| infotek |
2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 DvA#zX[ J>nta?/,X 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 [u-=<hnoa TETfRnm 模型 XD[9wd5w8 dp3TJZ+U 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 s GrI%3[e" Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] 'n?"f |G IY?o \vC 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. p%OVl[^jp %,d+jBM 光源 `"$9L[> l8lJ & 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 9YBlMf`KEf V7+/|P_ [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 paxZlA
o \;"S>dg 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 T$V8n_; C{6m?6 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 tV7{j'If [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 W5&KmA V{rQ@7SE [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 ^SwU]e ?X7nM) 视网膜的散射 ZjnWbnW V.o*`V 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ^;Yjs.bI`F *mN8Qd [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 zXd#kw; 86o'3G9@ 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 8JO(P0aT rE\&FVx [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 i2\CDYP *#'&a(hB! 脚本 C Y)[{r 'RR,b*Ql 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: L-e6^%eU [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 3LVL5y7| [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 HA0yX?f] AgdU@&^ 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 !,*Uvs@b 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 B{1yMJA a$Ghb] 分析 ay28%[Q b4 1w>G8 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 -}Rh+n` [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 az Oib=3fz "%=K_WJ? 脚本代码 0fR?zT? `iwGPG!
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ]Vf2Mn=]"
`P;uPQDzZ3 Dim entity As T_ENTITY qp]sVY Dim op As T_OPERATION P;e@<O Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL j,N,WtE Dim A As Double .O9Pn,: Dim pupilDiam As Double c5{3 Dim eID As Long &|Vzo@D(! Dim parID As Long kgRgHkAH~ Dim count As Integer v1E(K09h2 Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double IPnx5#eB
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double .~4DlT Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 'ExQG$t Dim ok As Long R"QWap} 0a)LZp| Sub Main $H7T|`WI., ^^gV@fz '用户输入对话框
~&_BT`a Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 5%R$7>`Z TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 vslN([@JR Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ~"vRH OKButton 40,91,90,21 e&=T` CancelButton 190,91,90,21 kn6X
I* Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ,j\UZ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Y!CGuLHL`[ End Dialog /I q6'oo Dim dlg As UserDialog |B@\Nf7 TfFH!1^+ ok = Dialog (dlg) P vS\ Z`'&yG;U If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed P.]O8r Print "Execution cancelled." ww~gmz End 1;[ZkRbzL End If QdP)-Fx n)>nfnh 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty
/w(t=Y If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then |'12Kv]#Xa A = 0 'Default accommodation @jH8x!5u: Else d##'0yg A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) }9(:W </} End If /%h<^YDBf J(x42Q}*S If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then FtxmCIVIV~ pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter 7_AcvsdW Else 0p ZX _L' pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ~,P." End If uVV;"LVK~ rfc;
Print " " =Ev*Q[ Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 8{J{)gF Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" o_ SR (]p,Z<f ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation !l1ycQM taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness F /% 5 r{ `Ui|T Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens -OV!56& CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens 6/eh~ME= j`kw2( Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens )]C7+{ImC CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens Ym"Nj B*j
AD2 tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness l*C(FPw4 sDvtk]4o-4 nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction !&OybjQ Y;WHjW(K 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation `l8^n0- ,V2,FoJ 9 '************************************************************************* ?Wm.'S'to 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) :3Hr:~ '************************************************************************* 5n'C6q " eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .I&]G GetCustomElement eID, entity RtVG6'Y IT_Fs|$ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rwUKg[
1N ?1u2P$d ' Delete any shift(s) in z X}$uvB}+> count = 0 Dk XB While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ngoAFb GetOperation eID, count, op {qHf%y&[ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kmXaLt2Z DeleteOperation eID,count { f@k2^ count=count-1 ~L.)<{? End If ^q0Ox&X count=count+1 A12 #v, Wend GCTf/V\# E#=slj@ 'Set new shift in Ph*tZrd*# op.Type = "ShiftZ" )q48cQ op.val1 = taq 7#BpGQJQ op.parent = parID "`AIU}[_I AddOperation eID, op vUXas*s4 Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 GX+o A] L-lDvc?5c '************************************************************************* P]4C/UDS-~ 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens P+Ta|- '************************************************************************* nRmZu\(Ow| eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) gUoTOA, GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic KXP^F6@l SBY
SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant `
qqUuFMM Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 8N|y HV^*_ '************************************************************************* p9[J9D3~ 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens hi I`ot '************************************************************************* 9oL/oL-J/ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) d&x1uso%L GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 6+9inWTT( 'W/E*O6BY SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost rQ^$)%uP Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ^y,%Tv> j`Xe0U< '************************************************************************* JR1/\F<} 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Wv]NFHe# '************************************************************************* {%K(O$H# 3sf+u oV parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) :6 ?&L +IiL(\ew ' Delete any z-shift(s) OYEL` !Q count = 0 p
xrd D7 While GetOperationCount(eID)>count > !thxG/_ GetOperation eID, count, op zice0({iJ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then fT-yY` DeleteOperation eID,count LB|FVNW/S count=count-1 5sD\4 g)HK End If c[4H count=count+1 $:R"IqDG Wend #TLqo(/ ^@'LF
T) 'Set new z-shift OQ>r;)/ op.Type = "ShiftZ" }];8v+M op.val1 = tlens -,t2D/xK op.parent = parID ]urrAIK AddOperation eID, op t'bzhPQO)f Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *_puW
x _
13M '************************************************************************* !A(*?0` 'Lens index of refraction @tvAI2W '************************************************************************* v*+.;60_ eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) lS.*/u*5 GetModelMaterial eID, mat ,4hQ#x "=0#pH1o mat.Nd = nlens MXWCYi SetModelMaterial eID, mat rULrGoM Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens io_4d2uBh Dz4fP;n '************************************************************************* ALqP;/ 'Pupil diameter je6H}eWTC6 '************************************************************************* SrPZ^NF eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 4@D 8{?$~Q F2yc&mXyk 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) >}`q4U6$ v:c_q]z#B SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" H@$\SUc{ i?uJ<BdU[ ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Omkl|l9 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `}/&}Sp eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Hf( d x\5 count = 0 PT7L65 While GetOperationCount(eID)>count
9K*yds GetOperation eID, count, op J>(I"K% If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then R=jIVw' DeleteOperation eID,count >r] bfN, count=count-1 6$TE-l End If yk1syN_ count=count+1 u|l]8T9L Wend >'4Bq*5> op.Type = "ShiftZ" qkpnXQ op.val1 = taq-0.01 }~Z1C0t op.parent = parID +@),Fk_ AddOperation eID, op *Z"9Q X ", b}-B Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam qF m=(J% &DC
o;Ij; 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description f)x^s$H eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *rPUVhD_ GetEntity eID, entity 'ojI_%9< entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 4R5+"h: SetEntity eID, entity 1?\ #hemL "f|\":\ Update ZSj^\JU Print "DONE!" n5i#GvO^ F%!ZHE7 End Sub 5#+G7 'k W]p)}#FR 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: /PbN!r<1 Zf~Em'g"3 Accommodation = 4 Diopters "'
g*_ Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ydOJ^Yty Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ]YcM45xg Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 1*aw~nY0 Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Rckqr7q Set lens thickness = 3.927 d4h1#MK Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 k
9 Xi|Yj Set pupil diameter = 4 V=}AFGC85 DONE!
|
|