"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith F9K`N8wlu
stUv!
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition MZ-;'w&Z
5CN=a2&
1 Introduction |gP) lR
1.1 Lens Design Books #<9'{i3
1.2 Reference Material d$bO.t5CLh
1.3 Specifications ?&eS }skL
1.4 Lens Design JU^Y27
1.5 Lens Design Program Features n/Fxjf0W
1.6 About This Book OEjX(F3=
U2<q dknB
2 Automatic Lens Design 6wwbH}*=?
2.2 The Merit Function 1R~$m
2.3 Local Minima '[F`!X
2.4 The Landscape Lens ro<w8V9.a
2.5 Types of Merit Function .u#Hg'o P
2.6 Stagnation mIYKzu_k=
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing Qu=b-9
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization sGtxqnX:J
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems JluA?B7E
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits *k,3@_5
2.11 Spectral Weighting i*mU<:t
2.12 How to Get Started x/M$_E<G
h;+O96V4.
3 Improving a Design Bl6I@w
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 2SD
Z
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) RS}_cm0
3.3 Splitting Elements !w%c=V]tV
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet db_?da;!`
3.5 Compounding an Element xPUukmG:B
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses t855|
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem 'R+^+urq^
3.8 Balancing Aberrations fDB.r$|d
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle %pOz%v~
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces YB4
ZI
P(7el
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design &(,&mE
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation \{ QH^
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance i>h3UIx\
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations UF5_be,D
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function TK'
5NM+4
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 3-:^mRPJ
I
F!xZ6X8
5 Lens Design Data z5iCQ4C<
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs !BkE-9v?w
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots vW*Mf}=
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign p7`9
d1n
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF Y]`=cR`/"
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots > _sSni
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot @"fv[=Xb
s-WZ3g
6 Telescope Objective 8i73iTg(
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet _^b\#Jz4U3
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective ti9e(Jt!O
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective &XCd2
6.4 Spherochromatism r-EIoZ"P
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration mMZ{W+"[f
6.6 Induced Aberrations Hn)?
xw]x
6.7 Three-Element Objectives db1ZNw
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) sRcd{)|Cq
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet jmq^98jB
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design -wC}JVVcK
6.11 A Final Note 6o6yx:
^vG<Ma.yk
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers MH'%E^n `
7.1 Eyepieces (oy@j{G)c6
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs (_}q>3
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces DpmAB.
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular Z*q&^/N
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces h+H+>,N8`
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 8(K:2
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ,|\\C6s
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces wo(O+L/w
|-/@3gPO
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats m2(}$z3e
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats [W$Mn.5<s
8.2 Glass Choice -b?M5P*:
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ;2g.X(Ra
8.4 Other Design Considerations pd: YR;
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens DcaKGjp
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet r 56~s5A
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet s1W n.OGR4
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 0$Mxu7 /
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces _IU5HT}2
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness TeZu*c
^hZ0"c
9 Split Triplets .c<U5/
5 8;OTDR!
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets X{!,j}
10.1 The Classic Tessar Xqm?@JN
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac E x_dqko
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens 'M? ptu?f
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 'NjeF6
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar 5GJkvZtFY
l>
H'PP~
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats ckP AH E@
11.1 Meniscus Components SbL7e#!!
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon ti1R6oSn
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens $;ny`^8
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses a $'U?%
11.5 The Split Dagor A9ld9R
11.6 The Dogmar _hJ+8B^`
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens s-SFu
xgNV0;g,
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 6A>bm{`c:
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 'cS| BT
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens %UooZO
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet A\7sP =
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet @Bkg<
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element 0lq?l:/
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar K9ih(fh)
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay $1s>efP-
~n0Exw(
13 Telephoto Lenses :si&A;k
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 8VG~n?y
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses &l-d_dh
13.3 Telephoto Designs "#8^":,4
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch I=[0 9o
I}y6ke!
xo
^|d3
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses dKDCJt]t
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 7bGt'gvv
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens SV95g@
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses kMEXg zl
t^6ams$
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses d= vD Pf
(A}c22qe
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ~pI`_3
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens I)*J,hs1
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens 0$yHO2 f
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener zC[LcC*+J
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses $j(4FyH\
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems fyx Q{J
L4u.cHJ}0
17 Microscope Objectives Pq-@waH3
17.1 General Considerations ~_ovQ4@
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front kwS[,Qy\
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives Ew{N2
17.4 Reflecting Objectives 67Tu8I/r
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 0&&P+adk
l.}gWN9-
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems Fo
,8"m
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors <0l:B;3
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems wt_ae|hv
18.3 Catadioptric Systems \0qFOjVj
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems vj#m#1\f
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 0U.Ld:
18.6 Unobscured Systems l`j@QP
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” [>j.x2=
NLgeBLB
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems 8|hi2Qeu,c
19.1 Infrared Optics %$_?%X0=t
19.2 IR Objective Lenses NY[48H
19.3 IR Telescope <X97W\
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders ~g~`,:Qc
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems bhZ5-wo4%
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses q}g0-Da
vL "noLs
20 Zoom Lenses =7-kD3
20.1 Zoom Lenses %uP/v\l
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 8L@@UUjr
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens {+9t!'
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens N=8CVI
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure 3VQmo\li
hGUQdTNP
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses f,-'eW/j
21.1 Projection TV Lenses ,
d4i0;2}+
21.2 Macro Lenses ) I.uqG
q|
*nd!y'
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses ydzvjp=
22.1 Monochromatic Systems fjQIuM
22.2 Scanner Lenses L#_QrR6Sny
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses "MOmJYH
R*vfp?x
23 Tolerance Budgeting bXHtw}n
23.1 The Tolerance Budget <g8{LG0
23.2 Additive Tolerances ].gC9@C:$i
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget `
-<S13
iW?NxP
24 Formulary )YLZ"@
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions <|a9r: [
24.2 The Cardinal Points m{6*ae
24.3 Image Equations 6y@o[=m
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) BUsAEwM
24.5 Invariants lWU? R
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) X=JAyxY
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships Fi+,omB&
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions gLg\W3TOi
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 00A2[gO9
24.10 Stop Shift Equations V4%7Xj
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces n]wZ7z
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) t\<*Q3rl-
8GT{vW9
4wwRNu*
Glossary nyd'79~>G
Reference W4AFa>h
Index