"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith +DU}f;O8v
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition z7GLpTa
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1 Introduction 2AdV=n6Z
1.1 Lens Design Books
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1.2 Reference Material 1_F2{n:yp
1.3 Specifications yDHH05Yl
1.4 Lens Design n0cqM}P@;!
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 'Yj/M
1.6 About This Book x=9drKIw>
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2 Automatic Lens Design D VC};
2.2 The Merit Function d^,u"Z9P
2.3 Local Minima T[c;},
2.4 The Landscape Lens 7q(RQQp
2.5 Types of Merit Function [t>}M6?R:
2.6 Stagnation %SIbpk%
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing jy6%
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2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization 6)Kg!.n%f
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems >8QLo8)3C
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits /5SBLp}Sy
2.11 Spectral Weighting g#:?Ay-m
2.12 How to Get Started 0b4QcfB1[
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3 Improving a Design 3>-^/
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques qL]!/}
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) /SjA;c!.
3.3 Splitting Elements }+,;wj~
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet qA5tMZ^w
3.5 Compounding an Element eAPGy-
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses '(~+
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3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem JZ9w!)U
3.8 Balancing Aberrations s_u@8e 6_
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle $(G.P!/
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces :6%wVy5
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design *ewE{$UpK
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation C#+Gkzq
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance L`tr7EEr
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations ([^1gG+>J
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function 6gNsh
4.5 Fabrication Considerations j$,:cN
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5 Lens Design Data +q6/'ErN]m
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs 0M>+.}e+
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots =:uK$>[
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign Jzo|$W
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF X6kCYTJYF
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots VMZ\9IwI
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot ( hp 52Vse
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6 Telescope Objective &Y4S[-
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet z;J"3kM
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective tDJts OL
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 6* (6>F5
6.4 Spherochromatism iP)`yB5 `
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration *?:V)!.2z
6.6 Induced Aberrations -c{O!z6sX
6.7 Three-Element Objectives \C#XKk$OE
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ;p)RMRMg
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet jb|al[p\
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design N2#Wyt8MC
6.11 A Final Note oSq?.*w<
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers
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7.1 Eyepieces MAb*4e#
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs H|JPqBNRh
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces ]?rVram;z
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular IOhJL'r
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces F>RL&i
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces '"qTmo!
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ]Dec/Nnj
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces ?71?Vd
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 3Xcjr2]~
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 3dheT}XV?p
8.2 Glass Choice h}0}g]IUx
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations C.4r`F$p
8.4 Other Design Considerations <;kcy :s
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens MkLXMwuQ&
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet [J{\Ke0<e1
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Fj;];1nt
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses !>RDHu2n
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Is&0h|
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness QiKci%=SX
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9 Split Triplets Ec'Hlsgh&T
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets h@AKfE!\~
10.1 The Classic Tessar v'RpsCov
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac #K#BNpG|
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens 4|U$ON?x
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets H1Jk_@b
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ?qC6p|H
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats RG&t0%yj}
11.1 Meniscus Components pKZRgA#kN
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 9[2qgw\D
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens T3wQ Rn
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses f4 k
11.5 The Split Dagor wE3L,yx=
11.6 The Dogmar _+7+90u
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens j)nL!":O
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens %cO^:
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version h*>%ou
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens \1Xr4H
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12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ~%chF/H
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet yE&WGpT
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element %8O1sF
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 3#A4A0
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay Iip%er%b
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13 Telephoto Lenses cslZ;
13.1 The Basic Telephoto fV#,<JG
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses ObPXVqG"?
13.3 Telephoto Designs ='vD4}"j
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch *"nN To
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses x{O) n
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle FMOO
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens 4aP 96
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses \wV^uS
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses T>hrKn.!D:
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses de/oK c
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens 5jq @ nq6
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens A`~R\j
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener 2$OV`qy@?
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses J`]9n>G
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 4Ei8G]O
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17 Microscope Objectives u`CHM:<<?
17.1 General Considerations a<0q%Ax
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front /3#h]5Y"T
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives .mHVJ5^:4\
17.4 Reflecting Objectives aUF{57,<
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs O _C<h
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ^g|j4N
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors fig~z=m
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems /Y=_EOS
18.3 Catadioptric Systems GorEHlvVh
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems 6B|OKwL
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids o~<jayqU
18.6 Unobscured Systems IL`LIJ:O
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” znB+RiV8
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems {)iiu
19.1 Infrared Optics OMW]9E
19.2 IR Objective Lenses
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19.3 IR Telescope 1s~rWnhVv
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders %+nM4)h
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems ;m7~!m)
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses 2 OV$M~
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20 Zoom Lenses k`#E#1niN
20.1 Zoom Lenses ]- 6q`'?[
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras yEMM@5W)8
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens F Uz1P
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens >z~_s6#CP
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure \K9.]PfbI
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses ub!lHl
21.1 Projection TV Lenses Nd]RbX
21.2 Macro Lenses (t){o>l
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses +PnuWK$
22.1 Monochromatic Systems rizjH+
22.2 Scanner Lenses yZ!~m3Q
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses (-Q~@Q1
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23 Tolerance Budgeting xbxzB<yL
23.1 The Tolerance Budget ]&; In,z
23.2 Additive Tolerances 8bQXC+bK
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget B uso
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24 Formulary DE7y\oO]
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions $tF\7.e@
24.2 The Cardinal Points }z#M!~
24.3 Image Equations !Pz#czo
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) U.V/JbXX
24.5 Invariants c#CV5J\Kk3
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) C~ A`h=A<
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships N
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24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions daP_Kz/2K
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs BQ<\[H;
24.10 Stop Shift Equations Pr>05lg
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces |QF_E4ISD
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) q6*i/"mN*
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6&5D4
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Glossary j^;P=L0=
Reference ~ES%=if~Y
Index