"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith XAb!hc
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition 9Rg|o CP_
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1 Introduction [Pnk@jIk4
1.1 Lens Design Books G2A^+R0\
1.2 Reference Material O~1vX9
1.3 Specifications B?cn5
1.4 Lens Design <^APq8>
1.5 Lens Design Program Features Ob"48{w$
1.6 About This Book X4"D Lt"
Q,.[y"m9Y.
2 Automatic Lens Design xKl!{A9$w
2.2 The Merit Function CSC
sJE#4
2.3 Local Minima Kn!n}GtR
2.4 The Landscape Lens d0Jaa1b~O
2.5 Types of Merit Function !G0OD$
2.6 Stagnation z,"fr%*,N
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing ?Z]5
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2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization X
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2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems iAOm[=W
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits [-*1M4D9
2.11 Spectral Weighting HX(Z(rcI
2.12 How to Get Started eB$S d
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3 Improving a Design nsRZy0@$t
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques @w H+,]xE
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) :j}]nS
3.3 Splitting Elements yt+"\d
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet jI-\~
3.5 Compounding an Element '_nJ DM
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses [M7&
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ]
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3.8 Balancing Aberrations uEK9
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle sC/5N
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces ?x*Ve2+]
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design Zi0B$3iOb
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation y2>XLELy
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance @213KmB.
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations ~(BvIzzD
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function z2Pnni7Ys
4.5 Fabrication Considerations ((2 g
1qR[&=/
5 Lens Design Data px!TRbf
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs FXHcy:)}G
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 'pJ46"D@m
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign TTJFF\$?
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF "I)*W8wTn
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots jK[~dY
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot $6(,/}==0
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6 Telescope Objective IsaL+elq|
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet
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6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective =`8%qh
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective `W3;LTPEb
6.4 Spherochromatism Yt 9{:+[RK
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration }\9elVt'2
6.6 Induced Aberrations 1YGj^7V)|Z
6.7 Three-Element Objectives j2UiZLuV
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 8IAf9
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet R3HfE*;Z
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 2WP73:'t
6.11 A Final Note AI$r^t1
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers V/=NIeSE
7.1 Eyepieces Po%+:0oX
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs }mz6z<pJ_
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces KRY%B[k
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular i|z=q
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces N W/RQ(
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces O#}'QZd'
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier %s+H& vfQs
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces igoXMsifT+
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 7XZ5CX&
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ,qx;kJJ
8.2 Glass Choice 0@FZQ$-
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations v<*ga7'S
8.4 Other Design Considerations ?0v(_ v
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens g UfLw
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet /[[_}\xI%
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet d"E@e21
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses i2a""zac
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces #cN0ciCT'
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness F,t
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9 Split Triplets sH//*y
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets 2wHvHH!
10.1 The Classic Tessar #].n0[
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac ^-s'Ad3
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens IoEITKd
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Hs%;uyI@$
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ]h(}%fk_
w]4=uL6
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats (*.t~6c?5
11.1 Meniscus Components ?2Q9z-$
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon e <Hbm
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens C~16Jj:v
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses t0[H_
11.5 The Split Dagor !xU1[,9
11.6 The Dogmar q/
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11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens "bO\Wt#Mf
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens yPgDb[V+
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version uF xrv
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens j,q8n`@
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet bCM&Fe0GM
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet kC=e>v
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element !"*!du28jo
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar `m6>r9:
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay NVEjUt/
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13 Telephoto Lenses ubC(%Y_k
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 2OXcP!\Y
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses ZI'MfkEZ*
13.3 Telephoto Designs fS08q9,S /
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch -ZTe#@J
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses 4!'1o`8vs
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle XcoV27
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens zTDB]z!A
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 8|>$M
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses 9H@I<`qGC
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses m/,.3v
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens "}_b,5lkGK
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens gWt}q-@nRR
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener nXgnlb=
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses )E--E+j
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems /az}<r8
X?,ly3,
17 Microscope Objectives hE|Z~5\Y,>
17.1 General Considerations ?2hS<qXX
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front axJuJ`+Y
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives fj2pD Cic
17.4 Reflecting Objectives k)Y}X)\36
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs K>=KsG
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 'H"wu
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18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors en"]u,!
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems \8Mn[G9TL
18.3 Catadioptric Systems cL31g_u
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems wul$lJ?tE
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids n#jBqr&!M
18.6 Unobscured Systems 3\x@G)1
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” [E9V#J89
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems W[pOLc-
19.1 Infrared Optics |Ai/q6u
19.2 IR Objective Lenses K gN=b
19.3 IR Telescope 'r&az BO
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders \!!qzrq
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems 8nt3Sm
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses !VaKq_W
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20 Zoom Lenses C,*3a`/2M^
20.1 Zoom Lenses (mO{W
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras <evvNSE
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens #6t 4 vJ1
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 9YpgzCx
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20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ^$8@B]*
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses glMYEGz6p
21.1 Projection TV Lenses U_s3)/'
21.2 Macro Lenses xC3h m
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses @vsgmz
22.1 Monochromatic Systems [NG~FwpRf
22.2 Scanner Lenses CSKOtqKQ)
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 9CBKU4JQ
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23 Tolerance Budgeting D-{;;<nIr`
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 9v\x&h
23.2 Additive Tolerances 2TFb!?/RQ
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget 6Zr_W#SE
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24 Formulary iA~LH6
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions ` ,lm:x+(0
24.2 The Cardinal Points Rz sgPk
24.3 Image Equations ;rgg O0Y
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) :G.u{cw
24.5 Invariants \a#{Y/j3
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) / @v V^!#1
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships lN(|EI
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions lu_kir~
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs :Dt]sE_d
24.10 Stop Shift Equations oI\Lepl*
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces EZ,Tc;f=
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) CP]nk0
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Glossary ]\~s83?X
Reference _4#Mdnh}[
Index