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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 0U~*uDU  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 rzs-c ?  
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模型 e^'|<0J  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 K:^0*5Y-k  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. &36SX<vZ  
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光源 )_1 GPS  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 }8PO m#  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 ,ryL( "G  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 h[&"KA  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 TDUY&1[  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 ZPyzx\6\  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 wYg!H>5  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 Zk`yd8C  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 R(`:~@ 3\6  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: '3Lu_]I-  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 i'7+ ?YL  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Qr9;CVW  
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分析 BBRL _6  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ~Ix2O   
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 XTo7fbW*  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. #3QPcoxa  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Jsysk $R  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION z@i4  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL d<6F'F^w.7  
    Dim A As Double 5$: toL  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double & cSVOsi  
    Dim eID As Long ?9kC[4G  
    Dim parID As Long 3o%vV*  
    Dim count As Integer H*'1bLzq  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 80Dn!9j*  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double M'PZ{6;  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double R7kkth  
    Dim ok As Long RZzHlZ  
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    Sub Main + cfEyiub  
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        '用户输入对话框 N)H "'#-  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ];OvV ,*  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 d )O^(y1r  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |QDoi[ *  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 x9vSekV  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 [OW <<6  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 sD:o 2(G*  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 x#J9GP.  
        End Dialog #wI}93E  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog  u]P|  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) wlT8|  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed rm8Ys61\=  
            Print "Execution cancelled." `RL Wr,h  
            End iT>u&0B-  
        End If mGjB{Q+  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty H~a ~ 'tm  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then C#kE{Qw10r  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ]YgR  
        Else s;BMj^x  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) p~ b4TRvA6  
        End If |9#q7kM  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then w+g29  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter eV[{c %wN:  
        Else C/e.BXA  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2)  g2vm]j  
        End If 3iCe5VF  
    Q K]P=pE'C  
        Print " " {821e&r  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" P`biHs8O  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" srVWN:uuH  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation q)?%END  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness uUI#^ A  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens V<QpC5  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens :_8K8Sa  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens |_;kQ(,  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens _:r8UVAT.  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ]9oj,k  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 7=P)`@  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation T lXS}5^  
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        '************************************************************************* aTvyz r1  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) )Te\6qM  
        '************************************************************************* <Wn~s=  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 8<VDp Y  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity |! 9~  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) imM!Me 0TE  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z *~PB  
        count = 0 2*cNd}qr  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -wn-PB@r  
            GetOperation eID, count, op iJ{axa &  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then PaTOlHr  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 0~nX7  
                count=count-1 lQIg0G/3  
            End If 7P$*qj~Vh  
            count=count+1 o,i_py  
        Wend Ku[q #_7  
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        'Set new shift in fzJiW@-T  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" b 8@}Jv  
        op.val1 = taq z 0?MeH#  
        op.parent = parID +3))G  
        AddOperation eID, op K_M Ed1l  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 lMgguu~qg  
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        '************************************************************************* dp W`e>o  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ^tTM 7  
        '************************************************************************* > )4~,-;k  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) r*{.|>me  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic R~=c1bpdq  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant /[/L%;a'p  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant dw6ysOR@  
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        '************************************************************************* Sstz_t  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 3ML^ dZ'  
        '************************************************************************* -o/Vp>_UOE  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) nKE^km  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic f#c}}>V8  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost H ezbCwsx&  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Yv1yRoDv  
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        '************************************************************************* >_Tyzl>z  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) |K. I%B  
        '************************************************************************* !~zn*Hm  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 'z9 1aNG]  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 13@e mb  
        count = 0 =o~mZ/ 7=M  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count TTO8tT3[6}  
            GetOperation eID, count, op +184|nJ<2  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then KEy8EB  
                DeleteOperation eID,count K7s[Fa6J  
                count=count-1 o5]-Kuw`  
            End If SEnr"}  
            count=count+1 y:E$n!  
        Wend gR/?MJ(v  
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        'Set new z-shift k/F#-},Q.  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" BuvnY  
        op.val1 = tlens [VX5r1-F  
        op.parent = parID otaRA  
        AddOperation eID, op +6:  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens a,fcKe&B  
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        '************************************************************************* 5ms]Wbh)  
        'Lens index of refraction F(j;|okf;  
        '************************************************************************* 9y[U\[H  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) BJ_"FG  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1Y"9<ry  
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        mat.Nd = nlens SWtqp(h]'  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ;0| :.q  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens vMY!Z1.*  
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        '************************************************************************* tW!*W?  
        'Pupil diameter O=LW[h!  
        '************************************************************************* ml2/}}  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) W$7H "tg  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) u-jV@Tz  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" X!{K`~DRX  
    "1\GU1x  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens HS*Y%*  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }T PyHq"  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) EhKG"Lb+  
        count = 0 VL5VYv=:  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eU)QoVt  
            GetOperation eID, count, op #" "T>+  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?x 0gI   
                DeleteOperation eID,count tZx}/&m-  
                count=count-1 ?v:FGO  
            End If PZ#up{[o  
            count=count+1 LRaO}-<b  
        Wend V^!^wLLi  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" |Y6;8e`H  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 "*`!.9pt  
        op.parent = parID '.N}oL<gP  
        AddOperation eID, op a* }>yad  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam x|AND]^Q  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description KSS]%66Y  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y~!A"$   
        GetEntity eID, entity wKpb%3  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" pd`m//G  
        SetEntity eID, entity 2yFT` 5+H4  
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        Update uzmYkBv  
        Print "DONE!" f.%3G+  
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    End Sub _cC!rq U1  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: D vU1+ y  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters /ece}7M  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 3G<4rH]  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4Z=`;  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 z Fj|E  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Q}l~n)=  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 rH,@"( p\  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 `:EhYj.   
    Set pupil diameter = 4 (C uM*-  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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