首页 -> 登录 -> 注册 -> 回复主题 -> 发表主题
光行天下 -> 讯技光电&黉论教育 -> Arizona眼睛模型 [点此返回论坛查看本帖完整版本] [打印本页]

infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 32/MkuY^u  
/M3Y~l$  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 MBhWMCN2  
/.o^R6  
模型 P#XID 2;  
b;cdIl!3  
模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 .R./0Ot tx  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
[attachment=111140]
Nz],IG.  
CJJzCVj  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. m6[0Kws&  
fM^qQM[lG  
光源 *2 2nVKi {  
b#hDHSdZ,  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 fi$-;Gz  
7lBAxqr2  
[attachment=111141]
图1. 光源和提示信息使用
}A7j/uy}s  
f,:9N5Z  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 t-0a7 1#e  
G %Q^o5m  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 l33Pm/V2?  
[attachment=111142]
图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 I.94v #r  
]A<~XIu  
[attachment=111143]
图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
{O`w,dMOI  
i*NH'o/  
视网膜的散射 C@L$~iG  
Y#lk6  
在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 P%(O|  
t<|NLk.  
[attachment=111144]
图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
oWC@w  
YtfVD7m  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 UmclTGn  
Nd cg/d  
[attachment=111145]
图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
m/y2WlcRx  
KNLfp1!  
脚本 ek}a}.3 {  
U}PiY"S<  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Vy938qX   
[attachment=111146]
图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
2VJR$Pao  
[attachment=111147]
图7. 用户对话框编辑器
*UmI]E{g3(  
}t%!9hr5D  
如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 DFd%9*N  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 371 TvZ4  
5wh|=**/  
分析 thvYL.U :  
i2&ed_h<?  
屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ~tR~?b T  
[attachment=111148]
图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
[>1OJY.S}T  
*]VFvh  
脚本代码 [.S#rGYk  
(3 #Cl 1]f  
  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ,J{ei7TN  
    K/3)g9Z&io  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY %ve:hym*  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION JMz;BAHT  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL eZdu2.;<  
    Dim A As Double HsHB!mQV  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ]5$eAYq  
    Dim eID As Long a8i]]1Blz  
    Dim parID As Long 0 rXx RQ  
    Dim count As Integer 24)(5!:"  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double U]vYV  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double J<dVT xK12  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double <B6&I$Wc+  
    Dim ok As Long kLn i{IYN7  
    .72S oT  
    Sub Main V8HnUuz  
    [-;_ZFS{  
        '用户输入对话框 <p\6AnkMr  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 0VGPEKRh  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 k=B] &F  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 t $xY #:  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 _;~,Cgfi  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 oNU0 qZ5  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 r]l!WRn  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 xg NJeQ  
        End Dialog L?Qg#YSd ~  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ]) rrG/3  
    '&gF>  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) n;$5Cq!v=  
    *WIj4G.d  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed }f8Uc+  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 00SbH$SU  
            End _',prZ*  
        End If Z6_N$Z.A  
    L2pp6bW  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty _/s(7y!  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then i 4%xfN  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation hvuIxqv!y  
        Else B]Y}Hu  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) NyVnA  
        End If m"fNK$_d  
    -t2+|J*  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then :w<V  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ZP;j9 T!  
        Else p"FW&Q=PN  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) E 2"q3_,,  
        End If FFH_d <q  
    F^5?\  
        Print " " Bnb#{tL  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 6q]5Es<  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" -GqT7`:(H4  
    B:e @0049  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation \L(*]:EP  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Pj4/xX  
    1\g6)|R-+  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens H]$)Eg%6  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens g"?Y+j  
    n[]tXrhU  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens FRS>KO=3  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens \uXcLhXN  
    Wt=|  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness EC\yz H*X  
    1xbK'i:-S  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction LNa$ X5`  
    ;}1xn3THCn  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation *_KFW@bC:  
    h-m \%|D  
        '************************************************************************* fuA&7gNC  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) raCi 8  
        '************************************************************************* UY<e&Npo  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Ojt`^r!V  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity g=]u^&  
    g*F'[Z."  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) HS.^y x  
    KLL;e/Gf  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z x#Q>J"g  
        count = 0 ec gtUb8K  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count u&9 r2R959  
            GetOperation eID, count, op <7n4_RlF!  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2 OwV^-OG  
                DeleteOperation eID,count q-`RI*1]  
                count=count-1 IR-dU<<9O  
            End If 9{$<0,?  
