"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith j yRSEk$
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition `QdQ?9x{F
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1 Introduction }b+QYSt
1.1 Lens Design Books K3:|Tc(
1.2 Reference Material pXh~#o6V
1.3 Specifications ]<T8ZA_Y;
1.4 Lens Design hNnX-^J<o
1.5 Lens Design Program Features x
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8
1.6 About This Book EB5_;
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2 Automatic Lens Design ^qO=~U!{
2.2 The Merit Function 7TkxvSL X
2.3 Local Minima Z.':&7Y
2.4 The Landscape Lens vA"niO
2.5 Types of Merit Function }l(m5
2.6 Stagnation 6WN(22Io
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing ^8NLe9~p3?
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization s!ZW'`4!z
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems kAN;S<jSE
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits $tCcjBK\
2.11 Spectral Weighting Ae j
2.12 How to Get Started 3z)"U
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3 Improving a Design ?96-" l
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques qC1U&b#MVx
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) XDkS
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3.3 Splitting Elements ("E!Jyc!
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet BKQIo)g.G
3.5 Compounding an Element *SkiFEoD
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses 3`k[!!
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem rjL?eTU"s
3.8 Balancing Aberrations f[Fgh@4cj
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle vZE|Z[M+<
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces sr+gD*@h
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design jefNiEE[
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation gf3U#L}P
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance /&$"}Z6z
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations H+VO.s.a
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function 2K]IlsMO&
4.5 Fabrication Considerations ^+*GbY$'
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5 Lens Design Data e)HhnN@
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs m\/,cc@,
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots
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5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign X_u@D;$
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF v`S2M
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots T2DF'f3A
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot ]bTzbu@
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6 Telescope Objective Rkpr8MS
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet N^h|h
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective *%X6F~h(u
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective VyecTU"W
6.4 Spherochromatism q]"2hLq
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration B;z;vrrL
6.6 Induced Aberrations V(;55ycr
6.7 Three-Element Objectives *$i; o3
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) %/l-A
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6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet VY/|WD~"CW
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 5^i.;>(b
6.11 A Final Note <.,RBo
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers ]?0{(\
7.1 Eyepieces *A?8F"6>
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs +`;+RDKY*
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces |XKOXa3.
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular (9mbF%b
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 6FL?4>MZ
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces R=-+YBw7/
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier oL<BLr9>
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces YBX)eWslK
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats J>`v.8y
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats F:M>z=
8.2 Glass Choice -$+,]t^GV
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations >=if8t!
8.4 Other Design Considerations \U/v;Ijf
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens izMYVI?0
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet q*\NRq
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet lij B#1<8*
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 3A-*vaySV
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 7MY)\aH
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness ,{k<JA{
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9 Split Triplets vqq6B/r@Fu
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets 807al^s
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10.1 The Classic Tessar sffhPX\I
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac B@-|b
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens ?4^};wDb2
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets N99[.mErU
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar p-.Ri^p
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats 6\NvG,8
11.1 Meniscus Components "tqnx?pM
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon YWEYHr;%^?
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens H#OYw#L"u
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses J*5hf: ?i
11.5 The Split Dagor a$d:_,\"
11.6 The Dogmar <mL%P`Jj
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens BU`ckK\(
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens Ua %UbAt
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version %NNj9Bl<VV
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens jh[
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12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet -$.0Dc)3!
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet TN5>" ??"
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element B`i$Wt<7
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar u t$c)_
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay e,(a6X
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13 Telephoto Lenses @Tm`d ?^
13.1 The Basic Telephoto @K\o4\
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses I_ONbJ9]
13.3 Telephoto Designs c&E]E(
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch /jM_mrpz
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses 'r\ 4}Ik
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle P1MvtI4gm
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens 30s; }
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses :_v!#H)
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses V@[rf<,
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses UbO4%YHt
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens |d[5l^6
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens YScvyh?E
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener P;73Hr[E#
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses V C-d0E0
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 5MR,UgT
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17 Microscope Objectives 2VA!&`I
17.1 General Considerations R:M,tL-l
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front U6<M/>RG$
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives J? .F\`N)
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 49AW6H.JT
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs c+g@Z"es
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems (,B#t7ka
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors !J3UqS
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems L0L2Ns
18.3 Catadioptric Systems ;'0=T0\
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems .1#kDM
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 0OnV0SIL
18.6 Unobscured Systems D<>@
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18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” wksl0:BL
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems BEUK}T K4
19.1 Infrared Optics Y1)!lTG
19.2 IR Objective Lenses Y%@hbUc}x9
19.3 IR Telescope ~E)fpGJ
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders }gv8au<
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems #$E)b:xj
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses 2: SO_O4C
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20 Zoom Lenses ;SY\U7B\
20.1 Zoom Lenses qtMD CXZ^n
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras [%pRfjM
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ,6{iT,~@8
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens <CZgQ\Mt
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ,eRQu.
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses ;wHCj$q
21.1 Projection TV Lenses p*20-!{A
21.2 Macro Lenses x`%JI=q
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses y(iY
22.1 Monochromatic Systems t~hTp K*
22.2 Scanner Lenses \+ 0k+B4a
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses }ptq
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23 Tolerance Budgeting /.1.MssQM
23.1 The Tolerance Budget (V?: ]
23.2 Additive Tolerances k~.&j"K
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget "@/62b
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24 Formulary F_H82BE+3
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions t:)ERT")
24.2 The Cardinal Points 'hqBo|
24.3 Image Equations 5Qh?>n>*
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) V[nQQxWp=
24.5 Invariants T'H::^9:E
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) .(CP. d
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships =
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24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions D5,P)[
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs x@Hd^xH`
24.10 Stop Shift Equations )#iq4@)|g
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces Sa1l=^
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) x[3A+
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Glossary o*rQP!8,oy
Reference L+}n@B
Index