"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith xZ.~:V03\t
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition
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1 Introduction >%uAQiU
1.1 Lens Design Books iA55yT+
1.2 Reference Material ,2 zt.aqB
1.3 Specifications u%6Irdx
1.4 Lens Design Xmap9x
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 0`VD!_`
1.6 About This Book Cec9#C
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2 Automatic Lens Design 8
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2.2 The Merit Function M>*0r<qn
2.3 Local Minima B`?N,N"
2.4 The Landscape Lens ZNzR`6}
2.5 Types of Merit Function X+]L-o6I2
2.6 Stagnation 7=7!| UV
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing pY+.SuM
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization 'GEBxNH:
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems M!eoe5
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits x4CtSGG85f
2.11 Spectral Weighting UJee&4C-y
2.12 How to Get Started |?OdV<5C
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3 Improving a Design !GlnQ`T
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques f,Sth7y
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 9
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3.3 Splitting Elements t{/hkXq]
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 1^Kj8*O8e
3.5 Compounding an Element ?8 SK\{9r6
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses GY oZ$p" C
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem <U@P=G<t
3.8 Balancing Aberrations >;&Gz-lm
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle bjPka{PBj
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces N=OS\pz
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design EKqi+T^=F
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation c u\ls^
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance W3 ^z Ij
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations BX@pt;$ek7
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function V -q%r
4.5 Fabrication Considerations F0@Qgk]\
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5 Lens Design Data 6exRS]BI
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs CD^CUbGk
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots Vo #:CB=8
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 7SBM^r}
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF :ar?0
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots z)5S^{(
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot )8[ym/m
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6 Telescope Objective i\(\MzW*'
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet \M7I&~V
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ;4!=DFbU
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective kGpV;F==*
6.4 Spherochromatism UE^D2 u
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration W@l+ciZ_
6.6 Induced Aberrations yc*<:(p
6.7 Three-Element Objectives 1<`9HCm
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 6^Ph '
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet VJ3hC[
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design +W6Hva.
6.11 A Final Note ;P3>>DZ
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers WNhbXyp_
7.1 Eyepieces lY.B
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs CoJ55TAW
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces xS"$g9o0
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular WM/#.
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces $'^&\U~?
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces kGm:VYf%
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier qtHfz"p
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces qh-[L
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats R aefj(^V
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 6_*!|g
8.2 Glass Choice gA_krK,Z
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations s|Zx(.EP
8.4 Other Design Considerations jPnO@H1
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens fE^uF[-7?
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet B
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8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet co/7l sW
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses {DT4mG5
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces &s:=qQa1
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness B20_ig:
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9 Split Triplets ~n6[$WjZA
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets ~Eq \DK
10.1 The Classic Tessar ('t kZt%8
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac "x&3Z@q7
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens JvkL37^n:
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets .|uLt J
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar azo0{`S?
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats noC?k }M
11.1 Meniscus Components kJk xx*:u
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon o 7G> y#Y
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens (S oo<.9~
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses b{RqwV5P
11.5 The Split Dagor 4\p-TPM
11.6 The Dogmar 0KAj]5nvb
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 8Mu;U3cIW
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version :
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12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens :Q_x/+-
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet /s
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12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet ?+r!z
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element qX$u4I!,
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 7yI`e*EOD
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay xQu
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13 Telephoto Lenses (R'+jWH
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 5j eO"jB
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses v7IzDz6gF
13.3 Telephoto Designs $%PVJs
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch r7 VXeoX
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses :EZQ'3X
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle \Hwg) Uc{
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens \iU] s\{).
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses hazq#J!
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses )NT5yF,m
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses :eOR-}p'
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens u@=?#a$$
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens 9`"DFFSMS
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener 4_LQ?U>$
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses }nud
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems jtKn3m7 +p
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17 Microscope Objectives b2kWjg.4
17.1 General Considerations 1f4bt6[
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front dqe7s Zl!
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives ?znSx}t
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 4;KWG}~[o
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs ZPO|<uR
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems u3ZCT" !
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors .Q&rfH3
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems f9TV%fG?
18.3 Catadioptric Systems "0&N}
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems C3VLV&wF
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids Z$'IBv
18.6 Unobscured Systems pOga6'aB)
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” z.)p
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems K`k'}(vj
19.1 Infrared Optics mlu 3K
19.2 IR Objective Lenses N.j
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19.3 IR Telescope bAF )Bli
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders .px:e)iW
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems ~]uZy=P? 5
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses x5Zrz<Y$w
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20 Zoom Lenses |L:Cn J
20.1 Zoom Lenses ]hTb@.
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras qpqokK
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens {CUk1+
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens $.K?N@(W
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure Lz4ehWntO
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses K7`YJp`i
21.1 Projection TV Lenses .36^[Jsz":
21.2 Macro Lenses HJhH-\{@
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses KN[d!}W:
22.1 Monochromatic Systems |4b)>8TL/
22.2 Scanner Lenses ?Zcj}e.r
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses w+AuMc
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23 Tolerance Budgeting `M@Ak2gcR+
23.1 The Tolerance Budget +,flE=5]s
23.2 Additive Tolerances ;+Yi.Q/\
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget =-jD~rN4;P
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24 Formulary kv?|'DN
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions "="O >
24.2 The Cardinal Points v}uJtBG(
24.3 Image Equations n2ndjE$
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ",B'k
24.5 Invariants BzbDZV
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) B)=~8wsI:Z
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships _ PWj(});
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions faJM^ u
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs XZph%j0o
24.10 Stop Shift Equations d?L\pN&
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces =@r--E
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) i|$z'HK;+
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Glossary y]
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Reference $k2)8 #\
Index