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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 61HJ% 07ppq?,y 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 qk0cf~gz .O+,1&D5 模型 c5i7mx:. ^HI2Vp 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 4`RZ&w;1H2 Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] X"HVK+ { W5
_KX 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.
nI+.De~ eU]I !pI< 光源 g^i\7' 5pHv5e 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 -G=.3
bux TvRm 7 [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 lC
d\nE8G ,&Zk63V 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 n1'i!NWt c+whpQ=01 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 CWd
& [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 KXWz(L!1 TKEcbGhy [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 Rdj^k^V+a1 @bnw$U`+ 视网膜的散射 6_tl_O7 Q yQ[H 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 c<q~T >0k N\CHIsVm> [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 sY]pszjT KWi|7z(L= 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ?1eu9; q\* Dx9k%G)! [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 rj1%IzaXU^ 7WmY:g#s 脚本 rQTG-& , +p]@ b 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示:
!rG-[7K [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 <v\x<ul6 [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 ]/[@.
z38Pi 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ;^)4u 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 .n?i'8 z 5~X3k7 分析 |]Y6*uEX< W3R43>$ 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 xZ QyH [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 sc rss H87k1^}HV 脚本代码 5T'viG}% 2B_+5
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 7Q&S [])
#!r>3W& Dim entity As T_ENTITY VZ9`Kbu Dim op As T_OPERATION pp
>F)A0v Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL kn&BGYt Dim A As Double 6/Z_r0^O Dim pupilDiam As Double dw| VH1fS Dim eID As Long C2DAsSw Dim parID As Long HisH\z/i5) Dim count As Integer }5B\:*yW Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double G^/8^Zi Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double tC7 4= Dim curv As Double, conic As Double zIU6bMMT3u Dim ok As Long Go[anf <DEu]-'> Sub Main ~P*{%= a fvA167\ '用户输入对话框 jgfr_"@A Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ;g<y{o"Q3p TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ^r{N^ Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 aZo>3z; OKButton 40,91,90,21 81)i>] CancelButton 190,91,90,21 un)PW&~E Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 >;fn,9w TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Hig.` P End Dialog J d,9<m$ Dim dlg As UserDialog RXO5pd ?H8dyQ5" ok = Dialog (dlg) # `@jVX0 Pup%lO`.0 If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed lKS 2OOYC` Print "Execution cancelled." bPuO~#iN~ End
M{YN^
Kk End If ;i?R+T Z[1|('
'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty nu[["f~ If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then (Hs,Tj A = 0 'Default accommodation a!;#u8f Else i\o * =+{r A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Ghar
hJ>v End If ]?Q<lMG 6DC+8I< If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then j%81q pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter LQ||7>{eX Else 9)4_@rf% pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) O5*3
qJp End If q/qig5Ou
.P ??N Print " " <%=<9~e Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" qga?-oz,<6 Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" KNOVb=#f_ lLU8eHf\ ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation NGW:hgf taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness J58S8:c 9H+Q/Q*-a Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens 8cuI-Swz CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens lA4TWU (] ^^*Ia'9 Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens rshUF CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens }R_Rw:W }$(\,SzW tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness }?sC1]-j& Uyd' uC nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction ;f)AM}~^Q =RQI5nHdw 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation xRqA^Ad 9VSi2p* '************************************************************************* '@HCwEuz 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) pv"s!q& '************************************************************************* Sar1NkD# eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >G As&\4hs GetCustomElement eID, entity 1had8K- NB-%Tp*d parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) z:u)@>6D1 m!]J{OGG: ' Delete any shift(s) in z SnM^T(gtS3 count = 0 Bi>]s%zp While GetOperationCount(eID)>count amWKykVS5 GetOperation eID, count, op FwD
q@Oj If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then M;YJpi DeleteOperation eID,count )RQQhB count=count-1 z|\n^ZK= End If FW{K[km^P count=count+1 zU_dk'&, Wend nwIj?(8x mmy/YP) 'Set new shift in p8Z;QH* op.Type = "ShiftZ" PX` xr1o op.val1 = taq ;WhRDmT op.parent = parID
=y`-:j\ AddOperation eID, op _/Ay$l;F Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 </aQ oe!4ng[ '************************************************************************* 7OS i2 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Jm"W+! E '************************************************************************* 4t>"-/ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) *p9k> )'J GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic {CNJlr@z O2"V'( SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant [a?bv7Kz Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @Bn4ZFB@ KL$> j/qT '************************************************************************* p"j&s 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 6~x a^3G: '************************************************************************* ef/43+F^x eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) QS1lg GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic
'(g;nU< Z'Pe%}3 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost hTmJ
~m'J Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost yB 'C9wEH {L [ '************************************************************************* !!w(`kmn1 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) k4E9=y? '************************************************************************* Kf_xKW)^ ai;Q,Vy parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2A9crL$ afzx?ekdF ' Delete any z-shift(s) T8x8TN" count = 0 \&ki79Ly- While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,+I]\ZeO GetOperation eID, count, op gQJLqs"F If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then CF@*ki3X DeleteOperation eID,count owb+,Gk( count=count-1 eZ-fy,E End If kk4+>mk count=count+1 ]E'?#z.t Wend TQ0ZBhd 4^ U%` 1 'Set new z-shift PN:`SWP op.Type = "ShiftZ" D5f[: op.val1 = tlens (U
4n} J op.parent = parID gGx(mX._L? AddOperation eID, op sg49a9`8 Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens #kA?*i[T DiTpjk]c` '************************************************************************* EuImj#Zl 'Lens index of refraction =1'WZp}D5 '************************************************************************* o>bi~(H eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) [IAk9B.\ GetModelMaterial eID, mat V>GJO (9 NJV kn~< mat.Nd = nlens hZ!kh3@:` SetModelMaterial eID, mat *c&OAL] Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens z(
}w| R. Fl5B '************************************************************************* *[*q#b$j 'Pupil diameter %Lb
cwh(9 '************************************************************************* Gf:dN_e6. eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) iA[o;D# <W) F{N? 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) |]k,0Y3v xXa4t4gR SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" I,HtW ), V\opC6*L_e ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "Z;({a$v parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ` aF8|tc_ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `'k2gq& count = 0 r>TOJVT&] While GetOperationCount(eID)>count AXSip GetOperation eID, count, op w-xigm>{Z If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then f?ibyoXL DeleteOperation eID,count M X7Ix{ count=count-1 s S#/JLDx] End If j3T)gFP count=count+1 kWy@wPqms Wend R[S1<m; op.Type = "ShiftZ" H$ g* op.val1 = taq-0.01 CR%h$+dzy op.parent = parID &zJ*afi) AddOperation eID, op %7w8M{I R3 ccPWfy_ Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam aNNRw(0/ M0\gp@Fe 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description xpo^\E?2 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8"g+
k`PRy GetEntity eID, entity GKSF(Tnj entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" &}7R\co3 SetEntity eID, entity 0GeL">v,:= W*#5Sk Update ?A_+G 5 Print "DONE!" ls!A'@J >/Q^.hzd End Sub ; '
vkF VP^Yf_ 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: B@0#*I
Rm % XZ&( Accommodation = 4 Diopters Ol+D"k~<C Pupil Diameter = 4 mm [u2t1^#Ol Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Ba|}$jo Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 bHE.EBZ Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 SJMbYjn0J Set lens thickness = 3.927 ]&q<O0^' Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 j>:N0:
Set pupil diameter = 4 K<`Z@f3'w DONE!
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