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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 h%'4V<V  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 mEi+Tj zp  
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模型 56 6vjE  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 "E`;8SZa  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. |Z%I3-z_DS  
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光源 Q\(VQ1c  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 X r7pFw  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 a*4"j2j v  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 t;BvKH77  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 q^{Z"ifL  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 HN'r ZAZ(  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 -[-LR }u  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 e&&;"^@-  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 At5:X*vD  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 1_JxDT,=>  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 F|._'i+B!  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ^{<x*/nK  
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分析 7mulNq  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 z1\G,mJK  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 m35Blg34  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. JL~QE-pvD  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY G?-27Jk8  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ?p{xt$<p  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL '[shY  
    Dim A As Double DbSl}N;  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double gi`K^L=C  
    Dim eID As Long '"}|'J  
    Dim parID As Long 66\0JsT?3  
    Dim count As Integer f~Dl;f~H_;  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 7^k`:Z  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double myH:bc>6  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double '< OB  j  
    Dim ok As Long oRM EC7!A0  
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    Sub Main N" |^AF  
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        '用户输入对话框 (_ov _3  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 6y)xMX  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 bAeN>~WvY  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 8F0+\40  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 TX{DZ#  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 u(JC 4w'  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 VVuL+i  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 jIMaP T  
        End Dialog zypZ3g{vz  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog <[xxCW(2  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) _<5o1  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed XgKtg-,  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 5VWXUNe@_q  
            End  TyMR m  
        End If daBu<0\  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty oaI7j=Gp  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then _1*EMq6  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation %" $.2O@  
        Else `"[VkQFB/  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) +-,Q>`  
        End If 'j$iSW&  
    'DF3|A],  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then u*[,W-R&  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter wd*i~A3+?  
        Else T4T_32`XR  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ?)Lktn9%  
        End If 4UoUuKzt  
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        Print " " /-4i"|  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" wpY%"x#-+=  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 5 d|*E_yu  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation mT@UQCG  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness qsFA~{o.  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens t=S94 ^g  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ".v9#|  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens qYIBP?`g  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens VYf$0oo\4  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness j]J2,J  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction fJOU1%  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation \ ;Hj,z\  
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        '************************************************************************* M6 AQ8~z  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) *~4uF  
        '************************************************************************* abD55YJY  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) "rc}mq  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity Pc? d@tm  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) RNoS7[&  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z DXKk1u?Tq  
        count = 0 ]ZO^@sH  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B_`A[0H  
            GetOperation eID, count, op @[zPN[z .  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lqqY5l6j  
                DeleteOperation eID,count QEUg=*3W=  
                count=count-1 (' `) m  
            End If M0c"wi@S_  
            count=count+1 XPUH\I=  
        Wend 8 gOK?>'9  
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        'Set new shift in kf>'AbN  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]t0?,q.$7  
        op.val1 = taq D6bCC; h=  
        op.parent = parID sF_.9G)S0  
        AddOperation eID, op ,PRM(n-  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ^fnRzX  
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        '************************************************************************* X~GZI*P  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens yKZ~ ^  
        '************************************************************************* F1Egcx/$V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) j(nPWEyJM  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 'r1&zw(  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 8Mws?]\/q  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant !6<2JNf  
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        '************************************************************************* Z`b,0[rG[  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens X:8=jHkz  
        '************************************************************************* An]*J|nFIY  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) XFK$p^qu  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic \FVR'A1  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost RG*Nw6A  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost cY\-e?`=4  
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        '************************************************************************* CoJaVLl  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ~Gwn||g78  
        '************************************************************************* j nI)n*  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )  J|6aa  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 9Eg'=YJ  
        count = 0 8VMq>-  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count y"@~5e477$  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Q.\+ XR_|  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;C{ 2*0"H|  
                DeleteOperation eID,count <YJU?G:@  
                count=count-1 ) 3Y E$,  
            End If hC6$>tl  
            count=count+1 C8&)-v|  
        Wend +hXph  
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        'Set new z-shift o6vm(I%  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" l[\[)X3$  
        op.val1 = tlens uu#ALB Jm  
        op.parent = parID i"w$D{N  
        AddOperation eID, op m?<C\&)6x  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens w:N\]=Vh  
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        '************************************************************************* @*%.V.  
        'Lens index of refraction f0wQn09  
        '************************************************************************* TC R(  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ;Rwr5  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat gvy%`SSW  
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        mat.Nd = nlens H,H'bd/  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ^lf;Lc  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens @9vz%1B<l  
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        '************************************************************************* xTAC&OCk^[  
        'Pupil diameter { Ja#pt  
        '************************************************************************* Z#4? /'  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) p( Qm\g<  
    )*s.AFu]7x  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) W*U\79H  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" G3?8GTH  
    ?J<4IvL/  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens YToRG7X#  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) y!aq}YS  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) uOW9FAW  
        count = 0 39m#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xQJdt $]U@  
            GetOperation eID, count, op z@iY(;Qo  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then {W0]0_mI(  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Uyi_B.:`  
                count=count-1 T+2?u.{I  
            End If *;o=hM)Tp  
            count=count+1 )cOm\^,  
        Wend :&TOQ<vM  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Sf*VkH  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 @~a52'\  
        op.parent = parID `^w5/v#  
        AddOperation eID, op g~Q#U;]  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam TH6g:YP`7  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ^(&:=r.PC  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) QiwZk<rb  
        GetEntity eID, entity 0]NsT0M  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 0n3O;=[aV  
        SetEntity eID, entity $9ON 3>  
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        Update x$M[/ID0  
        Print "DONE!" IlS{>6  
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    End Sub TWxMexiW  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: <cWo]T`X!  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters >xH3*0 Lp  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 9prG@  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 KE(kR>OB]  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 $'[( DwLS  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 uYO?Rb&}  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 a2 YdkdjT  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Z/ThY bk  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ew"[]eZ:ut  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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