"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith J,dG4.ht
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition ')C_An>X6
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1 Introduction &%_y6}xIw
1.1 Lens Design Books Q1N,^71
1.2 Reference Material 4aIlzaA
1.3 Specifications :Olj
1.4 Lens Design ~Mg8C9B?%3
1.5 Lens Design Program Features Og&0Z)%
1.6 About This Book n:}MULy;
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2 Automatic Lens Design 1s^$oi}
2.2 The Merit Function ^)eessZ
2.3 Local Minima Gaw,1Ow!`2
2.4 The Landscape Lens -r6(=A
2.5 Types of Merit Function 2vk8+LA(6
2.6 Stagnation e!:?_z."
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing o'= [<
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization erAZG)
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems #b]}cwd!
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 2WbZ>^:Nsk
2.11 Spectral Weighting he#Tr'j
2.12 How to Get Started ~'PS|
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3 Improving a Design *aSR KY
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques _If@#WnoyA
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) Poylq]F
3.3 Splitting Elements %r}KvJgd
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet ];wohW%
3.5 Compounding an Element N2S!.H!Wz
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses ( .6tz
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem v J,xz*rc`
3.8 Balancing Aberrations *YEIG#`
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle #h5Hi9LKf
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces ZRVF{D??"%
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design `6l24_eKf
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation ^*owD;]4_
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance XQ|j5]
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations JOE{&^j
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function 9g^./k\8%
4.5 Fabrication Considerations DrVbx
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5 Lens Design Data |'l* $
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs TTw~.x,
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ="[+6X
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ]cO$ E=W
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF b}q(YgH<
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots fxf
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5.6 Various Evaluation Plot [wpt[zG
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6 Telescope Objective Zqe[2()
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet ^Qb!k/$3y
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective Pq_ApUZa
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective |RbUmuj
6.4 Spherochromatism _o=`-iy9
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 4j=@}!TBt
6.6 Induced Aberrations %/,Uk+3p
6.7 Three-Element Objectives !AD,
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) FL_ arhrqD
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 14)kKWG
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design ^
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6.11 A Final Note ,r)d#8
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers f~(^|~ZT
7.1 Eyepieces -:1Gr8
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs ]V[
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 3T#3<gqM[
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular 6T'43h. :
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces I{P$B-
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces :WKyEt!3
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier F@*r%[S/
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces cqU/Y_%l'
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats (G b{ckzs
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ^O\1v
8.2 Glass Choice l9Cy30O6
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ki/Lf4
8.4 Other Design Considerations 9$w)_RX9W
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens -T="Ml&
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet xVmUmftD
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet '2B0D|r"a
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses q|Tk+JH{5
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces FU3IK3}
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness Q?'W >^*J
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9 Split Triplets U},W/g-
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets gZuR4Ti
10.1 The Classic Tessar ~d1RD
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac !7Q.w/|=
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens (TK
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10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 6/[h24d
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar K^p"Z$$
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats l~>rpG
11.1 Meniscus Components X=7vUb,\gB
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon Wh&Z *J
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens ="*C&wB^
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses Gl\RAmdc
11.5 The Split Dagor @!tmUme1c
11.6 The Dogmar ,wy:RVv@e
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens @n y{.s+
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens !Kn+*' #
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version u(Q(UuI
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens "e?#c<p7
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 6v#sq
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet }LVE^6zyk
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element KuAGy*:4T
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar [&59n,R`
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay Z\yLzy#8
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13 Telephoto Lenses J~ rC
13.1 The Basic Telephoto #k]0[;1os
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses gnK!"!nL
13.3 Telephoto Designs v*p)"J *
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch CHSD8D
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses YXOD
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14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle Pg}G4L?H;J
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens DWO:
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses eHZl-|-
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses O-m}P
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 2{qG
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens ]nGA1 S{
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens Q^;\!$:M
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener f\_Q+!^
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses DO*C]
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems LA3,e (e
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17 Microscope Objectives 7Et(p'
17.1 General Considerations 0|k[Wha#
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front "TCbO`mg
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives U9%nku4
17.4 Reflecting Objectives %zVv3p:
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs yr DYw T
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems Vi~+C@96
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors tG&B D\
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems -B! TA0=oJ
18.3 Catadioptric Systems EnAw8Gm*
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems p#NZ\qJ
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids KPrxw }P
18.6 Unobscured Systems l$@lk?dc
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” uU"s50m
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems W u{nC
19.1 Infrared Optics mjc:0hH
19.2 IR Objective Lenses p
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19.3 IR Telescope {[iQRYD0|
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders !7|9r$
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems b8Sl3F?-~
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses Sv",E@!f
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20 Zoom Lenses 2?&ptN)`N
20.1 Zoom Lenses xrd^vE
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras [#H8Mb+7
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens eu/Sp3@v
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 1 .CYs<
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 6n g9 o6
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses I#%-A
21.1 Projection TV Lenses &KwtvUN{
21.2 Macro Lenses ,bg#pG!x Q
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 6FAP *V;
22.1 Monochromatic Systems 1EB`6_>y
22.2 Scanner Lenses $x0F(|wxt
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses L@uKE jR
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23 Tolerance Budgeting ".=EAXVU
23.1 The Tolerance Budget m\Nc}P_"p
23.2 Additive Tolerances A
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23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget 0}!lN{m?
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24 Formulary zc5_;!t
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions =0|evC
24.2 The Cardinal Points l1-FL-1
24.3 Image Equations ggWfk
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ;anG
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24.5 Invariants /vKDlCH*
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) *a4eL [
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships Z]CH8GS~<
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions L x&ZWF$
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs Vy VC#AK,
24.10 Stop Shift Equations
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24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces wq#3f#3V
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) (w fZ!
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Glossary =lnz5H
Reference f
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Index