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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 5T sUQc  
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模型 C{TA.\   
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ?X@fKAj  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 2,ECYie^  
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光源 ^u 3V E  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 8XbA'% o  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。  >S$Z  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 .<kqJ|SVi  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 F~A'X  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 >0Q|nCx  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 %Uz(Vd#K  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 s-dLZ.9F  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 '\jd#Kn'h  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： mKYeD%Pm*  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 YM5fyv?  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 :;t #\%L/  
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分析 610D% F  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 |!y A@y?  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 :d ~|jS  
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复制代码
  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. `5H$IP1XhA  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 2)j0Ai%  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 9{:O{nl  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL \W%UZs  
    Dim A As Double NH3cq  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double NV#FvM/#"  
    Dim eID As Long qc-mGmomL  
    Dim parID As Long IgC}&  
    Dim count As Integer cV`E>w=D0  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double -,["c9'3  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double j;+?HbL  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Un6/e/6,  
    Dim ok As Long =|=.>?t6Z0  
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    Sub Main j) ,,"54*  
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        '用户输入对话框 Oh4AsOj@  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 $Y 7c  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 c2K:FdB  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 'g9"Qv?0{`  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 S(7ro]U9  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 z)uuxNv[R  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 !Kv@\4  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 BATG FS&  
        End Dialog \%p34K\  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog  aH#l9kCb  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) p6vKoI#T  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed B*E2.\~  
            Print "Execution cancelled." iPrLwheb  
            End YZ+RWu9K  
        End If mq%<6/Y U  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty SRSvot};C  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then `l*;t`h  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation <r3J0)r}  
        Else 1@lJonlF  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) y_.!!@,  
        End If pT$f8xJ  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then "kc/J*u-3  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter uB7 V?A  
        Else K5"#~\D  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) M5x U9]B  
        End If 1 1cWy+8D  
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        Print " " ,()0' h}n  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ?h1H.s2X  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 7-BvFEM;  
    ]@Sj`J[fd  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation f#Xyoa%  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness G-T0f  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens "al `$%(  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 4npqJ1  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens U#1bp}y  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens CNww`PX,zZ  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness F!.E5<&7=  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction HQ{JwW!m  
    "5A&_E }3  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 03j]d&P%d  
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        '************************************************************************* S'HnBn /  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) CwJDmz\tk  
        '************************************************************************* OnWx#84  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 95<EN (oUD  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity *~/OOH$"  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .Udj@{  
    ?i`l[+G  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z _Ob@`  
        count = 0 1[ ]&(Pa  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count FCkf#  
            GetOperation eID, count, op A0%}v*  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &)oOeRwi].  
                DeleteOperation eID,count \RVW  
                count=count-1 +<prgP`v  
            End If !a~`Bs$'jr  
            count=count+1 rcGb[=Bf  
        Wend !cGDy/ |  
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        'Set new shift in 4ikdM/  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" RyRpl*^  
        op.val1 = taq hb{ u'=  
        op.parent = parID YSaJeU>@  
        AddOperation eID, op #Mg]GeDJ{  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 MaD3[4@#  
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        '************************************************************************* 7$rjlVe  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens .I@CS>j  
        '************************************************************************* 3~#h|?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) * 9p |HX=  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7n90f2"m  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant n$[f94d=  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @x/T&67k  
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        '************************************************************************* (Y^X0yA/  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens IL_d:HF|1  
        '************************************************************************* ~y$ !48o  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) F,5r9^,_  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0<TD/1wN  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost -8N|xQ378  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost r_YIpnJ  
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        '************************************************************************* %okzOKKX  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) rDdzxrKg{  
        '************************************************************************* +ht| N[P  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) e:AHVep j{  
    >]%8Zx[  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) <[GYLN[0Q  
        count = 0 LB/C-n.`  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?`[NFqv_]  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Bb{!Yh].:A  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @/&b;s73  
                DeleteOperation eID,count % },Pe  
                count=count-1 it2 a  
            End If J1XL<7  
            count=count+1 Eq:2k)BE  
        Wend G4 G5PXi  
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        'Set new z-shift OUP?p@%]<  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" +PK6-c\r  
        op.val1 = tlens 8z5# ]u;  
        op.parent = parID "g+z !4b#  
        AddOperation eID, op FecktD=  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ^h &I H|  
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        '************************************************************************* xug)aE  
        'Lens index of refraction pG"5!42M!  
        '************************************************************************* ?r_l8  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :D7|%KK  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat t4K~cK  
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        mat.Nd = nlens +%\oO/4Fs  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat H.G!A6bd  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens F\ctuaLC  
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        '************************************************************************* V,EF'-F  
        'Pupil diameter wve=.n  
        '************************************************************************* I?Q+9Rmm`J  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ^zEE6i  
    Q)af|GW$  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) tZ2e!<C  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ^/Sh=4=G  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens <5@PWrU?[[  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^6p'YYj"5  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Tp<k<uKD  
        count = 0 >5T_g2pkv  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `:M^8SYrL  
            GetOperation eID, count, op TFDm5XJ  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &@3m -Z  
                DeleteOperation eID,count *R % wUi  
                count=count-1 6k?`:QK/sl  
            End If 6aOp[-Le  
            count=count+1 N]5m(@h  
        Wend _x1EZ&dh  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" \.e4.[%[2-  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 G[idN3+#  
        op.parent = parID R|!B,b(  
        AddOperation eID, op VSOz.g>  
    ZkB3[$4C=5  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ^+?|Qfi  
    c#xP91.m  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description cjULX+h  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) d`Q7"}uZ  
        GetEntity eID, entity }gf}eH  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" (fo Bp  
        SetEntity eID, entity =FW5Tkw0  
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        Update /48 =UK  
        Print "DONE!" e<gx~N9l'  
    AH{^spD{7,  
    End Sub PI5j"u UO  
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    如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： wX1ig  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters Uz8hANN0_  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Tvf~P w  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 6!EYrX}rI[  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 FuP/tTMU1a  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 INMP"1  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 w\|Ei(  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 3/M.0}e  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 B94 &elu  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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