AutoLISP语言作为AutoCAD的二次开发工具,虽然在功能、运行速度和保密性等方面比起ARX等工具要逊色一些,但由于它易学易用,交互性好,灵活性强,对于那些经常使用AutoCAD进行绘图的普通用户来说,不失为一种理想的开发工具。下面就介绍用AutoLISP语言自定义的几个AutoCAD绘图命令,可以起到简化操作、提高作图效率的作用。 [:7'?$
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一、键槽尺寸视图的绘制命令“jct” 'NWfBJm
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在绘制轴、齿轮或带轮等零件图时,经常需要画轴上键槽处的剖视图或轮毂键槽的端面视图,比较麻烦;由于键槽的尺寸随轴径的变化而变化,所以我们可以用LISP程序来实现自动绘图。加载下面的程序,在命令行中键入”jct”并回车,通过人机交互的形式输入有关参数,可自动完成轴上键槽的剖视图和轮毂键槽的端面视图的绘制。代码示例如下所示。 ]vAz
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(defun C:jct () /4y o`
(setq pt0 (getpoint "\n 请输入视图的中心位置点:")) +Q/R{#O
(initget 7) &sl0W-;0
(setq loop T) ]=\].% >
(while loop GV1pn) 4
(setq d (getreal "\n请输入键槽处的轴径(12(if(or (< d 12) (> d 130)) lt/1f{v[:
(alert "轴径数据输入错误!\n\n请重新输入!") vx{}}/B]J
(setq loop nil) CT&|QH{
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);while S;Fi?M
(cond;根据轴径检索键槽尺寸 l5~os>
((and (> d 12) (<= d 17)) (setq b 5 t1 3.0 t2 2.3));b表示键槽的宽度 4VHn \
((and (> d 17) (<= d 22)) (setq b 6 t1 3.5 t2 2.8));t1表示轴上键槽的深度 u2tfF
((and (> d 22) (<= d 30)) (setq b 8 t1 4.0 t2 3.3));t2表示轮毂上键槽的高度 EfqX
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((and (> d 30) (<= d 38)) (setq b 10 t1 5.0 t2 3.3)) rjK%t|aV^
((and (> d 38) (<= d 44)) (setq b 12 t1 5.0 t2 3.3)) m&d|t>3<
((and (> d 44) (<= d 50)) (setq b 14 t1 5.5 t2 3.8)) &j;wCvE4+
((and (> d 50) (<= d 58)) (setq b 16 t1 6.0 t2 4.3)) |44Ploz2b
((and (> d 58) (<= d 65)) (setq b 18 t1 7.0 t2 4.4)) kpuz]a7pK
((and (> d 65) (<= d 75)) (setq b 20 t1 7.5 t2 4.9)) ;xy"\S]
((and (> d 75) (<= d 85)) (setq b 22 t1 9.0 t2 5.4)) \UA[
((and (> d 85) (<= d 95)) (setq b 25 t1 9.0 t2 5.4)) Xu{1".\
((and (> d 95) (<= d 110)) (setq b 28 t1 10.0 t2 6.4)) ]>!K3kB
((and (> d 110) (<= d 130)) (setq b 32 t1 11.0 t2 7.4))) aHD]k8m z
(command "circle" pt0 "d" d) Fw_#N6Q
(command "zoom" "a") 59LG{R2
(setq s1 (ssget "l" )) [DuttFX^x
(setq di (-(* (/ d 2.0) (/ d 2.0)) (* (/ b 2.0) (/ b 2.0))) -oGdk|Yn
dx (sqrt di) [z:!j$K
dy (/ b 2.0) YqscZ(L:y
pt1 (list (+ (car pt0) dx) (+ (cadr pt0) dy))) _YRFet[,m
(initget "Zc Lc");Zc表示画轴键槽的剖视图,Lc表示画轮毂键槽的端面视图
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(setq zrl (getkword "\n 画轴键槽的剖视图还是轮毂键槽的端面视图(Z/L)?")) H8=N@l
(if (= zrl "Zc") xR~hwj
(progn;计算轴键槽上点的坐标 GblA9F7
