"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith 4OaU1Y[
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition l+A)MJd oj
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1 Introduction lz7?Z
1.1 Lens Design Books TtQ'I}7q
1.2 Reference Material (QTF+~)
1.3 Specifications 0,/I2!dF?
1.4 Lens Design $ *Kr4vh
1.5 Lens Design Program Features vh#81}@N7*
1.6 About This Book uCr :+"C
oo\7\b#J x
2 Automatic Lens Design &,l(2z[
2.2 The Merit Function ^6On^k[|fw
2.3 Local Minima ; ,}Dh/&E
2.4 The Landscape Lens Fq$r>tmV
2.5 Types of Merit Function J%u,qF}h
2.6 Stagnation v YJ9G"E
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing Zz1nXUZ
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization ]9N&I/-
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems jF}-dfe
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits E<l/o5<nC
2.11 Spectral Weighting iInWw"VbKe
2.12 How to Get Started F8S>L d
s IFE:/1,
3 Improving a Design 3K=%I+G(4
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ]rG/?1'^i
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) b'W.l1]<-
3.3 Splitting Elements byFO^pce
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet ]OtnekkK$
3.5 Compounding an Element E<jW; trt_
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses W,|+Dl
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem i! x>) E
3.8 Balancing Aberrations kH5D%`Kw
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle g#MLA5%=u
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces ~Pj q3etk
[l3ys
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design <5? pa 3
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation _u+ 7>
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance VV{>Kq+&,v
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 2t4\L3
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function WfD fj
4.5 Fabrication Considerations ZfH +Iqd
AhD C5ue=
5 Lens Design Data F"bz<{
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs o] X t2E
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 0k#7LubWZl
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign +fvD1xHI
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF ae2Q^yLA
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots $~S~pvT
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot Q~tXT_
b[GhI+_
6 Telescope Objective 0-uw3U<
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet H %c 6I
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective p#Cjk L
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 1~'jC8&J
6.4 Spherochromatism $&=xw _
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 6\ yBA_ z
6.6 Induced Aberrations i!zFW-*5
6.7 Three-Element Objectives |{&M#qXe
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) >{N}UNZ$}
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet FpiTQC7d
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design d=n@#|3
6.11 A Final Note @AF<Xp{
z)S6f79`Q
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers PJcfiRa'jQ
7.1 Eyepieces 1$8@CT^m
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs <:V~_j6P0
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces Bb:C^CHIQm
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular L;*
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7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces +ID\u
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7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces A*eVz]i,k&
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier .07` nIs"
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 0|RofL&o
d)e mTXB(
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ~\mh \a&
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats +4.s4&f)
8.2 Glass Choice !( rAI
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations 4 WJY+)
8.4 Other Design Considerations >UMxlvTg&
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens B
ytx.[zbX
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet ~ %8P0AP
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet P&uSh?[ ^
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses !+Xul_XG
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces P{-- R\
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 0eNdKE
W|7|XO
9 Split Triplets bDM },(
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets V6X )L>!xx
10.1 The Classic Tessar RbX9PF"|+
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 1>OlBp
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens !1G
KpL
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 7ocUFY0"
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar N#K)Z5J)b
${Mz O i
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats hhze5_$_
11.1 Meniscus Components kU[hB1D5
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon .`}TND~
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens zak\%yY`
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses Z 0fa;%:
11.5 The Split Dagor [zx|3wWAX-
11.6 The Dogmar >jX "
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens W;Y^ (f
p L"{Uqi
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens b^VRpv
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version ~;3yjO)l?)
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens c,xdkiy3
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet q<
XFw-Pv
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet DjM*U52Yfj
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element ~t)cbF(UO
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar *S ag
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay cu N9R G
Y(g_h:lf,]
13 Telephoto Lenses y:RW:D&
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 8>9Mh!t}(I
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses (oG YnN,2
13.3 Telephoto Designs !0W(f.A{K
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch @G" nkB
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6 s
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses .; F<X \_
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle |9jK-F6
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens )8A.Wg4S;c
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses KL'1)G"OH
M0w Uis:`
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses '2.ey33V
-D~K9u]U_
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses E7L>5z
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens :1A:g^n
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens 1
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16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener c["1t1G
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses !|Q&4NS
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems tnJ7m8JmC
8\rca:cF
17 Microscope Objectives "z{/*uM2<
17.1 General Considerations G}8tFo. d1
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front #c:s 2EL
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives Zi~.
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 5-X$"Z|@
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs uOA/r@7I}S
8g0 #WV
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 3gUY13C}:p
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors !, BJO3&
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems 6{I7)@>N
18.3 Catadioptric Systems G`!,>n 3
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems VZi1b0k1.
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids sE?%;uBb
18.6 Unobscured Systems 1Vy8eI`4
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” KR ( apO
@} r*KF-
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems Z?+ )ox
19.1 Infrared Optics RnkV)ed(
19.2 IR Objective Lenses FEk9a^Xyx
19.3 IR Telescope BQ6$T&
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders }!iopu
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems PA^*|^;Xh
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses jWUrw
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20 Zoom Lenses SD^::bH
20.1 Zoom Lenses @ym:@<D
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras
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20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 8XH;<z<oJ
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens jA,y.(mR
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure e8`d<U
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 5S4 Nx>
21.1 Projection TV Lenses (f&V 7n
21.2 Macro Lenses cIO/8D#zU
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses JY c:@\
22.1 Monochromatic Systems Q, .dIPla
22.2 Scanner Lenses oc"p5Y3,Os
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses q?j7bp]
&- p(3$jn7
23 Tolerance Budgeting | d*<4-:
23.1 The Tolerance Budget @g[ijs\
23.2 Additive Tolerances L"YQji!
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget f4S}Nga(
@>z.chM;
24 Formulary }!K
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24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions F7} yt
24.2 The Cardinal Points $D`Kz*/.
24.3 Image Equations yFAUD
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24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ?.,F3@W "
24.5 Invariants A@3'I ;
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) J)g
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24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships y0 vo-Q
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions ;R+Gf!1
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs b|87=1^m[
24.10 Stop Shift Equations D Z~ 036
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces s3Bo'hGxG
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) eF;Jj>\R+i
F~v0CBcAL
pp|$y\ZzB
Glossary =>S[Dh
Reference sB0]lj-[Un
Index
