"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith U <I]_]
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition g9@H4y6fe=
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1 Introduction @ )Nw>/; o
1.1 Lens Design Books X"g`hT"i
1.2 Reference Material "P
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1.3 Specifications G.]'p n
1.4 Lens Design Q!70D)O $
1.5 Lens Design Program Features Q% x-BZb~
1.6 About This Book >f70-D28
OM?FpRVU 8
2 Automatic Lens Design ko ~D;M:
2.2 The Merit Function ~(\ .j=x
2.3 Local Minima _o? I=UN2:
2.4 The Landscape Lens epgAfx-_OH
2.5 Types of Merit Function 6'Q*SO;1gh
2.6 Stagnation 8(g}/%1mt3
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing +<bvh<]Od
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization a%r ( F
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems -f["1-A
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits jE n 9T
2.11 Spectral Weighting mcTC'. 9
2.12 How to Get Started GD% qrK?
Q 7-'5s
3 Improving a Design x27$h)R0v
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 2=7:6Fw
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) pgBIYeY,
3.3 Splitting Elements X 4\V4_
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet -J>f,zA
3.5 Compounding an Element gO# %*
W
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses b8**M'k
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem r4Xaa<
3.8 Balancing Aberrations 7()5\ae@q'
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle ce:wF#Qs
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces .rQ cg.8/B
;g LOd5*0
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design v%7Gh -P
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation M[cAfu
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 1 d OB|
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations w|f@sB>j
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function JA% y{Wb
4.5 Fabrication Considerations is=x6G*r
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5 Lens Design Data m[ER~]L/C
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs pnUL+UYeM
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 9Zr6 KA{
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign x"A\ Z-xxz
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF KQ ^E\,@o
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots 4lI&y<F
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot LI>Bl
A@Cvx7X
6 Telescope Objective 8X/SNRk6p
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet udPLWrPF\
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective rpc;*t+z
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective JFq<sY!
6.4 Spherochromatism h-fm)1S_
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration qp {~OW3
6.6 Induced Aberrations %~P3t=r
6.7 Three-Element Objectives S[{,+{b0
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) WBR# Ux
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet E:;MI{;7
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design AoY!f'Z
6.11 A Final Note !&5|:96o
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers Gn4XVzB`O
7.1 Eyepieces `Om
W# \
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs (yoF
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces GK1P7Qy?V
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular k"E|E";B
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 2InM(p7j~K
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces fKO@Qx]
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ?Zb3M
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces S5r. so
js! C`]1
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats BU|)lU5 )z
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats MRT<hB
8.2 Glass Choice J +wnrGoK
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations b5? k gY
8.4 Other Design Considerations h-x~:$Z,
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens , eSpt #M
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet )~`UDaj_
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Yp\Y]pym
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses qRz /$|.
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces A\v53AT
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness olKM0K
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9 Split Triplets F I~=A/:
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets T7o7t5*
10.1 The Classic Tessar "sWsK
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10.2 The Heliar/Pentac Bn.5ivF3
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens nWh f
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets jvpv1>KYV
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar KOoV'YSC[(
`i+2YCk
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats A`"?~_pHC
11.1 Meniscus Components X&Sah}0V&
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon nzF2Waa-
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens vP\6=71Y
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses N#@v`S
11.5 The Split Dagor N^AlhR^
11.6 The Dogmar ;|W:,a{kS
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens -$49l
Aj(y]p8
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens OX?E3 <8`
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 5Zmc3&vRl
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens t_ Rj1U
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet oFT1d
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet &|' NDcp
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element NiQ Y3Nj
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar <9T,J" y
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay ?b93! Q1
p#3G=FV
13 Telephoto Lenses Hs{x Z :
13.1 The Basic Telephoto wA6E7vi'
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses qE VpkvEq
13.3 Telephoto Designs ,?`kYPZ
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch O[z6W.
` k(Q:
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses W|(<z'S
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle t:xTmK&vt
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens O^ 5 C
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses ZI8@ 6 L\
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses U??OiKVZ+
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 4W<[& )7
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens q8,,[R_
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens ~yV?*"Hi
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener d/a wQXKe7
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses oel?w e6
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ^NM>x Ienf
5 +j):_
17 Microscope Objectives ! |z!e>0
17.1 General Considerations ed`7GZB
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front BB :: zBg
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives g>`D!n::n
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 1]vDM&9
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs c?aOX/C'
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems S,f#g?V
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors /gex0 w
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems =
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18.3 Catadioptric Systems WM4,\$
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems !lA~;F
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids U-U (_W5&
18.6 Unobscured Systems /zr)9LQY0
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” 0}|%pm Y`
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems ~y
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19.1 Infrared Optics %*V r}@BA)
19.2 IR Objective Lenses CkNh3'<wg
19.3 IR Telescope d x H .
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 8o.|P8%
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems u
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses @x;(yqOb
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20 Zoom Lenses +8"P*z,
20.1 Zoom Lenses u D[T l
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras H\a \xCP3
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens j0 w@ \gO<
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens Vi0D>4{+
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 2 OqEyXh
V N$7r
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses JxEz1~WK &
21.1 Projection TV Lenses d#W^S[[
21.2 Macro Lenses rj?c
u:B=lZ [
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses ml!c0 <
22.1 Monochromatic Systems &5G@YQD1e
22.2 Scanner Lenses AVfF<E/
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses SwaPRAF
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23 Tolerance Budgeting :h!'\9
23.1 The Tolerance Budget H]f[r~
23.2 Additive Tolerances 2]FRIy
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23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget n wqA\
h-SKw=n
24 Formulary PzhC *" i}
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions e@/' o/
24.2 The Cardinal Points (.L?sDQ</z
24.3 Image Equations \+0l #t$
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) <Z\{ijfvD
24.5 Invariants x uVc1jJH
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) %% )y4>I
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships Q(" 4R
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions m`]d`%Ex
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 8HH R
24.10 Stop Shift Equations %az6\"n
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces 5w+&plIJ
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) h~z}NP
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nV`W0 r(f'
Glossary Lw1[)Vk}E
Reference 1+Ik\
Index
