"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith 1/{:}9Z@
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition '!Sj]+
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1 Introduction C ) P N
1.1 Lens Design Books 6#K_Rg >.
1.2 Reference Material SMhT>dB
1.3 Specifications .CYq+^
1.4 Lens Design U .rH,`
1.5 Lens Design Program Features My[L3KTTp
1.6 About This Book O-G@To3\
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2 Automatic Lens Design L3W
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2.2 The Merit Function Ft |a/e
2.3 Local Minima QK@z##U
2.4 The Landscape Lens ~bwFQYY=
2.5 Types of Merit Function e)iVX<qb
2.6 Stagnation >a0;|;hp
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing Cr[#D$::`
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization gr7W&2x7\
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems (&x[>):6?
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits .6tz ^ 4
2.11 Spectral Weighting :*8@Mj Z4
2.12 How to Get Started `hfwZ*s
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3 Improving a Design vw!i)JO8 M
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ~f@;.
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 7O{\^Jz1
3.3 Splitting Elements |[: `izW
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet "2; UXX-H
3.5 Compounding an Element J:Qp(s-N^:
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses :wF(([&4p!
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ' 1mygplW
3.8 Balancing Aberrations i|=XW6J%
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle ZWr\v! 4
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces sn *s7v:
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design
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4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation jK{CjfCNz
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance !", @,$
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations f{+8]VA
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function MBg^U<t8
4.5 Fabrication Considerations +I/P5OGRN
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5 Lens Design Data O a7W& wi
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs %%f= aPw
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ?,Hk]Rl3
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign [2
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5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF ) wGC=,
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots @!F9}n
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5.6 Various Evaluation Plot yRy9*r=
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6 Telescope Objective l"vT@ g|
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 5}By2Tx
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ).&$pXj
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective YV2^eG r.
6.4 Spherochromatism %+' & $
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration CsE|pXVG
6.6 Induced Aberrations n
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6.7 Three-Element Objectives ~L1N1Z)Kk
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 9 np<r82
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet tG{Vn +~/
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design G3e%~
6.11 A Final Note 8pk5[=3Z
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers ]f-e/8$`@
7.1 Eyepieces X~R
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7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs E O}(M XS
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces uIba{9tM"P
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular G{ s ,Y ^
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces )WzCUYE 1/
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces Le}q>>o;q
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier [6D>2b}:{[
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 3 C[ ;2
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats !O.B,
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats AHLDURv
8.2 Glass Choice Xau.4&\d
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations :3G9YjzC}
8.4 Other Design Considerations &iSQ2a!l8b
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens }^ iE|YKz
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet <Q8bn?Z
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet bb<Vh2b>R
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses g)"6|Z?D"
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces
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8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness n|F`6.G
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9 Split Triplets 'IgtBd|K>
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets I4)vJ0
10.1 The Classic Tessar TX
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10.2 The Heliar/Pentac N7e^XUG
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens ?@u
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10.4 Other Compounded Triplets
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10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar LQS*/s0
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats i<T`] g
11.1 Meniscus Components Oe=,-\&_
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 0r@rXwz
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens aCTVY1
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses
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11.5 The Split Dagor 4gZN~_AI<
11.6 The Dogmar _,'UP>Si
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens 9#agI|d~
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens v:+se6HY?p
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version b_LzG_n!
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens \K4m~e@!
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ]f\rB8k|&
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet x
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12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element 0 Hq$h
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar ;P{ *'@
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay ? ,!qh
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13 Telephoto Lenses /q^( uWu
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 6D+9f{~r
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses 9f V 57
13.3 Telephoto Designs XR +2|o
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch ,p2
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses H@ 6
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle WT0U)x( m5
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens <k)rfv7
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses Zs4N0N{
@ B[V'|
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses L2:C6Sc
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses RS93_F8
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens Q'rG' |
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens 1wq 6E
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener Z 2ZS5a
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ` ,|7X]%b
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems @Wv*`
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17 Microscope Objectives Io:xG6yG
17.1 General Considerations D]0#A|n F
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front [`:\(( 8
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives @U9ov >E
17.4 Reflecting Objectives [[)HPHSQ
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs % @IR7v~
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems l^SKd
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors E 0* 81PS
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems 7[K$os5al
18.3 Catadioptric Systems M^bu jGD
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems sQ_{zOUPh
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids Nc7YMxk' H
18.6 Unobscured Systems S2Wxf>b t2
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” *v&g>Ni
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems t#d~gBe?V
19.1 Infrared Optics [3\}Ca1
19.2 IR Objective Lenses d6Z;\f7[
19.3 IR Telescope P!-9cd1 C,
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders N".
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19,5 Ultraviolet Systems VJPt/Dy{
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses | 0&~fY
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20 Zoom Lenses sqkPC_;A
20.1 Zoom Lenses _|#)tWy}
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 8J>s|MZ
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens m7d? SU
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens \Q
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20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure h-6kf:XP%
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses P>)qN,a
21.1 Projection TV Lenses H*!E*_
21.2 Macro Lenses "eBpSV>nnQ
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses HtXzMSGo7
22.1 Monochromatic Systems k6$.pCH 6
22.2 Scanner Lenses X${k
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses +.zriiF]i
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23 Tolerance Budgeting tQ*5[F,fm
23.1 The Tolerance Budget j{nL33T%
23.2 Additive Tolerances []'BrG)!
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget |J8c|h<
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24 Formulary tNq~M
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 6)Kg!.n%f
24.2 The Cardinal Points >8QLo8)3C
24.3 Image Equations ?a(ApD\
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) N 0`)WLW
24.5 Invariants KecR jon ~
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) $My%7S/3
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships O,hT<
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24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions hg |DpP
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs Sl{]Z,
24.10 Stop Shift Equations `2}Mz9mk
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces O$KLQ '0"n
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) 6=iz@C7r
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Glossary qWy(f|:hYi
Reference 7mt;qn?n
Index
