"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith +~>cAWZq_
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition \ 9fJ)*-
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1 Introduction Yl&bv#[z
1.1 Lens Design Books @Q7^caG
1.2 Reference Material \sAkKPI
1.3 Specifications rf^ u&f
1.4 Lens Design 3 *T/ 7\
1.5 Lens Design Program Features c|@OD3w2lM
1.6 About This Book Dz,|sHCmk
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2 Automatic Lens Design Wf3{z
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2.2 The Merit Function -_xTs(;|8
2.3 Local Minima JXV#V7
2.4 The Landscape Lens Z;z,dw
2.5 Types of Merit Function :IX, mDO
2.6 Stagnation l,6' S8=
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing U ;A,W$<9
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization $ y(Qdb
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems j u&v4]
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 6i;q=N$'
2.11 Spectral Weighting G6}!PEwM
2.12 How to Get Started ykRd+H-t
iGSF5S
3 Improving a Design E9b>w P
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques L=<$^ m
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) Q,M , ^_
3.3 Splitting Elements T_q M@/ f
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet GTi=VSGqF
3.5 Compounding an Element f9OY> |a9
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses .F'Cb)Z
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem s?"\+b
3.8 Balancing Aberrations ' pyIMB?x
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle t%%zuq F`
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces <`WDNi$Y
x:i,l: x
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design aeVd.`lxM
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation }~Do0XUH
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance k& M~yb
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations aT fc>A;
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function #]QS
4.5 Fabrication Considerations *Kpw@4G
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5 Lens Design Data h@]{j_$u
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs )Y &B63]B
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots WL|71?@C
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign fu{v(^
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF jd2 p~W
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots belBdxa{"
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot Q@|"xKa
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6 Telescope Objective d04gmc&*
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet {3SK|J`
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective m^zD']
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective ul
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6.4 Spherochromatism oB @)!'
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration W9{;HGWS
6.6 Induced Aberrations txm6[Io
6.7 Three-Element Objectives H]*B5Jv~
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) "$b{EYq6
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet I?nU+t;
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design EuA352x
6.11 A Final Note o Kr= ]p
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers (#x&Y#5
7.1 Eyepieces YzJWS|]
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs >l=jJTJ;q
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces P8H2v_)X&
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular * NM*
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces zlB[Eg^X
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces O>I%O^
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier G^z>2P
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces Dw 5Ze
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats i-#D c (9
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats VZe' 6?#
8.2 Glass Choice %{UW!/
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ]ncK M?'O
8.4 Other Design Considerations ~]Av$S
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens /XA *:8~!
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet Ic^
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8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet }A[5\V^D*
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses R&:Qy7"
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces P(o>UDy
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 0+)1K U)I
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9 Split Triplets "uj@!SEs`?
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets aI|X~b
10.1 The Classic Tessar Nx+5r p
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac iA`.y9' 2
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens Ji1# >;&
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets '
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10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar pc QkJ F
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats ,1.Td=lY$
11.1 Meniscus Components IFZw54
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon ~ 588m d :
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens mVN\
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses (]VY==t~
11.5 The Split Dagor G)f!AuN=
11.6 The Dogmar 5 /T#>l<
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens biForT_no
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens C1qlB8(Wh>
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version _ /Eg_dQ~@
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens %sPq*w.
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 8A/rkoht*
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet )nq(XM7
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element >wFn|7\)s>
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar -i_XP]b&
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay kw7E<aF!
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13 Telephoto Lenses 1 6nU`TN
13.1 The Basic Telephoto b.8T<@a
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses ( ^_I Ny*
13.3 Telephoto Designs | Ho}
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13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch (yeWArQ
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses 7{k?" NF
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle !/! Fc'A
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens ux 17q>G
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses ?(}~ [
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses Bt 1v7M
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses <K>qK]|C
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens A6E~GJa
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens 0HQTe>!
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener 7h:EU7
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses mtw{7 E
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems wSdiF-ue
#B giDLh
17 Microscope Objectives 3{Zd<JYg4-
17.1 General Considerations 10GU2a$0"$
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front ER}5`*X{
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives rZ.z!10
17.4 Reflecting Objectives s heCwhV
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs dl`{:ZR S
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ^ ]+vtk
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors pwB>$7(_h
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems ~at:\h4:
18.3 Catadioptric Systems 0bSnD|#I
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems v_pFI8Cz)
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids I=
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18.6 Unobscured Systems t8. 3
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” 8.7lc2aX
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems ZqjLZ9?q
19.1 Infrared Optics &]A0=h2{P*
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 'TA
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19.3 IR Telescope <7gv<N6BQf
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders b?, = |H
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems R+=wSG ]
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses `}FZ;q3DP
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20 Zoom Lenses _~}2@&*G"
20.1 Zoom Lenses k%aJ% (
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras {K:] dO
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens C<w&mFozL
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 5ci 1ce
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure j6L (U~%
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses l?Ibq} [~
21.1 Projection TV Lenses 9;L8%T
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21.2 Macro Lenses #) iPvV'
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses CW.T`F
22.1 Monochromatic Systems NK:! U
22.2 Scanner Lenses fP$rOJ)P
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses d'b9.ki\
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23 Tolerance Budgeting +%K~HYN
23.1 The Tolerance Budget WSGho(\
23.2 Additive Tolerances VssWtL
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget _g'x=VJF
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24 Formulary ktp<o.f[
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions yW"[}L h4
24.2 The Cardinal Points >Pvz5Hf/wW
24.3 Image Equations _N0N #L4M
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) @3S:W2k
24.5 Invariants <|w(Sn
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) c:
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24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships \m:( '^\6o
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions "^Y zHq6
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs k~fH:X~x
24.10 Stop Shift Equations s . +`"rK
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces ;<nJBZB9u
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) >5D;uTy
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Glossary vF/wV' Kk
Reference = hY/Yr%P
Index
