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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 +=Wdn)T v!A|n3B]p 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Els= :4 CJ 模型 QL18MbfqP
a|uZJ* 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Po.BcytM Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] v^fOT5\ 3G|fo4g 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. %0]b5u `|Z@UPHzG 光源 J6D$ i+ a&Du5(r;! 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Zb;$ZUWQX e~]e9-L>I [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 g8A{aHb1} ItE~MJ5p 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 _C=[bI@ BrMp_M 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 5G;^OI!g [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 XYF~Q9~ %MZDm&f>Kk [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 ]},Q`n>$ 5XO'OSdYq 视网膜的散射 9R"N#w.U] -Bv1}xf=6 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 f?zK" <JM%Kn ) [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 VQjFEJ .+L_!A 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 1'm`SRX#e ef:$1VIBda [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 L00;rTs> ikG9l&n 脚本 edk9Qd9 ,h.Jfo54, 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: UH&1c8y} [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 / ! [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 gdFoTcHgO| m3Z}eC8LK 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ';|>`< 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ! vVjZ (i0"hi 分析 8421-c6y> }rA+W-7 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 A+1]Ql)$ [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 ^'53]b: +\[![r^P 脚本代码 G[<[#$( !^bB/e
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ]op^dW1;0_
dzE Q$u/I Dim entity As T_ENTITY cc(r,ij~4 Dim op As T_OPERATION 1o~U+s_r Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Vt)\[Tl~ Dim A As Double +IO1ipc4cE Dim pupilDiam As Double ?"<r9S|[O Dim eID As Long O-!fOdX8_k Dim parID As Long XvkI+c Dim count As Integer c]!D`FA*K Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double X)iWb(@k"7 Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double +s(IQt Dim curv As Double, conic As Double a.dxgW[ Dim ok As Long 7}tZ?vD 9H, &nET Sub Main +V+*7s%fL -=t3O# '用户输入对话框 :UDn^(# Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 [T[9*6Kt TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 w]Ko/;;^2 Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 vXM/nw|5 OKButton 40,91,90,21
2HK CancelButton 190,91,90,21 |RAQ% VXm Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 yK%GsCJd: TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 &A9A#It End Dialog YK?*7 Dim dlg As UserDialog Ux)p%- ,+f0cv4 ok = Dialog (dlg) hr!f:D mQ^@ \s If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed ?y*+^E0 Print "Execution cancelled." 'K@{vB End C=dx4U~
End If ,8xP8T~Kmv VkTlPmr 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty X#kjt)W If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then N{hF [F A = 0 'Default accommodation @
Zgl> Else Oa\ `; A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) A M1C
$ End If Id.Z[owC`Y l@tyg7CwY If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ]Ic?:lKN pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter ^L8Wn6s' Else x'@32gv pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) inPdV9 End If Bd[L6J) Rgfc29(8 Print " " te\h?H Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" D-o7yc"K Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" hM36QOdm jI{~s]Q ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Tn@UX(^, taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness hLyTUt~\L X@yr$3vC Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens aucZJjH CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens @Ge>i5q `dgM|.w5= Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens ,XeyE;|| CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens 9b" 9m*gC S7UZGGjTk tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness )H;pGM: L8bI0a]r"* nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction Y3P.| t":W.q< 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation T}n}.JwU zmB31' _ '************************************************************************* && DD 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) o9m '************************************************************************* {*?sVAvj eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2<[eD`u GetCustomElement eID, entity (Pk"NEP Ue{vg$5|| parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3C rQBIj1 Wa[x`:cT?u ' Delete any shift(s) in z 4-7kS85 count = 0 +9CEC1-l While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <$i"zb GetOperation eID, count, op >Lw}KO` If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @,x_i8 DeleteOperation eID,count .1.J5>/n count=count-1 jFuC=6aF End If x7P([^i count=count+1 o~v_PD[S Wend J$#h(D% y:[BP4H ?y 'Set new shift in ;dqk@@O"( op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5q|+p?C op.val1 = taq )\T@W op.parent = parID -ajM5S=d* AddOperation eID, op V&Xi> X8 Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ~lzdbX 10C 2= '************************************************************************* SXRdNPXFO 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ] vC=.&] '************************************************************************* NXzU0 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) I?_E,.)[ I GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Xh.+pJl,* G1kaF/`O SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant kCima/+_ Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant H-eEhI(;O ! jbEm8bt '************************************************************************* )n\*ht7 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens cQ8dc+ { '************************************************************************* "| Kf'/r eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) `9.dgV GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic R<f#r0 3@| 9o-!ecx} SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost B0f_kH~p~ Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9pWi.J `1nRcY '************************************************************************* `S"W8_m 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) i]it5 '************************************************************************* G/v|!}?wG ^C!mCTL1N parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) IE&_!ce w[
Axs8N' ' Delete any z-shift(s) nIf N" count = 0 y L*LJ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +"'F Be GetOperation eID, count, op ?qk@cKS If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then BjM+0[HC DeleteOperation eID,count :/+>e
IE count=count-1 +0VG[c\8 End If p1+7<Y: count=count+1 $Axng
J c Wend (~S<EUc$ :@.C4oq 'Set new z-shift (nGkZ}p op.Type = "ShiftZ" XZ}de%U1 op.val1 = tlens L>SZgmV+ op.parent = parID ya:sW5fk AddOperation eID, op cv3L&zg M Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens A:/}` vCj4;P g '************************************************************************* 7'Lp8 'Lens index of refraction VsEGX@;tO '************************************************************************* UmJUt| eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) &GuF\wJ{7 GetModelMaterial eID, mat VSh !4z1 d7E7f mat.Nd = nlens hHpx?9O+! SetModelMaterial eID, mat &`\ ep9 Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens u=%y (#oYyM] '************************************************************************* :AZp} 'Pupil diameter i<mevL
'************************************************************************* j~epbl)pC eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 8/Mx5~ R +kM\
D~D1 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) !}ilN 1> ~x'zX-@rC SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" zhX;6= X2 T8U[xu.> ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens i-b1d'?Rb parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) zO%w_7w eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) gV|Y54}T count = 0 H<,bq*@ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #pX8{Tf[ GetOperation eID, count, op glx2I_y If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }t\
10nQ DeleteOperation eID,count p'}lN|"{O count=count-1 k52QaMKa~A End If ~
7}] count=count+1 DcN"=Y Wend e8{^f]5 op.Type = "ShiftZ" :9`qogF> op.val1 = taq-0.01 uoHqL IpQ op.parent = parID };rm3;~ eg AddOperation eID, op Pg
Syt ugI#ZFjJWE Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam +#~O'r]%GG !Av1Leb9$ 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description [t{](- eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8"i/wMP] GetEntity eID, entity Pu..NPl+ entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "R23Pi SetEntity eID, entity @bT3'K-4 iS Update KaW~ERx5 Print "DONE!" B9*Sfw% Y%g "Y End Sub jn$j^51`C &hI>L 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: >ZeEX,N B'p5M.6d#: Accommodation = 4 Diopters ^wJEfac Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 0wFh%/: Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 &2{]hRM Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 E~RV1) Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 @Dj:4 Set lens thickness = 3.927 VjB*{, Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 /PqUXF Set pupil diameter = 4 W`x)=y]Z DONE!
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