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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 Lc5zu7ncg nAWb9Yk 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 E&
i (T2c ~ HhB@G!3 模型 l=p_ JJ7A`
; 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 \Q(a`6U Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] _%=CW'
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"M`h 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Gmi?xGn w(&EZDe 光源
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Ao8ua|: 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 >fzyD(> 6" * <0 [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 qvSYrnpn F0p=|W 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 'z5jnI U,#x\[3!Jt 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 4h@,hY1# [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 dh7`eAMY A6]X
aF [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 '*mZ/O- /HLI9 视网膜的散射 *lvADW5e uAeo&|& 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 dhob]8b wDh]vH[ [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 %rG4X rL1yq|]I 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 b(GV4% d-B+s%>D [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 2$5">%? d,Aa8I 脚本 &|{1Ws IS&qFi}W|W 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: (l^7EpNs [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 "ktuq\a@ [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 [w'Q9\,p p?y2j 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 * )<+u~ 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 5OI.Ka 'JMW.;Lh?X 分析 g=$U&Hgs %US&`BT! 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ESRj<p%W [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 aYaEy(m [[IMf-] 脚本代码 uKP4ur@1 uL/wV~g
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. _GG\SWm
Ahwi Dim entity As T_ENTITY ]qT&6:;-] Dim op As T_OPERATION %m
|I=P Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL .@,t}:lD Dim A As Double =4eJ@EVM Dim pupilDiam As Double 7x6M]1F Dim eID As Long kP%hgZ Dim parID As Long *I(6hB Dim count As Integer 88osWo6rG Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double pz
/[${X Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double oN,1ig Dim curv As Double, conic As Double tRdf:F\X Dim ok As Long '%rT]u3U =NtHV4=b Sub Main %42a>piev r&E gP '用户输入对话框
=Pl@+RgK+ Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 tr<fii3< TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 [_'A(. Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QgqJ # OKButton 40,91,90,21 K|Sq_/#+U CancelButton 190,91,90,21 G{} 2"/ Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 jjV'`Vy) TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 _cs(f<>oCO End Dialog ;98&5X\u< Dim dlg As UserDialog (I}owr 5: @.W; 3|~qc ok = Dialog (dlg) [;z\bV<S /^.S
nqk If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed AabQ)23R2 Print "Execution cancelled." 4?+K
` End =
J;I5:J End If s=n4'`y1 'Bue* 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty d%8n If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then MQ!4"E5"j A = 0 'Default accommodation 9!_,A d;3 Else S1|u@d' A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) K<J,n!zc End If ~b~Tq ^+P.f[ If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then '8;bc@cE pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter _aFe9+y Else r
W`7<3 pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) q%4X1 W End If S.!,qv z Y#9W]78He Print " " @
8H$ Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ^!\1q<@n Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" -iR2UE@M
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8%gC ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation x2B8G;6u taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness xT+_JT65 0&,D&y% Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens jB?SX CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens fmuh9Z unFRfec{ Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens }%u#TwZ CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens L(;$(k-/( /2Wg=&H tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness [q?RJmB] 9w=7A>.U nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction Ah2 {kK ./F:]/Mt 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation PMytk`<`zw Xq;|l?,O '************************************************************************* h <4`|Bg+ 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) qYA~Os1e '************************************************************************* FLW VI4* eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) , MXU]{ GetCustomElement eID, entity |cU75
S 1 >aAM&4 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) s/7Z.\ fd
)v{OC ' Delete any shift(s) in z nFQuoU]ux count = 0 q-`&C While GetOperationCount(eID)>count j0e,>X8 GetOperation eID, count, op
Ey:68yU If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Fx:38Ae DeleteOperation eID,count 6B?jc/V.R count=count-1 =Dq&lm,n End If Og 1-LP|X count=count+1 8ao-]QoMZ Wend ;stjqTd O >h` 'Set new shift in 5sT3|yq op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y1h)aQ5{ op.val1 = taq
;2C op.parent = parID `6~0W5 AddOperation eID, op ii?T:T@ Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 FaeKDbLJr ;U=b6xE '************************************************************************* E]'
f&0s 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens _f^6F<! '************************************************************************* 3:iEt (iCI eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) tKV, GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (\F9_y,6*\ #Nh'1@@ SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant (,h2qP-;ud Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <iky~iE ]VjvG}; '************************************************************************* 5mZ2CDV 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens o-=|}u]mz '************************************************************************* /0/ouA>+ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @:?[R&` GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "SMJ:g", r!&174DSR1 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost #^L&H
oo6 Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost >Hnm.?-AWl +mWf$+w '************************************************************************* 4:/V|E\D 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) GURiW42 '************************************************************************* xqX3uq $eFMn$o parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )NZH{G UfX~GC;B ' Delete any z-shift(s) p3Ux%/ZqPV count = 0 8NfXYR# While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ye.6tlW GetOperation eID, count, op @*y4uI6& If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |#_p0yPy DeleteOperation eID,count I,hw0e count=count-1 RH FRN&RU$ End If `^[k8Z( count=count+1 M[`[+5v Wend 4G,FJjE`p %j\&}>P4$ 'Set new z-shift s6~;)(r op.Type = "ShiftZ" f- XUto op.val1 = tlens &b|RoPV op.parent = parID v7"VH90`! AddOperation eID, op /Z6lnm7wJ Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 7GO9z<m) ;y,g%uqE '************************************************************************* bJIYe ld 'Lens index of refraction 44u)F@) '************************************************************************* +KbkdYZ eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) qj;i03 +@ GetModelMaterial eID, mat %4Lo Em=U i3eF_ mat.Nd = nlens V| V9. SetModelMaterial eID, mat )Dz]Pv]H' Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens xeFx!$3 f5*qlQJFz\ '************************************************************************* l6bY!I> 'Pupil diameter >pp/4Ia! '************************************************************************* sMMOZ'bT eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) F- -g?Q^ 3WP\MM 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 7n#-3#_mG \oWpyT _ SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" !K( >UCg3uFj ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 5a/A?9?, parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7K.75%} eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) JH\:9B+:L count = 0 z0rYzn?MR While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2"G9?)d9 GetOperation eID, count, op p? L%' If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then DujVV(+I DeleteOperation eID,count yzK<yvN count=count-1 }B'-*)^|e{ End If W+a/>U count=count+1 O5r8Ghf) Wend ]_(hUj._ op.Type = "ShiftZ" Md~SzrU op.val1 = taq-0.01 =x-7 Wy op.parent = parID _G'ki.[S7 AddOperation eID, op {`D]%eRO =;-C;gn:w Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam jVnTpa!A Q$ew.h 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description y!1X3X,V eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) MU$tX GetEntity eID, entity vCi`htm% entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" -u@ ^P7 SetEntity eID, entity <\epj=OclV =W7-;& Update |aLK_]! Print "DONE!" oZ*?Uh * h"ZIh= j@ End Sub Z5v_- +K 2vpQ"e- A 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: /V*SI!C<f ta{24{?M\ Accommodation = 4 Diopters "a2|WKpD Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ~u$cX1M Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 9KX% O-' Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 HK :K~h Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 RVAku Set lens thickness = 3.927 +#,J`fV% Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 )tBz=hy# Set pupil diameter = 4 :lXY% [!6P DONE!
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