"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith w %;hl#s
ZOp^`c9~
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition hBjVe?{
`Uv)Sf{
1 Introduction Bw6 L;Vu
1.1 Lens Design Books ~eHRlXL'
1.2 Reference Material J6DnPaw-G
1.3 Specifications FtN}]@F
1.4 Lens Design :"V ujvFX
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 6eM6[
1.6 About This Book z*RSMfRW
n"iNKR>nW
2 Automatic Lens Design ,6DD=w 0r
2.2 The Merit Function >'N!dM.+9
2.3 Local Minima s_xV-C#q@
2.4 The Landscape Lens `v~!H\q
2.5 Types of Merit Function m*`cuSU|o
2.6 Stagnation lw s(/a*c
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing ?d4Boe0-a2
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization R+d<
fe
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems te)n{K",
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits #9i6+. Z
2.11 Spectral Weighting 0potz]}
2.12 How to Get Started +tIz[+u
3|zgDA
3 Improving a Design <~N%W#z/
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques yQ'eu;+]
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) Lbsr_*4t
3.3 Splitting Elements U_l7CCK +
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet BMpF02Y|4
3.5 Compounding an Element )%qtE34`
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses Ge^Qar
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem 9s(i`RTM
3.8 Balancing Aberrations IO"hF
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle Y87XLvig}
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces i|S:s
3 "Yif
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design ;gUXvx~~r
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation &+G;R
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance +bUW!$G
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations ~,gLplpG0
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function rGQ5l1</
4.5 Fabrication Considerations E?cZbn*>`
1q]&7R
5 Lens Design Data 7TpRCq#
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs =*O=E@]
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 1%jH^,t/m
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ?Wa<AFXQ
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF bK4&=#Zh
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots f`?0WJ(M
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot !R6ApB4ZI
G mA!Mo
6 Telescope Objective w12}Rn8
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet ;Xu22fKh
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective t8/%Dgu
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective krjN7&
6.4 Spherochromatism Xu#:Fe}:
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration /zT`Y=1
6.6 Induced Aberrations @1bH}QS
6.7 Three-Element Objectives 8_a3'o%5
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) JDA]t&D!v
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 2m" _z
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design {cR=N~_EO
6.11 A Final Note B |&F%P0:
\[ M_\&GC
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers 5un^yRMB-
7.1 Eyepieces CT p!di|
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 1TZPef^y
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces
\bold"
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular e:E# b~{
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces |')-VhLLK
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces O%g\B8;
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier b\giJ1NJB
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces
"SR5wr
Hb!6ZEmN%
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 56{I`QjX
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ehT%s+aUw
8.2 Glass Choice `!i-#~n
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations vv+J0f^
8.4 Other Design Considerations 'N6 S}w7
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens Q7GY3X*kA
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet z"UPyW1?
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet B+"g2Y
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses HnU Et/
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces e&1\'Zq?>
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness AVFjBybu9
!h: Q
9 Split Triplets m@\ZHbq
,S!w'0k|n
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets Gx'TkU=
10.1 The Classic Tessar x8"#!Pw:`"
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac Uf$i3
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens |"7Y52d
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 6ep>hS4A&
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar Vz"u>BP3~
/;oqf4MF
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats 8\Hr5FqB(
11.1 Meniscus Components ST;t,
D:
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon !#}7{
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens wa:0X)KC?
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 1*UNsEr
11.5 The Split Dagor 4!%F\c46
11.6 The Dogmar d8OL!Rk
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens 'jjb[{g^}}
1@_T m
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens F]_cbM{8/
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version \ZH&LPAY
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens `.v(fC
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet AGq>=avv
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet GoE
'L
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element ir[jCea,
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar VQxpN 1
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay Jpj!rXTX*
+sZUJ
13 Telephoto Lenses y%cO#P@
13.1 The Basic Telephoto x0Z5zV9
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses /:[2'_Xl
13.3 Telephoto Designs e@n!x}t8
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch %*W<vu>H
YQ]\uT>}&
J4aBPq`
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses gEJi[E@
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle @i%YNI5*
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens 1*Ar{:+ua
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 0KvVw rWJ
]Pc^#=(R0
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses :i*JnlvZ
tIuoD+AW
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses Q0cRH"!:
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens A6"Hk0Hf
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens glUo7^ay7
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener 0 f/.>1M=
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses pq!%?m]
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems c&'JmKV>&
;#k-)m%
17 Microscope Objectives r\M9_s8
17.1 General Considerations ra6o>lI(,
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front K : LL_,
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives hOk00az
17.4 Reflecting Objectives m{%t?w$Au
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 3,eIB(
[L~@uAMw:
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 0$P/jt
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors #kmh:P
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems lU2c_4
18.3 Catadioptric Systems 7Z,/g|s}z
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems L;6.r3bL
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids ;LwqTlJ*[L
18.6 Unobscured Systems Nt -<W+,
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” &KC!*}<tx
NPjv)TN}3
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems t+TYb#Tc
19.1 Infrared Optics X% {'<baR
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 6oL1_)
19.3 IR Telescope $t=O:
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders jE/oA<^
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems u{f*
M,k
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses -9Ws=r0R
wts:65~
20 Zoom Lenses CAc
%f9!3
20.1 Zoom Lenses ~H /2R
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras j 6)Y
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens !~iGu\y
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens >_ \<E!j
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure C !x/
^gw
n!ok?=(kQ
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses (9RslvKL
21.1 Projection TV Lenses gn1(4
o
21.2 Macro Lenses -$a>f4]
i+vsp@d
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses m
<k!^jp
22.1 Monochromatic Systems ) g1a'G
22.2 Scanner Lenses Iw=Sq8
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses @xWdO,#
hfM;/
23 Tolerance Budgeting j|(Z#3J
23.1 The Tolerance Budget $1Nd_pD=
23.2 Additive Tolerances 'c`jyn
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget (Xxn\*S
1yqoA*
24 Formulary K%g;NW
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions -8Ti*:
24.2 The Cardinal Points E
l&h;N
24.3 Image Equations e$/B_o7(
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) 15H6:_+=0
24.5 Invariants Y:QD
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) i u]&;
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships h3G.EM:eG
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 7^e +
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs (!K_Fy@
24.10 Stop Shift Equations CnF |LTi
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces MXh
"Y*}
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) i^"+5Eq[D
WMuD}s
Sfjje4R
Glossary H=MCjh&$q
Reference NYB[Zyp
Index