"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith 7eQ7\,^H
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition A0oC*/
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1 Introduction :&2RV_$>=
1.1 Lens Design Books e l'^9K
1.2 Reference Material Dd!MG'%hlb
1.3 Specifications rP2^D[uM.
1.4 Lens Design zIH[
:
1.5 Lens Design Program Features ^\e:j7@z
1.6 About This Book *B)>5r
@-qxNw
2 Automatic Lens Design t<|=-
2.2 The Merit Function mf,mKgfG
2.3 Local Minima yHCQY4/
2.4 The Landscape Lens vo!:uvy;2
2.5 Types of Merit Function ok-sm~ bp
2.6 Stagnation yf3%g\k
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing AcrbR&cvG
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization !b rN)b)f
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems k1$|vzMh
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits (FH4\ 't)
2.11 Spectral Weighting HpDU:m
2.12 How to Get Started q_OIzZ@
x\3 ` W
3 Improving a Design EK@yzJ%
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques yeE_1C .
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) V/"0'H\"1
3.3 Splitting Elements :n0(g B
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet KKGAk\X
3.5 Compounding an Element @]H&(bw
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses :&6QKTX
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem S'Yg!KwX
3.8 Balancing Aberrations Ea!}r|~]0
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle z+PSx'#}
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces z ]o&^Q
K?-K<3]9f
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design ;)0vxcMB
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation X2dTV}~i
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 7R7g$
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations L@CN0ezQs
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function KOhy)h+ h
4.5 Fabrication Considerations -CtA\<7I
P:(,l,}F8
5 Lens Design Data ~UK)
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5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs YwoytoXK
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots bt%k;Z]
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign MukPY2[Am
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF ;NLL?6~
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots UQ'D-eK
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot 87~. |nu
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6 Telescope Objective Haj`mc!<D0
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet ppb]RN|)
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective <~"q z*_
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective fAUtqkB
6.4 Spherochromatism zclt2?
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration `9a%}PVQ-
6.6 Induced Aberrations P8DJv-f`
6.7 Three-Element Objectives hS*3yCE"8
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) +wD--24!(
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet k W/3
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6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design /
DeIs
6.11 A Final Note d";+8S
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers #OJ^[Zi<
7.1 Eyepieces +Y)rv6}m
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs LNXhzW
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces vB/MnEKR
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular KSh<_`j
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces [m3G%PO@Da
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces jl3RE|M\<
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier rm2{PV<+d
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces aODOc J N
HxU.kcf
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats .Ks&r
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats :'1ePq
8.2 Glass Choice W zy8
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations *ubLuC+b
8.4 Other Design Considerations wd..{j0&
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens ln9MVF'!&
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet .H7"nt^
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet ,8+SQo#3
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses WZ6!VE{
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces hkHMBsNi
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness cU%#oEMf<
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9 Split Triplets (yc$W9
2NIK0%6
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets ,dzbI{@6
10.1 The Classic Tessar 2x$\vL0
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 9e=F
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens f[ %\LHq
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets %J~8a _vO
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats "^22Y}VB
11.1 Meniscus Components 2}~1poyi>
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon UupQ*,dJ
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens u"X8(\pOn
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses uDH)0#
11.5 The Split Dagor |
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11.6 The Dogmar MZv&$KG4m@
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens I*6L`#j[
4?jhZLBU
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens YDs/BF
Z
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version .Zf#L'Rf
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens W
86S)+h
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet AGK+~EjL@
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet wqA5GK>m2
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element \m5:~,p=
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar ^row=5]E
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay MSRIG-
3w!oJB
13 Telephoto Lenses kJJQcjAP:
13.1 The Basic Telephoto r-4I{GPb
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses (t<i?>p
13.3 Telephoto Designs n9cWvy&f
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch VR*5}Qp
N;r,B
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses \ E[0KvN;O
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle !Q#u
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14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens 0IQu6
X
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses Br\/7F
O=c&
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses IK~ur\3
^4 es
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses RDzL@xCcn
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens HAGWA2wQ
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens X903;&Cim
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener ]vKxgfF
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses Y*wbFL6`
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 9FPl
~;bwfp_
17 Microscope Objectives mz9Kwxe
17.1 General Considerations }@1LFZx
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front Q6Jb]>g\H
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives LT'#0dCC
17.4 Reflecting Objectives IQ2<Pinv
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs Pvbw>k;
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems yU .B(|
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors d=lZhqY
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems ->8n.!F}
18.3 Catadioptric Systems {a%T <WW
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems ;qG a|`#j
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids {Z-5
18.6 Unobscured Systems !X[lNtO
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” ]6=cSs!
:V+t|@m5l
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems c{FvMV2em
19.1 Infrared Optics yKDg
~zsh
19.2 IR Objective Lenses *2;w;(-s
19.3 IR Telescope B<:i[~`7t
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders VMHiuBz:
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems x6:$lZ(
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ]*):2%f
H~x0-q<8
20 Zoom Lenses ukG1<j7.
20.1 Zoom Lenses +k8><_vr}
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras )I!l:!Ij*D
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens (Ca\$p7/
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 3@6f%Dyj
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure }o)GBWqHR
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses Kpj0IfC,10
21.1 Projection TV Lenses x`C;
21.2 Macro Lenses 0{A VH/S
eN}FBX#'
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses tk1qgjE(?
22.1 Monochromatic Systems !u4oo-
22.2 Scanner Lenses wond>m
3
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses hr]NW>;
-qx Z3
23 Tolerance Budgeting &?zJ|7rh@|
23.1 The Tolerance Budget .HGEddcC
23.2 Additive Tolerances W&+UF'F2
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget (`>4~?|+T
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24 Formulary _NqEhf:8
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions QdDdrR^&
24.2 The Cardinal Points u\=Nu4)Z
F
24.3 Image Equations kFuaLEJi
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) H6'xXS
24.5 Invariants E\RQm}Z09
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) `"-)ObOj}
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships O- r"G
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 3~Ipcr
B
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs }>)"!p;t_
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ;O{AYF?,N
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces q;B-np?U
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) |? r,W~9`
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Glossary V=E9*$b]
Reference z,DEBRT+
Index