| infotek |
2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 s
S5fd)x rS )b1nPA 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 pp]_/46nN b"M`@';+ 模型 7grt4k r1ok u0 o 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 b"nG-0JR Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] .S!>9X,
Pc)VK>.fc 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. $iqi:vY BKQIo)g.G 光源 *SkiFEoD ZSPgci 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 (+UmUx= oY%"2PW1B [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 n<?SZ^X{,/ }B"|z'u 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 tyuk{*Me: 3X$Q, 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 N(:nF5>_ [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 H5Ux.]y wI!
+L&Q [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 HX3D*2v": 6KEykw
j 视网膜的散射 ^p 2.UW dXiE.Si 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 EK?@Z.q+ N )zPxQ [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 v._Egk0 K[uY+!'1 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 4YDT%_h0 -J"qrpZ^ [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 w dGpt_ E+}GxFG-: 脚本 VyecTU"W q]"2hLq 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: s>jr1~~3O_ [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 E3S%s [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 -(\1r2
Y By?nd) 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 J}Qs"+x 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 =Kc|C~g ,<@,gZru 分析 L#`2.nU }_{y|NW 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 E?Zb~xk [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 {ExII<=6 t_jyyHxoZ: 脚本代码 + "cRhVR O87"[c`>
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. @B,j;2eb
oL<BLr9> Dim entity As T_ENTITY YBX)eWslK Dim op As T_OPERATION {TyCj?3 B Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL U^%9
)4bj Dim A As Double z,pNb%*O Dim pupilDiam As Double R'6@n#: Dim eID As Long -xJX _6}A Dim parID As Long wgY6D!Y Dim count As Integer _*s~`jn{H Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double tg~A}1o`0 Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Wrmgu}q Dim curv As Double, conic As Double UTZ776`S&X Dim ok As Long Q |
a9[mZVMgUK Sub Main Y!SE;N& m_a^RB( '用户输入对话框 XZ.7c{B< Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 C<_Urnmn TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 JXH",""bq Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 @-0Fe9 n= OKButton 40,91,90,21 k+FMZ,D| CancelButton 190,91,90,21 wGg0hL Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 =0,|/1~ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 }N?g| End Dialog qQ^d9EK'?~ Dim dlg As UserDialog yahAD.Xuo@ 6`acg'sk> ok = Dialog (dlg) jDR')ascn _B)s=Snx If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed G'u|Q
mb1 Print "Execution cancelled." k@S)j< End 8qn 9| End If Ua %UbAt %NNj9Bl<VV 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty jh[
#p?: If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then KYp[Gs A = 0 'Default accommodation nE_Cuc>K\ Else z<!O!wX_aI A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) le.anJAr End If rWA6XDM7 C,fY.CeI If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0Z"s_r}h pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter bl=ku<}@ Else vv+km + pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 2`EVdl7B] End If i0>]CJG Nb0Ik/:< Print " " '3^Q14`R Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" <:">mV+/ Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" uQnT[\k? C0QM#"[ ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation U9
#w taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness V@[rf<, [
7g>< Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens RND9D\7 CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens pr_>b`p6 X3<K 1/< Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens w9MoT.kI} CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens / 2xSNalC Nar>FR7ut tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness (-,>qMQs b?8)7.{F{ nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction +y/ 55VLq U6<M/>RG$ 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation X d3}Vn= 49AW6H.JT '************************************************************************* rh66_eV 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) +>SRrIi '************************************************************************* H]&gW/= eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) zyFUl% GetCustomElement eID, entity d1c0l{JV3
/`3#4=5- parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) xR?V,uV'$& [*Uu#9 ' Delete any shift(s) in z BJk
Z2= count = 0 I-kWS4 While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 19W:-Om GetOperation eID, count, op rQb7?O@- If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then U<^F4*G DeleteOperation eID,count "j^MB)YD count=count-1 WF[bO7: End If j/KO|iNL2 count=count+1 jo9gCP. Wend 1& ^?U{ wMWW=$h#\ 'Set new shift in P6\6?am op.Type = "ShiftZ" Yf}xwpuLk op.val1 = taq A%XX5* op.parent = parID <CZgQ\Mt AddOperation eID, op sI LSey5` Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 __Nv0Ru w!&~??&=} '************************************************************************* Z6Fp\aI8@ 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens A&"%os '************************************************************************* BUsV|e\ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) fQdK]rLj GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic tU:EN;H kXrlSaIc SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant +?dl`!rE Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant [0y$! f4 !)pdamdA '************************************************************************* Ef)yQ 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens =Vw
5q},3 '************************************************************************* t9cl"F= eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 'xE
_Cj GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic T.mmmT >V$ Gx>I SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost S/tIwG
~e3 Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost [p;E~-S X3%Ic`Lq# '************************************************************************* y3G
`> 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) T'H::^9:E '************************************************************************* SUM4Di7 t2BL(yB parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >e,mg8u6$ Wwujh2g"0| ' Delete any z-shift(s) cC'x6\a count = 0 bm% $86 While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /JkC+7H4 GetOperation eID, count, op U#&7p)4( If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tmUFT DeleteOperation eID,count !\Xm!I8 count=count-1 L+}n@B End If Qnd5X`jF# count=count+1 -E"GX Wend H1n1-!%d VVP:w%yW 'Set new z-shift ^BQrbY op.Type = "ShiftZ" 26vp1 op.val1 = tlens @&|l^ 1 op.parent = parID }a
AH AddOperation eID, op L|@y&di Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *3/T;x. a^d8I '************************************************************************* Y5ZZ3Ati 'Lens index of refraction rgmF: C '************************************************************************* 4k-+?L!/G eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) qt%D' GetModelMaterial eID, mat >9e(.6&2XZ !`41q=r mat.Nd = nlens V-'K6mn; SetModelMaterial eID, mat %wcSM~w Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens VA*y|Q6 +5VLw '************************************************************************* &`0/CV 'Pupil diameter |w aIpB( '************************************************************************* ,to+oSZE eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Urr#N GaX[C<Wt 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) s*U1 <S?ddp2 SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ]e.JNo AL#4_]m' ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens tyaA\F57 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >SPh2[f eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Z87_ #5 count = 0 M9zfT!- While GetOperationCount(eID)>count sVG(N.y GetOperation eID, count, op [kE."# If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then fd-q3_f DeleteOperation eID,count J{^RkGF count=count-1 Xp0F
[>h End If M%jPH count=count+1 V3 ~~ Wend a5a($D op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3U_2! zF3_ op.val1 = taq-0.01 Jgnhn>dHe op.parent = parID ?QE,;QtpK AddOperation eID, op lz1wO5%h t%F0:SH Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam \=_{na_ AU2i%Q! 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description J9~g|5 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) c("_bOAT GetEntity eID, entity pb~pN entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 7jdb)l\p= SetEntity eID, entity M)SEn/T- b0oMs=uBn Update zc[Si bT Print "DONE!" Ja9e^`i; \L"kV!> End Sub +SwR+H)? "I(xgx* 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: I_RsYw ,cNLkoN Accommodation = 4 Diopters h<$MyN4]g Pupil Diameter = 4 mm t. ;LnrY Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 H)n9O/u Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 8YbE`32 Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 jYKor7KTqT Set lens thickness = 3.927 E~6c -Lw Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 t<#h$}=:Vt Set pupil diameter = 4 SJHr_bawd DONE!
|
|