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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 N9`y,Cos0  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 (qNco8QKu3  
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模型 .@4QkG/  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 bMSD/L  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. l :f9Ih  
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光源 rd|@*^k  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 pA*D/P-  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 .q AQP L  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 pP?<[ql[w  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 I@8+k&nXS  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 D<+ bzC  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 g_3rEvf"4  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 WyKUvVi  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 gJWlWVeq$  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: BDv|~NHs  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Xm_Ub>N5  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 <8F->k1"3  
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分析 |THkS@Br  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Jgi{7J  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 $G^H7|PzdC  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. MSxU>FX0  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY LN,$P  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ;DT"S{"7  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ThT.iD[  
    Dim A As Double RP ScP  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double |r<.R>  
    Dim eID As Long ;I0yQlx|U  
    Dim parID As Long 3!ajvSOI9j  
    Dim count As Integer Px^<2Q%Fs  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double A ydy=sj  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double .PA ?N{z  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 2_ZHJ,r   
    Dim ok As Long s525`Q;  
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    Sub Main DI"dY ug#  
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        '用户输入对话框 37za^n?SG  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 $D2Ain1  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ,rvZW}=  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 m8j#{[NE  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 QVA!z##  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 m-pIFL<^N  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 g'l7Jr3  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 E!(`275s  
        End Dialog ' m# Ymp  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ) Sh;UW  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) S+E3;' H  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed iR4,$Nn>  
            Print "Execution cancelled." a}+ _Yo(Q  
            End 9BgQ oK@  
        End If -^SD6l$  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty _ jM6ej<  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then D-;43>yi<  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation [$Xu  
        Else lf7H8k,-  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) a6K$omu  
        End If BRQ5  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then O'?lW~CD.>  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter !un"XI0`t<  
        Else {UjIxV(J  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) NIcNL(]  
        End If 5Qe}v  
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        Print " " D/!G]hx  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ;kcFQed\w  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ^<H#dkECG  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation {gq:sj>  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Tu T=  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens @x\gk5  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ieK'<%dxF  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens l'X?S(fiV  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens sRI=TE]s  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ,@j& q  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 'Y/V9;`)s  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation vmQ DcCw  
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        '************************************************************************* |x~ei_x7.p  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ;@$," P  
        '************************************************************************* $2Tty 7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) doUqUak  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity kA$;vbm  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (%^TTe  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z T"jDq1C/,E  
        count = 0 v6(l#,  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;Z0cD*Jb  
            GetOperation eID, count, op  AHg4kG  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then EwJn1Mvq  
                DeleteOperation eID,count E~U|v'GCd  
                count=count-1 ?J1&,'&  
            End If c;fyUi  
            count=count+1 m_W.r+s~C4  
        Wend 2H0q\zZ  
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        'Set new shift in XsCbJ[Z_?q  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" %1l80Z  
        op.val1 = taq YRX2^v ^[  
        op.parent = parID rs)aEmvC  
        AddOperation eID, op HGMH g  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Ptxc9~k  
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        '************************************************************************* LWR &(p.%  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens )=y6s^}  
        '************************************************************************* 9!<3qx/  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 9S`b7U=P  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |0Ug~jKU  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant [\y>&"uk  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <{~UKi  
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        '************************************************************************* E<[ bgL  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens N`:b vr  
        '************************************************************************* <OFqUp*l  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) m|?J^_  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "!eT  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost <J uJ`t  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost !q1^X% a  
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        '************************************************************************* 8-#2?=  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) mh SsOmJ5  
        '************************************************************************* Uv$ u\D+@[  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Z1}zf( JU  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) qOanu  
        count = 0 F#R\Ot,hv  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count zIm!8a  
            GetOperation eID, count, op +F6_P  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  ~&jCz4M  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 3Q"+ #Ob  
                count=count-1 $+N^ s^  
            End If nWsz0v3'9  
            count=count+1 Q2PwO;E.`C  
        Wend }J lW\#  
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        'Set new z-shift g0$k_  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" H(m+rk  
        op.val1 = tlens ${2fr&Tp  
        op.parent = parID CR=MjmH  
        AddOperation eID, op nA j2k  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens q{(&:~M  
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        '************************************************************************* 1W7BN~p14  
        'Lens index of refraction J4X35H=Z  
        '************************************************************************* }e@-[RJ!  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Wuz~$SU  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat r $2   
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        mat.Nd = nlens N/=3Bs0y-  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat e@By@r&nql  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens K>6p5*&  
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        '************************************************************************* {HDlv[O%  
        'Pupil diameter Jp0.h8i  
        '************************************************************************* 8B9zo&  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) u{z{3fW_  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) *5)!y d  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Z;s-t\C  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 9\2&6H  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) b5R*]  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ;{20Heuz  
        count = 0 j+/*NM_y3  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }IL@j A  
            GetOperation eID, count, op * vD<6qf  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 7 >(ygu  
                DeleteOperation eID,count $Plk4 o*g  
                count=count-1 RJD3o_("K  
            End If z(qz(`eGC&  
            count=count+1 i/z7a%$   
        Wend kvn6 NiU  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" !NjE5USi  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 IF1}}[Ht  
        op.parent = parID o5uwa{v  
        AddOperation eID, op |zKcL3*  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam VXS9E383  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description P9vROzXK  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) yM@cml6Ox  
        GetEntity eID, entity I4'j_X t  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "5K: "m  
        SetEntity eID, entity 0sa EcJ-  
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        Update 4y]*"(sQ;  
        Print "DONE!" QR4o j  
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    End Sub }{J8U2])k  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: g,nEiL  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters .anL}OA_q  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ,")7uMZaF\  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 H'2 =yhtVh  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 #A!0KN;GC2  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 G)Y!aX  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 c@`P{ 6  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 iKwVYL  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 S5JnJkNn  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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