Arizona眼睛模型
简介 =h xyR; EU
Z7?4o 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 +|Izjx]ZV nDcH;_<;9a 模型 zm8k,e +5- ep4?;Qmho 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 -<L5; Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] d3\KUR^ # [
+n( 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. c/^l2CJ0 +koW3> 光源 ht#,v5oG>f O0;mXH 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 1]9l
SE!E7 bI^F( [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 cc3/XBo $&!|G-0' 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。
fda4M /;vHAtt;f 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 nch#DE82 [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 6v74mIRn'? "_2;+@+ [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 U_hzSf u1gD*4+ 视网膜的散射 %mIdQQ, =J"c'Z>. 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 6J_$dzw d,o*{sM5d [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 byTHSRt HYG1BfEaW 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 _8ks`O#} ty:{e]e [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 .s?^y+e_ R T~oJ~t; 脚本 A2p% Y}, f]mVM(XZN 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 9-vQn/O^D [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 oIQ$98 M [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 Q,Y^9g"B`~ %eh.@8GL` 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 HGDiwA 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 I0><IaFy
sCmN|Q 分析 hd,O/-m# -r]L MQ 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 7G7"Zule*j [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 ~]`U)Aw X 4!Jj* 脚本代码 A`Rs
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- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. u.*}'C>^^v
h(GSM'v Dim entity As T_ENTITY =(Y0wZP| Dim op As T_OPERATION \KS.A
4 Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Gm3`/!r Dim A As Double ]g }5p4*& Dim pupilDiam As Double o9yUJ@
:i Dim eID As Long lA;qFXaN> Dim parID As Long V6h8+|hK Dim count As Integer 7TU xdI Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double /1D.Ud^ Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double $dWYu"2CD Dim curv As Double, conic As Double (i?9/8I Dim ok As Long "!fwIEG 8H T3C\$s Sub Main c.5u \I9" aR'~=t&;z1 '用户输入对话框 "zz b`T[8 Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 'm"Ez'sS TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 .6I'V3:Kg Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 sTep2W.9 OKButton 40,91,90,21 SG1AYUs
V CancelButton 190,91,90,21 =fdW H4 Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 yq<W+b/ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 "q!*RO'a End Dialog ZR"qrCSw` Dim dlg As UserDialog e\f\CMb o*"Q{Xh#Qd ok = Dialog (dlg) M _lLP8W} |5&7;;$ If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed ts("(zI1E Print "Execution cancelled." (ip3{d{CT] End ${}9/(x/^ End If 1'iQlnMO@ k,; (`L 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty DRTT3;,N If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then W^S]"N0u A = 0 'Default accommodation @v!#_%J Else .2_xTt A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) MZh?MaBz06 End If y\[* mgl: X?JtEQ~> If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then kA)`i`gt pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter ]scr@e Else a<>cbP pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 9C7HL;MF End If Dkh=(+> < w>}n1Nc$G Print " " \OWxf[ Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" }w2Et Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" {ot6ssT=D wuXH' ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation cWo__EE taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness "Vp:Sq9y ac966<# Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens gQ%mVJB{( CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens Ir*{IVvej gw%L M7yQR Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens a1[J> CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens twK 3 0dI7{o;<| tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness 'aEN(Mdz1e 5~(nHCf> nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction )nK+`{;@! D~`RLPMk 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation w{;~ /OMgj7olD '************************************************************************* ~x@V"rxGw 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) O'.{6H;t '************************************************************************* Qv;b$by3 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >?G!>kw GetCustomElement eID, entity JS<w43/j &_j<!3* parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) A1z<2.R #SjCKQ~ ' Delete any shift(s) in z 1!E}A!; count = 0 &zVXd While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 6lkCLH GetOperation eID, count, op 0 N0< 4b If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then > %Hw008 DeleteOperation eID,count pL> Yx> count=count-1 "d
M-3o< End If p1&=D%/ count=count+1 eu$"GbqY Wend Mpk7$=hjc fZJM'+J@A 'Set new shift in U7,.L op.Type = "ShiftZ" =KD[#au6a op.val1 = taq +@7c:CAy( op.parent = parID LfCgvq6/pO AddOperation eID, op KF!d? Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Q7UQwAN' %rEP.T\i '************************************************************************* /c4$m3?] 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Ywcgt| '************************************************************************* Z *v`kl eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) c]qh)F$s8 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ^%Ln@!P F<dhG>E9 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant uBC#4cX`D* Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant y`/:E<fVk oL!C(\ERh '************************************************************************* ')2LP;( 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ' 8Q}pp` '************************************************************************* 5a2;@}%V eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) mQ<Vwx0 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Z]5xy_La &0d5".|s SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost &b-&0rTqz Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost tZ*>S]qD (#qQ;ch '************************************************************************* vo~Qo;m 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) $`lGPi(Jc '************************************************************************* e. E$Ej]w @B ?'Mu* parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %.fwNS _U,Hi?b"$} ' Delete any z-shift(s) EYn9ln_]u count = 0 !QME!c>*$ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9tmnx')_ GetOperation eID, count, op 4ZYywD wn If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ZK<c(,oZ^ DeleteOperation eID,count e{^lD.E count=count-1 6!=q+sw/X End If VmXXj6l& count=count+1 SxkY ;^-U Wend [EQTrr(
D (ti E%nF+ 'Set new z-shift X8~?uroq op.Type = "ShiftZ" zOy_qozk op.val1 = tlens A+fXt`YNM op.parent = parID r*FAUb`bG AddOperation eID, op #;;A~d:V Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens "wxyY^" &F*eo`o}6 '************************************************************************* S&Hgr_/}c 'Lens index of refraction v[jg|s&6" '************************************************************************* sy6[%8D$ eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) \#C]|\ GetModelMaterial eID, mat y6H`FFqK Oz<#s{Z mat.Nd = nlens z.tN<P 7 SetModelMaterial eID, mat \GK]6VW Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens /
w[Tu V~$?]Z %_ '************************************************************************* VLfKN)g 'Pupil diameter Y+0GJuBf '************************************************************************* bH%d* eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) g?@fHFct 1`~.!yd8( 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) L3s"L.G :edy(vC< SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" IUD@Kf]S Sj viH ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ^bLFY9hSC parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \Y6r
!D9 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #K/95!) count = 0 | _nBiHjNn While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .F/s( GetOperation eID, count, op z]&?}o If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then p ^)3p5w DeleteOperation eID,count xX.{(er count=count-1 J"XZnb)E= End If mgb+HNH%q\ count=count+1 c/l^;6O/!\ Wend <driD'=F op.Type = "ShiftZ" k=O op.val1 = taq-0.01 vz&88jt op.parent = parID p@oz[017/J AddOperation eID, op :4r*Jju<V x
}]"jj2x Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam |3`8$- VL|Z+3L 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description yl0;Jx? eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) yA';~V\V{> GetEntity eID, entity COHook(: entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" N686~ SetEntity eID, entity HumL(S'm d)d0,fi?- Update YdN]Tqc Print "DONE!" dk 0} q6~ 0g#x QzE End Sub Vd'=Fe;eB |OuIQhoE 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: oqzWL~ ,Kt51vG i Accommodation = 4 Diopters M(n@ytz Pupil Diameter = 4 mm jsP+,brO Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ')Y1cO Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ]<S{3F= Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 #$}A$ sm Set lens thickness = 3.927 AS'+p %( Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ?%n"{k?# Set pupil diameter = 4 Fh/sD? DONE!
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