"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith >oi?aD%
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition : /"5x
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1 Introduction 0<f.r~
1.1 Lens Design Books (bB"6
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1.2 Reference Material v@ J[qpX
1.3 Specifications i{D u6j^j
1.4 Lens Design Q/h-Kh mz
1.5 Lens Design Program Features Uaj_,qb(
1.6 About This Book h$6 ~3^g:P
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2 Automatic Lens Design -I;\9r+
2.2 The Merit Function ;Z`R!
2.3 Local Minima b0x%#trA{
2.4 The Landscape Lens /?S^#q>m%
2.5 Types of Merit Function LEX @hkh
2.6 Stagnation "];@N!dA
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing _~F
0i ?
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization ID{XZ
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems );n / G
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits Y|tK19
2.11 Spectral Weighting W|s" ;EAM
2.12 How to Get Started P > `|.@
ovi^bNQ
3 Improving a Design !?|xeQ}
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques @ Q;s[Kg{!
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) m4'jTC$
3.3 Splitting Elements jmP; (j.|
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 8f65 ;lyN
3.5 Compounding an Element iHvWJ<"jR
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses -_O j iQ R
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ,^DP
3.8 Balancing Aberrations [r'A8!/|[
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle cF?0=un
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces *D9H3M[o#
{.y_{yWo
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design "I9 r>=
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation [%~yY&
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance @S>;t)\J
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations }Fox
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function }u{gQlV
4.5 Fabrication Considerations ]I zD`
108 3p9Uh
5 Lens Design Data o)R< sT
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs p(Osz7K
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots |f.,fVVV;
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign h@y>QhYU0
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF (=EDqAZg
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots ~03M H'
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot :-$8u;!M
t% <y ^Wa=
6 Telescope Objective Tf? ` _jL
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet -8<vW e
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective {esb"beGLa
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective !+ QfQghAT
6.4 Spherochromatism WJ[>p
ELT,
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration @7V~CNB+
6.6 Induced Aberrations aUA)p}/:
6.7 Three-Element Objectives a#& ( i
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) nr,Z0
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet }d;6.~Gw
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design Xil ;`8h
6.11 A Final Note >7S@3,C3ke
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers 1MT,A_L
7.1 Eyepieces Ndgx@LTQQ
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs Fop +xR,Z
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 5O
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7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular U4yl{?
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces =)gdxywoC
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 2% OAQ(
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ,CuWQ'H
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces %H,s~IU
3d olrW
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 4z9lk ^#"X
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats rPqM&&+
8.2 Glass Choice =;b3i1'U
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ?( z"U b]
8.4 Other Design Considerations
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8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens ]^> :)q
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet Bx #=$ka
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet K}^# VlY9
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses H\\FAOj
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 4l6 8+
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness
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9 Split Triplets {<Gp5j
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets +oq<}CNr{
10.1 The Classic Tessar Im@OAR4,R
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac PLMC<4$s
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens n|X heG7:
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets ws^Ne30 R
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar =WBfaxL}
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats /> /e
11.1 Meniscus Components Gn_DIFa
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon z ynu0X
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens &>E gKL
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 4KnBb_w
11.5 The Split Dagor Y?3tf0 t/
11.6 The Dogmar 1EEcNtpub]
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens OE9,D:t v
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens &} `a"tYr
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 2A[hMbL
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens LdN[N^n[H
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet lv'WRS'}
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet <r$h =hM
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element v^8sL` F
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar V
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12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay @z{SDM
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13 Telephoto Lenses b/]4#?g
13.1 The Basic Telephoto ,m5i(WL
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses J'$NBws
13.3 Telephoto Designs r9'[7b1l
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch /UK]lP^w]!
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses d(d<@cB9
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle ,aC}0t
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens ] \ _tO
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses s(3HZ>qx;
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses QOSMV#Nw%
HbsNF~;
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses Oh p@ZJ!a?
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens f!w/zC .
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens aaT3-][
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener \\#D!q*
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses *qy \% A
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems KGg
S"d
h%ys: :\zF
17 Microscope Objectives YRX^ fZ-b
17.1 General Considerations Babzrt -
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front M-Efe_VRQc
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives _G/ R;N71
17.4 Reflecting Objectives a(]&H
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17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs ": M]3.
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems {L%J DJ
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors A%Ka)UU+n
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems O& Sk}^
18.3 Catadioptric Systems d\]KG(T
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems SYA~I-OYc
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids A+* lV*@0
18.6 Unobscured Systems vu\ W5M
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” @Xl(A]w%!
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems yVmp,""a
19.1 Infrared Optics WX? nq'nr
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 1bCE~,tD
19.3 IR Telescope \EVT*v=}/
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders B #%QY\<X
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems }_zN%Tf~
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses @gK`RmhGE5
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20 Zoom Lenses @i>)x*I#AI
20.1 Zoom Lenses ?96r7C|
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras oOpEpQ}}q
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens (l{8Ix s
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 04Zdg:[3-!
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure w!6 {{m
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses w)+1^eW
21.1 Projection TV Lenses ;QXg*GNAv$
21.2 Macro Lenses cLf 90|YFp
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses Q ^2dZXk ~
22.1 Monochromatic Systems 5 _E8
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22.2 Scanner Lenses }vZf&ib-
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses -^m?%_<50l
HZRFE[ 9nb
23 Tolerance Budgeting ) Su>8f[?e
23.1 The Tolerance Budget )y*&&q
23.2 Additive Tolerances ZL<X* l2
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget x;u#ec4
g: Qq%'
24 Formulary &@oI/i&0B
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions yM@sGz6c!
24.2 The Cardinal Points @iuX~QA[9
24.3 Image Equations (x2 ?{\?
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) h#r~2\q4ei
24.5 Invariants & SbdX
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) #U`AK9rP_g
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships :K O&j"[
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions V*\hGNV
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs V0,J TWc
24.10 Stop Shift Equations yHw @Z
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces $lT8M-yK\
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) )mm0PJF~q
}jC O@v;
t/ Io.d
Glossary ZMg suzg
Reference Zo&i0%S\E
Index
