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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 4g}'/  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 bUBQ  
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模型 5}" @$.{i  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 OPP^n-iPr  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. :^[HDI-[2  
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光源 hEv}g  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 d9kN @W  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 x{.+i'  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 *sbZ{{]e  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 p ! _\a  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 %zCV>D  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 cEc_S42Z  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 B=p6p f  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 U:1cbD7|3  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: vz1yH%~E  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 `z)q/;}fC  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ;p_@%*JAx  
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分析 yur5" $n  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 .nG14i7C  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 lH#C:n  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Pn|;VCh  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY V }?MP-.c  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ??u*qO:p  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Xvr7qowL  
    Dim A As Double }8e_  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double E'ay @YAp  
    Dim eID As Long )d$FFTH  
    Dim parID As Long %p t^?  
    Dim count As Integer P1u(0t  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 618k-  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 0` y*7.Ip  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double yRyUOTK  
    Dim ok As Long 9m+ejTK{U  
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    Sub Main BV-(`#~:y  
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        '用户输入对话框 .X](B~\!  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 bCL/"OB  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Svl; Ul  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 nd #owjB  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ]p-x ds#d  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 >.o<}!FW  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 epm ~  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 8W"Xdv{  
        End Dialog 5 !Ho[  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog #i'wDvhol  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) IDK~ (t  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 8c3/n   
            Print "Execution cancelled." -SlAt$IJ  
            End X@pcL{T!  
        End If ?[#4WH-G  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty qF3s&WI  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then "%rzL.</  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation V M{Sng  
        Else nJ2910"<  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) me YSW  
        End If Y1-=H)G  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ,:6.Gi)|  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter @ *&`1  
        Else #9rCF 3P  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) b`fWT:?=  
        End If U7xKu75G1  
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        Print " " xFA+Zj BC  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" kk$D:UQX  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" qoAJcr2uN  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation UWW'[gEP1  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness b>@fHmpwD  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens B,4 3b O  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ]vjMfT%]W  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens #SR )tU  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens FvyC$vip  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 6 g)X&pZ  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction H8A=]Gq  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation }_fVv{D   
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        '************************************************************************* |]'gd)%S\  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) A"wso[{  
        '************************************************************************* A",Xn/d  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) BYZllwxwTE  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity f!bGH-.r5  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (AT)w/  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ]D@y""{--s  
        count = 0 @#::C@V]  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count A&C?|M? M  
            GetOperation eID, count, op vFK!LeF%  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;5:3 =F>ao  
                DeleteOperation eID,count BFPy~5W  
                count=count-1 &t@|/~%[  
            End If 6BObV/S Jg  
            count=count+1 ~-BIU Z;  
        Wend X({R+  
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        'Set new shift in TB#oauJm,  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" NBO&VYs|  
        op.val1 = taq *W<|5<<u@  
        op.parent = parID V&>mD"~MP  
        AddOperation eID, op ,S7M4ajVZB  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 +.|8W!h`1  
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        '************************************************************************* j12khp?  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens TN.&FDqC9  
        '************************************************************************* D1~3 3;  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) KTjf2/  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic p} i5z_tS  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ''wF%q  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant !;.nL-NQ  
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        '************************************************************************* /@9-D 4  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ?OdJ t  
        '************************************************************************* d1/uI^8>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ~ MW_=6U  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic r&D&xsbQ  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost LE@`TPg$R  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost qh 9Ix  
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        '************************************************************************* e]u3[ao  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) v1~`76^  
        '************************************************************************* (C!33s1  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) M\jTeB"Z  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) M;F&Ix  
        count = 0 5mF"nY&lI  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 16n8[U!  
            GetOperation eID, count, op VD-2{em  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then I:,D:00+  
                DeleteOperation eID,count @Xq3>KJ_)H  
                count=count-1 R{A$hnhW6  
            End If O;~d ao  
            count=count+1 $_NP4V8|z/  
        Wend 8Qi@z Jq,  
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        'Set new z-shift V-%Am  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" pm}!?TL  
        op.val1 = tlens Oj^qh+r  
        op.parent = parID VJ$UpqVm  
        AddOperation eID, op :,BKB*a\  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens KsBi<wY  
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        '************************************************************************* -P|st;?#  
        'Lens index of refraction Ye) F{WqZ#  
        '************************************************************************* -% Z?rn2  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) '{xPdN  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat nnPY8pdjSD  
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        mat.Nd = nlens a'2^kds  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat sZ9VXnz24  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens J)leRR&  
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        '************************************************************************* smN |r  
        'Pupil diameter d y^zOqc  
        '************************************************************************* O5eTkKUc  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) f/6,b&l,  
    (5(TbyWwD  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) dCkk5&2n  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" L\Y4$e9bF8  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Uc?#E $X  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~E tW B  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" )  }L.&@P<  
        count = 0 J"Z=`I)KON  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :AM5EO  
            GetOperation eID, count, op o)pso\;  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3.?kxac  
                DeleteOperation eID,count .V Cfh+*J#  
                count=count-1 O^,%V{]6\  
            End If 08TeGUjJ  
            count=count+1 mjtmN0^SR  
        Wend A\v(!yg  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ')mR87  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 l@OY8z-_  
        op.parent = parID H<`<5M8  
        AddOperation eID, op c/Ykk7T9--  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam O.% $oV  
    }[gk9uM_7  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ?'$Yj>R6  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 86AZ)UP2D  
        GetEntity eID, entity shAoib?Kw:  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" U$,W/G}m  
        SetEntity eID, entity Dxlpo! ?#  
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        Update y]e[fZ`L  
        Print "DONE!" c?0.>^,B Q  
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    End Sub RMvq\J}w!  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: |r%NMw #y  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters %HAforH  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm zG. \xmp  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 bk}'wcX<+]  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 UTLuzm  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Ey#7L M)  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 [ u.r]\[J  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ?~p]Ey}~9  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 NlG~{rfI  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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