"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith |$ w0+bV*
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition 3Pa3f >}-
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1 Introduction :7k`R6 2{
1.1 Lens Design Books &08 Tns"
1.2 Reference Material ZK!4>OuH`
1.3 Specifications , Z4p0M
1.4 Lens Design W&LBh% "g
1.5 Lens Design Program Features lk~dgky@
1.6 About This Book |WUA1g
2}|vWKej{
2 Automatic Lens Design ?9,YVylg
2.2 The Merit Function K wQXA'
2.3 Local Minima R>` ih&,)
2.4 The Landscape Lens b/G8M r
2.5 Types of Merit Function d)9PEtI
2.6 Stagnation ?^ eJ:
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing L&rO 6
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization zH'!fhcy
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems BMe72
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits %!D_q ~"H
2.11 Spectral Weighting krwf8!bI
2.12 How to Get Started {MA@ A5
i"KL;t[1
3 Improving a Design pO5v*oONz+
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques e$x4Ux7*"
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) O} (E(v
3.3 Splitting Elements H2s*s[T
-
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet ?F!W #
3.5 Compounding an Element y K=S!7p\
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses J~fuW?a]r
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem +0SW ?#%
3.8 Balancing Aberrations i<0D
Z_rub
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle ho(5r5SNE
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces ?@yank|
,WzG.3^m
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design ,q/tyGj
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation _ Eszr(zJ
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance ' "'D.,[W2
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations m]Hb+Y=;h
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function p`p g5R
4.5 Fabrication Considerations J,.j_ii`!
i=x.tsJ:hB
5 Lens Design Data AfuXu@UZ_/
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs c&0;wgieg
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots t@l(xns V
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign Cca~Cq[%*(
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF YLD-SS[/>
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots |;X?">7NW
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot rDK;6H:u{
Omp i ~
6 Telescope Objective m*Q[lr=
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet
BLWA!-
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective .G7]&5s
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective +R3\cRM
6.4 Spherochromatism "u .)X3
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration ~% D^ Ga7
6.6 Induced Aberrations 49iR8w ?k
6.7 Three-Element Objectives Tz+HIUIxF
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) :|*Gnu
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet c,+L +
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design |G|*
6.11 A Final Note C.b,]7i
^D% }V- "
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers wUh3Hd'
7.1 Eyepieces !C9ps]6
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs hr )+Pk
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces z }FiU[Hs
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular :w?:WH?2L
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces qAS70XjOF
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 6R$ F =MB
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier s BeP;ox
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces ~0' _K1(H
b#?ai3E
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats L:|X/c9r[
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats h(+m<J
8.2 Glass Choice R=#q"9 qz
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations _QC? :mv6-
8.4 Other Design Considerations ,yB?~
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens v^ y }lT
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet zN?$Sxttx
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet i?1js ! 8
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 1kz9>;Ud6
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces /8P4%[\
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness ^P3g9'WK
c %xED%X9
9 Split Triplets '$2oSd
X] 3l| D
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets X wKZv0ub
10.1 The Classic Tessar m11"i=S"
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac }"g21-T^
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens 4U LJtM3
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets SG(%d^x`R
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar `g4Ekp'Rp[
P ],)
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats @&i# S}%/
11.1 Meniscus Components M[` w{A
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon BCa90
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens ?:{0
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses c1)BGy li
11.5 The Split Dagor Hz!U_?
11.6 The Dogmar [i<$ZP
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens f2R+5`$
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens ;S{Ld1;
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version K 8yyxJ
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens ;*j6d3E
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet A^= Hu,"e
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet t`Y1.]@U
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element " OS]\-
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar "I}'C^gP
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay =@ L5
w/ ^0tZ~
13 Telephoto Lenses N#-kk3!Z;
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 5w,YBUp
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses 9 +N._u
13.3 Telephoto Designs w|n?m
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch !Wdt:MUI8
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Jq ?^8y
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses "ojD f3@{
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle Z|cTzunp
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens UtGd/\:
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses "z(fBnv
<5!RAdaj+
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses v#<+n{B
W O \lny!
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses u%gm+NneK
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens [pC-{~
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens T0np<l]A
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener G(Idiw#WT
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses t+4%,n f_1
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems No92Y^~/
7 , &]1+n
17 Microscope Objectives 1vR#FE?
17.1 General Considerations b$`4N n|
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 45O6TqepN
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives ?GMeA}j
17.4 Reflecting Objectives tWX+\ |
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs M;Mdz[Q
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems UNZVu~WnF
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors h?pGw1Q
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems , n,7.m.D
18.3 Catadioptric Systems ReG O 9}
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems o y% g{,V
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids dv4r\ R^
18.6 Unobscured Systems CsST-qxg
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” :R|2z`b!
Zkb,v!l
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems J\,e/{,X
19.1 Infrared Optics n4d(`
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ,9l!fT?iH
19.3 IR Telescope :+Je989\[C
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders ) >A%FL9
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems px(1Ppb9
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses @1qUC"Mg
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20 Zoom Lenses Dil4ut- $
20.1 Zoom Lenses k^%TJ.y@
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras $ lG --s
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens &MGgO\|6
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens $, @ rKRY
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure DkMC!Q\
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses UNH}*]u4`
21.1 Projection TV Lenses
$;`2^L
21.2 Macro Lenses ()IgSj?,
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses T.Y4L
22.1 Monochromatic Systems r Xk
22.2 Scanner Lenses T6?d`i i1
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses ah@GSu;7
~(doy@0M
23 Tolerance Budgeting bA9d be
23.1 The Tolerance Budget Ei(`gp
23.2 Additive Tolerances '~6CGqU*
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget >a]
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24 Formulary PT*@#:MA
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions O7_NX fh|
24.2 The Cardinal Points w\Eve:
24.3 Image Equations GISI8W^
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ewlc ^`
24.5 Invariants BO cEL%+
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 2 !& ;ZcT,
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships 7&U+f:-w
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions KqIe8bi^G
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs J U`'?b
24.10 Stop Shift Equations 5suSR;8
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces -`<N,
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) -8J@r2 \
gG z_t,=
RPqn#B
Glossary o+23?A~+
Reference ~CTRPH
Index
