"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith P%xk
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition k
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1 Introduction LV0g *ng
1.1 Lens Design Books mdypZ 1f_
1.2 Reference Material VHM ,W]
1.3 Specifications :)g=AhBF
1.4 Lens Design <uU AAHi
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 1FjA
1.6 About This Book &1F)/$,v
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2 Automatic Lens Design )$P!7$C-
2.2 The Merit Function 58mzh82+
2.3 Local Minima 3VCyq7B^
2.4 The Landscape Lens }pu2/44=W
2.5 Types of Merit Function )U>q><
2.6 Stagnation J*.Nf)i
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing 1MRt_*N4
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization Iu2RK
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems r}WV"/]p
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 5L42'gJ
2.11 Spectral Weighting fH`P8?](x
2.12 How to Get Started FnP/NoZa>
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3 Improving a Design rMTtPuc2
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques +@cf@}W6QC
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) [m|\N
3.3 Splitting Elements hDl& K E
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet Al$"k[-Uin
3.5 Compounding an Element KB&t31aq
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses xaoaZ3Ko
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem k>K23(X
3.8 Balancing Aberrations jXGr{n
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle )qn
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3.10 Aspheric Surfaces <gZC78}E
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design er+m:XuV
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 3`n5[RV
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance TcpD*%wW
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations f>\?\!
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ah"2^x
4.5 Fabrication Considerations |42E'zH&
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5 Lens Design Data zO9$fU
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs *.Y!ZaK
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots w<J$12
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5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign W2%(a0p
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF OB6I8n XW
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots g5V9fnb!d
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot bNevHKS
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6 Telescope Objective KVtnz
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet n4>
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective fyYv}z
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective }-V .upl
6.4 Spherochromatism mmwwz
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration BtBy.bR
6.6 Induced Aberrations k#JFDw\
6.7 Three-Element Objectives AjAmV
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6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) q_OIzZ@
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet $Fc*^8$ryC
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design ,BW^j.7
6.11 A Final Note +SrE
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers }UXj|SY
7.1 Eyepieces #n{wK+lz
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 15iCJ p
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces OZ![9l
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular V/"0'H\"1
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces .oaW#f}0P
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces -R~;E[
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7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier YDi_Gl$
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces a}M7"v9
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats s:*gjoL
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats dvyE._/v
8.2 Glass Choice V,|l&-
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations o7/_a/
8.4 Other Design Considerations ;l4rg!r(S
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens ^zsCF0
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet EVgn^,
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet "! p#8jR^
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses S &s7]
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces =bN[TD
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness Ad@))o2
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9 Split Triplets jtQ2vJ-
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets %[lX
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10.1 The Classic Tessar Jc`LUJT
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac cX7xG U
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens kVkV~
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets H!Uy4L~>
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar -T4?5T_
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats (G#)[0<fX
11.1 Meniscus Components e<~uU9
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11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon S;+bQ.
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens <%>Q$b5
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses MyCX6+Ci)
11.5 The Split Dagor 0eq>
11.6 The Dogmar _m3PAD4
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens ^CZn<$
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens fU>"d>6!S
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version Xa[gDdbL
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens W>wE8? _,
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ~S"G~a(&j
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet Fd5{ pM3
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element &p8K0 |
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar Z(/jQ=ozQ
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay NjYpNd?g
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13 Telephoto Lenses xzW]D0o0
13.1 The Basic Telephoto a 3R#Bg(
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses f]T#q@|lE
13.3 Telephoto Designs }`f%"Z
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch g3LAi#m
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses W zy8
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle eoTOccb!
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens 3|9)A+,#
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses Q&`$:h.~
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses mOGcv_L
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses wC@4`h\U
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens h!yF
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens (yc$W9
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener 2NIK0%6
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ,dzbI{@6
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 2x$\vL0
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17 Microscope Objectives ?ohLcz
17.1 General Considerations Xw9,O8}C7
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front il5WLi;{
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives Rp}6}4=d
17.4 Reflecting Objectives s)
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17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs {YK6IgEsJe
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems UupQ*,dJ
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors u"X8(\pOn
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems [A*vl9=
18.3 Catadioptric Systems Zm&Zz^s
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems [gIStKe
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 3"I 1'+
18.6 Unobscured Systems 9co
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18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” OaU} 9&
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems 8Nc i1o
19.1 Infrared Optics 'qQDM_+
19.2 IR Objective Lenses gTO%
19.3 IR Telescope L_)?5IOJ$
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 4\Y=*X
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems F[RhuNa&'W
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses <`-"K+e!J
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20 Zoom Lenses xhg{!w
20.1 Zoom Lenses LEyn1d
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras if#$wm%
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens n9cWvy&f
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens VR*5}Qp
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure f=}u;^
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses mUcHsCszH
21.1 Projection TV Lenses I`Rxijz
21.2 Macro Lenses `1M_rG1/+
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses V&h,v%$
22.1 Monochromatic Systems Axj<e!{D
22.2 Scanner Lenses C[gSiL
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 5>h2WL
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23 Tolerance Budgeting Y<a/(`
23.1 The Tolerance Budget FCqs'
23.2 Additive Tolerances +1h^9Y'
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget rrbCg(
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24 Formulary nez5z:7F
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions [r^f5;Z
24.2 The Cardinal Points w$61+KH K
24.3 Image Equations 6kIq6rWF9
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) f4!^0%l
24.5 Invariants *zz/U
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24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 2z )h,<D
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships g&_0)(a\
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions &(Xp_3PO
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs -J? df
24.10 Stop Shift Equations "UVV/&`o
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces #cjB <APY
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) r~t&;yRv
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Glossary |mMW"(~
Reference wx<5*8zP
Index