"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith cVv>"oF;~*
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition rAqg<fR*
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1 Introduction U85t !U
1.1 Lens Design Books dR2#n
1.2 Reference Material ~7PPB|XY
1.3 Specifications FG8genCH@
1.4 Lens Design 7aTo!T
1.5 Lens Design Program Features c_b^t09
1.6 About This Book G
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2 Automatic Lens Design \
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2.2 The Merit Function ,sPsL9]$
2.3 Local Minima i|u3 Qt5
2.4 The Landscape Lens (bH*i\W
2.5 Types of Merit Function k1y&'3%
2.6 Stagnation )mO|1IDTN
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing Ikiv+Fq(
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization BBw]>*
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems @ -pi
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits =]x FHw8A
2.11 Spectral Weighting Z[8{V
2.12 How to Get Started qe!`LeT#
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3 Improving a Design k^gnOU ;
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques yBO88rfh>
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) D6Ov]E:fa
3.3 Splitting Elements C/dqCUX:
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet kK!An!9C
3.5 Compounding an Element Eugt~j3
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses *ie#9jA
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem G`E%uyjG$j
3.8 Balancing Aberrations N3E Qq~lX
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle mJb>)bOl
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces -Zfzl`r
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design #9z\Wblr
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation UMUr"-l =
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 2vWJ|&|p
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations h$|K vS
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function p"ht|x
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 8^ju=
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5 Lens Design Data Sj{z
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs %,%s09tO
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots g':mM*j&
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign kV"';a
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF m *8[I
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots ,eD@)K_:
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot 7~TE=t
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6 Telescope Objective f5zxy!dhKS
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet LKY4rY!|@d
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective q{Hk27kt
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective "XMTj <D
6.4 Spherochromatism X4*{CM
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration u$x HiD
6.6 Induced Aberrations dsqqq,>Q
6.7 Three-Element Objectives 4%2QF F@
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) qJB9z0a<Ov
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet <9eQ
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design a?E]-Zf
6.11 A Final Note Lhu2;F\/
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers *\m
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7.1 Eyepieces vjaIFyj
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs i%>]$*
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces orf21N+ [
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular & PrV+Lv
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces
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7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces Q?n} ~(%&
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier Zu:cF+hl
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces p#'BV'0bl
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats t`+x5*gW
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats %yJL-6U
8.2 Glass Choice 9+h9]T:9
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations Ps Qq^/
8.4 Other Design Considerations 3Gf^IV-
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens VkhZt7]K}B
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet "Q'#V!
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet u].=b$wHHM
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses #*#4vMk<
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 8dq{.B?
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness D<5)i)J"
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9 Split Triplets %l[Cm4
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets `rW{zQYM
10.1 The Classic Tessar P1=bbMk
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac oP5G*AFUq
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens Df02#493
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets QkZT%!7
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ##BMh!
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats PHi'&)|
11.1 Meniscus Components f!e8xDfA
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon p9XHYf72
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens -r]s #$
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses <<LmO-92
11.5 The Split Dagor +|r;t
11.6 The Dogmar ?tE}89c
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens Hs~M!eK
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens RW48>4f/+
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version N+\#k*n?
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens y.JAtsxD
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet VXZd RsV8T
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet 511^f`P<
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element rIo`n2
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 468LVe?0
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay DUEA"m h
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13 Telephoto Lenses HcUivC
13.1 The Basic Telephoto TgJx%
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses Kl{2^q>
13.3 Telephoto Designs yopEqO
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch Lg|j0-"N
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses ly%$>BRU
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle JxiLjvIq
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens 8\!0yM#yK
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses R}llj$?
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses EyI
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses I?J$";A
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens &E.0!BuqV
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens iBwl(,)?m2
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener ruS/Yh
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses t<$9!"
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems Ig"Krz
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17 Microscope Objectives :35J<oG
17.1 General Considerations ^TVy:5Ag
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front SEr\ u#
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives jkQv cU
17.4 Reflecting Objectives Au#(guvm
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs jbpnCUzi
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems DGO_fR5L
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors gdSv)(
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems |q^e&M<
18.3 Catadioptric Systems }<uD[[FLB
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems Lx8^V7X
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids uKo)iB6D
18.6 Unobscured Systems r&A#h;EQX2
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” =y,_FFoS
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems L7G':oA_`p
19.1 Infrared Optics 1{_tV^3@
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ZL #4X*zT
19.3 IR Telescope 9Wb9g/L
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders @NlnZfMu
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems ~ d/Doi
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses yb*SD!
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20 Zoom Lenses bnWIB+%_
20.1 Zoom Lenses .r[DqC
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 4fr/
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20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens NAZxM9
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens VeA;zq
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ?%{bMqYJD{
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses P}~6yX
21.1 Projection TV Lenses $bF.6
21.2 Macro Lenses D4}WJMQ7s
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses WUQ2[)<
22.1 Monochromatic Systems B*zb0hdo:
22.2 Scanner Lenses <#7}'@
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses I/|)?
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23 Tolerance Budgeting 8n?P'iM
23.1 The Tolerance Budget n/pM[gI
23.2 Additive Tolerances 9:!n'mn
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget t.j q]L
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24 Formulary W6K]jIQ
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions JZD27[b
24.2 The Cardinal Points $T^O3 8$
24.3 Image Equations %~4R)bsJ'
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) +"?K00*(
24.5 Invariants 5G_*T
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) -[~{c]/ c
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships ZJP.-` U
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions X@JDfn?A
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs rD%(*|Y"c
24.10 Stop Shift Equations NjdAfgA
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces x,2+9CCU
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) @>qzRo
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Glossary \$VtwVQ,b
Reference NrgN{6u;
Index