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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 s'qd%JxD  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 .(^KA{  
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模型 b(+M/O>I  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 <]xGd!x$  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. $ OB2ZS"  
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光源 ;NQ9A &$)  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 "c` $U]M%  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 d"o5uo  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 FFX-kS  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 S^(OjS  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 V,:^@ 7d  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 UtPFkase  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 hS&3D6G t  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 =`Ii ?xo  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 4P(muOS  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 r{\c. \  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 W D8  
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分析  wO<.wPa`  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 |)~t ^  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 5<64 C}fE3  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. NJ]AxFG  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY U]Y</>xGI  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION *G rYB6MT  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL $?P5A E  
    Dim A As Double ,X`w/ 2O  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double !ZxK+Xqx[  
    Dim eID As Long >lPWji'4;  
    Dim parID As Long tzIcR #Z  
    Dim count As Integer oRkh>yj'  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double /EP RgRX  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ;f?suawMv  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 8MQb5( !  
    Dim ok As Long L2\<iJA}c  
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    Sub Main J2 ZV\8t  
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        '用户输入对话框 W 6c]a/  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 X!xmto  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 .9NYa|+0  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 216=7O2F  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 {,+{,Ere  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 UaCfXTG  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 X 0vcBHh  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 6 2:FlW>  
        End Dialog ?3 S{>+'  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog OLS/3c z  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) jK-b#h.gL  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed q0C%">>1 #  
            Print "Execution cancelled." b(_f{R7PY  
            End *^oL$_Y  
        End If  Q}9!aB,  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty -e4TqzRr  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 9Iu"DOxX%  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 5,R4:y ?cK  
        Else X5pb9zRq  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 5 ) q_Aro  
        End If =&i#NSK  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then VUi> ]v/e  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter eo*l^7  
        Else a]/KJn /B(  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) s0O]vDTR,H  
        End If Jmuyd\?,b  
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        Print " " BCfmnE4%  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" n:[@#xs-  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" $cW t^B'  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation h/Yxm2  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 8y']kVg  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Aydpr_lp  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens OqWm5(u&S  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens q3v v^~  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens "F =NDF  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness bg!(B<!X  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 182g6/,  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ^TD%l8o6  
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        '************************************************************************* t.+)g-X  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) $%^](-  
        '************************************************************************* =w* 8   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !Rc %  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 0 *;i]owV  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r.'xqzF/  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z }SC&6B?G  
        count = 0 soLW'8  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Ab]tLz|Z  
            GetOperation eID, count, op suzK)rJ9i  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then HUMy\u84H  
                DeleteOperation eID,count z#Fel/L`O  
                count=count-1 P z~jW):E  
            End If pSbtm74  
            count=count+1 x|yJCs>  
        Wend Yj'9|4%+|  
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        'Set new shift in (3K3)0fy  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" N,Z*d  
        op.val1 = taq Z.&/,UU:4  
        op.parent = parID nw\C+1F  
        AddOperation eID, op R:+'"dBge  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 0zA;%oP  
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        '************************************************************************* Pro?xY$E)  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens *RxJ8.G  
        '************************************************************************* ~&<t++ g  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ?Wz2J3A.2t  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [|ZFei)r  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ?_FL 'G  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Pn^`_  
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        '************************************************************************* M 9-Q  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Yb^e7Eug  
        '************************************************************************* #2s}s<Sc;  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) .Sn{a }XP4  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ^utOVi  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost xh bN=L  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost nhdZC@~E0  
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        '************************************************************************* faDS!E' +  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) T 5Zh2Q@  
        '************************************************************************* EYn?YiVFU  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) g=[OH  
    o S=!6h  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) %SOXw 8-  
        count = 0 iphC\*F  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g3c<c S^l  
            GetOperation eID, count, op LT<2 n.S  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]y6 {um8"  
                DeleteOperation eID,count <zR{'7L/  
                count=count-1 L~- /'+  
            End If 9c[X[ Qc  
            count=count+1 Bkd$'7UT  
        Wend uDie205  
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        'Set new z-shift \894 Jqh  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" {iX#  
        op.val1 = tlens 2L1y4nnbwo  
        op.parent = parID ns%gb!FBJX  
        AddOperation eID, op . 2$J-<O  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens /^AH/,p  
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        '************************************************************************* Vt(Wy  
        'Lens index of refraction j{OA%G(I  
        '************************************************************************* b'\Q/;oz>  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) jcJ 4?  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat D#L(ZlD4  
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        mat.Nd = nlens ^T!Zz"/:  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat =}#yi<Lt  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens salC4z3  
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        '************************************************************************* GMJ4v S  
        'Pupil diameter @w8} ]S  
        '************************************************************************* 86OrJdD8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) #+1|O;PB#  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) RFL * qd4  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" iT :3e%  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens g8N"-j&@  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) AOZ C D{  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 3_)I&RM  
        count = 0 QcL@3QC  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count RG{T\9]n  
            GetOperation eID, count, op YbU8 xq  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;[::&qf  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Mpojabsh  
                count=count-1 !b+4[ xky  
            End If #"4ioTL2  
            count=count+1 _=~u\$  
        Wend T&_&l;syA  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^[7Mp  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 +r3)\L{U  
        op.parent = parID {!|4JquE_  
        AddOperation eID, op f256;3n  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam `[sFh%:  
    Y/5M)AyJt  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description A0Mjk  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) wtek5C^  
        GetEntity eID, entity !G3AD3  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" @q'kKVJs  
        SetEntity eID, entity L(TM& ps\-  
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        Update _p*9LsN$L  
        Print "DONE!" v8ap"9b  
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    End Sub S?0o[7(x*  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: (  zo7h  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters xG/Q%A  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm LDjtkD.r  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 n4k q=Z%  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 w ~*@TG  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 &'z_:Wm  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 P4[kW}R  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ,0! 2x"Q=  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 UGPDwgq\v  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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