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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 9J/[7TzSZ  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 jL-2 }XrA  
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模型 )K[\j?   
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ==Egy:<:Q  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. N**)8(  
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光源 q8P&rMwy  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 UOb` @#  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 w=#'8ZuU  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 P")I)> Q6  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ,ayEZ#4.m  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 <&m50pq  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 v,iZnANZ&P  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 lU doMm  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 ^2- <XD)  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: q;,lv3I  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 " AUSgVE+h  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 t.8r~2(?  
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分析 S46aUkW.  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Tc(=J7*r&  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 P7F"#R0QB  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 2 `>a(  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY cTGd<  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION {A/^;X{N^  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n725hY6}<l  
    Dim A As Double bg Ux&3  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double b7>'ARdbzX  
    Dim eID As Long ['o ueOg  
    Dim parID As Long {R ),7U8  
    Dim count As Integer T [$-])iK  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Ms|c" ?se  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double \Wfw\x0.  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ,40OCd!  
    Dim ok As Long 0o+Yjg>\~8  
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    Sub Main ^Oi L&p;r  
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        '用户输入对话框 B,\VLX  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 0S4BV%7F  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Wa|V~PL+T  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ~uc7R/3ss  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ~Fuq{e9`  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 O?X[&t  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ^i%S}VK  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 gbuh04#~  
        End Dialog h&i*=&<HP6  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 5(H%Ia  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) j4owo#OB-  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed \Sd8PGl*'  
            Print "Execution cancelled." nq{/fD(2  
            End 8)0]cX  
        End If ?z1v_Jh  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty N; }$!sNIm  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then !uGfS' Vl  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation W q<t+E[  
        Else fF)Q;~_VA  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 6&x\!+]F8  
        End If tkctwjD  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then V#oz~GMB  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter c;kU|_  
        Else Z oXz@/T  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) AU\=n,K7  
        End If Bg]VaTm[=  
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        Print " " 7z$Z=cs  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" R@K\   
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm"  _BP%@o  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation M>i(p%  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness :C_/K(Rkl  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens <2)AbI+3  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens zgGysjV  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens T!H(Y4A  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 3wv@wqx  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness */e$S[5  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 9:{<:1?  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation tKt}]KHV  
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        '************************************************************************* `&A`&-nc=  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) $jMA(e`Ye0  
        '*************************************************************************  ]ltCJq  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) <~dfp  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity +DRt2a #  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [k$GUU,jY  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z KF'fg R  
        count = 0 qefp3&ls  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Z@euO~e~  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 'aEK{#en  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0Ye/  
                DeleteOperation eID,count XdJD"|,h  
                count=count-1 C?|sQcCE  
            End If C)U4Fr ?E:  
            count=count+1 ,&,%B|gT]  
        Wend h^(U:M=A  
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        'Set new shift in ) r.Wge  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6{5T^^x?<  
        op.val1 = taq cI[i v  
        op.parent = parID 9C \}bT  
        AddOperation eID, op Yuv=<V  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 C+/EPPi  
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        '************************************************************************* GgE g(AT  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens <*J"6x  
        '************************************************************************* P.>fkO1\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -Cvd3%Jje  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ky|kg@n{  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant #om Gj&  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant bDDP:INm.  
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        '************************************************************************* J ?{sTj"KB  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens fP<== DK  
        '************************************************************************* OF*E1B M  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) +On2R&m  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7d.H 8C2  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost z2V ->UK)  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ozsd6&z5l  
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        '************************************************************************* z@UH[>^gj  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) n5"i'o{w  
        '************************************************************************* " :e <a?  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Fdl0V:<  
    @B0fRG y  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 5q4wREh  
        count = 0 ~Q"qz<WO  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count rui 8x4c  
            GetOperation eID, count, op EiD41N  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then MX*4d{l  
                DeleteOperation eID,count I.t)sf,  
                count=count-1 r!w4Br0  
            End If a:P+HU:  
            count=count+1 [GCaRk>b,  
        Wend iaMl>ua  
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        'Set new z-shift `!X8Cn  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y, Lpv|  
        op.val1 = tlens _$A?  
        op.parent = parID D Q4O  
        AddOperation eID, op SIM> Lz  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens bfb9A+]3'  
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        '************************************************************************* ~d<&OL  
        'Lens index of refraction yEB#*}K?  
        '************************************************************************* i%i s<'  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) uYO$gRem  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat >`WQxkpy  
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        mat.Nd = nlens guCCu2OTA%  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat LCXWpU j~  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Le-t<6i-V#  
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        '************************************************************************* /^K-tz-R  
        'Pupil diameter L09r|g4Z  
        '************************************************************************* wk?i\vm  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) >} Mw"   
    _^?_Vb  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) |BtFT  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ,<7HLV  
    #xR=U"  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens @G>e Cj  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  !Qsjn  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ;*Mr(#R  
        count = 0 W3('1  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  `uDOIl  
            GetOperation eID, count, op @}r s6 G  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then DoBQ$Ke p  
                DeleteOperation eID,count xqDz*V/mD  
                count=count-1 ^\S~rW.3_  
            End If %b h: c5  
            count=count+1 S6JWsi4C:,  
        Wend P=P']\`p+  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" .f[z_% ar  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Rw63{b/  
        op.parent = parID Wj)v,v2&  
        AddOperation eID, op _9=cxwi<w  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam $E8}||d  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description F *U.cJ%  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ;i [;%  
        GetEntity eID, entity lN"@5(5%  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" p? w^|V  
        SetEntity eID, entity g%)cyri  
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        Update ZBH^0  
        Print "DONE!" EZp >Cf7  
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    End Sub JCB3 BZg7&  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: s`yg?CR`,  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ]X X>h~0  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm mtLiS3Nk8  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Hkf]=kPy*  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ^%\MOjSN  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 5]kv1nQ  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 n b*`GE  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 {g4w[F!77  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 #Hl?R5  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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