"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith kH*l83
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition "lLt=s2>L
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1 Introduction I=&5m g=m
1.1 Lens Design Books A@*P4E`xp
1.2 Reference Material E>TD `
1.3 Specifications 5)V]qV$
1.4 Lens Design # {7=
1.5 Lens Design Program Features udB:ys
1.6 About This Book L5%~H?K(
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2 Automatic Lens Design jo=Xx A
2.2 The Merit Function eJ)Bs20 Q
2.3 Local Minima Vi`+2%4
2.4 The Landscape Lens 9 4I8~Jj4
2.5 Types of Merit Function >#dNXH]9
2.6 Stagnation : Oo
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing ,^O**k9F
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization 7;Km J}$
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems KL*ZPKG
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits {>OuxVl??k
2.11 Spectral Weighting x*5'
6
2.12 How to Get Started u(02{V
xXH%7%W'f
3 Improving a Design qfE/,L(B
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques &9PzBc
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) _Pa(5-S'KR
3.3 Splitting Elements FB@c
+*1
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet @Qd6a:-6
3.5 Compounding an Element }txHuq1Q.
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses a}#[mw@m=
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem -"Lia!Q]M
3.8 Balancing Aberrations :Y
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3.9 The Symmetrical Principle S +|aCRS
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces S4s\ tA <
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design ItQI M#
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation nl H H}K
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance Lcplc"C
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations ) !3XM
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function /4 RKA!W
4.5 Fabrication Considerations fS-#dJC";`
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5 Lens Design Data 3nd02:GF
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs Um;ReJ8z
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots QV+('
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign Ts0 .Ck
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF $J[h(>-X
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots :g'"*VXYB
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot wGd8q xa
t ?28s/?
6 Telescope Objective !OPK?7
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet =NA L*4 c+
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective N_$ X4.7p
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective /+2^xEIjE
6.4 Spherochromatism ?ZdHuu DN~
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration !#3#}R.$Fl
6.6 Induced Aberrations &xr? yd
6.7 Three-Element Objectives M^r1b1tR
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) CcgCKT
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet LB? evewu
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design zi2hi9A
6.11 A Final Note mn*.z!N=
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers BI;in;Ln
7.1 Eyepieces ]5x N^7_!j
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 5 LhFD
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces vBj{bnl
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular 9g J`H'
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces ` zC_?+
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces | g> K$m^
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier |6`yE]3 -(
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces GUmOK=D >
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats wi:]o o#
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats -[`,MZf
8.2 Glass Choice j?/T7a^
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations 0u
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8.4 Other Design Considerations }_3<Q\j
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens i4'?/UPc
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet \4~uop,Nb+
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet r@"Vb q%
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses #p*{p)]HiA
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces q<r{ps
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 1`5d ~>fV
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9 Split Triplets YX18!OhQ
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets G~8C7$ 0z
10.1 The Classic Tessar %1 @+p f/
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 3@KX| -
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens $eX ;
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10.4 Other Compounded Triplets
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10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar /=lrdp!a
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats 53=s'DZ
11.1 Meniscus Components Uj0DX >I
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon i~ n>dc YW
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens K) sO
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses [US.n +G 6
11.5 The Split Dagor ;?yd;GOt)
11.6 The Dogmar My:wA;#
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens :I+%v
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens )e4nKh],
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 5bH@R@3 m
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens bMx zJRrNg
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet hCc_+/j|
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet F4e< =R
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element g U y >I(
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar PLw;9^<
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay }PK8[N
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13 Telephoto Lenses " So+
13.1 The Basic Telephoto A> xFN em
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses x
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13.3 Telephoto Designs (m-(5 CaJ
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch #QXB2x<*
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses oZmni9*SD
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle JyjS#BWi
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens R% l=NHB}
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses I yL2{5
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses /V2Ih
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses Mf<P ms\F
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens H`9E_[
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens `CUTb*{`
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener C^2Tql
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses *<i
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16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems w=rh@S]
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17 Microscope Objectives ]pzf{8%
17.1 General Considerations 8)\ ?6C
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front
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17.3 Flat-Field Objectives 4@.qM6 \\q
17.4 Reflecting Objectives ?N~rms
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17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs h&{9 &D1t
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems q#x oM1
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors
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18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems c E$<6&0
18.3 Catadioptric Systems H]H*Ouu["e
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems Ev,>_1#Xm
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids u v%T0JA/
18.6 Unobscured Systems VA&_dU]*
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” ,j:`yB] 4,
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems LS}u 6\(
19.1 Infrared Optics k^w !|%a[
19.2 IR Objective Lenses S4n\<+dR<
19.3 IR Telescope >OgA3)X
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders D. fP Hq
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems J2f}{! b+I
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses Kyq/'9`
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20 Zoom Lenses @!=q.4b
20.1 Zoom Lenses )>QpR8
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20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras }R=n!Y$F
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens M2W4 RovfR
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens ve49m%NQ
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure mXt sP1
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses -y|>#`T/
21.1 Projection TV Lenses &G\Vn,1v
21.2 Macro Lenses ;.Zgt8/ .
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses M+j V`J!
22.1 Monochromatic Systems w
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22.2 Scanner Lenses 0ft 81RK
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 1YV ;pEw3w
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23 Tolerance Budgeting Xia4I*
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23.1 The Tolerance Budget lD)ZMaaS3
23.2 Additive Tolerances K~$A2 b95
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget Gf_ Je
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24 Formulary io%WV %1_
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions X
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24.2 The Cardinal Points |L[/]@|
24.3 Image Equations O? L6U es
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) aO)Cq5
24.5 Invariants :%7y6V*
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) v7g s
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24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships iY?J3nxD-:
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions UR?biq
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs vX1 8
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24.10 Stop Shift Equations + -~8t^
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces
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24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) ywQ[>itMa
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Glossary xs,,)jF(u
Reference g]&7c:/
Index
