Arizona眼睛模型

:%[=v(G[   人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 P5u Y1(   ~r<@`[-L   模型 cL31g_u   R+'$V$g\X   模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 k[TVu5R   Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 hu?Q,[+o   d~i WV6Va   在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ,EkzBVgo   ~vqVASUc,   光源 -^ )0c   Y7WxV>E   多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ]Gk;n/! B   D?+\"lI   图1. 光源和提示信息使用 Bw;gl^:UG   7Hghn"ol   除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 $;kFuJF   ^?pf.E!F`   在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 (HNxo{t   图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 )?5027^   +iS'$2)@   图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 1u?h4wC   ;kSRv=S   视网膜的散射 )-98pp7~BB   J1i{n7f=@   在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 }tq   ``;.Oy6jS   图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 UL9 ]LEGG   gYeKeW3)   注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ?vmu,y   bjn: e!}   图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 st- z>}   Hrjry$t/J   脚本 D-{;;<nIr`   t0*kL.   内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： dTV4 Q`Z   图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 `ChS$p"A   图7. 用户对话框编辑器 `IP?w&k)   OyI?P_0u   如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 "_LDs(&   余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 CbvP1* 1   L/ L#[   分析 jeKqS   !,Ou:E?Bb   屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 @ nC][gNv   图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 6?;U[eV   /KU9sIE;   脚本代码 Hw0S/ytY   z3n273W>6   Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. U yb-feG   U0ZT9/4   Dim entity As T_ENTITY ro&/   Dim op As T_OPERATION /9SEW!E   Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL GHs,,J;   Dim A As Double iXoEdt)   Dim pupilDiam As Double /)%$x i   Dim eID As Long C VXz>oM   Dim parID As Long (vR9vOpJ   Dim count As Integer CpE LLA<   Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double O{vVW9Q   Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ojc m%yd   Dim curv As Double, conic As Double f|v5itO2   Dim ok As Long `49:!M$i   xK*G'3Ge   Sub Main !W\za0p   539fB,       '用户输入对话框 1Yk!R9.       Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 9QXBz=Fnf           TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ut*sx9 l           Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 /` ;rlH*           OKButton 40,91,90,21 WMw|lV r           CancelButton 190,91,90,21 (]@yDb4           Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 _J,lF-,           TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 =(==aP       End Dialog nF5\iV       Dim dlg As UserDialog :5'8MU   o8B$6w:_       ok = Dialog (dlg) Qi=pP/Y   i5*BZv>e       If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 7&hhKEA           Print "Execution cancelled." im-XP@<           End ykS-5E`       End If ixvF`S9   iW?z2%#       'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ;hV-*;>       If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 0Yk$f1g           A = 0           'Default accommodation ?3_^SRW&a       Else {3* Ne /           A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) I&J>        End If 6M#}&Gv   TWeup6k       If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then CJYpgSr           pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 9 df GV!Z       Else HhZ>/5'(           pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Im!fZg       End If 7~qyz]KkE   ^Q#g-" b       Print " " uPVO!`N3       Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" X()yhe_       Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" K'c[r0Ew   N|2PW ~,       ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation oFi_ op       taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness m4on<5s/   fzJ^`       Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens `yYYyB[       CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Z [YSET   Tr.u'b(       Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens O~OM.:al&       CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens `]I p`_{   7 PbwCRg       tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness (:>Sh0.   !BjJ5m       nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction gl~9|$ivj>   |/%X8\       'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 8dLK5"_3   -PCFOm"       '************************************************************************* gX~lYdA       'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) {Rz(0oD\       '************************************************************************* EX/{W$ &K       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &9ERlZ(A       GetCustomElement eID, entity {%D4%X<   G.:QA}FE'       parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]1s6=   WS.lDMYE7       ' Delete any shift(s) in z 7n[0)XR>       count = 0 ,: Ij@u>)       While GetOperationCount(eID)>count V X.9mt           GetOperation eID, count, op g !;a5p6           If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Oh3A?!y#               DeleteOperation eID,count T2_b5j3i               count=count-1 0V+v)\4 FE           End If #'5{ ?Cb           count=count+1 'd]t@[#       Wend *&~(>gNF,   wln"g,ct       'Set new shift in v(]dIH       op.Type = "ShiftZ" {ceY:49       op.val1 = taq )C$pjjo/`       op.parent = parID moCR64n       AddOperation eID, op -VvN1G6.x?       Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 =C- b#4Q   fuT Bh6w&       '************************************************************************* m#^;V       'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens bh+m_$X~       '************************************************************************* 0|| 5r#       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [ZL<Q       GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic fLZ99?J   <q`|,mc       SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant H`4KhdqR       Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant };g<|v*o   _Mi*Fvj       '************************************************************************* qS?^(Vt|R       'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens A}[x))r       '************************************************************************* 3b/J       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) J;N\q       GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic L0qL\>#ejr   Q[9W{l+       SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost  = Atyy       Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost eMtQa;Lc9o   v}.~m)       '************************************************************************* ZyV^d3F@$       'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) +o]J0Gu       '************************************************************************* = O|}R   H#3Ma1z       parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) [&)*jc16   ^fP5@T*f       ' Delete any z-shift(s) Fr#QM0--B       count = 0 A$rCo~E k       While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }"STc&1           GetOperation eID, count, op W$J@|i           If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then '26 ,.1               DeleteOperation eID,count )BZ6QO`5n               count=count-1 fs2y$HN           End If @xr}(.           count=count+1 @[#)zO       Wend Qp-P[Tc   K@?K4o        'Set new z-shift ,L; y>::1       op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7 iQa)8,       op.val1 = tlens v7<r-<I[       op.parent = parID WH<\f|xR       AddOperation eID, op bp'\nso/       Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens k/i&e~! \   `We?j7O       '************************************************************************* @=K*gbq 5       'Lens index of refraction X.AE>fx*h       '************************************************************************* 6%MM)Vj+u       eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) G@U}4'V9       GetModelMaterial eID, mat 0U!_o2]   2^)_XVX1       mat.Nd = nlens } a!HbH       SetModelMaterial eID, mat ITZ}$=        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens EME}G42KN   2>)::9e4       '************************************************************************* NW`Mc&       'Pupil diameter db.~^][k       '************************************************************************* QEP|%$:i       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) q&esI   pwl7aC+6d       'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) "5"{~3Gw^   vb$i00?       SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" GD4+f|1.*   j|VX6U        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 8aVj@x$'       parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) )!5"\eys       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) <W/YC2b       count = 0 <-HWs@8#       While GetOperationCount(eID)>count !3\( d{           GetOperation eID, count, op [jTZxH<           If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then X\5EF7:S               DeleteOperation eID,count ootkf=               count=count-1 7TA&u'           End If mzcxq:uZ5           count=count+1 L"}2Y3       Wend yS4nB04`=       op.Type = "ShiftZ" _r`(P#Hy       op.val1 = taq-0.01 ygxaT"3"=       op.parent = parID )jMk~;'r       AddOperation eID, op r|3<UR%   '&Tz8.jp~       Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam RA}Y$}^#'   k"+/DK,:       'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ^geY Ay       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ki8Jl}dr       GetEntity eID, entity 8|Wl|@1(       entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" O*9d[jw[       SetEntity eID, entity VVc-Dx   6G:7r [       Update j#9n.i %h       Print "DONE!" G4"n`89LK        Hm_&``='   End Sub Rc}#4pM8   nzKlue   如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： p+Fh9N<F9   1t7T\~+F   Accommodation = 4 Diopters :~~\{fm   Pupil Diameter = 4 mm DK<}q1 xi   Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 V# JuNJ   Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 $~r=I[5'(   Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 J:\O .F#Fi   Set lens thickness = 3.927 jNAboSf2Y   Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 )Hqn   Set pupil diameter = 4 _ Uv3glK   DONE!

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