"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith u[oV
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition
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1 Introduction p\9}}t7n
1.1 Lens Design Books 8R:Glif
1.2 Reference Material 1N:~5S}s>
1.3 Specifications t`R{N1
1.4 Lens Design M_>kefr
1.5 Lens Design Program Features Wq"-T.i
1.6 About This Book `@v;QLD"d<
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2 Automatic Lens Design kyt HOn#
2.2 The Merit Function 9%"`9j~H>
2.3 Local Minima SynRi/BRmw
2.4 The Landscape Lens /wl]kGF
2.5 Types of Merit Function x5V))~Ou
2.6 Stagnation qvK/}
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing r|
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2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization DdUw~n,
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems *Ms"{+C
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits SMJRoK3
2.11 Spectral Weighting }P-C-L{yE(
2.12 How to Get Started P=6d<no&<
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3 Improving a Design 9 wbQ$>G9
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ZS;V?]\(
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) C/#pK2xY
3.3 Splitting Elements RqP_^tB
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet yU4mS;GX
3.5 Compounding an Element tf|;'Nc6
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses [#RFdn<
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem )0ydSz`B
3.8 Balancing Aberrations URg;e M#
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle U zc p
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 1q3"qYH
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design nE*S3
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation {"%a-*@%
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 1 ]
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4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations Y6Cm
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4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ,\c V,$
4.5 Fabrication Considerations t[|t0y8
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5 Lens Design Data NsSZ?ky
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs .{*l,
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots (GC5r#AnS
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ,(zV~-:9
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 2f@Cy+W'[
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots 8ih_S2Cd
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot Ui" {0%
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6 Telescope Objective h6^|f%\w*i
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 9H/R@i[E
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective cs.t#C
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective T!B\ixt6
6.4 Spherochromatism YG8V\4
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6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration b1jDbiH&
6.6 Induced Aberrations H!u8+
6.7 Three-Element Objectives 6 U[VoUU
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) la w$LL
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet c s*E9
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 1'Q6l
6.11 A Final Note (=;'>*L(
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers 2,`X@N`\
7.1 Eyepieces u)I\R\N
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs vYb4&VV
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 5N%d Les
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular oy5K*
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7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 4g8o~JI:v
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces ".$kOH_:
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier gh\u@#$8
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces TK[[6IB
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats Y6H?ZOq
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ~jzLw@"~$^
8.2 Glass Choice l!Xj UnRF
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations a^@.C5
8.4 Other Design Considerations \G>C{v;
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens ]=%qm;
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet ZvT,HJ0?
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet %<a3[TQd`\
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses yq[/9Pci A
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces f<VK\%M
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness : slO0
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9 Split Triplets gN:F5 0
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets Y
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10.1 The Classic Tessar x[0hY0 ?[M
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac r(uo-/7z
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens BO7HJF)a
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets iz^uj
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar FGHCHSqLq
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats DC*MB:c#U
11.1 Meniscus Components JfSe;
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11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon .!0Rh9yyl
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens jQ3dLctn
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses pC,[!>0g8
11.5 The Split Dagor ]bh%pn
11.6 The Dogmar *nJ,|T
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens df@N V Ld
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens k89N}MA
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version cxSHSv1;
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens F%o!+%&7
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ' *a}*(0OA
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet b/
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12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element -"JmQ Fha
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar gFHBIN;u
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay J QnaXjW2
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13 Telephoto Lenses Q\kWQOB_
13.1 The Basic Telephoto hN!;Tny
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses b)KEB9w
13.3 Telephoto Designs C 4C/
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch \L~^c1s3r
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses s)]T"87H'_
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle Os$E,4,py
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens OHBCanZZ,
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 7AT8QC`u
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses qKd ="PR}
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses >xS({1A}
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens sU&v
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16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens
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16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener Z8bg5%
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses "kFH*I+v
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems o^X3YaS)
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17 Microscope Objectives I1':&l^O
17.1 General Considerations P:.jb!ZU
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front bHRn}K+<}c
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives 0>SA90Q
17.4 Reflecting Objectives d"db`8 ;S
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 1]=X
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems TaYl[I
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors 2yn"K|
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems {v]L|e%{
18.3 Catadioptric Systems W7uX
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems 'pIrwA^6N
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids pu/5#[MC)^
18.6 Unobscured Systems +&VY6(Zj+*
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” 6Y]P7j
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems J?m/u6
19.1 Infrared Optics vi^YtA
19.2 IR Objective Lenses GIEQD$vy
19.3 IR Telescope Ds"%=
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders K1J |\!o
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems p
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses Xn=yC Pi
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20 Zoom Lenses %XukiA+
20.1 Zoom Lenses J61%a,es
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 7Ji'7$
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ${z#{c1
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens !5De?OXe
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ;5X~"#%U_
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 9F3,
21.1 Projection TV Lenses !Ltx2CB2]
21.2 Macro Lenses =dNE1rdzNa
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses qB_s<cpn>
22.1 Monochromatic Systems J1O1! .
22.2 Scanner Lenses S'|PA7a}h
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses X);'[/]E*
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23 Tolerance Budgeting ~fD\=- S1
23.1 The Tolerance Budget ",aNYJR>*!
23.2 Additive Tolerances 9>-6Y
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget L bJf5xdi
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24 Formulary m,kYE9{
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 6 M:?W"
24.2 The Cardinal Points ~tfd9,t
24.3 Image Equations KNN{2thy `
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ^`lD w
24.5 Invariants FYFlh^}
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) `~d7l@6F
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships rZ(#t{]=!
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions q)?!]|pZ
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs BJ3<"D{.*4
24.10 Stop Shift Equations u0+F2+ I
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces ^"I@ 8 k
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) V-(]L:[JQ
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Glossary HTiLA%%6
Reference +`"Tn`O
Index