"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith I(7iD. ^:
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition @ % L
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1 Introduction &-Wt!X 3
1.1 Lens Design Books O|=?!|`o
1.2 Reference Material c!wRq 4
1.3 Specifications C(B"@
1.4 Lens Design VBDb K|
1.5 Lens Design Program Features C6a-
1.6 About This Book DBcR1c&<H
XP}5i!}}7=
2 Automatic Lens Design dz/fSA
2.2 The Merit Function !A%
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2.3 Local Minima 1D8S }=5&
2.4 The Landscape Lens w_@{v wM$A
2.5 Types of Merit Function H*3u]Ebh
2.6 Stagnation _ eBNbO_J
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing ps,Kj3^T<
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization ;'V[8`Z@
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems 0Qvr
g+
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits Ps\4k#aOv
2.11 Spectral Weighting !.O[@A\.-
2.12 How to Get Started 7]5~ml3:
bDh 4p ]lm
3 Improving a Design )z z{~Cf
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques v*JKLA
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) z@\mn
3.3 Splitting Elements E)jd>"
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet A=|a!N/
3.5 Compounding an Element o_Y?s+~i[/
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses +N+117m
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem [qkW/qS
3.8 Balancing Aberrations g5Io=e@s
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle <6+B;brh
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces Ev [?5 R
#> lbpw
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design k$J!, !q
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation = B;qy7?
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance
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4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations $J)`Ru6.
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function udr|6EjD.
4.5 Fabrication Considerations *,O3@,+>H
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5 Lens Design Data $qZ6i
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ZK'W KC
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots KOXG= P0
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign )*u o tV
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF $/#[, 1
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots +=|%9%
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot AOcUr)
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6 Telescope Objective oVbs^sbRH
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet &1 yErGXC
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ..'"kX:5
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective T5T[$ %]6
6.4 Spherochromatism :ntAU2)H
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration Zn)o@'{}{
6.6 Induced Aberrations Ujvm|ml
6.7 Three-Element Objectives ]S9Z 5l0
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) j%] sym
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet D[6sy`5l
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design wnXU =
6.11 A Final Note ){,M v:#+T
W}zq 9|p
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers c0&! S-4M
7.1 Eyepieces LXrk5>9
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 8$iHd
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces t *Z5 {
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular FoZI0p?L)9
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces j!k$SDA-
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces /6y{ ?0S
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier !a!4^zqp
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces tr/.pw6
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats $X\2h+ O s
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats ZzR0k
8.2 Glass Choice L|-|DOgw
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations `}$bJCSF.n
8.4 Other Design Considerations aAn p 7\7
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens Z:x`][vg
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet i=P}i8,^ =
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet rqm":N8@
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 3tkC mB
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces f;,*P,K
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness L@Qvj-5e
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9 Split Triplets )_o^d>$da
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets -G_3B(]`
10.1 The Classic Tessar ]EQ*!
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac >/%XP_q%`e
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens v|]"uPxH?
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets ty%,T.@e
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar UFj!7gX ]
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats TpYh)=;k
11.1 Meniscus Components `Nz`5}8.?
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon NB.'>Sar
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens \&Bdi6xAy
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses - 2 8bJ,
11.5 The Split Dagor , \RR@~u'
11.6 The Dogmar ;/+U.I%z
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens ^7;s4q
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens # M!1W5#
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version ,]n~j-X
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens pNmWBp|ER
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet V 7ZGT
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet Y)(yw \&v
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element e VQ-? DK
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar : Y9/} b{
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay 6'<[QoW];
d 79 2#Dc
13 Telephoto Lenses PQh s^D
13.1 The Basic Telephoto PqF&[M<)
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses uq54+zC
13.3 Telephoto Designs pe3;pRh'
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch ^7=7V0>,:
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses asCcBp
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle SZ R`uS
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens M,bs`amz
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses A%^7D.j
E'SDT*EI
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses {c*5 )x!
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses BIe:7cR%
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens a1_ o
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens S R?(z
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener .|s,':hA
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses [8[<4~{
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems h@(+(fVHrp
x)eoz2E1
17 Microscope Objectives & "hEKIqL
17.1 General Considerations *0Fz." v
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 3Z &!zSK^
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives Z{yH:{Vk
17.4 Reflecting Objectives lNWP9?X
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs gxAy{
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems zZ<*
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors ae]6F_Qtc*
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems ~<s^HP2U{
18.3 Catadioptric Systems rzLW @k
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems
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18.5 Confocal Paraboloids LNHi }P~
18.6 Unobscured Systems 8?YeaMIBB
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” BfVh\ lkH
9
Qa_3+. B
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems <1<xSr
19.1 Infrared Optics WjM7s]ZRv
19.2 IR Objective Lenses .q[}e);)
19.3 IR Telescope ylQj2B,CB
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders `<M>"~W
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses
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UP
20 Zoom Lenses ;DR5?N/a
20.1 Zoom Lenses }<l:~-y|
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras +{I" e,Nk
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens K :~tZ
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens =adHP|S
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ftl?x'P%
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses %d(= >
21.1 Projection TV Lenses C"_ Roir?
21.2 Macro Lenses ;B[(~LCyT
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses CS(2bj^6 D
22.1 Monochromatic Systems hh*('n>[
22.2 Scanner Lenses jC{KI!kPt
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses &) ;P|v`8
NVsa V;u
23 Tolerance Budgeting u'>94Gm}
23.1 The Tolerance Budget 5r~jo7
23.2 Additive Tolerances -57~7
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23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget 1# z@D (
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24 Formulary ctLNzJes%
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions LyWY\K a
24.2 The Cardinal Points +{V`{'
24.3 Image Equations >0<n%V#s:r
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ov;^ev,(
24.5 Invariants Ef 28
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) IM/xBP
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships PoPR34] ^J
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions vg D+Y
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs =|ODa/2 p
24.10 Stop Shift Equations .SER,],P
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces gD4vV '|
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) hd~#I<8;2
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#5z0~M g-X
Glossary L~Peerby
Reference 3]mpr X'
Index
