"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith D>/0v8
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition t2/#&J]
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1 Introduction Wvbf"hq
1.1 Lens Design Books *w^C"^*
1.2 Reference Material =5J7Hw&K
1.3 Specifications P\y Da*m
1.4 Lens Design * W.C7=
1.5 Lens Design Program Features od IV:(
1.6 About This Book JJP08 oP
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2 Automatic Lens Design 10)jsA
2.2 The Merit Function 7&t-pv92*
2.3 Local Minima rM`X?>iT+
2.4 The Landscape Lens $bW3_rl% X
2.5 Types of Merit Function Ov 5"
2.6 Stagnation 'FqQzx"r
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing i!J8 d"
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization UJD 0K]s
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems }#L^! \V }
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits ,F79xx9ufg
2.11 Spectral Weighting ;nep5!s;<
2.12 How to Get Started 8$")%_1]
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3 Improving a Design <v)1<*I
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques QqFR\6
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values )
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3.3 Splitting Elements cJ{ Nh;"
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet m_.>C
3.5 Compounding an Element .:@Ykdm4I
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses )Q1"\\2j0
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ^A!Qc=#z}
3.8 Balancing Aberrations I9/W;#
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3.9 The Symmetrical Principle r"C
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 6V S 4y-N
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design "3Uv]F
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation Mm xlp .l
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance Gr7=:+0n|P
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations t z5e"+T z
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function fmQ_P.c
4.5 Fabrication Considerations c9HrMgW
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5 Lens Design Data h}*/ Ge]aM
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs &,}j #3<
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots G}:w@}h/
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign gbI^2=YT'
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF D>HOn^
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots b<a4'M
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot ]"t@-PFX<
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6 Telescope Objective Sx708`/Ep
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet |uX,5Q#6
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective qlb-
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6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 9{(. Il J>
6.4 Spherochromatism ySx>L uY#3
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration /q<__N
6.6 Induced Aberrations eFaO7mz5V%
6.7 Three-Element Objectives F<L
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6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) (a[y1{DLy
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet G f,`
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design IAw{P08+
6.11 A Final Note )Hpa}FGT
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers VXYK?Qc'
7.1 Eyepieces uehDIl0\[b
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs _oHNkKQ
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces G`n_YH084
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular .} q&5v
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces W yB3ls ~
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces Jl5c
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7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier G+% zn|
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 55tKTpV
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats {>R:v H 8
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 23c 8
8.2 Glass Choice gLE:g5v6
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations Jll-`b 1
8.4 Other Design Considerations rf?qdd(~cH
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens e8pG"`wM8
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet %+j8["VEC
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet j7jCm:
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses p^Ak1qm~e
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces ,u+PyG7 cb
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness {)BTR %t
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9 Split Triplets UJM1VAJ 0
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets n@ C[@?D
10.1 The Classic Tessar tKuVQH~D
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac oXb;w@:
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens E7.2T ^o;M
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets Y&S24aql
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar *1v[kWa?
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats |$vX<. S
11.1 Meniscus Components E~]R2!9
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon }% ` .h"
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens *:Vq:IU[D
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses cki81bOT
11.5 The Split Dagor 7*
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11.6 The Dogmar |G?htZF
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens *v9 2
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens :c8&N-`
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version |y 0(Q V
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens <kGU,@6PF
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet M}yDXJx
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet \P.I)n`8 y
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element sE:M@`2L
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar N+Y]st+
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay &3bx `C
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13 Telephoto Lenses iV &6nh(
13.1 The Basic Telephoto q35f&O;
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses a0D%k: k5
13.3 Telephoto Designs | # 47 O
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch nm6h%}xND<
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses )}"wesNo".
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle f@Zszt
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens aX5
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14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses n/+.s(7c
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses n[G &ksQI
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses czS+<
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16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens n =y[CKS
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens uI1 q>[
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener X*{2[+ <o
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses mt,OniU= Q
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 7cc O93Mz
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17 Microscope Objectives YVHm{A1b0
17.1 General Considerations ?u "
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 6YGubH7%_
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives 9 }PhN<Gd
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 23N w!6S
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 8W,Jh8N6
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems D ,o}el
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors rA%usaW
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems xI($Uu}S
18.3 Catadioptric Systems VJickXA
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems _j< K=){
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids P<M?Qd 1 .
18.6 Unobscured Systems kXi6lh
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” g*03{l#P
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems 05b_)&4R
19.1 Infrared Optics ,
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19.2 IR Objective Lenses ABD)}n=%c
19.3 IR Telescope CG Y]r.O*
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders uRZ ZxZ
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems -*
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses &jslyQ#
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20 Zoom Lenses Ji> o!
20.1 Zoom Lenses :6vm+5!
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras l49*<nkmq
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens <<+\X:,
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens /OLFcxEWh
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure >8WP0 Qx/
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses |wiqGzAr{
21.1 Projection TV Lenses yku5SEJ\
21.2 Macro Lenses WvBc#s-
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses ?[g=F <r
22.1 Monochromatic Systems "B3N* R(["
22.2 Scanner Lenses !F A]
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 1 .D,W1s
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23 Tolerance Budgeting iOU6V
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 1FlX '[vh
23.2 Additive Tolerances r+":' /[x
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget MZSy6v
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24 Formulary *>|gxM8
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions wO'T BP
24.2 The Cardinal Points e1%/2 6\
24.3 Image Equations $8 UUzk
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) $Tu61zq
24.5 Invariants 8u6:=fxb
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) 0ZZZoP o
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships %?}33yV
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 'p> Ra/4
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs +j S|2d
24.10 Stop Shift Equations q8/MMKCbX
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces =G7m)!
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) `A w^H!
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Glossary $*e2YQdLo
Reference ; <&*rnH
Index
