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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 !m(L0YH  
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模型 vN:[  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 x }'4^Cv  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. uhB!k-ir  
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光源 @jSbMI  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 PMhhPw]  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 +'KE T,  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 e>9Z:vY  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 : 5<9/  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 "C.7;Rvkp>  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 igB rmaY'  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ct4 [b|  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 xVkTRCh  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: q7f;ZK=f  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 gZlw  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 R G0S  
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分析 Kka8cG  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 >$naTSJq  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 ^+%tlX_+.  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Yi&-m}  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY QGr\I/Y  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION u-QO>3oY6  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL !ASoXQRz  
    Dim A As Double UiR,^/8ED  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ,<$YVXe/  
    Dim eID As Long wD6!#t k  
    Dim parID As Long _2m[(P9d  
    Dim count As Integer uKbHFF  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double w}j6 .r  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double k%]DT.cE  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double &{zwM |Q@?  
    Dim ok As Long J 0Hm)*  
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    Sub Main Z .bit_(  
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        '用户输入对话框 f2 ydL/M,  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 "*w)puD  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 _,_8X7  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ', sQ/#S  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 t=Z&eKDC  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 >+:r '  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 }PI35i1!t  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 9fP) Fwih  
        End Dialog ]-um\A4f  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog *D?((_+  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) \P l,' 1%  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed /M^V 2=  
            Print "Execution cancelled." D3S+LV  
            End z;dcAdz9  
        End If fJLf7+q  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Vk-W8[W 7  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then I9}+(6  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation "xvtqi,R  
        Else ;TL(w7vK  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ORowx,(hX  
        End If A&<?   
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ytjK++(T5  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter v"u7~Dw# 1  
        Else 3ppuQ Q  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) :E>&s9Yj?  
        End If ,IIZ Xl@  
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        Print " " Abj97S  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 2GSgG.%SSM  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ?"{QK:`  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation - <J q  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness j%pCuC&"  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens S8O)/Sg=  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens =~J"kC  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens =G( *gx  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens $^}[g9]1  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness r4E`'o[  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction * [tc  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation i{8]'fM  
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        '************************************************************************* uie~'K\y  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 8N% z9b  
        '************************************************************************* R'zu"I  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) U,PZMz`2j  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity "2a$1Wmj(  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9#uIC7M  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z q(IZJGb  
        count = 0 );nz4/V  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count AHwG<k  
            GetOperation eID, count, op .eo~?u<j&  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then QU.0Elw  
                DeleteOperation eID,count #+9rjq:v#]  
                count=count-1 %JQ~!3  
            End If wa!zv^;N*  
            count=count+1 wX ,h< \7  
        Wend -I ?z-?<D  
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        'Set new shift in dIk' pA^d  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Z==!C=SBv  
        op.val1 = taq Hle\ON  
        op.parent = parID MM#i t=u  
        AddOperation eID, op jyi FM5&  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 e 8,{|a  
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        '************************************************************************* il12T`a  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens !tU'J"Zy  
        '************************************************************************* ;o[rQ6+  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) OUzR@$  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic bpW!iY/q3  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant )CLf;@1  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 86%%n?"}  
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        '*************************************************************************  `?|Rc  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens >SoO4i8  
        '************************************************************************* ~^&R#4J  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) $Jp~\_X  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :&qhJtGo  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost yHNuU)Ft  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost O$qtq(Q%  
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        '************************************************************************* R,F gl2  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ([R")~`(l2  
        '************************************************************************* _A{+H^,  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) vT c7an6fy  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) -#.< 12M  
        count = 0 oQT2S>cm^  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (wuaxo:  
            GetOperation eID, count, op o0ZBi|U\4  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then bO3GVc+S  
                DeleteOperation eID,count LL(|$}yW  
                count=count-1 7+nm31,<O  
            End If 2.-o@im0  
            count=count+1 -\#lF?fzb  
        Wend L0Y0&;y|R  
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        'Set new z-shift E!J=8C.:  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" [A5W+pDm  
        op.val1 = tlens kz B\'m,l  
        op.parent = parID m\ S\3n  
        AddOperation eID, op 7Xg?U'X  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens M;jcUX_{  
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        '************************************************************************* *geN [ [  
        'Lens index of refraction 5u$D/* Eb  
        '************************************************************************* z.oU4c  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) V`#.7uUP  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat HYCuK48F[_  
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        mat.Nd = nlens 8(f:U@BS  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat [AS}RV  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens NHm]`R,  
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        '************************************************************************* !GwL,)0@^  
        'Pupil diameter ]< XR]FHx)  
        '************************************************************************* Xg7|JS!  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 0uvzxmN  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) &GhPvrxI?  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" a.2L*>p  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ,q#0hy%5/  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {X~ gwoz  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) W*N$'%  
        count = 0 t2>fmQIQ  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count a5jL7a?6]  
            GetOperation eID, count, op <S?#@F\"S  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "V& I^YSc>  
                DeleteOperation eID,count p H@]Y+W  
                count=count-1 lDxc`S  
            End If ;# uZhd  
            count=count+1 U{@5*4  
        Wend aEt/NwgiQ  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" aUU7{o_Z  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 lIRlMLuG  
        op.parent = parID p-GAe,2q  
        AddOperation eID, op )e|=mtp  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam vBcq_sbo  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 9(4&KZpK  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $za8"T*I  
        GetEntity eID, entity d5`3wd]]'v  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" f+_h !j  
        SetEntity eID, entity FRu]kZv2  
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        Update ` Ag{)  
        Print "DONE!" 7!WA)@6  
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    End Sub )3Z ^h<"j  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: aJ") <_+  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters @a:>$t  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 6 5N~0t  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Gs+3e8  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 )G^ KDj"  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 o%9*B%HO/  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 L>y J  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 PYbVy<xc  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Q/>{f0  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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