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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 [>E0(S]  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 l< Y x  
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模型 s= :n<`Z2  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 V47 Fp  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.  Po5}Vh  
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光源 x {rt\OT  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 *;Vq0a!  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 ]n+:lsiV  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 o}T]f(>}  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 QwhPN'U  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 &c]x;#-y  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 e"v Eh  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 #8PjYB  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 .8"o&%$`V  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: b c+' n  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 !l'Zar  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 , 7}Ri  
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分析 j#-74{Y$ J  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 o:?IT/>  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 >9|Q,/b0  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. V482V#BP  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY n |(Y?`(  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 2^|*M@3r  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL A0'Yfuie  
    Dim A As Double k(T/yd rw  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ^f4qs  
    Dim eID As Long " I:j a7  
    Dim parID As Long r> NgJf,  
    Dim count As Integer  HSTtDTo  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double &ed.%:  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double oqG 0 @@  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double J H6\;G6  
    Dim ok As Long $[IuEdc/  
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    Sub Main W4Zi?@L>'  
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        '用户输入对话框 ;0ake%v]  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ."9v1kW  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 N8:vn0ww  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 y%43w4  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 SC'fT!  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 [7$.)}Q-  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 >YD? pDPb/  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 tM~R?9OaJ  
        End Dialog qRTy}FU1  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog |',MgA  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) nd-y`@z  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed o4tQ9X=}  
            Print "Execution cancelled." $dq R]'  
            End 5r@x$*>e  
        End If u PjJ>v  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Fj|C+;Q.  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 7)z^*;x  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation uT ngDk  
        Else s-Bpd#G>/  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) LY/K ,6^a  
        End If Q!MS_ #O  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then nCJ)=P.d  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ,{7Z OzA  
        Else V{ECDg P  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ~gmj /PQ0  
        End If iq=<LOx  
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        Print " " Fd9ypZs  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Y0 Ta&TYZ0  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" WM~@/J  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation o{lR_  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness SVo:%mX  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ;5?$q  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens +.:- :  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens C65( m  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens txw:m*(%  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness tY~EB.%  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction t3 2 FNg  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Gk g)\ 3  
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        '************************************************************************* $OldHe[p  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) >/9f>d?w^  
        '*************************************************************************  v=R=K  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Q,S~+bD(z  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ozy~`$;c  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) wsYvbI!  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z Q$^oIFb  
        count = 0 e3oHe1"hP  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count yY_Zq\   
            GetOperation eID, count, op P>j^w#$n  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a<*q+a(*W  
                DeleteOperation eID,count @ (<C{  
                count=count-1 c@>Tzk%?"  
            End If F !g>fIg  
            count=count+1 dj>zy  
        Wend T)? : q  
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        'Set new shift in wVX]"o  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" <[Oe.0SGu  
        op.val1 = taq &c>%E%!"  
        op.parent = parID G<:_O-cPSv  
        AddOperation eID, op ]-]K4*{   
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 H\H4AAP5F$  
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        '************************************************************************* jMr[ UZ  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens *oZ]k`-!8  
        '************************************************************************* ]wb^5H  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) '-c *S]:r  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic o{MF'B #  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant "%]<Co<S  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant v,]-;V~<  
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        '************************************************************************* 5argw+2s4$  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 5,dKha  
        '************************************************************************* GYH{_Fq  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) fSc)PqLP  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic b$FK}D5  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost =`<9N %  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost lidVe]>  
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        '************************************************************************* r c++c,=  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) D]tI's1  
        '************************************************************************* JX!z,X?r4  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) *'&]DJj  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) qh9d .Q+n  
        count = 0 F-R5Ib-F*A  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count dbga >j  
            GetOperation eID, count, op gpT~3c;l=  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then eYtP396C|  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Z-%zR'-?*  
                count=count-1 JsP<etX  
            End If (}B3df  
            count=count+1 [/=Z2mt A  
        Wend -XASS%  
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        'Set new z-shift ~cv322N   
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" mY= Q#nG  
        op.val1 = tlens 8yCt(ms  
        op.parent = parID _w}l,   
        AddOperation eID, op B)/L[ )S  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens qt{lZ_$  
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        '*************************************************************************  ^t}1 $H  
        'Lens index of refraction 3s\}|LqX#  
        '************************************************************************* t1`.M$  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) "%I<yUP]U  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat @ / .w%  
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        mat.Nd = nlens @#r6->%W  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat S:lie*Aux*  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens &M>o  
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        '************************************************************************* 3d`u!i?/  
        'Pupil diameter u']}Z% A9`  
        '************************************************************************* m)l'i!Y  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Np"~1z.(b  
    I:6H65(&  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 7!F -.kG  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" #=V\WQb  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens xs6kr  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) e_YTh^wU  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) =odKi"-6  
        count = 0 QXu[<V  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count M3G ecjR  
            GetOperation eID, count, op s^>  >]  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~KQiNkA\|l  
                DeleteOperation eID,count B3 |G&Kg  
                count=count-1 BgT(~8'  
            End If [*J?TNk  
            count=count+1 SM8f"H28  
        Wend )DGJr/)  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" x7xMSy  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 1'!D   
        op.parent = parID d@%PTSX  
        AddOperation eID, op _WR/]1R  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam bU\T  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description )(9[>_+40  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "$/1.SX;]  
        GetEntity eID, entity E!RlH3})  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" #-i#mbZ e  
        SetEntity eID, entity O"X:3srJ`  
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        Update Wo(m:q(Om  
        Print "DONE!" ce [ Maw  
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    End Sub &hUEOif  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: JEs@ky?{z  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 7p- RPC  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm n[B[hAT  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Qz89=#W  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ~Ajst!Y7=  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Zoy)2E{  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 {+]tx46$  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 j#U,zsv:  
    Set pupil diameter = 4  |e<$  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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