"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith xZMAX}8 v
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition 2
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1 Introduction |f[:mO
1.1 Lens Design Books 6#2E {uy;R
1.2 Reference Material H<3a yp$
1.3 Specifications B}d)e_u Lj
1.4 Lens Design )5s-"o<
1.5 Lens Design Program Features "Qe2U(Un
1.6 About This Book F:G
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2 Automatic Lens Design 6"o@d8>v
2.2 The Merit Function p xQh;w
2.3 Local Minima v<]$,V]
2.4 The Landscape Lens G>+iisb%
2.5 Types of Merit Function d((,R@N'
2.6 Stagnation E@)9'?q
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing S\A9r!2
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization 'u %SI]*;>
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems dYp} R>+
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 8wzQr2:
2.11 Spectral Weighting Y:5Gp8Vi
2.12 How to Get Started ju/#V}N
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3 Improving a Design .$r7q [
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques &jF[f4:7
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) ~qb-uT\(99
3.3 Splitting Elements yJHFo[wGMJ
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet ]Cc8[Z C
3.5 Compounding an Element TZE;$:1vx>
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses !;&{Q^ }
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem P<R'S
3.8 Balancing Aberrations q<Wz9lDMNR
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle R"{oj]d;$F
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces C,dRd EB>
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design #j6qq3OG
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation J]$]zD
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance K]Z];C#)
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations .OvH<%g!.
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function Nvj KB)J
4.5 Fabrication Considerations |&0 Cuwt
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5 Lens Design Data hXP'NS`iv
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs p!p:LSk"/b
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots "I^pb.3
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign K}Rq<z W
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF ;cW9NS3:
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots 9{n?Jy
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot 4[f>kY%[
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6 Telescope Objective JReJlDu
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet C4t@;U=x
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective {{e+t8J??
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective }Uunlz<
6.4 Spherochromatism sn:wLc/GAd
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 0^zp*u
6.6 Induced Aberrations mu&%ph=
6.7 Three-Element Objectives a X(Y
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6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) $}Ky6sBnvO
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 5s=L5]]r_j
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design hG lRf_{
6.11 A Final Note > R2o7~
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers `ouCQ]tKz
7.1 Eyepieces }#QYZ nR
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 3`DwKv `+
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces J nf@u
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular aj@<4A=;
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces E0<$zP}V}F
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces SW*Y u{
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier 9|1J pb
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces w2o5+G=
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats g)Dg=3+>
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats VW *d*!
8.2 Glass Choice !d 3:`l<
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations X1~ WQ?ww
8.4 Other Design Considerations guWX$C-+1
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens R}Z2rbt
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet y?yWM8
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Fd/.\s
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses r@]iy78
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8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces u(Y?2R
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness . z&,d&E
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9 Split Triplets @6:J$B~)u
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets LKe ~
10.1 The Classic Tessar kC4}@{4i
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac n6s[q- td
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens !w=6>B^
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 6F4OISy%3
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar x^P ~+(g
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats B_#U |10et
11.1 Meniscus Components Hlye:.$
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon w@"l0gm+u[
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens K1*]6x,
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses T9=55tpG9
11.5 The Split Dagor 3pk `&'
11.6 The Dogmar 55]E<2't
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens Y <EdFzle
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens B$ @fE}
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version z;d]=PT
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens Ed=]RR 4R
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ~k[q:$ T
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet ohj(1jt
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element RbGq$vYol/
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 5zR9N>!c
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay t
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13 Telephoto Lenses i% eq! q
13.1 The Basic Telephoto |#_`aT"
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses ( 17=|s
13.3 Telephoto Designs v<c@bDZ>
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch :*MqYny&
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses :^oF0,-qZ
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle I? o)X!
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens 3 A>Bnb
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses 2 N$yn
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses s#*T( pY
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 6~_ TXy/
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens tjIT4
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens b ?-VZA:
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener Y4.t :Uzr
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses q" aUA_}\
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 8kwe ._&)
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17 Microscope Objectives ;mw$(ZKa#
17.1 General Considerations ?6=u[))M&
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 2Yt+[T*
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives V<%eWT)x7C
17.4 Reflecting Objectives bm:"&U*tu'
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs @ZUrr_|
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 50l ! f7
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors ,|r%tNh<8$
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems -lNq.pp3-$
18.3 Catadioptric Systems bb ]r
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems Sb;=YW
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18.5 Confocal Paraboloids eXdE ?j
18.6 Unobscured Systems [~[)C]-=
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” f,_EPh>
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems 6pCQ P
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19.1 Infrared Optics ~O s1ir.
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ^[]@d k9
19.3 IR Telescope Bl rZ<\-/
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 6|-V{
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems #rkz:ir4
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses X5hamkM*m
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20 Zoom Lenses I \DH
20.1 Zoom Lenses E1& 9( L5
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras UHh7x%$n
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens P wY~L3,
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens C =6.~&(
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ^DW vzfj
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 4|#@41\ B
21.1 Projection TV Lenses nbECEQ:|B
21.2 Macro Lenses */ 7+pk(
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses oXxY$x*R1
22.1 Monochromatic Systems oY K( =j
22.2 Scanner Lenses mz'r<v2Tc
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 7`c\~_Df_
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23 Tolerance Budgeting ,3As
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23.1 The Tolerance Budget Duu)8ru
23.2 Additive Tolerances Q^H8gsv
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget ~g|Z6-?4Jj
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24 Formulary pmIOV~K
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions R|&Rq(ow"
24.2 The Cardinal Points fQkfU;5
24.3 Image Equations 1_of;=9V
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) Mkj`
24.5 Invariants )#H&lH
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) ? +q(,P@*
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships @5rl; C
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions o^!_S5zKe.
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs RZgkl EU
24.10 Stop Shift Equations {#_CzI.0f
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces %lbDcEsf9
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) @F-InfB8.
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Glossary {PTB]D'
Reference ]2 7
Index
