"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith %8n<#0v-|4
;=,-C;`
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition X "7CN Td
72Bc0Wg
1 Introduction k3$'K}=d
1.1 Lens Design Books zj r($?
1.2 Reference Material 6#U~>r/
1.3 Specifications >;4q
1.4 Lens Design u9f^wn
1.5 Lens Design Program Features U6/7EOW,
1.6 About This Book mvjx
&+q
*:H,-@
2 Automatic Lens Design ;9j ]P56
2.2 The Merit Function "]=OR>
2.3 Local Minima Zeg'\&w0s
2.4 The Landscape Lens
Hy3J2p9.
2.5 Types of Merit Function W5Z-s.o
2.6 Stagnation *Vl#]81~
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing <}WSYK,zUY
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization my A;Y
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems f)_<Ih\/7_
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits $Xwk8<
2.11 Spectral Weighting S} UYkns*
2.12 How to Get Started @;eH~3P
?Vg~7Eu0
3 Improving a Design c(=>5
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques [UXVL}tk
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) #-YbZ
3.3 Splitting Elements *}C%z(
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet :(XyiF<Ud
3.5 Compounding an Element q+9^rQ
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses >!1]G"U
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ^rfR<Q`
3.8 Balancing Aberrations .eIs$
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle y<6Sl6l*
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces y?UJ<QAi
ynA_Z^j
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design :4zPYG o
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation &qWg$_Yh
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance I?D=Q$s
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 5b rM..
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function liYsUmjZ=
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 3Y#
vx?KenO}
5 Lens Design Data PFpFqJ)Cs"
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs %6(\Ki6I
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots {BlTLAKm
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign <y?+xZM]#|
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF Pa{DB?P
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots
&5K3AL
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot !7\dr )
Z]Xa:[
6 Telescope Objective ]uFJ~:R
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 5)f 'wVe
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective (+v':KH3_
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective :a Cf@:']
6.4 Spherochromatism &c-V
QP(
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration Po=:-Of:
6.6 Induced Aberrations {s@!N
6.7 Three-Element Objectives `Zuo`GP*1
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) m>Wt'Cc
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet qWK}
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design @{qcu\sZ
6.11 A Final Note HAE$Np|>a
^kK")+K
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers G$YF0Nc
7.1 Eyepieces xb[yy}>"L
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs I;jH'._k#
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 8Q/cJ+&
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular /|U;_F Pmc
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces )Mq4p'*A[
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces *8qRdI9
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier axnVAh|}S
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces I[Bp}6G
y+B iaD!U
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats Z .`+IN(>E
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats [i~@X2:Al
8.2 Glass Choice ~Fvz&dO
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations Kc]
GE#~g
8.4 Other Design Considerations OkQ<
Sc
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens )]Zdaw)X
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet B[sI7D>Y
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Se??E+aX
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 8B6(SQp%
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces d>J
+7ex+
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness b6e2a/x
Ld:-S,2
9 Split Triplets 'O ~_g5kC
`Q+O#l?
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets 3J4OkwqD
10.1 The Classic Tessar
1^hG}#6_
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac O:V.;q2]U
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens qu1! KS
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets -{L 7%j|R
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar l66 QgPA
NB3+kf ,
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats 2bXCFv7}
11.1 Meniscus Components %j2 :W\g:
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon cPL6(&7
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens siuDg,uqK5
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses Or/YEt}
11.5 The Split Dagor W:f )#'
11.6 The Dogmar =`}|hI
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens jbOwpyH
N}z]OvnZH
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens %> YRNW@%
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 2MXg)GBcU>
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens 0^P9)<k'
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet &z\?A2Mw%
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet gvjy'Rm
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element *Q-uE
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar z2.OR,R}]
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay v>hc\H1P
o9D#d\G
13 Telephoto Lenses l
Hu8ADva
13.1 The Basic Telephoto v~^*L iP+
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses SX?hu|g_r
13.3 Telephoto Designs (ia+N/$u
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch -oju-gf K
)1 0aDTlr
yaC_r-%U&
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses k~Y_%#_
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle pkIJbI{aS
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens O[}2
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses ewYk>
]x_14$rk
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses z[+pN:47
rt! lc-g%/
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses [HRP&jr
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens OYfP!,+bn
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens UD'e%IVw
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener }WNgKw
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses /h!iLun7I
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems "Bn]-o|r
n
QOLR?%
17 Microscope Objectives ~:4Mf/Ca
17.1 General Considerations _l]rt
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front Z+;670Z
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives uc;,JX!bN
17.4 Reflecting Objectives y?s#pSX;N
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs N;av
W-"FRTI4
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems '6>nXp?)r
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors 5~omZ,qe
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems pc_$,RkN
18.3 Catadioptric Systems }~Y#N
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems /I#SP/M&l
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids FU(s jB
18.6 Unobscured Systems w5&,AL:
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” j0K}nS\ P
gY@$g
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems SR1UO'.
19.1 Infrared Optics $66 DyK?
19.2 IR Objective Lenses GmLKg >%
19.3 IR Telescope ^sVB:?
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders }~ o>H a;
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems x42m+5/
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses <j89HtCz
L
sMS`o6
20 Zoom Lenses .zyi'Kj
20.1 Zoom Lenses 3Q(#2tL=
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras R<-(
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ,ffH:3F
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens itIzs99j
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure a?9Ka!O4s
s@bo df&
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses xyTjK.N
21.1 Projection TV Lenses ,U/ZG|=v
21.2 Macro Lenses A
ptzBs/
IE9A _u*
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses Ke+#ww
22.1 Monochromatic Systems CVBy&o"6A
22.2 Scanner Lenses {oN7I'>
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses -^LEGKN
Y)4&PN~[
23 Tolerance Budgeting w873: =
23.1 The Tolerance Budget =h2zIcj
23.2 Additive Tolerances !pLQRnI}6
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget ZMXIKN9BF#
h"G#} C]
24 Formulary 3 aG?^z
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 'PrrP3lO_~
24.2 The Cardinal Points ,;yiV<AD
24.3 Image Equations E7qk>~Dg
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) cUz7F
24.5 Invariants <ibEo98
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) n +z5;'my
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships thjCfP
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions Yl#r9TM
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs vHPp$lql
24.10 Stop Shift Equations H:BWv08~5
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces }l>0m
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) =F5(k(Ds
(r?41?5K
Fh4kd>1D
Glossary s`G3SE
Reference |Tp>,\:5
Index