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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介  4{?x(~  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 L$xRn/\  
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模型 dF,FH-  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 a#IJ<^[8  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. f+6l0@K2  
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光源 m&q;.|W  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 =<05PB  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 *LRGfk+h  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ASvPr*q/  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 IMZKlU3  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 >D<=9G(a  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 }'W^Ki$  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 q,DX{:  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 AG7}$O.  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: F4x7;?W{*  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 wIF ":'  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 F9\Ot^~  
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分析 $O'2oeM  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 j>xVy]v=|  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 A#X.c=  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. es[5B* 5  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY N[bN"'U/1  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION dyzw J70K  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 41o!2(e$  
    Dim A As Double >iH).:j  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 1bg@[YN!;  
    Dim eID As Long tR* W-%  
    Dim parID As Long NP`s[  
    Dim count As Integer cqY.^f.  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double -]\E}Ti  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3:joSQa  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ]HV~xD7\  
    Dim ok As Long MLBg_<  
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    Sub Main yvWzc uL#  
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        '用户输入对话框 = 6<w'>  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 I"sobZ`  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 xd fvme[  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 &]6K]sWJK{  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 -ouJf}#R  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 #IaBl?}r^  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 3Ge<G  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 >|/ ? Up  
        End Dialog @MZ6E$I  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 1LE^dS^V  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) xrVZxK:!  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Da8$Is;n  
            Print "Execution cancelled." p (xD/E  
            End y'!p>/%v  
        End If /-{O\7-D  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty CESe}^)n  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then nUud?F^_  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation .l( r8qY#  
        Else !|<f%UO  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) GQ-e$D@SfB  
        End If :qCm71*  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then DAMpR3  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter lv\F+?]a  
        Else p=-B~:  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) h`EH~W0:z  
        End If 9(^X2L&Z  
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        Print " " R!/,E  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" &Qq/Xi,bZ  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" SEQO2`]e:  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation =>:% n  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness @%G'U&R{  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens F@_Egi  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens D)*_{   
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens }uvKE|umj  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens f`u5\!}=!  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness dWW-tHv#  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction r\l3_t  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ,WO%L~db  
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        '************************************************************************* C NzSBm  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) >uyeI&z  
        '************************************************************************* 5&n988g C8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (EOec5qXU  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity c ?p0#3%L#  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) u,Q_WR-wJ  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 5S|}:~7T  
        count = 0 , `[Z`SUk`  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count bG5^h  
            GetOperation eID, count, op mJGO)u&  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (s V]UGrZ  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Sg CqxFii  
                count=count-1 7 zJrT5   
            End If ]|C_`,ux  
            count=count+1 k Z+q  
        Wend 6:|!1Pg5  
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        'Set new shift in ,yHzo  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" fR]p+\#8u*  
        op.val1 = taq i_[ HcgT-  
        op.parent = parID DJ1XN pm  
        AddOperation eID, op 3xmiX{1e  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 (opROsFh  
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        '************************************************************************* ="5k\1W1M  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ny!lj a5[  
        '************************************************************************* fB;&n  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) d{iu+=NXz  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic a<57(Sf  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 7X9+Qj;  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `G"|MM>P  
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        '************************************************************************* oglXW8  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Hl^aUp.c  
        '************************************************************************* RlI W&y  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) x"(7t3xK  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic b[J-ja.  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost p<of<YU)  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost AI^AK0.L  
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        '************************************************************************* tl{]gz  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) "J]f0m=  
        '************************************************************************* " jl1.Ah  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) m+D2hK*  
    \b_-mnN"  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) ~&wXXVK3  
        count = 0 FSW3'  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +?URVp  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 4&FNU)tt  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then i;[h 9=\/  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ]yyU)V0Iu  
                count=count-1 ?Ia4H   
            End If X0^zw^2W  
            count=count+1 g>6:CG"  
        Wend 3gxf~$)?  
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        'Set new z-shift J>f /u:.  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" *)j@G:  
        op.val1 = tlens 4u3 \xR?w6  
        op.parent = parID v t^r1j  
        AddOperation eID, op tpv?`(DDU  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens > [Xm|A#  
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        '************************************************************************* |x1$b 7  
        'Lens index of refraction fl!mYCPv  
        '************************************************************************* 7ZF}0K$^B  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) }U2[?  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat &tlR~?$e*  
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        mat.Nd = nlens 1zdYBb6;j  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat `^O'V}T  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens rDpe_varA  
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        '************************************************************************* 3cmbK  
        'Pupil diameter re7!p(W?,  
        '************************************************************************* R!sNg   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) <2n'}&F  
    jFgZ}Xp  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @)  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" z VnIr<!8_  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \U==f &G?J  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) xg(<oDn+\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) B#J{F  
        count = 0 BfX%|CWh  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  UP\8w#~  
            GetOperation eID, count, op P1dN32H o  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lTn;3'  
                DeleteOperation eID,count )$MS 0[?  
                count=count-1 g<M0|eX@~  
            End If #N; $  
            count=count+1 .=?Sz*3  
        Wend *hV4[=  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" HTxB=Q|  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 #X4LLS]VV  
        op.parent = parID 0rV/qMo;K  
        AddOperation eID, op k"t >He  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam {PL,VY)Z  
    &q.)2o#Q.  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 3QH(4N  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3)dP7rmZ  
        GetEntity eID, entity )sqaR^  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" [70Y,,w  
        SetEntity eID, entity r~I.F!{  
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        Update P;jlHZ9?O  
        Print "DONE!" : g&>D#{  
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    End Sub yj>) {NcX  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: l+oDq'[q"  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters *`%4loW  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm <Uf|PFVj$  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 dZF8 R  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 9-B@GFB;8  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 gEE9/\>%-  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 eVTO#R*'|  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 "X`Qe!zk4  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 cY{I:MA+h@  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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