"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith =(,kjw8 8w
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition F
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1 Introduction $S/WAw,/
1.1 Lens Design Books 0o.h{BN
1.2 Reference Material p .~5k
1.3 Specifications -)ri,v{:c
1.4 Lens Design 8l?@ o
1.5 Lens Design Program Features NfCo)C -t
1.6 About This Book [H`5mY @
6 iH]N*]S^
2 Automatic Lens Design h9. Yux
2.2 The Merit Function N45@)s!F9j
2.3 Local Minima vL;=qk TCQ
2.4 The Landscape Lens V<n#%!M5gV
2.5 Types of Merit Function ZGd7e.u=
2.6 Stagnation 7Z81+I|&8
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing %we! J%'Y]
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization d5W = ?
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems M?ElD1#Z
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits q6
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2.11 Spectral Weighting PB{5C*Y7^k
2.12 How to Get Started 2m&?t_W
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3 Improving a Design w/fiNY5FZ
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques H Mfhe[A?
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) _oU~ S$ hO
3.3 Splitting Elements DK%@ [D
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet $fW8S8
3.5 Compounding an Element ugW.nf*O
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses s*kSl:T @O
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem 0gKSjTqo
3.8 Balancing Aberrations R"71)ob4
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle $! UEpQ
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces `~qVo4V6Z
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 6"bdbV=t
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation bxww1NG>|Z
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance ).r04)/
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations *&F~<HC2+
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function .YIb ny1
4.5 Fabrication Considerations rf2-owWN
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5 Lens Design Data "3a_C,\
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs Y}Nd2
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ^0"[l {
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign be&,V_F
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF L?hWH0^3
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots >!P ! F(
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot O#b%&s"o
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6 Telescope Objective !*B1Eo--cN
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet ?OW J UmQ
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective </ h}2x
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective H|B4. z
6.4 Spherochromatism {(`xA,El
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration =q*j". <
6.6 Induced Aberrations iD!]I$
6.7 Three-Element Objectives ljO t~@Ea
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) q6N6QI8/
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet E`UEl$ ($
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design P:HmT
6.11 A Final Note Vg?
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers !W45X}/o
7.1 Eyepieces %3 $EV}dp
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs
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7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 4VfZw\^
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular | <l=i(
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces g=n /w
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces \MFjb IL
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ;*8,PV0b_<
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces +,ojlTVlt
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats /%T d(
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats c o%-d
8.2 Glass Choice [>U =P`
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations CN<EgNt1kN
8.4 Other Design Considerations =G%L:m*
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens XSz)$9~hk
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet SW_jTn#x
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet S -KHot ?
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses qEV>$>}
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 5IiZnG u
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness MFm2p?zPm
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9 Split Triplets @t?uhT*Z=
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets DS1_hbk
10.1 The Classic Tessar l^E)XWd
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac |jE0H!j
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens 0P_3%
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets :f5"w+
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar a EmL f
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats E*X-f"
11.1 Meniscus Components P+t`Rw
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon As-xO~ +
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens JP*VR=0k?
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses ?hS&OtW
11.5 The Split Dagor 'PVxc %[
11.6 The Dogmar }:a:E~5y
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens N.@@ebuE
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens g<$q#l~4xH
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version R;EdYbiF b
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens n(tx '&U"R
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet xb~8uD5
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet k]9v${Ke
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element q,v)X
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar Kk9W =vd
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay (N
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13 Telephoto Lenses r`GA5 }M
13.1 The Basic Telephoto A$ Ok^
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses sw$$I~21
13.3 Telephoto Designs K)[D A*W
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch g,] GzHV1
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses WYXh1_nyk
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle oK#UEn
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens hX9vtV5L
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses nBJ'ak
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses ~duF2m 72
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ee\QK,Q V
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens e> -fI_+b
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens "1HKD
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener b:t|9 FE%
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ~D\zz }l
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems f'?FYBL
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17 Microscope Objectives xka&,`z
17.1 General Considerations BOdd~f%&tn
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front Z b}U 4
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives VtnVl`/]
17.4 Reflecting Objectives RB Og;EJ
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs ^bG91"0A
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ?8]g&V
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors ,y}@I"
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems @P @{%I
18.3 Catadioptric Systems <@H`5[R
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems z,xGjS P
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids :` > bh
18.6 Unobscured Systems @<`P-+m
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” u1; sH{YK>
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems c$^~7.~{Qy
19.1 Infrared Optics y/>IF|aX
19.2 IR Objective Lenses v+(-\T\i
19.3 IR Telescope zw[ #B #
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders yIYQ.-DkS+
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems R@~=z5X( Q
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ex6 QHUQ
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20 Zoom Lenses ToR@XL!%rP
20.1 Zoom Lenses s Wv!ig_
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras Z;~ 7L*|
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens \=uD)9 V
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens OF/hD2V
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure O;+
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses fUq:`# Q
21.1 Projection TV Lenses ^C' {# p "
21.2 Macro Lenses )~-r&Q5d
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses [*U.bRs
22.1 Monochromatic Systems rT(b t~Z
22.2 Scanner Lenses hip't@.uE
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses o1R:1!"2
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23 Tolerance Budgeting Zu /w[*;M
23.1 The Tolerance Budget {Y|?~h a#
23.2 Additive Tolerances %>!W+rO,
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget 0+T:};]
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24 Formulary i} 5M'~ F
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions | j=Pj)5J
24.2 The Cardinal Points "0LSy x
24.3 Image Equations $ Y M( NC
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) GT,1t=|&V
24.5 Invariants L)c] i'W Z
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) *Hz]<b?
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships B#r"|x# [
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions XtqhK" f%
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs QB3er]y0%
24.10 Stop Shift Equations G=er0(7<
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces {r%T_BfY
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) %bS1$
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Glossary m- bu{
Reference o)n= n!A
Index
