"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith kC"lO'
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition Hpo7diBE
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1 Introduction 65X$k]x
1.1 Lens Design Books $iu{u|VSu
1.2 Reference Material ]A+q:kP
1.3 Specifications ]k
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1.4 Lens Design 8FYcUvxfT
1.5 Lens Design Program Features \3a(8E m
1.6 About This Book wH& [Tg
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2 Automatic Lens Design U>PF#@ C/
2.2 The Merit Function F0
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2.3 Local Minima + o^b , !
2.4 The Landscape Lens +0lvQVdp}
2.5 Types of Merit Function 4Qh\3UL~
2.6 Stagnation !|}(tqt
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing /G[; kR"
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization %P05 k
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems YaI8hj@}
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits ME4 Ir
2.11 Spectral Weighting i]oSVXx4WC
2.12 How to Get Started wju2xM
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3 Improving a Design ~`-z"zM:p
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques C QO gR GW
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) U,q
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3.3 Splitting Elements Twi:BI`.
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet Zt G5vdf
3.5 Compounding an Element WPLM*]6
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses $w!; ~s
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem :y#KR\T1
3.8 Balancing Aberrations B^`'2$3
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle M8j%bmd( ,
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 29#& q`J
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design n u|pa A
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation gQHE 2$i>
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance @w:6m&KL9
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 0NKo)HT
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function g_{hB5N](7
4.5 Fabrication Considerations DSiI%_[Ud
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5 Lens Design Data 5T]GyftFV
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs T 9lk&7W
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots [;O 6)W
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 7/^` y')
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF G+Vlaa/7
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots GMD>Ih.k:9
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot zyey 5Z:7
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6 Telescope Objective nU]4)t_o\
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet Sg$14B
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective zQsu~8P X
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 'J*)o<%
6.4 Spherochromatism CH
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6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration +Fu=9j/,j
6.6 Induced Aberrations L\ p@1N?K
6.7 Three-Element Objectives e> "/Uii
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 4E& = qC]S
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ^ 'jJ~U
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design WR;"^<i9
6.11 A Final Note c o}o$}
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers \gd.Bl
7.1 Eyepieces n|,kL!++.
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs TM sEHd
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces tg%U 2+.q
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular P(N $U^pj
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces ?<@yo&)
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces G4Y]fzC
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier P<@Yux#
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 3W*O%9 t7
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats Yjo$^q
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 0M e *X
8.2 Glass Choice Q<]~>cd ^
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations gB\
a
8.4 Other Design Considerations q#W7.8 Z@
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens G[V?# 7.
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet FBfyW-
7
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet 4%5H<:V7
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses enu",wC3
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces U njU A!v
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness c" mRMDg%
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9 Split Triplets E3N4(V\*
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets v5i?4?-Z
10.1 The Classic Tessar *.ffyBI*~
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac V+A1O k )
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens VN=S&iBa/
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Y4PU~ l
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ,"/<N*vh
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats l\l\T<wa,
11.1 Meniscus Components kTQ`$V(>&
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon .^s%Nh2jM
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens qcxq-HS2'
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses a.F6!?
11.5 The Split Dagor 7QiJ1P.z
11.6 The Dogmar 1KxtHLLU
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens 6 "Tr$E
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens Q$iGpTL
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version hk"^3d !
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens dy u brIG
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet (tGK~!cAv
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet "HR
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12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element S\<]|tM:x
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar _96hw8
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay L4SvE^2+
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13 Telephoto Lenses :xd&V%u`
13.1 The Basic Telephoto "42u0rH0J
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses tq9t(0EL
13.3 Telephoto Designs 8<u_ wt@
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch ;2RCgX!'%
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses 8}p 5 MG
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle k}-%NkQ
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14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens ,2?"W8,
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses Yg%V
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses v
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ?,|_<'$4T
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens {rOz[E9vm
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens \@4QG.3&
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener $ i@5'[jA
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses U^ BB |
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ~I/7{B|yX
;3 '}(_n
17 Microscope Objectives P w
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17.1 General Considerations dQA J`9B
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front ^~MHxF5d
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives $y=sT({VVe
17.4 Reflecting Objectives
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17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs -tx)7KV-
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems zE.4e&m%Z?
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors %{/0K<M
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems /eR @&!D '
18.3 Catadioptric Systems 5n.4>yOY
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems )+w0NhJw
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids /H^bDUC :r
18.6 Unobscured Systems =KT7ZSTV
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” I?-9%4 8iM
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems w _eu@R:u@
19.1 Infrared Optics 4) 9X) Qx
19.2 IR Objective Lenses %8
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19.3 IR Telescope . 36'=K
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders iG! MIt*
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems }Sp MHR`
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses )X\3bPDJR
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20 Zoom Lenses >E"FoZM=
20.1 Zoom Lenses 9>@_};l
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras
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20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens \/K>Iv'$
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens ~`tc|Zu
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ? dSrY
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses :CHCVoh@95
21.1 Projection TV Lenses [W{`L_"
21.2 Macro Lenses =]W{ u`
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses AH=6xtS-
22.1 Monochromatic Systems u# =N8
22.2 Scanner Lenses Kt}dTpVFr
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 0? ,EteR
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23 Tolerance Budgeting =#%e'\)a
23.1 The Tolerance Budget G=Ka{J
23.2 Additive Tolerances E
C 7 f
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget m
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24 Formulary JpS:}yyJ>N
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions gW gK
24.2 The Cardinal Points X[;4 . imE
24.3 Image Equations _rjCwo\
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface)
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24.5 Invariants Mm.!$uR
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) Kq!n `@
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships 0TA/ExJ-LT
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 5-u=ZB%p
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs &2 ?kD{
24.10 Stop Shift Equations YVW!u6W'[6
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces NJl|/ (]v
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) ]s, T`
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9 MM4 C
V i#(x9.
Glossary U k*s`Y
Reference miN(a; Q2P
Index
