"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith x~rIr#o
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition I MpEp}7
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1 Introduction ^W{+ ?q'
1.1 Lens Design Books q ;1]M[&
1.2 Reference Material qQv?J]l
1.3 Specifications ayTEQS
1.4 Lens Design AtGk
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1.5 Lens Design Program Features @.6l^"L
1.6 About This Book B0 T[[%~3M
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2 Automatic Lens Design -Xb ]=Yf-
2.2 The Merit Function hlWTsi4N
2.3 Local Minima wz3BtCx
2.4 The Landscape Lens 3@f@4t@5V
2.5 Types of Merit Function 2&S*> (
2.6 Stagnation # XE`8$
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing *W~+Nho.A
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization wM8 Gz.9,
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems GcmN40
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits v,#*%Gn`%
2.11 Spectral Weighting b`)^Ao:
2.12 How to Get Started N&n2\Y
I@76ABu^
3 Improving a Design (sSMH6iCif
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 8wKF.+_A
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) c4E=qgP
3.3 Splitting Elements j?K]0j;
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet ()i8 Qepo}
3.5 Compounding an Element OsAH !e
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses jl YnV/ ]
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem A8Tq2]"* S
3.8 Balancing Aberrations Z6#}6Y{
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle z'GYU=
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces <1cYz\/ !M
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design g&I/ b/A
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation Au(zvgP
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance dP}=cZ~
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations \q(DlqTqs
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function b q{":[a
4.5 Fabrication Considerations _7Z|=)
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5 Lens Design Data ! c,= %4Pb
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs d#6'dKV$
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots {U/a h2*
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ASME~]]?
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF \} [{q
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots )D?\ru H
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot qP@d)XRQ
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6 Telescope Objective t4>%<'>e
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet %5.aC|^}
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective XG2&_u&
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective %v
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6.4 Spherochromatism r6k0=6i
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration BBnW0v AZ*
6.6 Induced Aberrations PEqO<a1Z8
6.7 Three-Element Objectives s }yJkQb
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) @=4K%SCw
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet IO3` /R-
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design FaS}$-0
6.11 A Final Note [^ sv.
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers 7 $AEh+f
7.1 Eyepieces
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7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs
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7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces g_ 'F( An
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular 49.
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7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces >; a_i>[
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 1UG5Q-
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier U^+xCX<
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces ] XX9.Xh=-
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats /Xa_Xg7
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats e`gO c*
8.2 Glass Choice S
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8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations =D88jkQe"
8.4 Other Design Considerations fNjxdG{a
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens qIE e7;DO
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet : V16bRpjL
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet m2&"}bI{
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 5cLq6[uO
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Y JzKE7%CO
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness *a }NRf}W
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9 Split Triplets m=;0NLs4
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets q bu>YTj
10.1 The Classic Tessar Z#H ] yG
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac MLD-uI10{
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens CZE!rpl
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets LObS
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10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar O7r<6( q(
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats FtBYPSGz
11.1 Meniscus Components Vy*&po[
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon +% yVW f
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens ki/x o^Y2<
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses V/%tFd1
11.5 The Split Dagor 00s&<EM
11.6 The Dogmar 7)Zk:53]
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens #'"zyidu
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens ]WLQ q4q
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version }9Y d[`
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens eK]g FXk
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 4 yL C
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet B _ ;W!
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element P_ : A%T
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar {O\>"2}m'f
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay "&jWC
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13 Telephoto Lenses N^,@s"g
13.1 The Basic Telephoto P}=u8(u
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses a%3V<
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13.3 Telephoto Designs B+e$S%HV
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch &{#4^.Q
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses ?~G D^F
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle R <kh3T
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens \W^Mo>l
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses .}KY*y
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses ^Y mq<*X
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ^T}6o Ud
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens AiUICf?{
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens ?Bg <74
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener "BN-Jvb7q
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses zj G>=2
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems Z#8O)GK
vj? v7
17 Microscope Objectives li>`9qCmI
17.1 General Considerations [8Zq
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front ,~ ;_ -
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives "2cJ'n/L
17.4 Reflecting Objectives Fi8'3/q-^
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs )ZkQWiP-
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems -8- BVU
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors KEfn$\
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems jI`1>>N&1
18.3 Catadioptric Systems L2v
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18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems h/9{E:ML
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids W'2a1E
18.6 Unobscured Systems *0 y|0J+ 0
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” @S3G> i
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems d1=kHU4_9
19.1 Infrared Optics E1,Sr?'
19.2 IR Objective Lenses &p\fdR4e
19.3 IR Telescope +-=o16*{ !
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders r[P5
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19,5 Ultraviolet Systems cO$
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses 9v7l@2 /
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20 Zoom Lenses 'BE &l W
20.1 Zoom Lenses 3EGQ $
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras yGN@Hd:9
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens j(j o8
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 2FHWOy
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20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 5<-_"/_
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses W}6(; tI
21.1 Projection TV Lenses EYc, "'
21.2 Macro Lenses O LAw Rha
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses ZVo%ssVt
22.1 Monochromatic Systems zo*YPDEm"
22.2 Scanner Lenses mmC&xZ5f
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses uus}NZ:*l
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23 Tolerance Budgeting &m=Xg(G~c
23.1 The Tolerance Budget TV$Pl[m
23.2 Additive Tolerances ?b?` (JTR
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget QN =a {
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24 Formulary #BQ7rF7CNE
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions cU\Er {
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24.2 The Cardinal Points VV/6~jy0
24.3 Image Equations m&)5QX
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) Pkx*1.uo
24.5 Invariants 7I~ Ww{
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) t7 |uZHKK
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships nBs%k!RR
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions Kj R ^6v
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs J( *Q t F
24.10 Stop Shift Equations k/+ -Tq;
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces R["2kEF
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) T( @y #09
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Glossary <b7 4L
Reference FC.d]XA%/d
Index
