Arizona眼睛模型
简介 DKF`
xuJP 0YC|;`J 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ]=p^32 cua ( w 模型 (((|vI3 < \&l@rMD3s 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 G+&pq Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] #-o 'g! ~9PZ/(
' 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. u@;e`-@ I_ AFHrj 光源 91-[[< LLKYc y 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 dvM%" k K
$WMrp [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 G^';9 UK *I[tIO\ 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 <'QI_mP* ROXa/ 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ]V)*WP#a [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ^wD`sj<Qg Z6-ZAS(>m [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 l"7#(a RL)~J4Y 视网膜的散射 cvQAo| @j"6f|d 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 lwz\"8 LIrebz [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 %WC^aKfY M~n./wyC 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 G{{M'1 %P{3c~?DH [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 M ziOpraj VkO*+"cGv 脚本 m\XG7uo~ ~4|Tr z2T 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: E*IP#:R [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 9 r&JsCc [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 0yvp>{;p AF8:bk,R 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 .lq83;
k 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ~L>86/hP,N !Qf*d;wxn( 分析 =6+99<G|%M 4UUbX 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 yn"4qC#Z [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 AWE ab \*Yr&Lm 脚本代码 nt+OaXe5D ^ g|VZN
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. l^$'6q"
}%-iJ\ Dim entity As T_ENTITY J3(E{w8Q Dim op As T_OPERATION ,QpFVlPU Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL nI&p.i6 Dim A As Double 5@-H8* Dim pupilDiam As Double Y9>92#aME Dim eID As Long =Xg/[J% Dim parID As Long h5pfmN\-5 Dim count As Integer @g4o8nH} Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double hF$qH^-c*A Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double N>,`TsUwW Dim curv As Double, conic As Double zsd1n`r Dim ok As Long Lr5{c5M W&:0J Sub Main \gB~0@[\7 oP9 y@U '用户输入对话框 .c~z^6x Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 H1 7I"5N TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ]@b9m Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 EFljUT?& OKButton 40,91,90,21 vV*J;%MO CancelButton 190,91,90,21 dS3\P5D.*c Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 -*MY7t3 TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 =4co$oD} End Dialog 1kw*Q: Dim dlg As UserDialog )5LT!14 (XW'1@b ok = Dialog (dlg) =JgR c7 [U8/nT If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed *i^$xjOa Print "Execution cancelled." <+-n
lK4 End Hz."4nhv End If abm 3q!a- N0Y4m_dm* 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty <Q/)SN6_E If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then [A/2
M s A = 0 'Default accommodation u~j
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Else op5`#{ A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) r A(A$VR End If ]W14'Z 2dkWzx If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then j&_>_*.y pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter
V){Io_" Else /\# f@Sg pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) pR93T+X End If @R50M (@W D|*w6p("z Print " " G^#>HE| Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" HXSryjF? Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" vN\[2r%S `Ucj_6&Tqs ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation H"8B4~*7H taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness H.4ISmXU 2m:K
%Em6u Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens W/xPVmnV CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens 1h?ve,$ o]Ne|PEpO Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens *c[w9(fU CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens <tFq^qB }7 +%k/ tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness h7q{i|5 xS tsw5d nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction Wn+s:ov f^B'BioW( 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation _Ffg"xoC 'QG`^@Z '************************************************************************* 5~?6]=hl 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) g/!MEOVx '************************************************************************* qX5>[qf- eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .Iqqjk GetCustomElement eID, entity 2SC-c `9) UTKyPCfj parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $M,<=.oT lWj*tnnn[ ' Delete any shift(s) in z G&^8)S@1 count = 0 (9I(e^@] While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (LmU\ Pe% GetOperation eID, count, op $.4A?,d If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then %'s_=r` DeleteOperation eID,count y!P!Fif' count=count-1 B2Y.1mXq End If By8SRWs count=count+1 ZBpcC0
z Wend 1bQO:n):~ 8Lx/ZGy 'Set new shift in ,4t6Cq! op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6CHb\k op.val1 = taq Y?J/KW3 op.parent = parID TU^ZvAO& AddOperation eID, op 7Qd$@ m Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 >dJuk6J&c& /Q(boY{ '************************************************************************* A)"L+Yu5 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens SgewAng?@o '************************************************************************* b`D]L/}pr eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 27ZqdHd GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic AJEbiP O)vGIp?f't SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant C}mhnU@ Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant !;|#=A9 mP
}<{oh`x '************************************************************************* mN]WjfII 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens SXqB<j$.; '************************************************************************* 7yyX8p> eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) =hvPq@C% GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic uPl}NEwU| _xCYh|DlQ| SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Any y Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 7>gjq'0
fub04x) '************************************************************************* y@~ VE5N 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) z8t;jw '************************************************************************* JK<[]>O rHw#<oV parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) xtP:Q9!N %P s.r{%{ ' Delete any z-shift(s) n46!H0mJ count = 0 6?[P^{GpH While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /g+-{+sx GetOperation eID, count, op Xrb7.Y0d If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5Z_C(5)/Y DeleteOperation eID,count ugTsI~aE count=count-1 2YZ>nqy End If vq(#Ih2 count=count+1 a_P|KRl Wend /_m)D;!y yYJ_;Va 'Set new z-shift Pp!4Ak4TT9 op.Type = "ShiftZ" *1["x;A op.val1 = tlens tWy.Gz\ op.parent = parID X$6NJ(2G AddOperation eID, op e,}h^^" Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 46NuT]6/4 [yN+(^i '************************************************************************* \_,p@r]Q 'Lens index of refraction /J-'[Mc'D[ '************************************************************************* >Vt2@Ee eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) tIDN~[1 GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1}la)lC IXtG
36O mat.Nd = nlens !i-t6f SetModelMaterial eID, mat B@M9oNWHu Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ~;CNWJtcf( -}UY2) '************************************************************************* iS+"Jsz 'Pupil diameter Ph""[0n%o '************************************************************************* 082iEG eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) eg/itty #fa,}aj 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) b]z_2h~` R]%"YQ V SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" d*{Cv2A. ?&wrz ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ![K\)7 iKo parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7mYcO3{5{ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "dIWHfQB count = 0 b3-j2`# While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /gF)msUF GetOperation eID, count, op bT 42G[x If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 5]I)qij
q DeleteOperation eID,count }UsH#!9. count=count-1 Q/?`); End If gNP1UH4m count=count+1 VnW6$W?g Wend ^
34Ng op.Type = "ShiftZ" I[|Y
2i op.val1 = taq-0.01 dlfjx op.parent = parID B,%6sa~I AddOperation eID, op &2u
|7U. ]'Eg2(wy Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam <J+Oh\8tad xK_UkB-$i 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 7<]&pSt= eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *B!Ox}CI.L GetEntity eID, entity J8S$YRZ_ entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" -y!Dg6A SetEntity eID, entity KDEyVYO: (.!9 Update `Z,WKus Print "DONE!" m
uO. #1$4<o#M End Sub z{OL+-OY Mu`_^gG 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: (LTu=1 Vc9Bg2f5 Accommodation = 4 Diopters X8Z) W?vu Pupil Diameter = 4 mm D+uo gRS61 Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 vaF1e:( Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 cwvJH&%0 Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 \wz^Z{U Set lens thickness = 3.927 xL_QTj Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 kIS )*_ Set pupil diameter = 4 bgE]Wk0 DONE!
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