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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 ed6@o4D/kf !Se0&Ob 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 p}^G#h{ D0Q9A]bD; 模型 $cSUB ,iV%{*p] 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 R/=rNUe Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] gH//@`6 H$%MIBz>$ 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.
f"s_dR b6-N2F1Fs 光源 Yc7YNC. A|ZT;\ 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 lE k@I" |^Iox0A [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 `G$>T#Dq W\l&wR 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 <D a-rv8 >+{WiZ` 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 0=>$J
WF [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 70qEqNoC C~2!@<y [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 ^+yz}YFM 1ui)Hv=h* 视网膜的散射 g}W`LIasv u
IXA{89 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 :SaZhY b<tV>d"Fv [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 j:%,lcF &GLDoLk6[ 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 k{2Gq1S{ *H/>96 [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 -m^-p <1*kXTN( 脚本 xUn"XkhP boojq{cvYA 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 4v_Ac;2m& [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 >
'R{,1# U [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 x'L=p01 naR< 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 #&.Znk:@.f 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 K+~?yOQj KPToyCyR1 分析 H q6%$!q Y#@D%
a 8 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Ur+U#} [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 Q^ W,)% X(tx8~z 脚本代码
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- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. |Z>-<]p9g
fizW\f8ai Dim entity As T_ENTITY p<r^{y Dim op As T_OPERATION E+Bc>xl@m Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 1i#y>fUj Dim A As Double 2q[pOT'k Dim pupilDiam As Double _WNbuk0 Dim eID As Long 9JdJn> Dim parID As Long ;87PP7~ Dim count As Integer sV#%U%un Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double qIJc\,' Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double B=O zP+ Dim curv As Double, conic As Double YXp\C"~g Dim ok As Long -1dD~S$ 8)S)!2_h Sub Main 7> f2P!: bhD-;Y!6; '用户输入对话框 rfonM~3?' Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 )M<+?R$]; TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 8Ay7I Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 x:-NTW
-g OKButton 40,91,90,21 vP,pK=5 CancelButton 190,91,90,21 N~]qQoj, Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 J299mgB TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Vja 4WK* End Dialog 4Wgzp51Aq! Dim dlg As UserDialog Tbm
~@k(C 79 4UY ok = Dialog (dlg) )bg |l? bqH
[-mu6 If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed c!HGiqp Print "Execution cancelled." `]65&hWZL End o<A-ETx< End If WzFXF{( W^09tx/I 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ;#zteqn
If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then _b8KK4UR A = 0 'Default accommodation (ORbhjl Else ?8$`GyjS A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) `.;U)}Tn End If Z4G%Ve[ SOG(&)b
If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then eTjPztdJbx pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter Zsapu1HoL\ Else 5$+7Q$Gw pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) {3KY:%6qj End If D?y-Y
^nZ=B>Yn2 Print " " *
4J!@w Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 8L:AmpQdpA Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" FrMXf,} `=;}I@]zj) ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation A)~oD_ooQ taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness a4uy}@9z ;S^"Y:7) Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens kj2qX9Ms CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens @ *Jbp {
(.@bT@ Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens zU[o_[+7^ CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens Wj3i*x$
PO5,lcBD< tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness 8r>\scS b,:^\HKC nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction r1q'+i {QG6ldI 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation \x$`/ m^BXLG:b '************************************************************************* w!*ZS~v/r 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) vy2<'V*y} '************************************************************************* vg?(0Gasm* eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) aVHID{Gf Z GetCustomElement eID, entity U}HSL5v 7`~0j6FY parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^+%bh/2_W 851BOkRal4 ' Delete any shift(s) in z /)v+|%U count = 0 a(IE8:yU` While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0-OKbw5%=b GetOperation eID, count, op >l-u{([B If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then OS%[SHs DeleteOperation eID,count kqX%y count=count-1 #Qg)4[pMJ End If U5ph4G count=count+1 k ]gPMhe Wend f
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\ w)K547!00 'Set new shift in XU<owk op.Type = "ShiftZ" D',7 T=C
op.val1 = taq KiMlbF.~V op.parent = parID r]}6iF. AddOperation eID, op V!*1F1 Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Uun0FCA> KBi(Ns#+ '************************************************************************* Q7`)&^
Hx 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 8T+o.w== '************************************************************************* dj5|t~& eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) AEf[:]i] GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [ZG>FJDl8 _UP 9b@Z" SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant z+M{zr Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant g~|vmVBua 2N(Z^ '************************************************************************* $uwz`N: 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 5s%e9x|kP '************************************************************************* TUGD!b{ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) EGFP$nvq GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :SwA) (1 ,6^Xn=o # SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost v 9G~i Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ":sp0(`h d/+s-g p '************************************************************************* `o9:6X?RA 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) T6?03cSE '************************************************************************* FwKY;^`!d ZLVgK@l parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 1H%p|'FKA qfAnMBM1@ ' Delete any z-shift(s) $B9?>a|{A count = 0 1DU
l<&4 While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 37IHn6r\ GetOperation eID, count, op t0xE If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 'b [O-6v DeleteOperation eID,count J pj[.Sq count=count-1 ~Sf'bj;( End If jL)Y' count=count+1 e&A3=a~\s Wend }U9dzU14 f]sR4mhO 'Set new z-shift $t6t 6<M) op.Type = "ShiftZ" SMd[*9l
[ op.val1 = tlens n0K+/}m op.parent = parID 5KTFf6Uq AddOperation eID, op g rI#' x Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens l7<VH z0b +|<bb8% '************************************************************************* Mj2Dat`p9 'Lens index of refraction >#;_Ebl@ '************************************************************************* L*p7|rq$" eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) G^;]]Ji" GetModelMaterial eID, mat &{# 6Z V%t_,AT mat.Nd = nlens +wHa)A0MW SetModelMaterial eID, mat QYj 4D Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ;$ ]a.9
- Mu.oqT '************************************************************************* p vWj)4e 'Pupil diameter SN}3 '************************************************************************* 1n*"C!q eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 1Qjc*+JzO. "WPWMQ+ 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) tmeg=U7 -EU=R_yg SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ]|Ie E!6 OzH\YN ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 1b7?6CqV parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3+C;zDKa eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ={p<
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