首页 -> 登录 -> 注册 -> 回复主题 -> 发表主题
光行天下 -> 讯技光电&黉论教育 -> Arizona眼睛模型 [点此返回论坛查看本帖完整版本] [打印本页]

infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 []Z| *+=Q  
1*x4T%RF$  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ;61m  
t747SZWgB  
模型 +G_6Ek4  
/j' We-C  
模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 8[FC  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
[attachment=111140]
#1zWzt|DW  
!+M H?A  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. uu>[WFh  
I#Tl  
光源 79%${ajSI  
ii*Ty!Sa  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 {-S0m=  
A?;/]m;  
[attachment=111141]
图1. 光源和提示信息使用
,7M9f  
Y#6@0Nn[G  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 I01On>"@7  
@/JGC%!  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 {F k]X#j  
[attachment=111142]
图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 |U^ ff^]  
){>;eky  
[attachment=111143]
图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
`>8|  
?k_=?m  
视网膜的散射 Q$,8yTM  
M14_w,  
在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 }M|  
Sjr(e}*  
[attachment=111144]
图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
mc(&'U8R0I  
oT|E\wj  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 VUF7-C*  
;gm){ g  
[attachment=111145]
图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
3 XfXMVm  
z4-AOTo2y  
脚本 >uOc#+5M.  
m2|0<P@k!  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ^s5.jlZr@  
[attachment=111146]
图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
v:6b&wS L3  
[attachment=111147]
图7. 用户对话框编辑器
wKY6[vvF  
iMp)g%Ng  
如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 \Y!Z3CK  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 t41cl  
x2ol   
分析 +]]wf'w  
%q*U[vv  
屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 g>im2AD+e  
[attachment=111148]
图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
F'j:\F6C;  
>; W)tc,  
脚本代码 :za!!^  
6!"15dPN  
  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. uEi!P2zN  
    +&?VA!}.  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY N'`*#UI+  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION bY>o%LL-  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 6PMu;#  
    Dim A As Double <01B\t7  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Y*}Sq|y  
    Dim eID As Long <m(nZ'Zqz2  
    Dim parID As Long 56bB~ =c  
    Dim count As Integer |\_O8=B%  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 2hu6  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 2#!$f_  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double M}5C;E*  
    Dim ok As Long 9M7P]$^  
    bm+ Mr  
    Sub Main v%FVz  
    _?r+SRFn  
        '用户输入对话框 }]s~L9_z['  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 UJm`GO  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 16 Xwtn72  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 KcU,RTE  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 nu3 A'E`'k  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 uyA9`~p=#  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 NFSPw` f  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 q(r2\  
        End Dialog 8EE7mEmLH  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Ci*5E$+\  
    x9ws@=[:  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) & aLR'*]6  
    T5Fah#-4  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed xxiLi46/  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ;dWqMnV  
            End ld?M,Qd  
        End If |-|BM'Y  
    7uDUZdJy  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty YW}/C wB  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then -12v/an]L7  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation aH$~':[93  
        Else M)xK+f2_[  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) PT4`1Oy}/1  
        End If 9BY b{<0tS  
    g<C})84y3  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then kU Flp  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter +\ySx^vi  
        Else vLke,MKW  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) a@a1/ 3  
        End If "L)pH@)  
    ?~K2&eo  
        Print " " Rk=B;  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" VO`A  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" %qQ(@TG  
    S3<v?tqLr  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation =,'Z6?%p  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness a9I8W Q   
    d;^?6V  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens O92Yd$S  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ?4Lo"igAA  
    + ND9###  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 3q>"#+R.t  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens tWiV0PTI  
    H5AY6),  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness e>^R 8qM?  
    ~V&ReW/  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction @CmxH(-i-  
    $!f$R`R^Q\  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation E)P1`X  
    kC0!`$<2f)  
        '************************************************************************* o7+/v70D  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) -0`hJ_(  
        '************************************************************************* GCKl [<9*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) A-io-P7qyj  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity hF~B&^dd.  
    f3>/6 C  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _:L*{=N  
    6bGD8 ;  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z {P-PH$ E-  
        count = 0 Kq$Zyf=E  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <@A^C$g  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Lk9>7xY  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .%rR  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ttnXEF  
                count=count-1 CA4-&O"  
            End If .;2!c'mT9  
            count=count+1 I/aAx.q  
        Wend bwJi[xF  
    v#|c.<].  
