"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith VFLW @
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition n>\2_$uDI
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1 Introduction 9HBRWh6
1.1 Lens Design Books vj hh4$k
1.2 Reference Material &^1{x`Qo=
1.3 Specifications >N8*O3
1.4 Lens Design \zM3{{mV/
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 9L9qLF5 t
1.6 About This Book \<0xg[
x#c%+
2 Automatic Lens Design lXOT >$qR<
2.2 The Merit Function x_$`#m{hL5
2.3 Local Minima 1yV+~)by3
2.4 The Landscape Lens g=L80$1
2.5 Types of Merit Function ^SC2k LI
2.6 Stagnation TAp8x
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing AtYqD<hl:
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization p` /c& }
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems fF]w[lLDv
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits X(JE]6_
2.11 Spectral Weighting W\5PsGUsv
2.12 How to Get Started G; Py%8
8Ai\T_l
3 Improving a Design $~)YI/b
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques WO!'( "
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) B&>z& !}
3.3 Splitting Elements :b`ywSp`
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet |*n
B2
3.5 Compounding an Element "< })X.t
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses #6*20w_u
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem /_qW?LKG/
3.8 Balancing Aberrations pj#l s
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle yV?qX\~*
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 0,5)L\{
R
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J"T|@
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design XJ e}^k
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation Z]08gH
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance ;LqpX!Pi
f
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations YDYN#Ob(;
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function i !;9A6D
4.5 Fabrication Considerations bYBE h n
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5 Lens Design Data \wF- [' ]N
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs X.+ |o@G
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots }inV)QQ
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign aUk]wiwIR9
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF |8?e4yVd
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots G j^*
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot s
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i
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6 Telescope Objective s;cGf+
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet -G(#,rXk
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective 1YN w=
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 89Ir}bCr
6.4 Spherochromatism U^8S@#1Q
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration NG_7jZzXA9
6.6 Induced Aberrations hBi/lHu'
6.7 Three-Element Objectives L7]o^p{g}Q
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) <$? ?Z;6
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet uHq;z{ 2GI
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design J`[gE`d
6.11 A Final Note M+*K-zt0
- 9Dr;2\
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers -&l%CR,U
7.1 Eyepieces n8tw8o%&[
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs R@ ){=8%z
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces ,b4oV
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular WK0:3q(P
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces Vh? RlIUA
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces (67byO{
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier X;n09 L`CB
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces &0i$Y\g
l <p(zLR
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats -^3uQa<zN^
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats !jvl"+_FV
8.2 Glass Choice ST2:&xH(
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations Z~F*$jn
8.4 Other Design Considerations SlG ^ H
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens Gt)ij?~
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet }?o4MiLB
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet hpgOsF9Lh
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses yf7 |/M
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces .yDGw Lry
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 9kh MG$
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9 Split Triplets (%OZ `?`
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets sY 4q$F q
10.1 The Classic Tessar tW
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10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 4jSYR#Hqp`
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens {1qr6P,"
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Xmi~fie
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar Zl>dBc%
Np i) R)
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats *nYg-)
11.1 Meniscus Components 3-&~jm~"
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon zk"8mTg
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens RL$%Vy0
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses D(OJr5Gg
11.5 The Split Dagor :%Oz:YxC/
11.6 The Dogmar DJ*mWi.
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens TMo DN%{
G$2@N6
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens t|mK5aR4
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version ``eam8Az_U
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens |} .}q
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet k~gOL #$
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet ]-9w'K d
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element {
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12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar \7%#4@;?
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay R}cNhZC
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13 Telephoto Lenses 8\^A;5
13.1 The Basic Telephoto PR]b ]=
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses Y SB=n d_
13.3 Telephoto Designs &q@brX<,=
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch vS)>g4
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses !\[JWN@v
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 0#DEh|?
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens UfPHV%Wd
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses Fi67 "*gE
;g? |y(xv
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses NPrLM5
_Z!@#y@j
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 3 z(4axH'
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens HFI0\*xn(
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens dJ
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16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener `CH,QT7e
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ZZ!">AN`^
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems Eh ";irE
! xG*W6IT
17 Microscope Objectives (wM` LE(Ks
17.1 General Considerations KyfH8Na?
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front `:;q4zi j;
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives o.Rv<a5.L
17.4 Reflecting Objectives &e@)yVLL
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs AB`.K{h
9aY8`B
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems (/N&_r4 x
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors RG""/x ;
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems IlB8~{p_
18.3 Catadioptric Systems %^HE^ &
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems ~^V&n`*7D
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 4&;iORw&E4
18.6 Unobscured Systems a!E22k?((z
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” [)1vKaC
Wz s=BNm9
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems &v0-$
19.1 Infrared Optics C_kuW+H
19.2 IR Objective Lenses UJSI bb5
19.3 IR Telescope -]HZ?@
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders sHc-xnd
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems M|K^u.4
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses SXZ9+<\
w+ R7NFq
20 Zoom Lenses p>;@]!YWQ
20.1 Zoom Lenses 26rg-?;V^
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras &<]f-
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens w CB*v<*
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 0^gY4qx[u
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure LW T\1#
nYj rEy)Q
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses o #e8
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21.1 Projection TV Lenses 32 <D9_
21.2 Macro Lenses fk5'v
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses oNyYx6q:Q
22.1 Monochromatic Systems hOU H1m.
22.2 Scanner Lenses $TXxhd 6
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 0bDc
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23 Tolerance Budgeting 0X5cn 0L^
23.1 The Tolerance Budget M% \ T5
23.2 Additive Tolerances &,k! ,<IF
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget 3-
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24 Formulary 1N8] ~ j
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 5]N0p,f
24.2 The Cardinal Points FN-/~Su~J
24.3 Image Equations BB/wL_=:
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) fd&Fn=!
24.5 Invariants sv % X8
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 7Ed0BJTa
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships THp_ dTD
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions FBNLszT{L
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs '"
"v7
24.10 Stop Shift Equations (BVqmi{
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces CUI3^;&S
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) vPNbV
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Glossary T(D6'm:X
Reference .[O{,r
Index
