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infotek 2023-04-27 08:29

Arizona眼睛模型

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 AbfZ++aJ  
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模型 8sg|MWSU  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 3v1 7"  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ,mKObMu  
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光源 =6\LIbO  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 F*` t"7Lm  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 {@.Vh]  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 x2W#ROfg  
图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 66\jV6eH7L  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 0.Vi9 7`  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 V.=lGhi  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 h<x4YB5Mj  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 8P2 J2IU  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: +L%IG  
图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 <1"+,}'x  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 2+Rv{%  
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分析 Or0O/\D)  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。  P_Hv%g  
图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 szmmu*F,U:  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. =#xK=pRy;  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY D(]E/k@ ;~  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ,"2TArC'z  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL J'T=q/  
Dim A As Double DAO]uh{6  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 'T8W!&$  
Dim eID As Long s:>\/[*>0c  
Dim parID As Long v]VWDT `  
Dim count As Integer +-$Ko fnM  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double "Cz<d w]D  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ~O6\6$3b5E  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 1;F`c`0<  
Dim ok As Long gm)@c2?.  
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Sub Main v|';!p|  
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    '用户输入对话框 PBjmGwg7  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 v6=-g$FG  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 [g|Y7.j8  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 MXtkP1A `  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 `'S0*kMT  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 !wz/c M;  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 K`-!uZW:B7  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 /~p+j{0L3W  
    End Dialog Wr?'$:  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog c3TKl/  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) u9qMqeF  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 9ooY?J  
        Print "Execution cancelled." iEyeX0nm  
        End R:aa+MX(1  
    End If muON> ^MbC  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty WYcA8 X/  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 5VW|fI  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation #U mF-c  
    Else #KlCZ~s  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ;]2s,za)qs  
    End If ,M5}4E7L%s  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then sBX-X$*N  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter $FTO  
    Else (5L-G{4  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) )FN;+"IJ  
    End If Q,T"ZdQ  
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    Print " " W!Gdf^Yy<  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" w*9br SK  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 1 T<+d5[C  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 5K%SL1N  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 6?tlU>A2s  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens bBcp9C)iY  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens t&q N: J  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens SymwAS+  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens :nN1e  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness B;6]NCx D  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction p/Sbt/R  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ]va>ex$d  
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    '************************************************************************* EI~"L$?  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) `$LWmm#  
    '************************************************************************* Rgy- OA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) BAj-akc f  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity T  VmH  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %q ;jVj[  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z @Hb'8F  
    count = 0 1F8 W9b^D  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count u6V/JI}g  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `?g`bN`Vn  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }TQ{`a@  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Y}*\[}l:&x  
            count=count-1 U6ZR->:  
        End If l ASL8O&\  
        count=count+1 N]EcEM#  
    Wend [S]S^ej*8  
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    'Set new shift in ?^mi3VM  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" x&Vm!,%:1  
    op.val1 = taq  kqYa*| l  
    op.parent = parID V3;.{0k  
    AddOperation eID, op []R? ViG  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 /M~!sPW&?  
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    '************************************************************************* X=JmF97  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens XIo55*  
    '************************************************************************* z{"2S="  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) g[ 0<m#"  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic )0vU k  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant r)9Dy,  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant PjT=$]  
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    '************************************************************************* @l1  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens E9|eu\  
    '************************************************************************* GuZ ( &G6*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) *%w6 9#D  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (bOpV>\Q7  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ,:fl?x.X  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost \;-fi.Hrf$  
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    '************************************************************************* g*)K/Z0pJ$  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) I$NhXZ)KT  
    '************************************************************************* R+q"_90_  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )#a[-.OI  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) & gJV{V5Ay  
    count = 0 `b8v1Os^2  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count f\+f o  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ~U(,TjJb  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then L@75- T  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ONNpiK-  
            count=count-1 di)*-+  
        End If d_n7k g+  
        count=count+1 lZ8CY  
    Wend  rhpPCt  
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    'Set new z-shift yc2/~a_ Gx  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 4L-:*b_v\  
    op.val1 = tlens ,\ 2a=Fp  
    op.parent = parID D'Z|}(d&  
    AddOperation eID, op ,*4p?|A  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens {7!UQrm<  
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    '************************************************************************* aK,z}l(N  
    'Lens index of refraction `c/*H29  
    '************************************************************************* ;fw1  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) x}U8zt)yD3  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat *5zrZ]^  
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    mat.Nd = nlens VIP7OHJh  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat EF pIp4_Y  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens =X?\MVWB  
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    '************************************************************************* HL/bS/KX  
    'Pupil diameter 1h*)@  
    '************************************************************************* "#v=IJy&r  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) #`GY}-hL!  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) V`adWXu  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" P5lqSA{6  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ^:9$@ +a  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) > 0{S  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Lokl2o `  
    count = 0 < RCLI|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count IHgeQ F ~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op }SIGPVM  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }M1sksk5  
            DeleteOperation eID,count bs9aE< j  
            count=count-1 e*+F pW@  
        End If o!:8nXw  
        count=count+1 p8s:g~ W  
    Wend Z/^  u  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1!pa;$L  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 7_2kDDW0  
    op.parent = parID zEZLKWm9-  
    AddOperation eID, op fN"( mW>!  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ZVeaTK4_ t  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 9h/>QLx  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) x8;`i$  
    GetEntity eID, entity q1E:l!2al  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 3] 1-M  
    SetEntity eID, entity "EU{8b  
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    Update ) 'j:  
    Print "DONE!" ' qdPw%d  
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End Sub ogFKUD*h&>  
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如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: UpXz&k  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters v^ d]r Sm  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm e!fqXVEVR  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 y*{Zbz#{  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 DO7W}WU  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ,G#.BLH cX  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ?PTk1sB  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 y2O4I'/5<  
Set pupil diameter = 4 |*RYq2y  
DONE!
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