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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 2b3*zB*@V  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 .Qi`5C:U  
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模型 Z#o o8  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 HVk3F| ]V  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. UO!OO&l!  
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光源 [IHT)%>E8&  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 o >W}1_  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 4uTYuaCNs  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 1nvs51?H  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 kvo741RO6  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 k:d'aP3  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ['sIR+c%'O  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 SmtH2%yI  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 r]8B6iV  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: HPU7 `b4  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 P= S)V   
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 27 Lya!/  
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分析 Rfgc^3:j  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Z\@vN[[  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 |e+I5  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. VQLo vt"  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY C#vh2'  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION I.\u2B/?  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4jar5Mz  
    Dim A As Double JRl8S   
    Dim pupilDiam As Double dqG+hh^  
    Dim eID As Long N7Ne  
    Dim parID As Long *rW]HNz  
    Dim count As Integer N%>/ e'(  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (o e;p a  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ~L4"t_-  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double bt~-=\  
    Dim ok As Long 3>?ip;  
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    Sub Main PhW#=S  
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        '用户输入对话框 #H5*]"w6I  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 a@m>S$S  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 5#:tL&q  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 U,g!KN3P  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 BHU(Hd  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 m*["  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 R=8!]Oi6  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 MR8-xO'w  
        End Dialog ,g^Bu {?  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog !Ng^k>*h  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) |=GRPvvi  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 6bfk4k  
            Print "Execution cancelled." &Vl,x/  
            End 'OJXllGi  
        End If .R:eN&Y 8y  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ~\XB'  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then c*6o{x}K  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation !.p!  
        Else orTTjV]_m  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) l<v /T  
        End If y(N-1  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Zwq uS9  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter G#l zB`i  
        Else l;?.YtMg  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) $\a;?>WA"  
        End If TcRnjsY$  
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        Print " " }rGDM  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ?k"KZxpT  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" b6Ntt Y!3  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation L@G)K  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Jr1^qY`0+  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ?g<*1N?:  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Y&gfe8%5N  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Ke,-8e#Q  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens MTqbQ69v  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 6aK%s{%3s  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction (EohxLl!p  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation -"a])- j  
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        '************************************************************************* 40@KL$B=  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ClfpA?vv  
        '************************************************************************* IkkJ4G  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) b?bIxCA8  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity FtF!Dtv  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) g%\e80~1(  
    ;$0za]x  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z j^64:3  
        count = 0 ^?juY}rZ=|  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count k $+&  
            GetOperation eID, count, op <F!:dyl  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ex*g>~e  
                DeleteOperation eID,count s )To#  
                count=count-1 $G=\i>R.  
            End If s:fnOMv "  
            count=count+1 ~ 4&_$e!  
        Wend h eh! cDK  
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        'Set new shift in q].C>R*ux8  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" QZwRg&d<o  
        op.val1 = taq oxad}Y  
        op.parent = parID ]=_BK!O  
        AddOperation eID, op tv;3~Y0i  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Mz"kaO  
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        '************************************************************************* Z:n33xh=<  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens t@4vEKw?.X  
        '************************************************************************* WcUeWGC>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) |kVxrq  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -R\}Q"  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant MD1,KH+O  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @-MrmF)<U  
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        '************************************************************************* V];RQWs  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens _VMJq9.  
        '************************************************************************* QeQbO  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #Io#OG<7b  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic N;D+]_;0|  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost i:z A(  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost [jLx}\]  
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        '************************************************************************* ({i|  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) d&U;rMEv  
        '************************************************************************* m<076O4|`  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #u2PAZ@qd  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) OZv&{_b_  
        count = 0 uZ'5&k96T  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count YE-kdzff  
            GetOperation eID, count, op VLOyUt~O#  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then iu:e>r  
                DeleteOperation eID,count +~[19'GH  
                count=count-1 CiMN J  
            End If =|G PSRQ  
            count=count+1 4<O[d  
        Wend A&t}s #3  
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        'Set new z-shift ^7_<rs   
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" fh2Pn!h+  
        op.val1 = tlens Yhx~5p  
        op.parent = parID x,1&ml5  
        AddOperation eID, op >%W"u` Q  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens c''!&;[!  
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        '************************************************************************* *]H ./a:1  
        'Lens index of refraction {<|0M%v  
        '************************************************************************* \K)q$E<!  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) w!xSYh')  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat T$q]iSgu  
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        mat.Nd = nlens '~a!~F~>  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat KT|$vw2b  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens WIhf*LF"  
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        '************************************************************************* 9^}GUJy?  
        'Pupil diameter #6YNgJNk  
        '************************************************************************* 0_Y;r{3m"  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) E@N_~1  
    MW&;{m?2(  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) /Ia#udkNMp  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" _=cMa's  
    .jRXHrK;  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens wv*r}{%7g[  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2R1W[,Ga!  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) jy1*E3vQ  
        count = 0 !X,=RR `zT  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ME7JU|@Z  
            GetOperation eID, count, op E]e6a^J#  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then V1Fdt+#  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 7zNyH(.  
                count=count-1 g,q&A$Wi  
            End If {X<tUco  
            count=count+1 ?Jx8z`(  
        Wend Cx@,J\rsQ  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" N8!B2uPQ  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 AAs&wYp8Yh  
        op.parent = parID <CH7jbK  
        AddOperation eID, op Sx pl%  
    rA_e3L@v#[  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam J M`uIVnNA  
    XCk \#(VSE  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description @F=4B0=  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `zTVup&  
        GetEntity eID, entity le1'r>E$  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" _E?(cWC  
        SetEntity eID, entity |D<~a(0  
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        Update jd$lu^>I  
        Print "DONE!" {=&pnu\  
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    End Sub UZXnABg,J  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: -\r*D#aHBN  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ?6a:!^eL  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm sKNN ahGjh  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 C:H9C  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ;Cv x48  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ?}O\'Fa8  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 TMq\}k-I5  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 *P9)M%  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 (B[0BjU  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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