"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith `roos<F1D
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition S3#NGBZ/
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1 Introduction np2oXg%
1.1 Lens Design Books kFKc9}7 W
1.2 Reference Material D![42H+-Qd
1.3 Specifications <xpOi&l
1.4 Lens Design |vW(;j6
1.5 Lens Design Program Features gc(Gc vdB\
1.6 About This Book y/=:F=H@w
j>j Zg<}J
2 Automatic Lens Design .T~<[0Ex+U
2.2 The Merit Function q#LB 2 M
2.3 Local Minima DV +M;rs
2.4 The Landscape Lens x/~qyX8vo
2.5 Types of Merit Function (NfP2E|B
2.6 Stagnation $!Z><&^/
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing \H(r }D$u<
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization EUBJnf:q
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems p7 s#j
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 8VG6~>ux'>
2.11 Spectral Weighting 1 & G0;
2.12 How to Get Started aD)$aK
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3 Improving a Design &L7u//
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques wq yw#)S
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) + *u'vt?
3.3 Splitting Elements _N8Tu~lqV
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet =$ bJ`GpJ
3.5 Compounding an Element A:|dY^,:?*
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses [z XK S |
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem 5)712b(&
3.8 Balancing Aberrations b-*3] gB
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle OJ#e h w <
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 'Br:f _}
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design #'`!*VI
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 2n ]UNC
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 'I$-h<W
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 5x $/.U
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function 9Z?P/
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4.5 Fabrication Considerations 5L ]TV\\
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5 Lens Design Data fZ QL!j4
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs x"g-ok LN
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 1D2Uomd(
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign (PVK|Q55y
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF &[u>^VO8
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots nP]t c
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot )1 CYs4lp
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6 Telescope Objective N$'/J-^
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 2Y~UeJ_\Lq
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective !C qm=q{K
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective S8=Am7D]1
6.4 Spherochromatism \VY!= 9EV
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration $H0diwl9R
6.6 Induced Aberrations 7JC^+ rk
6.7 Three-Element Objectives sb1Zm*m 6
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) Xk2M.:3 `
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ZD$W>'m{F
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design }s*H| z
6.11 A Final Note |X}H&wBWo
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers woSO 4e/
7.1 Eyepieces v?AQ& 'Fk
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs B #o/3
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 3K{XT) ,
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular ] lBe
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces `2Wt A_
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces L#
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ,(1n(FZ
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces U,G!u =+
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ~Onj| w7
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats %:jVx
8.2 Glass Choice
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8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations *HT ) Au"5
8.4 Other Design Considerations #=}d v8
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens d3nx"=Cy0I
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet @M]uUL-ze
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet iTX:*$~I
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses F'v3c aE
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces ^*6So3
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness Yg @&@S]
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9 Split Triplets g Kp5*
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets uq/z.m
10.1 The Classic Tessar ujlIWQU2mo
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac UU7E+4O&
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens o+NPe36
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets P4\{be>e
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar 8LI
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats L9lN AiOH
11.1 Meniscus Components rL kU I G
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon S_Tv Ix/7&
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens 0XkLWl|k
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses TO(2n8'fdO
11.5 The Split Dagor 5hhiP2q
11.6 The Dogmar 2s^9q9NS"
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens Dw%V.J/&o
. J /x @
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens +*I'!)T^B
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version U~;Rzoe)q*
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens a {4Wg:
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet Fwu:x.(
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet u~uR:E%'C
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element ZWtlO P#]
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar r8R]0\
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay >A]U.C
N W Sm
13 Telephoto Lenses [N35.O6P6u
13.1 The Basic Telephoto N mH1*w<A
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses }\iH ~T6
13.3 Telephoto Designs \n&l
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch b I%Sq+"}
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses n+sV $*wvS
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle ZqDanDM
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens "M-zBBY ]
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses zeC@!,lH
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses a/ 4!zT
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ]j 4Nl?5*x
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens Ky r3)1#J
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens k=nN#SMn
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener /k$H"'`j4
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses a>05Yxw
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems = do*(
:jKiHeBQu?
17 Microscope Objectives 7Gos-_s
17.1 General Considerations ;D w6pmZ
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front b}f#[* Z
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives `rwzC wA1
17.4 Reflecting Objectives p{V_}:|=Q
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs |v Gb,&3
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ]-rhc.Gk@1
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors Dc1tND$X3g
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems i[+cNJ|$B0
18.3 Catadioptric Systems vqeWt[W
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18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems q2$-U&
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids V[Z^Z
18.6 Unobscured Systems Tc3~~ X
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” 96VJE,^ h
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems Au=9<WB%H
19.1 Infrared Optics kPuI'EPK
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ycD}7
19.3 IR Telescope ZH1W#dt`[
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders O(_a6s+m
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems K> rZJ[a
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses K1_]ne)
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20 Zoom Lenses Uo~-^w}
20.1 Zoom Lenses dF`\ewRFn
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras e@`"V,i
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens US.7:S-r"
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens xn &$qLB
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure l MQ_S"
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 7GFE5>H
21.1 Projection TV Lenses `Z' h[-2`
21.2 Macro Lenses b3vPGR
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 6Hh\y s
22.1 Monochromatic Systems 9>OPaL n
22.2 Scanner Lenses 'g@Yra&09
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses ~vGX(8N
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23 Tolerance Budgeting fqY; > Z
23.1 The Tolerance Budget J^Mq 4&
23.2 Additive Tolerances ! D \u 2h
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget MB"TwtW
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24 Formulary Il8,g+W]
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions ^ W*T~V*8
24.2 The Cardinal Points =.Hq]l6+
24.3 Image Equations -aV!ZODt
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) >Av[`1a2F
24.5 Invariants
W> H GB
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) Ed>Dhy6\r
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships GdlzpBl
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions Rn4Bl8z'>
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs t x9;8K3
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ?6#F9\
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces KT9!R
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) W74Y.zQ
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l` wF;W!
Glossary "{@Q..hxC
Reference nF#1B4b>
Index
