"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith xk9]jQ7
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition qSR
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1 Introduction m`t7-kiZ
1.1 Lens Design Books MwZ`NH|n3"
1.2 Reference Material <?eZ9eB
1.3 Specifications hLF@'ln
1.4 Lens Design [@)|j=:i:
1.5 Lens Design Program Features BScysoeD
1.6 About This Book Z|.. hZG
V.}U p+WL
2 Automatic Lens Design TG($l2
2.2 The Merit Function <K~#@.^`
2.3 Local Minima 8G=4{,(A
2.4 The Landscape Lens f|EWu
2.5 Types of Merit Function Sc(2c.HO*
2.6 Stagnation '
x|B'
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing VrDv d
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization XyhdsH5%3!
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems J_tJj8
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits &c 'unKH
2.11 Spectral Weighting ITTC}
2.12 How to Get Started > 2$M~to"1
9r!%PjNvE
3 Improving a Design a)xN(xp##
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ^I^k4iw 4
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) (jXgJ" m
3.3 Splitting Elements /bVI' fT
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet V%+KJ}S!Z
3.5 Compounding an Element F4@h} T5)
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses umj7-fh
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem Yq .Om r!
3.8 Balancing Aberrations $`i&\O2*
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle b'G4K NW
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces A%Ao yy4E
SFuzH)+VO
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 3Vhm$y%Td
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation c~c YN W:
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance StE4n0V
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations } [1I_)
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function P5Fm<f8\
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 7oUYRqd
lA{Sr0f TP
5 Lens Design Data
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5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs OUD<+i,
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots F3?v&
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign OyVp 3O
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF ]+oPwp;il
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots &9'6hMu
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot ")TI,a `
B} :[~R'
6 Telescope Objective #<) u%)`
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet rZ^ DiFR
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective b
afYjF< 3
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective S\Q/ "Y
6.4 Spherochromatism o zv><e#
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration D:f0W v
6.6 Induced Aberrations a7Z P V1k
6.7 Three-Element Objectives : .@gd7T
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) W8\K_M}
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet >RRb8=[J
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 8c#u"qF
6.11 A Final Note x3]es"4Q
7Rq;V=2YV
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers Lt_ 7pb%
7.1 Eyepieces D=e&"V a
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs .'
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7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces @HR]b^2E
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular m"`& FA
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 7j5 l?K-
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces e1 K,4 Bq
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ]XU? Wg
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 53#7Yy
'AHI;Z~Gk
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats D guAeK
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ;g*ab
8.2 Glass Choice |nB2X;K5~
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations Wl} d6ZTm
8.4 Other Design Considerations UT+B*?,h
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens (eSa{C\
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet _"=Y j3?G%
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet ^b'|`R+~}
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses CpO!xj +
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces
K t9:V,
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness JZ'`.yK:
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9 Split Triplets &ciU`//`
Uu W"
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets 5nQ*%u\$Z
10.1 The Classic Tessar 0[ jy
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac [<7Hy,xr_
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens |lrLTI^a
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 7 i,}F|#8
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar pX+ `qxF\
V07e29w
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats ._Wm%'uX
11.1 Meniscus Components \XD&0inv
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon )k{zRq:d
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens I HgYgn
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses Q
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11.5 The Split Dagor H0_hQ:K
11.6 The Dogmar E$T)N U\
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens dr'#
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens P 'xq+ Q
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version weYP^>gH'
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens H[BY(a@c
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet vE^Hk!^
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet I MpEp}7
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element |W<wPmW_{+
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar ^W{+ ?q'
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay q ;1]M[&
qQv?J]l
13 Telephoto Lenses ayTEQS
13.1 The Basic Telephoto AtGk
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13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses @.6l^"L
13.3 Telephoto Designs B0 T[[%~3M
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch [/.o>R#J(
% V /J6
89?$xm _m
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses u|z B\z d
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle p(fYpD
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens ?KDI'>"-v
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses F
0 q#.
#p_3j 0S
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses -Zh`h8gX
,Y6Me+5B
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses +}@1X&v:
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens L}7c{6!F7
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens X `YA JG
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener c&vY0/ [
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses why;1z>V
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems |#fqHON
nSdta'6
17 Microscope Objectives PBc.}TSGj
17.1 General Considerations Y; JV9{j
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front ,{!~rSq-l
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives |}P4Gr}6
17.4 Reflecting Objectives `uo'w:Q
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs Lwm2:_\_b
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems H48`z'o
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors LT']3w
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems {P ZN J 2~
18.3 Catadioptric Systems t= J WD2
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems eAR]~
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18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 9 &a&O
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18.6 Unobscured Systems % 9B r
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” AC :cV='
m08:EX P
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems z'OY6
19.1 Infrared Optics UT!gAU
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 0 UdAF
19.3 IR Telescope s=9 gp$9m
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 9un* 1%
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems o\6A]T=R
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses oVk *G
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20 Zoom Lenses Gu?O yL
20.1 Zoom Lenses QwPL y O
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras # -?C{$2I
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens $ J}d6%
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens ocOzQ13@Y
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 0*0]R C5 ?
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses e }>8rnR{
21.1 Projection TV Lenses /3`#ldb% }
21.2 Macro Lenses F/GfEMSE
l, 5<g-r
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses m:U.ao6
22.1 Monochromatic Systems KZ_d..l*W
22.2 Scanner Lenses r# ES|
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses M| r6"~i
" #O v!t
23 Tolerance Budgeting T;!7GW4E
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23.1 The Tolerance Budget "BSSA%u?c
23.2 Additive Tolerances < 5rs~
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget =xz Dpn>f
J?4aSssE
24 Formulary .PjJ g^^
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions c|?0iN
24.2 The Cardinal Points "";[U
24.3 Image Equations .u[h K
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) 6b& <5,=d:
24.5 Invariants 4wfT8CL
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) RW19I,d
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships &+F|v(|r
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 2E]SKpJ
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs &%3$zgvR
24.10 Stop Shift Equations / O@'XWW
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces W[B%,Km%]
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) p Z4]K xX@
Gd^K,3:. T
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Glossary d#~^)r
Reference }py6H[
Index
