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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 d/,E2i{I7  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 p@Q5b}xCG_  
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模型 1s7^uA$}6  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 9.+/~$Ht  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.  _^t-9  
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光源 xFF r  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 6[dur'x  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 $1Nd_pD=  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 cPF<D$B  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 5\4g>5PD  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 <G3&z#]#4  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 mxG]kqi  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 CnF |LTi  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 #;tT8[Ewuw  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: x^=M6;:  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 773/#c  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 x;E2~&E  
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分析 QBJ3iQs1  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c'fSu;1  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 g[z.*y/  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. W0`Gc {  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY h1"zV6U  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION YoODR  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL CC >=UF  
    Dim A As Double <eN R8(P  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ,w)p"[^b  
    Dim eID As Long ~|+zJ5  
    Dim parID As Long rnm03 '{  
    Dim count As Integer MQ/ A]EeL  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Q[ieaL6&  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Pt< s* (  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double V9 }t0$LN  
    Dim ok As Long i, nD5 @#  
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    Sub Main v6a]1B   
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        '用户输入对话框 f6=w3RS  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 _O:WG&a6  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 +FFG#6e  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 7Hw<ojkt  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Kf,-4)  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 VrP}#3I  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 (zo^Nn9VJ  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 'C+;r?1!h  
        End Dialog "i)Yvh[y  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog TQ :/RT  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) |PVt}*0"  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed TJ@Cjy%  
            Print "Execution cancelled." x<(b|2qf  
            End S9sR#  
        End If w2gf&Lc\  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty n(Y%Vmy  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then }2>"<)  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation tV;% J4E'  
        Else '{?C{MK3Q  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) > R^@Ww;|q  
        End If (g8*d^u#PO  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 3C>qh{z"  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Y#V8(DTyH  
        Else / l>.mK()  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) j} HFs0<L  
        End If J@"utY6N  
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        Print " " G&{HTYP  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" PK6iY7Qp)  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ?^!,vh  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation K\! #4>yd  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness $r.U  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 6Y*;{\Rd  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens T`YwJ6N  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens O mMX$YID  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens C9tb\?#  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness GY!C|7kN  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction .QWhK|(.!  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation c=p=-j=.J  
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        '************************************************************************* eb:A1f4L  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) mX# "+X|  
        '************************************************************************* BR_TykP  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) fjz) Gp  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity u:P~j  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .-I|DVHe  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ~hX-u8Ul'N  
        count = 0  !rL<5L  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3}Xc71|v  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ?bX  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Q\_{d0 0  
                DeleteOperation eID,count -AD2I {C  
                count=count-1 o \L!(hm  
            End If 85Y|CN] vQ  
            count=count+1 2Oc$+St~8  
        Wend Y*YFB|f?  
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        'Set new shift in (|h:h(C  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" _9If/RD  
        op.val1 = taq |7F*MP  
        op.parent = parID b{[*N  
        AddOperation eID, op d "<F!?8  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 i.a _C'<$  
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        '************************************************************************* ? Nj)6_&  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens /XpSe<3  
        '************************************************************************* M@7Xp)S"  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) pA4 ,@O  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic &w\ I<J`T  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant C8b''9t.  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant hl/itSl$  
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        '************************************************************************* QApyP CH  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens |ng%PQq)  
        '************************************************************************* R,0Oq5  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) :=.*I  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7>.OVh<  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost mUXk9X%n  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9C}qVoNu  
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        '************************************************************************* "dCzWFet  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) aC\4}i<  
        '************************************************************************* z1j|E :  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) TipHV;|e  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) >)Dhi+D  
        count = 0 %J P!{mqj  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h}Ygb-uZ  
            GetOperation eID, count, op C3"&sdLb$  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then B@cz ?%]  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 8F6h#%9  
                count=count-1 qu{mqkfN>  
            End If h_ ZX/k  
            count=count+1 P[i\e7mR  
        Wend &?<AwtNN  
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        'Set new z-shift P;U@y" s  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" F=Y S^  
        op.val1 = tlens "'{OIP  
        op.parent = parID Bymny>.M  
        AddOperation eID, op h|W%4|]R)  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens x:-`o_Q*i  
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        '************************************************************************* a@ W7<9fY;  
        'Lens index of refraction .E<Dz  
        '************************************************************************* $ KQ,}I  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) y^s1t2]%  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat YmDn+VIg  
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        mat.Nd = nlens >]/dOH,A  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat  P\(30  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $ I<|-]u  
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        '************************************************************************* <Cq"| A  
        'Pupil diameter Gpu_=9vzv  
        '************************************************************************* Czu1)y  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) R}k69-1vL  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) P9yw&A  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" n~%}Z[5D  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens iS-K ~qa  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) IwRQL%  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) rw*M&qg!z  
        count = 0 hAAUecx  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count jtLn j@,  
            GetOperation eID, count, op |[WL2<  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m/?h2McS  
                DeleteOperation eID,count <9N4"d !A  
                count=count-1 ?*o;o?5s^  
            End If FV8\ +ep  
            count=count+1 MPG+B/P&  
        Wend Oga1u  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Wa, 7P2r  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 pn*d[M|k  
        op.parent = parID /j %_t  
        AddOperation eID, op 6o(lObfo  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam j4vB`Gr]  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description hXnw..0"  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Rk{$S"8S_  
        GetEntity eID, entity eoL0^cZj  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ZIy(<0  
        SetEntity eID, entity |VYr=hjo  
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        Update H<z30r/-w  
        Print "DONE!" GZ,j?@  
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    End Sub tnJ`D4  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: o{g@Nk'f  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters L:^Y@[f  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 7_7xL(F/  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4V>vg2 d  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Tz2x9b\82  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 K)N)IZ1q  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 2X^iV09  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 6ku8`WyoF  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 xpz`))w  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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