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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 v]BN.SHE_  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 qXgg"k%A\  
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模型 PXWBc\  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 yy@g=<okt\  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. +eQg+@u  
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光源 jCkYzQUPz  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ;>bcI).  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 7xqTTN6h  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 #A+ dj| b  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 26?yEd6^Z  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 w,n&K6<  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 qf-0 | w  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 llN#4D9s  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 9l<f?OzAO  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Pv@Lx+ k  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 m`_s_#  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 j6}/pe*;;T  
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分析 dz_~_|  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ()%NotN;  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 O(pa;&"  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ,%Sf,h?"^  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY w\SfzJN  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION .Aj4?AXWc  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL cqXP}5  
    Dim A As Double 6)5Akyz4V  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double pQ2'0u5w5  
    Dim eID As Long D6z*J?3^#&  
    Dim parID As Long *{TB<^ *  
    Dim count As Integer pT ]:TRPS  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 8p"R4  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ~&{LMf  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double q#pD}Xe$  
    Dim ok As Long -0P(lkylf  
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    Sub Main :9?y-X  
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        '用户输入对话框 V\|V1c  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 uz U2)n3y  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Q&\(m[:)  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 >tGl7Ov  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 KdN+$fe*g  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 RZ +SOZs7H  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 7^bde<0  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 *gGL5<%T:  
        End Dialog 4C]>{osv  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog SobOUly5{  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) BU;o$"L  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed e]5 n4"]D)  
            Print "Execution cancelled." qL;u59  
            End sW#OA\i &  
        End If 'cgB$:T}.,  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty {>r56 \!F  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then OK8|w]-A  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation JnodDH ?  
        Else 5yl[#>qt  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) e<Bw duy  
        End If Lnk(l2~U  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then <<vT"2Q]  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter G _1`NyI  
        Else z\g6E/%%  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) f5tkv<) %  
        End If .S{>?2  
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        Print " " EEI !pi  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" rb_FBa%  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 0YsBAfRG  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation   mN^/  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness MGbl-,]  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens u&-Zh@;Q7  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens RX\l4H5;  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens L kK# =v  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 2N /4.  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness &Cykw$s  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction K (!+l  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation j-}WA"  
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        '************************************************************************* #)7THx/=  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) &:@)ro CR  
        '************************************************************************* |A/)b78'u  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )}|b6{{<  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity r@)_>(  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &ZR}Z7E*=  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z j~;kh_  
        count = 0 @o/126(k  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count [+8in\T i  
            GetOperation eID, count, op EmFL %++V  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ==XO:P  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 8~@?cy1j!  
                count=count-1 !kG2$/lR  
            End If a 9H^e<g  
            count=count+1 E(p*B8d  
        Wend WUfPLY_c(  
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        'Set new shift in -qW[.B  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" FbU98n+z  
        op.val1 = taq 81jVjf?`  
        op.parent = parID -#agWqUM|T  
        AddOperation eID, op BK/_hNz  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Ng 3r`S"_<  
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        '************************************************************************* 7,BULs\g  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens W[4 V#&Z  
        '************************************************************************* m6 V L  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) vlSSw+r9  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ymo].  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant &4}Uaxt)  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant /Y_)dz^@  
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        '************************************************************************* T-)lnrs^  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens o-7,P RmKN  
        '************************************************************************* 8nKb mjM  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) q1_iV.G<  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic appWq}db  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 57~/QEdy  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost -qNun3  
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        '************************************************************************* Gw@]w;ed  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) tmVGJ+gz  
        '************************************************************************* }T1.~E  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) FzM<0FJRX  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) O;83A  
        count = 0 >p?Vv0*  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8m"(T-wb6{  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Y:#nk.}>  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -POsbb>  
                DeleteOperation eID,count P,W(9&KM  
                count=count-1 _/[}PQC6G  
            End If :c}"a(|  
            count=count+1 :N#8|;J1Fl  
        Wend E E^l w61  
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        'Set new z-shift g|=1U  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" .9VhDrCK  
        op.val1 = tlens h,@tfd U^  
        op.parent = parID \ Dccf_(Pb  
        AddOperation eID, op cP2n,>:  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens \PL0-.t,  
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        '************************************************************************* Y{D?&x%yq  
        'Lens index of refraction q~6a$8+t  
        '************************************************************************* Lc! t  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) &1Cif$Y4w  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat kps}i~Jb  
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        mat.Nd = nlens K)N'~jCG  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat B1 Y   
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Ev ]oPCeA  
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        '************************************************************************* /C6$B)w_*{  
        'Pupil diameter )'i n}M  
        '************************************************************************* ]QSQr *  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) #7Jvk_r9Y  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ,Fzuo:{uy  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 7Sl"q=>  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 5gKXe4}\/|  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,Q,3^v-  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) * 3#RS  
        count = 0 MmH(dp+  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _jM+;=f  
            GetOperation eID, count, op -7u_\XFk  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %0q)PT\  
                DeleteOperation eID,count R/P9=yvg0  
                count=count-1 8SOfX^;o  
            End If 7bL48W<QD  
            count=count+1 x \b+B  
        Wend "sJ@_lp  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" %@^9(xTE  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 4vyJ<b  
        op.parent = parID F5 7Kr5X  
        AddOperation eID, op yC\!6pg  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam UL0n>Wa5  
    '<1Q;3Ho  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description f{+X0Oj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 51'{Jx8  
        GetEntity eID, entity 6ANA oWg*  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" [/Xc},HbMe  
        SetEntity eID, entity Sh(XFUJ  
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        Update %ZT I ?a  
        Print "DONE!" g?{7DI`  
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    End Sub C j:  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: -?1ed|I8  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters p!7(a yu  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm cv9-ZOxJ  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 CO{AC~  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 cB_ 3~=fV  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 lin  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 7'RU\0QG  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 K}8wCS F  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 9M7Wlx2  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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