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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 f6\4,() ?MfwRWY 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 !M)] 1Y .=yv m 模型 aMT=pGU oO7)7$|1 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 =j20A6gND Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] ~PAI0+*"q B7Zi|-F 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 4$mtc*tzT Gr}NgyT<!D 光源 AuM}L&`i^ A42!%>PB 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 $Fi1Bv) (7&b)"y [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 >T:0 &Cm]*$? 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 W lW%z(RC |+[Y_j 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6Z=Qs=q [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 {:\LFB_ Q.3:"dT [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 2qV oe}F 8}AWU 视网膜的散射 4hfq7kq7( Ek_<2!%X 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 =w:)AWZ @A`j Wao [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 bVa?yWb. MXDCOe~07 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 1*6xFn cf^ i!X0 [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 5eyB\>k, W|E % 脚本 J,=ZUh@M iweT@P` 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: _7qa~7?f [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 LylCr{s7 [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 8\C][ y <u],R.S) 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 'qG-)2
t 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 *5hbD-a: v046 分析 [~G1Rz\h 5}! 36SO\ 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Z.x]6 [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 4pelIoj ][#|5UK8L 脚本代码 5')]Y1J 3^$=XrD
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. @o#Yq
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L.JL4;U P Dim entity As T_ENTITY {.;qz4d` Dim op As T_OPERATION C?W}/r[ Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL gNDMJ^` Dim A As Double E`C!q
X> Dim pupilDiam As Double z[O*f#t Dim eID As Long Mc(|+S@w' Dim parID As Long "3a}~J<g Dim count As Integer ""_G4{ Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double @6aJh< c Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double (#)XRm{t Dim curv As Double, conic As Double !h<O c!9 Dim ok As Long P3Vh|<'7 CBpwtI>p Sub Main ,q7FK z{ pp7
$Q>6 '用户输入对话框 R9"}-A Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 % -+7=x TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 &"27U Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _% \% OKButton 40,91,90,21 ;mGPX~38 CancelButton 190,91,90,21 PDz:x4A Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ty4R2LnC TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 V\]j^$ End Dialog M`@AS L:u Dim dlg As UserDialog 5~im.XfiVx ~_F;>N~ ok = Dialog (dlg) NpKyrXDJv EwuRIe;D If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed
ylS6D Print "Execution cancelled." Q"c/]Sk) End UWK|_RT6SA End If 2+C:Em0yI L<B)BEE. 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty dxH\H?NO If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then .5s^a.e'O A = 0 'Default accommodation h;y}g/HZ Else C~"UOFX A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) V\e1NS End If &5z9C=]e cu'( Hj If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then iWFtb)3B pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter /` nkz Else '$'a .q1q9 pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ;volBfv End If Iu5 9W> G!G:YVWXP Print " " !y>up+cRjl Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" "M\rO!f: Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" uqa
pj(" W,H=K##6< ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation u?g&(h taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness %;= ?r*] ,=c(P9}^ Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens cR,'aX CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens ;(;~yB|NZ5 4GG>n Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens ~Z*7:bPN!^ CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens nt-_)4Fm qN9 ?$\ tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness UIg?3J}R ~-uf%= nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction c#1kg@q@ `-R&4%t% 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Gm9 7#oq|5 '************************************************************************* b!Nr 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 7/k7V) '************************************************************************* oSf`F1;)HQ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gyV`]uqG GetCustomElement eID, entity a#[gNT~[ @g+v2(f2v parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) UL#:!J/34 V"2 G ' Delete any shift(s) in z \/gf_R_GN count = 0 m']$)Iqw While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Qy}pn=#Q GetOperation eID, count, op q
#7Nk)<.
If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then n9k DeleteOperation eID,count $cwmfF2C count=count-1 !b4AeiL>w End If ?EPHq,
E count=count+1 K ;]dZ8 Wend P>)J:.tr0 S~ S>62 'Set new shift in xfC$u`e= op.Type = "ShiftZ" T5e#Ll/ op.val1 = taq XeY[;}9 op.parent = parID `d4xX@
AddOperation eID, op ,/TmTX--d Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 G %\/[
B B]}gfVO '************************************************************************* *8;<w~ 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens /-m) '************************************************************************* M"{*))O\-c eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) `k8j FB C
GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "Ms{c=XPK <exyd6iI SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant iC^91!< Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant [cZ/)tm HINk&)FC '************************************************************************* c&wiTvRV 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ?OoI63& '************************************************************************* 4}cxSl]jf! eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _s5FYb# GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $UK m[:7 7r)]9_[( SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost p1i}fGS Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 3XQe? 2:< K"5q387! '************************************************************************* %21 |-B 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) AcH!KbYf '************************************************************************* $]}K ; TgDT parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Rbr:Q]zGN Y"KJ`Rx ' Delete any z-shift(s) ^-n^IR}J count = 0 n+Conp/ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "$K]+0ryG< GetOperation eID, count, op *<SXzJ( If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a_{'I6a*, DeleteOperation eID,count *b0z/6 count=count-1 +opym!\ End If uR.pQo07y< count=count+1 _1Ne+"V Wend $3&XM 'NfsAE 'Set new z-shift tSoF!@6 op.Type = "ShiftZ" COw!a\Jl op.val1 = tlens }aXS MxCd op.parent = parID qxHn+O!h AddOperation eID, op kRb JK Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens J&JZYuuf pr4y*!|Y$ '************************************************************************* a|4D6yUw| 'Lens index of refraction 3="vOSJ6& '************************************************************************* T \- x3i eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) oTXIs4+G GetModelMaterial eID, mat hgE:2@ Pec Zuv mat.Nd = nlens ^4Xsd h5 SetModelMaterial eID, mat _Ye.29 Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens fGs\R] Le bc@, '************************************************************************* eX}aa0 'Pupil diameter A:z '************************************************************************* %{:pBt:Z eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) gp $Rf9\ :7obxW1X 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) i1KjQ1\a + gae=+@z SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 7,Z<PE 8Exky^OT| ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Ik5V? parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !T
,=kh eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `ZM$\Q=: count = 0 6w
m-uu While GetOperationCount(eID)>count !?+0O]`} GetOperation eID, count, op NYG!\u\Rm If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `r3 klL,W' DeleteOperation eID,count Cd]A1<6s count=count-1 JTBt=u{6^ End If 2DJg__(" count=count+1 ?vI2mra+ Wend ]F>#0Rdc op.Type = "ShiftZ" H`URJ8k$Q op.val1 = taq-0.01 FyPG5- op.parent = parID F!/-2u5gF AddOperation eID, op (0`w.n 9(z) ^G Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam '
;nG4+K 2g?q4e, 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Ef?|0Gm eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |/%5~=%7 GetEntity eID, entity jA^Dk$ entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" YN<vOv SetEntity eID, entity W$;qhB ^P]5@d v Update n|DMj[uT Print "DONE!" rbIYLVA+V {^uiu^RAc End Sub qP##C&+#q I\c7V~^hnG 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: kZrc^ "_dg$j`Y&& Accommodation = 4 Diopters t?Qbi)T=z Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ~!g2+^G7+P Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 P6ktA-Hv> Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 UHU ,zgM Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 #G`K<%{?f Set lens thickness = 3.927 :&:P4Y1
E Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 `"yxmo*0 Set pupil diameter = 4 W+U0Y,N6 DONE!
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