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xunjigd 2016-02-24 12:53

FRED运用：Arizona眼睛模型

简介 s{yw1:  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 "^\q{S&q2P  
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模型 Gb\PubJ  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 9"]#.A^Q*  
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Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. {XmCG%%L  
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光源 _<F)G,=  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 q_h (D/g  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Wq1 jTIQ  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 UE.kR+1  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 CC`_e^~y=F  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 S*V}1</L  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 :]@c%~~!&  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 _y^r==  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 yQD>7%x  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： -{xk&EB^$5  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 v\Uk?V5T  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 F^ 75y?  
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分析  S=(O6+U  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ]]O( IC  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 eyCZ[SC  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 'p&,'+x  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Hsf::K x  
Dim op As T_OPERATION $Iwvecn?I  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ?dgyi4J?=`  
Dim A As Double k2U*dn"9U  
Dim pupilDiam As Double esqmj#G  
Dim eID As Long :}lqu24K  
Dim parID As Long "+F'WCJ-(*  
Dim count As Integer uw}Rr7q  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double vjuFVJwL  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double !qt2,V  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double o8bdL<  
Dim ok As Long 6}"c4 ^k6  
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Sub Main hxO}'`:  
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    '用户输入对话框 ;.A}c)b  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 )D,KG_7l  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 #Vq9 =Q2  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 pjWRd_h.  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 cuhp4!!  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Lnr9*dm6q  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 d~LoHp  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4   Q.g/  
    End Dialog *; o%*:  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog i})s4%a  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ANM#Kx+  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 6>a6;[  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 2r, c{Ah@D  
        End #Iw(+%D  
    End If r )F;8(  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 3 jZMXEG)  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then >HP `B2Q H  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation s,HbW%s  
    Else 95l)s],  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) u^" I3u8$  
    End If EuK}L[Kl  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then S /hx\TzC  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 2{-29bq  
    Else ?b (iWq  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) KGz Nj%  
    End If u_(~zs.N]  
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    Print " " ig,.>'+l  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" hsC T:1i  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 3gA%Q`"  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation nf.Ox.kM)  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness QJ|@Y(KV0  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens !J$r|IX5  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Bn}woyJdx  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens @(t3<g  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 1EyN |m|  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Nu5|tf9%A  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction "H-s_Y#  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Q Be6\oq  
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    '************************************************************************* po| Ux`u  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) K d&/9<{>  
    '************************************************************************* +jm,nM9  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0dch OUj  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Y|>dS8f;4  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) LgqQr6y"  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z /0s1;?  
    count = 0 3BFOZV+  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count O)'CU1vMb  
        GetOperation eID, count, op f1 ;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then F.9}jd{  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ~tDYo)hH8  
            count=count-1 ~k"+5bHa*  
        End If 0=Z[6Q@:  
        count=count+1 "Xq_N4  
    Wend ~6G `k^!  
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    'Set new shift in XiUq#84Q  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" :U6` n  
    op.val1 = taq LEb$Fd  
    op.parent = parID !~ox;I}S  
    AddOperation eID, op bi<<z-q`wJ  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ;Qi:j^+P)  
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    '************************************************************************* C:QB=?%;  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens iRQ!J1SGcG  
    '************************************************************************* 7=^{~5#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) F/5&:e?( )  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Ji4p6$ .j-  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant zl0{lV  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant [+ud7l  
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    '************************************************************************* K~W(ZmB  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens `TrWtSwv  
    '************************************************************************* #;[G>-tC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) [doEArwn  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic JZ5k3#@e  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost hnj\|6L  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Y_Yf'z1>[  
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    '************************************************************************* dC=[o\  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) lC<;Q*Y  
    '************************************************************************* fzsy<Vl",  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Qqm?%7A1  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) rXx#<7`  
    count = 0 {j2V k)\[i  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2 bc&sU)X  
        GetOperation eID, count, op N>mW64_H)  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then JT+ c7W7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count qng ~,m  
            count=count-1 @G5T8qwN  
        End If f%G\'q]#F  
        count=count+1 EX,>V,.UV  
    Wend ?f?5Kye  
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    'Set new z-shift ;[<(4v$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" sd%j&Su#4  
    op.val1 = tlens 05d0p|},  
    op.parent = parID d |17G  
    AddOperation eID, op ?sN{U\  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens B[b>T=  
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    '************************************************************************* `Ba]i)!  
    'Lens index of refraction rT2Njy1  
    '************************************************************************* @MSmg3 &  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) DbGS]k<$  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat h}O tz "  
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    mat.Nd = nlens EU[\D;  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ?=1eHnP!R  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens l=?e0d>O  
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    '************************************************************************* H|% J"  
    'Pupil diameter 7l* &Fh9;  
    '************************************************************************* @*z"Hi>4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) IO)B3,g  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 3^8Cc(bk  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" JR!-1tnc  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens v,w af`)J  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tZ_'>7)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) JFT$1^n  
    count = 0 .}==p&(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count bP18w0>,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op RpJ7.  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]az(w&vqg2  
            DeleteOperation eID,count #Y7jNrxE  
            count=count-1 $|K: 9  
        End If o[Ffa# sE  
        count=count+1 J[ZHAnmPH  
    Wend J!:BCjRdw  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" K43%9=sM  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 1K Vit{  
    op.parent = parID <>HtXn/  
    AddOperation eID, op b A+_/1C  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam m23"xnRB  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description {irc0gI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]?6wU-a  
    GetEntity eID, entity SBxpJsW >  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Ema[M5$R  
    SetEntity eID, entity {4g';  
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    Update ebBi zc=  
    Print "DONE!" Ark]>4x>  
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End Sub P@v"aa\@2)  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： orjtwF>^  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters JSL&` `  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm m.D8@[y  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 WARiw[  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 H_&to3b(  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 m.lR]!Y=w  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 VhO+nvd*W  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 <$s6?6P  
Set pupil diameter = 4 z/\OtYz  
DONE! D!.c??   
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（文章来源：讯技光电）
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