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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 4{?x(~ H5AY6), 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 L$xRn/\ (wfg84 模型 dF,FH- r &[~/m8zl 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 a#IJ<^[8 Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] )yP>}ME g)9/z 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. f+6l0@K2 ;x#>J +QlG 光源 m&q;.|W fUL"fMoU 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 =<05PB $ZU(bEUOG [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 jveRiW@ %awS* 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 *LRGfk+h q T].,? 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ASvPr*q/ [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 IMZKlU3 taQ[>x7b [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 ge[i&,.&z + LwoBn>6 视网膜的散射 >D<=9G(a =;H'~ 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 }'W^Ki$ Pb,^UFa= [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 "{_"NjH 1Tq$ E[ 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 q,DX{: $D5U# [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 ry
?2 o! SDIeq 脚本 AG7}$O. ?C:fP`j: 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: F4x7;?W{* [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 C]fTV{ [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 Q*.FUV&; ]eW|}V7A: 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 wIF
":' 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 F9\Ot^~ Wu( 8G 分析 $O'2oeM lrhAO"/1
屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 j>xVy]v= | [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 jtv Q<4 %g&,]=W\N 脚本代码 A#X.c= $>=Nb~t!/
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. es[5B* 5
zD^f%p ["# Dim entity As T_ENTITY N[bN"'U/1 Dim op As T_OPERATION dyzwJ70K Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 41o!2(e$ Dim A As Double >iH).:j Dim pupilDiam As Double 1bg@[YN!; Dim eID As Long tR*W-% Dim parID As Long NP`s[ Dim count As Integer cqY.^f. Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double -]\E}Ti Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3:joSQa Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ]HV~xD7\ Dim ok As Long MLBg_< mN{ajf)@ Sub Main yvWzc
uL# `B\KS*Gya# '用户输入对话框 =6<w'> Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 I"sobZ` TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 xdfvme[ Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 &]6K]sWJK{ OKButton 40,91,90,21 -ouJf}#R CancelButton 190,91,90,21 #IaBl?}r^ Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 3Ge <G TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 >|/? Up End Dialog @MZ6E$I Dim dlg As UserDialog 1LE^dS^V b?] S&)"9 ok = Dialog (dlg) xrVZxK:! (U'7Fc If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed Da8$Is;n Print "Execution cancelled." p
(xD/E End y'!p>/%v End If /-{O\7-D P}+|`>L 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty CESe}^)n If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then nUud?F^_ A = 0 'Default accommodation .l( r8qY# Else !|<f%UO A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) GQ-e$D@SfB End If :qCm71* I0l.KiBm If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then DA MpR3 pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter lv\F+?]a Else p=-B~: pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) h`EH~ W0:z End If 9(^X2L&Z eW"x%|/Q7 Print " " R!/,E Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" &Qq/Xi,bZ Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" SEQO2`]e: [Yx-l;78 ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation =>:% n taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness @%G' U&R{ @8M'<tr<z Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens F@_Egi CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens D)*_{
h2/dhp Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens }uvKE|umj CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens f`u5\!}=! Pzk[^z$C tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness dWW-tHv# "lU]tIpCu nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction r\l3_t kol,Qs 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ,WO%L~db VRd:2uDS '************************************************************************* C NzSBm 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) >uyeI&z '************************************************************************* 5&n988gC8 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (EOec5qXU GetCustomElement eID, entity c?p0#3%L# %/tGkS6 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) u,Q_WR-wJ s]F?=yEp ' Delete any shift(s) in z 5S|}:~7T count = 0 , `[Z`SUk` While GetOperationCount(eID)>count bG5^h GetOperation eID, count, op mJGO)u& If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (sV]UGrZ DeleteOperation eID,count SgCqxFii count=count-1 7zJrT5 End If ]|C_`,ux count=count+1 k Z+ q Wend 6:|!1Pg5 FhY{;-W(T 'Set new shift in ,yHzo op.Type = "ShiftZ" fR]p+\#8u* op.val1 = taq i_[
HcgT- op.parent = parID DJ1XNpm AddOperation eID, op 3xmiX{1e Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 (opROsFh ;I!+lx3[ '************************************************************************* ="5k\1W1M 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ny!lja5[ '************************************************************************* fB;&n eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) d{iu+=NXz GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic a<57(Sf ; d, JN SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 7X9+Qj; Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `G"|MM>P Xmf '************************************************************************* oglXW8 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Hl^aUp.c '************************************************************************* RlI
W&y eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) x"(7t3xK GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic b[J-ja.
g^s+C Z SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost p<of<YU) Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost AI^AK0.L q;~R:}?@ '************************************************************************* tl{]gz 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) "J]f0m= '************************************************************************* "jl1.Ah \S=XIf parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) m+D2hK* \b_-mnN" ' Delete any z-shift(s) ~&wXXVK3 count = 0 FSW3' While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +?URVp GetOperation eID, count, op 4&FNU)tt If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then i;[h
9=\/ DeleteOperation eID,count ]yyU)V0Iu count=count-1 ?Ia4H End If X0^zw^2W count=count+1 g>6:CG" Wend 3gxf~$)? .K $p`WQ{ 'Set new z-shift J>f
/u:. op.Type = "ShiftZ" *)j@G: op.val1 = tlens 4u3 \xR?w6 op.parent = parID v
t^r1j AddOperation eID, op tpv?`(DDU Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens >[Xm|A# pu\b`3C( '************************************************************************* |x1$b7 'Lens index of refraction fl!mYCPv '************************************************************************* 7ZF}0K$^B eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) }U2[? GetModelMaterial eID, mat &tlR~?$e* I?f"<5[0 mat.Nd = nlens 1zdYBb6;j SetModelMaterial eID, mat `^O'V}T Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens rDpe_varA Zr\2BOcc.l '************************************************************************* 3cmbK 'Pupil diameter re7!p(W?, '************************************************************************* R!sNg eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) <2n'}&F j FgZ}Xp 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @) +ckMT3 SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" z
VnIr<!8_ MNkKy(Za ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens \U==f&G?J parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) xg(<oDn+\ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) B#J{ F count = 0 BfX%|CWh While GetOperationCount(eID)>count UP\8w#~ GetOperation eID, count, op P1dN32H
o If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lTn;3' DeleteOperation eID,count )$MS
0[? count=count-1 g<M0|eX@~ End If #N; $ count=count+1 .=?Sz*3 Wend
*hV4[= op.Type = "ShiftZ" HTxB=Q| op.val1 = taq-0.01 #X4LLS]VV op.parent = parID 0rV/qMo;K AddOperation eID, op k"t>He A3xbT\xdg Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam {PL,VY)Z &q.)2o#Q. 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 3QH(4N eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3)dP7rmZ GetEntity eID, entity )sqaR^ entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" [70Y,,w SetEntity eID, entity r~I.F!{ g .3f2w Update P;jlHZ 9?O Print "DONE!" :g&>D#{ Nc,*hsx' End Sub yj>){NcX !5NGlqEF# 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: l+oDq'[q" 'wa g |- Accommodation = 4 Diopters *`%4loW Pupil Diameter = 4 mm <Uf|PFVj$ Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 dZF8R Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 9-B@GFB;8 Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 gEE9/\>%- Set lens thickness = 3.927 eVTO#R*'| Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 "X`Qe!zk4 Set pupil diameter = 4 cY{I:MA+h@ DONE!
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