"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith
vX )Y%I
8*) {*'bf
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition by3kfY]4s
WK5bt2x
1 Introduction g5H qU2
1.1 Lens Design Books I z@x^s
1.2 Reference Material \)
O Ny9
1.3 Specifications K%@SS8!oy
1.4 Lens Design 8+b3u05
1.5 Lens Design Program Features zL {@LHP
1.6 About This Book `Wt~6D
e
f
}e7g d]M
2 Automatic Lens Design WkmS
2.2 The Merit Function nUu|}11 (
2.3 Local Minima ^^(ZK 6 d
2.4 The Landscape Lens t`D@bzLC%
2.5 Types of Merit Function gVWLY;c 3}
2.6 Stagnation ' vClZGQ1
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing (G;*B<|A
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization spDRQ_qq
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems RH 0a\RC!G
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits a"N_zGf2$
2.11 Spectral Weighting Sg y~Z^
2.12 How to Get Started '0?E|B]Cp%
Q)dns)_x
3 Improving a Design CK#PxT?"
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques j> M%?Tw
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 0w&1wee(
3.3 Splitting Elements sbIhg/:ok
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 8=Ht +Br
3.5 Compounding an Element >FhBl\oIi
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses 7K4%`O
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem <6 $%Y2
3.8 Balancing Aberrations { 1c eF
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle &(7Io?
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces GDntGTE~sk
Q)8t;Kx
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design ( \
%y )
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation nwVtfsb
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance MeS$+9jV(
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations \`x'g)z(i
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function `Nr7N#g+u
4.5 Fabrication Considerations zW.s XV,
hR{Zh>
5 Lens Design Data &*-2k-16
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs )2hoO_ l:
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots k$/ ].P*!
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 4'*K\Ul).H
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 0^^i=iE-u
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots HDxw2nz*R
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot !ZdUW]
$r_ gFv
6 Telescope Objective HB:i0m2fJW
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet *4E,| IJ
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective f{oWd]eAhb
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective qa6up|xUnn
6.4 Spherochromatism >i<-rO>kN
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration > kT~X ,o
6.6 Induced Aberrations ya=51~ by"
6.7 Three-Element Objectives yFqC-t-i
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) x.Y,]wis
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ! 8].Z"5J
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design I&c#U+-A '
6.11 A Final Note l|{<!7a
cCs:z
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers B*7o\~5
7.1 Eyepieces !NtY 4O/
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 1F/&Y}X
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces ,5 ,4 Qf 7
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular )2S\ :&x
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces "AVc^ >
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces <}%*4mv
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier D?R z|
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces C/=ZNl9"fn
25r=Xv
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats EQ -\tWY
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 4j5 " {
8.2 Glass Choice w.\:I[
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ej `$-hBBV
8.4 Other Design Considerations -u{:39y{n
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens ikC;N 5Sw
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet !RI&FcK
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet $}@l l^
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses S6
*dp6 8
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Rx.0P 6s
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness E;N8{Ye_
$6N. yk J
9 Split Triplets [sBD|P; M
\=JKeL|6[S
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets 3 0Z;}<)9
10.1 The Classic Tessar AF
!_! qc;
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac ]3G2mY;`"%
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens B4C`3@a
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 42M3c& @P
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ;_!;D#:
'Tn$lh
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats Jx]`!dP3
11.1 Meniscus Components lz>hP
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon ?QgWW
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens ?`xId;}J#7
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses WW.=>]7;
11.5 The Split Dagor he,T\ };
11.6 The Dogmar 4{TUoI6ii
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens IaB
A 2
B^
h!F8DC
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens W$W7U|Z9y+
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version VCI G+Gz
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens [M . Vu
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet N^ )OlH
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet <q|19fH-5
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element iiu\_ a=0b
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar Q[ "}U 7j
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay hikun 2
;] gph)2cd
13 Telephoto Lenses XX =A1#H
13.1 The Basic Telephoto I?=Q
*og
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses F n\)*; ^
13.3 Telephoto Designs u}$?r\H'(
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch W;1H yk
^J327
BkcOsJIz
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses U;_ ;_
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle B}vI<?c
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens ?@ O[$9y
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses +XsY*$O
^;'3(m=
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses MDRSI g
qhogcAvE
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses B!:(*lF
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens u{si
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens \ZA%"F){
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener [bAv|;
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses b[$>HB _Na
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems MSA*XDnN
Tsa&R:SE
17 Microscope Objectives %P?W^mI
17.1 General Considerations %FwLFo^v
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front -" DI,o
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives VB Ce=<
17.4 Reflecting Objectives J &c}z4
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs r8m E
E s?~Dd
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems PS>k67sI
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors !=ZbBUJF
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems aFLm,
18.3 Catadioptric Systems ~q<U E\H
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems 2rA`y8g(L
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids c1c0b|B!U
18.6 Unobscured Systems `jP6;i
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” P", 53R+"
rXA7<_V g
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems ]R0^
}sI
19.1 Infrared Optics R!:1{1
19.2 IR Objective Lenses gbF.Q7?$u
19.3 IR Telescope )=~1m85+5B
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders |g @1qXO3
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems F$)Ki(m q
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses Tmq:,.^ }
K{ N#^L!
20 Zoom Lenses Y1+f(Q
20.1 Zoom Lenses ~dC^|
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras @n<WM@|l
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 4%B${zP(.}
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens Ix"uk 6 h
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure U:ZklDW
Nhs]U`s(g
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses R:11w#m7w
21.1 Projection TV Lenses D>05F,a
21.2 Macro Lenses UeE&rA]
JI (8{ f
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses
>hHn{3y
22.1 Monochromatic Systems -8g ;t3z
22.2 Scanner Lenses ]U]{5AA6
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses &FGz53fd4
7)~/`w)P
23 Tolerance Budgeting lv,<[Hw1
23.1 The Tolerance Budget >pr{)b p G
23.2 Additive Tolerances W*gu*H^s~
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget |Z z3X
QO0T<V
24 Formulary + b
1lCa_
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions Rom|Bq o;
24.2 The Cardinal Points -]HO8}-Rjs
24.3 Image Equations C) Mh
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) 6M F%$ K3
24.5 Invariants eo"6 \3z
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 5WY..60K,
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships aHS.U^2
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions [K,&s8N5
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs Ry tQNwv3
24.10 Stop Shift Equations R/U"]Rc
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces e%#9|/uP
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) _<&IpT{w+
(V}D PA
Qr$ uFh/y
Glossary -_v[oqf$
Reference &H<-joZ)Z\
Index
