glossary SNj-h>&Mha
Reference uwwR$
(\7
Index
