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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 .i[rd4MCK [5
Mt,skC: 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 6/`$Y!.ub x8i;uH\8 模型 0 1U/{D6D kwRXNE(k]_ 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 }gQ FWT Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] Z?k4Kb $]IX11.m 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. vzl+0" %n-:mSus 光源 MP/6AAt7=| =e'b*KTL, 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 M{gtu'. 1&A@Zo5| [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 vL"U=Q+/eY mM.-MIp 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 x/*ndH gqR?hZD 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 &z[39Q{~ [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 l:v:f@M& [t@ [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 .v<c_~y Kbjt CI7 视网膜的散射 <}S1ZEZcQ &{${ Fq 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 b0
))->&2 _:ypPRJ [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 xQV5-VoFC 9U1cH qV 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 d#yb($HAJ ZS51QB [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 C2RR(n=N^ 2_@vSwC 脚本 J
[}8&sn .a._WZF 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: X]6Hgz66 [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 e%#(:L [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 ?n o.hf :#8#tLv 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 vJ96qX 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ['%]tWT9 2Cd#~ 分析 &6%%_Lw$ 6.? Ke8iC 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 L}O_1+b [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 49b#$Xq My'u('Q% 脚本代码 .>z)6S_G D 3m4:z
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. o.yuz+
]jNv}{ Dim entity As T_ENTITY ,-7w\%* Dim op As T_OPERATION eqz#KN`n# Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 7FL!([S5i Dim A As Double s5? 1w Dim pupilDiam As Double PLDg'4DMg Dim eID As Long j:'sbU Dim parID As Long SP][xdN7 Dim count As Integer f\CJ |tKX Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double F9rxm Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double rlSar$ Dim curv As Double, conic As Double #({0HFSC:j Dim ok As Long ((i%h^tGa; 8[ Sub Main wi'CBfr'z ! 6yoD '用户输入对话框 $j61IL3+ Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 X
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tN TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 >`Xikn( Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 94bmKV_ OKButton 40,91,90,21 >Micc CancelButton 190,91,90,21 'TWZ@8h~ Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 EA.4m3 TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 0k"n;:KM8 End Dialog KF^5 C Dim dlg As UserDialog >-EJLa !1
:%!7 ok = Dialog (dlg) +3]1AJa eZes) &4 If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed Db"jzMW. Print "Execution cancelled." 8Jnb/A} End x6Q,$B End If (>O'^W\3p yhzC 9nTH 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty &''lOS| If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ;.$AhjqiP A = 0 'Default accommodation N y_d Else ~DYUI#x A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) b1An2e[ End If \;&WF1d`ac lYz{#UX} If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then om6'%nXhn pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter iTTUyftHT Else %JUD54bBt pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) !S6zC > End If t>nx#ErS >bQ'*! Print " " X@l>mAk Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Q<4Sd:P`" Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" fTb&k;'LR< P)7:G?OTx ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation $oF0[ }S taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness X2CpA;#;7l cJ[gCS Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens h-)tWJ c CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens WI@l2`X v|DgRPY Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens tzH~[n, CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens l/WQqT 44e:K5;]7 tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness hnOo T? V b;kgP`%% nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction D(bQFRBY6" Ife/:v 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation {'O,G$Ldkr Y.>F fL '************************************************************************* |HT5G=dw 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) e`]x?t<U4/ '************************************************************************* pZeJ$3@vk eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) @\ udaZc GetCustomElement eID, entity JDbRv'F:( ~w
Ekbq= parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4MM /i} Fa]|Y ' Delete any shift(s) in z b!lS=zIN count = 0 '! \t!@I$ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count sVT:1 kI GetOperation eID, count, op 4%refqWK If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4$~A%JN3 DeleteOperation eID,count c&>S count=count-1 %s&"gWi End If )4O>V?B count=count+1 T?lp:~d Wend ;RR\ Hwix Vt4KG+zm 'Set new shift in }BFX7X op.Type = "ShiftZ" luvxwved op.val1 = taq l% \p op.parent = parID 2!kb? AddOperation eID, op b8FSVV
7@ Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 J 2H$ALl 8'<RPU}M '************************************************************************* AHB_[i'>7 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens y=HM]EH> '************************************************************************* ]a=n(`l? eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) O su 75@3 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #[odjSb E'g?44vyw SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant _keI0ML-# Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant #MyF 1E zg}#X6\G<_ '************************************************************************* u.yjk/jF 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Pt=@U: '************************************************************************* +,q#'wSQG eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) &P pb2 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic qu`F,OG ;owU]Xk%8K SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost "wi}/,) Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost zE8qU; ;;>G}pG '************************************************************************* [wkSY>Gu 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) z(dDX%k@ '************************************************************************* <lN=<9 k*u4N parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f^]^IXzXw. Xh?J"kjof ' Delete any z-shift(s) "2_nN]%u- count = 0 k*ZYT6Z? While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0Qr|!B:+9) GetOperation eID, count, op a/Ik^:>m If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then AMe_D DeleteOperation eID,count pY$DOr-r` count=count-1 &=[N{N?( End If |Duf
3u count=count+1 fn3DoD+I Wend JWsOze8# 3kW%,d*_ 'Set new z-shift BJP^?FUd=, op.Type = "ShiftZ" undH{w= op.val1 = tlens t~V?p'a0ys op.parent = parID CyKupJ.Fq AddOperation eID, op N"Cd{3 Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens SU7 erCHX s*tzU.E( '************************************************************************* 0?w4 'Lens index of refraction ekPn`U '************************************************************************* H=@S+4_bK eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) T]lVwj GetModelMaterial eID, mat z)fg>?AGr 8,&pX ga mat.Nd = nlens -~TgA*_5] SetModelMaterial eID, mat 83pXj=k< Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens w)<h$<tU ]]6 '************************************************************************* '/GZ/$a_l 'Pupil diameter gE$@:j '************************************************************************* *n*po.Xr eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) O[5u6heNMr 115zvW 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) yIf>8ed]# vq8&IL SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" V_P,~! -!-1X7v|Fp ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens v"V? parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4>Y\Y$3 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) x}7` Q:k= count = 0 *3h!&.zm While GetOperationCount(eID)>count s}Q*zy GetOperation eID, count, op Ixr#zt$T-G If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =P`l+k3 DeleteOperation eID,count e$4$G<8;y count=count-1 qVr?st End If (R^Ca7F count=count+1 HyJ&;4rf Wend Y/`*t(/5 op.Type = "ShiftZ" Vbp`Rm1? op.val1 = taq-0.01 _Bq [c op.parent = parID U,tWLX$@ AddOperation eID, op X@^"@ }^Ky)** Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ;2Za]%' A>Xt 5vk+ 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description i1-wzI
eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) C^9bur/ GetEntity eID, entity oWcBQ| entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ]7
2wv#- SetEntity eID, entity )kt,E}609 l3;MjNB^V Update }NF7"tOL Print "DONE!" ]V.0%Ccw;. >@i{8AD End Sub #]e](j>] J/ZC<dkYQ 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: hG
qZB [a\>"I\[ Accommodation = 4 Diopters #_4JTGJ Pupil Diameter = 4 mm |<w
Z;d Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 3PRK.vf Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 IWP[?U= Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 '`/w%OEVC5 Set lens thickness = 3.927 L7 g4' Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 PtT$#>hx] Set pupil diameter = 4 cP&XkAQ DONE!
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