"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith E&9BeU
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition $9bLD
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1 Introduction ~qT5F)$B-
1.1 Lens Design Books &#_c,c;
1.2 Reference Material b*(74 >XY
1.3 Specifications jnho *,X
1.4 Lens Design q8#zv_>K
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 4d-f 6iiFV
1.6 About This Book Bq@_/*'*Y
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2 Automatic Lens Design
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2.2 The Merit Function eb fT%_N
2.3 Local Minima )B)e cJJ_
2.4 The Landscape Lens u0p[ltJ,
2.5 Types of Merit Function ^ZP
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2.6 Stagnation hh#p=Y(f
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing -c4g;;%
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization cao=O
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2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems :8=7)cW
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits P.aN 4 9`=
2.11 Spectral Weighting x,L<{A`z
2.12 How to Get Started /0 CS2mLC
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3 Improving a Design @S9^~W3G3
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques OGcq]ue
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) P8[rp
3.3 Splitting Elements >UNx<=ry
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet c]}F$[>oN'
3.5 Compounding an Element +adwEYRrr
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses _3%eIyk4T
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem ]"ou?ot }
3.8 Balancing Aberrations .7BJq?K.
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle
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3.10 Aspheric Surfaces duQ , 6
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design N2 4J!L
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation y~Z 7sx0
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance WIKSz
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4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations "o)jB~ :L
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function Y#[xX2z9
4.5 Fabrication Considerations m9 41 Y
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5 Lens Design Data }i$ER,hXh
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs _$+BYK@
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots k@Qd:I;;
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign L9{y 1'')
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF q?y-s
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots ;"B@QPX
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot jZr"d*Y
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6 Telescope Objective d0V *[ {
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 70 -nAv
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective .no<#l
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective :lW8f~!
6.4 Spherochromatism O\F$~YQ
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration u.ej<Lo
6.6 Induced Aberrations /Bq4! n+
6.7 Three-Element Objectives " %
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6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 9+#BU$*v
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet Cz|F%>y#
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design ?t)Mt]("
6.11 A Final Note 0oQJ}8t
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers DGbEQiX$\
7.1 Eyepieces y!8m7a
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs / %1-tGh
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 6t =)1T
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular ^P|Zze
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7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces {X 5G
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 4s9q Q8?
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier %6\L^RP
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces !K6:5V%q$
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats T ]x]hQ
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats :{,k F
8.2 Glass Choice Qe =8x7oIP
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations c+{ ar^)*
8.4 Other Design Considerations 3tW}a`z9
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens !i_~<6Wa7
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet 3"Zc|Ck <?
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet
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8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses `-MCI)Fq_R
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 5(t hD Z !
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness b#- =D be
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9 Split Triplets JFdMYb
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets i 0u `J
10.1 The Classic Tessar K5 EJ#1ov
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 5/R
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10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens #+H3b!8=
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets !?" pnKb}
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar tzY?LX[3
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats Tol V3
11.1 Meniscus Components 9"?;H%.
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon >>c%I c
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens Pv|sPIIB7
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses Yyw9IYB;
11.5 The Split Dagor 1:RK~_E
11.6 The Dogmar b/_u\R
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11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens \*M;W|8aB
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens .l,]yWwfK
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version XqGa]/;}
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens *^KEb")$
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ]@m`bs_6
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet r`$P60,@C
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element K#Xl)h}y7
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar Bjh8uW
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12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay cfPp>EK
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13 Telephoto Lenses He%v 4S
13.1 The Basic Telephoto '!`| H 3
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses 7X8*7'.2
13.3 Telephoto Designs Q9c*I ,O j
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch _88X-~.
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses *uSlp_;kB
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle lt yhYPS
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens K+d{R=s^
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses `4e| I.`^r
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses 4&%E?_M
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ,4k3C#!. i
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens <nK@+4EH"o
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens h*Mt{A&'.&
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener cYvt!M\ed
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses oFhBq0@
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ] z2x`P^oI
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17 Microscope Objectives L 3\( <[
17.1 General Considerations @V&HE:P
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front Od~ e*gA8
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives t.
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17.4 Reflecting Objectives \mZB*k)+
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs {] .]`#4Jx
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems =@&>r5W1
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors a
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18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems F0" ("4h:
18.3 Catadioptric Systems jAovzZ6BL
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems O_ vH w^
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids xiL+s-
18.6 Unobscured Systems ,Y16m{<eC
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” WEoD ?GLS8
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems 6W ~JM^F
19.1 Infrared Optics 8Q0 /kG
19.2 IR Objective Lenses * ^XMf
19.3 IR Telescope I}|E_U1Qj
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders Iu(] i?Y
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems i2-]Xl
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses NBAOVYK
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20 Zoom Lenses ? m9=Me
20.1 Zoom Lenses -=n!k^?lK
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras +Y2D @K?)
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens > "z`))9
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens "`mG_qHI[
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure yTN HM_P
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses O&#>i]*V
21.1 Projection TV Lenses b8[
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21.2 Macro Lenses Pa=xc>m^
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses mR|']^!SE
22.1 Monochromatic Systems )`2ncb
22.2 Scanner Lenses ^f 0-w`D
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses .bRtK+}F#
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23 Tolerance Budgeting Pj* ]%V
23.1 The Tolerance Budget :*R+ee,& -
23.2 Additive Tolerances G @]n(\7Y
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget ?;Da%VS3
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24 Formulary ZTj!ti;5
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions {bC(>k|CQ
24.2 The Cardinal Points k4!p))ql
24.3 Image Equations '5A&c(
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) DYrci?8Ith
24.5 Invariants 7f*b5$+r
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) !Q}Bz*Y
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships 0IHAoV60
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions <p?oFD_e4
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs {cjp8W8hS
24.10 Stop Shift Equations #WE
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24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces ' b6qEU#
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) K.}jyhKIKi
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Glossary Q91mCP~$
Reference .eCUvX`$
Index
