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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 )4u6{-|A 98O0M#|d 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 4K{<R!2I a8$gXX-2 模型 Y;n;7M<F ,z8<[Q-# 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ]A.:8; Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] y{{7)G EdgcdSb7 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. I#?NxP\S A 9\]y%! 光源 >Z-f</v03 GO3F[l 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 "'i" @CR uj
6dP [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 !LDuCz
- {6E&\ 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 hqr V {c "lU%Pm]> 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 (rDB|kc^7 [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 gpt98:w: 3JnBKh\n [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 e[`u: BC}+yS
\ 视网膜的散射 ~_|OGp_a kWkAfzf4a 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 "j(?fVx 60*;a*cy [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 mI;#Zq_j L!fiW`>0G 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 q>JW$8 |gl~wG1@ [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 +aa( YGL 7J:zIC$u> 脚本 qhNY< Y bX3_N& 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 7soiy
A [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 Hjho!np [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 eJh4hp;x {OK+d#= 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 JYQ.Y!X1O 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 6L`{oSX! -5v2E- 分析 ~KtA0BtC
j9sK P]w 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c_oI?D9 [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 E Z^eEDZ Woo2hg-ti 脚本代码 H\BhAf !`S`%\"
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 0H|U9
fevLu[, Dim entity As T_ENTITY }4
p3m] Dim op As T_OPERATION JjH#,@'. Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL v&.`^O3W Dim A As Double b7X-mkF Dim pupilDiam As Double ,}9 G|$ Dim eID As Long 0)c9X[sG Dim parID As Long CTqAhL 4} Dim count As Integer ,(%?j]_P2 Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double OI=LuWGQE1 Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double [P'crV,m Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ct,Iu+HJ Dim ok As Long \ow3_^Bk uU&,KEH Sub Main &3jq'@6 x2 s%qZ# '用户输入对话框 OK=lp4X Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 vY+{zGF TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 0zSRk]i.f Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 $6&P 69< OKButton 40,91,90,21 AixQR[Ul*c CancelButton 190,91,90,21 qN hV zx Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 &) '5_#S TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 xjm|ewo End Dialog OHz>B!` Dim dlg As UserDialog i\4Q v"% 994 ok = Dialog (dlg) Mn<G9KR m\3r<*q6 If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed {I/|7b>@r Print "Execution cancelled." W%/lBkP End xB&kxW.; End If a6UW,n"n w"-' 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 1l@gZI12#/ If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <NIg`B@ 's A = 0 'Default accommodation [1I>Bc&o* Else ] D(laqS;" A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) - EwtO4vLJ End If KNR_upO8 6mawcK:7 If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then >DHpD?Pm! pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter 3f 1@<7* Else (9;qV:0` pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ?DAW~+,!7o End If S6.N)7y x#mZSSd Print " " N8$MAW Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Ol;}+?[Q Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" r#Pkhut ##%R|P3 ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation &9Vm3X taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness un+U_|>c AR<'Airi: Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens EYwDv4H,g CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens ,n')3r In-W, Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens 2r+@s g CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens Rp#9T?i``[ Ek!$Ary tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness 2>s@2=Aq 'O#,;n nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction ? WD|a( ?}QHEk:H 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation "@xF(fyg X%+FM] '************************************************************************* /o<tmK_m 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) :U5>. ): '************************************************************************* "}uPz4 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9]Q\Pr\Ub$ GetCustomElement eID, entity UX-l`ygl \wmNeGC2 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4<`x*8`
, |51z&dG ' Delete any shift(s) in z gE,i
Cx count = 0 m"B)%?C# While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B_u+$Odo GetOperation eID, count, op 8T5s6EmIOW If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8aCa(Xu(H DeleteOperation eID,count /2,s-^ count=count-1 AJRfl% 3 End If J~Gq#C^e count=count+1 E'p5 Wend O,Xf.O1c #;F1+s<|QJ 'Set new shift in ~rBeJZ op.Type = "ShiftZ" S.o@95M
op.val1 = taq [CH%(#>i~ op.parent = parID =1o_:VOG AddOperation eID, op jW6~^>S Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ziuhS4k 8aw'Q? '************************************************************************* P |c6V 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens axOdGv5 '************************************************************************* (rcH\ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) w.qpV]9> GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Or&TGwo I u1yc SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant M9MfO* Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 6MfjB@ A_: Bz: '************************************************************************* ?i*kwEj= 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens NQq$0<7.=W '************************************************************************* @?_<A%hz eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) wi]|"\ GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic rj"oz" 3n']\V SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost mDmy637_ Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost "}PaMR] 4/S% eZB '************************************************************************* clQN@1] M 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) >^%]F[Wo '************************************************************************* EfY|S3Av <`EZ^S L; parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) s OD>mc#%Y VsOn j~@ ' Delete any z-shift(s) jGM~(;iw6i count = 0 e:IUO1# While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vMJv.O>HW GetOperation eID, count, op )*N]Q If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _X{ihf DeleteOperation eID,count //VgPl count=count-1 ,u|vpN End If "Ko^m(` count=count+1 |yiM7U,i Wend nG&=$7x^ ,Z*?"d 'Set new z-shift UJ1Ui'a(!! op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^-T!(P: op.val1 = tlens M xUj7ae op.parent = parID gW'aK>*c AddOperation eID, op ']1j Mn Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *M;!{)m? W[A;VOj0$ '************************************************************************* A?8f 6 'Lens index of refraction >6 [{\uPK '************************************************************************* l)`bm/k]V eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) O-6848iCX GetModelMaterial eID, mat P6*IR| ]V J$;v'{[ mat.Nd = nlens zDY!0QZLF\ SetModelMaterial eID, mat F*rU=cu Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ',nGH|K. s"`uE$6N '************************************************************************* \?&P|7N 'Pupil diameter xlF$PpRNM '************************************************************************* j}Lt"r2F eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,g%2-#L% ]+Yd#<j(u 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) L%9DaK =mYY8c Yl SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ! %r5 TYW$=p| ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens y/rmxQtP parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :9q=o|T6D eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) QPg M<ns count = 0 hv te) While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l)GV&V GetOperation eID, count, op x3O$eKy\|5 If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m5r65=E DeleteOperation eID,count MrEyN8X count=count-1 ~]BxM9 End If x|n2,3% count=count+1 mR:G,XytxM Wend +[Nc";Oy op.Type = "ShiftZ" Qy`{y?T2 op.val1 = taq-0.01 54s+4R FL op.parent = parID 2 /O/h
AddOperation eID, op =xScHy{$ >t')ZSjRs Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam n; ;b6s5 Fp..Sjh
6 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description _x_om#~n eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) udM<jY]5p GetEntity eID, entity OoTMvZP[ entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Z?|\0GR+`5 SetEntity eID, entity 9cud CF UbKdB Update / 2>\Z ( Print "DONE!" U`sybtuBP' B;?)
End Sub |&lAt\ 4tU3+e5h 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: xTNWT_d `!Ei
H<H} Accommodation = 4 Diopters y)o!F^ Pupil Diameter = 4 mm qwJeeax Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ]+x;tPo Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 DJP)V8]!B Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 U,S&"`a Set lens thickness = 3.927 <X~
X#9V Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 52K_kB5 Set pupil diameter = 4 CJ0j2e/ DONE!
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