"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith [Vf}NF
6b~28
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition
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1 Introduction -RJE6~>'\
1.1 Lens Design Books m=qOg>k
1.2 Reference Material 7-_vY[)/
1.3 Specifications vw<K}z
1.4 Lens Design 2q}..
1.5 Lens Design Program Features buk=p-oi
1.6 About This Book pUl8{YGS
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2 Automatic Lens Design G%#05jH
2.2 The Merit Function Lv1{k\aw
2.3 Local Minima VhEM k\
2.4 The Landscape Lens Mp\<cE
2.5 Types of Merit Function T@^]i&
2.6 Stagnation P%X-@0)
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing p$;I'
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization #~qAHJ<
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems #ZiT-
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 7 gB{In0
2.11 Spectral Weighting VSOz.g>
2.12 How to Get Started /,|CrNwY*
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8psi0
3 Improving a Design `"k9wC1
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques \Btk;ivg
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) %IBL0NQT
3.3 Splitting Elements LZ*R[
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet |Y_
-
3.5 Compounding an Element e,A)U5X
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses 0'$p$K
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem kpob b
3.8 Balancing Aberrations :u%$0p>
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle 6-,m}Ce\
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces IPA*-I57
!D.0 (J
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design TA}UY7v
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation >Cd9fJ&0gP
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance Uz8hANN0_
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations Tvf~P w
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ;)!"Ty|
4.5 Fabrication Considerations \Mi#{0f+q
u}H$-$jE
5 Lens Design Data ,=[*Lo>O
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs i~qfGl p6)
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots {sS_|sX
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ,9/5T: 2
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF Q2~5"
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots ?=|kC*$/G
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot Ht=$] Px
gAE!aKy
6 Telescope Objective + Oobb-v
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet "xwM+ AC
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ~oi_r8K
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective +*EKR
6.4 Spherochromatism h$h]%y
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration q9}2
6.6 Induced Aberrations -gKpL\
6.7 Three-Element Objectives B7"Fp
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) \K`jCsT
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet l`rC0kJ]
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 8&a_A:h
6.11 A Final Note jEU'.RBN%
2bA#D%PHD
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers `facFt[\
7.1 Eyepieces ujx-jIhT_
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs {
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7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 3&J&^O
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular R#6H'TVE
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces _.f@Y`4d
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 41;)-(1
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier |[w^eg
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 0^\/ERK
1KJZWZy
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats #Go(tS~o
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats B82,.?
8.2 Glass Choice vo b$iS`>=
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations 7s]Wq6
8.4 Other Design Considerations UA0tFeH
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens W'G{K\(/
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet %1jdiHTaL
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet rUFFF'm\*a
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses (n=Aa;
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces i^S2%qz
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness |4xo4%BQ>
W8.j/K:
9 Split Triplets ;tN4HiN
.v7`$(T
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets :1BM=_WwI
10.1 The Classic Tessar l4`^!
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac "w^Nu6
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens "
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10.4 Other Compounded Triplets lu3.KOD/
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar y$h"ty{g
o>K &D$J;O
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats #L1>dHhat
11.1 Meniscus Components u[mY!(>nQ
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 4@~a<P#
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens zW)gC9_|m-
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses a8NVLD>7}
11.5 The Split Dagor @$ftG
11.6 The Dogmar 5h(jeT8"
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens fn?VNZ`J
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens W2n*bNI
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version r+TK5|ke
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens ;&7,73!
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet |=,83,a
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet wEK%T P4
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element '2wCP
EC
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar B{=009.
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay R%W@~o\p]
v<+4BjV!J}
13 Telephoto Lenses .o"<N
13.1 The Basic Telephoto %2zas(b9j
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses !(yT7#?hP
13.3 Telephoto Designs i9y3PP)
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch 86#-q7aX
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses iW;}%$lVX
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle m1i4 ,
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens ])S$x{.g
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses G#'Q~N
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses Y}K!`~n1S
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ki`8(u6l
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens Z/n3aYM
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens s`r-v/3l
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener 8Kk3_ y
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses SF"#\{cjj
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems Jxn3$
A1=_nt)5
17 Microscope Objectives %`eJ66T
17.1 General Considerations qj`,qm
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front KS?mw`Nr
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives %mJ~F*Dy
17.4 Reflecting Objectives q;ZLaX\bFl
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs "*+\KPCU
Q%I#{+OT
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ZWFG?8lJ
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors _/ct=
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems </|)"OD9
18.3 Catadioptric Systems K]ca4Z
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems M5F(<,n;
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids
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18.6 Unobscured Systems _Q)d+Fl
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” u0s'6=
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems @81-kdTx
19.1 Infrared Optics (1rJFl!
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 5GaoJ v
19.3 IR Telescope Zd8drT'@#
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders sr;:Dvx~
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems AfUZO^<
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses |xp$OL"a
R!@|6=]iG
20 Zoom Lenses r|*:9|y{"/
20.1 Zoom Lenses 5/tj
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras ``+c`F?5
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens P`p6J8}4
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens #fwzFS \XL
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ~B<97x(X
y!SF/i?Py
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses kxygf9I!;
21.1 Projection TV Lenses LE8K)i
21.2 Macro Lenses GhtbQM1[H
I<c@uXXV;!
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses /X@7ju;
22.1 Monochromatic Systems ('T4Db
22.2 Scanner Lenses tp#Z@5=
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses RV(
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]Mn&76fu
23 Tolerance Budgeting y*}AX%8`e~
23.1 The Tolerance Budget cT_uJbP+
23.2 Additive Tolerances C5>{Q:.`e'
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget =
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Ok*VQKyDLH
24 Formulary 'uPxEu4 >4
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions P)Z/JHB
24.2 The Cardinal Points v$[ @]`
24.3 Image Equations `oB' (
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) Uy(vELB
24.5 Invariants B"7$!C o
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) /
c+,
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships ^Yf3"D?&
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions #D/$6ah~m
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs $/NGNkl[
24.10 Stop Shift Equations hm*Th
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces Y*`:M(
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) /uC+.B9k
lO551Y^
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Glossary D_O 5k|-V
Reference 7J0 ^N7"o
Index