AutoLISP语言作为AutoCAD的二次开发工具,虽然在功能、运行速度和保密性等方面比起ARX等工具要逊色一些,但由于它易学易用,交互性好,灵活性强,对于那些经常使用AutoCAD进行绘图的普通用户来说,不失为一种理想的开发工具。下面就介绍用AutoLISP语言自定义的几个AutoCAD绘图命令,可以起到简化操作、提高作图效率的作用。 `/G9*tIR8g
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一、键槽尺寸视图的绘制命令“jct” (j%"iQD
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在绘制轴、齿轮或带轮等零件图时,经常需要画轴上键槽处的剖视图或轮毂键槽的端面视图,比较麻烦;由于键槽的尺寸随轴径的变化而变化,所以我们可以用LISP程序来实现自动绘图。加载下面的程序,在命令行中键入”jct”并回车,通过人机交互的形式输入有关参数,可自动完成轴上键槽的剖视图和轮毂键槽的端面视图的绘制。代码示例如下所示。 6 G,cc
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(defun C:jct () >qMzQw2
(setq pt0 (getpoint "\n 请输入视图的中心位置点:")) X2 <fS~m
(initget 7) l?X)]1
(setq loop T) *I9O63
(while loop |*~SR.[`
(setq d (getreal "\n请输入键槽处的轴径(12(if(or (< d 12) (> d 130)) c'wU$xt.w
(alert "轴径数据输入错误!\n\n请重新输入!") C40o_1g
(setq loop nil) U.N?cKv
);if #GzowI'
);while \%&eDE 0
(cond;根据轴径检索键槽尺寸 H'&[kgnQ@
((and (> d 12) (<= d 17)) (setq b 5 t1 3.0 t2 2.3));b表示键槽的宽度 H4<Q}([w
((and (> d 17) (<= d 22)) (setq b 6 t1 3.5 t2 2.8));t1表示轴上键槽的深度 &W{v(@
((and (> d 22) (<= d 30)) (setq b 8 t1 4.0 t2 3.3));t2表示轮毂上键槽的高度 f'TEua_`
((and (> d 30) (<= d 38)) (setq b 10 t1 5.0 t2 3.3)) _7'5I A
((and (> d 38) (<= d 44)) (setq b 12 t1 5.0 t2 3.3))
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((and (> d 44) (<= d 50)) (setq b 14 t1 5.5 t2 3.8)) b8glZb*$
((and (> d 50) (<= d 58)) (setq b 16 t1 6.0 t2 4.3)) #tA/)Jvi
((and (> d 58) (<= d 65)) (setq b 18 t1 7.0 t2 4.4)) @]Lu"h#u=
((and (> d 65) (<= d 75)) (setq b 20 t1 7.5 t2 4.9)) xL"O~jTS
((and (> d 75) (<= d 85)) (setq b 22 t1 9.0 t2 5.4)) d-TpY*v
((and (> d 85) (<= d 95)) (setq b 25 t1 9.0 t2 5.4)) -!
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((and (> d 95) (<= d 110)) (setq b 28 t1 10.0 t2 6.4)) ]AX3ov6z9;
((and (> d 110) (<= d 130)) (setq b 32 t1 11.0 t2 7.4))) ~nApRC)0
(command "circle" pt0 "d" d) \jx3Fs:Q
(command "zoom" "a") BO.Db``
(setq s1 (ssget "l" )) 0B:
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(setq di (-(* (/ d 2.0) (/ d 2.0)) (* (/ b 2.0) (/ b 2.0))) -B?cF9
dx (sqrt di) Gr#WD=I-}
dy (/ b 2.0) -,2CMS#N
pt1 (list (+ (car pt0) dx) (+ (cadr pt0) dy))) z, n[}Q#u
(initget "Zc Lc");Zc表示画轴键槽的剖视图,Lc表示画轮毂键槽的端面视图 %^[D+1ULb
(setq zrl (getkword "\n 画轴键槽的剖视图还是轮毂键槽的端面视图(Z/L)?")) HEw&'
(if (= zrl "Zc") d{Owz&PL
(progn;计算轴键槽上点的坐标 OsKtxtLO
(setq pt2 (list (+ (car pt0) (-(/ d 2.0) t1)) (+ (cadr pt0) dy)) _tE55X&
pt3 (polar pt2 (- (/ pi 2.0)) b) /*MioaQB}p
pt4 (polar pt3 0 (- dx (- (/ d 2.0) t1)))) ^9kx3Pw?8
);progn uaZHM@D
);if n}c~+0`un
(if (= zrl "Lc") $=) Pky-~
(progn;计算轮毂键槽上点的坐标 ~0@fK<C)O
(setq pt2 (list (+ (car pt0) (+(/ d 2.0) t2)) (+ (cadr pt0) dy)) qw{`?1[+
pt3 (polar pt2 (- (/ pi 2.0)) b) ]J@-,FFC
pt4 (polar pt3 (- pi) (- (+ (/ d 2.0) t2) dx))) %`YR+J/V
);progn -!}3bl*(7
);if z"Mk(d@-E
(command "pline" pt1 pt2 pt3 pt4 "");画键槽 ;; ;=)'o
(setq s2 (ssget "l")) lc3Gu78 A/
(command "layer" "m" 5 "l" "center" 5 "c" 1 5 "") SmIcqM
(command "ltscale" 8) AREjS$
(command "line" (polar pt0 (- pi) (+ (/ d 2.0) 10));画中心线 <y?=;54a
(polar pt0 0 (+ (/ d 2.0) 10)) "") @_1cY#!
