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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 ;G |5kvE>  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 :70[zo7n'  
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模型 Y@)/iwq  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 dfAnOF"-  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. KzZ|{ !C  
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光源 }TI"j{(QJ  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 #;4<dDVy  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 !~#zH0#  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 VJviX[V?4  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 E]Dcb*t  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 xvn@zi  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 m3[R   
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 !(2rU@.  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 L{PH8Xl_  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: K X0{dizZ  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 XM?>#^nC?u  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 EGJ d:>k  
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分析 )w/ #T  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 olLVT<  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 9feVy\u  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ~F; ~  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY dC,a~`%O  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION +q<G%PwbV  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ECW=865jL  
    Dim A As Double ^\"@r%|  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 41^=z[k  
    Dim eID As Long z:gp\  
    Dim parID As Long FUTD/y]Lu  
    Dim count As Integer @*>kOZ(3  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double $tm%=g^  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 9Ub##5$[,  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double p<[gzmU9\b  
    Dim ok As Long z.vE RP56  
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    Sub Main (D5sJ$&E@\  
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        '用户输入对话框 uT :Yh6  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 .Tm m  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 !vfbgK  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 .dwy+BzS  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 A.YXK%A%  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 IoAG!cS  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 NpPuh9e{  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 iY[+BI:  
        End Dialog 6< hE]B)  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 'r 0kX||  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) =Ts5\1sc>  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed #Ch*a.tI@  
            Print "Execution cancelled." |^09ny|  
            End :MPfCiAv  
        End If .91@T.  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty w,)O*1't  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then R\T1R"1  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation u5Tu~  
        Else ATG;*nIP  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 'W_u1l/  
        End If " ZYdJHM  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Ip_deP@  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter G(;hJ'LT  
        Else `qs[a}%'>"  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) qG)M8xk  
        End If qP k`e}D  
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        Print " " 6"djX47j  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" V<A$eb>6  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" @,^c?v  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation '>:c:Tewy  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness k[Ue}L|  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Jk=_8Xvr`  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 4`[2Te>  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens t6C2DHh7$  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens uvMc B9  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness dTrz7ayH  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 2 r';)8:  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Y a/+|mv  
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        '************************************************************************* G%F}H/|R  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) IQ\5!e  
        '************************************************************************* k-!Jww  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) +R2+?v6  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity >[0t@Tu,D  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;k:17&:8ue  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z "$#<+H>O  
        count = 0 ty\F~]Oo  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *!r"+?0gN  
            GetOperation eID, count, op +mRc8G  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then $W;f9k@C!  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 92(P~Sdv  
                count=count-1 hA=}R.gi  
            End If 1k0*WCfZ  
            count=count+1 U ATF}x   
        Wend ~J![Nx/  
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        'Set new shift in ('z:XW96  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" f=hT o!i  
        op.val1 = taq EC/=JlL`5  
        op.parent = parID  rrP_7D  
        AddOperation eID, op 8 RA  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 7 -S?U~s  
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        '************************************************************************* puAjAvIax  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ;_ S D W  
        '************************************************************************* $1y8X K7r  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -&EU#Wqh  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 3gv@JGt7`  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 37 b6w6{D  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant : G'a"%x  
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        '************************************************************************* 8?hZ5QvA(j  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 8?N![D\@  
        '************************************************************************* \Mzr[dI  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _BoYy JQH  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic i ?%_P u  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost cD t|v~  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost k=4C"   
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        '************************************************************************* .hRtQU  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) WK5B8u*<  
        '************************************************************************* .*B@1q  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) LP'~7FG  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) mwutv8?  
        count = 0 UPy 4ST  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count biG :Xn  
            GetOperation eID, count, op A,EuUp  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then P@5}}vwS  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ojyP.R  
                count=count-1 wf_ $#.;m  
            End If E/<n"'0ek  
            count=count+1 seVT| z  
        Wend 'p[*2J"K4  
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        'Set new z-shift 5+2qx)FZ  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^Y%<$IFG  
        op.val1 = tlens s"5nfl  
        op.parent = parID @&x'.2[nv  
        AddOperation eID, op nRyx2\Py+  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens @~}~;}0x  
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        '************************************************************************* w"O{@2B3:H  
        'Lens index of refraction LLL;SNY  
        '************************************************************************* u2OrH3E4E3  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) e8M0Lz#}  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat b7y#uL1AE  
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        mat.Nd = nlens 7m%[$X`  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat MEu{'[C  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens >2v<;.  
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        '************************************************************************* DyCkz"1S  
        'Pupil diameter Gx*B(t]4y  
        '************************************************************************* ?zf3AZ9  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Y6T{/!  
    n5#QQk2  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) CM6! 1 7  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" wD /jN:  
    '#>Fe`[  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens nvA7eTO6C  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j'OXT<n*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) QX42^]({;c  
        count = 0 w}s5=>QG%  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <g&.UW4  
            GetOperation eID, count, op q8uq%wf  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then HA0F'k  
                DeleteOperation eID,count RY3=UeoF  
                count=count-1 %<r}V<OeR  
            End If 1<cx!=w'  
            count=count+1 I Bko"|e@  
        Wend 5A^8?,F@  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" i/Nc)kKL  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 HCx0'|J  
        op.parent = parID qO/3:-  
        AddOperation eID, op 'V8o["P  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam KdD~;Ap$  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 4`Zo Ar-5|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) s8 u`v1  
        GetEntity eID, entity 76] Z~^Y  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" !/ dH"h  
        SetEntity eID, entity H0jbG;  
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        Update "a(e2H2&T4  
        Print "DONE!" }{kn/m/  
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    End Sub RCi8{~rIvS  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: |onLJY7)  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters (pHJEY  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm zo("v*d*q  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 kd_! S[  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 X]n`YF7  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 wp'[AR}  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 %_!0V*X*  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 HR?bnkv|id  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 =T#hd7O`V  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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