        'Set new shift in aK{\8L3]  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1aE/_  
        op.val1 = taq XV>6;!=E  
        op.parent = parID !iVFzG @m  
        AddOperation eID, op pJz8e&wyLM  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 I[UA' ~f  
    8ilbX)O  
        '************************************************************************* fhmr*E'J  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens F47n_JV!d  
        '************************************************************************* Z?.*.<"Sj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) =T)2wcXBB  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic M 9#QS`G  
    |S{P`)z%f  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant <k](s  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 3 ms/v:\  
    _6!/}Fm  
        '************************************************************************* {1aAm+  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens R3n&o%$*  
        '************************************************************************* <o+ 7U  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) e<4z)  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic a*j <TR  
    %g&,]=W\N  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost h50StZ8Yr  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost $>=Nb~t!/  
    EcoUpiL%2  
        '************************************************************************* zD^f%p ["#  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) e:LZs0  
        '************************************************************************* Iv72;ZCh?6  
    #2jn4>  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) {@5WeWlz~  
    nn L$m_K~  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) _[i=TqVmf  
        count = 0 `E=rh3 L0o  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;jU-<  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 93IOG{OAY  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lE)rRG+JLW  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Cz r4 -#2  
                count=count-1 _(`X .D  
            End If `u~  
            count=count+1 s2?,'es  
        Wend +){a[@S@x  
    9]@J*A}=l  
        'Set new z-shift ;"Y;l=9_  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" v^W?o}W  
        op.val1 = tlens #)A?PO2  
        op.parent = parID p@8krOo`  
        AddOperation eID, op NzAtdcwR  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 3Ge<G  
    >|/ ? Up  
        '************************************************************************* @MZ6E$I  
        'Lens index of refraction U.Chf9a -  
        '************************************************************************* [gkRXP[DGs  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) xrVZxK:!  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat RO$ @>vL  
    Da8$Is;n  
        mat.Nd = nlens Z#Zzi5<  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat Z"~6yF  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ?PE1aB+{:  
    ONN{4&7@<  
        '************************************************************************* ).+xcv   
        'Pupil diameter m0A@jWgd  
        '************************************************************************* b6!Q!:GO&  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) *KjVPs  
    [> &+*c  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) |t65# 1  
    I"cQ5gF?A  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Ec*--]j*c  
    ay:\P.`5)  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens E8iadf49  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) bpF@}#fT  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 0^!,[oh6*  
        count = 0 O5TK&j  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vQBY1-S  
            GetOperation eID, count, op W}R=  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /2_B$  
                DeleteOperation eID,count }U?gKlLg  
                count=count-1 8 g# Y  
            End If N}+B:l]Qy  
            count=count+1 SJ@8[n.x  
        Wend n$hqNsM  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" -Ty<9(~S  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 h2/dhp  
        op.parent = parID Ng."+&  
        AddOperation eID, op f`u5\!}=!  
    f^6&Fb>  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 2yJ7]+Jd7Y  
    A| gs Uh  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description r\l3_t  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dEQReD  
        GetEntity eID, entity ,WO%L~db  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" f $.\o  
        SetEntity eID, entity C NzSBm  
    *%Nns',  
        Update 5&n988g C8  
        Print "DONE!" 4uO @`0:x  
    ^Kw&=u  
    End Sub |~/3u/  
    x;ERRK  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: pu2wEQ  
    vGPf`2/j.  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters |i} +t  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm =e-a&Ep-z  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 taWirq d9  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 -~( 0O  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 D y`W5_xSz  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 RR~sEUCo{  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ;Xfd1    
    Set pupil diameter = 4 0,1L e$)6  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
太赞了,终于看到完整的文档
查看本帖完整版本: [-- Arizona眼睛模型 --] [-- top --]

Copyright © 2005-2025 光行天下 蜀ICP备06003254号-1 网站统计