(command "line" (polar pt0(-(/ pi 2.0)) (+ (/ d 2.0) 10)) 'gHg&E9E&
(polar pt0 (/ pi 2.0) (+ (/ d 2.0) 10)) "") pTXF^:8
(command "layer" "s" 0 "") J_?v=dW`
(if (= zrl "Zc") B9Hib1<8
(progn Nd&UWk^
(setq s3 (entsel "\n 请选择修剪的目标:")) y
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(command "trim" s2 "" s3 "");修剪形成键槽 vrcIwCa
(command "hatch" "U" "45" "2" "n" s1 s2 ""));画轴上键槽处剖视图的剖面线 IdK<:)Q
);if l qKj;'
(if (= zrl "Lc") ~]q>}/&YLo
(progn xF@&wg
(setq s4 (entsel "\n 请选择修剪的目标:")) ambr}+}
(command "trim" s2 "" s4 "");修剪形成键槽 )]s<Czm%
(command "rotate" s1 s2 "" pt0 90));将轮毂键槽的端面视图旋转90度 D:/q<<|
);if ZvMU3])u
);end defun =E<H_cUS
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二、螺纹孔剖视图的绘制命令“lwk” cnI5G!
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在绘制机械零件图时,经常要画螺纹孔的剖视图,同样由于螺纹孔的有关尺寸都随螺纹的公称直径而变化,我们可以用下面的程序自动完成其剖视图的绘制。加载后在命令行中键入“lwk”并回车,根据提示输入相应的参数即可。代码示例如下所示。 3bYjW=_hA
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(defun C:lwk() gn&Zt}@[
(setq pc (osnap (getpoint "\n 输入螺纹孔端面的中心点:") "near" )) 5OzEY7K)
(setq ang (getangle pc "\n 螺纹孔中心线与水平线的夹角:")) `G_~zt/
(initget 7) Y~e)3e
(setq d (getdist "\n 请输入螺纹孔的公称直径(mm):")) Fj]06~u
(cond;根据螺纹孔的公称直径检索有关数据(以螺纹零件的材料为钢或青铜为例) P%gA`j
((= d 6.0) (setq l1 10 l2 12 d2 4.917));l1表示螺纹深度 @Z2np{X:
((= d 8.0) (setq l1 12 l2 16 d2 6.647));l2表示钻孔深度 >0W
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((= d 10.0) (setq l1 16 l2 20 d2 8.376));d2表示螺纹小径 p4*L}Q
((= d 12.0) (setq l1 18 l2 22 d2 10.106)) H!&_Tv[
((= d 14.0) (setq l1 22 l2 26 d2 11.835)) G!;PV^6x
((= d 16.0) (setq l1 24 l2 28 d2 13.835)) F"UI=7:o
((= d 18.0) (setq l1 28 l2 34 d2 15.294)) se`Eez}
((= d 20.0) (setq l1 30 l2 35 d2 17.294)) n:P:im?,y*
((= d 22.0) (setq l1 32 l2 38 d2 19.294))
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((= d 24.0) (setq l1 36 l2 42 d2 20.725)) DA.k8M
((= d 27.0) (setq l1 40 l2 45 d2 23.725)) +{RTz)e?*
((= d 30.0) (setq l1 44 l2 52 d2 26.211)) ".N+nM~
((= d 36.0) (setq l1 52 l2 60 d2 31.670))) ,w3-*z
(setq r2 (/ d2 2.0);计算光孔各点坐标 &9fQW?Czs
pt1 (polar pc (+ (/ pi 2.0) ang) r2) /s}
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pt2 (polar pt1 ang l2) X;N?L%Pp
pt3 (polar pc ang (+ l2 (* 0.57735 r2))) <r.QS[:h
pt4 (polar pt2 (- ang (/ pi 2.0)) d2) HE%/+mZN
pt5 (polar pc (+ (* pi 1.5) ang) r2)) WFh.oe8
(command "pline" pt1 pt2 pt3 pt4 pt5 "c");画光孔 sQac%.H;`U
(setq s1 (ssget "l")) FK593z
(command "line" (polar pc (+ pi ang) 3) (polar pt3 ang 3) "");画中心线 6{Q-]LOc[.
