Arizona眼睛模型

!\a'GO[   人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Y5~_y?BX   Q'] _3   模型 21$YZlhJ   {XMF26C#   模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 /-wAy-W   Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 P9/5M4]tt   7_WD)Y2yS   在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. j*m7&wOE   *dn~-W.   光源 :XK.A    &46h!gW   多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 D7b<&D@   *5k" v"NM(   图1. 光源和提示信息使用 ocCC63J   s[|sfqB1`   除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 e9;<9uX   !M&L<0b:7e   在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6,sZo!G   图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 wRL=9/5(8   @Y'BqDFlZ   图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 8[SiIuIV   ~3Y)o|D3   视网膜的散射 |->{NUZ{   4tTK5`7N   在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 K.?~@5%   +(iM]L$Fw%   图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 ,v$gWA!l   ,[}5@cS   注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 d/G`w{H}y   TC1#2nE&T   图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 C2;qSKG3{m   XUmL8   脚本 *ktM<N58   xQX,1NbH5   内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： .%7#o   图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 GwHMXtj4   图7. 用户对话框编辑器 XJ~_FiB   9"g=it2Rh6   如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 HDUtLUd   余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 s7IaU|m   "ZDc$v:Qa   分析 L;=:OX0   TIbqUR   屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c#M'Mye   图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 t>QAM6[   )&}\2NK6L   脚本代码 h4x*C=?A   |'WaBy1   Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. F23/|q{{   J&w%lYiu5   Dim entity As T_ENTITY 2Q`@lTUv   Dim op As T_OPERATION 1\:puC\)   Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ;hi+.ng_   Dim A As Double :SilQm*Pl   Dim pupilDiam As Double _Z'j%/-4@D   Dim eID As Long 7q*L-Xe]k   Dim parID As Long mHjds77e   Dim count As Integer 0UeDM*   Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double @EH:4~   Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Kl<qp7o0   Dim curv As Double, conic As Double s0"S;{_#   Dim ok As Long u1a5Vtel   9E^IEwq'   Sub Main `T2RaWR4=   B`)o?GcVN       '用户输入对话框 2bBTd@m4       Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 R,CFU l7Q           TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 W mTSxneo           Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 dxbP'2~           OKButton 40,91,90,21 es@_6ol.@           CancelButton 190,91,90,21 u"r~5           Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 hko0 ?z           TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Uj&2'>MJ$       End Dialog 4`5jq)       Dim dlg As UserDialog /v"u4Ipj   =vLeOX       ok = Dialog (dlg) I`kaAOe   I=X-e#HM?       If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed +h^>?U,           Print "Execution cancelled." #y13(u,dN           End Q':xi;?Kt       End If mh;<lW\K/Z   ;rWgt!l       'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 4VINu9\V       If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then mw%do&e           A = 0           'Default accommodation YKq,`7"%       Else v 0mc1g+9           A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) P. mz$M       End If ,-^Grmr4M   o5KpiibFM       If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 1P(rgn:8e           pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ;Ut0tm       Else |SC^H56+           pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) r# MJ       End If S05+G}[$   rlr)n\R#       Print " " ScU?T<u:i       Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 0FmYM@Wc       Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" T!e]=   U8L%=/N>B       ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation hI*gw3V       taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness braHWC'VYg   @Z> {/       Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 5BnO-[3       CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens i:W.,w%8   $j*%}x~[       Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens xayo{l=uGv       CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens )*@n G$i99   !Kr|04Qp#x       tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 8px@sXI*`   p\OUxAm       nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction @qk$ 6X   jY'svD~       'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 8o43J;mA   Yy`\??,       '************************************************************************* Ag=>F5       'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) _<pSCR0       '************************************************************************* Qa@b-v'by       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (c;F%m|       GetCustomElement eID, entity (UWWULV   %PozxF:       parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |}N -5U   DXu915       ' Delete any shift(s) in z QcJ?1GwA"       count = 0 %suSZw`       While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Oz(0$c           GetOperation eID, count, op SyFw           If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m  "'               