Arizona眼睛模型
简介 t2)rUWg @H=:)*; 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 sIy^m}02 pS:4CNI{ 模型 ml+; Rmvb "yS _s 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 6ZP"p<xX Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] \ZkA>oO". [C'JH//q*t 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. P09;ng67 ,LnII 光源 va0{>Dc+ I "A_b}~*} 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 |AozR ~ rogT~G}q [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 qHrc9fB N'GeHByIT 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 }n>p4W"OM fSokm4]vg 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 i uF*.hc,% [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 C@'h<[v`1v l`f/4vy [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 QD0"rxZJ
@fl-3q 视网膜的散射 G6$kv2(k`@ 9[.8cg* 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 24z< gO 75XJL;W # [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 `ojoOB^L 2h5nMI]' 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 f,018]| J1C3&t}
[attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 hHV";bk M`,)w i 脚本 tp6 3@L|Q ?#}N1k\S 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: @`q:IIgW [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 x-^`~p [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 Z{]0jhUyNh 3h$6t7=C 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Ab{ K<:l 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 PoG-Rqe w9< R#y[A 分析 MkfBuW;) /`wvxKX 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 1H6<[iHW [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 : y%d JB<Sl4 脚本代码 X-K=!pET DtXrWS/
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ]>=}*=
u{['<r;I Dim entity As T_ENTITY (nf~x Dim op As T_OPERATION }fb#G<3 Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL a7r%X - Dim A As Double TO]@
Zu1 Dim pupilDiam As Double $u]jy0X<Y; Dim eID As Long _K l_61k Dim parID As Long c;Pe/ d Dim count As Integer M2OIBH4! Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double mr*JJF0Z Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double hT`J1nNt Dim curv As Double, conic As Double v+46QK|I& Dim ok As Long WrQD X3 u0|8Tgf Sub Main [>8}J" Ve}(s?hU5 '用户输入对话框 dCi?SIN Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 q&s3wDl/ TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 $rv8K j+ Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 G_bG OKButton 40,91,90,21 r`W)0oxD CancelButton 190,91,90,21 n.!#P| Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ORe(]I`Z TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 $PTP/^ End Dialog l{I6&^!KS Dim dlg As UserDialog eKE#Yr
d=x ,J,/."Y ok = Dialog (dlg) iU$] {c2;A _}lZ,L(w If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed }()5"QB Print "Execution cancelled." #lmB
AL~3 End .7e2YI,S End If KHe=O1 %QO >7lx=T
x 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty [I'0,y If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then *6sl A = 0 'Default accommodation (G zb Else g7}Gip}.> A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) [ey:e6,T9 End If 1"zDin!A s)noo If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 8ja$g, pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter Wk~WOzr}^ Else |n+qMql' pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) UW N*j_9i End If |^: cG4e c`J.Tm[_u Print " " QLXN*c Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 7C,&*Ax,9 Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" E27vR 7 6h|q'.Y ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation t[ubn+ taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness V=R 3)GC K-bD<X Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens R<\F:9 CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens %eX{WgH h].<t& Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens .>=(' - CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens H5DC[bZMb% }YB*]<] tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness {@eJtF+2 /qMG=Z nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction .z]Wyx&/U 3.|S 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation }SX,^|eN (U&tt]| '************************************************************************* *@Lp`thq 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }+)fMZz '*************************************************************************
gp5_Z-me eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Sh/T , GetCustomElement eID, entity <v)1<*I KC/=TSSXd. parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #*QO3y~ZM (KFCs^x7wG ' Delete any shift(s) in z gRCdY8GH count = 0 't1ax^-g While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )Ub_@)X3%l GetOperation eID, count, op ;T"zV{;7BR If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Wr<j!>J6Ki DeleteOperation eID,count iIMd!Q.)@ count=count-1 n,jKmA End If "3Uv]F count=count+1 K~AR*1??[ Wend 8B/\U' ?ATOXy 'Set new shift in d6'{rje( op.Type = "ShiftZ" /M|262% op.val1 = taq Jy)KqdkX+ op.parent = parID q;R],7Re AddOperation eID, op +fC=UAZ Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 w1hPc!I RTE8Uq36 '************************************************************************* Sm)Ha:[4 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens M.x=<:upp '************************************************************************* y`\@N"Cf eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ~k!j+>yT GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic kqM045W7 1$D_6U:H0 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant qlb-
jL Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 9{(.Il J> M^O2\G#B '************************************************************************* =8t]\Y? 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens j"}*T '************************************************************************* ,VCyG:dw eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) tasIDoo+!J GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic }j^i}^Du, S4' SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost !
='rc-E Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost }RzWJ@QD< SW*"\X; '************************************************************************* +@94;me 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) E8pB;\Z( '************************************************************************* 6A>dhU !D@ZYK; parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) S#MZV@nGF xCg52zkH# ' Delete any z-shift(s) M@`;JjtSA count = 0 $*AYcy7 While GetOperationCount(eID)>count H7d/X GetOperation eID, count, op 8dO! If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gLE:g5v6 DeleteOperation eID,count Jll-`b 1 count=count-1 uW30ep' End If 7[> 6i count=count+1 t/cY=Wp Wend U&Wt%U{ lwrCpD. 'Set new z-shift =<{np op.Type = "ShiftZ" <J`0mVOX op.val1 = tlens
{zn!vJX op.parent = parID [3(74 AddOperation eID, op d Vj_8> Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens %/|9@e r AyNI$Q6Z '************************************************************************* Ove<mFI\ 'Lens index of refraction h-G)o[MA '************************************************************************* (Dw,DY9 eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) q=%RDG+ GetModelMaterial eID, mat 4x {[+mpKq mat.Nd = nlens KVT-P};jy* SetModelMaterial eID, mat *:Vq:IU[D Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens w2
a1mU/ i+p^ ^t\ '************************************************************************* vR s,zL$W 'Pupil diameter Y~L2 '************************************************************************* :c8&N-` eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) |y0(Q V n/Sw P 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ) L#i%)+ "JlpU-8[0@ SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ` :o4'CG t.7? ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens -( parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9aze>nxh. eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Nv(9N-9r count = 0 ldiD2
Q While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )iYxt:(, GetOperation eID, count, op {u#;?u=| If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then t
m7^yn: DeleteOperation eID,count {]:7bV#JP count=count-1 Dp)=0<$y End If KwPOO{4]g count=count+1 /atW8 `& Wend VU&7P/\f% op.Type = "ShiftZ" @\f^0^G op.val1 = taq-0.01 ] lrWgm op.parent = parID H@%GSE AddOperation eID, op 0:9.;x9_ G/7cK\^u Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam K
i'Fn" P} 0%-JC 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description w8U&ls
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