"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith :@a8>i1&
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition ~mP#V
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1 Introduction Squ'd
1.1 Lens Design Books Q%o:*(x[O
1.2 Reference Material ~:~-AXaMT
1.3 Specifications AC;ja$A#
1.4 Lens Design T$RVz
1.5 Lens Design Program Features M >#kfSF+
1.6 About This Book *Hx{ eqC
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2 Automatic Lens Design r)UtS4 7
2.2 The Merit Function dY'/\dJ
2.3 Local Minima RwJ#G7S#
2.4 The Landscape Lens x?v/|
2.5 Types of Merit Function \ws<W7
2.6 Stagnation ;WxE0Q:!~
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing ;L (dmx?
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization D|lp3\`%
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems oh
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2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits = s^KZV
2.11 Spectral Weighting qT7E"|.$
2.12 How to Get Started g/e\EkT
(!`TO{ !6P
3 Improving a Design ANh7`AUuO
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques <3i2(k
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) :!H]gC
4
3.3 Splitting Elements O}5mDx
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet r!A1Sfo4P
3.5 Compounding an Element R+
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3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses vDl6TKXcu
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem Rg@W0Bc)
3.8 Balancing Aberrations Nr 5h%<`I
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle Sxo9y0K8-
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 7~(|q2ib
Al&)8x{p
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design `(NMHXgG+
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation SKO*x^"eU
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance d/oxRzk'L
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations vZ3/t8$*
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function JtA
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4.5 Fabrication Considerations ]@YBa4}w
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5 Lens Design Data LA?h +)
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs GR6BpV7
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 6bj.z
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 4E\Jk 5co,
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF {Yp>h5nwM_
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots ?VVtEmIN
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot G1K72M}CW
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6 Telescope Objective cZ>h [XX[
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet .[YM0dt
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective 5`] ;[M9
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective lU6?p")F1
6.4 Spherochromatism Wc]L43u
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration n
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6.6 Induced Aberrations |-kU]NJFR
6.7 Three-Element Objectives 'Bul_D4B
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) Z1u:OI@(
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 3@xn<eu
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design H$GJpXIb
6.11 A Final Note .C$4jR.KC
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers v8=7
7.1 Eyepieces rO#WG}E<"
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs `rt?n|*QF
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces #Fp5>%*
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular }\+7*|
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces GI:J9TS
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces E"8cB]`|8
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier B[2 qI7D$
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces +\r=/""DW
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats _G9vsi
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats NFDh!HUm
8.2 Glass Choice /"$A?}V
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations +
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8.4 Other Design Considerations !aylrJJ
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens T&@xgj|!)
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet PWU8 9YXp
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet ^Bkwbj
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses a g=,oYn
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces *CsRO
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 8v eG^o
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9 Split Triplets #2&DDy)Bf
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets ?\_\pa/+
10.1 The Classic Tessar dS+/G9X^
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac /iz{NulOz*
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens l'Oz-p.@
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets /&PRw<}>_o
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar >a6{y
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats U/9i'D[|{
11.1 Meniscus Components l y!vbpE_
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 4V2}'/|[
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens osBwX.G'l
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 7FQ&LF46
11.5 The Split Dagor UaW,#P
11.6 The Dogmar >v
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11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens j<BW/
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens ef
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12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version .mr&zq
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens *y6zwe !M
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet [:vH_(|
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet 8ClOd<I
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element df85g
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar H K]-QTEn
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay CtEpS<*c
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13 Telephoto Lenses o7_*#5rD
13.1 The Basic Telephoto E:_m6
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13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses MXVQ90
13.3 Telephoto Designs xZMQ+OW2i
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch fN!ci']
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses =sp5.-r
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 9)y7K%b0
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens Fl{@B*3@w
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses @Rc/^B:
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses QsO%m
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 26e. Hu
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens CXAW>VdK_
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens Rhfx
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener $u ae8h
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses 80'!XKSP
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems b6]MJ0do
vzXfJP
17 Microscope Objectives >'/KOK"
17.1 General Considerations ?W27
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front XABB6J]
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives D
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17.4 Reflecting Objectives qk+RZ>T<o
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs ZyJ-}[z
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems rDD,eNjG
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors [iO*t,3@h
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems qV7F=1k]
18.3 Catadioptric Systems ],W/IDv
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems 8:9/RL\"x
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids -ff@W m
18.6 Unobscured Systems K6z)&<
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” ]%Db %A
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems iXgy/>qgT
19.1 Infrared Optics lTR/o
19.2 IR Objective Lenses +";<Kd -
19.3 IR Telescope J#/L}h;qH
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders .Fl5b}C(
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems Z=I+_p_G
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses .='hYe.
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20 Zoom Lenses U65a_dakk
20.1 Zoom Lenses o8ERU($/
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras n N_Ylw
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens W,D$=Bg
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens n>o0PtGxC
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure eoGGWW@[
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses O: J;zv\
21.1 Projection TV Lenses bT8 ?(Iu
21.2 Macro Lenses (Qp53g
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses U4.-{.
22.1 Monochromatic Systems A`I ;m0<
22.2 Scanner Lenses V."qxKsz
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses |PaVb4j
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23 Tolerance Budgeting aGx[?}=
23.1 The Tolerance Budget C4h4W3w
23.2 Additive Tolerances Y@#rGV>
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget |'SgGg=E
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24 Formulary M~O$,dof
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions @&F\ M}
24.2 The Cardinal Points },& =r= B
24.3 Image Equations TNj WZ
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) qJZ:\u8oO
24.5 Invariants x 3C^ S~
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) fnJ!~b*qo
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships ln*_mM/Q%
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions }|-Yd"$
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs Cu,#w3JR
24.10 Stop Shift Equations 9bb5?b/
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces 79y'PFSms
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) dFw>SYrpu
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Glossary &`}8Jz=S
Reference h;RKF\U:"
Index