首页 -> 登录 -> 注册 -> 回复主题 -> 发表主题
光行天下 -> 讯技光电&黉论教育 -> Arizona眼睛模型 [点此返回论坛查看本帖完整版本] [打印本页]

infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 #'qEm=%  
^cE|o&Rm;  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 g|W|>`>  
BwN65_5p  
模型 {%S>!RA  
>g+ogwZ  
模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 s uT#k3  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
[attachment=111140]
q L6Rs  
*Ge2P3  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. VQr)VU=jb  
?mK`Wleh?  
光源 *}Al0\q0M  
9Bl c  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 k{/2vV[`]  
0L "+,  
[attachment=111141]
图1. 光源和提示信息使用
z@lUaMm:F  
QMGMXa   
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 cO,ELu  
'J&&F2O%  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 qwlIz/j  
[attachment=111142]
图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 pPUv8, %  
N7=L^]  
[attachment=111143]
图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
]j.??'+rg  
niZ/yW{w  
视网膜的散射 nVqFCBB  
69U[kW&  
在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 -[cl]H)V  
jP{LMmV  
[attachment=111144]
图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
WXqrx*?*+  
#tyHjk  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 @za X\  
$7{|  
[attachment=111145]
图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
3,@I` M  
TI{W(2O*  
脚本 rrGsam\.  
,Db+c3  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: )q?z "F|  
[attachment=111146]
图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
xP<cF  
[attachment=111147]
图7. 用户对话框编辑器
p?OwcMT]M  
q' };.tv  
如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 d($f8{~W  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ='1J&w~7  
Gld|w=qr  
分析 zbt>5S_  
ipB*]B F[  
屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 r>N5 ^  
[attachment=111148]
图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
tcYbM+4e  
Xp <RG p7E  
脚本代码 a9 =,P  
;H5H7ezV  
  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 30 Vv Zb  
    =F2e*?a3  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY bd[zdL#4K  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 5_U3Fs  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Cj?X+#J/@d  
    Dim A As Double \>NjeMuWU  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double |t^7L )&y  
    Dim eID As Long ShAI6j  
    Dim parID As Long eR.ucTji  
    Dim count As Integer M IPmsEdBi  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Yr@)W~  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double s8T} ah!  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double CybHr#LBc  
    Dim ok As Long t?p[w&@M2  
    cDMA#gp  
    Sub Main yW.s?3X  
    O/M\Q  
        '用户输入对话框 W/U&w.$  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 S/CT;M@W  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 f/G YDat  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ;+XiDEX0}  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 {.tUn`j6V  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 :UmY|=v?t  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 $FEG0&  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 :(EU\yCzK  
        End Dialog |,F/_    
        Dim dlg As UserDialog rt] @Z`w  
    L- [<C/`;t  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) cCN[c)[c|  
    E<;C@B  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Two$wL/  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 6P;JF%{J  
            End P`wp`HI  
        End If e$|g  
    l+S08IZ  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty v|~ yIywf  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Hs<vCL \  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation b`E'MX_ m  
        Else az3rK4g  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) RWf4Wh?d  
        End If dE2(PQb*P  
    |Euf:yWY  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then w@Ut[ ;6^  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter lqe;lWC0Z  
        Else 2bU 3*m^M  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) aloP@U/\Sn  
        End If !=>pI/ECQ*  
    `WHP#z  
        Print " " DPI iGRw  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" |) QE+|?P  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ,6?L.L  
    hp6S *d  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation gl-O"%rMcL  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 'VCF{0{H~  
    XPE{]4 g  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens '~A~gK0  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens NK'awv),pM  
    y)?Sn  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens lCg'K(|"  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens j.X3SQb4G  
    rmutw~nHD  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness [_ESR/&N  
    4)ez0[i$X  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction "#^11o8  
    S{aK\>>H  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation \'6hv>W@  
    !]7r>NS>  
        '************************************************************************* DU#6%8~  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ziCTvT  
        '************************************************************************* jI!}}K)d  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) K1 a$ m2  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity <zH24[  
    J< BBM.^]  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) uqPagt<  
    dX-Xzg  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z }7E2,A9_"  
        count = 0 DE:FWD<}  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count !_)*L+7f_  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ,Hn{nVU1R=  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then N=lFf+  
