"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith ,<R>Hiwg/s
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition Uqb]e?@
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1 Introduction TyxU6<>4J4
1.1 Lens Design Books ?GaI6?lbn
1.2 Reference Material ^T uP=q5?
1.3 Specifications @]?? +f}#
1.4 Lens Design 3:l: ~Vn
1.5 Lens Design Program Features }3
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1.6 About This Book iX0]g45o
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2 Automatic Lens Design v
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2.2 The Merit Function )&b}^1
2.3 Local Minima A & X
2.4 The Landscape Lens GqmDDL1
2.5 Types of Merit Function 48*Oh2BA
2.6 Stagnation )3D+gu
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing SXT@& @E
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization _RA {SO
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems F)[XIY&2/
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits wsdB;
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2.11 Spectral Weighting !3b|*].B
2.12 How to Get Started TsFV
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3 Improving a Design yhw:xg_;Kz
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques v%69]a-T
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) &V ^
3.3 Splitting Elements |ec (z
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet t(uB66(_F
3.5 Compounding an Element ue^?/{ OuT
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses F1{?]>G
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem &UJ Ty '
3.8 Balancing Aberrations 14@q $}sf
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle )eTnR:=
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces Q+y-*1
l\A}lC0?J
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 'AAF/ 9
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation )T a]6
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance vJ# rW8y
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations FEm1^X#]
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function /jK17}j
4.5 Fabrication Considerations kG|>_5
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5 Lens Design Data pDq^W @Rq
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs b}EYNCw_7S
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots Rpa A)R,
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 5sA>O2Rt>
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF I49= ozPP
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots g# 9*bF
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot Wj
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6 Telescope Objective n'x`oI)-
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 7DHT)9lD/
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective =5s~$C
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 6U,U[MWJ
6.4 Spherochromatism :`Zl\!]E`o
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration -6 7f33
6.6 Induced Aberrations 1VPN#Q!
6.7 Three-Element Objectives n )wpxR
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) kHo;9j-U
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ~; O=
7
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design :+Z> nHe
6.11 A Final Note ;03*qOYc
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers [u9S+:7"
7.1 Eyepieces , uqbS
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs D .oS8'
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces /="D]K)%b8
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular g^ <q L|
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces Yf2+@E
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces S#%JSQo:
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier +_|cZ lQ&
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces (>Q9jNW
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats @u'27c_<d3
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats GO:1
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8.2 Glass Choice 83 ^,'Z
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations KSpC%_LC
8.4 Other Design Considerations 2YP"nj#
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens MkV*+LXC
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet me}Gb a
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet |2t7m at
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses E uimZW\V
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces ^2?O+ =,F
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness <K.C?M(9
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9 Split Triplets }RP 9%n^
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets 0.+Z;j
10.1 The Classic Tessar K&a]pL6D
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac RxDxLU2kt
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens (Ss77~W7
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets .]P;fCQmM
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar %RD7=Z-z
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats Xy8ie:D
11.1 Meniscus Components Vwh&^{Eh
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 0|+hm^'_
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens T[$hYe8%^
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses s"Pk-Dv
11.5 The Split Dagor 4;~lpty
11.6 The Dogmar $X\`
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11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens )b2E/G@X&
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 2Q_{2(nQb
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version sT" tS>
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens u.K'"-xt4K
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet >p#d;wK4_
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet IOES 3
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element `q{'_\gVt(
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 6%hEs6-R
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay -0 J<R;cVs
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13 Telephoto Lenses k-PRV8W O
13.1 The Basic Telephoto \w\47/k{
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses qx CL
13.3 Telephoto Designs :x5o3 xE
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch c68$p gG
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses 8_,wOkk_B
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 7 z0 uj
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens `YU:kj<6
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses O09g b[
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses UU~;B
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses R\=\6( "
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens z8[|LF-dx
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens (V%vFD1)
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener -EIMh^
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses w
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16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 2X |jq4
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17 Microscope Objectives G/;aZ
17.1 General Considerations 91Sb= 9
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front k.f:nv5JO
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives E0%Y%PQ**{
17.4 Reflecting Objectives -hV KPIb
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs z{+; ' 9C
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems k 5kX
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors >-WO w
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems 4U1fPyt
18.3 Catadioptric Systems a_M nQ@
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems (zODV4,5k`
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids Pb&+(j
18.6 Unobscured Systems ^7<m lr
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” ?PtRb:RH t
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems (w
19.1 Infrared Optics tl#s:
19.2 IR Objective Lenses [4yQbqe;
19.3 IR Telescope Yzx0 [_'u
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders hf5SpwxLiH
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems \ 5 c -L_
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses jmVy4* P_
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20 Zoom Lenses C8zeqS^N
20.1 Zoom Lenses k(Xv& Zn
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras k$- q; VI
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens U C$+&&rO
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens "lb!m9F{
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure "< R
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses $F$R4?_
21.1 Projection TV Lenses 4?uG> ;V
21.2 Macro Lenses 1caod0gor
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses UHHKI)(
22.1 Monochromatic Systems r}Av"
22.2 Scanner Lenses T<GD !j(
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses mQuaO#
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23 Tolerance Budgeting "$YLU}S9
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 1D DOUV
23.2 Additive Tolerances HKw 4}FC*
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget Bq`kVfx
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24 Formulary Lxrn# Z eM
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions =%G[vm/ -)
24.2 The Cardinal Points 'm R+W{r
24.3 Image Equations {Oszq(A
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ogbd t1
24.5 Invariants 1yc@q8
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 2a-hf|b1
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships >1zzDd_
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions )S?}huX
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs y5 h[^K3
24.10 Stop Shift Equations YN k|UwJi
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces F'*4:W D7
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) ^2@~AD`&h
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Glossary x*V<af LY[
Reference IBsn>*ja<
Index
