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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 N]sX
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p0 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?iBHJ{ 1xo<V5 模型 4&/-xg87( hD/bO 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 BE}qwP^ Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] +6{KrREX) IczEddt@' 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. o;JBe"1 |7I.DBjR; 光源 r(yb%p+ &7X0 ;< 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 \0pJ+@\T9 1q!6Sny@ [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 }r/L 9 `#X{. 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 pz^"~0o5 m-a_<xo 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 <_H0Q_/( [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 !`='K
+ "FaG5X( [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 1W
HR;!u 4f"a/(>* 视网膜的散射 _wf"E(c3D @11voD 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 <S0!$.Kg*< -zz9k=q [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 zT~ GBC-IX Y^S0K'N 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 eeb8v:4 wy_TFV [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 mI in'M 0tB9X9 :, 脚本 v(4C?vxhG Li=l/ 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: $X~=M_W [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 p9_45u`u2 [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 > KH4X: aM.l+DP 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 qg6Hk:^r 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 n]coqJ kZGhE2np 分析 =$Q3!bJ kC9A 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 a$t [}D2 [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 ? *I9 3[aJ=5 脚本代码 uNhAfZ 9i|6
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. PD/JXExK
",8h>eEWK Dim entity As T_ENTITY )vGRfFjw_ Dim op As T_OPERATION <)n
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n7<<}wcV Dim A As Double !b _<_Y{l Dim pupilDiam As Double 9f l !CG Dim eID As Long ~T4=Id Dim parID As Long !8=uBS% Dim count As Integer e$>5GM Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double <JH0 & Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double vW)GUAF[ Dim curv As Double, conic As Double p-KuCobz] Dim ok As Long XcfTE
m 4?yc/F=kI Sub Main 2,QkktJLo 6lWO8j^BN '用户输入对话框 MB "?^~Sm Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 [sKdIw_ TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 m_Fw;s/9 Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 4qm5`o\hb OKButton 40,91,90,21 GF/p|I D CancelButton 190,91,90,21 w@%W{aUC Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 J$WIF&*0@ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 O&w$ End Dialog #sqDZ]\B Dim dlg As UserDialog <
m9O0 HZK0Ldf ok = Dialog (dlg) ;_Rx|~!! <RhKlCP If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed nW drVT$ Print "Execution cancelled." \
I?;% End U.^)|IHW End If LiB0]+wzj Gg.w-& 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty U<6k!Y9ny If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then %ri4nKGS A = 0 'Default accommodation 3mm`8!R Else -dvDAs{X A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Y\%}VD2k End If ~AE034_N TM^1{0;r5 If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then .i=%gg pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter )$]+R?v Else HRb_ZJz pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) U/iAP W4U End If f^%E]ki ]nQ$:%HP Print " " Qs?+vk?*h Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" cLYc""= Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" KqS2 q!H3JL ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 5AjK7[<L taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness eLC&f} G1nW{vce Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens RV$+g.4 CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens / P:Hfq =:g^_Hy Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens rvmI
8 CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens
yCkm| mhVoz0%1X tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness }agl:~C vXnpx}B nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction :O!G{./(_ qIqk@u 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation cdfll+ G^(&B30V '************************************************************************* M|v.5l# 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) !:n),sFv45 '************************************************************************* y(]|jRo eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) hv"toszj\ GetCustomElement eID, entity {fb~`=? \=@r1[d parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Qr<%rU^{. N*SgP@Bt ' Delete any shift(s) in z Xou#38&p> count = 0 o5D" <-=> While GetOperationCount(eID)>count nfJ8Rt
GetOperation eID, count, op #PrV)en If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then j^ _I{ DeleteOperation eID,count a?Y1G3U' count=count-1 `;_tt_ End If QB.'8B_ count=count+1 >b["T+ Wend E&>,B81 `Of wl%G 'Set new shift in 0`P]fL+& op.Type = "ShiftZ" }]~}DHYr op.val1 = taq psZeu*/r op.parent = parID ,Mhe:^3 AddOperation eID, op @gqw]_W Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 S[a5k;8GL |tg?b&QR '************************************************************************* b66X])+4jE 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Y1 P[^ws '************************************************************************* &1p8#i eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 0v@/I< GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [\b_+s)eN ]hj1.V+ SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant j>o +}p?3I Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant X}*o[;2G VU/W~gb4"A '************************************************************************* O&,O:b:@ 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens tqQ0lv^J '************************************************************************* GVEWd/:X( eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Idlu1g GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ^@Qi&g`lr? <!9fJFE SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost M?B(<j1Ri Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost %]ayW$4 >'6GcnEb4. '************************************************************************* uit-Q5@~ 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8sIrG '************************************************************************* kP)o=\|W{z -L9R&r#_e parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -WUYE O|Ic[XfLx ' Delete any z-shift(s) @LKG\zYBu count = 0 $a\Uv0:xRx While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q.MVF] GetOperation eID, count, op yb{Q, Dz If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then R9l7CJM@ DeleteOperation eID,count ,Us2UEWNv count=count-1 HqdJdWl#" End If uXLZtfu{ count=count+1 z"K(
bw6 Wend cHL]y0> OF&h=1De, 'Set new z-shift DvX3/z#T op.Type = "ShiftZ" =u8D!AxT op.val1 = tlens *e<Eu>fW#& op.parent = parID cH;TnuX AddOperation eID, op 9>Uq$B Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens "Py Wo d>, V '************************************************************************* 90T%T2K 'Lens index of refraction FxfL+}?Q '************************************************************************* 9U)t@b eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) cVay=5]. GetModelMaterial eID, mat /u)Rppu 3u*hTT mat.Nd = nlens *sw-eyn( SetModelMaterial eID, mat x48'1&m Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens NaA+/: uyNJN '************************************************************************* 3eTrtCe$ 'Pupil diameter d;~ 3P
'************************************************************************* m1-\qt-yy eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,?k%jcR C.>
'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) o-~~,n\ <jUrE[x SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" U,<]J*b(@4 pDq#8*q+v ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ku9@&W+ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f]8!DXEA eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ] *-;' * count = 0 Xlv#=@;O] While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Ad;S=h8: GetOperation eID, count, op IyS" If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a*Ss -y DeleteOperation eID,count BR36}iS;V count=count-1 'Y!pY]Z End If WRD
A ` count=count+1 !:"-:O}>=, Wend o\ngR\> op.Type = "ShiftZ" R-pH Quu3 op.val1 = taq-0.01 '@TI48 J+ op.parent = parID qL|
5-(P AddOperation eID, op JI"/N`-?;b ~uI**{ Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam tAqA^f*{ #JA}LA"l 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description zF5q=9 4$ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) c>ad0xce6 GetEntity eID, entity )O3jQ_q= entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" y" ^yYO SetEntity eID, entity J&eAL3"GF 99e*]')A% Update bj@xqAGl Print "DONE!" 4xm&pQo{V6 5YiZ-CQ> End Sub dv;9QCc' 6eQsoKK 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: XRa(sXA3 D_d|=i Accommodation = 4 Diopters #{!O,`qD Pupil Diameter = 4 mm eZg$AOpU Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 BhKO_wQ?:J Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ~,ynJ]_aJB Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 2;G98H Set lens thickness = 3.927 <cYp~e%xIw Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Wo{K} Set pupil diameter = 4 U98_M)-%& DONE!
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