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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 YRa4W.&Yn  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 hmzair3X  
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模型 sFx$>:$  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 qRUCnCZs  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 24|<<Xn  
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光源 _h~p:=  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 +3?`M<L0  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 ORtg>az\%  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 E 8^sy*f  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ;_bq9x  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 _DrnL}9I7  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 6NSO>/E  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 @2|G|C/]O}  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 c}8 -/P=  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Tu'E{Hw  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 z.{HD9TD  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 f0g6g!&gf  
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分析 .0KOnLdK  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 &F9OZMK=  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 XZ; *>(  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. O} (E(v  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY |zg=+  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION #fJwC7  4  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =CGD ~p`  
    Dim A As Double &boj$ k!g[  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double EF0Pt  
    Dim eID As Long NH<Y1t  
    Dim parID As Long "@aq@mY@  
    Dim count As Integer b^+Fs  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double `f2W;@V0  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double t4C<#nfo  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ]gjr+GV  
    Dim ok As Long 6j?FRs  
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    Sub Main _95- -\  
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        '用户输入对话框 Q>##hG:m  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 7=; D0SS  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 7j4ej|Fjo  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QZ6[*_Z6  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 M ,Zm|3L  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 $@5%5  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 'nC3:U  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 #_?426Wfs  
        End Dialog M9g~lKs'  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog >Iu]T{QNO  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) )w^GP lh  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed +e&m#d  
            Print "Execution cancelled." )er?*^9Z  
            End uEc0/ a :.  
        End If x e"4u JO  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty =$&7IQ?  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then fho=<|-  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation V[BY/<z)A  
        Else !C9ps]6  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) hr )+Pk  
        End If U)O?| VN^o  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then i*mZi4URN  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 9~LpO>-  
        Else `@VM<av  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 4*@G&v?n  
        End If BXQ\A~P\  
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        Print " " l044c,AW(  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" =;'ope(?S  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ~u O:tL  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation B,BOzpb(  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness y^E F<<\  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens #;qFPj- v  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens knNhN=hG+  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens }mtC6G41Q  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 2XETQ;9  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness m11"i=S"  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction i5L+8kx4  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation !:g>CDA  
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        '************************************************************************* Zh@4_Z9n!  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) CA~em_dC  
        '************************************************************************* h;4y=UU  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ^5FJ}MMJf  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ~I/>i&|M1  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $~w@0Yl  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ~_f |".T  
        count = 0 ecSdU>  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B4\:2hBq  
            GetOperation eID, count, op -6em*$k^  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  9:K  
                DeleteOperation eID,count `ohF?5J,  
                count=count-1 8vX*SrM  
            End If #LrCx"_&  
            count=count+1 BW;=i.  
        Wend w>9H"Q[  
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        'Set new shift in U:pLnNp`  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" "S{6LWkD  
        op.val1 = taq QvK]<HEr  
        op.parent = parID =@ L5  
        AddOperation eID, op w/^0tZ~  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Qn'r+X5t  
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        '************************************************************************* n{qw ]/  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens +*:x#$phx  
        '************************************************************************* ![X.%  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) KOAz-h@6   
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "PDSqYA  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant {%+3D,$)  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 1=o(sIeA  
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        '************************************************************************* i}$N&  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ( F"& A?  
        '************************************************************************* eqUn8<<s  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) D\_*,Fc  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 3MBz  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost H/v37%p7  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost &:cTo(C'  
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        '************************************************************************* hF=V ?\  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) JG+g88  
        '************************************************************************* <+i`W7  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) BB73' W8y  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) sJYKt   
        count = 0 M'!!EQo  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count y 4,T  
            GetOperation eID, count, op b09#+CH?  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1rm$@L  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Q&U= jX  
                count=count-1 >* Qk~kv<%  
            End If vsr~[d=  
            count=count+1 Zkb,v!l  
        Wend J\,e/{,X  
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        'Set new z-shift *!7SM 7  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" uwS'*5tU  
        op.val1 = tlens fY+ .#V  
        op.parent = parID J<P/w%i2  
        AddOperation eID, op Nm :|C 3_I  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens $GfxMt  
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        '************************************************************************* [Xo J7  
        'Lens index of refraction DrCfC[A~]  
        '************************************************************************* >8mW-p  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ])ZJ1QL1  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat ^MWW,`  
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        mat.Nd = nlens K v>#  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat NNpa69U  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens #( Yb lY  
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        '************************************************************************* zZ"')+7q&%  
        'Pupil diameter 1p5q}">z  
        '************************************************************************* ah@GSu;7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) >8HRnCyp/  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) c$Nl-?W  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 0PX@E-n  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens f*H}eu3/j  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Z.Y8z#[xg  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) w\Eve:  
        count = 0 E6IL,Iq9  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ewlc ^`  
            GetOperation eID, count, op BO cEL%+  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Y?SJQhN6W  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ' xq5tRg>  
                count=count-1 n#AH@`&i  
            End If r3lr`s`  
            count=count+1 |P?B AWYeQ  
        Wend :95_W/l  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]$k m  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 bX1! fa  
        op.parent = parID Mh B=+S[@  
        AddOperation eID, op L1w4WFWO  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam '$nGtB5  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description K?<Odw'k  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Yy;1N{dbT  
        GetEntity eID, entity C2%3+  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" *>H'@gS  
        SetEntity eID, entity KD<`-b)7<  
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        Update BP><G^  
        Print "DONE!" $f-pLF+x  
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    End Sub t#Yh!L6>  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: "tbBbEj?d  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 5 `mVe0uI  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm A)0m~+?{J  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ApB'O;5  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ( I~XwP&  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 lcLxqnv  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 fA,!d J  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 h.%Qn vL  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 C/#/F#C  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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