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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 R9dC$Y]\M  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Yh^~4S?  
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模型 +y}4^3Vx^  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Er 4P  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. S7/0B4[  
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光源 \&|zD"*  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 >'qkW$-95  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 tks3xS  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 >Ei-Spy>Xl  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 =|@%5&.P  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 |fQl0hL  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 =Wb!j18]  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 z / YF7wrx  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 aN87^[  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: d#?.G3YmK  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 s@WF[S7D  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 [c{/0*  
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分析  qac4GZ  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 LLa72HW  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 r306`)kX  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. -Qt>yzD3  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY **zh>Y}6  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ?5%0zMC  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Jgf73IX[  
    Dim A As Double {}vB# !  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double UuNcBzB2d  
    Dim eID As Long kJ;fA|(I  
    Dim parID As Long 1T{A(<:o$  
    Dim count As Integer {x $h K98  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double kW'xuZ&  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double gC}r$ZB(  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Y#'?3  
    Dim ok As Long f}4bnu3  
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    Sub Main |@}Yady@C  
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        '用户输入对话框 6[-N})  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 L_>j SP  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 sknta 0^=2  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 kc0YWW Q-:  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ;P` z ?>J:  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 V b=Oz  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 0?D`|x_  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 07zbx6:t  
        End Dialog g$++\%k&  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog piZ0KA"  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) CM; r\,o  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed tgu}^TfKkg  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 6cCC+*V{  
            End T.1*32cX  
        End If pRt=5WZ  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty L*2YAIG  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <2cl1Fb  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation r!qr'Ht<  
        Else mL!)(Bb  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) g~5$X{  
        End If n[jyhBf\W  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then l;4},N  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter .%{3#\  
        Else 0]tr&BLl*  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) <&n\)R4C1  
        End If [B}$U|V0  
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        Print " " ;~&F}!pQ  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" CJ*8x7-t  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ?GdoB7(%  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ] m$;ra]  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness (#Vkk]-p  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens !/+'O}@-E  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens l_K=7\N  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens y.$/niQ%  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens #G[S  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness [P5+}@t  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ]8)nIT^EP  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation :'*;>P .(  
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        '************************************************************************* uJQ#l\t  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ),9^hJ1+@  
        '************************************************************************* 7Y`/w$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) R`? '|G]P  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity sEpY&6*  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) inO)Y]|f  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z fq-zgqF<  
        count = 0 ,+0#.N s$  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7(RtPL pZ  
            GetOperation eID, count, op {q=(x]C  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then aS ]bTYJ'  
                DeleteOperation eID,count !q:[$g-@q  
                count=count-1 R>BZQugZ~  
            End If E-P;3lS~  
            count=count+1 xcBV,[E{  
        Wend 3q{op9_T7  
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        'Set new shift in H/qv%!/o  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" U?vG?{A  
        op.val1 = taq nE_g^  
        op.parent = parID ^FaBaDcnl  
        AddOperation eID, op drr W?U  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 -4  ~(*  
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        '************************************************************************* YVcFCl  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -0Ws3  
        '************************************************************************* xq#YBi,  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) tOQ2947zk  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *V@>E2@  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant )U6-&-07  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant >A'Q9Tia;  
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        '************************************************************************* PtfxF]%H  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens |=R@nn   
        '************************************************************************* p6UPP|-S  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) %}T' 3  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "x;|li3;  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost N0]C?+  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 2)_Zz~P^f  
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        '************************************************************************* 9j[lr${A  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Z/ Vb_  
        '************************************************************************* adi^*7Q] )  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) d7g3VF<j  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) y(^hlX6gQ  
        count = 0 +(a}S$C  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count U|[+M@F_L  
            GetOperation eID, count, op mpsi{%gA  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W~EDLLZ  
                DeleteOperation eID,count `$kKTc:f  
                count=count-1 Z@Tb3N/[  
            End If \=3fO(  
            count=count+1 %jS#DVxBR  
        Wend <i<[TPv";  
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        'Set new z-shift hxt,%al  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" .ty^k@J|]  
        op.val1 = tlens Wciw6.@  
        op.parent = parID 28u3B2\$  
        AddOperation eID, op <1^\,cI2  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Cob<N'.  
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        '************************************************************************* >q+q];=(  
        'Lens index of refraction ")gd)_FOS  
        '************************************************************************* ,McwPHEMB  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ZxvqLu  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat EWU(Al T  
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        mat.Nd = nlens .u<i<S  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat V~9vf*X  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens KG2ij~v  
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        '************************************************************************* :)djHPP*  
        'Pupil diameter zi7>!#(  
        '************************************************************************* $qvk9 B0E  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) @i" ^b  
    U]8 @  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Xa=M{x  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" o%~PWA*Qp  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens xJ0Q8A  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) UNoNsmP  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) RyAss0Sm^  
        count = 0 ^GS,4[)H  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count z~Ec*  
            GetOperation eID, count, op +nLsiC{&  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?E6*Ef  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ;|.~'':  
                count=count-1 WNE=|z#|  
            End If Za5bx,^  
            count=count+1 CH`_4UAX%  
        Wend !awsQ!e|  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" bOY<C%;C  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ulqh}Uv'  
        op.parent = parID 9rd7l6$R"  
        AddOperation eID, op xlhc`wdm  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam t%B ,ATW  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description f0<'IgN  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r X^wNH  
        GetEntity eID, entity F74^HQ*J  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" `.0WK  
        SetEntity eID, entity K~U5jp c  
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        Update ;:^^Qfp  
        Print "DONE!" !8z,}HUdK  
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    End Sub 5LIbHSK  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: j;3hQOl  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters byyzXRO;  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm t9!8Bh<  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Z2%ySO  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 NI1jJfH|l  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 2v;F@fUB.  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 U|NVDuo{{x  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 }8zw| (GR,  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 a$~pAy5C  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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