"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith Z#flu Q%V
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition r^ +n06[
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1 Introduction 43/!pW
1.1 Lens Design Books DX<xkS[P
1.2 Reference Material vve[.Lud'
1.3 Specifications 1zIrU6H2;_
1.4 Lens Design ke5_lr(
1.5 Lens Design Program Features l/6(V:
1.6 About This Book Z]k+dJ[-
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2 Automatic Lens Design cE3V0voSw1
2.2 The Merit Function 2VgVn,c
2.3 Local Minima G~19Vv*;
2.4 The Landscape Lens y9-}LET3j
2.5 Types of Merit Function ~.<}/GP] _
2.6 Stagnation b)+;@wa~
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing l1D"*J 2`
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization {>zQW{!
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems 3R[,,WAj$
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits Ku;8Mx{
2.11 Spectral Weighting y*5$B.u`.
2.12 How to Get Started ka [%p, H
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3 Improving a Design Kv#TJ n
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques KL+, [M@ F
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) <UBB&}R0
3.3 Splitting Elements %^<A` Q_
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet _|KeB(W
3.5 Compounding an Element x#TWZ;
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses H^0`YQJ3
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem Tsl0$(2W
3.8 Balancing Aberrations "jAEZ
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle D(^ |'1
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces P:tl)ob
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design f*GdHUZ*
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation YLe$Vv735
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance TF;}NQ
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations I, YP{H 4
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function y3)R:h4AH
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 2ZZF hj
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5 Lens Design Data Odj4)
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs S1a}9Z|
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots So\f [/em
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign zFGZ;?i
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF I\oI"\}U
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots pxO ?: B
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot A]CO
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6 Telescope Objective _9Y7. 5
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet o 2sOf
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ^q
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6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective *Zi:^< hv
6.4 Spherochromatism 7s-ZRb[)1
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration a]u1_ $)
6.6 Induced Aberrations % $.]g
6.7 Three-Element Objectives @Zd/>'
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) I Lq"/S.
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet Xv1mjHZCC
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design (>gAnebN
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6.11 A Final Note wa}\bNKQk
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers cWG?`6xU&
7.1 Eyepieces :D !}jN/)
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs @ I$;
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces _&
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7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular <xWBS/K
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces ^6[o$eY3
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 8C!D=Vhh
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier msiftP.
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces WSPlM"h
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats yxU??#v|g
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats "m m|0PUJ
8.2 Glass Choice 'aoHNZfxw
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations zHsWj^m"
8.4 Other Design Considerations 4 9zOhG
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8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens t!"XQ$g'
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet h#iFp9N
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Z>#MTxU(
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses CH/*MA
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces &\ 0V*5tI
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness |:?JSi0
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9 Split Triplets ,`lVB#|
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets rZBOWT
10.1 The Classic Tessar x>yeF,q1
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac ]8i2'x
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens >^Zyls
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets cPgz?,hE
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats -UM5&R+o
11.1 Meniscus Components a ges-Z_X
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon &E>zvRBQ
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens xgeKz^,
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses mfNYN4Um6
11.5 The Split Dagor (y xrK
11.6 The Dogmar j`9+pI
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens Z=vzF0
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens +AT!IZrB2i
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version !y>MchNv
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens (HUGgX"=
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet +I?T |Iin
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet mQOYjy3
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element v<`1z?dch
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar f
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12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay I &e ,R
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13 Telephoto Lenses }Dig'vpMx
13.1 The Basic Telephoto G([!(8&2Y
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses m_7)r
13.3 Telephoto Designs +P~E54
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses Qhd~ 4
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 'S
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14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens o'3t(dyyH
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses [p +h b
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses TT429
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses FshQ OFW
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens Z' 0Gd@/
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens mySm:ToT
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener *q%)q
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses _BcYS
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ; b2)WM:
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17 Microscope Objectives S ? }@2[
17.1 General Considerations 1u\fLAX n
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 1R/=as,R
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives :v k+[PzJ
17.4 Reflecting Objectives `'u|4pRFs
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs "jVMk
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems \^wI9g~0
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors Ah_'.r1<P9
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems > 9f -zv(n
18.3 Catadioptric Systems 'iN8JO>
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems wovWEtVBU
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids a#=GL B_P(
18.6 Unobscured Systems w+ cI0lj
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” V(3udB@K
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems Ed|7E_v
19.1 Infrared Optics /q %TjQ}F
19.2 IR Objective Lenses " [=Ee[/
19.3 IR Telescope cI3uH1;#
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders yZ aQ{]"
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems GYiUne $
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ,\5]n&T;r
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20 Zoom Lenses l }X3uy S
20.1 Zoom Lenses M i\f?
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras VGBL<X
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 5|:=#Ql*
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens $Q|66/ S^
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure -aGv#!aIl
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses -5A@F Gh
21.1 Projection TV Lenses ^HKxaW9W
21.2 Macro Lenses L iJ;A*
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses tkWWR%c"
22.1 Monochromatic Systems Y 3[<
22.2 Scanner Lenses 7,|-%!p[
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses oZ%t! Fl1
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23 Tolerance Budgeting 3}$ L4U
23.1 The Tolerance Budget .+aSa?h_
23.2 Additive Tolerances 1K,bmb xRt
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget ^zqz$G#
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24 Formulary $,icKa
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 4 !~JNO
24.2 The Cardinal Points XLFJ?$)Tro
24.3 Image Equations [kz <2P
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) x&)P)H0vn
24.5 Invariants |U$oS2U\m
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) T:wd3^.CG
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships 9n!3yZVSe
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions VX&KG G.6
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs *8"5mC ;"
24.10 Stop Shift Equations <H)h+?&~d
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces $K \\ 8$Z
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) Qd]-i3^0
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Glossary X >F/0/
Reference Aye!@RjM8
Index