(command "pline" pt2 pt4 "") q]I aRho
(setq r1 (/ d 2.0);计算螺纹线的各点坐标 PXkpttIE]M
pt11 (polar pc (+ (/ pi 2.0) ang) r1) ^n(FO,8c
pt12 (polar pt11 ang l1) }b&lHr'Uw
pt13 (polar pt12 (- ang (/ pi 2.0)) d) }`g-eF>p
pt14 (polar pc (+ (* pi 1.5) ang) r1)) o3/o2[s
(command "pline" pt11 pt12 pt13 pt14 "");画螺纹线 Z)M
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(command "pline" pt12 pt13 "") f|FS%]fCxk
(setq pt21 (polar pc (+ (/ pi 2.0) ang) (+ r1 10.0));计算剖面线边界上的点坐标 ^2nrA pF
pt22 (polar pt21 ang (+ l2 15.0));可根据需要设置剖面线边界的大小 o_BTo5]
pt23 (polar pt22 (- ang (/ pi 2.0)) (+ d 20.0)) ,>h"~X
pt24 (polar pc (+ (* pi 1.5) ang) (+ r1 10.0))) ekL;SN
(command "pline" pt21 pt22 pt23 pt24 "c");生成剖面线的边界 YE~IO5
(setq s2 (ssget "l")) _ERtL5^
(command "zoom" "a") T\uIXL?3
(command "hatch" "U" "45" "2" "n" s2 s1 "");画剖面线,形成消隐螺纹孔 abQ.N
);end zMFTkDY
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三、圆的中心线绘制命令“zxx” CTRUr"
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在绘图中,若需要绘制已知圆的中心线,可调用下面的程序。加载后在命令行中键入“zxx”并回车,只要按提示选择圆并输入中心线的延伸长度,即可自动生成该圆的中心线,并可连续绘制。代码示例如下所示。 G?'^"ae"Z
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(defun C:zxx() s@ @Km1w
(setvar "osmode" 512) 6dR+qJa6i
(setq loop T) qBX_v5pvVA
(while loop u9OY
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(setq pc (getpoint "\n 请用鼠标选择圆:")) <@KIDZYC
(setq s(ssget pc)) rs{)4.I
(if s t-iXY0%&
(progn gZ$
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(setq s1(entget(ssname s 0)) tr[}F7n9
pt0(cdr(assoc 10 s1));获得圆心坐标 R+Hu?Dv&F
r (cdr(assoc 40 s1));获得圆的半径 S
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(setq l (getreal "\n 请输入中心线延伸长度(mm):")) eV|N@
(command "layer" "m" 5 "l" "center" 5 "c" 1 5 "") Lc{arhN
(command "ltscale" 8);设置线型比例 KD &nLm!
(command "line" (polar pt0 (- pi) (+ r l));画中心线 J 7R(X
(polar pt0 0 (+ r l)) "") k8+J7(_c
(command "line" (polar pt0(-(/ pi 2.0)) (+ r l)) LBCH7@V1yR
(polar pt0 (/ pi 2.0) (+ r l)) "") P);s0Y|@H
(command "layer" "s" 0 "") 7sxX?u
);progn @F<{/|P
(setq loop nil) i"0Bc{cQ
);if E{u6<