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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 }tu C}  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 uMv,zO5  
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模型 O\tb R=  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 M0"_^?  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. RBd7YWo\|j  
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光源 VGN5<?PrN  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 W*:.Gxv]  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 gVuFHHeUz  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 t}4, ]m s  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 {S \{Ii6  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 7A7?GDW  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 372rbY  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 r5/0u(\LB  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 6MW{,N  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: J;e2&gB  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 z<;HQX,  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 j$:~Rek  
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分析 $%Kf q[Q  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 e *C(q~PQ  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 '<<t]kK[N  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. jr. "I+  
    'H!Uh]!  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY am'7uy!ka~  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION /~?*=}c^m  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL )akoa,#%6c  
    Dim A As Double m(!FHPvN  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double j^JPZ{ej ?  
    Dim eID As Long t*u:hex  
    Dim parID As Long * u>\57W  
    Dim count As Integer \8cx6 G'  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double AkV#J, 3LC  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double vE?G7%,  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double >GRxHK@G  
    Dim ok As Long 6{b >p+U  
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    Sub Main `^&OF u ee  
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        '用户输入对话框 Y3b *a".X  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @9s$4DS  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 D,feF9  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 7:1Lol-V  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 jL luj   
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 HZge!Yp<  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 R m( "=(  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 &8lZNv8;(p  
        End Dialog l_p2Riv  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog i_%_x*  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) rILYI;'o  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 02^rV*re  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 4r}51 N\  
            End (9a^$C*  
        End If @ 6vIap|  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty {IjR^J=k  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then PW0LG^xp`  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation !a\^Sk /  
        Else 2,b$7xaf  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) B+`g> h  
        End If 6gDN`e,@  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then h*\%vr  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Pq$n5fZC !  
        Else jP.dDYc  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) "tK=+f`NM  
        End If %|oym.-I6  
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        Print " " ~} ~4  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" P%n>Tg80M  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" $`8wJf9@w  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation LghfM"g  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness %hP^%'G  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens fz_r7?  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens o8MZiU1Xf  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens UiNP3TJ'L  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens :`sUt1Fw.  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness lOp`m8_=  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction uY*L,j^)  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation WIGi51yC.x  
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        '************************************************************************* #dHa,HUk  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) eMzk3eOJ  
        '************************************************************************* !,PWb3S  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) XWw804ir  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity n6 v6K1  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %so]L+r2!  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z mE[y SrV  
        count = 0 O/LXdz0B  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eS! /(#T  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ssL\g`xe  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then : Dp0?&_  
                DeleteOperation eID,count w-jVC^C]  
                count=count-1 [F7hu7zY8  
            End If Ys7]B9/1O  
            count=count+1 ?7A>+EY  
        Wend X>^fEQq"  
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        'Set new shift in 2 E= L8<  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 4M T 7`sr  
        op.val1 = taq /wv0i3_e  
        op.parent = parID 7 8,n%=nG  
        AddOperation eID, op gG uO  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 jiGTA:v  
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        '************************************************************************* /{2,zW  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens OTv)  
        '************************************************************************* JGZBL{8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) zm#  ?W  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic SrJE_~i  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant /_.|E]  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <ZW-QN4  
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        '************************************************************************* *^r}"in  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens }B^tL$k  
        '************************************************************************* |BYRe1l6l  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @9:uqsL  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic O&&~NXI\  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost y>LBl]  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost =|9!vzG4  
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        '************************************************************************* F[MFx^sT{  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) YZ7.1`8  
        '************************************************************************* #;S*V"  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ABkl%m6xf  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) _Ey5n!0:  
        count = 0 [B3RfCV{  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^sZ,2,^  
            GetOperation eID, count, op [Qr"cR^  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,,TnIouy  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 31)&vf[[  
                count=count-1 JS77M-Ac  
            End If t,' <gI  
            count=count+1 TZ`SZDc7_  
        Wend JI5Dy>u:  
    s^SJY{  
        'Set new z-shift pot~<d`:K"  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" (.,G=\!  
        op.val1 = tlens `X8F`5&U\f  
        op.parent = parID w =KPT''!  
        AddOperation eID, op mc3"`+o  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 4P0}+  
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        '************************************************************************* 2pAW9R#UV-  
        'Lens index of refraction W!<U85-#S  
        '************************************************************************* PW4q~rc=:  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ;d?R:Uw8  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat G&dKY h\  
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        mat.Nd = nlens H.0K?N&\?>  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ?# fQ~ s  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens n:X y6H  
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        '************************************************************************* cnLro  
        'Pupil diameter oU/5 a>9~  
        '************************************************************************* tVjsRnb{  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) d'2A,B~_*  
    (w{j6).3Dj  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) YK\X+"lB  
    qWw=8Bq  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" wS*E(IAl  
    p#Bi>/C6  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens OKV8zO  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;\]@K6m/Ap  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #1[u (<AS  
        count = 0 Je{ykL?N  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q:(%*sY>  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 4m)n+ll  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W4N{S.#!  
                DeleteOperation eID,count u&NV,6Fj2[  
                count=count-1 B1STGL`nK  
            End If h\e.e3/  
            count=count+1 $u.z*b_yy  
        Wend 1"g<0 W  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" iB{V^ksU  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 AR=]=8  
        op.parent = parID $C\BcKlmv  
        AddOperation eID, op ZW}_DT0  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ys~x $  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description +0~YP*I`/  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) HhpDR  
        GetEntity eID, entity JO;Uus{?  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" /NlGFO*Z  
        SetEntity eID, entity /\Ef%@  
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        Update $k?>DP 4  
        Print "DONE!" ,'+kBZOv  
    ]A"h&`Cvt  
    End Sub G#CXs:1pd+  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: *Uh!>Iv;  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters G"6 !{4g  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm zTp"AuNHN  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 /,dz@   
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 +%&yJ4-  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 yr6V3],Tp  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 <[phnU^ 8  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 %$I;{-LD  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 [ }:$yg  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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