"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith }-jS0{i
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition <cS"oBh&u0
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1 Introduction O =m_P}K
1.1 Lens Design Books 7~ &
1.2 Reference Material }% 2hBl/
1.3 Specifications PIOG| E
1.4 Lens Design {x_SnZz &
1.5 Lens Design Program Features y.vYT{^
1.6 About This Book $]LhE:!G
+5~5BZP
2 Automatic Lens Design 9BR/zQ2
2.2 The Merit Function @N+ }cej
2.3 Local Minima
h.T]J9;9
2.4 The Landscape Lens 8G3C Q]G
2.5 Types of Merit Function VS`
tj
2.6 Stagnation }\
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2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing 0APh=Alq
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization ^V6cx2M
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems 5\!t!FL_
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits GO&~)Vh&7
2.11 Spectral Weighting "-
2HKs
2.12 How to Get Started .h c-uaL
nUb0R~wr$G
3 Improving a Design x;N@_FZ7KY
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques J n>3c
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) <e&88 {jJ
3.3 Splitting Elements hSkI]%
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet ({& \~"
3.5 Compounding an Element \iL{q^Im
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses B|I9Ex~L
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem M $J{clr
3.8 Balancing Aberrations Z01BzIsR
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle '0b!lVe
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces t .\<Q#bN#
U~3uu &/r
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design &,*G}6wa;&
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation x)}. @\&%
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance /FJ.W<hw
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 6&9}M Oc
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function 1 sJtkge:
4.5 Fabrication Considerations o,NTI h
vM3 b\y p
5 Lens Design Data y V.E+~y
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs L/Tsq=
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots X mb001
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign sh#hDU/</
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF C\`*_t
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots t GS>f>i
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot ~SzHIVj:6
ob. Br:x
6 Telescope Objective hnYL<<AA
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet Uf,f d
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective *DDqa?gQb
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective x&
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6.4 Spherochromatism e'l@M$^
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration y 1 qJ
6.6 Induced Aberrations qr r[QEFW
6.7 Three-Element Objectives PKjM1wqaG@
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) <sncW>?!~
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 90Sp(
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design [`n)2}
k
6.11 A Final Note j1~'[
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers P:OI]x 4
7.1 Eyepieces \cx==[& (
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs p )e?0m26
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces Pd8zdzf{
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular x=I|O;"><
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces Spm0DqqR?
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces h uIvXl
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier lKSd]:3Xm
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces b XNM.K
(3VV(1 8
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats *Y]()#?Gr
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats i-FsA
8.2 Glass Choice #d* )W3e2{
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations /id rb c
8.4 Other Design Considerations !Y,*Zc$R
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens `JAM]qB"
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet !;, Dlq-}
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet P dD, ~N#
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses =}K"@5J
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Dt~ |)L+
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness AuIg =-xR
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9 Split Triplets %0Mvd;#[
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets NpAZuISD!
10.1 The Classic Tessar L ]Y6/Q
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac SL$ bV2T
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens CzfGb4
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 9#MY( Hr
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar oYR OGU
/'QfLW>6
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats 9g~"Y[ ]
11.1 Meniscus Components :406Oa
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon vrX@T ?>
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens nXJG4$G
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses Bm$( 4
11.5 The Split Dagor Iw[7;B5v
11.6 The Dogmar | k?r1dj%O
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens OzA'd\|
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens \'hZm%S
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 4S1\5C9
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens PC)aVr?@@
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet UAEu.AT
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet s ;2ih)[
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element vw)lD9-"
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar ?Rd{`5.D
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay UfSqiu
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13 Telephoto Lenses ?2n F1>1
13.1 The Basic Telephoto < HB@j}qi
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses LK:J kjp^
13.3 Telephoto Designs 6DT ^:LHS
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch q+{$"s9v
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses L+D 9Z E]
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle E+z"m|G
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens e1/{b X5
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses TGH"OXV* @
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses AlA:MO]NM
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses rsn^Y C
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens 7CDp$7v2
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens QW I)Y:<K/
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener -*[:3%
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses b rEA-xNWQ
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems svvl`|n%
*; :dJXR
17 Microscope Objectives zVvL!
17.1 General Considerations ac!!1lwA
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front @0 #JY:"
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives 0vZ49}mb)
17.4 Reflecting Objectives qO{Yr$ V%
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs B+2E IaI
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems gP.PyYUV
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors ({0:1*lF@
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems K_ Od u^
18.3 Catadioptric Systems W2BZG( dm
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems A/!"+Yfw
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids S eh(G
18.6 Unobscured Systems =/Ph ]f9
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” @!Rklh b
P0 9 f
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems }D[j6+E
19.1 Infrared Optics %%sJ+)
19.2 IR Objective Lenses Q 6n!u;
19.3 IR Telescope vYg>^!Q
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders u{&#Gci
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems #QNa|
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses X]}:WGFM
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20 Zoom Lenses SS 6K7
20.1 Zoom Lenses I8 f='
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras dJ {q}U
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ,lcS J^yr
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens UDW_?SHAx
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure \}71p zw(
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses qLV3Y?S!L
21.1 Projection TV Lenses dh_c`{9
21.2 Macro Lenses ?$#P
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses s_}`TejK
22.1 Monochromatic Systems G!+Mu2
22.2 Scanner Lenses 4L_)@n }
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses {fJCj152.
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23 Tolerance Budgeting u|cP&^S
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 66-tNy
23.2 Additive Tolerances ?I$- im
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget ERy=lP~gV
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24 Formulary _2TL>1KZt
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions erh ez
24.2 The Cardinal Points wC? $P
24.3 Image Equations qrf90F)
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) x\oSD1t,
24.5 Invariants T je(hnN
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) THARr#1b};
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships n(`|:h"
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions ,q;?zcC7
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs CXi[$ nF3
24.10 Stop Shift Equations !hFhw1
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces +D2I~hC0'
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) LmytO$?2(
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Glossary `?O 0 )
Reference ^qzH( ~g{M
Index
