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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 XB;7!8|  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 :(U ,x<>  
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模型 gS!:+G%  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 xC?6v '  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ,a{P4Bq  
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光源 '2A)}uR  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 )` SrfGp8  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 p;`>e>$  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6IN e@  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 fh&nu"&  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 t4."/ .=+  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 CCs%%U/=  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 rK 8lBy:<  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 `z}?"BW|  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: g.k"]lP  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 C!O0xhs  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 _O)>$.^6  
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分析 ~p6 V,Q  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 B6+khuG(  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 J/`<!$<c  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. tH@Erh|%  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY {S]}.7`l9(  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION etDk35!h~,  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL BiLY(1,  
    Dim A As Double ~Y[r`]X`"m  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double >a<.mU|#  
    Dim eID As Long AG nxYV"p  
    Dim parID As Long R`5.[?Dt  
    Dim count As Integer RF$eQzW  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 5:[0z5Hww  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3Y4?CM&0v  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double k!j5tsiR  
    Dim ok As Long r.=K~A  
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    Sub Main D(op)]8  
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        '用户输入对话框 T3.&R#1M8-  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 S&5&];Ag  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :1Xz4wkWS*  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |)th1 UH  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 JAnZdfRt  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 :wyno#8`-  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 #6aW9GO  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ?/E~/;+7=  
        End Dialog tyDU @M  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog IJp-BTO{V  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg)  `,*3[  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed WF+99?75  
            Print "Execution cancelled." |-67 \p]  
            End #powub  
        End If r EE1sy/#  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty |Pax=oJ\M  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then \A#41  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation a 7 V-C  
        Else K hR81\  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) U[-o> W#  
        End If vzAaxk%  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then _Kf%\xg  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Y;M|D'y+  
        Else OX7M8cmc+  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) yjX9oxhtL  
        End If B)g[3gQ  
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        Print " " 3BJ0S.TF  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" M#6W(|V/  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" wH&!W~M  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation s WvBv  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness '3fu  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens )F>#*P  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens >uB# &Q  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens {$ JYw{a  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens OX!tsARC@  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness YnAm{YyI  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction wKxtre(v  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Om\vMd@!  
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        '************************************************************************* HyZqUb Ha  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) zu{P#~21  
        '************************************************************************* k$R-#f;  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~Ea} /Au  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity K7:)nv E  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) E,U+o $  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z O KR "4n:  
        count = 0 6ojo :-%Vf  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count d#4**BM  
            GetOperation eID, count, op J @1!Oq>  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ckuh:bs  
                DeleteOperation eID,count BLiF 5  
                count=count-1 ucW-I;"  
            End If >uhaW@d  
            count=count+1 <)c)%'v  
        Wend Fj3a.'  
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        'Set new shift in K!Y71_#  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~IBP|)WA-  
        op.val1 = taq k2tF}  
        op.parent = parID :KP @RZm  
        AddOperation eID, op k)=s>&hl  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 BG]#o| KW  
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        '************************************************************************* C1n>M}b  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens s8t;.^1}  
        '************************************************************************* CxW>~O:  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) j-}O0~Jz  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7# Kn8s  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant O;jrCB  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `e&Suyf4B  
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        '************************************************************************* i3mcx)d@H  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ,<P vovg_  
        '************************************************************************* -zeG1gr3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) .|fH y  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 3~ {:`[0Q  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost J<h $ wM  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost E4/Dr}4  
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        '*************************************************************************  >Abdd  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8wFJ4v3  
        '************************************************************************* bJTBjS-7  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) aeM+ d`f  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) Cnh \%OW  
        count = 0 ;h  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _A9AEi'.  
            GetOperation eID, count, op &n:.k}/P  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Qe:seW  
                DeleteOperation eID,count e6$WQd`O  
                count=count-1 {hrX'2:ClT  
            End If I1M%J@Cz  
            count=count+1 ]GkfEh7/J  
        Wend Q/0Tj]D  
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        'Set new z-shift t-bB>q#3>  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5<Nx^D  
        op.val1 = tlens o]oum,Q  
        op.parent = parID Dp-z[]})1  
        AddOperation eID, op S;#'M![8  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens h MD|#A-<  
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        '************************************************************************* >_T-u<E  
        'Lens index of refraction )1`0PJoHE  
        '************************************************************************* fJ!R6D  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) #c.K/&Gc7j  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat \"OG6G_>$  
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        mat.Nd = nlens |t#)~Oo  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat sS'm!7*(3  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens .|i.Cq8  
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        '************************************************************************* RQ" ,3.R==  
        'Pupil diameter ope^~+c~\  
        '************************************************************************* Z o(rTCZX  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) jasy<IqT!{  
    @Z:l62l=bE  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) M@v.c; Lt  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" {q^[a-h>  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens >@ .  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) p}U ~+:v  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) {8bSB.?R  
        count = 0 a~y'RyA  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B>P{A7Q  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ^RIl  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 07{)?1cod4  
                DeleteOperation eID,count t!7-DF|N  
                count=count-1 4zFW-yy  
            End If )|# sfHv7  
            count=count+1 LG#t<5y~  
        Wend #5o(h+w)  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Wt~BU.  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 f x+/C8GK  
        op.parent = parID z9Rp`z&`E  
        AddOperation eID, op q9s=~d7  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam V1B5w_^>h'  
    <=C!VVk4f  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description "87:?v[[1  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &\*(Q*2N  
        GetEntity eID, entity OYn}5RN  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Se =`N  
        SetEntity eID, entity Q*ft7$l&  
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        Update z*% q@]ym  
        Print "DONE!" g{&ui.ml&  
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    End Sub GC}==^1  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: &6nWzF  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters *u;Iw{.{  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm .U]-j\  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ^s"R$?;h  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 -PR N:'T  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 {F.[&/A  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 Vs!Nmv`  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 86F1.ve  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 I9ep`X6Y  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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