            count=count+1 ylB7*>[  
        Wend jU3Z*Z)zN  
    GHHav12][  
        'Set new shift in +]|Z%;im  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" $YXMI",tt<  
        op.val1 = taq r)1'ePI"  
        op.parent = parID %uoQ9lD'  
        AddOperation eID, op h[?O+Z^  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 OKP9CLg9  
    VL/|tL>E^  
        '************************************************************************* =e}H'5?!  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens gi-Yqco  
        '************************************************************************* -YjA+XP  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) C:uz6i1  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #_|sgS?1  
    0z[dl Hi  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant .(X lg-H,  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant F! X}(N?t  
    1$2D O  
        '************************************************************************* NFr:y<0>z  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens eXkujjSw"  
        '************************************************************************* 8NU`^L:1  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ^47PLLRP  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic nD0}wiL{  
    [F*4EGB  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost UDe |Sb  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost L3p`  
    DEw8*MN  
        '************************************************************************* /%I7Vc  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) +*n-<x5"  
        '************************************************************************* +,&O1ykY  
    =L5GhA~  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) +e-,ST&w(  
    #k$)i[aI-  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 4:sjH.u<  
        count = 0 Cv*x2KF G  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count QeDQ o  
            GetOperation eID, count, op NB7Y{) w  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then M@(^AK{mU  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 9M /SH$Qy  
                count=count-1 >;#=gM  
            End If z*a8sr  
            count=count+1 1TM~*<Jb  
        Wend `Rd m-[&  
    jS!`2li?{  
        'Set new z-shift G|m1.=DJm  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 20TCG0% x  
        op.val1 = tlens Qe'g3z>  
        op.parent = parID ?,=f\Fz!  
        AddOperation eID, op ,=~z6[  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens S|zW^|YU  
    t UR c bwV  
        '************************************************************************* BT_tOEL#  
        'Lens index of refraction jDRe)bo4  
        '************************************************************************* BYM3jXWi0v  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) cM&2SRBZ  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat %y<ejM  
    erl:9.  
        mat.Nd = nlens kL90&nP   
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat o]LRzI  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens M|[ZpM+  
    F=)&98^v$_  
        '************************************************************************* f7hXQ|$  
        'Pupil diameter u=&Bmn_  
        '************************************************************************* B(DrY1ztj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) s-W[ .r|  
    WV"jH9"[  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) *RR[H6B^]X  
    b}G24{  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 70B)|<$  
    %vO<9fE|1  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens FZH\Q~IUV  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .5Q:Xp  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `*\{.;,]#  
        count = 0 6e25V4e?I  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %g cc y|  
            GetOperation eID, count, op (X6sSO  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2uk x (Z  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 1j\aH&)GH  
                count=count-1 Sg] J7;]  
            End If X['2b78k  
            count=count+1 {6d b{ ay_  
        Wend 7W9~1 .SC  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" !7U\J]  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 N8!TZ~1$  
        op.parent = parID (D{Ys'{q  
        AddOperation eID, op a}d6o;li  
    R: aYL~  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam #vf_D?^  
    i_F$&?)  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description l9/:FiJ_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) qUf)j\7"Fn  
        GetEntity eID, entity |*,jU;NI  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" BN@,/m9OQ%  
        SetEntity eID, entity YCw('i(|  
    mYNEz @  
        Update y~F<9;$=  
        Print "DONE!" "L3Xd][  
    hN(L@0)  
    End Sub aEx(rLd+  
    L"rcv:QWZa  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: g-yi xU  
    *+8%kn`c  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters gvnj&h.GV  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm bj"z8kP  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 9b6!CNe!  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 oA~4p(  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 dALK0U  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 9.0WKcwg  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 daOS8_py  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 P Tnac  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
太赞了,终于看到完整的文档
查看本帖完整版本: [-- Arizona眼睛模型 --] [-- top --]

Copyright © 2005-2025 光行天下 蜀ICP备06003254号-1 网站统计