"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith mWh:,[o
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition 8P Qt8G.
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1 Introduction sdb#K?l
1.1 Lens Design Books { }z7N~
1.2 Reference Material n3( HA
1.3 Specifications 2h=RNU|
1.4 Lens Design L,i-T:Z~=
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 0^+W"O
1.6 About This Book Jps!,Mflc
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2 Automatic Lens Design \?j(U8mB>
2.2 The Merit Function e*tOXXY1
2.3 Local Minima v[m>;Ubg&
2.4 The Landscape Lens PYZ 8@G
2.5 Types of Merit Function HkrNt/]
2.6 Stagnation BsJClKp/
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing j'Fni4;
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization ,-):&V:jF
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems aePk^?KbB
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits =#W6+=YN8
2.11 Spectral Weighting &:rf80`z.
2.12 How to Get Started NunT1v ed
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3 Improving a Design dQ<EDtap
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques [8ih-k
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) >1YJETysO
3.3 Splitting Elements hGsY u )
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet k]Yd4CC2
3.5 Compounding an Element [|vd r.
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses QgP
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3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem 2?&h{PA+
3.8 Balancing Aberrations Na4\)({
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle 7Xa Ri@uG
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces um/iK}O
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design !^y'G0
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation )Ipa5i>t
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance Lx.X#n.]T
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 8IO4>CMkv
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function _s^sZ{'2_
4.5 Fabrication Considerations O[!]/qP+.
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5 Lens Design Data qTG/7tn
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5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs 2TdcZ<k}J
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots -{^Gzui
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign Au9Rr3n
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF u-D%: lz85
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots eKt~pzXwm
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot flRok?iF
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6 Telescope Objective HN \9 d
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet {D$+~ lO
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective Pwf":U)
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 3qP!
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6.4 Spherochromatism p~qdkA<
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration Zv -#v
6.6 Induced Aberrations 3>ytpXUEGx
6.7 Three-Element Objectives t\ ym4`"
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 1jDN=hIl
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet :U=*@p4?
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design g/eE^o ~;
6.11 A Final Note A2..gs/
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers D/v?nW
7.1 Eyepieces 8 K'3iw>z
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs U 1vZ r{\
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces w~Aw?75 t
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular ,VI2dNst\
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces S3$&}I <
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces S/V%<<[>p]
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier f<<1.4)oSV
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces H>X:#xOA_
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats xQ%N%
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8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats !#3v<_]#d
8.2 Glass Choice ',P$m&z
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations P`^nNX]x+,
8.4 Other Design Considerations XkDIP4v%
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens /V0[Urc@
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet }"Clv /3_
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet KSz;D+L \
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses &sJ -&7YZ
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces *lc|iq\
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness wNtC5
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9 Split Triplets 7_HFQT1.N
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets {u~JR(C:
10.1 The Classic Tessar R.(PZC vS
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac %vUY|3G
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens }p5_JXBV
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets r'8qZJgm
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar 7H.3.j(L
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats u.;l=tzz
11.1 Meniscus Components Ogv9_ X8
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon {^8?fJ/L
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens 5/8=Do](
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses $O3.ex V
11.5 The Split Dagor Np7+g`nG
11.6 The Dogmar `3g5n:"g\
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens z;DNl#|!L
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens ZmI0|r}QbY
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version b+1!qNuCW#
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens /g$G
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12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet zX lcu_rc
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet . J <t]
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element rU+3~|m
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 0 30LT$&!
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay u8.F_'` z
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13 Telephoto Lenses S4\a"WYg
13.1 The Basic Telephoto I3HO><o f
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses /% g+|C
13.3 Telephoto Designs R:4@a ':H
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch j"K^zh
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses EQN)y27poW
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle ' Lq+ONX5
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens
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14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses `Fie'[F5,)
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses URceq2_
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens UB/"&I uo
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens "iTjiH )Q(
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener KLv Ae>#,
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses A
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16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ? a#Gn2
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17 Microscope Objectives 1RJFPv
17.1 General Considerations U0t|i 'Hx
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front KCO.8=y3
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives oUwo!n}
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 3m= _ a
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs +j{(NwsX
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems rRg,{:;A
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors ltf KqY-
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems f-3CDU Q`
18.3 Catadioptric Systems ;89kL]
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems ~5'7u-;
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids m^!:n$
18.6 Unobscured Systems U LqI]k(
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” V:w%5'^3
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems w] t'2p-'
19.1 Infrared Optics W W+xU0
19.2 IR Objective Lenses _tJt
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19.3 IR Telescope Mh*r)B~%[
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders ]f#s`.A~
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems ? V,q&=9
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses E{EO9EI
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20 Zoom Lenses XjF@kQeM=
20.1 Zoom Lenses *#'j0;2F
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras ydy TDn
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens GQ;0KIN
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens ss[` *89
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ?OLd
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses rw,Ylr :3
21.1 Projection TV Lenses Xd=KBB[r?
21.2 Macro Lenses 0K[]UU= P=
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses Hl`OT5 pNf
22.1 Monochromatic Systems tsAV4 6S
22.2 Scanner Lenses U3X5 t ED
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses _8a;5hS
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23 Tolerance Budgeting ID43s9
23.1 The Tolerance Budget K f/[E dn
23.2 Additive Tolerances lFGuQLuqA{
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget &cL1 EQ(
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24 Formulary ^K ;k4oK
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions bZNqv-5 4h
24.2 The Cardinal Points S3\NB3@qC&
24.3 Image Equations \IE