                DeleteOperation eID,count x\!Q[  
                count=count-1 57^ X@ra$  
            End If V9f$zjpw  
            count=count+1 j u`x   
        Wend a,IE;5kG  
    \wqi_[A  
        'Set new shift in TyVn5XHl^  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" pq$`T|6^  
        op.val1 = taq v<N7o8  
        op.parent = parID NL%5'8F>,  
        AddOperation eID, op > f,G3Ay  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 XhjH68S(  
    tWy0% -  
        '************************************************************************* LO0<=4iN(  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens p =_K P9  
        '*************************************************************************  2bwf(  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ?]SSmZpk  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7<['4*u  
    @w|'ip5@  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant $Kn{x!,"(  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant $-'p6^5  
    1TeYA6 t  
        '************************************************************************* $lmGMljF  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens xG i,\K\:  
        '************************************************************************* raRb K8CQ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Y S )Q#fP  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic hOjy$Z  
    -@f5d  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost d[(KgX9  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost _Vr>/f  
    &y"e|aE  
        '************************************************************************* gSS2)Sd}  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) n 5h4]u  
        '************************************************************************* z/yNFY]i  
    7:'7EqM  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) k_$:?$  
    9M{z@H/  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) [;yEG$)K  
        count = 0 H.#<&5f  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eCHT) 35u  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 7kJ =C  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Obwj=_+upd  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Ao>] ~r0  
                count=count-1 :s|" ZR  
            End If V4kt&61  
            count=count+1 5lehASBz  
        Wend ~kM# lh7At  
    *m$P17/C  
        'Set new z-shift R >1  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" a(- ^ .w  
        op.val1 = tlens . Z 93S|q  
        op.parent = parID <pzCpF<  
        AddOperation eID, op hJ[Z~PC\T0  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 6S*L[zBnA\  
    CsfGjqpf  
        '************************************************************************* [k qx%4q)  
        'Lens index of refraction stn/  
        '************************************************************************* kOi@QLdN  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) |/rms`YQ  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat -'ff0l  
    4 XSEN ]F  
        mat.Nd = nlens \/E+nn\)  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat N,N9K  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens mOm_a9M L  
    >9F&x>~  
        '************************************************************************* `a *_b9  
        'Pupil diameter J${'?!N  
        '************************************************************************* ;A^Ii>`  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) tS|gQUF17  
    <OF2\#Nh  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) dV_ClH &)  
    y>4r<Y ZQ  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ,T:Uk*Bj  
    -2Bkun4Pt  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens tkQ#mipAj  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -qv*%O@  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Vqr#%. N  
        count = 0 |]s/NNU  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  hsYS<]  
            GetOperation eID, count, op >iE/t$%1  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then U7GgGMw  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Yi?X|"\`  
                count=count-1 B{x`^3q R  
            End If S}QvG&c  
            count=count+1 @D$^- S6  
        Wend T >BlnA  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" #j!RbW  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 dY|~"6d)  
        op.parent = parID e+`LtEve0  
        AddOperation eID, op .K I6<k/  
    W|C>X=zTi  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam J3 Y-d7=|  
    wlSl ~A/s  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description z`)i"O]-K_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }q8 |t3  
        GetEntity eID, entity x}\_o< d  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ^t p6G  
        SetEntity eID, entity . #+N?D<  
    H rMH  
        Update by*?PhfF  
        Print "DONE!" 'aj97b;lpG  
    "e)C.#3  
    End Sub c~,OU7[  
    cJp:0'd  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: }vx+/J  
    h mijp1u  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters q$#5>5&  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm P|0dZHpT  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ->H4!FS  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 *?l-:bc]  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 _BC%98:WP  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 3c%dErch  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 DL*/hbG  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 q4Rvr[  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
太赞了,终于看到完整的文档
查看本帖完整版本: [-- Arizona眼睛模型 --] [-- top --]

Copyright © 2005-2025 光行天下 蜀ICP备06003254号-1 网站统计