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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 Ml +f3#HP  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 *0'{ n*>  
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模型 +l7Bu}_?  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Gt!Hm(  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. }JT&lyO< b  
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光源 f\~w!-  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 v57Kr ,  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 )S_ %Ip  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 \D[~54  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 z:{R4#(Q  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 SC2g5i`  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 2b :I .  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 2Ju,P_<dt  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 3v<9 Z9O  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: [@s5v  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 HMR!XF&JjC  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 @jD19=  
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分析 v/wR) 9  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ]m^ECA$  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 z7lbb*Xe  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. VU|Cct&)  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY %M05& <  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION N{zou?+  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Aj=c,]2  
    Dim A As Double /M_kJe,%  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double C6b(\#g(  
    Dim eID As Long fP1fm  
    Dim parID As Long {*4Z9.2c*  
    Dim count As Integer RjX#pb  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double dtq]_HvTJ  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double T}A{Xu*:+H  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ;4]l P  
    Dim ok As Long  eYRm:KC  
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    Sub Main 885 ,3AdA  
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        '用户输入对话框 N&lKo}hk  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 p&;,$KDA  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 h'G8@j;  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 q0 8  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 SkA"MhX  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 fBt7#Tc=U  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 GpM_ Qp  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 T k4"qGC.  
        End Dialog zX/9^+p:  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ]dIr;x`  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) o>Z+=&BZ@a  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ^zaN?0%S33  
            Print "Execution cancelled." bpe WK&  
            End _26F[R1><~  
        End If U z6XQskX  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty GQ9g$&T  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then U=bZy,FT$  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation l=JK+uZ  
        Else (wIpq<%  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) [VP ~~*b  
        End If ffYiu4$m  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then #65Uei|F`+  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter mWM!6"  
        Else 5ERycC y  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0qV!-i  
        End If +<H)DPG<  
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        Print " "  `#lNur\x  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 4<&`\<jZ  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" : LI*#~'Ka  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation s0"1W"7vh  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ?o9g5Z  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens VscEdtkd  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ,#r>#fi0  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 5A6d]  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens OPwj*b:-m  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness x*[\$E`v  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction "tbKKh66  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation eJ#q! <   
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        '************************************************************************* Dw^d!%Ala  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) :WT O*M  
        '************************************************************************* iVt6rX  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 1G+42>?<1  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ,m:YZ;J(Xd  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Kuy,qZv!"  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z yla&/K;|*  
        count = 0 8hi|F\$_h  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g#1_`gK  
            GetOperation eID, count, op (AdQ6eGMb  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kQ~*iY  
                DeleteOperation eID,count `Q*L!/K+  
                count=count-1 ".eD&oX{  
            End If ,.uPlnB_  
            count=count+1 V 3-5:z  
        Wend /4]M*ls  
    : \w\K:  
        'Set new shift in 'tp1|n/1  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" :0j9  
        op.val1 = taq 9Ay*'   
        op.parent = parID ayuj)]b  
        AddOperation eID, op `Xnu("w)  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 )G0a72  
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        '************************************************************************* Cw`v\ 9  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -U(T  
        '************************************************************************* &CFHH"OsT  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) }r6SV%]:  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic % ^g BDlR^  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant INsc!xOQ  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant }.O2xZ;}]'  
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        '************************************************************************* [Zk|s9  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens !L+*.k:  
        '************************************************************************* 2![.Kbqa%  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) )%U&z>^P  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic AxUj CerNf  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost %< JjftNQ  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 67Z|=B !7  
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        '************************************************************************* EUU9JnQhBJ  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ._"U{ f2V  
        '************************************************************************* TGGeTtk=  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) LZV  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) k`6T% [D]  
        count = 0 ^$Dpdz I  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l)fF)\|;=  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ^_r8R__S:  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then dy;Ue5  
                DeleteOperation eID,count b&B<'Wb  
                count=count-1  z@^l1)m  
            End If cOth q87:  
            count=count+1 i=@.u=:  
        Wend &96I4su  
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        'Set new z-shift sXkWs2!  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" mF [w-<:.d  
        op.val1 = tlens z,[4 BM  
        op.parent = parID gR"'|c   
        AddOperation eID, op J{Ei+@^/9  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens s={AdQ  
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        '************************************************************************* (Sr&Y1D  
        'Lens index of refraction qi_[@da f?  
        '************************************************************************* ~xpU<Pd*  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 8P0XY S@  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat *r$Yv&c,  
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        mat.Nd = nlens Z!60n{T79c  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat snO d 3Bw  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens k:Sxs+)?1  
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        '************************************************************************* NduvfA4  
        'Pupil diameter sH(4.36+  
        '************************************************************************* |\%[e@u  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) B1 oi]hDy  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) T>e!DOW;  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" o {Sc  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens N%%2!Z#  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?Ko)AP  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) S)of.Nq.;  
        count = 0 d76k1-m\o  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Ol6jx%Je`  
            GetOperation eID, count, op H%> E6rVB  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then M.))UKSF  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ^&buX_nlO  
                count=count-1 %>Z^BM<e  
            End If Ikql  
            count=count+1 im|( 4 f  
        Wend M?Tb9c?`  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 0m7ANqE[Z  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 &[$qA  
        op.parent = parID 2W:R{dHE  
        AddOperation eID, op kg?[   
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 2jV.\C k  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description q`_d>l  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) L|.q19b*  
        GetEntity eID, entity A(G%9'T  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ?TA%P6Lw  
        SetEntity eID, entity 9J h"1i>x2  
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        Update A&X(\c M  
        Print "DONE!" 8\HL8^6c5  
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    End Sub H6%QM}t  
    'QW/TJ=7r  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: IV*@}~BJ  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters `!WtKqr%B  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm P,U$ X+  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 BH6)`0&2*N  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 |& OW_*l  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 2u9O+]EP  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 7Mq4$|qhD  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 &J(+XJM%  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 XCr\Y`,Z@  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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