"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith NL2n\%n
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition QDxL y aL
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1 Introduction {zmo7~=
1.1 Lens Design Books Re,0RM\
1.2 Reference Material KAEf4/
1.3 Specifications [o|]>(tk
1.4 Lens Design _%<7!|"
1.5 Lens Design Program Features G|Q}.v
1.6 About This Book F)v+.5T1
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2 Automatic Lens Design bYG}CO
2.2 The Merit Function "D@m/l
2.3 Local Minima )@))3
2.4 The Landscape Lens MQR2UK(
2.5 Types of Merit Function dbnH#0i
2.6 Stagnation q@Q|oB0W$)
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing +wT,dUin_<
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization Km\M/j|
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems t@)~{W
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2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits |a^ydwb
2.11 Spectral Weighting rKi)VVkx_
2.12 How to Get Started vs6`oW"{#
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3 Improving a Design f_;3|i
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 7g(rJGjtg
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) ~zYp(#0op
3.3 Splitting Elements S :(1=@
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet PB }$.8
3.5 Compounding an Element Z/Mp=273
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses ed\,FWR
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem `bt]v $
3.8 Balancing Aberrations 9';0vrFeM
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle /vU9eh"%
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 8U\ +b?}
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design )NyGV!Zuu
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 0}P&G^%"
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance `=CF
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4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations }m0Lr:vq<r
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function &dOV0y_
4.5 Fabrication Considerations BAzqdG
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5 Lens Design Data 1
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5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ",~3&wx
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots )FU4i N)ei
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign #2cH.`ty
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF hXMC!~Th
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots ODEy2).
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot tgrQ$Yjk
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6 Telescope Objective ]JhtO{
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet e=2;z
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective [5m;L5
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective zIdQ^vm8Q
6.4 Spherochromatism L`"cu.l
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 4|Y0$(6o
6.6 Induced Aberrations -lAA,}&+!
6.7 Three-Element Objectives <(^-o4Cl
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) % yJs"%
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet .Hgiru&
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design H;$w^Tr
6.11 A Final Note 8PQ$X2)
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers e7hPIG
7.1 Eyepieces Wt4!XV
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs $*2uI?87}:
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces (Ojg~P4;&
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular _ROe!w 1
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces L8ZCGW\Rr
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces *qq %)7
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier rc;| ,\
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces KzM\+yC
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats O ^e
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8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats Fa>Y]Y0r
8.2 Glass Choice yJKezIL\z
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations b%v1]a[
8.4 Other Design Considerations <89js87
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens 3J[P(G>Q
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet "E'OPR
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet |5Z@7
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses i5)trSM|
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces a?D\H5TF-
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness y`\/eX
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9 Split Triplets %3kqBH!d
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets r]8B6iV
10.1 The Classic Tessar u}u2{pO!
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac ) d\Se9!
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens VF6@;5p
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets rl6vt*g
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar g *^"x&
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats D0-C:gz
11.1 Meniscus Components SYl:X
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon <H#D/?n5
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens N|Rlb5\
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses [KCh,'&
11.5 The Split Dagor a2x2N_\=/D
11.6 The Dogmar SX*os$
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens A
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 'kYV}rq;l
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version f^0vkWI2
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens &A%#LVjf
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet abI[J]T9G
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet ! 4i
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element NUm3E4
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar .F%!zaVIu
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay I ][8[UZ
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13 Telephoto Lenses pY-izML
13.1 The Basic Telephoto ^S, "iV
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses 7b
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13.3 Telephoto Designs ,j2qY'wi
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch }V9146
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses G::6?+S
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle cL=P((<K?
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens )\^%w9h
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses +Cau/sPXL
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses HqN|CwGgJ:
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses {\0 R[+d
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens Jr1^qY`0+
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens \ iP[iE=
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener g"zk14'
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses SuuWrt}5
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems oWJ}]ip
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17 Microscope Objectives (EohxLl !p
17.1 General Considerations sCnZ\C@u
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front S
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17.3 Flat-Field Objectives ~oaVH.[e=
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 4+ 4?0R
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs XK&#K? M
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 89 SsS b
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors }]?RngTt
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems Ex*g>~e
18.3 Catadioptric Systems 1pz6e8p:m
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems xr6Q5/p1
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids iP_rEi*-J
18.6 Unobscured Systems q].C>R*ux8
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” cBm3|@7
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems B3yn:=80
19.1 Infrared Optics {'vvE3iZ
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 50'6l
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19.3 IR Telescope *Pq`~W_M7
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders | _S9U|
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems 7,O^c+
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ;eA~z"g
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20 Zoom Lenses Sa<R8X'J
20.1 Zoom Lenses $iF7hyZ
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras h{TnvI/"
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ? jOpW1
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 89 lPeFQ`
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure RGxOb
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses /Pf7= P
21.1 Projection TV Lenses wYF)G;[wM
21.2 Macro Lenses km3-Hp1
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses H?B.Hp|
22.1 Monochromatic Systems %ZZ}TUI W
22.2 Scanner Lenses "5YsBih
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses u(lq9; ;Th
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23 Tolerance Budgeting \[8I5w-
23.1 The Tolerance Budget E*'O))
23.2 Additive Tolerances hz/5k%%UX
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget -'I)2/%g
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24 Formulary b>waxQxjS
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions RZz] .Nx
24.2 The Cardinal Points T8RQM1D_s
24.3 Image Equations #6YNgJNk
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) _PRm4 :
24.5 Invariants _x>u"w
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) *F9uv)[kz
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships M`5^v0,C
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 9> (8r+
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs SWmdU]
24.10 Stop Shift Equations g;*~xo
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces TQ>1u
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) t<`BaU
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3)`}#` T
Glossary k!!o!r BS
Reference &-&6ARb7o
Index