"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith IbJ[Og^Qyu
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition ^'[@M'`~L
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1 Introduction } S
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1.1 Lens Design Books sj zXJ`s
1.2 Reference Material 4,U}Am1Q
1.3 Specifications ljJz#+H2_
1.4 Lens Design xeHb89GnoQ
1.5 Lens Design Program Features ytve1<.Ff
1.6 About This Book GX@W"y
Y
<Znv% M
2 Automatic Lens Design crNjI`%tw
2.2 The Merit Function 3IK(f .
2.3 Local Minima @v ~ Pwr!
2.4 The Landscape Lens k?HrD" k"
2.5 Types of Merit Function YXzZ-28,<
2.6 Stagnation ;>Ca(Y2M
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing t{X?PF\>o
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization 9fuJJ3 L[
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems ^b"bRQqm
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits '8l yj&
2.11 Spectral Weighting MKe^_uF
2.12 How to Get Started k%l_N)38
e$Bf[F#;-
3 Improving a Design 2>$F0
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3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques JE sLF{
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) F:;!) H*
3.3 Splitting Elements w*:GM8=6
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 6)wy^a|pb
3.5 Compounding an Element kG$E
tE#
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses fK'.wX9
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem <r B3[IJo
3.8 Balancing Aberrations !{Q :(B#ec
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle zkh hN"bX
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces &"[)s[m+t
U=kx`j>
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 3^\? >C7
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation PEW4J{(W
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance Vd%v_Ek
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations Ha r~MO?A
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function zj > aaY
4.5 Fabrication Considerations ;}/U+ `=D?
VT %
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5 Lens Design Data jC%35bi
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs N-2([v
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots j0iAU1~_VX
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign /mn-+u`K
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF }!%JYG^!D
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots S9 G+#[.|
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot :K~rvv\L7
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6 Telescope Objective FxCZRo&
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet sno`=+|U]
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective (#!] fF"!x
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective oZvA~]x9\
6.4 Spherochromatism >ZT& `E
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration VEj$^bpp5s
6.6 Induced Aberrations ?;|@T ty%
6.7 Three-Element Objectives +Edzjf~Tt
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) :n'yQ#[rn
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet yiV G ]s
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design u 8YB)kG
6.11 A Final Note / !3ZW XY\
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers ~|r~NO
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7.1 Eyepieces }zFf 0.82
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs ZFS7{:
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces B .$PhmCG
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular LY]nl3{E
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces `)R?nV b
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces TE^7P0bh
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier l~bKBz
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces i"vawx m
QsiJ%O Q
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ug Yw <
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats X8/Tl \c
8.2 Glass Choice wV\ %R,bZj
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations w *50ZS;N
8.4 Other Design Considerations 55.;+B5L *
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens VFv9Q2/.
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet ZJ;LD*
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet ''IoC j
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses s/
M7Zl
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces zZ%DtxUoU.
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness LVnHt}
s ]U4 B<q
9 Split Triplets FigR1/3o'6
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets ~e P
10.1 The Classic Tessar nV}8M
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac /aZE,IeEz
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens h
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10.4 Other Compounded Triplets gv#4#]
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar -hWC_X:9jP
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats eN Rs&^
11.1 Meniscus Components aD9rp
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11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon l&Z
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11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens GnFs63
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses rK 7W(D}
11.5 The Split Dagor ?i~g,P]NK
11.6 The Dogmar 5IW8=$k~.)
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens Dkg Uvn/ S
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens @6 /yu>%
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version !}y1CA
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens J~KX|QY.S
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet -gS"pE^1
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet t9F DU
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element I"@p aLZ
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar G?`-]FM O
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay B**Nn!}0
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13 Telephoto Lenses W|MWXs5'1*
13.1 The Basic Telephoto X\Y}oa."A
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses i|]7(z#OyI
13.3 Telephoto Designs 5t\HJ`C1Z
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch _;hf<|c
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses ESTM$k }X
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle h[kU<mU"T
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens cWMUj K/N
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 7(bQ}mHl\
Q&CElx?L
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses `
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses wN97_Y=`n
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens 0*8TS7.3
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens ZF6c{~D
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener @M iH(. Dq
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses Ooc\1lX
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems +5!&E7bcd
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17 Microscope Objectives VT\ "q1)p
17.1 General Considerations
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 6cz/n8M g
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives * 27*>W1
17.4 Reflecting Objectives o.m:3!RW
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs vD FGd-S
tF7hFL5f
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems xwi\
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors :>+\17tx
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems -MBV $:_R
18.3 Catadioptric Systems :"Y*<=x#2
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems aUc|V{Jp
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 8R/dA<Ww
18.6 Unobscured Systems w_hHfZ9E
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” M5g\s;y;
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems o]ePP,
19.1 Infrared Optics :Y P #
19.2 IR Objective Lenses dOFD5}_
19.3 IR Telescope ]p7jhd=
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders EON:B>2a
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems S<`I
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses , ho3
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20 Zoom Lenses &@% $2O.3
20.1 Zoom Lenses KC`q#&dt
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras [P~hjmJ(y
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens P 43P ]M2
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens }}&#|)Yq
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure k(t}^50^j
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses piy`zc- yu
21.1 Projection TV Lenses *=AqM14 @
21.2 Macro Lenses >w+HHs/$wK
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses #bX9Tu0
22.1 Monochromatic Systems 8C bX MT
22.2 Scanner Lenses nUS| sh
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses #bH _Dg5I
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23 Tolerance Budgeting Fqy\CMC
23.1 The Tolerance Budget ,:LA. o}h
23.2 Additive Tolerances }%7 NF*
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget /D! ;u]
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24 Formulary ^ D%FX!$
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions z2_6??tS/c
24.2 The Cardinal Points L bEM^ D
24.3 Image Equations bKg8 rK u
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) 5"XC$?I<}
24.5 Invariants &i+ Ce
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) B"yFS7Rrj
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships =X\^ J
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions eET&pP3Rp
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs ^=>Tk$ _2
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ljTBvU
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces |L2SF B?d=
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) mKr h[nA
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Ym% xx!9
Glossary Xtt ? ]
Reference Bn@(zHG+5&
Index
