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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 .i[rd4MCK  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 6/`$Y!.ub  
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模型 0 1U/{D6D  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 }gQ FWT  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. vzl+0"  
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光源 MP/6AAt7=|  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 M{gtu'.  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 x/*ndH  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 &z[39Q{~  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 l:v:f@M&  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 <}S1ZEZcQ  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 b0 ))->&2  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 d#yb($HAJ  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 J [}8&sn  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: X]6Hgz66  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 vJ9 6qX  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ['%]tWT9  
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分析 &6%%_Lw$  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 L}O_1+b  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 .>z)6S_G  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. o.yuz+  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY ,-7w\%*  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION eqz#KN`n#  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 7FL!([S5i  
    Dim A As Double s5 ? 1w   
    Dim pupilDiam As Double PLDg'4DMg  
    Dim eID As Long j:'sbU  
    Dim parID As Long SP][xdN7  
    Dim count As Integer f\CJ |tKX  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double F9rxm  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double rlSar$  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double #({0HFSC:j  
    Dim ok As Long ((i%h^tGa;  
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    Sub Main wi'CBfr'z  
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        '用户输入对话框 $j61IL3+  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 X yi[z tN  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 >`Xikn(  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 94bmK V_  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 >Micc   
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 'TWZ@8h~  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 EA.4 m3  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 0k"n;:KM8  
        End Dialog KF^5 C  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog  >-EJLa  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) +3]1AJa  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Db"jzMW.  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 8Jnb/A}  
            End x6Q,$B  
        End If (> O'^W\3p  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty &''lOS|  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ;.$AhjqiP  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation N y_d  
        Else  ~DYUI#x  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) b1An2 e[  
        End If \;&WF1d`ac  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then om6'%nXhn  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter iTTUyftHT  
        Else %JUD54bBt  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) !S6zC >  
        End If t>nx#ErS  
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        Print " " X@l>mAk  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Q<4Sd:P`"  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" fTb&k;'LR<  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation $oF0[}S  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness X2CpA;#;7l  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens h- )tWJ c  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens WI@l2`X  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens tzH~[n,  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens l/WQqT  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness hnOo T? V  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction D(bQFRBY6"  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation {'O,G$Ldkr  
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        '************************************************************************* |HT5G=dw  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) e`]x?t<U4/  
        '************************************************************************* pZeJ$3@vk  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) @\ udaZc  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity JDbRv'F:(  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4MM /i}  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z b!lS=zIN  
        count = 0 '!\t!@I$  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count sVT:1 kI  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 4%refqWK  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4$~A%JN3  
                DeleteOperation eID,count c&> S  
                count=count-1 %s&"gWi  
            End If )4O>V?B  
            count=count+1 T?lp:~d  
        Wend ;RR\ Hwix  
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        'Set new shift in  }BFX7X  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" luvxwved  
        op.val1 = taq l%\p  
        op.parent = parID 2!kb?  
        AddOperation eID, op b8FSVV 7@  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 J 2H$ALl  
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        '************************************************************************* AHB_[i'>7  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens y=HM]EH>  
        '************************************************************************* ]a=n(`l?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) O su 75@3  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #[odjSb  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant _keI0ML-#  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant #MyF 1E  
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        '************************************************************************* u.yjk/jF  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Pt=@U:  
        '************************************************************************* +,q#'wSQG  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) &P pb2  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic qu`F,OG  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost "wi}/,)  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost zE8qU;  
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        '************************************************************************* [wkSY>Gu  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) z(dDX%k@  
        '************************************************************************* <lN=<9  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f^]^IXzXw.  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) "2_nN]%u-  
        count = 0 k*ZYT6Z?  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0Qr|!B:+9)  
            GetOperation eID, count, op a/Ik^:>m  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then AMe_D  
                DeleteOperation eID,count pY$DOr- r`  
                count=count-1 &=[N{N?(  
            End If |Duf 3u  
            count=count+1 fn3DoD+I  
        Wend JWsOze 8#  
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        'Set new z-shift BJP^?FUd=,  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" undH{w=  
        op.val1 = tlens t~V?p'a0ys  
        op.parent = parID CyKupJ.Fq  
        AddOperation eID, op N"Cd{3  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens SU7 erCHX  
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        '************************************************************************* 0?w4  
        'Lens index of refraction ekPn`U  
        '************************************************************************* H=@S+4_bK  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) T]lVwj  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat z)fg>?AGr  
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        mat.Nd = nlens -~TgA*_5]  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 83pXj=k<  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens w)<h$ <tU  
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        '************************************************************************* '/GZ/$a_l  
        'Pupil diameter g E$@:j  
        '************************************************************************* *n*po.Xr  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) O[5u6heNMr  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) yIf>8ed]#  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" V_P,~!  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens v"V?  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4>Y\Y$3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) x}7`Q:k=  
        count = 0 *3h!&.zm  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count s}Q*zy  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Ixr#zt$T-G  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =P`l+k3  
                DeleteOperation eID,count e$4$G<8;y  
                count=count-1 qVr?st  
            End If (R^Ca7F  
            count=count+1 HyJ&;4rf  
        Wend Y/`*t(/5  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Vbp`Rm1?  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 _Bq[c  
        op.parent = parID U,tWLX$@  
        AddOperation eID, op X@^"@  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ; 2Za]%'  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description i1-wzI  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) C^9bur/  
        GetEntity eID, entity o WcBQ|   
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ]7 2wv#-  
        SetEntity eID, entity )kt,E}609  
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        Update }NF7"tOL  
        Print "DONE!" ]V.0%Ccw;.  
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    End Sub #]e](j>]  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: hG qZB  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters #_4JTGJ  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm |<w Z;d  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 3PRK.vf  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 IWP[?U=  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 '`/w%OEVC5  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 L7 g4'  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 PtT$#>hx]  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 cP &XkAQ  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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