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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 DKF` xuJP  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ]=p^32  
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模型 (((|vI3 <  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 G +&pq  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. u@;e`-@  
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光源 91-[[<  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 dvM%" k  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 <'QI_mP*  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ]V)*WP#a  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ^wD`sj<Qg  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 cvQAo|  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 lwz\" 8  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 G{{M' 1  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 m\XG7uo~  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: E *IP#:R  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 .lq83; k  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ~L>86/hP,N  
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分析 =6+99<G|%M  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 yn"4qC#Z  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 nt+OaXe5D  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. l^$'6q"  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY J3(E{w8Q  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ,QpFVlPU  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n I&p.i6  
    Dim A As Double 5 @-H8*  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Y9>92#aME  
    Dim eID As Long =Xg/[J%  
    Dim parID As Long h5pfmN\-5  
    Dim count As Integer @g4o8nH}  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double hF$qH^-c*A  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double N>,`TsUwW  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double zsd1n`r  
    Dim ok As Long Lr 5{c5M  
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    Sub Main \gB ~0@[\7  
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        '用户输入对话框 .c ~z^6x  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 H17I" 5N  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ]@b9m  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 EFljUT?&  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 vV*J;%MO  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 dS3\P5D.*c  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 -*MY7t3  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 =4co$oD}  
        End Dialog 1kw*Q:   
        Dim dlg As UserDialog )5LT!14  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) =JgR c7  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed *i^$xjOa  
            Print "Execution cancelled." <+-n lK4  
            End Hz."4nhv  
        End If abm 3q!a-  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty <Q/)SN6_E  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then [A/2 Ms  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation u~j H  
        Else op5 `#{  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) r A(A$VR  
        End If ]W14'Z  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then j&_>_*.y  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter V){Io_"  
        Else /\# f@Sg  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) pR93T+X  
        End If @R50M (@W  
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        Print " " G^#>HE|  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" HXSryjF?  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" v N\[2r%S  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation H"8B4~*7H  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness H.4ISmXU  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens W/xPVmnV  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 1h?ve,$  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens *c[w9(fU  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens <tF q^qB  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness h7q{i|5  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Wn+s:o v  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation _Ffg"xoC  
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        '************************************************************************* 5~?6]=hl  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) g/!MEOVx  
        '************************************************************************* qX5>[qf-  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .Iqqjk  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 2SC-c `9)  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $M,<=.oT  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z G&^8)S@1  
        count = 0 (9I(e^@]  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (LmU\Pe%  
            GetOperation eID, count, op $.4A?,d  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %'s_ =r`  
                DeleteOperation eID,count y!P!Fif'  
                count=count-1 B2Y.1mXq  
            End If By8SRWs  
            count=count+1 ZBpcC0 z  
        Wend 1bQO:n):~  
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        'Set new shift in ,4t6Cq!  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6CHb\k  
        op.val1 = taq Y?J/KW3  
        op.parent = parID TU^ZvAO&  
        AddOperation eID, op 7Qd$@  m  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 >dJuk6J&c&  
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        '************************************************************************* A)"L+Yu5  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens SgewAng?@o  
        '************************************************************************* b`D]L/}pr  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 27ZqdHd  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic AJEbiP  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant C}mhnU@  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant !;|#=A9  
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        '************************************************************************* mN]WjfII  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens SXqB<j$.;  
        '************************************************************************* 7yyX8p>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) =h vPq@C%  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic uPl}NEwU|  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Anyy  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 7>gjq'0  
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        '************************************************************************* y@~ VE5N  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) z8t;jw  
        '************************************************************************* JK< []>O  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) xtP:Q9!N  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) n46!H0mJ  
        count = 0 6?[P^{GpH  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /g+-{+sx  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Xrb7.Y0d  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5Z_C (5)/Y  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ugTsI~aE  
                count=count-1 2YZ>nqy  
            End If vq(#Ih2  
            count=count+1 a_P|KRl  
        Wend /_m )D;!y  
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        'Set new z-shift Pp!4Ak4TT9  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ"  *1["x;A  
        op.val1 = tlens tWy.Gz\  
        op.parent = parID X$6NJ(2G  
        AddOperation eID, op e,}h^^"  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 46NuT]6/4  
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        '************************************************************************* \_,p@r]Q  
        'Lens index of refraction /J-'[Mc'D[  
        '************************************************************************* >Vt2@Ee  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) tIDN~[1  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1}la)lC  
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        mat.Nd = nlens !i-t6f  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat B@M9oNWHu  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ~;CNWJtcf(  
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        '************************************************************************* iS+"Jsz  
        'Pupil diameter Ph""[0n%o  
        '************************************************************************* 082iE G  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) eg/itty  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) b]z_2h~`  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" d*{Cv2A.  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ![K\)7iKo  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7mYcO3{5{  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "dIWHfQB  
        count = 0 b3-j2`#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /gF)msUF  
            GetOperation eID, count, op bT 42G [x  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5]I)qij q  
                DeleteOperation eID,count }UsH#!9.  
                count=count-1 Q /?`);  
            End If gNP1UH4m  
            count=count+1 VnW6$W?g  
        Wend ^ 3 4Ng  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" I[|Y 2i  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 d lfjx  
        op.parent = parID B,%6sa~I  
        AddOperation eID, op &2u |7U.  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam <J+Oh\8tad  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 7<]&pSt=  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *B!Ox}CI.L  
        GetEntity eID, entity J8S$YRZ_  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" -y!Dg6 A  
        SetEntity eID, entity KDEyVYO:  
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        Update `Z,WKus  
        Print "DONE!" m   uO.  
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    End Sub z{OL+-OY  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: (LTu=1  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters X8Z) W?vu  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm D+uo gRS61  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 vaF1e:(  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 cwvJH&%0  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 \wz^Z{U  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 xL_QTj  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 kIS )*_  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 bgE]Wk0  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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