| infotek |
2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介
[,7-w VN|G5* 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 #\b ;2> Xu]h$%W 模型 +Jw{qQR/* kME^tpji 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 *-z4 <LAa Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] =x4a~=HX 2Guvze_bU 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. :Y.e[@!1x a%n'%*0 光源 >-<F) G^KC&
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 5+y`P$K@ n#>5?W [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 G7Ny"{Z 0#`)Prop6 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 Qu}N:P9l?X #NJ<[Gew 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ?waebuj> [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 6h@+?{F. [0op)Kn [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 #7C6yXb% ^f0(aYWx 视网膜的散射 .D3`'K3t{[ Oo/8Y
E@ 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 O9;dd
yx _Y7:!-n} [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 S~|tfJpL !=knppY 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 t[ q3{- Wbd_aR
( [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 &[)D]UL IdmD.k0pJ 脚本 P,`=]Y* Cn/q= 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: U2=hSzY [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 i]@c.QiFN [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 C,3T!\ 6>lW5U^yA\ 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 :W%4*-FP 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 lux9o$ % iW-t}}Z>B 分析 >E~~7Yal ]eD [4Y\#t 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 )=Y-f?o! [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 O E]~@eU e~*S4dKR 脚本代码 AD,@,|A ZgK@Fl*k
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. R1~7F{FW
T5V$wmB\W Dim entity As T_ENTITY g.=!3e&z% Dim op As T_OPERATION eoJFh Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL hN}5u"pS Dim A As Double Mi;Tn;3er Dim pupilDiam As Double >7W"giWP Dim eID As Long ~(M*6b Dim parID As Long 78gob&p? Dim count As Integer -/1d& Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double )biX8yqhR Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double fA;x{0CAMX Dim curv As Double, conic As Double np= J:v4 Dim ok As Long bf{Ep=- )y5iH){! Sub Main J (=4 cx<h_ '用户输入对话框 `dP? 2-Z Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 QZz&1n TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 3!1&DII4 Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 cFe V?a OKButton 40,91,90,21 qP@L(_=g CancelButton 190,91,90,21 QK,=5~I J Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Jr|K> TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 "rL"K End Dialog e-1;dX HL Dim dlg As UserDialog z)r8?9u OrzM
hQaf ok = Dialog (dlg) EwC5[bRjUp P:jDB{ If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed hLCsQYNDU Print "Execution cancelled." % 1OC#& End aS2a_!f End If 1fmSk$ y.9 5Gc_LI&v7 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty g6HphRJ5s If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 5^bh.uF A = 0 'Default accommodation 3#7ENV` Else wbn^R' A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 9T?~$XlX End If %-T}s`Z 9@JlaY)0 If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then I=Gr^\x= pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter @#'yPV1 Else 3}v0{c pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) tvGg@Xs\ End If 721{Ga4~S p`shYyE Print " " HCI'q\\ Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" mrw]yu;2<n Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" |k/`WC6As. R?1idl) ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ~NTDG taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness $1:}(nO, : Bdi pc Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens BXagSenc CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens qiF@7i 7Y$4MMNQ Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens N[- %0 CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens *##QXyyg yBUZVqqDa tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness ahK?]:&QO Gsx^j? nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction hpd(d$j Yg\{S<wr 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation V'Sd[* S,ouj;B '************************************************************************* ~N)( ^ 4 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) &;SwLDF"1 '************************************************************************* n23%[#,r eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) H5F\-&cq GetCustomElement eID, entity cKvAR5| 0:7v/S!: parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) )&b}^1 kMfc"JXF ' Delete any shift(s) in z 'qD'PLV count = 0 ^+.+IcH While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `2
%eDFZ GetOperation eID, count, op ^VM"!O;h{ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then llTQ\7zP DeleteOperation eID,count VuJfo9 `E count=count-1 E< io^ End If 0{^l2?mgSb count=count+1 <=5,(a5g Wend E.zYi7YUKK K#m\qitb 'Set new shift in n',9#I(!L op.Type = "ShiftZ" {Oc?C:aI= op.val1 = taq 8M".o n op.parent = parID +Tgy,oD0 AddOperation eID, op #'G7mAoA Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 *Dd(+NI [FeJ8P>z '************************************************************************* ArEH%e 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens X$j|/)) '************************************************************************* ZYl-p]\*y eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Sh~ 8jEk GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic luG023' /:*R -VdF SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant N>F2
c)rm Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant h^[ppc{Z ]XpU'/h>q; '************************************************************************* 5W:Gl?$S} 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 3Aqe;Wf9%+ '************************************************************************* Ca`/ t8= eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #V(Hk ) GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic fed[^wW N~Sue SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost #C=L^cSx( Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost E:dT_x<Y O) =73e\ '************************************************************************* lhIr]'?l 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) }{w_>!ee '************************************************************************* pO 7{3% bCY^.S- parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2\iD;Z#gM Xx9~ ' Delete any z-shift(s) Ekg N6S`} count = 0 Rm[rQ}: While GetOperationCount(eID)>count n_!]B_Vd$ GetOperation eID, count, op wzLiVe- If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~;O=
7 DeleteOperation eID,count k{u%p < count=count-1 Vqv2F @. End If [<3Q$*Ew count=count+1 no\}aTx Wend -c<1H)W t6,M 'Set new z-shift NNREt:+kr
op.Type = "ShiftZ" /S=;DxZ,r op.val1 = tlens NGb!7Mu9 op.parent = parID ]=
QCCC AddOperation eID, op WSpg(\Cs Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens _
/28Cw ~:RDw<PWp '************************************************************************* o`y*yucHI 'Lens index of refraction +D{*L0$D" '************************************************************************* [2H(yLw O eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :0TSOT9. GetModelMaterial eID, mat mGyIr kE Lh9>8@ jf
mat.Nd = nlens scPq\Qd?O SetModelMaterial eID, mat S;AnpiBM8 Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 2zr WR%B /xm} ?t0U '************************************************************************* %N_S/V0` 'Pupil diameter }RP 9%n^ '************************************************************************* ?\p%Mx? eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 0.+Z;j $nd-[xV 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) wGQ hr=" B6!<@*BI SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" |~"A:gf u>i+R"hi" ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens '>WuukC parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0f#a_ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) jiB>.te count = 0 (9[C0e S While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :M?') GetOperation eID, count, op Y|N vBr If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then i\R\bv[9 DeleteOperation eID,count 2.L6]^N p( count=count-1 63dtO{:4 End If yW=hnV{ count=count+1 6_}){ZR Wend ~aq?Kk op.Type = "ShiftZ" CH_Dat> op.val1 = taq-0.01 Z$=$oJzB op.parent = parID IOES3 AddOperation eID, op ,["|wqM cS ;=_%~ Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ' ^L D30Z9_^%: 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description u9~V2>r\ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) U!UX"r GetEntity eID, entity H=SMDj)s+ entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" VS@W.0/ SetEntity eID, entity 3/|{>7]1 X|lmH{kf Update (a4y1k t- Print "DONE!" %|6Q7'@p DdZ_2B2 End Sub Fu$Gl$qV?% hD.wKX?oO 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: L5|;VH 27i<6PAC[A Accommodation = 4 Diopters f7AJSHe Pupil Diameter = 4 mm `0vy+T5 Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ,7$uh): Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Nm :lC%>X Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 EjCzou Set lens thickness = 3.927 Hw. @Le> Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 <+JFal Set pupil diameter = 4 0+`*8G) DONE!
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