"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith W%W.
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition )-{Qa\6(%
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1 Introduction s?E: ]
1.1 Lens Design Books 'x0t,
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1.2 Reference Material :jX~]1hpmA
1.3 Specifications YC_^jRB8n
1.4 Lens Design ckk [n
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 80EY7#r@w
1.6 About This Book D.6dPzu`
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2 Automatic Lens Design %ze1ZWO{
2.2 The Merit Function KV*:,>
2.3 Local Minima QBy*y $
2.4 The Landscape Lens \d+HYLAJn
2.5 Types of Merit Function F%d"gF0qu
2.6 Stagnation \PONaRK|[z
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing u3:Q t2^S
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization k#(cZ
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems YM|S<
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits #0D.37R+k
2.11 Spectral Weighting }(K6 YL
2.12 How to Get Started S\ZAcz4
SA1/U
3 Improving a Design ,Tl5@RN
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 3>" h*U#
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) $rEd5W&d!
3.3 Splitting Elements wjJ1Psnx
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet (O2HB-<rY
3.5 Compounding an Element 0?xiG SZV
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses @RIEO%S
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem YMTA`T(+
3.8 Balancing Aberrations NR&9:?
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle =.hDf<U
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces =>
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design i@Zj7#e*
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation h.;CL#s
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance ? myXG92
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations
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4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function O97bgj]
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 1qe^rz|
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5 Lens Design Data c$kb0VR
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs :5{@*
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots b,R'T+4[
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign v|(b,J3
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF !u}3H|6~
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots jYX9;C;J
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot OX/.v?c
'5/}MMT
6 Telescope Objective B kxhF
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet DS}rFU
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective #L:P
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6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective YB~t|m65
6.4 Spherochromatism %*c|[7Z~V
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration ,l .U^d6>
6.6 Induced Aberrations
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6.7 Three-Element Objectives {IHK<aW
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) "%Ana=cc
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ;sR6dT)
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 8]":[s6x
6.11 A Final Note kdh9ftm*\
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers 1bZiPG{
7.1 Eyepieces Z/= %J3f
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs rHgdvDc
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces qf`xH"$
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular |;9 A{#zM
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces hdtnC29$
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces ,/`E|eG1G
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier Q!Ow{(|
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces Z3So|M{v
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats A1QI4.K
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 04PoBv~g
8.2 Glass Choice cia-OVX
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations Kq 4<l
8.4 Other Design Considerations :~3{oZGX&
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens H<Kkj
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet 2Uv3_i<
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet 2K rqY
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 4^[}]'w
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces gJ5wAK+?
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness PIEW \i
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9 Split Triplets 9;]wF8h
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets C8qTz".5$
10.1 The Classic Tessar mKq<'t]^k
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac ;eW'}&|LV
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens 1Y"35)CR)
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets
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10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ri<'-w i
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats 3 "l
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11.1 Meniscus Components @0ov!9]Rw-
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon #5-A&
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens aXIB ) $1
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses >{ECyh;
11.5 The Split Dagor 'EL ||
11.6 The Dogmar "VDk1YX_&l
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens 1]>$5 1Q
[T 4 pgt'H
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens L8:]`MQ0
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 0Q$~k
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens V9zywM
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 4ypRyO
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet ]M~8@K
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element mNx,L+3
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar }0BL0N`_
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay G}P)vfcH
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13 Telephoto Lenses C!7U<rI
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 0):uF_t<
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses emv ;m/&8
13.3 Telephoto Designs |7QVMFZ
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch Z[#I"-Q~:
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses yX7CN5vVl
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 1UW s_|X!
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens *MYt:ms
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses y _'e yR@)
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses \|eJJC
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses &<gUFcw7Ui
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens 7$+P|U
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens m x3}m?WQ
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener Z!wD~C"D73
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses .Lojzx
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems yy1>r }L
M8 iEVJ
17 Microscope Objectives a3O nW\N
17.1 General Considerations 6Cl+KcJH
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front ljup#:n
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives =cdh'"XN
17.4 Reflecting Objectives M MAAHo
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs DH\wDQ
j6n2dMRvSE
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems h`?y2?O
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors '"`
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18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems D^,\cZbY
18.3 Catadioptric Systems H9%l?r5
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems tgO+*q5B
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids T?H\&2CLT
18.6 Unobscured Systems n&_YYEHx
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” } c{Fa&
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems R]CZw;zS_
19.1 Infrared Optics 8W-]t1O%!
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ?N4A9W9
19.3 IR Telescope &bB6}H(
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders \4OK!6LkI
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems n<{aPLQ
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses myD{sE2A
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20 Zoom Lenses jZrY=f
20.1 Zoom Lenses z8b
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20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras q^u1z|'Z
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens b![t6-f^z
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens Tv`_n2J`2
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure G-2EQ.
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses N%O[
21.1 Projection TV Lenses Y.E?;iS
21.2 Macro Lenses 3nwz<P
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses (Ar?QwP9>
22.1 Monochromatic Systems yHl@_rN
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22.2 Scanner Lenses ?LM:RADCm
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses y0;,dv]
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23 Tolerance Budgeting LxB&7
23.1 The Tolerance Budget DK)u)?!
23.2 Additive Tolerances HH7[tGF
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget yP
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24 Formulary MM7"a?y)
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions H]BAW *}
24.2 The Cardinal Points w.tW=z5
24.3 Image Equations Pow|:Lau!
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) 7O:"~L
24.5 Invariants +hpSxdAz4
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) ~+<<bzY
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships THJ
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24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 6?O}Q7G
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 02,W~+d1
24.10 Stop Shift Equations &%6NQWW
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces Bn{)|&;
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) Hv3W{|
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Glossary $1~c_<DN
Reference zFOL(s.h|0
Index