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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 0U~*uDU PW82
Vp. 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 rzs-c ? CW2)1%1iz 模型 e^'|<0J PQp =bX, 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 K:^0*5Y-k Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] \Hdsy="Dnh ~GcWG4 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. &36SX<vZ XDHi4i47`o 光源 )_1 GPS )XHn.>]nc 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 }8POm# ~>HzAo9e [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 0)M8Tm0$ s<rV1D 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 ,ryL("G Le:(;:eL>t 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 h[&"KA [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 TDUY& 1[ +V Nk#Z i [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 yYaoA/0 !=A;?Kdq 视网膜的散射 ZPyzx\6\ mBE&>}G< 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 wYg!H>5 z~ywFk}KGd [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 (0B?OkQ hHGuD2% 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 Zk`yd8C tc<uS%XT4^ [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 AYgXqmH~+ #c5jCy}n 脚本 R(`:~@3\6 993f6 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: '3Lu_]I- [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 wD=]U@t`, [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 /("7*W 2 K)BQ0v.:[ 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 i'7+
?YL 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Qr9;CVW t*=[RS* 分析 BBRL_6 Xv|=RNz 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ~Ix2O [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 +.Ij%S[Px5 3iIy_nWC 脚本代码 XTo7fbW* }Nsdk',}
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. #3QPcoxa
IQRuqp KL Dim entity As T_ENTITY Jsysk $R Dim op As T_OPERATION z@i4 Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL d<6F'F^w.7 Dim A As Double 5$:
toL Dim pupilDiam As Double
&cSVOsi Dim eID As Long ?9kC[4G Dim parID As Long 3o%vV* Dim count As Integer H*'1bLzq Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 80Dn!9j* Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double M'PZ{6; Dim curv As Double, conic As Double R7kkth Dim ok As Long RZzHlZ du66a+@t Sub Main +cfEyiub `8ac;b '用户输入对话框 N)H "'#- Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ];OvV ,* TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 d )O^(y1r Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |QDoi[
* OKButton 40,91,90,21 x9vSekV CancelButton 190,91,90,21 [OW <<6 Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 sD:o
2(G* TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 x#J9GP. End Dialog #wI}93E Dim dlg As UserDialog
u]P| 9{*{Ba ok = Dialog (dlg) wlT8| >u?.gJm ~ If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed rm8Ys61\= Print "Execution cancelled." `RL
Wr,h End iT>u&0B- End If mG jB{Q+ ; :P4~R 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty H~a
~'tm If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then C#kE{Qw10r A = 0 'Default accommodation ]YgR Else
s;BMj^x A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) p~ b4TRvA6 End If |9#q7kM tk&AZb,sP If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then w+g29 pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter eV[{c %wN: Else C/e.BXA pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) g2vm]j End If 3iCe5VF QK]P=pE'C Print " " {821e&r Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" P`biHs8O Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" srVWN:uuH LwC?t3n ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation q)?%END taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness uUI#^ A FDMQLx f Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens V<QpC5 CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens :_8K8Sa g\q . Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens |_;kQ(, CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens _:r8UVAT. (a[BvJf tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness ]9oj,k /5NWV#- nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction 7=P)` @ JW
D`} 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation T
lXS}5^ %xkuW]xk '************************************************************************* aTvyzr1 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) )Te\6qM '************************************************************************* <Wn~s= eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 8<VDp Y GetCustomElement eID, entity |! 9~ S7+>Mk parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) imM!Me 0TE ht-'O"d: ' Delete any shift(s) in z *~PB count = 0 2*cNd}qr While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -wn-PB@r GetOperation eID, count, op iJ{axa & If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then PaTOlHr DeleteOperation eID,count 0~nX7 count=count-1 lQIg0G/3 End If 7P$*qj~Vh count=count+1 o,i_py Wend Ku[q#_7 [G_ ;78 'Set new shift in fzJiW@-T op.Type = "ShiftZ" b 8@}Jv op.val1 = taq z
0?Me H# op.parent = parID +3))G AddOperation eID, op K_MEd1l Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 lMgguu~qg WL+EpNKSf '************************************************************************* dpW`e>o 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens
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7 '************************************************************************* >)4~,-;k eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) r*{.|>me GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic R~=c1bpdq Mc?_2<u- SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant /[/L%;a'p Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant dw6ysOR@ ,zjz "7' '************************************************************************* Sstz_t 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 3ML^ dZ' '************************************************************************* -o/Vp>_UOE eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) nKE^km GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic f#c}}>V8 IR"C? SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost H ezbCwsx& Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Yv1yRoDv Q%6zr9 '************************************************************************* >_Tyzl>z 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) |K.I%B '************************************************************************* !~zn*Hm %|4Kak]:Q parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 'z91aNG] O}C*weU ' Delete any z-shift(s) 13@emb count = 0 =o~mZ/ 7=M While GetOperationCount(eID)>count TTO8tT3[6} GetOperation eID, count, op +184|nJ<2 If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then KEy8EB DeleteOperation eID,count K7s[Fa6J count=count-1 o5]-Kuw` End If SEnr"} count=count+1 y:E$n! Wend gR/?MJ(v yFm88 'Set new z-shift k/F#-},Q. op.Type = "ShiftZ" BuvnY op.val1 = tlens [VX5r1-F op.parent = parID otaRA AddOperation eID, op +6: Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens a,fcKe&B 0[H/>%3O '************************************************************************* 5ms]Wbh) 'Lens index of refraction F(j;|okf; '************************************************************************* 9y[U\[H eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) BJ_"FG GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1Y"9<ry ydVDjE
Y mat.Nd = nlens SWtqp(h]' SetModelMaterial eID, mat ;0|:.q Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens vMY!Z1.* {^Q,G x( '************************************************************************* tW!*W? 'Pupil diameter O=LW[h! '************************************************************************* ml2/}} eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) W$7H "tg 97HI9R 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) u-jV@Tz Ne;0fkO SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" X!{K`~DRX "1\GU1x ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens HS*Y%* parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }T PyHq" eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) EhKG"Lb+ count = 0 VL5VYv=: While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eU)QoVt GetOperation eID, count, op #""T>+ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?x 0gI
DeleteOperation eID,count tZx}/&m- count=count-1 ?v:FGO End If PZ#up{[o count=count+1 LRaO}-<b Wend V^!^wLLi op.Type = "ShiftZ" |Y6;8e`H op.val1 = taq-0.01 "*`!.9pt op.parent = parID '.N}oL<gP AddOperation eID, op a*}>yad 1=T;6 8B Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam x|AND]^Q MSBrI3MqQ 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description KSS]% 66Y eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y~!A"$ GetEntity eID, entity wKpb%3 entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" pd`m//G SetEntity eID, entity 2yFT` 5+H4 G=gU|& ( Update uzmYkBv Print "DONE!" f.%3G+ 2wPc
yD End Sub _cC!rq U1 Q`.q,T8I 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: D
vU1+y q$b4S4Z7 Accommodation = 4 Diopters /ece}7M Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 3 G<4rH] Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4Z=`; Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 z Fj |E Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Q}l~n)= Set lens thickness = 3.927 rH,@"(p\ Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 `:EhYj. Set pupil diameter = 4 (C
uM*- DONE!
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