| infotek |
2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 []Z| *+=Q 1*x4T%RF$ 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ;6 1m t747SZWgB 模型 +G_6Ek4 /j'We-C 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 8[FC Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] #1zWzt|DW !+M H?A 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. uu>[WFh I#Tl 光源 79%${ajSI ii*Ty!Sa 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 {-S0m= A?;/]m; [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 ,7M9f Y#6@0Nn[G 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 I01On>"@7 @/JGC%! 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 {F
k]X#j [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 |U^
ff^] ){>;eky [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 `>8| ?k_=?m 视网膜的散射 Q$,8yTM M14_w, 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 }M| Sjr(e}* [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 mc(&'U8R0I oT|E\wj 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 VUF7-C* ;gm){ g [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 3 XfXMVm z4-AOTo2y 脚本 >uOc#+5M. m2|0<P@k! 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ^s5.jlZr@ [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 v:6b&wSL3 [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 wKY6[ vvF iMp)g%Ng 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 \Y!Z3CK 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 t41cl x2ol 分析 +]]wf'w %q*U[vv 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 g>im2AD+e [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 F'j:\F6C; >; W)tc, 脚本代码 :za!!^ 6!"15dPN
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. uEi!P2zN
+&?VA!}. Dim entity As T_ENTITY N'`*#UI+ Dim op As T_OPERATION bY>o%LL- Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 6PMu;# Dim A As Double <01B\t7 Dim pupilDiam As Double Y*}Sq|y Dim eID As Long <m(nZ'Zqz2 Dim parID As Long 56bB~=c Dim count As Integer |\_O8=B% Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 2hu6 Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 2#!$f_ Dim curv As Double, conic As Double M}5 C;E* Dim ok As Long 9M7P]$^ bm+ Mr Sub Main v%FVz _?r+SRFn '用户输入对话框 }]s~L9_z[' Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 UJm`GO TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 16Xwtn72 Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 KcU,RTE OKButton 40,91,90,21 nu3 A'E`'k CancelButton 190,91,90,21 uyA9`~p=# Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 NFSPw`f TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 q(r2\ End Dialog 8EE7mEmLH Dim dlg As UserDialog Ci*5E$+\ x9ws@=[: ok = Dialog (dlg) & aLR'*]6 T5Fah#-4 If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed xxiLi46/ Print "Execution cancelled." ;dWqMnV End ld?M,Qd End If |-|BM'Y 7uDUZdJy 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty YW}/C wB If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then -12v/an]L7 A = 0 'Default accommodation aH$~':[93 Else M)xK+f2_[ A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) PT4`1Oy}/1 End If 9BY b{<0tS g<C})84y3 If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then kU
Flp pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter +\ySx^vi Else vLke,MKW pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) a@a1/3 End If "L)pH@) ?~K2&eo Print " " Rk=B; Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" VO`A Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" %q Q(@TG S3<v?tqLr ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation =,'Z6?%p
taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness a9I8WQ d;^?6V Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens O92Y d$S CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens ?4Lo"igAA + ND9### Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens 3q>"#+R.t CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens tWiV0PTI H5AY6), tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness e>^R 8qM? ~V&ReW/ nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction @CmxH(-i- $!f$R`R^Q\ 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation E)P1`X kC0!`$<2f) '************************************************************************* o7+/v70D 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) -0`hJ_( '************************************************************************* GCKl[<9* eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) A-io-P7qyj GetCustomElement eID, entity hF~B&^dd. f3>/6C parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _:L*{=N 6bGD8; ' Delete any shift(s) in z {P-PH$ E- count = 0 Kq$Zyf=E While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <@A^C$g GetOperation eID, count, op Lk9>7xY If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .%rR DeleteOperation eID,count ttnXEF count=count-1 CA4-&O" End If .;2!c'mT9 count=count+1 I/aAx.q Wend bwJi[xF v#|c.<]. 'Set new shift in aK{\8L3] op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1aE/_ op.val1 = taq XV>6;!=E op.parent = parID !iVFzG
@m AddOperation eID, op pJz8e&wyLM Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 I[UA' ~f 8ilbX)O '************************************************************************* fhmr*E'J 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens F47n_JV!d '************************************************************************* Z?.*.<"Sj eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) =T)2wcXBB GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic M9#QS`G |S{P`)z%f SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant <k](s Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 3ms/v:\ _6!/}Fm '************************************************************************* {1aAm+ 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens R3n&o%$* '************************************************************************* <o+
7U eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) e<4z) GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic a*j <TR %g&,]=W\N SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost h50StZ8Yr Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost $>=Nb~t!/ EcoUpiL%2 '************************************************************************* zD^f%p ["# 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) e:LZ s0 '************************************************************************* Iv72;ZCh?6 #2jn4> parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) {@5WeWlz~ nnL$m_K~ ' Delete any z-shift(s) _[i=TqVmf count = 0 `E=rh3 L0o While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;j U-< GetOperation eID, count, op 93IOG{OAY If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lE)rRG+JLW DeleteOperation eID,count Czr4
-#2 count=count-1 _(`X .D End If `u~ count=count+1 s2?,' es Wend +){a[@S@x 9]@J*A}=l 'Set new z-shift ;"Y;l=9_ op.Type = "ShiftZ" v^W?o}W op.val1 = tlens #)A?PO2 op.parent = parID p@8krOo` AddOperation eID, op NzAtdcwR Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 3Ge <G >|/? Up '************************************************************************* @MZ6E$I 'Lens index of refraction U.Chf9a- '************************************************************************* [gkRXP[DGs eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) xrVZxK:! GetModelMaterial eID, mat RO$@>vL Da8$Is;n mat.Nd = nlens Z#Zzi5< SetModelMaterial eID, mat Z"~6yF Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ?PE1aB+{: ONN{4&7@< '************************************************************************* ).+xcv 'Pupil diameter m0A@jWgd '************************************************************************* b6!Q!:GO& eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) *K jVPs [> &+*c 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) |t 65#1 I"cQ5gF?A SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Ec*--]j*c ay:\P.`5) ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens E8iadf49 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) bpF@}#fT eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 0^!,[oh6* count = 0 O5TK&j While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vQBY1-S GetOperation eID, count, op W}R= If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /2_B$ DeleteOperation eID,count }U?gKlLg count=count-1 8g#
Y End If N}+B:l]Qy count=count+1 SJ@8[n.x Wend n$hqNsM op.Type = "ShiftZ" -Ty<9(~S op.val1 = taq-0.01 h2/dhp op.parent = parID Ng."+& AddOperation eID, op f`u5\!}=! f^6&Fb> Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 2yJ7]+Jd7Y A|
gs Uh 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description r\l3_t eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dEQReD GetEntity eID, entity ,WO%L~db entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" f
$.\o SetEntity eID, entity C NzSBm *%Nns', Update 5&n988gC8 Print "DONE!" 4uO
@`0:x ^Kw&=u End Sub |~/3u/ x;ERRK 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: pu2 wEQ vGPf`2/j. Accommodation = 4 Diopters |i}+t Pupil Diameter = 4 mm =e-a&Ep-z Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 taWirqd9 Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 -~(0O Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 D y`W5_xSz Set lens thickness = 3.927 RR~sEUCo{ Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ;Xfd1 Set pupil diameter = 4 0,1L e$)6 DONE!
|
|