"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith !c:Q+:,H
12Qcjj%F*
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition 0m,A`*o
<5/r
1 Introduction a>`\^>G4
1.1 Lens Design Books i^sK+v
1.2 Reference Material +O3zeL
1.3 Specifications $*K5
1.4 Lens Design &oiX/UaY
1.5 Lens Design Program Features b].:2
1.6 About This Book }5bh,'
/ee:GjUkB
2 Automatic Lens Design t$r^'ZN
2.2 The Merit Function 0"o<(1
2.3 Local Minima >b,o yM
2.4 The Landscape Lens .%`|vGF
2.5 Types of Merit Function +Uq9C-Iu
2.6 Stagnation lDV8<
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing `|wH=
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization mp0p#8txi
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems JU:!lyd
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits zB\g'F/
2.11 Spectral Weighting KgVit+4u/
2.12 How to Get Started ]>/YU*\
wRb%-s
3 Improving a Design wq_c^Ioy
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques $ZYEH
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) j>eL&.d
3.3 Splitting Elements v83uGEq(
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet WM: ~P$%cx
3.5 Compounding an Element _`/0/69
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses 5. :To2
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem JWy$` "{
3.8 Balancing Aberrations ?+GbPG~
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle m(nlu
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces !$AVlMnJ
x+|Fw d
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design t*<vc]D
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation qyUcjc%[
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance n<8$_?-
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations Xn"n5=M
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function PTA;a0A
4.5 Fabrication Considerations Y_>z"T
4DEsB)%X
5 Lens Design Data J:f>/
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs y4VCehdJ
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots :tdx:
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign T;GBZR%
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF yt>Pf<AI
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots g}Hk4+
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot jp8=>mk
BArsj
6 Telescope Objective KU-z;}9s
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet _|DP
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective XZcsx
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective Cd'P
6.4 Spherochromatism p$f#W
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration /2>-h-zBjw
6.6 Induced Aberrations pPo?5s
6.7 Three-Element Objectives |{PQ0DS
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) >1pD'UZIy7
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 90sM S]a
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design B_hob
6.11 A Final Note Qu!\Cx@
|rdG+>
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers X]cB`?vR
7.1 Eyepieces M42Zpb].
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs X$/3
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces {tOuKnnS
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular 7b+OIZB
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces ~Zl`Ap
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces -J[zJ4z#
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier Cb=r 8C
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces n ^n'lgUT
;T#t)oV
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats hNDhee`%6
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats C$*`c6R
8.2 Glass Choice 8S]Mf*~S'
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ]|u}P2
8.4 Other Design Considerations E>4#j
PK
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens d/Py,
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet ?jqZeO#W7
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet G8u8&|
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 82$By]Y9
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces |\QR9>
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 4c2P%X(
C
rA`zuYo
9 Split Triplets 15yIPv+5
%M}zi'qQ?
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets ,9?'Q;20
10.1 The Classic Tessar `}zv17wp
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac Maa5a
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens wW%I < M
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Lj~lfO
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar I,YGm
P?9CBhN
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats ]VwAHT&je
11.1 Meniscus Components \W=
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 1'aS2vB9
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens M<ad>M
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 2CmeO&(Qf*
11.5 The Split Dagor ;Ly4Z*!2
11.6 The Dogmar bzJKoxU
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens uFok'3!g7%
MO _9Yi
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens $35Oyd3s<
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version +ixDB0"\
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens !?l 23(d
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 1c}'o*K_%
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet -g@pJ^>:
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element V>['~|
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 8ZIv:nO$
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay dHp6G^Y
wSAm[.1i
13 Telephoto Lenses QlXy9-oJ"
13.1 The Basic Telephoto %1=W#jz
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses =pk'a_P8-
13.3 Telephoto Designs
:lE7v~!Z
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch I7uYsjh@u
ko5\*!|:lj
\6lXsu;I.X
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses vaQ,l6z
.h
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle /ZzlC#`
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens RU{}qPs?
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses Xs!eV
TM"-X\e~{
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses JfVayI=
WEsH@
[
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses .Z^g
7 *s
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens "|Pl(HX
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens #ERn 8k
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener H!Od.$ZIX
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses NNfCJ|
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems v4v+;[a%
S 5d{dTPq
17 Microscope Objectives )T4L^^`
17.1 General Considerations G`
8j ^H,
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front Gg!))I+
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives h)<R#xw
17.4 Reflecting Objectives JJ+<?CeHD
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 9:Y:Vx
iM956 3v
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems (8*lLZ
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors ^s?wnEo;j
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems eyE&<:F#J
18.3 Catadioptric Systems */\.-L{h
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems :J~j*_hZ
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids :D,YR(])
18.6 Unobscured Systems /Mk)H
d
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” UP`q6]P
ms{R|vU%b
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems n (|>7
19.1 Infrared Optics {Q-U=me\
19.2 IR Objective Lenses c[YjGx
19.3 IR Telescope kzmt'/ L8
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders Ya_6Zd4O
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems ]lo1Kw
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses 4w?7AI]Ej
w\mF2h
20 Zoom Lenses ~3%3{aa
20.1 Zoom Lenses 3(&.[o
Z
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 4sAshrUf
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens "5YdmBy
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens ##5/%#eZ
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 5_`}$"<~
J#kdyBmuO
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses G<z)Ydh_
21.1 Projection TV Lenses 7X|r';"?i
21.2 Macro Lenses xHGoCFB
yRznP)
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses nT12[@:Tr
22.1 Monochromatic Systems ;1dz?'%V
22.2 Scanner Lenses Chua>p!$g
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses J
v#^GNm
]/bE${W*]
23 Tolerance Budgeting 'l:2R,cP
23.1 The Tolerance Budget y#0w\/<
23.2 Additive Tolerances ]R@G5d
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget
p4t)Z#0
9PJDT]
24 Formulary </X"*G't
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 2{CSH_"Z7
24.2 The Cardinal Points *I67SBt
24.3 Image Equations zFn&~lFB
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) [!le 9aNg
24.5 Invariants =F&RQ}$
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 8x"d/D
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships X W)A~wPBs
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions DS C4
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 9qDGxW
'1
24.10 Stop Shift Equations !_) ^bRd
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces ^{s0d+@{
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) {H V,2-z
H1nQ.P]_
!cb#fl
Glossary cnthtv+(~
Reference 1 =<|h
Index