"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith AH^/V}9H
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition 7I}uZ/N
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1 Introduction *w&e\i|7
1.1 Lens Design Books ,bi^P> X
1.2 Reference Material ?4 ,T}@P
1.3 Specifications &yg|t5o
1.4 Lens Design (=0.i n Z
1.5 Lens Design Program Features h{Y ",7] !
1.6 About This Book ]k S G R
.Mbz3;i0
2 Automatic Lens Design vP &(-a
2.2 The Merit Function >Tgv11[
2.3 Local Minima 7#XzrT]
2.4 The Landscape Lens dd;~K&_Q/i
2.5 Types of Merit Function <E~'.p,
2.6 Stagnation 4x34u}l
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing 4s- ! 7
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization e6*8K@LHB
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems dPlV>IM$z
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits @ JMiO^
2.11 Spectral Weighting 3fj4%P"
2.12 How to Get Started jcOcWB|
79gT+~z
3 Improving a Design Hl"N}
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques +(Ae4{z"1+
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) pBHR a?Y5
3.3 Splitting Elements 01]f2.5
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet _6Sp QW
3.5 Compounding an Element j#|ZP-=1_
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses S jqpec8
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ( .:e,l{U%
3.8 Balancing Aberrations e'~3oqSvR
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle >MZ/| `[M
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces yWK)vju"
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 6K^ #?Bn;
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation wk^B"+Uhy
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance C% u28|
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations {7[Ox<Ho
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function BmT! aue
4.5 Fabrication Considerations C|bET
6nn *]|7
5 Lens Design Data K(4_a``05
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs sHj/;
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots "oyo#-5z
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign /ZX }Nc g
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF hN_]6,<\
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots OUnA;_
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot 4W75T2q#
F9^S"qv$
6 Telescope Objective _ q"Gix
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet F ,kZU$
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective U{mYTN*:j$
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective !
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6.4 Spherochromatism w0.
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6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration tQVVhXQ7
6.6 Induced Aberrations P55fL-vo|}
6.7 Three-Element Objectives PCA4k.,T
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) K/$KI7 P
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet :jf3HG
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design ?6!LL5a.
6.11 A Final Note e-;}366 }
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers +@ UV?"d
7.1 Eyepieces k6^Z~5
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7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs Z+SRXKQ
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces hH.G#-JO
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular ceA9) {
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces U$g?!Yl0
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces /v }`l
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier [[ZJ]^n,
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 4- w{BZuS
qs6 aB0ln
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats *p d@.|^)m
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ]:;&1h3'7
8.2 Glass Choice xw%0>K[
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations
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8.4 Other Design Considerations al0L&z\
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens -j(6;9"7]|
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet `oJ [u:b
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet z s;JJk^
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses }]Tx lSp!;
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Dq xs+
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 1 YA% -~
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9 Split Triplets X&zi s1A<
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets p_ =z#
10.1 The Classic Tessar :gT4K-O j
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 0(I j%Wi,
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens eyaNs{TV
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets J4utIGF
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar GILfbN cd
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats <i[HbgUlO.
11.1 Meniscus Components )"LJ
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11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon g}i61(
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens N [@?gFtT
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses zi:BF60]=
11.5 The Split Dagor neh (< >
11.6 The Dogmar ;4a{$Lw~^9
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens mmsPLv 6
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens A Gno6g
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version f::Dx1VcX
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens ,Q,^3*HX9}
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet BY*Q_ Et
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet !W 0v >p
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element Al'3 ?
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar M2|is ~
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay #g=XUZ/"
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13 Telephoto Lenses JRFtsio*
13.1 The Basic Telephoto =xrv~
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses d3Rw!slIq
13.3 Telephoto Designs DJir { \F
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch OB7hlW
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses n(Uyz`qE
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle SaCh
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14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens a T<q=DO
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses M;NX:mX9
k8Xm n6X
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses HThcn1u~^b
7KPwQ?SjT
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses YP9^Bp{0
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens .2pK.$.
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens ;]fs'LH
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener .-=vx r
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses x pI wrJO
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems {T8Kk)L
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17 Microscope Objectives nie % eC&U
17.1 General Considerations K>9 ()XT)
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front bfO=;S]b!
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives | ' .
17.4 Reflecting Objectives s r}E +qf
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs P_dJZ((X
L(o15
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ~4"dweu?
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors x :7IIvP
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems 4s M.C9W
18.3 Catadioptric Systems }i2V.tVB-
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems bx Wa oWE0
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids <| &Npd'
18.6 Unobscured Systems Q &t<Y^B
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” L]Mo;kT<Q
f X)# =c|5
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems SB7c.H,
19.1 Infrared Optics I l.K"ll
19.2 IR Objective Lenses Gc!x|V;T
19.3 IR Telescope _~pbqa,
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders " Jr-J#gg
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems }`"6aM
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses uGt -l4
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20 Zoom Lenses Tf)*4O 4@'
20.1 Zoom Lenses _
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20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras B ZxvJQ
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens :L;a:xSpn=
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens !Uc T RI
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure qCO/?kW
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses CP{cAzHO
21.1 Projection TV Lenses 3,=6@U
21.2 Macro Lenses ?s _5&j7
\4 #W xZ
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses &=Wlaa/,&
22.1 Monochromatic Systems : yjFQ9^?&
22.2 Scanner Lenses * 4Izy14e
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses EIQ
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23 Tolerance Budgeting T# )P`q
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 3Y~>qGQwh
23.2 Additive Tolerances iIogx8[
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget _? OG1t!
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24 Formulary j+(I"h3
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions Q^ (b)>?r;
24.2 The Cardinal Points ((I%'
24.3 Image Equations +]50D xflA
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) [PM4k0YC 8
24.5 Invariants `KQvJjA6
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) \G3rX9xG
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships "T"h)L<
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions &w~d_</
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs ukY"+&
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ; Hd7*`$
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces J'2X&2
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) ,iq 4Iw
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Glossary O#u=c1
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Reference ^ BL" wk
Index
