"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith _&S#;ni\c
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition HSRO gBNI:
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1 Introduction ; xp-MK
1.1 Lens Design Books W~D_+[P|_
1.2 Reference Material YkB@fTTS
1.3 Specifications _\tv ${
1.4 Lens Design w@cW`PlF
1.5 Lens Design Program Features BPt? 3tC
1.6 About This Book bl^Ihza
0<~~0US
2 Automatic Lens Design !R\FCAW[ x
2.2 The Merit Function '&#gs P9
2.3 Local Minima o#f"wQH;p
2.4 The Landscape Lens breF,d$
2.5 Types of Merit Function ] T]{VB
2.6 Stagnation C7NSmZ
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing ]gcOMC
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization &*+ $38XE^
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems GK'p$`oJm
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits ?%Nh4+3N>
2.11 Spectral Weighting D0 p*Sg
2.12 How to Get Started 9A B U^ig
o|z@h][(l(
3 Improving a Design k"& o)*d
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ~Y CH5,
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) U iH7
3.3 Splitting Elements E;C{i
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet %wOkp`1-
3.5 Compounding an Element b1 w@toc
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses
iD_y@+iz
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem )< G(C,!,.
3.8 Balancing Aberrations }5oI` 9VT
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle &U]/SFY
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces JJ? rVq1g
pIcg+~
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design {E Ay~lo
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 9c)#j&2? H
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance Muk J^h*V
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations rn*'[i?
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function pz['o
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 2Wluc37
YWH>tt 9
5 Lens Design Data L7 }nmP>aR
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ={P`Tve
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 0!dNW,NfJ
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign \/3(>g?4
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF <6 Rec^QF
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots xWzybuLp
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot m#RJRuZ|2V
8N'hG,
6 Telescope Objective d%'#-w'
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet lY
tt|J
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective raPOF6-_rH
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective @s-P!uCaT
6.4 Spherochromatism I{(!h 90
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration OU,FU@6,7w
6.6 Induced Aberrations *2a" 2o
6.7 Three-Element Objectives ~-7/9$ay5
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ! s =$UC
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet nA ,=g '7S
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design d|NW&PG
6.11 A Final Note Y%"$v0D
lUEbxN
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers P knOeW"j
7.1 Eyepieces [6mK<A,/
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs w CL n iCt
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces /OztkThx=
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular -@w,tbc$
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces `Uz.9_6
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces *Sj) 9mp
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier 06.%9R{
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces "t4z )j;
m6e(Xk,)
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats / =6_2t#vA
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats _j , Tc*T
8.2 Glass Choice _r3Y$^!U
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations iw,uwh|L
8.4 Other Design Considerations PDD2ouv4
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens }5vKQf
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet }VJ>}i*
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet VX.LL
5
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses EWDsBNZaI
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 49*f=gpGj2
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness YM_ [
cwzkA,e@
9 Split Triplets $EFS_ *<X
g3kbsi7_:
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets \ 2y/:
10.1 The Classic Tessar I(~([F2
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac mU4(MjP?
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens Zz E( S
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets EX{%CPp7}
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ck] I ?
7/<~s]D[%
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats GW>F:<p
11.1 Meniscus Components 75Z|meG~
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon A_@. .hX(
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens t!rrYBSCr
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses |"LHo
H
11.5 The Split Dagor =_k
11.6 The Dogmar -M=BD-_.h
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens n^[a}DX0
9]=J + (M
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens ~>>_ `;B
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version _@ B ?
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens ~fkcal1@
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet X:Z3R0
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet :} =lE"2
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element BT [|f[1
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar ASy?^Jrs5
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay apm% \dN
*Ze0V9$'
13 Telephoto Lenses bQ3<>e\%B
13.1 The Basic Telephoto } b54O\,
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses * .n Sv @F
13.3 Telephoto Designs HQ"T>xb
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch cL#-vW<s3
B;[ .u>f
n! 5(Z5=
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses "|(.W3f1
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle l GYW[0dy
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens }w4OCN\1
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses ?QffSSj[s
7#j.y f4
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses Q D%xmP
~vDa2D<9%
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses _ }p [(sTV
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens BmpAH}%T
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens =!SV;^-q
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener If '2
m_
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses _s@PL59,
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems npzp/mcIe)
1#3|PA#>
17 Microscope Objectives ')q4d0B`"
17.1 General Considerations 'v< v6vs
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front
RP {0+
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives yOz6a :r
17.4 Reflecting Objectives d%k7n+ICQ4
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs h9 DUS,G9,
v zs4tkG
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems yH" i5L9
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors Q SF0?Puf
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems (]cL5o9
18.3 Catadioptric Systems Z #@
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems q
n-f&R
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 3 orZ BT
18.6 Unobscured Systems h%F.h! [*
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” (8m_ GfT
O'(Us!aq
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems TO G4=y-N
19.1 Infrared Optics }kQ{T:q4
19.2 IR Objective Lenses RN 4?]8
19.3 IR Telescope bDl#806P L
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders }I
uqB*g[t
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems `l'T/F \
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses A{;"e^a-^l
.g}N @
20 Zoom Lenses M7?ktK9`ma
20.1 Zoom Lenses s? ;8h &]=
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 3);P !W4>
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens BAXu\a-C_
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens C~4SP CU
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure N{bg-%s10i
rkji#\_-FV
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses ;SI (5rS?
21.1 Projection TV Lenses Nzgi)xX0HX
21.2 Macro Lenses <vWP_yy
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses V~*> /2+
22.1 Monochromatic Systems Tk[]l7R ~
22.2 Scanner Lenses pW.WJ`Rk
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses VK*_p EV,}
})<u ~r
23 Tolerance Budgeting DgcS@ N
23.1 The Tolerance Budget $\*Z
23.2 Additive Tolerances M`K]g&57hL
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget ?7wcv$K5
= YVxQj
24 Formulary n.c0G`
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions s9 "X.-!
24.2 The Cardinal Points }Fu1Y@M%
24.3 Image Equations R.WB.FP
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) }0\SNpVN
24.5 Invariants Kkovp^G
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) |U 1 [R\X
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships [ - 92]
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions -4+'(3qr
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs QAx 9W%
24.10 Stop Shift Equations :k ?`g m$
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces \(
V1-,
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) \ Y"S4<"R
UfPB-EFl$D
)t+pwh!8
Glossary 8D`+3
Reference Wjq 9f;
Index
