"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith wLAGe'GX
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition $5z
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1 Introduction ~9#\+[ d_
1.1 Lens Design Books B9`nV.a
1.2 Reference Material =P\H}?PF
1.3 Specifications #(FG+Bk
1.4 Lens Design _fz-fG 1
1.5 Lens Design Program Features ,YX[6eZr
1.6 About This Book qiV#T+\
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2 Automatic Lens Design CS"2Sd 1`
2.2 The Merit Function HA&][%^
2.3 Local Minima ymT&[+V
2.4 The Landscape Lens a]|P rjPI
2.5 Types of Merit Function C s?kZ
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2.6 Stagnation @5K/z<p%
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing 3N|,c]|
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization W2J"W=:z
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems BY.'0,H=k
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits yeqZPzn
2.11 Spectral Weighting MYFRrcu;
2.12 How to Get Started j4$XAq~W
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3 Improving a Design g|tnYN
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques WBLfxr
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) Ho9 a#9
3.3 Splitting Elements UaA6
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet kaQn'5
3.5 Compounding an Element Z6\OkD
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses # kl?ww U
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem }A;J-7g6
3.8 Balancing Aberrations h lD0^8S
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle 48nZ
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3.10 Aspheric Surfaces P#-Ye<V~J(
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design `6koQZm
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation Z%Q[W}iD
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 6 6WAD$8$
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations IFYGl
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function A I}29L3C
4.5 Fabrication Considerations | z=:D*uh~
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5 Lens Design Data 9ar+P h@*
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs gf7%vyMo$
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ;2y3i5^k
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign Z;`ts/?SY]
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF ohklLZoZ
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots GY%lPp
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot Cg^=&1|
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6 Telescope Objective ZE863M@.
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet ^=Q/H
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective U0G(
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective %H Pwu &
6.4 Spherochromatism Li)rs<IX;m
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration b7 %Z~
6.6 Induced Aberrations ,\ [R\s
6.7 Three-Element Objectives .6z8fjttOC
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ?_*X\En*3
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet w'E&w)Z]
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design C)66^l!x
6.11 A Final Note L q<#
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers #m[R1G#
7.1 Eyepieces _{0'3tI7
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 706-QE^
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces mDZ/Kp{
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular .BP@1K
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 9cQZ`Ex
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces Q |,(C0<G
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier r/o1a't;
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces MHNuA,cz
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 3VNYDY`>
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats x{y}pH "H
8.2 Glass Choice .)J7 \z8m
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations 03Czx `
8.4 Other Design Considerations 9n\:grW
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens OI:G~Wg
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet #pDWwnP[rt
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet IL*Ghq{/
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses +ZOjbI)
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Y~vyCU5nWR
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness ?}p~8{ '
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9 Split Triplets tgk] sQY
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets ,i0Dw"/u
10.1 The Classic Tessar C]/]ot0%t
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 39Nz>Nu:
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens i" 0]L5=P
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets &!Sq6<!v2
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar !j8.JP}!)
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats DAYR=s
11.1 Meniscus Components .tRp
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon -;T!d
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens ITpo:"X g
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses LdAWCBLS
11.5 The Split Dagor I$yFCd Xr
11.6 The Dogmar e'"2yA8dh"
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens XR2Gw4]
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens OGA_3|[S
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version NJ%>|`FEi7
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens /?(\6Z_A
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet R9+0ZoS
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet )I&,kH)+
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element HRP
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar Ddu1>"p-x
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay d `eX_] Z
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13 Telephoto Lenses TPE1}8p17
13.1 The Basic Telephoto z?Hi
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13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses +)J;4B
13.3 Telephoto Designs z8VcV*6
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch <I
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses ab-z 7g
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle Qk5pRoL_
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens
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14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses ,_wpYTl*X
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses Fy6(N{hql
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 4`X]$.
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens Qq7%{`<}
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens o&U'zaj
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener ":I@>t{H*
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses s@$SM,tnn
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems " z8iuF
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17 Microscope Objectives TWU[/>K
17.1 General Considerations kq$0~lNI$
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front @A.7`*i_
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives c'!+]'Lr
17.4 Reflecting Objectives O-3R#sZ0
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs ,%^qzoZnT
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems [gkOwU=?
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors [Dq@(Q s'
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems C
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18.3 Catadioptric Systems .Ce0yAl~
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems QJH((
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids ABIQi[A
18.6 Unobscured Systems Y2!P!u+Q
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” hy}n&h
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems EYy|JT]B
19.1 Infrared Optics p=T6Ix'_2e
19.2 IR Objective Lenses F2^qf
19.3 IR Telescope e~1$x`DH
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders Ib}~Q@?2
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems }Q1m
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses Qd"R@+i
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20 Zoom Lenses K&IHt?vh!
20.1 Zoom Lenses JY0}#FtgV
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras *eEn8rAr
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens &0Bs?oq_
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens
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20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure E]&tgZO
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses _|C T|q
21.1 Projection TV Lenses TjWMdoU$J
21.2 Macro Lenses 08W^
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses }nt,DG!r
22.1 Monochromatic Systems f1wwx|b%.
22.2 Scanner Lenses V }wh
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses @"vTz8oY@
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23 Tolerance Budgeting b|-7EI>l9
23.1 The Tolerance Budget jlM%Y
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23.2 Additive Tolerances rhH !-`m
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget ApotRr$)
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24 Formulary omZ
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24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions Bc1MKE5
24.2 The Cardinal Points 'Im&&uSkr
24.3 Image Equations HI!bq%TZ4
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) lj+}5ySG/
24.5 Invariants G&\!!i|IQ
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) FZ@8&T
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships G&,2>qxKR
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions `\Hs{t]
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs )A*Sl2ew
24.10 Stop Shift Equations jx-8%dxtZ
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces |7:{vA5
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) wg{Y6XyH
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Glossary x5YHmvy/l
Reference [+
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Index