"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith rBs7,h
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition uR)itmc?
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1 Introduction 9<<$uf.B
1.1 Lens Design Books Ed#%F-1sX
1.2 Reference Material M4M
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1.3 Specifications `{I,!to
1.4 Lens Design H_;Dq*
1.5 Lens Design Program Features F']Vg31c
1.6 About This Book 8s8q`_.)(
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2 Automatic Lens Design F~a5yW:R=)
2.2 The Merit Function b7v] g]*
2.3 Local Minima 05*_h0}
2.4 The Landscape Lens .5L/<
2.5 Types of Merit Function u!g=>zEu
2.6 Stagnation 8q7KqYu
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing c%pW'UE&
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization O~d!*A
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems ~2@U85"o
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits T'XAcH
2.11 Spectral Weighting $';'MoS
2.12 How to Get Started HAo8]?J
2 )RW*Qu;+
3 Improving a Design l=9&
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques /dOQ4VA\
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) oBqP^uT>a|
3.3 Splitting Elements 9Lz)SYd
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet IvIBf2D;Q
3.5 Compounding an Element cdU2ph_
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses XP2=x_"y
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem 8f^URN<x
3.8 Balancing Aberrations AG}'
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3.9 The Symmetrical Principle a0)+=*$
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces c'`7p/l.
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design `H/HLCt
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation Zy*}C,Z
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance ::H jpM
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 86%weU/*
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ~ezCE4^&
4.5 Fabrication Considerations cIM5;"gLP
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5 Lens Design Data fY%Sw7ql<
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ]v_xEH}T
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 0SKt8pL`
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign T>f-b3dk
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF CQ,r*VAw
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots #s
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5.6 Various Evaluation Plot 't)j
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6 Telescope Objective #i2q}/w5`C
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet vMRKs#&8
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective =:"@YD^a4
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective KAsS= `
6.4 Spherochromatism r456M-~
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration Q ;k_q3
6.6 Induced Aberrations 82/iVm1
6.7 Three-Element Objectives |=%$7b\C
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) &OzJ^G\o
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ;'o>6I7Ph
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design uDoSe^0
6.11 A Final Note ["L?t ^*G
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers Ue,"CQ6H
7.1 Eyepieces V|a59[y?
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs WLh_b)V|
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces x~{m%)I
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular ,RT\&Ze5
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces T@vVff
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces YYM
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier A1'IK.
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces ^9{ 2
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats O/-OW: 03
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats q?0goL
8.2 Glass Choice 0?`#ko7~d
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations a9qZI
8.4 Other Design Considerations #F{|G:\@[
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens Ahwu'mgnC
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet Hd2_Cg FB
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet XqwdJND
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses r}5GJ|p0
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces e4`KnHsL
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness _9gn;F
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9 Split Triplets jyT(LDsS
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets LnyA 5T
10.1 The Classic Tessar d[Fsp7U}
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac q{5Vq_s\
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens }}xR?+4A
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets =VSieh
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar eo,]b1C2n
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats ){(cRB $
11.1 Meniscus Components pucHB<R@bL
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon [{c8:)ar
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens a*D|$<V
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses #,9|Hr%
11.5 The Split Dagor vaU7tJ:
11.6 The Dogmar u4nXK
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11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens |JDJ{;o
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens ]f c:CR
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version z>&D~0
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens !3&}r
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet Q:LuRE!t
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet XDWERvIj
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element x~z 2l#ow
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar Q6>vF)(
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12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay "LWp/
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13 Telephoto Lenses Y\=:j7'
13.1 The Basic Telephoto ~@O4>T+VW
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses y1saE
13.3 Telephoto Designs zJy{Ry[Sb
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch GhT7:_r~
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses ]aR4U`
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle /l`XJs
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens j
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14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses {V&7JZl,/
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses %xruPWT:k
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses P&YaJUq.u
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens izw}25SW
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens 4ca-!pI0
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener :}z%N7T
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses /%c^ i!=f"
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems QUDVsN#
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17 Microscope Objectives }M9al@"
17.1 General Considerations xRUYJ=|oh
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front g}-Z]2(c#
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives ^&.?kJM
17.4 Reflecting Objectives *J=ol
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs a< EC]-nw
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems Y Pc<
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors EHHxCq?
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems "=(;l3-o
18.3 Catadioptric Systems E-D5iiF
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems _ XZ=4s
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids B`aAvD`7
18.6 Unobscured Systems NjxW A&[ng
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” SS~Q ;9o
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems xNkY'4%
19.1 Infrared Optics "BRE0Ir:
19.2 IR Objective Lenses cZ >W8{G
19.3 IR Telescope 8957$g
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders G#:!wI
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems Oy&'zigJ
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses 8tMte!E
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20 Zoom Lenses ArYF\7P
20.1 Zoom Lenses Y ,yaB)&Ih
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras o}A #-
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ~S6 {VK.
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens T6$<o\g'
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure D3xaR
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses <h=M
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21.1 Projection TV Lenses 63S1ed[
21.2 Macro Lenses :$aW@?zAY
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 17)M.(qmuP
22.1 Monochromatic Systems lg>AWTW[
22.2 Scanner Lenses )uvFta<(
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses QtQ^"d65
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23 Tolerance Budgeting &o@5%Rz2/
23.1 The Tolerance Budget sVd_O[
23.2 Additive Tolerances qk,y |7p
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget F |81i$R
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24 Formulary X&.$/xaT
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions yQ{_\t1Wd
24.2 The Cardinal Points J.2]km
24.3 Image Equations ,jsx]U/^
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) JK"uj%
24.5 Invariants -Y?(Zz_w
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) y=xe<#L
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships &6=ZT:.6Te
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions >5O y^u6Ly
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs "!6~*!]c
24.10 Stop Shift Equations NoZ4['NI\
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces OW}j4-~wL
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) h)
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Glossary Q
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Reference 9c}]:3#XO
Index