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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 dTwZ-%  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 T]fBVA  
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模型 -{=c T?"+  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 1yg5d9  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. rRK^vfoJ`  
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光源 {Iu9%uR>@  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 3ZhB 8 P  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 j&qJK,~  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 M }H7`,@I  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 "92Z"I~1  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 TfFuHzZZ  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 rK@UCRf  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 Y >N`(  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 &M6cCT]&M  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ?Ww\D8yV&  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 2Y+8!4^L a  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 HVz,liq  
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分析 yzml4/X  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 [8sL);pJO  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 9m:qQ1[\  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. OcBn1k.  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY -bq\2Yc$]  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION o#IQz_  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL A^a9,T  
    Dim A As Double vT7ei"~&u  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double n<x NE %  
    Dim eID As Long ;zbF~5e  
    Dim parID As Long [P*w$Hn  
    Dim count As Integer 6 s+ Z  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double L'>t:^QTh  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double cX64 X  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 54A ndyeA  
    Dim ok As Long Ff\U]g  
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    Sub Main 4~G++|NQ  
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        '用户输入对话框 U =()T}b>  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 {FavF 9O  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 E+65  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 *d,u)l :S  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Jk.Ec )w  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 TV>UD q  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 w:}RS.AK  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 d45JT?qg&  
        End Dialog <3!jra,h  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog |!\(eLR9>  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 4Qr16,Us  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed $=j}JX}z  
            Print "Execution cancelled." C?Sy90f  
            End j}=$2|}8{  
        End If T/^ /U6JB  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty FS%Xq-c  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then #du!tx ( _  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation BO b#9r  
        Else W*hRYgaX3  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) cTKj1)!z?X  
        End If %} _{_Z  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then e1dT~l  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter a& Ti44a[  
        Else 89>U Koc?  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) (8<U+)[tPy  
        End If /x6,"M[97  
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        Print " " CL*i,9:NR  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" yIwAJl7Xf  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" _u^ S[  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Y5~_y?BX  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Q0f7gY1-%  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Uk u~"OGC  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 9S0I<<m  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens blcd]7nK  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens fA u^%jiU  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness C@` eYi  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction *5k" v"NM(  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation C>q,c3s5  
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        '************************************************************************* 6mJa  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) y K~;LV  
        '************************************************************************* /O1r=lv3Z  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) p4;A[2Ot`:  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity W8Z&J18AU  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 48CLnyYiF  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z Kc+;"4/#q  
        count = 0 hPhNDmL#3  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3jIi$X06  
            GetOperation eID, count, op "VxZnT  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then g&y'#,'Q~,  
                DeleteOperation eID,count (MiEXU~v  
                count=count-1 P SDzs\s  
            End If KH)(xB=  
            count=count+1 7@u0;5p|  
        Wend O1pBr=+j+{  
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        'Set new shift in r>1M&Y=<  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 9 WsPBzi"T  
        op.val1 = taq @~0kSA7  
        op.parent = parID 6LRI~*F=3  
        AddOperation eID, op ~d :Z |8  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 F gM<2$h  
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        '************************************************************************* *R.Q!L v+  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]%jlaXb  
        '************************************************************************* 7u]0dHj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) AAjsb<P  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic f?T6Ne'  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ,.tv#j|A  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant z5PFppSQ  
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        '************************************************************************* E]`)  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ;hi+.ng_  
        '************************************************************************* |?6r&bT  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) "h'0&ZP~_  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Hzs]\%"  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Q#8}pBw  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost /NCEZ@2BN,  
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        '************************************************************************* l$D]*_ jc,  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) deSrs:.  
        '************************************************************************* 3+_? /}<  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %;kr%%t%  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) ;o]'7qGb  
        count = 0 L6yRN>5aE  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Szrr`.']  
            GetOperation eID, count, op YXxaD@  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;u!qu$O  
                DeleteOperation eID,count pOQ'k>!  
                count=count-1 GGk.-Ew@  
            End If B Jp\a7`;  
            count=count+1 <@xp. Y  
        Wend Tct8NG  
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        'Set new z-shift tbD>A6&VM}  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" VH7VJ [  
        op.val1 = tlens iLw O4i  
        op.parent = parID (yWU9q)5  
        AddOperation eID, op w!o[pvyR$  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens %7 h _D  
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        '************************************************************************* +c5z-X$^]  
        'Lens index of refraction k"F5'Od  
        '************************************************************************* YIo $  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ~F?s\kp6  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat #UL:#pY  
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        mat.Nd = nlens I*_@WoI*  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 8B;wn<O  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens "']I.  
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        '************************************************************************* _cdrz)T  
        'Pupil diameter `oP :F[B  
        '************************************************************************* =4cK9ac  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ?{l}35Q.@  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) =?>f[J5  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 9,\b$?9  
    ei)ljvvmHP  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens v'uWmL7C  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B}_*0D  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Xdj` $/RI  
        count = 0 |k$^RU<OF  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count n{JBC%^g  
            GetOperation eID, count, op x!GHUz*:uz  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W1S7%6y_1  
                DeleteOperation eID,count wYy=Tl-N  
                count=count-1 k4jZu?\C]  
            End If '<_nL8A^  
            count=count+1 ]vRte!QJ;  
        Wend p2 u*{k{  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7Y T%.ID  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ^6j: lL  
        op.parent = parID $qG;^1$  
        AddOperation eID, op %PozxF:  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Z18T<e  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description l&l&e OE  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rOd<nP^`\  
        GetEntity eID, entity P34UD:  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 4ti\;55{W  
        SetEntity eID, entity ApHs`0=(  
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        Update i]&C=X  
        Print "DONE!" Zp@j*P  
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    End Sub 3V ~871:-~  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: Q\.~cIw_AQ  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters F]]1>w*/0  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm yh0zW $  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 V45A>#?U  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ~L\KMB/9e=  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 eV:I :::  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 CT5\8C  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 T-e'r  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 6;s.%W  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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