"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith HrEZ]iQ@O0
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition pbR84g^p.S
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1 Introduction ^\{%(i9
1.1 Lens Design Books K(Zd-U
1.2 Reference Material ZMy7z|
1.3 Specifications se2+X>@>
1.4 Lens Design &6r".\;^
1.5 Lens Design Program Features mNWmp_c,1
1.6 About This Book W&TPrB
#CHsH{d
2 Automatic Lens Design $2 ~A^#"0
2.2 The Merit Function Y'%sA~g
2.3 Local Minima X.%Xi'H
2.4 The Landscape Lens y<8)mw
2.5 Types of Merit Function YJ.'Yc
2.6 Stagnation QYyF6ht=!
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing =pN?h<dc
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization OT{qb!eYI
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems *N[.']#n
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits fPZBm&`C
2.11 Spectral Weighting J$j&j`
2.12 How to Get Started ShF
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DIkD6n?V
3 Improving a Design ZQsE07
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 8/ZJkI
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) VKS:d!}3E
3.3 Splitting Elements 5i83(>p3]e
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet aq0J }4U
3.5 Compounding an Element ?K|PM<A
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses TM[Z~n(wt
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem {~[H"h537t
3.8 Balancing Aberrations /vD5C
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle .G?7t6A
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces m:/ nw,
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design K>,Kbs=D6
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation QE=Cum
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance zf5s\w.4
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations C W7E2
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4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function JrOp-ug
4.5 Fabrication Considerations `jvIcu5c
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5 Lens Design Data 7==Uz?}C
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs FOM~Uj
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots --Dw8FR9
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign #fzvK+
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF WFjNS'WI_
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots L!3{ASIN0
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot Y^2`)':
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6 Telescope Objective o3]B/
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet h34|v=8d
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective z%`Tf&UL
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 42Tjbten_u
6.4 Spherochromatism 7iLm_#M
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration }Xrs"u,
6.6 Induced Aberrations !})/x~~e
6.7 Three-Element Objectives 7$8z}2
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) *jTr
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet JihI1C
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 67<zBw2
6.11 A Final Note .%U~ r2Y(
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers N#bWMZ"
7.1 Eyepieces nAoGG0$5
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs {iYu
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7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces DcQ^V4_
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular e,Gv~ae9
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces Gyjx:EM
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 2t<
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7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier &A*oQ3
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces t TA6 p
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ?"{+m
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats wTf0O@``6H
8.2 Glass Choice _-o*3gmbQ
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations wf=#w}f
8.4 Other Design Considerations v@XQ)95]F
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens >tr_Ypfv,c
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet r{YyKSL1*K
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet .sbU-_ij@U
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses /JEH%)
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces ojs&W]r0Z
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness Zj<oh8
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9 Split Triplets 'uo `-Y
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets @7u4v%,wB
10.1 The Classic Tessar N5}vy$t_P
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac d%t]:41=Z
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens C:
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10.4 Other Compounded Triplets CBnD)1b\
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar d=oOMXYa
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats ,RCjfXa
11.1 Meniscus Components Kp~k!6x
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon at,Xad\j
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens @!0j)5%
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 7/PHg)&
11.5 The Split Dagor '8*gJ7]
11.6 The Dogmar ~<v{CBq[
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens ~-']Q0Z
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens O<6/0ub&+h
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version X-:Ni_O\ty
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens Mky$#SI11
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet zesEbR)j
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet <Ks?g=K-
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element /D1Bf:'(
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar zHb<YpU
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay *9j9=N?
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13 Telephoto Lenses &Eidc .
13.1 The Basic Telephoto II>X6
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses qgI
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13.3 Telephoto Designs U|{WtuR
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch :vurU$\
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses *ivbk /8
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle T?AGQcG
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens gvoK
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses hXz"}X n
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses MYN1zYT6j
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses x-tA{_:
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens +QldZba
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens )&_{m
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16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener elKQge
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses A:
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16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems {E 6W]Mno
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17 Microscope Objectives U-WrZ|-
17.1 General Considerations cLR8U1k'
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front UwE^ij
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives uUc[s"\
17.4 Reflecting Objectives f{3FoN=z
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs ulj`+D?H
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems dcHkb,HsO
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors l_,8_u7G
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems N" E\o,_
18.3 Catadioptric Systems tmb0zuJ&C!
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems ;P2~cQjD;
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids c$e~O-OVD?
18.6 Unobscured Systems wV5<sH__
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch”
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems vm4]KEyrX
19.1 Infrared Optics jWU)y)$
19.2 IR Objective Lenses }\gpO0Ox
19.3 IR Telescope C{2UPG4 x
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders jBE=Ij
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems <78>6u/W%
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses I gFz[)
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20 Zoom Lenses Q| xPm:
20.1 Zoom Lenses ?C $_?Qi
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras Pv0+`>):
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens -C8awtbC
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens {ld([
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure /,:32H
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses %"KBX~3+Kj
21.1 Projection TV Lenses :$}67b)MO
21.2 Macro Lenses ~?L. n:wu
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses f3596a
22.1 Monochromatic Systems z ,ledTl
22.2 Scanner Lenses p1|@F^Q
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses vkt)!hl `
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23 Tolerance Budgeting Zmp ^!|=X!
23.1 The Tolerance Budget F`38sq
23.2 Additive Tolerances (TY^
ky Sr
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget kw yvd`J8
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24 Formulary ?VzST }
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions Ur@'X-
24.2 The Cardinal Points Fh?q;oEj
24.3 Image Equations
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24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) Zd5frc$
24.5 Invariants $Z;0/\r%
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 9^aMmN&6N2
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships 1$
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24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 4)"jg[
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs "urQUpF
24.10 Stop Shift Equations t=yM}#r$
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces ey Cg *
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) zb9$
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Glossary icnp^2P
Reference a"ht\v}1
Index