DeleteOperation eID,count ("-Co,4ey               count=count-1 [.Vy           End If =Hplg>h)           count=count+1 ^\= <geEj       Wend :YaEMQJ^   &R+/Ie#0dz       'Set new shift in dbM~41C6       op.Type = "ShiftZ" J'c]':U       op.val1 = taq x`n$4a'7b       op.parent = parID B1)gudP`       AddOperation eID, op ?'ID7mL       Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 *R1m=   SQ%B"1&$D       '************************************************************************* |Iei!jm       'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens MH@=Qqx#=t       '************************************************************************* 8,iBG! RF       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) B]. V|8h       GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Q@]~O-   nvY3$ Ty       SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant T DOOq;+       Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant kT6h}d^/^   ]@E_Hx{ S       '************************************************************************* fA"N5qQI(       'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens BfZAK0+*$       '************************************************************************* }e$^v*16       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) tt5t(+5j       GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ipzv]c&   |f5WN&c       SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 6S]K@C=r       Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost SOE5`   :/YHU3~Y       '************************************************************************* ..jc^'L       'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) )F_vWbg       '************************************************************************* We%HdTKT   . \Gl)W       parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 8<V6W F`e   s D q{h       ' Delete any z-shift(s) {A!1s;       count = 0 hr@c7/L       While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [+,%T;d;           GetOperation eID, count, op -Q3jK)1           If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then xvo""R/g8               DeleteOperation eID,count %f[0&)1!.v               count=count-1 581Jp'cje           End If z[Sq7bbYO           count=count+1 Cj{+DXT       Wend sVXIR   gbvM2       'Set new z-shift {Hc [H-       op.Type = "ShiftZ" =VA5!-6<Uq       op.val1 = tlens pO]{Y?X:       op.parent = parID {#?$p i[       AddOperation eID, op Iv,Ub_Ll9       Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *xHj*   $z1W0       '************************************************************************* O*qSc^9q       'Lens index of refraction m@(8-_       '************************************************************************* $MW-c*5a       eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) jLc"1+       GetModelMaterial eID, mat 0 0JH*I   NT(gXEZ       mat.Nd = nlens }jL_/gvgy       SetModelMaterial eID, mat `Uz2(zqS       Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens -@*[    d}d1]@Y\       '************************************************************************* .kbo]P       'Pupil diameter 1#nR$       '************************************************************************* ]IF QD       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Q4~/Tl;   W^(:\IvV       'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) :eHD{=   XSfl'Fll D       SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" #:q$sKQ_$   &\n<pXQ       ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens v3zd>fDnRp       parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *U<l$gajq       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) [nSlkl        count = 0 .$o0$`}       While GetOperationCount(eID)>count L>trLD1pt           GetOperation eID, count, op R=7,F6.           If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then adCT o               DeleteOperation eID,count , ZisJksk               count=count-1 b\Wlpb=QZ           End If N*^iOm]Y           count=count+1 [quT&E       Wend ! sTOo       op.Type = "ShiftZ" aLo^f=S       op.val1 = taq-0.01 CIt%7 \c       op.parent = parID wSV}{9}wr%       AddOperation eID, op $Gy&   {zckY       Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam OuZPgN   t[r<&1[&       'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description {4C/ZA{|l       eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) k vuSE       GetEntity eID, entity ^i"~6QYE       entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" :m&cm%W]ts       SetEntity eID, entity xr*%:TwCta   B@+&?%ub:       Update |>'.(       Print "DONE!" KfPYH\0        eb#yCDIC   End Sub 8*bEsc|   Tr6J+hS   如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： e=H,|)P   av8\?xmo.$   Accommodation = 4 Diopters -%G}T}"_   Pupil Diameter = 4 mm dvc=<!"'S   Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Hxr)`i46   Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 )%zOq:{\5   Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ZFxa2J~;   Set lens thickness = 3.927 t@#l0lu$   Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 m)1+D"z   Set pupil diameter = 4 j@o \d%.'!   DONE!

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