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1. INTRODUCTION -H%806NAX7
There has been rapid progress in the generation of “ultrashort” optical pulses in recentyears. In fact, the meaning of “ultrashort” in this context has been changing steadily over the years as shorter and shorter pulses are generated. It now generally means the subpicosecond down to the 5-fs range (Baltuska et al., [1997]; Fork et al., [1987]). Not only can optical pulses this short now be generated routinely; measurement techniques to characterize such pulses and schemes to use such pulses to study a variety of ultrafast physical and chemical processes and phenomena have also been developed. These advances followed from the invention of the laser and the technique of laser mode locking (see, for example, Smith et al.,[1974], or New, [1983]).
