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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 8cW]jm  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Pu}2%P)p  
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模型 ,NVQ C=  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 $osDw1C  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. -o=qYkyLK  
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光源 T@f$w/15  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 :]?I|.a  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 )kg^.tP  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 %"{SGp  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ! 5]/2  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 UF0PWpuO  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 QDLtilf :  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 6J-tcL*4"%  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 z!?xz  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 5Vf#(r f  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Z+FJ cvYx  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 yA =#Ji  
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分析 l2z@t3{  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 "){"{~  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 `BF+)fs  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. t 8|i>(O  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY O_*%_S}F&  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION [Vc8j&:L  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Qne@Vf kA  
    Dim A As Double <V>]-bl/  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double sA#}0>`3S  
    Dim eID As Long ]]V|[g&aJ  
    Dim parID As Long u{o3  
    Dim count As Integer /&_$+Iun  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double xo a1='  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double U]ynnw4  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double :[kfWai#(  
    Dim ok As Long YZMSiDv[e  
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    Sub Main _h6SW2:z!E  
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        '用户输入对话框 jEVDz  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 oIrO%v:'!  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 [0qe ?aI  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Q V)>+6\  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 _Dr9 w&;<  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 u5;;s@{Ye4  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ;G.5.q[A  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 |Bz1u|uc  
        End Dialog z{`K_s%5  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog +saXN6  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) Vdd HK  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed %D1 |0v8}  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 70Jx[3vr  
            End <-;/,uu  
        End If `i`+yh>pc#  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty @QteC@k  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then {ppzg`G\  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation K*I!:1;3N  
        Else mX 3p   
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Znr@-=xZO*  
        End If v|\3FEu@  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Co>e<be%S  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /| q .q  
        Else >Q $ph=  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) h4Wt oE>i  
        End If 5EU~T.4C<  
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        Print " " V'hb 4}@  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" A]Bf&+V  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" C RBj>  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation <qg4Rz\c]  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness m8@&-,T   
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens |Dt_lQp#  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens mG"xo^1_H  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens XNgcBSD  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens CP~mKmMV  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Kv<f< >|L  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction G54J'*Z  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation v3#,Z!  
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        '************************************************************************* c/Xg ARCO  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ;$W HTO(  
        '************************************************************************* ,jOJ\WXP  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 'IG@JL'  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity P#O2MiG  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) DmpT<SI+!  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z MjU|XQS:  
        count = 0 fqhL"Ah   
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l%T4:p4e  
            GetOperation eID, count, op p}^5ru  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then yVII<ImqIH  
                DeleteOperation eID,count E7t;p)x  
                count=count-1 T5 (|{-  
            End If CJ* D  
            count=count+1 @(Y!$><Is  
        Wend @^xtxtjzux  
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        'Set new shift in yEq7ueJ'  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7~SwNt,  
        op.val1 = taq x2rAB5r6  
        op.parent = parID 7Ml4u%?  
        AddOperation eID, op V&w2pp0  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 e"ehH#i  
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        '************************************************************************* Zge(UhZ  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens |M7cB$y  
        '************************************************************************* HwFX,?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) x;17}KV  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic }5-w,m{8/  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant D7;9D*o\  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant gv''A"  
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        '************************************************************************* xWxc1tT`  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Mf1(4F  
        '************************************************************************* TaN{xpo  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) z3Q&O$5\  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic wT4@X[5$  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost @1MnJP  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 7;s#QqG`I  
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        '************************************************************************* !y= R)k  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) iRzFA!wH  
        '************************************************************************* |_V(^b}  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) j*jUcD *  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) pk :P;\  
        count = 0 cCe~Ol XQ  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count AcC &Q:g  
            GetOperation eID, count, op " 8xAe0-4  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then i[o 2(d,  
                DeleteOperation eID,count zx3gz7>k;  
                count=count-1 Bqq=2lj  
            End If #c^V %  
            count=count+1 Y;"k5 + q  
        Wend CD$#}Id  
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        'Set new z-shift 0!T`.UMI  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" @^P^- B  
        op.val1 = tlens hF%M!otcJ-  
        op.parent = parID GJ+^t  
        AddOperation eID, op CSO'``16  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Q&} 0owe  
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        '************************************************************************* S+ kq1R  
        'Lens index of refraction =V^-@ji)b  
        '************************************************************************* 9)Fx;GxL  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) CMa6':~  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 2 !s&|lI  
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        mat.Nd = nlens ~}Xus?e  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat Yj %]|E-  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens z3o i(  
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        '************************************************************************* rE3dHJN;  
        'Pupil diameter *g/klK  
        '************************************************************************* (|gQ i{8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) p/.8})c1r  
    ;_o]$hV|  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole)  : T*Q2  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" bSB%hFp=Cp  
    }qNc `8h  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens oBzl=N3<  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "y1Iu   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) @~3--  
        count = 0 W(,j2pU  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )t6]F6!_  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 8>Cr6m   
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then zWHq4@K  
                DeleteOperation eID,count $l7^-SK`E  
                count=count-1 k3~9;Z  
            End If 0> f!S` *  
            count=count+1 IGlR,tw_/  
        Wend )!T~l(g  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" O'y8q[2KE  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 +v Bi7#&  
        op.parent = parID 5)[~ T2j!  
        AddOperation eID, op NYm"I`5w  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Ey6R/M)?:y  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ~+q1g[6  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  bGRt  
        GetEntity eID, entity K1& QAXyP  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" A1WUK=P  
        SetEntity eID, entity c}(WniR-"  
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        Update Cux(v8=n  
        Print "DONE!" @u~S!(7.Wi  
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    End Sub U1RU2M]v  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ;b~ S/   
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters )>volP  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ,:_c-d#  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 +y7z>Fwl  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 P7x;G5'.  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 eA!o#O.  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 %!aU{E|@_  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 *$f=`sj  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Kxe\H'rR  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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