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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 Wn&9R
j lu;gmWz 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 @`XbM7D 5 5#mHWBGd7 模型 *0x!C8*`Xe ~T!D:2G 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 qJ[wVNHh! Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] lw_@(E]E iz3Hoj 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. : eFyd`Syw K6s tkDhb 光源 py$i{v% ~(]'ah, 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 8@r>`c [~ !9t9+~ [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 00pe4^U q@i.4>x 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 m O"Rq5 5MK.>3fE 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 `l [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 8i
Ew;I_ d(^3S>V|q [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 2XyC;RWJ% !eP0b~$/^J 视网膜的散射 JPpNCC.b %'eaW 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ! q+>'Mt Iv/h1j> H [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 7%W@Hr,%F irMBd8WG 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 2=$ F*B>9 |-xKH.'n [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 4%7Oaf>9 \zzPsnFIg 脚本 vj"['6Xa w:2yFC 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: B-V [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 Y#FSU#a$< [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 aT8A+=K6 {6iHUK 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 E//*bmww 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 S"/gZfxer jV' tcFr4 分析 g_?bWm4br }]. |7h 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 u?KG% [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 !'-./LD") R^rA.7T 脚本代码 n +dRAIqB Tx(=4ALY
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Hnf?`j>
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]* Dim entity As T_ENTITY D!D}mPi[ Dim op As T_OPERATION 4|NcWpaV7 Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Ca0t}`<S Dim A As Double 5K00z?kD2V Dim pupilDiam As Double Mm%b8#Fe! Dim eID As Long `3.bux~ Dim parID As Long =<U'Jtu6' Dim count As Integer \>+BvF Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double `!.c_%m2 Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ihIRB9 Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Tx/KL%X Dim ok As Long kS_37-; 9 'IDbe{ Sub Main ~HXZ-* M+lI,j+ '用户输入对话框 }TU2o3Q Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 [H>/N7v19* TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Zk0? =f?j Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 <"`P;,S OKButton 40,91,90,21 N~B'gJJDx CancelButton 190,91,90,21 %Z(lTvqG Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ]v.Yt/&C{ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 sJ|IW0Mr End Dialog 2hTH Dim dlg As UserDialog OgkbN` s$VLVT*6
ok = Dialog (dlg) ^7C,GaDsn bM
$WU?Z If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed RueL~$*6.~ Print "Execution cancelled." IO?6F@( End ;\t(c End If Dz+R Q`Vn %$F\o1S 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty r'u[>uY If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then m ,TYF A = 0 'Default accommodation dH0wVI<z Else FBrJVaF A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) <nn!9V\C End If @fSqGsSk 9wv 7HD| If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then kk3G~o+ pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter XwdehyPhT2 Else P87qUC pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) z#sSLE.$Z End If Xr pnc7 l
#
F.S5i Print " " 1PT0<C- Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" w~VqdB Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" _xU2C<)1& y?{YQ)fj ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation wGnFDkCNz taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness WK 6|e[iP 5K?%Eo72!= Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens 84maX' CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens 1(WNrVm; O.+X,CQG* Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens h-[FUPfuw CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens ,]-A~ ^| G7H'OB
& tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness Hf$LWPL)lM yS(tF`H[ nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction yn-TN_/Y, JD$;6Jv3P 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation _M7NL^B& VcR(9~ '************************************************************************* ;yg9{"O 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Po82nKAh '************************************************************************* n+uDg eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 4';(\42 GetCustomElement eID, entity o9uir"= [\e2 ID; parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `=cOTn52 ;]Bkw6o ' Delete any shift(s) in z 4PAuEM/z count = 0 En/EQ\T@F While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Og~3eL[1%C GetOperation eID, count, op 6,;7iA] If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then DnW*q/=w DeleteOperation eID,count :0RfA% count=count-1 Acib<Mi2!- End If Vy[ m%sEP count=count+1 I<ta2<h Wend VVyms7
VN ,,[pc 'Set new shift in YE\s<$ op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^J Y]w^u op.val1 = taq <v=T31aS op.parent = parID J 4OgV? AddOperation eID, op Z,jK(7D(
Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 q
k+(Ccl Fz4g:8qdA '************************************************************************* R
s)Nz< d 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens q!P{a^Fnc '************************************************************************* N^{+1u7 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) V,CVMbn/%N GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic kX^Y{73 2E":6:Wsw SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 60 z =bd] Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant &.}Zj*BD @(mXiK '************************************************************************* 9c_h+XN?y 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens c={bunnz# '************************************************************************* ^|1)6P}6 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ry%Fs&V*> GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ZBAtRs 9(;I+.;8k SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost u:0M,Ye Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Ev7fvz = 5==}8<$ '************************************************************************* {)8!> K%G 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ~Z#jIG<?g '************************************************************************* b0_Ih6 ^1^muc[ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) o@&dd
NO =,-&h
V ' Delete any z-shift(s) N=oWIK<;- count = 0 _v9P0W^.7 While GetOperationCount(eID)>count igD,|YSK`z GetOperation eID, count, op \Y{^Q7!>:8 If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tM$w0Cj DeleteOperation eID,count )Q%hd |R count=count-1 71# ipZ End If GrB+Y!{{ count=count+1 *uq}jlD`! Wend @m=xCg.Z 0cwb^ffN 'Set new z-shift viJK%^U=- op.Type = "ShiftZ" /T_ G9zc op.val1 = tlens
/M1 / op.parent = parID '!%Zf;Fjr AddOperation eID, op x(Us
O} Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 2/c^3[ccR C&QT-| '************************************************************************* 8JU9Qb]L'I 'Lens index of refraction [;F%6MPK^ '************************************************************************* =V@5W[bV eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) -$[o:dLO GetModelMaterial eID, mat i.e1?Zk1 jd]YKaI mat.Nd = nlens Z7X_U`Q SetModelMaterial eID, mat JAK+v Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens tX$v)O| vThK@P!s '************************************************************************* POtj6 ?a 'Pupil diameter jx3J$5 '************************************************************************* <=D\Ckmb eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,p,$(V O{^ET:K@ 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6 Ch
[!=p{ D[7+xAwS SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;w/|5 ;{A; |(Bc0sgw} ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ld-Cb3R^ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5p. vo"7 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) K|q5s]4I count = 0 pE<@ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vCf{k GetOperation eID, count, op =peodj^ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then vbo:,]T<A DeleteOperation eID,count KkIxtFM count=count-1 zJH#J=O End If \lJCBb+k count=count+1 "h-G=vo,kl Wend s7A3CY]-> op.Type = "ShiftZ" h& t/
L op.val1 = taq-0.01 DHUK_#! op.parent = parID 5d7AE^SHsH AddOperation eID, op ]Kutuf$t ^ucmScl Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 56;^
NE4 Z#O )0ou 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description pf\
Ybbs eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) PJ-EQ6W GetEntity eID, entity $Z{ap entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" k$kOp *X SetEntity eID, entity jujhK'\ )Vn(J#s Update D#=$? {w Print "DONE!" BwLggo 1Mf tq4nq End Sub D%=VhKq ;qA(!`h+ 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: -x~4@~ {Dc{e5K Accommodation = 4 Diopters eHQS\n Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 0tL#-47 Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 I%^Bl:M Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 \jkMnS6FvL Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Jv,*rQH Set lens thickness = 3.927 Y#VtZTcT Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 _~l*p"PL< Set pupil diameter = 4
5f~49(v] DONE!
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