"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith 6c*Q BzNL
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition B6 U4>ZN
s[%@3bY!7
1 Introduction G& @_,y|
1.1 Lens Design Books K<p)-q
1.2 Reference Material 1 Ay.^f
1.3 Specifications y-_IMu.J`
1.4 Lens Design ; g\r Y
1.5 Lens Design Program Features %Vhj< gN
1.6 About This Book i([|@Y=
*/j[n$K>~`
2 Automatic Lens Design A>rN.XW
2.2 The Merit Function e|4U2\&3y
2.3 Local Minima `FBy ME
2.4 The Landscape Lens sM@1Qyv&0
2.5 Types of Merit Function g3c,x kaO
2.6 Stagnation cD 9.L
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing e\ ! i c
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization ese?; 1 r
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems }T"&4Rvs2R
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits B1va]=([)W
2.11 Spectral Weighting J'*`K>wV
2.12 How to Get Started -NUA
i)@H
3 Improving a Design Dj{=Y`Tw
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques _@O.EksY3r
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) mBDzc(_\$'
3.3 Splitting Elements G] ,W{<Pe
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet U?j[
8z
3.5 Compounding an Element ) @6iQ
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses ,R=)^Gh {
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem b E b+oRI
3.8 Balancing Aberrations Ha~} NO
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle )b-KF}]d
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces tw&biLM5T
?;DzWCL~9
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design ZQ[ s/
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation -fD W>]_
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 3PEW0b*]Pf
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations U\6Ee-1#_
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function Xd'B0kQaT
4.5 Fabrication Considerations T26'b .
Cg]S`R-
5 Lens Design Data 66HxwY3a
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs j!K{1s[.y
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots gCM(h[7A
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign f&?
8fB8{
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 7%i6zP /a
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots MG4(,"c!
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot U 8 n=Ro
Qo+Y
6 Telescope Objective C0;:")6~
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet G,XUMZ
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective 1Wz5Iv#Ez
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective I~25}(IDZ"
6.4 Spherochromatism FIpJ>E"n
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration Q`BB@E
6.6 Induced Aberrations F`57;)F
6.7 Three-Element Objectives :7pt=IA
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) #<yKG \X?
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet $#FA/+<&$
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design @ "0n8y
6.11 A Final Note Y | aaZ|+
%RXFgm!{f
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers Hf9F:yH
7.1 Eyepieces z}2
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs D >K=D "
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces qIk( ei
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular [wcp2g3Px
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces &\<?7Qj3U|
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces $rH}2
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier _OJ19 Ry
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces .%_=(C< E
q[%SF=~<k{
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ^'$P [
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats P;ovPyoO
8.2 Glass Choice xN 44>3#
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations =5#s B *
8.4 Other Design Considerations &Tk@2<5=
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens EN)0b, ax
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet yGlOs]>n
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet 6Wc.iomx8
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses ?$%2\"wX~7
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces B{ cb'\ C
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness Hw~?%g:<S
V)cL=4G
9 Split Triplets #)( D_*
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets AP(%m';
10.1 The Classic Tessar {@>6E8)H5
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac B q7Qbj
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens K7]QgfpSZ
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets }&LL o
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar 2~QN#u|UC3
,5P
tB]8&3
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats pSS8 %r%S'
11.1 Meniscus Components L+NrU+:=C
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon LRv[,]b
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens $Zf]1?|xa
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses r $&WwH2^
11.5 The Split Dagor B-[qS;PY%
11.6 The Dogmar '))=y@M
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens C7_#D O6"
^MUvd
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens xoN? [
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version h |[oQ8)
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens 01vKx)f
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet `_>44!M
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet N3?hu}
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element oPR?A r
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar YUQKy2
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay 1ika'
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13 Telephoto Lenses y!jq!faqt
13.1 The Basic Telephoto t? [8k&Z
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses z#\YA]1
13.3 Telephoto Designs S3> <zGYk
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch T&s}~S=m
f}VIkx]X"
Q ;$NDYV1
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses ++Fk8R/$U[
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle Oq*=oz^~1
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens tz/NR/[
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses gR@," 6b3
f"0?_cG{%
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses ,")/R/ d
poVtg}n
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses CL<m+dW%*
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens HHg[6aw
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens Hjc *W Tu
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener `6 ?.ihV
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses jQ 9i<-zc
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems i|QL6e*0
ZMmf!cKY:'
17 Microscope Objectives ,_ RP y2N
17.1 General Considerations 7r wNjY#
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front NLF6O9
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives Qs;MEt 1
17.4 Reflecting Objectives ]TIBy " 3
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs T/ TMi&:?.
)1o<} 7
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems y~;w`5;|
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors p+; La
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems !Yu|au
18.3 Catadioptric Systems l$3YJ.n|s~
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems 9 O\N
K:2
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids ]%Z7wF</
18.6 Unobscured Systems %S]g8O[}nl
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” GKa_6X_
?qR11A};tG
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems l[M?"<Ot;
19.1 Infrared Optics s[#ww
=T\
19.2 IR Objective Lenses IHvrx:7
19.3 IR Telescope = `oGH
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders S F&EVRv
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems -VkPy<)
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses xoyH5ZK@
to# N>VfD
20 Zoom Lenses A7=k 9|
20.1 Zoom Lenses (?lKedA>2
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras Vc$y ^|=
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens +'!Y[7|9iv
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens -9~WtTaV.H
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure QV9 z81[
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses \2VYDBi?|
21.1 Projection TV Lenses Bd>a"3fA
21.2 Macro Lenses gMUCVKGf
E 9v<VoNP`
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses d{*e 0
22.1 Monochromatic Systems Ym$=^f]-
22.2 Scanner Lenses ^{l$>e]
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses t$-!1jq
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D7[N
23 Tolerance Budgeting 0.
mS^g,M-
23.1 The Tolerance Budget G'f5MP 1
23.2 Additive Tolerances ;cp,d~m rf
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget D%!GY 1wdn
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24 Formulary h #(J6ht
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions :FX|9h
24.2 The Cardinal Points p~f =0K
24.3 Image Equations L{Kl!
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface)
B`wrr8"Rz
24.5 Invariants Y[Eq;a132
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) YK%rTbB(
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships V3c7F4\
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions Sgq?r-Q.
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs ]1&} L^a
24.10 Stop Shift Equations #gSLFM{p
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces oxXCf%!
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) Q Zv}\C-c
(qdvvu #E
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Glossary 5Sx.'o$
Reference 'e:(61_
Index
