"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith @ D[` Oj)
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition |5MbAqjzC
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1 Introduction #/70!+J_UF
1.1 Lens Design Books 1@qgF
1.2 Reference Material {_>em*V b
1.3 Specifications "rNL
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1.4 Lens Design E^CiOTN
1.5 Lens Design Program Features D/ Dt
1.6 About This Book Adx`8}N8
sWqM?2 g
2 Automatic Lens Design $kPHxD!"
2.2 The Merit Function ]Kh2;>=
Xj
2.3 Local Minima | C+o;
2.4 The Landscape Lens +!yX T C
2.5 Types of Merit Function 6v 732;^
2.6 Stagnation )^x K
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing Im?LIgt$
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization :dnJY%/q
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems ,w j"! o#
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits eV};9VJ$F
2.11 Spectral Weighting /aqEJGG>
2.12 How to Get Started j6YiE~
qJv[MBjk3B
3 Improving a Design \ |!\V
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ))T>jh
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) #R&H &1
3.3 Splitting Elements 8P: spD0
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet wCKj 7y[
3.5 Compounding an Element PK2~fJB
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses \RG!@$i
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem i$^ ZTb^
3.8 Balancing Aberrations egR-w[{
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle s0" e'
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces ,kM)7!]N
r4XH =
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design ^J/)6/TMXm
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 27Emm
c
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance m$2<`C=
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations Jjm|9|C,
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function z\!K<d"Xv
4.5 Fabrication Considerations \2e0|)aF6
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5 Lens Design Data 3iX?~
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs H)(jh
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots p( LZ)7/
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign iCQ>@P]nE
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF L ^`}J7r
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots ,xi({{ L*
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot ]uh3R{a/
`BXS)xj
6 Telescope Objective R9o- `Wz
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet Gh(
A%x)
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective HIvZQQW|
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective F5T3E?_
6.4 Spherochromatism gzn^#3 b
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration ^QX bJJ
6.6 Induced Aberrations lS5 ny
6.7 Three-Element Objectives !cX[-}Q
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ~/#1G. H
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet D-p.kA3MJ
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design KOSM]c\H
6.11 A Final Note o>]`ac0b}Y
B4H!5b
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers nHXX\i
7.1 Eyepieces +0$/y]k
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs F Y3IUG
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces chI.{Rj
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular :l u5Uu~
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces TLa]O1=Bf.
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces evuZY X@
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier @mQ:7-,~
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces OjE` 1h\
sy5 Fn~\R
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 2\ <.0
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats :D:DnVZ-[@
8.2 Glass Choice IVxWxM*N<
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations .?W5{ U
8.4 Other Design Considerations )6X.Nfkb^k
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens olux6RP[B
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet 5jcte<
5I_
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet v
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8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses WgQBGch,!
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces qt e>r
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness fPa9ofU/kr
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9 Split Triplets qCQ./"8
k+ o| 0
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets <'U]`L p
10.1 The Classic Tessar z_|oCT!6
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac Ukz;0q
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens vw>j J
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets y(jg#7)
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ~p1EF;4 #
aBuo Hdg;
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats [#^#+ |{\
11.1 Meniscus Components G@ \Pi#1
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon "f.Z}AbP
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens kma?v B
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses YPDf
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11.5 The Split Dagor . d<W`%[
11.6 The Dogmar r),PtI0X
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens uq3{ h B#
mB'3N;~
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens %:v`EjRD0
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version *~XA'Vw!
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens uzOYVN$t
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet LaFZ?7@|}
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet g2cVZ!GIj
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element W~n.Xeu{C
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar R[tC ^]ai
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay [IZM.r`Z
k `KGB
13 Telephoto Lenses q<vf,D@{ !
13.1 The Basic Telephoto -Yi,_#3{
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses }=](p-] 5
13.3 Telephoto Designs
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13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch $RX'(/
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses gJN0!N'
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle :;;E<74e
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14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens :Sg&0Wj+#j
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses AEirj /
SUCU P<G
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses @LE[ac
,Z9>h[JF
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses j1$8#/r;c
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens M5L{*>4|6
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens 4Aes#{R3v
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener ^y.nDs%ZT7
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses IV 16d
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ) P&9A)8
nv0@xnbz
17 Microscope Objectives .\Fss(Zn
17.1 General Considerations 9 ;t]Hp_+K
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 'vV$]/wBF
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives QWnndI_4p
17.4 Reflecting Objectives G#`\(NW
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs #^#Kcg
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems >cMd\%^t
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors c~,23wP1
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems %u\ 26[/
18.3 Catadioptric Systems +%>:0mT
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems |k 2" _
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids }-p[V$:S
18.6 Unobscured Systems %y[1H5)3<
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” `g ''rfk}
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems . 9G<y 4
19.1 Infrared Optics $ P
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19.2 IR Objective Lenses t@oK~ Nr
19.3 IR Telescope l;X|=eu'
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 2C^B_FUg|]
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems sd re#@n}
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses 'XOX@UH d
M(q'%XL^
20 Zoom Lenses ^n.WZUk
20.1 Zoom Lenses \u Od ALZ
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras Tp p &
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens G* b2,9&F
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens A~ (l {g
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 34|a\b}
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses SjEAuRDvUz
21.1 Projection TV Lenses H4-qB Z'
21.2 Macro Lenses ^nK7i[yF.k
:6kj EI
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 4\5uY
22.1 Monochromatic Systems eL D?jTi'
22.2 Scanner Lenses . ae O}^
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses ( n{w g(R
* !e(A ]&
23 Tolerance Budgeting q~K(]Ya/
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 9 t
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23.2 Additive Tolerances iX{G]< n
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget B#%; Qc
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24 Formulary KGHq rc
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions l7[7_iB&E
24.2 The Cardinal Points JOn yrks
24.3 Image Equations rEZ8eeB[3
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ^t "iX9
24.5 Invariants C_:k8?
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) $ 3+PbYY
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships 7B9 `<{!h
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions u~zs*
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24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs { >{B`e`$
24.10 Stop Shift Equations "$HbK
@]!h
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces B ZK`O/
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) Ft JjY@#
L *[K>iW
#b0{#^S:
Glossary 3B0lb "e
Reference bE uaOBc
Index
