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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 @0 x   
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ,o0Kevz  
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模型 4o ";p}[b  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 .nNZ dta&=  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. [+l6x1Am  
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光源 rtbV*@Z  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 6WIs*$T2*  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 @vib54G  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 yJ ]Va $M  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 _<F;&(o  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 O0 Uh  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 bZAL~z+ V  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ypGt6t(;  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 ]xoG{%vgb  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Zo^]y'  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Wb cm1I)  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 nN-S5?X#  
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分析 u8%X~K\  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 o[WDPIG  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 GP %hf{  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. T2.[iD!A  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY [.Kp/,JY  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION liLhvcd  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 6@8z3JW.A  
    Dim A As Double ; Ad5Jk  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double nu~]9~)I  
    Dim eID As Long |S |'o*u  
    Dim parID As Long S++~w9}  
    Dim count As Integer O1t$]k:  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 1(:!6PY  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double mK"s*tD  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double {i8 zM6eC  
    Dim ok As Long gJrWewEe  
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    Sub Main K r|.I2?"  
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        '用户输入对话框 0jjtx'F  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 bJD$!*r\%!  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 d(ypFd9z  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 3/Z>W|w#w  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 w7Y@wa!  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 udLIAV*  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 pPo xx"y  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 -]D/8,|s  
        End Dialog sO 6=w%l^  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 8,!Oup  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 9`Fw}yAt  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed NY^0$h  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ^IIy>  
            End #eJ<fU6Da  
        End If 1TGRIe)  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty +FqE fY4j  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then p e+h8  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 7dACbqba  
        Else 3+h3?  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) $$&.}}.,  
        End If ,%l}TSs  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then }$L63;/H  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter vI5lp5( -3  
        Else X|eZpIA45  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) )rG4Nga5}  
        End If Cgh84 2%  
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        Print " " x4H#8ZK!  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ja';NIO-  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ` K {k0_{  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation IY#:v%U  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 'D ?o^  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^9q#,6  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens '=fk;AiQ  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Xzf,S;XV~  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens .)!QsBU  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ty0P9.Q  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 4<F z![>  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation vb6EO[e% I  
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        '************************************************************************* #T^2=7 w  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Q,xL8i M,  
        '************************************************************************* Wa<<"x$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f;zNNx< ;  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ~,HFd`  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) v CaN[  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 'YNdrvz  
        count = 0 +ZOiL[rS  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count IL %]4,  
            GetOperation eID, count, op X&qx4 DL  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1I9v`eT4  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ]zSFX =~(S  
                count=count-1  XTJD>  
            End If e}e8WR=B  
            count=count+1 == 5F[UX  
        Wend *n? 1C"l  
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        'Set new shift in XZM3zlg*  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" FI$:R  
        op.val1 = taq :;7I_tb  
        op.parent = parID lZ\8W^  
        AddOperation eID, op 5XZ! yYB?  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 (G>[A}-  
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        '************************************************************************* `um,S  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens a[O6xA%  
        '************************************************************************* YZBh}l6t  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 37/n"\4  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -Ks>s  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant &[.`xZ(|  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant I9*cEZ!l=e  
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        '************************************************************************* "#j}F u_!  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens fe?Z33V  
        '************************************************************************* 5~JT*Ny  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) (CmK> "C+  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ATNOb  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost +T+@g8S  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost %t9C  
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        '************************************************************************* Ma[EgG  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) x%G3L\ 5  
        '************************************************************************* B[t^u\Fk  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9)q3cjP{<  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) ):D"L C  
        count = 0 i--t ?@#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |"3<\$[  
            GetOperation eID, count, op \c=I!<9  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ux [<g%F"  
                DeleteOperation eID,count l90mM'[  
                count=count-1 ETe4I`d{  
            End If k9^Hmhjw  
            count=count+1 +&Ld` d!n  
        Wend A=Wg0eYy\  
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        'Set new z-shift XIeLu"TSL  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" n|SV)92o1  
        op.val1 = tlens (yOkf-e2y  
        op.parent = parID <uH8Fivb  
        AddOperation eID, op z^gJy,T  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 0B NLTRv  
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        '************************************************************************* *eVq(R9?T  
        'Lens index of refraction X%1TsCKMj  
        '************************************************************************* `@]s[1?f  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) [I $+wWW_  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat RpHlq  
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        mat.Nd = nlens "/#JC} ]  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat lfGyK4:  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens gV_/t+jI  
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        '************************************************************************* 'Ts:.  
        'Pupil diameter Hd|l6/[xz  
        '************************************************************************* L[` l80  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) yzA05npTl  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) h~MV=7 lE  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" nR!e(  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens <#63tN9  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \INH[X#>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) v\0G`&^1  
        count = 0 ,g`%+s7u  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~}/Dl#9R!  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ,b+NhxdZ  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E-MPFL  
                DeleteOperation eID,count B~Q-V&@o  
                count=count-1 /'O8RUjN  
            End If TBhM^\z  
            count=count+1 Tt[zSlIMx  
        Wend [\uR3$j#  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" $6QIYF""  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 <_tmkLeZf  
        op.parent = parID cw;wv+|k  
        AddOperation eID, op o<2GtF1"o  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam A 5?"  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Nz{dnV{&x;  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) aD/Rr3v>  
        GetEntity eID, entity ^\)a[OWp  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" &{iC:zp  
        SetEntity eID, entity UNI< r  
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        Update ~m%[d. }e  
        Print "DONE!" eh# 37*-  
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    End Sub l}{{7~C`  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: e4X df>B  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters vccWe7rh  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm I8*VM3  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 G#iQX`  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 D+8d^-:  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ]{-.?W*$  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 tz1@s nes  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 fBO/0uW  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 MsB >3  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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