"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith nfHjIYid
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition 8b]4uI<
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1 Introduction 6}I X{nQI
1.1 Lens Design Books KqJln)7
1.2 Reference Material iTAj${ >
1.3 Specifications E!1\9wzM{
1.4 Lens Design e_Hpai<b
1.5 Lens Design Program Features I@Hx
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1.6 About This Book 6#*_d,xQT
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2 Automatic Lens Design 0*5Jq#5
2.2 The Merit Function ]R)wBug
2.3 Local Minima lAi5sN)|$
2.4 The Landscape Lens 81y<Uz 6
2.5 Types of Merit Function :stHc,
2.6 Stagnation OXQA(%MK
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing ^_@[1'^
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization }YdC[b$j^
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems i4i9EvWp
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits &Hp*A^M
2.11 Spectral Weighting 4y3c=L
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2.12 How to Get Started ^uUA41o`eJ
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3 Improving a Design DL4`j>2Ov
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques WM|G/'q
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) Gn^lF7yE
3.3 Splitting Elements .lb]Xa*n
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet kEC^_sO"
3.5 Compounding an Element pp(09y`]
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses p1d%&e
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem Cscu
3.8 Balancing Aberrations >qNpY(Ql
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle lmHQ"z 3G
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces ~HGSA(
hzM;{g>t
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 7O*Sg2B
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 'J} ?'{.
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance +ho=0>
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations ck0%H#BYY
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function D`^wj FF
4.5 Fabrication Considerations QnS^ G{
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5 Lens Design Data | 8mWR=9fs
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs 9FSa=<0wE
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots -JEPh!oTt
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign \K\eq>@6
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF :n13v@q
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots kZ@UQ{>`
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot D6@ c|O{Q
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6 Telescope Objective [6RODp3')
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet *GXPN0^Qjo
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective _ s}aF
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective l#v52
6.4 Spherochromatism >e/>@ J*
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration uVD^X*
6.6 Induced Aberrations bi}aVtG~z
6.7 Three-Element Objectives /
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6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) Sw E7U~
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ,^e2ma|z
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design W"@'}y
6.11 A Final Note h@O\j&#
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers x#SE%j?
7.1 Eyepieces g$e|y#Ic$
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs e)?}2
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces \='LR!_
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular
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7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces Dom]w.W5
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces pJe!~eyHm
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier C;:=r:bth
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces e?;c9]XO,o
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats \36 G``e
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats O&/nBHu\
8.2 Glass Choice 7{M&9| aK
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations "__)RHH:8
8.4 Other Design Considerations vde!k_,wZ
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens $}b)EMMM
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet UmpHae
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet %`s#p` Ol1
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses -!7Z
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Zl9
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness |) ~-Wy
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9 Split Triplets 7t<h 'g2
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets +UOVD:G
10.1 The Classic Tessar :D3:`P>,c
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac c oZK
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens q90RTX'CY
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets XgVhb<l_
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar whw+
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats b/oNQQM#Dk
11.1 Meniscus Components NL|c5y<r
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon Pw]+6
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens -J6`
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses a3M I+
11.5 The Split Dagor .?APDr"QQH
11.6 The Dogmar aJ=)5%$6kc
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens H1?C:R
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens
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12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version _VgFuU$h
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens =pmG.>Si
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet !.# g
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet JT<JS6vw#
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element ~eP~c"L
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar dEMv9"`*!
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay ;s$4/b/~
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13 Telephoto Lenses w#a`k9y
13.1 The Basic Telephoto T; [T`
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses /oEDA^qx
13.3 Telephoto Designs $; _{|{Yj
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch ZR=i*y
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses DU,B
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle R=Ig !s9
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens ,@p4HN*
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses E*T6kp^b
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses +Q5'!@8
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ZB$yEW]]~
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens $SA
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16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens LdiNXyyzet
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener T,/<'cl"
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses YsCY~e &
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems &'PLOyWw
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17 Microscope Objectives P^Og(F8;
17.1 General Considerations s H'FqV,)
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front &09~ D8f'
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives )iIsnM
17.4 Reflecting Objectives o:5mgf7
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs hqHk,#
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 7|Wst)_~j
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors %>zG;4
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems d8
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18.3 Catadioptric Systems w0yzC0yBk
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems 753gcY#i
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids lxD~l#)^ln
18.6 Unobscured Systems M`=\ijUwN
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” $b^ niL
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems Pu!C,7vUQ
19.1 Infrared Optics K",Xe>
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ESIeZhXVH
19.3 IR Telescope {=!BzNMj
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 8&+u+@H
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems 3h o'\Ysu/
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ZX+0{E8a
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20 Zoom Lenses 9w0v?%%_
20.1 Zoom Lenses D}ZPgt#
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 5Em.sz;:8
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens y{P~!Yn|
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens U
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20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure :c}PW"0v
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses ) P+<=8@a
21.1 Projection TV Lenses Bbb":c6w0
21.2 Macro Lenses E.*wNah"U
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses *r~6R
22.1 Monochromatic Systems F5UHkv"K&O
22.2 Scanner Lenses ^MhMYA
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses vON7~KA
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23 Tolerance Budgeting D iHj!tZN
23.1 The Tolerance Budget Csgby(D*O
23.2 Additive Tolerances 7D8 pb0`;J
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget %f&Bt,xEo
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24 Formulary |`I9K#w3
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions jW| ,5,43
24.2 The Cardinal Points 0!axAvBV
24.3 Image Equations 2of+KI:
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) 9(a*0H
24.5 Invariants F
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24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) @'J~(#}
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships }g 2l
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24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions ^@'zQa
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs _|{pO7x]oG
24.10 Stop Shift Equations v,3}YDu
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces IMy!8$\u
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) $qoal
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!83 N#Y_Mz
Glossary Us>n`Lj@
Reference q}"HxMJ
Index