(setq pt2 (list (+ (car pt0) (-(/ d 2.0) t1)) (+ (cadr pt0) dy)) "69s)~
pt3 (polar pt2 (- (/ pi 2.0)) b) J4hL_iCQ
pt4 (polar pt3 0 (- dx (- (/ d 2.0) t1)))) O2V
);progn !t"4!3
);if { qk1_yP
(if (= zrl "Lc") 10Q ]67
(progn;计算轮毂键槽上点的坐标 p%ki>p )E|
(setq pt2 (list (+ (car pt0) (+(/ d 2.0) t2)) (+ (cadr pt0) dy)) :
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pt3 (polar pt2 (- (/ pi 2.0)) b) N%@Qf~
pt4 (polar pt3 (- pi) (- (+ (/ d 2.0) t2) dx))) 3l~^06D
);progn {p2!|A&a
);if hE{K=Tz$
(command "pline" pt1 pt2 pt3 pt4 "");画键槽 `bq<$e
(setq s2 (ssget "l")) <sbu;dQ`
(command "layer" "m" 5 "l" "center" 5 "c" 1 5 "") 70d 1ReQ
(command "ltscale" 8) Z-%\
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(command "line" (polar pt0 (- pi) (+ (/ d 2.0) 10));画中心线 =IZT(8
(polar pt0 0 (+ (/ d 2.0) 10)) "") "x0^#AVg
(command "line" (polar pt0(-(/ pi 2.0)) (+ (/ d 2.0) 10)) 38B2|x
(polar pt0 (/ pi 2.0) (+ (/ d 2.0) 10)) "") gT.sjd
(command "layer" "s" 0 "") &u."A3(
(if (= zrl "Zc") "S[450%
(progn ,>a&"V^k
(setq s3 (entsel "\n 请选择修剪的目标:")) "Fr.fhh'~
(command "trim" s2 "" s3 "");修剪形成键槽 bL`TySX
(command "hatch" "U" "45" "2" "n" s1 s2 ""));画轴上键槽处剖视图的剖面线 k t#fMd$
);if [>I<#_^~
(if (= zrl "Lc") >NV@R&
(progn k=$TGqQY?
(setq s4 (entsel "\n 请选择修剪的目标:")) ;?Tbnn Wn
(command "trim" s2 "" s4 "");修剪形成键槽 h8q[1"a:
(command "rotate" s1 s2 "" pt0 90));将轮毂键槽的端面视图旋转90度 BKCiIfkZ
);if s[>,X#7 y
);end defun C^Yb\N}S
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二、螺纹孔剖视图的绘制命令“lwk” g/d<Zfq<{
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在绘制机械零件图时,经常要画螺纹孔的剖视图,同样由于螺纹孔的有关尺寸都随螺纹的公称直径而变化,我们可以用下面的程序自动完成其剖视图的绘制。加载后在命令行中键入“lwk”并回车,根据提示输入相应的参数即可。代码示例如下所示。 @D[_}JE
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(defun C:lwk() 5DU6rks%
(setq pc (osnap (getpoint "\n 输入螺纹孔端面的中心点:") "near" )) #P9~}JB3,
(setq ang (getangle pc "\n 螺纹孔中心线与水平线的夹角:")) 1s&zMWC
(initget 7) )
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(setq d (getdist "\n 请输入螺纹孔的公称直径(mm):")) R_cA:3qc~
(cond;根据螺纹孔的公称直径检索有关数据(以螺纹零件的材料为钢或青铜为例) tKuwpT1Qc
((= d 6.0) (setq l1 10 l2 12 d2 4.917));l1表示螺纹深度 J1U/.`Oy
((= d 8.0) (setq l1 12 l2 16 d2 6.647));l2表示钻孔深度 )r?}P1J7
((= d 10.0) (setq l1 16 l2 20 d2 8.376));d2表示螺纹小径 Dj?> <@
((= d 12.0) (setq l1 18 l2 22 d2 10.106)) HyQJXw?A:
