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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 seEG~/U<  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 pElAY3  
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模型 %) 8 UyZG  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 \sZ!F&a~  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. VdV18-ea  
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光源 h"{Z%XPX#  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 m.A_u7D@  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 "eiZZSz  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 yY$:zc"J  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 Gn_rf"  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 Oi=c 6n  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 3"Y |RSy  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 [80L|?, *  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 JC6Bs`=s~  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: P O,mg?JG(  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 n .{Ud\|  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 $-zt,iRyV  
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分析 )!:}R}q  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 fP>*EDn@xg  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 kDAPT_Gid  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. )c:i 'L  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY bcp+7b(IB  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION MY]Z@  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL df=G}M(  
    Dim A As Double |]tIE{d  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Gf(|?" H  
    Dim eID As Long "w#jC ~J<W  
    Dim parID As Long biy1!r  
    Dim count As Integer nwOT%@nw  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double A.@S>H'P  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double TmZ% ;TN  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double L{py\4z'_  
    Dim ok As Long +=v6 *%y"V  
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    Sub Main :`~;~gW<  
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        '用户输入对话框 |;XkU`G  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 i$GL]0  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 hx4X#_)v  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 .d) X.cO  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 n*UD0U}`  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 To_Y 8 G  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 |~'PEY  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 z?NMQ8l|:6  
        End Dialog K\w:'%>-  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ){u/v[O9"  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 9~ [Sio~  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed G4=R4'hC  
            Print "Execution cancelled." (%&HufT  
            End ~C|. .Z  
        End If bqmb|mD  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty O#j&8hQ>  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then k,p:!S(bl  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation =0Z^q0.  
        Else `QpkD8  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) O] T'\6w  
        End If 5cr d.1@^  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then _Hhf.DmUAH  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ?X'm>R. @  
        Else ZCP r`H  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) /I`A wCx  
        End If = ;hz,+  
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        Print " " k0@b"y*  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ljr?Z,R4  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" WOw( -  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Rm i4ZPb.  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness :5YL!D/&  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens _#9F@SCA  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens reBAxmt   
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens &7K 4tL  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens i?{cB!7  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness F(!9;O5J]  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction RgB5'$x}  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation $N;Nvp2  
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        '************************************************************************* v(|Arm?  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) No|T#=BZ[  
        '************************************************************************* Xr B)[kQ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) QPc4bg\J~t  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity S.4gfY  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) CyR1.|!@  
    )#(6J  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z -z s5WaJn/  
        count = 0 q(Q$lRj/I-  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5 $58z  
            GetOperation eID, count, op '<Fr}Cn  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then IqA'Vz,lL  
                DeleteOperation eID,count d~0k}|>  
                count=count-1 G!G]*p5  
            End If i9RAb tQ}  
            count=count+1 X[e:fW[e)  
        Wend bjO?k54I  
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        'Set new shift in ~W>3EJghR,  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" (9]8r2|.  
        op.val1 = taq c :d.mkF\  
        op.parent = parID ;4:[kv@  
        AddOperation eID, op v@&UTU  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 "mtEjK5  
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        '************************************************************************* nT:F{2 M;  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens * ^+]`S  
        '************************************************************************* Pg''>6w>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) z]49dCN  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic k#oe:u`<  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant q*^m8  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Ue?mb$ykC.  
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        '************************************************************************* t+l{D#?a  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens )wM881_!  
        '************************************************************************* znkc@8_4  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) .rcXxV@f  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (g*mC7 HN  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost F*Y]^9]  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Bo4MoSF}  
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        '************************************************************************* G'<Ie@$6l  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) hU~up a<dD  
        '************************************************************************* uBUT84i  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]=%oBxWAP  
    :#zVF[Y(2  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 1G}\IK1+  
        count = 0 &-c{  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count TB%NHq-!  
            GetOperation eID, count, op  84g8$~M  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .5E6 MF  
                DeleteOperation eID,count L2Z-seE  
                count=count-1 e` eh;@9p  
            End If \uyZl2=WWa  
            count=count+1 r @URs;O=  
        Wend 9}|t`V"  
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        'Set new z-shift ~5;2ni8n  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" g/W&Ap;qVL  
        op.val1 = tlens #GfM!<q<  
        op.parent = parID U:fGIEz{ZY  
        AddOperation eID, op *?x[pqGq  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens }08Sv=XM  
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        '************************************************************************* ,R7RXpP7t  
        'Lens index of refraction eAK=ylF;  
        '************************************************************************* 1 uJpn  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) W5(.Hub}  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat tL\L4>^7T  
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        mat.Nd = nlens cq4sgQ?sW  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat p1']+4r%  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Rebo.6rG  
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        '************************************************************************* ?2<V./2F  
        'Pupil diameter [<JY[o=  
        '************************************************************************* \y0]BH  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 4vMjVbr  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) r:Ok z  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" jJK@i\bU_  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens z]R% A:6K  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Id?2(Tg  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) o(@^V!}V  
        count = 0 W0LJ Xp-v  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +-PFISa<r  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 4<S=KFT_  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,H@ x.  
                DeleteOperation eID,count *d}{7UMy#  
                count=count-1 blmY=/]  
            End If \os"j  
            count=count+1 vPET'Bf(YV  
        Wend ;BW-ag \9  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" dG%{&W9  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Jyyr'1/<k  
        op.parent = parID J8@7 5p9  
        AddOperation eID, op  Eikt,  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam -f=4\3y3p  
    [w}KjV/yi  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description xX\A& 9m  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) qR^i5JH}u  
        GetEntity eID, entity HC RmW'  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" T-.Bof(?w  
        SetEntity eID, entity |K'7BK_^J  
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        Update !UX7R\qu|  
        Print "DONE!" X~rHNRIU  
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    End Sub F=V_ACU  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: WbHI>tt  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters Dlx-mm_  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm  r95$( N  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2VgVn,c  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 E )%r}4u>  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 3.?B')  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 1fcyGZq  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 |&\cr\T\r  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 c3|/8  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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