| infotek |
2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 ~FJd{$2x` V\A?1
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Gg_i:4F '_2~8w 模型 \JX8`]|& =2<
>dM#` 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 arnu|paw Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] 4:7z9h] ,>)/ y 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 3AWg 43L7 ZJS7#<-7o 光源 y'{0|Xj 8[eH8m#~$ 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 mZm wCS8 \
^_3Yw [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 GSsot%B u" ]R(=) 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 \S
_ycn l%U{Unwu 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 V5m4dQ>t [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 rZ<@MV|d
\:Q)Ef [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 v]BN. SHE_ =MA$xz3 视网膜的散射 @hp@*$#& 9 Y2}\~I0 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Y*0mC "n} 5G|(od3 [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 XfharJ_b A^xDAxk 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 0I1bY]* kLK}N>v}X [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 .z+[3Oj_E bNi\+=v<Ys 脚本 Y'wQ(6ok a=Pl3Uo 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ngE5$}UM [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 }Til $TT%H [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 h?jKq2`
XI@;;>D1=U 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 p xjb^GZ0 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 _O{3bIay3! |4UW.dGHPo 分析 sSU p7V `*^
f =y 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 G[GSt`LVS` [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 [WW3'= e^ sk6C/ '0: 脚本代码 f!AcBfaLr {94qsVxQZ
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. [jU.58*
yP.,Dh s Dim entity As T_ENTITY )ERmSWq/u Dim op As T_OPERATION R1)v;^B|) Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <'f+nC=2 Dim A As Double VG'M=O{)3 Dim pupilDiam As Double 7b7@"Zw* Dim eID As Long as6a)t.^ Dim parID As Long 8R0Q -,' Dim count As Integer s|FfBG Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (=
#EJB1( Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double x%@n$4wk7 Dim curv As Double, conic As Double /x\{cHAt8J Dim ok As Long KPTp91 9\y\{DHd Sub Main xA/Ein0 r2"B" %; '用户输入对话框 WTK )SKa,. Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @'P\c TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 a*/%EP3 Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ^26vP7 OKButton 40,91,90,21 e*K1"; CancelButton 190,91,90,21 xO3-I@ Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 U~H]w,^ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 J%r$jpd' End Dialog xYSNop3_ Dim dlg As UserDialog w`ebZa/j "0Ca;hSLM2 ok = Dialog (dlg) q.I O7,)#{ If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed m}`!FaB # Print "Execution cancelled." D6z*J?3^#& End *{TB<^ * End If d K.k,7R I.'(n8* 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty z"D'rHxy If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ebv"`0K$ A = 0 'Default accommodation A-S!Z2m\ Else so=Ux2 A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) N./l\NtZ End If a]NH >d (58}G2}q If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ,;%F\<b pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter J2Y
S+%K Else ^&8FwV] pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) %0&c0vT End If ^(79SOZC
7j,u&%om Print " " 0Tp,b (;n Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" #cGn5c} Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" L@VIC|~E g._`"c ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation i`st'\I taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness =pa
F6!AB V =9 Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens `bAOhaB,/ CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens qL;u59 |g)/6jG<- Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens 'cgB$:T}., CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens jVdRy{MH {>r56\!F tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness OK8|w]-A JnodDH ? nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction 5yl[#>qt vr2cDk{ 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Lnk(l2~U u*"mdL2 '************************************************************************* <<vT"2Q] 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) P,RdYM06 '************************************************************************* z\g6E/ %% eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f5tkv<) % GetCustomElement eID, entity .S{>?2 D^-6=@<3KD parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) EEI!pi xPp\OuwK ' Delete any shift(s) in z q{RH/. l count = 0 HzdyfZ!jR While GetOperationCount(eID)>count wgPkSsuBuC GetOperation eID, count, op MGbl-,] If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then KB@F^&L { DeleteOperation eID,count u&-Zh@;Q7 count=count-1 P-Up v6J3 End If u6#FG9W7 count=count+1 LkK# =v Wend f#>ubmuI^ C]01(UoSZ 'Set new shift in &Cykw$s op.Type = "ShiftZ" vQ_D%f4; op.val1 = taq K (!+l op.parent = parID ^1 U<,< AddOperation eID, op j-}WA" Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 VdC,M;/=Z #)7THx/= '************************************************************************* &:@)roCR 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens |A/)b78'u '************************************************************************* K3I|d;Y~X! eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) r@)_>( GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic z]d2
rzV(_ BXj]]S2 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant V;-$k@$b. Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant }@Dgr)*+ D *Hy 2eZ. '************************************************************************* [+8in\T i 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens EmFL
%++V '************************************************************************* NpLO_- eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) xp68-& GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !kG 2$/lR <RaUs2Q3. SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ?nc:B]=pTY Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost }:zTz%_K +[_mSt '************************************************************************* ^f?>;,<& 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) E|~)"= '************************************************************************* 8x /]H(J nP5T*-~ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) x(r~<a[ @)<
3Z ' Delete any z-shift(s) </B<=tc count = 0 qy\Z2k While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @SX-=Nr GetOperation eID, count, op XhEJF ! If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [!'fE#"a DeleteOperation eID,count z-g"`w:Lj count=count-1 )&pcRFl End If zxhE9 [`*e count=count+1 gAxf5A_x) Wend 8Ts_;uId kl+^0i 'Set new z-shift XtP5IN\S op.Type = "ShiftZ" q7kE+z op.val1 = tlens D.:6X'hp op.parent = parID ?VRf5 Cr- AddOperation eID, op p?idl`?^3 Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens
d")TH 3pG q!!gn1PT(T '************************************************************************* WMk;-,S!) 'Lens index of refraction @q/E)M?
'************************************************************************* V
X"!a eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) f:u3fL GetModelMaterial eID, mat Yk @/+PE E9 6`
aF{] mat.Nd = nlens T@P[jtH<d SetModelMaterial eID, mat s1kG:h2|$ Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens FofeQ nd3n 'b '************************************************************************* Uz$.sa 'Pupil diameter /OtLIM+7~{ '************************************************************************* W^" C|4G } eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) K}a3Bj, AdGDs+at, 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) J)n^b _|f_%S8a_= SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" < ?{ic2j# NDYm7X*et ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens $Si|;j$? parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rjWn>M eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) W"[Q=$2<< count = 0 ,(y6XUV~ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;w(tXcXZ GetOperation eID, count, op O;8 3A If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ApSzkPv* DeleteOperation eID,count 9kby-A4 count=count-1 ({!S!k End If [$e\?c count=count+1
Pk/3oF Wend Zp qb0ro op.Type = "ShiftZ" MfG8=H2#| op.val1 = taq-0.01 /#-zI#iK
op.parent = parID 0 P2lq AddOperation eID, op LCMZw6p 6z2W N|78 Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam c\DMeYrg k^Qd%;bdF 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 5lrjM^E| eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3](At%ss GetEntity eID, entity Cc}3@Nf{/ entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" h\lyt(.s SetEntity eID, entity Q$58K9 mbZn[D_zi Update ';zS0Yk Print "DONE!" PfjD!=yS=h 6R#.AD\
End Sub *|({(aZ ?X^.2+]*& 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: a%*W(
4=Y (;cKv Accommodation = 4 Diopters WbJ
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm &hu3A)% Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4)Ab]CdD Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 HyYol* Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ["0DXm%t Set lens thickness = 3.927 F#KUu3;B Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 GV8`.3DBOF Set pupil diameter = 4 &|I{ju_ DONE!
|
|