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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 ~Wf&$p<|  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 &0+;E-_  
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模型 o.* 8$$  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 OpW4@le_r  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. mi`!'If0)  
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光源 &k+ jVymH  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ZQlja  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 #/=s74.b  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 S8(Y+jgk;a  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 | :7O  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 F%Oy4*4  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Ro\ U T64  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 (1Q G]1q  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 oM ey^]!  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: >d2U=Yk!  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 gkkT<hEV=  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 pe%$(%@v  
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分析 qrdA4S  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 :]]#X ~J  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 K3g<NC  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 9pF@#A9p  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY ^\"@r%|  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION }Zuk}Og9+  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL k4i*80  
    Dim A As Double $tm%=g^  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double fGtYvl O-5  
    Dim eID As Long rm}%C(C{J  
    Dim parID As Long (D5sJ$&E@\  
    Dim count As Integer MJ.K,e  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double qp##>c31X  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double .dwy+BzS  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double =%=lq0GF0  
    Dim ok As Long `xXpP"*o}  
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    Sub Main NB^+Hcb$  
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        '用户输入对话框 #lDW?  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 '73g~T%$^*  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 qdCcMcGt  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _GbwyfA n#  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 (/ qOY  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21  Gv(?u  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 3xX ^pjk  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 t@vVE{`  
        End Dialog ^!v{ >3  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog m+!T $$W  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) p!Xn iY  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed I6e[K(7NY  
            Print "Execution cancelled." UTS.o#d  
            End P P-U.  
        End If /?Y]wY  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ^B?brH}  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 4K(oOxc9.  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation =n ff;Xu  
        Else =kP|TR!o-  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) L/c`t7  
        End If uA[c$tBe  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Ly P Cc|  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter %'w?fqk  
        Else 5"9 '=LV~  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) +mRc8G  
        End If SVn $!t  
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        Print " " ,(3oAj\  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" mW=9WV  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 6an= C_Mb`  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ]4onY >  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness QV[#^1  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens yu}yON  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 1]a\uq}  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ]@!3os,CNF  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens BG8`B'i  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness _BoYy JQH  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction HX{K5+  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 9@8'*a{`m  
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        '************************************************************************* u7S C_3R  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) !u;gGgQF  
        '************************************************************************* f#McTC3C  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) sI MN""@Y^  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity >8|V[-H  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Dy*K;e-+  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z R*?!xDJ  
        count = 0 %~:@}C%A  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count n lZJ}xZ  
            GetOperation eID, count, op |\xTcS|d  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .X5A7 m  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ,$ Cr9R&/  
                count=count-1 "xNP"S  
            End If hW9U%-D  
            count=count+1 .Fx3WryF  
        Wend CzI s_/  
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        'Set new shift in ?zf3AZ9  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?Yx2q_KZk  
        op.val1 = taq ??P %.  
        op.parent = parID X3] [C  
        AddOperation eID, op gtIEpYN+  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 P @Fx6  
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        '************************************************************************* !K+hXQE1  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens u08j9) ,4  
        '************************************************************************* #guK&?Fye  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) E@6gTx*  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic A H=%6oT2  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant hgbf"J6V8  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant +_25E.>ml  
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        '************************************************************************* hi4-Z=pl  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens @ 'c(q=K;  
        '************************************************************************* s8'!1rHd  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _v(5vx_ {  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic &kn?=NW  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost K7C!ZXw~  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost VbTX;?  
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        '************************************************************************* !T2{xmHKv$  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) }gFa9M<  
        '************************************************************************* WncHgz  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) `z.sWF|f!O  
    +Z-{6C  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) LpI4R  
        count = 0 k<Xb< U  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count t=My=pG  
            GetOperation eID, count, op etUfdZ  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _/"e'@z  
                DeleteOperation eID,count P[$idRS&  
                count=count-1 Jr%F#/  
            End If q&O9W?E8dG  
            count=count+1 lxbC 7?O  
        Wend ]Nw ]po+  
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        'Set new z-shift 4E}Q<?UYSt  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" NH:Bdl3  
        op.val1 = tlens ,\1Rf.  
        op.parent = parID ~p:hqi1+<+  
        AddOperation eID, op ~IPATG  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens qsN_EMgbdn  
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        '************************************************************************* lp5'-Jo  
        'Lens index of refraction 6' \M:'<0e  
        '************************************************************************* T~SkFZ  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 9eE FX7  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat %&lwp  
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        mat.Nd = nlens \}<J>R@  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat /QCg E ~  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens y5D3zqCG  
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        '************************************************************************* \{Je!#  
        'Pupil diameter EG_P^ <z  
        '************************************************************************* &uV|Ie8@q  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) G=CP17&h6  
    \<y|[  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Q84XmXm|  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 7 4(bo \  
    e(OKE7  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens y]!mN  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B{S^t\T$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) B[f:T%  
        count = 0 OMab!  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ]C|xo.=?]  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 8Bxb~*  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then M?n}{0E4  
                DeleteOperation eID,count -:Juxh  
                count=count-1 &4M,)Q (  
            End If [s%uE+``S  
            count=count+1 $z5C+K@  
        Wend EIg:@o&Jj  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" q'Y)Y(d  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 iRv \:.aQ.  
        op.parent = parID 3XUsw1,[  
        AddOperation eID, op _PP-'^ U  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam : D !/.0  
    0Yr-Q;O<f  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 3Ea/)EB]  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) nv: VX{%  
        GetEntity eID, entity ag!q:6&  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" =}F$r5]  
        SetEntity eID, entity WtMDHfwqu\  
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        Update `mN5sq  
        Print "DONE!" .bRDz:?j  
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    End Sub 1%N[DA^<\  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: rp!{QG  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters "z{ rC}  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm QnIF{TS=  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 >WY\P4)k  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 x J\>;$CY  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 *p^*>~i9)  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927  U%tpNWB  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 6CNxb  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 M#SGZ~=1r  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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