"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith JJ?{V:
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition IGlR,tw_/
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1 Introduction -%nD'qy,.
1.1 Lens Design Books U{U"%XdO
1.2 Reference Material f6Qr0Op
1.3 Specifications !`DRJ)h
1.4 Lens Design ys[Li.s:
1.5 Lens Design Program Features -d ntV=
1.6 About This Book 9d(\/
7
9!FX *} dC
2 Automatic Lens Design >Vuvbo
2.2 The Merit Function m,l/ =M
2.3 Local Minima S,Y|;p<+^
2.4 The Landscape Lens jc^QWK*q
2.5 Types of Merit Function 1b,a3w(:1
2.6 Stagnation 3DU1c?M:
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing 7_0 p& 3
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization VF]AH}H8I
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems }X(&QZ7i`
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits Z;BS@e
2.11 Spectral Weighting +7Ws`qh Ee
2.12 How to Get Started )^2eC<t
t FN >]`Z
3 Improving a Design n3^(y" q
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques Z8$}Rpo
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) Q&9 yrx .
3.3 Splitting Elements $a(-r-_Fi]
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet BZR{}Aj4pa
3.5 Compounding an Element .~z'm$s1o
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses E$8JrL
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem l_B7 35
3.8 Balancing Aberrations fi+}hGj(r
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle h2l;xt
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces C2
N+X (
h I[}
-
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design q=1 N&#R G
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation sNf& "C!;
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance m]p{]6h
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations B#sCB&(
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function mScv7S~/s
4.5 Fabrication Considerations GES}o9?#
T j$'B[cv
5 Lens Design Data d {z[46>
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs MKK ^-T
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots #Z&/w.D2
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign '&>"`q
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF ?h<4trYcv
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots kZ]H[\Fs
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot %m I0*YRma
'Zx5+rM${}
6 Telescope Objective [4)Oi-_Y>
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet t,/ G
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective "*g+qll!5d
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective i'~-\ F!
6.4 Spherochromatism K)Y& I
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration N? G TfN
6.6 Induced Aberrations ! _I1=yi
6.7 Three-Element Objectives d;i|s[6ds`
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 0K!3Ny9(
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet hlVye&;b8
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design *$p*'vR
6.11 A Final Note t)SZ2G1r
PyeNu3Il4
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers dFg>uo
7.1 Eyepieces 0G%9
@ ^B
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs C@M-_Ud>Q
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces V&Y`?Edc
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular 8|&, JdT
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces o3WOp80hz
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces bM W|:rn
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier RTtKf i}
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces a ~o <>H
K#"=*p,
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats V Ro&1:
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats {v={q1
8.2 Glass Choice ULx :2jz
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations 'n mGHorp
8.4 Other Design Considerations 0uy'Py@2<
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens !$I~3_c
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet ];bRRBEU
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet _~FfG!H ^X
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses DP_b9o
\5
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces r6<;bO(
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness Bk8}K=%w
nz 10/nw
9 Split Triplets zLJ>)v$81
bpu`'Vx
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets d3%qYL_+a
10.1 The Classic Tessar %-hSa~20
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac {X, %GI
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens 8 t+eu O
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets .:_'l)-
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar pyEQb #
EEe$A?a;
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats %0\@\fC41
11.1 Meniscus Components Bc>j5^)8w
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon Y;w|Fv jj+
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens kUBE+a6#
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses l5z//E}W
11.5 The Split Dagor dJuy Jl$*
11.6 The Dogmar +%5 L2/n7
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens =<\22d5L
QE 4
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 0nc(2Bi
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version v Ni;)"&*
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens q@.>eB'92P
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet >Eh U{@Y
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet j26i+ Z
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element rrIyZ@_d9
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar Q0A4}
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay Y7G sL7I
txEN7!
13 Telephoto Lenses < ZT
C^=3
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 082}=Tsx
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses \ g0vzo"u
13.3 Telephoto Designs h!tpi`8\z
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch P" c@V, .
kBP?_ O
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses MqJTRB s%
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle &5
7c !)
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens V|Bwle
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses l|q-kRRjn
x,n l PU
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses Mi]^wCF
F .S^KK
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses r8"2 C#
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens bvD}N<>3N
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens ` wa;@p+j8
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener t?hfP2&6
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses coC T]<
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems _ 2KIe(,;
RvG=GJJ9
17 Microscope Objectives [aSuEu?mC
17.1 General Considerations 9]Jv
>_W*
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front ?}`- ?JB1
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives ^%!{qAp}Z
17.4 Reflecting Objectives R*GBxJaw
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs i]n2\v AG
re*Zs}(N\
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems <zCWLj3
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors GR|\OJ<2
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems B/X$ZQ0
18.3 Catadioptric Systems $SQ$2\iC
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems R;HE{q[ f
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids *iB&tW v
18.6 Unobscured Systems ,^bgk
-x-
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” 5mam WPw
2]kGD eSr
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems $WIE`P%
19.1 Infrared Optics H+*3e&
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ZH~ bY2^;
19.3 IR Telescope +c fcr*
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders "{8j!+]4i
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems {.Qv1oOa
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses "U^m~N9k{
rp\`uj*D
20 Zoom Lenses ]R Ah['u|
20.1 Zoom Lenses `M~R4l r
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras A~xw:[zy$a
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens kq X=3Zo
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens *=i&n>
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure N3$1f $`
4T3Z9KD!8
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses Z*M{
21.1 Projection TV Lenses {m!5IR
21.2 Macro Lenses uZ8-?
(F^R9G|
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses .xqi7vVHZ
22.1 Monochromatic Systems j7)mC4o:%
22.2 Scanner Lenses SY|K9$M^
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses JPF6zzl)
j^=Eu r/
23 Tolerance Budgeting Ck#e54gJX
23.1 The Tolerance Budget /=YNkw5
23.2 Additive Tolerances zG$5 g^J
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget
!p$p 7
w71 YA#cg
24 Formulary c2 NB@T9'v
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions gy@=)R/~
24.2 The Cardinal Points CNb(\]
24.3 Image Equations ^mn!;nu
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) W`PJ flr|
24.5 Invariants i.'"`pn_
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 4Q0ZY(2 EO
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships ^R:&c;& ,
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions Nl[&rZ-&
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs Lfn$Q3}O`$
24.10 Stop Shift Equations c #TY3Z |
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces uGz)Vz&3
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) )Zr\W3yWX
I#xdksY
!`%j#bv
Glossary XfE0P(sE
Reference /69yR
Index