((= d 14.0) (setq l1 22 l2 26 d2 11.835)) \.{$11P#
((= d 16.0) (setq l1 24 l2 28 d2 13.835)) D/gw .XYL
((= d 18.0) (setq l1 28 l2 34 d2 15.294)) C==hox7b
((= d 20.0) (setq l1 30 l2 35 d2 17.294)) hh%-(HaLX3
((= d 22.0) (setq l1 32 l2 38 d2 19.294)) xIW3={b 3
((= d 24.0) (setq l1 36 l2 42 d2 20.725)) Z clQ
((= d 27.0) (setq l1 40 l2 45 d2 23.725)) 79j+vH!zh
((= d 30.0) (setq l1 44 l2 52 d2 26.211)) p`dU2gV
((= d 36.0) (setq l1 52 l2 60 d2 31.670))) Et_bH%0
(setq r2 (/ d2 2.0);计算光孔各点坐标 Mj3A5;#
pt1 (polar pc (+ (/ pi 2.0) ang) r2) 1-uxC^u?|#
pt2 (polar pt1 ang l2) %wg-=;d4
pt3 (polar pc ang (+ l2 (* 0.57735 r2))) K7B/s9/xs
pt4 (polar pt2 (- ang (/ pi 2.0)) d2) :RTC!spy
pt5 (polar pc (+ (* pi 1.5) ang) r2)) \:'/'^=#|
(command "pline" pt1 pt2 pt3 pt4 pt5 "c");画光孔 Q8tL[>Xt
(setq s1 (ssget "l")) U}[d_f
(command "line" (polar pc (+ pi ang) 3) (polar pt3 ang 3) "");画中心线 H2\;%K 2
(command "pline" pt2 pt4 "") |A~jsz6pI
(setq r1 (/ d 2.0);计算螺纹线的各点坐标 nHAS(
pt11 (polar pc (+ (/ pi 2.0) ang) r1) &{hL&BLr
pt12 (polar pt11 ang l1) mDABH@R
pt13 (polar pt12 (- ang (/ pi 2.0)) d) 2]jn '4
pt14 (polar pc (+ (* pi 1.5) ang) r1)) /Iy]DU8
(command "pline" pt11 pt12 pt13 pt14 "");画螺纹线 8^2oWC#U(
(command "pline" pt12 pt13 "") 4he GnMD
(setq pt21 (polar pc (+ (/ pi 2.0) ang) (+ r1 10.0));计算剖面线边界上的点坐标 ek\ xx
pt22 (polar pt21 ang (+ l2 15.0));可根据需要设置剖面线边界的大小 4[r0G+
pt23 (polar pt22 (- ang (/ pi 2.0)) (+ d 20.0)) 'F3f+YD
pt24 (polar pc (+ (* pi 1.5) ang) (+ r1 10.0))) /9*B)m"
(command "pline" pt21 pt22 pt23 pt24 "c");生成剖面线的边界 %N6A+5H
(setq s2 (ssget "l")) kZ
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(command "zoom" "a") l/GGCnO/
(command "hatch" "U" "45" "2" "n" s2 s1 "");画剖面线,形成消隐螺纹孔 ,kGc]{'W
);end jD]~ AwRJ
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三、圆的中心线绘制命令“zxx” YUD`!C
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在绘图中,若需要绘制已知圆的中心线,可调用下面的程序。加载后在命令行中键入“zxx”并回车,只要按提示选择圆并输入中心线的延伸长度,即可自动生成该圆的中心线,并可连续绘制。代码示例如下所示。 6 7.+
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(defun C:zxx() [A~xy'T
(setvar "osmode" 512) %D34/=(X
(setq loop T) [wOn|)&
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(while loop 9';JXf$
(setq pc (getpoint "\n 请用鼠标选择圆:")) ItVWO:x&v
(setq s(ssget pc)) IB"w&