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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 @0
x [zq2h3r 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ,o0Kev z X.
Ur`X 模型 4o";p}[b @*|UyK. 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 .nNZdta&= Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] K}
T=j+ #=0 BjW* 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. [+l6x1Am +*`kJ)uP 光源 rtbV*@Z - q(a~Ge 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 6WIs*$T2* l1`r%9gr [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 ,B_tAg4~ $0OOH4 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 @vib54G ~z]VDEJ{q 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 yJ]Va $M [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 _<F;&(o br TP}A [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 VR1[-OE
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e\c 视网膜的散射 O0
Uh /s+IstW 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 bZAL~z+ V }kItVx [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 G,B4=[Y g)ZMU^1 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ypGt6t(; =-r); d [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 /d! _Yp~Oj 脚本 ]xoG{%vgb dKD:mU",M 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Zo^]y' [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 7TI6EKr [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 XR[=W(m} $%'3w~h` 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Wb cm1I) 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 nN-S5?X# d+5~^\lV 分析 u8%X~K\ 1ZRkVHiz0 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 o[WDPIG [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 7Nk|9t W[j,QU 脚本代码 GP %hf{ xYW&Mfka
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. T2.[iD!A
aHYISjZ]> Dim entity As T_ENTITY [.Kp/,JY Dim op As T_OPERATION liLhvcd Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 6@8z3JW.A Dim A As Double ; Ad5Jk Dim pupilDiam As Double nu~]9~)I Dim eID As Long |S|'o*u Dim parID As Long S ++~w9} Dim count As Integer O1t$]k: Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 1(:!6PY Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double mK"s*tD Dim curv As Double, conic As Double {i8zM6eC Dim ok As Long gJrWewEe 3/ } Sub Main Kr|.I2?" p nI= '用户输入对话框 0jjtx'F Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 bJD$!*r\%! TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 d(ypFd9z Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 3/Z>W|w#w OKButton 40,91,90,21 w7Y@wa! CancelButton 190,91,90,21 udLI AV* Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 pPo xx"y TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 -]D/8,|s End Dialog sO6=w%l^ Dim dlg As UserDialog 8,!Oup R(VOHFvW6 ok = Dialog (dlg) 9`Fw}yAt ~) w4Tq If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed NY^0$h Print "Execution cancelled." ^IIy> End #eJ<fU6Da End If 1TGRIe) "opMS/a"7 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty +FqE fY4j If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then pe+h8 A = 0 'Default accommodation 7dACbqba Else 3+h3? A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) $$&.}}., End If ,%l}TSs <"P-7/j3j If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then }$L63;/H pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter vI5lp5( -3 Else X|eZpIA45 pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) )rG4Nga5} End If Cgh84
2% 1nskf*Z Print " " x4H#8ZK! Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ja';NIO- Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ` K{k0_{ x6s|al ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation IY#:v%U taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness 'D
?o^ FC,=g`Q! Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens ^9q#,6 CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens '= fk;AiQ Op?"G Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens Xzf,S;XV~ CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens .)!QsBU y@!o&,,mq tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness ty0P9.Q RE%f'y nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction 4<F
z![> X4!7/& 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation vb6EO[e%I 9 =;mY '************************************************************************* #T^2=7 w 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Q,xL8i
M, '************************************************************************* Wa<<"x$ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f;zNNx<
; GetCustomElement eID, entity ~,HFd` +C{-s parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) vCaN [ :Tg+)c Z ' Delete any shift(s) in z 'YNdrvz count = 0 +ZOiL[rS While GetOperationCount(eID)>count IL %]4, GetOperation eID, count, op X&qx4DL If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1I9v`eT4 DeleteOperation eID,count ]zSFX
=~(S count=count-1 XTJD> End If e}e8WR=B count=count+1 ==5F[UX Wend *n? 1C"l yS\&2"o 'Set new shift in XZM3zlg* op.Type = "ShiftZ" FI$:R op.val1 = taq :;7I_tb op.parent = parID lZ\8W^ AddOperation eID, op 5XZ!yYB? Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 (G>[A}- Iv6 q(c '************************************************************************* `um,S 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens a[O6xA% '************************************************************************* YZBh}l6t eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 37/n"\4 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -Ks>s } p'ZMj& SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant &[.`xZ(| Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant I9*cEZ!l=e Z .6dL '************************************************************************* "#j}F u_! 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens fe?Z33V '************************************************************************* 5~JT*Ny eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) (CmK>"C+ GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ATNOb JQ&t"`\k SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost +T+@g8S Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost %t9C I0)`tQ+ '************************************************************************* Ma[EgG 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) x%G3L\5 '************************************************************************* B[t^u\Fk N4!`iS Y parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9)q3cjP{< Tu#< {'1$ ' Delete any z-shift(s) ):D"LC count = 0 i--t
?@# While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |"3<\$[ GetOperation eID, count, op \c=I!<9 If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ux[<g%F" DeleteOperation eID,count l90mM'[ count=count-1 ETe4I`d{ End If k9^Hmhjw count=count+1 +&Ld`d!n Wend A =Wg0eYy\ g`7XE 'Set new z-shift XIeLu"TSL op.Type = "ShiftZ" n|SV)92o1 op.val1 = tlens (yOkf-e2y op.parent = parID <uH8Fivb AddOperation eID, op z ^gJy,T Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 0B
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@&Wk '************************************************************************* *eVq(R9?T 'Lens index of refraction X%1TsCKMj '************************************************************************* `@]s[1?f eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) [I $+wWW_ GetModelMaterial eID, mat RpHlq [4Z 31v> mat.Nd = nlens "/#JC}] SetModelMaterial eID, mat lfGyK4: Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens gV_/t+jI 2ej7Ql_@c '************************************************************************* 'Ts:. 'Pupil diameter Hd|l6/[xz '************************************************************************* L[` l80 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) yzA05 npTl kX 1}/l 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) h~MV=7
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M: SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" nR!e( Kz4S6N c ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens <#63tN9 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \INH[X#> eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) v\0 G`&^1 count = 0 ,g`%+s7 u While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~}/Dl#9R! GetOperation eID, count, op ,b+NhxdZ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E-MPFL DeleteOperation eID,count B~Q-V&@o count=count-1 /'O8RUjN End If TBhM^\z count=count+1 Tt[zSlIMx Wend [\uR3$j# op.Type = "ShiftZ" $6QIYF"" op.val1 = taq-0.01 <_tmkLeZf op.parent = parID cw;wv+|k AddOperation eID, op o<2GtF1"o r );R/)& Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam A5?" I0=_=aZO( 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Nz{dnV{&x; eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) aD/Rr3v> GetEntity eID, entity ^\)a[OWp entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" &{iC:zp SetEntity eID, entity UN I< r <J[le= Update ~m%[d.
}e Print "DONE!" eh#37*- N,ht<
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