"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith YcSPU(
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition KC<K*UHPAH
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1 Introduction xWWVU}fd1
1.1 Lens Design Books =|
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1.2 Reference Material =}+xD|T
1.3 Specifications e:QH3|'y
1.4 Lens Design sa"!ckh
1.5 Lens Design Program Features Djp;\.$(
1.6 About This Book VW] ,R1q
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2 Automatic Lens Design =AuxMEg
2.2 The Merit Function ?IiFFfs
2.3 Local Minima ZzT"u1,&
2.4 The Landscape Lens *>lXCx
2.5 Types of Merit Function fhki!# E8M
2.6 Stagnation / EVXkf0
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing /XuOv(j
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization .
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems TPi{c_
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2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits
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2.11 Spectral Weighting H ;HFen|
2.12 How to Get Started <+<,$jGC-
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3 Improving a Design GkdxwuRw
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques !@)tkhP
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 5%fR9?)
3.3 Splitting Elements q:,ck@-4
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet e=",58
3.5 Compounding an Element *.-qbwOg
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses V:8{MO(C\
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem 6.3qux9
3.8 Balancing Aberrations S<++eu
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle 1(a+|
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces kl5Y{![/&f
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design `{nzw $
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation *,XT;h$'>
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance Ke\FzZ]
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations Ehtb`Ms
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function )dRBI)P
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 0&6(y*
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5 Lens Design Data 0(|36;x
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs J['?ud}@
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots
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5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign aw1f;&K4
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF SMHQh.O?5
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots m^1'aO_;q
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot I oC}0C7
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6 Telescope Objective @Yzb6@g"
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet ,mD{4 >7
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective Y^}c+)t
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective Vs&Ul6@N
6.4 Spherochromatism (L7%V !
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 7V;wCm#b
6.6 Induced Aberrations ]=sGLd^)E
6.7 Three-Element Objectives j:J7
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ?~rz'Pu~
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet :stA]JB#
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6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design axiP~t2
6.11 A Final Note T |h'"3'
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers `&o>7a;
7.1 Eyepieces :@sjOY
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs JA6#qlylL
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces Vg8c}>7
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular N5@l[F7I
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 690;\O '
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces "5$2b>_UE
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier N/eFwv.Er
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces e4Jx%v?_P
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats FK`M+ j
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ?8@EBPpC
8.2 Glass Choice *d,Z?S/
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ](sT,'
8.4 Other Design Considerations MDOP2y`2i
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens '&Tq/;Ml
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet "A3V(~%!
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet bRK[u\,
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses APL #-`XC
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces D=!5l4
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 3^p;'7x
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9 Split Triplets _J33u3v
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets XiN@$
10.1 The Classic Tessar jmh$6 N%
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10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 6Bn%7ZBv
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens kU[#.
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10.4 Other Compounded Triplets v[=TPfX0
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar b0lZb'
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats Vh5Z'4N
11.1 Meniscus Components s
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11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon " 2J2za
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens \tZZn~ex
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses W)m\q}]FYz
11.5 The Split Dagor Qwu~{tf+'
11.6 The Dogmar h(3ko
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11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens KeE)9e
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens |GnqfD
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version $VyH2+ jC
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens ])uhm)U@
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet I 7s}{pG
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet O2C&XeB:4
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element )NL_))\
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar C9%2}E3Z$)
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay qQx5n
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13 Telephoto Lenses s2Hx?~
13.1 The Basic Telephoto g|PRk9
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses W<s5rM x
13.3 Telephoto Designs oV Hh
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch R`!'c(V
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses \rY<DxtOq
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle sDzlNMr?P+
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens fPu,@
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14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses "fX9bh^
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses %q)*8
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses |>L|7>J{<d
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens GtSvb6UNn
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens z9)I@P"
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener >,s.!vpK
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses l&4+v.zr
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems !$5.\D
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17 Microscope Objectives !%s&GD8&l
17.1 General Considerations _k2*2db
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front @#= ail
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives wc.T;(
17.4 Reflecting Objectives :Mq-4U.e
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs ppu WcGo
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems qe"t0w|U?
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors &]mZp&
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems tV5Uz&:b
18.3 Catadioptric Systems FSn&N2[D
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems b9gezXAcd
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids Yl!~w:O!o
18.6 Unobscured Systems GN%|'eU
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” leSR2os
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems "UDV4<|^k
19.1 Infrared Optics Y4.t :Uzr
19.2 IR Objective Lenses //_aIp
19.3 IR Telescope H6I]GcZ$
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 7-u['nFJ
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems 7@*l2edXm+
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses )lsR8Hi8
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20 Zoom Lenses 1ehl=WN
20.1 Zoom Lenses |JD"iP:
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras G$)f5_]7{
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 6*]g~)7`Q~
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens sWc_,[b
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure (+^z9p7/!
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses CMI V"-
21.1 Projection TV Lenses {+V]saYP
21.2 Macro Lenses bXw!fYm&
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 0~:Eo89
22.1 Monochromatic Systems WK<:(vu.
22.2 Scanner Lenses ZFNn(n
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses ^UEExjf
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23 Tolerance Budgeting QxaW
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23.1 The Tolerance Budget d}2$J1`
23.2 Additive Tolerances {r,MRZaa
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget L~PBD?l
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24 Formulary f*ICZM
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions ` ,O#r0m
24.2 The Cardinal Points
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24.3 Image Equations eM$NVpS3
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) z9B""ws
24.5 Invariants x&kM /z?/
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) ?{Rv/np=F
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships 8wXnc%
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions nbECEQ:|B
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs */7+pk(
24.10 Stop Shift Equations @*VfG CQ(
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces oXxY$x*R1
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) oY K(=j
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Glossary 'wg>=|Q5
Reference z{N~AaY
Index