"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith Rmh*TQu
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition %&] 1FhL
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1 Introduction ki\uTD`mf
1.1 Lens Design Books tbj=~xYf
1.2 Reference Material ^KHLBSc:
1.3 Specifications n`5WXpz4;
1.4 Lens Design g,lY ut
1.5 Lens Design Program Features U~is-+Uq
1.6 About This Book IvU{Xm"qB
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2 Automatic Lens Design ")\aJ8
2.2 The Merit Function L=A\ J^%
2.3 Local Minima tjzA)/T,4
2.4 The Landscape Lens qb7^VIo%c
2.5 Types of Merit Function VyZV(k
2.6 Stagnation `"<2)yq?
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing ?vbDB 4
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization b :\D\X
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems }""p)Y&
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 8]*Q79
2.11 Spectral Weighting iz
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2.12 How to Get Started c>MY$-PD
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3 Improving a Design G.jQX'%4QG
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques (KF7zP
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) fGO*%)
3.3 Splitting Elements E`E'<"{Yd
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet _Xh=&(/8@
3.5 Compounding an Element kyAs'R@z
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses !LSs9_w
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem }MZan" cfo
3.8 Balancing Aberrations 2ij/N%l
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle BR3mAF
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 0VG=?dq
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design g~R/3cm4
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation )
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4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance @a;sV!S{
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations hmzair3X
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function yV_
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4.5 Fabrication Considerations XARSGAuw
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5 Lens Design Data (4ZLpsbJ
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs eiB(VOJ
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots \9jpCNdJ
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign }:^X X0:FK
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 5rF /323z
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots "o==4?*L
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot S-,kI
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6 Telescope Objective BD4"pcr
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet onh?/3l
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective /'`6
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6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective W9jNUZVXE#
6.4 Spherochromatism P%jkKE?B4
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration /C7s vH
6.6 Induced Aberrations [J:zE&aj
6.7 Three-Element Objectives %
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6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 8!6<p[_
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet g5<ZS3tQ
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design A?sNXhh
6.11 A Final Note yUj;4vd
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers w*2^/zh
7.1 Eyepieces j, ZW[*M
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs AG=9b
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces PIpWa$b
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular j Q^Yj"6
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 8tC + lc
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces y8D 8Y8B
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier Nq
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7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces gpsrw>nw
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats _we3jzMW
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats _32/WQF6
8.2 Glass Choice +E)e1:8
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations y,1S&k
8.4 Other Design Considerations d)9PEtI
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens iPNd!_
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet l#|J
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8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet dvxf lLd @
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses AV9:O{
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces $<14JEU
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness m_~y
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9 Split Triplets 0LZ=`tI
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets G!-7ic_4
10.1 The Classic Tessar oPp!*$V
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac EaJDz`T}
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens YLD-SS[/>
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets |;X?">7NW
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ,s\x]bh
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats m*Q[lr=
11.1 Meniscus Components
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11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon .G7]&5s
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens +R3\cRM
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses "u .)X3
11.5 The Split Dagor ~% D^Ga7
11.6 The Dogmar 49iR8w?k
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens Tz+HIUIxF
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens c,+L +
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version p} t{8j>
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens }wa}hIqx
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet wUh3Hd'
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet rC* sNy2
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element 3ybK6!g`[
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar wrZ7Sr!/V
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay CwTS /G
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13 Telephoto Lenses 6R$F =MB
13.1 The Basic Telephoto sBeP;ox
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses lBizC5t!o
13.3 Telephoto Designs 8MYLXW6
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch ^&f{beU9
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses
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14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle Q#yu(
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens 0~PXa(!^K
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 'xLM>6[wz
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses a2(D!_dZR
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses !q7;{/QM6
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens Ak%no3:9
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens JxMyeo%gv
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener o=QRgdPD
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses xdFP$Y~ogy
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems {UV<=R,E
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17 Microscope Objectives XudH
17.1 General Considerations Y:tW]
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front mK7^:(<.LO
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives qb>|n1F_
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 6ywnyh
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs FthXFxwx$
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 2m)kyQ
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors [t"_}t =w
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems z1{E:~f
18.3 Catadioptric Systems k@cZ"jYA
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems IDiUn!6Q
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids U 3wsWSO
18.6 Unobscured Systems X1
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18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” HiS,q0
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems t9$AvE#a!=
19.1 Infrared Optics _Gs
19.2 IR Objective Lenses #LrCx"_&
19.3 IR Telescope ]$?zT`>(F
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders w>9H"Q[
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems P&-D0T_
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses L_.xr
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20 Zoom Lenses k?|F0e_
20.1 Zoom Lenses DS[l,x
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras YfrTvKX
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 1S)0
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20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens y ? {PoNI
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure vBCZ/F[
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 9`gGsC
21.1 Projection TV Lenses 0%&fUz36E6
21.2 Macro Lenses %xbz&'W,
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses gR_b~^
22.1 Monochromatic Systems )@lo ';\
22.2 Scanner Lenses @$b+~X)7
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 2Xj-A\Oh~
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23 Tolerance Budgeting [V #&sAe
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 8G[Y9A(bmP
23.2 Additive Tolerances fAY2V%Rft
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget }HA2ce\
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24 Formulary v^lm8/}NO
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 9q0,K" x)
24.2 The Cardinal Points ;hfG${l;
24.3 Image Equations hF=V
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24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) JG+g88
24.5 Invariants <+i`W7
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) ^&G O4u
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships zx]M/=7,V#
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions L[[H\
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs zm)CfEF
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24.10 Stop Shift Equations >`,#%MH#
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces RAx]Sp
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24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) loqS?b C]
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Glossary E<m"en&v
Reference j|$y)FBX
Index