"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith 3\ed4D
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition 1uMdgrJRR
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1 Introduction uI/
A_
1.1 Lens Design Books o~p^`5#
1.2 Reference Material i9tM]/SP
1.3 Specifications ^`THV
1.4 Lens Design *1Q?~
1.5 Lens Design Program Features Vo()J4L
1.6 About This Book g=8e.Y*Fr
KivzgNz
2 Automatic Lens Design C/G[B?:h
2.2 The Merit Function 'z/hj>B<
2.3 Local Minima zT8K})#
2.4 The Landscape Lens H#K|SSqY?
2.5 Types of Merit Function |.5d ^z
2.6 Stagnation `^ok5w"oi
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing L\I/2aiE
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization mMH0 o
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems yFjSvm6
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits fmh]Y/UC
2.11 Spectral Weighting 62) F
2.12 How to Get Started vr$[
1|--Xnv
3 Improving a Design gC.T5,tn
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques zuw6YY8kQ
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) {1[8,Ho
3.3 Splitting Elements ifUgj8i_
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet .E(Ucnz/
3.5 Compounding an Element "PPwJ/L(
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses `fXcW)
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ,
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3.8 Balancing Aberrations nM#\4Q[}Jh
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle utv.uwfat
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces hdzaU&w
G8VWx&RE
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design L-yC 'C
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation *P>F#
~X
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance <>cajQ@
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations }/|1"D
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function <#sK~G
4.5 Fabrication Considerations %y'#@%kO:S
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5 Lens Design Data LvS`
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ynhH5P|6,
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots X(~NpL R
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 8l6R.l
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 3$_wAt4w
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots 6;Bqu5_Cj
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot mSs%g L]g
gwyz)CUkL
6 Telescope Objective 9#+X?|p+0
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet eG.?s;J0
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective W>.qGK|l
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective I?gbu@o
6.4 Spherochromatism ] '..G-
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration bLg1Dd7Q
6.6 Induced Aberrations x(A.^Yz
6.7 Three-Element Objectives R"jX9~3Ln
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) d4/ZOj+%
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 0oD?4gn
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design se&:Y&vrc~
6.11 A Final Note o4xZaF4+
i -+B{H
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers 72aj4k]^
7.1 Eyepieces xGjEEBL
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs rc"yEI-``"
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 5bk5EE`
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular :%R3(
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7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces @AJt/wPk
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces >354O6
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier K:mb$YJ&
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces {=TD^>?
<3'r&ks
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 8@ b83
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats /IODRso/!
8.2 Glass Choice P:=3;d{v
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations I%|W
O*x
8.4 Other Design Considerations }2}hH0R
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens h/d&P
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet J*.qiUAgW
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet D+tn<\LF
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses ,`K'qms
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces {$b]K-B
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness vI4St;
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9 Split Triplets w _n)*he)z
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets +PjH2
10.1 The Classic Tessar mjfU[2
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 99vm7"5 hQ
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens bUt?VR}P(
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets tT'+3
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar !$P&`n]@
+h"RXwlBM
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats F]xo *
11.1 Meniscus Components V#zDYrp
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon ygh*oVHO
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens D{~I
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses WI' ;e4
11.5 The Split Dagor {2A/ @$?
11.6 The Dogmar 7i`8 c =.
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens
d x?4)lb
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens !>+YEZ"
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version ?J|~G{yH
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens =JY9K0S~
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet l:%4@t`
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet GHfsq|*j,Z
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element Qn_*(CSp
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar d
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12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay "*a^_tsT?i
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13 Telephoto Lenses SnRk` 5t
13.1 The Basic Telephoto VU 9w2/cM
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses s%GhjWZS
13.3 Telephoto Designs CNQ>J`4
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch s${ew.eW
X2v|O3>/N
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses Hn+w1v&3
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle *%bQ p
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens /Ii a >XY
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses *H8(G%a!^
lku}I4
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses eKsc ["
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses {
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16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens 0j@gC0xu)|
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens v@(Y:\>
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener Ey4%N`H-^
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses v47Y7s:uQ
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems =J:6p-\*
b S[;d5
17 Microscope Objectives W{B)c?G]
17.1 General Considerations S2T~7-
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front * EY^t=
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives )2~Iqzc4
17.4 Reflecting Objectives }}y~\TB~}
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs KF(N=?KO
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems c0h:Vqk-
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors [<CIh46S.
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems s~V%eq("}
18.3 Catadioptric Systems j+YA/54`
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems JL.noV3q$
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids I:?1(.kd2-
18.6 Unobscured Systems qRC-+k:
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” g:V8"'
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems qD0sD2 x
19.1 Infrared Optics
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19.2 IR Objective Lenses rXgU*3RG
19.3 IR Telescope 99)m d
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders XqX6UEVR4
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems U(*k:Fw
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses F-0 |&0
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20 Zoom Lenses Qv4g#jX{
20.1 Zoom Lenses [ed6n@/O@
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 7S'3U}Y>VX
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens Ky(=O1Ufu
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens OcWy#,uC
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure a8$gXX-2
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses OZ2YflT
21.1 Projection TV Lenses :56f
21.2 Macro Lenses />FgDIO
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses j6@5"wx
22.1 Monochromatic Systems afE`GG-
22.2 Scanner Lenses [R-&5 G!x
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses vQK*:IRKK
U5_1-wV
23 Tolerance Budgeting rsSE*(T
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23.1 The Tolerance Budget -`knSR
23.2 Additive Tolerances xweV8k/
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget [3&Y* W
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24 Formulary YhpNeP{A
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions ;G
27S<Q
24.2 The Cardinal Points %UV'HcO/gp
24.3 Image Equations #I]5)XT
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) <S/`-/=2
24.5 Invariants I" AgRa
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) ^dc~hD
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships "j(?fVx
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 60*;a*cy
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs &tKr
?l
24.10 Stop Shift Equations pz L !42
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces F?>rWP
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) CY{`IZ
#a :W
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Glossary ~i3/Ec0\
Reference MGoYL\
Index