"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith 8L]Cc!~
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition aj=-^iGG
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1 Introduction Mb45UG#2
1.1 Lens Design Books jy_4W!4a
1.2 Reference Material b5ul|p
1.3 Specifications ux,eY
1.4 Lens Design ?{xD{f$
1.5 Lens Design Program Features DyA1zwp}
1.6 About This Book irP*:QM
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2 Automatic Lens Design b
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2.2 The Merit Function Hs{x Z:
2.3 Local Minima #%L_wJB-
2.4 The Landscape Lens DghqSL^s
2.5 Types of Merit Function HrMbp
2.6 Stagnation O[z6W.
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing <GLoTolZ
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization +q+JOS]L
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems 2|U6dLZ!
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits _>r(T4}]
2.11 Spectral Weighting &}K%F)S
2.12 How to Get Started P>$+XrTE
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3 Improving a Design (+<66
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3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques U??OiKVZ+
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) Ps;4 ]=c
3.3 Splitting Elements 4W<[& )7
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet q8,,[R_
3.5 Compounding an Element ~yV?*"Hi
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses d/awQXKe7
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem . ~a~(|
3.8 Balancing Aberrations pbIVj3-lY
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle hlz/TIP^N3
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces d`%7Pk
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 5 PP^w~n
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 8@|{n`n]
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 2=%]Ax"R
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations }mI0D>n
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function jj]|}G
4.5 Fabrication Considerations D9hq$?
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5 Lens Design Data JSaF7(a =
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ~:|V,1
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots sP~xe(
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign <7zz"R
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF ^+gD;a|t
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots NbCIL8f]
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot (]10Z8"fJ
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6 Telescope Objective %:Y(x$Qy
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 0%,?z`UY
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ;Cjj_9e,:
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective ZS`Kj(D
6.4 Spherochromatism sE!g!ht
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration }]<|`FNc
6.6 Induced Aberrations 4r86@^c*
6.7 Three-Element Objectives Fq%NY8KNE
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ;lt8~ea
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ]86*k%A
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design Vn\jUEC
6.11 A Final Note A"R(?rQi=
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers \((5Sd
7.1 Eyepieces B(O6qWsL
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs FPPl^
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces h`( VMf'#
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular mHJGpJ=a-
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces /;!I.|j
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces )h{+pK
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier s?4nR:ZC}
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces @2hOy@V
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats QXO~DR1
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats NW*#./WdF8
8.2 Glass Choice ]Zc\si3i&
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations tCPK_Wws?Z
8.4 Other Design Considerations 4]-7S l,
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens 6Tc!=lk
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet 2U"2L^oKI
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet ""_B3'
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses e<FMeg7n
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces }OTJ{eG
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness <:mK&quf
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9 Split Triplets "=JE12=u
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets hTcU
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10.1 The Classic Tessar Kb1@ +
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 4I|pkdF_
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens <(V~eo
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10.4 Other Compounded Triplets e"*ho[
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar .])X.7@x
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats &] xtx>qg<
11.1 Meniscus Components A..`?oGj
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon o|#F@L3i
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens Cb.M
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses $M+'jjnP
11.5 The Split Dagor pF8+<
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11.6 The Dogmar 3preBs#i
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens k`5K&
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens U;"J8
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version ASr@5uFR
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens 4 ?[1JN>
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet W"CG&.
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet iM6(bmc.
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element ^62I 5k/u
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar r6:e
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12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay uY/CiTWr
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13 Telephoto Lenses |`{$Ego:
13.1 The Basic Telephoto Q~P|=*
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses D,(:))DmR
13.3 Telephoto Designs *Tr{a_{~C
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch ?FV%e
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses v\?l+-A?y
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle {LCKt/Z>P
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens DZEq(>mn
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses -z
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses )@y7 qb
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses J |UFuD
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens oEj$xm_}
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens GMoz$c6n_
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener + ef>ek
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses +Z"[2Dm
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ^uVPN1}b^@
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17 Microscope Objectives LX=v
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17.1 General Considerations d 3#e7rQ8
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front a$bE2'cb
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives ziM@@$.F
17.4 Reflecting Objectives ?|!m
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs l
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems P 6=5:-Hh
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors }_@p`>|)rB
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems
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18.3 Catadioptric Systems HW#@e kh
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems ]v]:8>N
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids Cn5;h(r
18.6 Unobscured Systems y-gXGvZ
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” 4%JJ}{Ff
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems bUSa#pNO>
19.1 Infrared Optics _g,_G
19.2 IR Objective Lenses Q:b0!
19.3 IR Telescope %mzDmrzq
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders >}JEX]V
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems *m`x/_y+
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses 'R42N3|F
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20 Zoom Lenses Ae1b`%To
20.1 Zoom Lenses :1@jl2,
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras nY\X!K65
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens OIjG`~Rx
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens jJ,y+o
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure D-x*RRkpp
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 6k<3,`VV|
21.1 Projection TV Lenses y>d`cRy
21.2 Macro Lenses t\Qm2Q)>
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses =@X?$>'
22.1 Monochromatic Systems ?wn<F}UH
22.2 Scanner Lenses F6:LH,~8
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses /ZH* t \
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23 Tolerance Budgeting &4l!2
23.1 The Tolerance Budget JRAU|gr
23.2 Additive Tolerances B8!$?1*^a
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget 1(%6X*z
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24 Formulary BuxU+
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions Q7/Jyx|
24.2 The Cardinal Points /BhP`a%2Q
24.3 Image Equations l\d[S]
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) .SOCWznb
24.5 Invariants T|
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24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) _.%g'=14f
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships ~*Y/#kPY
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions P*hYh5a
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs h53G$Ol.
24.10 Stop Shift Equations Ln/*lLIOb
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces f2v~: u
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) 54RexB o
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Glossary #]^M/y
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Reference wWq-zGH|&