"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith ~W *j^+T"
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition ;6 qd OD6
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1 Introduction 2[&-y[1
1.1 Lens Design Books zu*G4?]~h
1.2 Reference Material ApJf4D<V
1.3 Specifications Qp{-!*
1.4 Lens Design f<sPh>n
1.5 Lens Design Program Features XhD fI
&
1.6 About This Book y'O{8 Q8T
M Hyl=5
2 Automatic Lens Design RowiSW
2.2 The Merit Function JR<-'
2.3 Local Minima Bpo68%dx89
2.4 The Landscape Lens TIh zMW\/K
2.5 Types of Merit Function 9w<Bm"G
2.6 Stagnation h5J wB<8
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing wVJFA1
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization e L?si!ZL^
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems q q_, "~
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 5_C #_=E
2.11 Spectral Weighting sfPN\^k2
2.12 How to Get Started / lM~K:
Ib8{+j
3 Improving a Design "jc)N46
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques s K/"
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) D=s c41]
3.3 Splitting Elements Jo$Dx a
z
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet []3}(8yxGb
3.5 Compounding an Element r PpAg
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses +mOtYf W
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem <sl q1
3.8 Balancing Aberrations JsEEAM:w
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle \\Tp40m+
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces eniR}
TC{Qu;`H+U
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design *+Q*&-$
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation '0$[Ujc
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance Byj~\QMD|
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations kD7(}N8YR
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function iQ"F`C
4.5 Fabrication Considerations f: &OOD o
} /0dfes
5 Lens Design Data j$oZIV7
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs (b}7Yb]#c
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots mM{v>Em2K#
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ucP MT0k
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF $QBUnLOek&
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots `2+e\%f/0
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot & ) jZ |Q~
AV3 ,4u
6 Telescope Objective Z`c{LYP,y"
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 6|cl` }g_j
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective x.Ml~W[
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective }3y\cv0ct
6.4 Spherochromatism :]Qx T8B
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration NWK_(=n
6.6 Induced Aberrations :? k=Yr
6.7 Three-Element Objectives #'h CohL
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) r!,V_a4n
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 3*2pacHpE
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design U /o}{, $A
6.11 A Final Note s2=X>,kz?
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers z5vI0 N$
7.1 Eyepieces _ u2
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs $Xc<K_Z
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces -V/i%_+Ze
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular toJ&$HrE
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces KZfRiCZ
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 5K~6 `
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier :K:g yVrC
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces }h6z&:qA[?
dwMwd@*j
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats \hN2w]e
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats j pv,0(
8.2 Glass Choice rNyK*Wjt
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations V7_??L%Ct`
8.4 Other Design Considerations i%8 sy
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens ]bweQw@i
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet c %.& F
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet o H"N>@ Vl
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses {2@96o2}
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces \9QOrjiw
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness *$D-6}Oay
' v
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9 Split Triplets ]#n4A|& H
5-^twX C&
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets ayp}TYh*
10.1 The Classic Tessar \]%U?`A
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac C ,hsr
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens 4/>={4Y9
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Kjw\SQ)2~
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar 1PSb72h<
qr6jn14.c
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats #mYxO
11.1 Meniscus Components p#2th`M:P1
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon ||aU>Wj4
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens 063;D +
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses I r~X#$Upc
11.5 The Split Dagor KL4/"$l]
11.6 The Dogmar 1[^d8!U
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens GNOC5 E$I
`l"~"x^Rr
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens *cI Xae^Y7
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version e_TDO
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens 9G~P)Z!0
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet EA.U>5Fq
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet SZvsJ)
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element i;Y^}2
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 4>* ` 26
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay 5Y^ YKV{
?f..N, s
13 Telephoto Lenses f6 nltZ
13.1 The Basic Telephoto ^ZG 1
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses HrGX-6`
13.3 Telephoto Designs LKcrr;
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch 9OUhV [D
g\'sGt3 O
F1>,^qyG6
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses gp =0;#4
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14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle ~55>uw<
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens &&O=v]6,V
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses O5
SX"A
soF ^G21N
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses k1J}9HNYR
2uIAnbW]M
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 4<|u~n*JF
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens 7|rT*-Ia
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens :Kiu*&{
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener =%LS9e^7D
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ?3#X5 WT
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems h%%'{ ^>~
k"J?-1L
17 Microscope Objectives AI2CfH#:C
17.1 General Considerations 71_N9ub@z
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 0W> ",2|z
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives RS~oSoAE
17.4 Reflecting Objectives =#fqFL,
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs P}gh-5x
vs~*=d27Pf
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems lxZXz JkqZ
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors h.nz kp5
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems ?W()Do1tR
18.3 Catadioptric Systems v;S JgZK
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems a'BBp6
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids +J i dP
18.6 Unobscured Systems bGZy0.
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” # V +e
D$ \ EZ
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems `|R{^Sk1o
19.1 Infrared Optics k.%F! sK
19.2 IR Objective Lenses o%:e Yl
19.3 IR Telescope x)*[>d2yd
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders v!2`hq O
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems Oaui@q
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses mYCGGwD
~0L>l J
20 Zoom Lenses #]r w@c
20.1 Zoom Lenses VuGSP]$ q
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras @ o] F~x
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens l<5!R;?$
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens XZhhr1-<a
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure BtspnVB ez
xfb%bkr
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses lG2){){j
21.1 Projection TV Lenses Ks4TBi&J
21.2 Macro Lenses [30e>bSf`
p~t $ll0s
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses @ B+];lr/-
22.1 Monochromatic Systems -
0zo>[c/p
22.2 Scanner Lenses .fgoEB,(
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses Js'|N%pi
:H~r
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23 Tolerance Budgeting 6 `'^$wKs
23.1 The Tolerance Budget bkb}M)C
23.2 Additive Tolerances rS=6d6@
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget OnG?@sW+4!
;kY=}=9
24 Formulary = &vV$UtV
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions [* Lh4K
24.2 The Cardinal Points q Fay]V(O|
24.3 Image Equations %luj me
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) x[]n\\a?
24.5 Invariants #p^D([k
\
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) Q?~l =}2
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships dG1qrh9_-
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions p0V w@R=
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs FK-> |
24.10 Stop Shift Equations MD%86m{Sg=
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces JWLQ9U X
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) .69{GM?
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{L# Pd j{
Glossary 'E9\V\bi
Reference ]1X];x&e
Index
