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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 Wn&9R j  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 @`XbM7D 5  
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模型 *0x!C8*`Xe  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 qJ[wVNHh!  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. :eFyd`Syw  
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光源 py$i{v%  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 8 @r>`c  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 m O"Rq5  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。  `l  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 8i Ew;I_  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 JPpNCC.b  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ! q+>'Mt  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 2=$ F*B>9  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 vj"['6Xa  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: B-V   
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 E//*bmww  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 S"/gZfxer  
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分析 g_?bWm4br  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 u?KG%  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 n +dRAIqB  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Hnf?`j>  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY D!D}mPi[  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 4|NcWpaV7  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Ca0t}`<S  
    Dim A As Double 5K00z?kD2V  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Mm%b8#Fe!  
    Dim eID As Long `3.bux~  
    Dim parID As Long =<U'Jtu6'  
    Dim count As Integer \>+BvF  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double `!.c_%m2  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ihIRB9  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Tx/KL%X  
    Dim ok As Long kS_3 7-;  
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    Sub Main ~HXZ-*  
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        '用户输入对话框 }TU2o3Q  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 [H>/N7v19*  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Zk0?=f?j  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 <"`P;,S  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 N~B'gJJDx  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 %Z(lTvqG  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ]v.Yt/&C{  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 sJ|IW0Mr  
        End Dialog 2hT H  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Og kb N`  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) ^7C,GaDsn  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed RueL~$*6.~  
            Print "Execution cancelled." IO?6F@(  
            End ;\t(c  
        End If Dz+R Q`Vn  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty r'u[>uY  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then m ,TYF  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation dH0wVI<z  
        Else FBrJVaF  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) <nn!9V\C   
        End If @fSqGsSk  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then kk3G~o +  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter XwdehyPhT2  
        Else P87qUC  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) z#sSLE.$Z  
        End If Xr pnc 7  
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        Print " " 1PT0<C-  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" w~VqdB  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" _xU2C<)1&  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation wGnFDkCNz  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness WK6|e[iP  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 84ma X'  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 1(WNrVm;  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens h-[FUPfuw  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ,]-A~^|  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Hf$LWPL)lM  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction yn-TN_/Y,  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation _M7NL^B&  
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        '************************************************************************* ;yg9{"O  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Po82nKAh  
        '************************************************************************* n+uDg  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 4';(\42  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity o9uir"=  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `=cOTn52  
    ;]Bkw6 o  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 4PAuEM/z  
        count = 0 En/EQ\T@F  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Og~3eL[1%C  
            GetOperation eID, count, op  6,;7iA]  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then DnW*q/=w  
                DeleteOperation eID,count :0RfA%  
                count=count-1 Acib<Mi2!-  
            End If Vy[ m%sEP  
            count=count+1 I<ta2<h  
        Wend VVyms7 VN  
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        'Set new shift in YE\s<$  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^J Y]w^u  
        op.val1 = taq <v =T31aS  
        op.parent = parID J  4OgV?  
        AddOperation eID, op Z,jK(7D(  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 q k+(Ccl  
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        '************************************************************************* R s)Nz< d  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens q!P{a^Fnc  
        '************************************************************************* N^{+1u7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) V,CVMbn/%N  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic kX^Y{73  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 60 z =bd]  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant &.}Z j*BD  
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        '************************************************************************* 9c_h+XN?y  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens c={bunnz#  
        '************************************************************************* ^|1)6P}6  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ry%Fs&V*>  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ZBAtRs  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost u:0M,Ye  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Ev7fvz =  
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        '************************************************************************* {)8!>K%G  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ~Z#jIG<?g  
        '************************************************************************* b0_Ih6  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) o@&d d NO  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) N=oWIK<;-  
        count = 0 _v9P0W^.7  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count igD,|YSK`z  
            GetOperation eID, count, op \Y{^Q7!>:8  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tM$w0Cj  
                DeleteOperation eID,count )Q%hd|R  
                count=count-1 71# ipZ  
            End If GrB+Y!{{  
            count=count+1 *uq}jlD`!  
        Wend @m=xCg.Z  
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        'Set new z-shift v iJK%^U=-  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" /T_ G9zc  
        op.val1 = tlens /M1 /  
        op.parent = parID '!%Zf;Fjr  
        AddOperation eID, op x(Us O}  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 2/c^3[ccR  
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        '************************************************************************* 8JU9Qb]L'I  
        'Lens index of refraction [;F%6MPK^  
        '************************************************************************* =V@5W[bV  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) -$[o:dLO  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat i.e1?Zk1  
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        mat.Nd = nlens Z7X_U` Q  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat J AK+v  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens tX$ v)O|  
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        '************************************************************************* POtj6 ?a  
        'Pupil diameter  jx3J$5  
        '************************************************************************* <=D\Ckmb  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,p,$(V  
    O{^ET:K@  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 6Ch [!=p{  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;w/|5 ;{A;  
    |(Bc0sgw}  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ld-Cb 3R^  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5p.vo"7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) K|q5s]4I  
        count = 0   pE<@  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vCf{k  
            GetOperation eID, count, op =peodj^  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then vbo:,]T<A  
                DeleteOperation eID,count KkIxtFM  
                count=count-1 zJH#J=O  
            End If \lJCBb+k  
            count=count+1 "h-G=vo,kl  
        Wend s7A3CY]->  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" h&t/ L  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 DHUK_#!  
        op.parent = parID 5d7AE^SHsH  
        AddOperation eID, op ]Kutuf$t  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 56;^ NE4  
    Z#O )0ou  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description p f\ Ybbs  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) PJ-EQ6W  
        GetEntity eID, entity $Z{ap  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" k$kOp *X  
        SetEntity eID, entity ju jhK'\  
    )Vn(J#s  
        Update D#=$? {w  
        Print "DONE!" BwLggo  
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    End Sub D%=VhKq  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: -x~4@~  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters eHQS\n  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 0tL#-47  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 I%^Bl:M  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 \jkMnS6FvL  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Jv,*rQH  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 Y#VtZTcT  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 _~l*p"PL<  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 5f~49(v]  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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