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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 n;-x!Gs  
    hN>('S-cq  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 u#zP>!  
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    模型 O0K@M  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 k7z(Gbzu   
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ]ro1{wm!WU  
    '<R B  
    光源 #U ",,*2  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 $Nt=gSWw5  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 J[<D/WIH  
    >.!5M L\  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ~>Hnf_pZO  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 h 7(H%(^_  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 +LQs.*  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 h-?q6O/|  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 .J<qfQ  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 M0;t%*1  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ery?G-  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 T;4gcJPn"M  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 &G7)s%q  
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    分析 5KC\1pe i  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 TY54e T  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 \ ]kb&Qw  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. |;Se$AdT#  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY cvs"WX3  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION .Kh(F 6 s  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 0ez i?Um  
    Dim A As Double ?,i#B'Z^  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 02# b:  
    Dim eID As Long +EiUAs~H  
    Dim parID As Long ?ck^? p7  
    Dim count As Integer qy42Y/8'  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double <R`,zE@t'(  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ;@7 #w  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double \MFWK#W  
    Dim ok As Long 0oi5]f6g?8  
    TgQ|T57  
    Sub Main _OknP2E  
    1 <qVN'[  
        '用户输入对话框 %:be{Y6  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 YCB 3  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 S] K6qY  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 '+q'H  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 YnO1Lf@  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Pdo5 sve  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 QkCoW[sn  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 jK C qH$  
        End Dialog Ei p~ ~2  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog iz  GaV[  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 1:;&wf  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed c9g\7L,Z  
            Print "Execution cancelled." xBI"{nGoN  
            End T`'3Cp$q  
        End If O'& \-j 1  
    k0 e|8g X  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty )oxP.K8q)U  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then %yuIXOJ  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation Uhx2 _  
        Else h'YcNkM 2>  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 9 K /  
        End If Ppb2"Ik  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ZV<y=F*~f  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter CQuvbAo  
        Else -_4jJxh=OB  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) aXK%m  
        End If ~tj7zI6  
    _Fh0^O@  
        Print " " p_40V%y^  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" IO&#)Ft  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" M"$RtS|h  
    "RJk7]p`*  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation z#E,96R  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness O"-PNF,J  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens k;:u| s8NS  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens kFa?q} 47  
    cV!/  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens owY_cDzrH  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens JK8@J9(#  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ']6#7NU  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ?o DfI  
    -K'84 bZ  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation n_Hn k4  
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        '************************************************************************* TtjSLkF  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) y`@4n.Q  
        '************************************************************************* .Zt/e>K&  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 98}vbl31j  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity YIk6:W{  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Gc!{%x  
    8}0y)aJ  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z %Kfa|&'zV  
        count = 0 +4p ;4/=  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~u`! Gi  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Z6AU%3]  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `IRT w"  
                DeleteOperation eID,count m1; <T@  
                count=count-1 u]-El}*[  
            End If F"#*8P  
            count=count+1 I%|s  
        Wend VQ;- dCV  
    ~4` ec   
        'Set new shift in zw9ULQ$#  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" knZd}?I*  
        op.val1 = taq W",jZ"7  
        op.parent = parID 61wG:  
        AddOperation eID, op g\nL n#  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 acZ|H  
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        '************************************************************************* .7Bav5 ;  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Sh6 NgO  
        '************************************************************************* F qyJ*W\1  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) WW@"75t  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 2p.+C35c=j  
    -xEg"dY/  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ]@]"bF!Dn  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @,$HqJ  
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        '************************************************************************* . k DCcnm  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ArKrsI#H-  
        '************************************************************************* n{* [Y  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) r 24]2A  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;b2>y>?[  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost -0){C|,6  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost uty]-k   
    ht!:e>z&4  
        '************************************************************************* Ok"wec+,  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Gwk@X/q  
        '************************************************************************* t)b>f~  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) P l ,M>IQ  
    ]sIFK  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) $(hZw  
        count = 0 cZi&L p  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count VJPPHJ[-  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Jx,s.Z0@7,  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then u(qpdG||7  
                DeleteOperation eID,count }0*7bb  
                count=count-1 5PySCGv  
            End If KJ |1zCM  
            count=count+1 R'_[RHFC  
        Wend )v.FAV:  
    B W1O1zIh\  
        'Set new z-shift #-8/|_*  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" riQ?'!a7  
        op.val1 = tlens ![Y$[l  
        op.parent = parID Yi,um-%  
        AddOperation eID, op DenCD9 f  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens m{" zFD/  
    06r cW `  
        '************************************************************************* }'JPA&h|  
        'Lens index of refraction =!2   
        '************************************************************************* Q0A1N[  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) e;v2`2z2  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat &'j77tqOk  
    <aS1bQgaU  
        mat.Nd = nlens A#{*A  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat -A~<IyPt  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens -. G0k*[d  
    9)`wd&!  
        '************************************************************************* ekXHfA!i%  
        'Pupil diameter EJsb{$u  
        '************************************************************************* p<NgT1"{  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) W@LR!EW)  
    (TsgVq]L  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) W*#/@/5  
    rA7S1)Kq  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" NjLd-v"2  
     G%{jU'2  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens g>{=R|uO5  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) <7+.5iB3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) o@-cT`HP  
        count = 0 KA7nncg;,  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w ;O '6"  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ]cK@nq)  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -`JY] H  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 0!T $Ef   
                count=count-1 Yp$lc^)c>  
            End If (G Y`O  
            count=count+1 0&|-wduR=  
        Wend )ALcmC?!#  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 92R{V%)G  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ~V5jjx*  
        op.parent = parID j yE+?4w;  
        AddOperation eID, op n%}0hVu  
    }0o0"J-$  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam #N:o)I  
    Cq=c'(cX  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description #=2~MXa@z7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4-AmzU  
        GetEntity eID, entity yWy9IWI["  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" YZd4% zF  
        SetEntity eID, entity "lm3o(Dk  
    (pl OV)  
        Update 8w4.|h5FP  
        Print "DONE!" P]G2gDO  
         H'0S;A+Y6  
    End Sub I[/u5V_b'  
    e): &pqA  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: u<[Y6m  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters fjf\/%  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm L=>N#QR7  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 (Qnn  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 V*)gJg  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 6mZFsB  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 q QQ~ [JL  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 mOBS[M5*  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 M~v{\!S  
    DONE! fa)G$Q  
     
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