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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 |B\76Nk  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 9A\\2Zz6F  
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模型 9}G<\y  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 !}"PHby5N  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 7;sF0oB5e  
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光源 EPEn"{;U  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ?y~"\iP  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 x^YsXzu  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 aSfAu!j)  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 gJOD+~  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 (^)(#CxO  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Z4T{CwD`D  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ,Q+.kAh !G  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 !z+'mF?V+X  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: [85tZr]  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 vyruUYFWe  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 7hKfxw-X@  
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分析 f"G-',O<  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 TmLfH d  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 j =PM]  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. eeOG(@@o(  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 7n'Ww=ttI  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ?#/~ BZR!  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL f2i9UZ$=e!  
    Dim A As Double Vx=tP.BO]  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 6oq/\D$6~  
    Dim eID As Long s[u*~A  
    Dim parID As Long pT<I!,~  
    Dim count As Integer V`"Cd?R0Z  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double i$XT Qr0K=  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double b'(Hwc\ t  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double `s_k+ g  
    Dim ok As Long +-MieiKv  
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    Sub Main n6#z{,W<3  
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        '用户输入对话框 G8Zl[8  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 d@+u&xrd  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 @8|i@S@4  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 g"X!&$ &  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Q6%Pp_$k  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 _5v]69C#  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 vH>s2\V"  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 KzLkT7,y+  
        End Dialog vk|xYDD  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog }ykc AK3U  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) Eyg F,>.4  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 4siq  
            Print "Execution cancelled." OBnvY2)Ri  
            End  cjf_,x  
        End If ~p\r( B7G  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty cf*SWKs  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then W%< z|  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation }n?D#Pk,  
        Else >ToI$~84  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) wo\O 0?d3{  
        End If 3Hhu]5  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 2mfG: ^^c  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter GT-ONwVDq  
        Else hGU 3DKHT  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) muIJeQ.C  
        End If ZtX \E+mC  
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        Print " " OA&r8WK3  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" }}4uLGu)  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" s mqUFo  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation /=:F w}vt  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness dG}*M25  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens cs)R8vuB)z  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens G PL^!_  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Y|-:z@n6C  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens v'SqH,=d  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Xb1is\JB  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction zz-X5PFn  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation r ['zp=9  
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        '************************************************************************* hGo/Ve+@  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) X92I==-w  
        '************************************************************************* ~?KbpB|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) b:x*Hjf  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity _`xhP-,`S  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `k3sl 0z%  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z [q(}~0{"-  
        count = 0 \;!g@?CA  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count E=qfI>2U&  
            GetOperation eID, count, op +l>X Z  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /cx Ei6I-  
                DeleteOperation eID,count @mEB=X(-l=  
                count=count-1 EP6@5PNZ  
            End If U sV?}  
            count=count+1 h BzZJ/jn  
        Wend /@6T~XY M  
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        'Set new shift in ?r^>Vk}  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" uEyus96 +  
        op.val1 = taq n/+G^:~_  
        op.parent = parID ^1X 6DH`  
        AddOperation eID, op #Z}YQ $g  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 oC(.u?  
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        '************************************************************************* 2jyxP6t  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens {$v>3FG  
        '************************************************************************* q (}#{OO  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Fc a_(jw  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic cfPQcB>A  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant HLl"=m1/>  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant /(Ryh6M  
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        '************************************************************************* 5>rjL ;  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens S|T*-?|  
        '************************************************************************* BU=Ta$#BZ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) -m Sf`1l0  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ]wV_xZ)l^A  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost USbFUHdDc  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost `B7?F$J  
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        '************************************************************************* 3s Mmg`  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) %DhLU~VX  
        '************************************************************************* |JTDwmR  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) L7s _3\  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 5} 1qo7;  
        count = 0 9D51@b6k  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xd]7?L@h.I  
            GetOperation eID, count, op \"$jj<gc  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ve t<,;Te  
                DeleteOperation eID,count z A@w[.  
                count=count-1 J24H}^~na  
            End If !-q)9K?  
            count=count+1 hr/|Fn+kA  
        Wend iI!g1  
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        'Set new z-shift NucLf6  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]0 ;,M  
        op.val1 = tlens LgA> ,.  
        op.parent = parID dlc'=M  
        AddOperation eID, op D?r% Y  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens QykHB k  
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        '************************************************************************* n2&M?MGX  
        'Lens index of refraction BmCBC,j<v>  
        '************************************************************************* mH!\]fmR~  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ~JohcU}d  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat a>Xq   
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        mat.Nd = nlens IYB;X  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat <u2iXH5w  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens j9 &0/ ~/  
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        '************************************************************************* T$s)aM  
        'Pupil diameter n16TQe"8  
        '************************************************************************* e[t1V/ah  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) u|\K kk  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 8rSu,&<  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" >2;KPV0H  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens t 2&}  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 30L/-+r1  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ??XtN.]7  
        count = 0 dsA::jR0P6  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count L'}^Av_+  
            GetOperation eID, count, op _<l9j;6  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then bv'Z~@<c  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 9XW[NY#)#  
                count=count-1 Ui;PmwQc&  
            End If 8Nxyc>8K~  
            count=count+1 D}EH9d  
        Wend nF{>RD  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" T( sEk  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 4t0-L]v4.*  
        op.parent = parID 'K3%@,O  
        AddOperation eID, op <zF/at  
    }o9(Q8  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Y# ?M%I%j  
    j:'!P<#  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description EO \@#",a  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Fj0h-7L  
        GetEntity eID, entity Xc7Qu?}  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" \}NZ] l  
        SetEntity eID, entity SLI358]$<  
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        Update ru1FJ{n  
        Print "DONE!" 9/LJ tM  
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    End Sub >`+-Yi$(\  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: 8rgNG7d  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters )z2hyGX  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm O,!4 W\s  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 8??%H7~  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 3W}xYYs] ^  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Wy,Tf*[  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 3 Ho<4_I,  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 X P_ V  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 a+{95"4  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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