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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 |[n-H;0 ^~Nz8PCY 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ',k0_n?t rMIr&T 模型 bj4cW\b( _sIhQ8$: 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 h(!x&kZq. Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] } 5i0R .a\b_[+W 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. w(pLU$6X DytH} U" 光源 M7BCBA &/*XA 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 rmmN2+H p_S8m|% [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 hW[/{2<@ WbC|2! 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 mMm_=cfv =8S*t5 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 pASNiH698 [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 &gxRw l .C(Ir [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 w!o[pvyR$ %7 h_D 视网膜的散射 Ijq1ns_tx8 'F3Xb 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 k"F5'Od YIo$ [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 ~F?s\kp6 #UL:#pY 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 AFO g*{1 x'_I{$C& [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 &1Dq3%$c pUx~ 脚本 Lbk?( TL {vh}f+2 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 4d3]L`
f [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 <4SY'-w [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 j#d=V@=a vcs=!Ace 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ($EA/|z 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 HbQ `b VqqI%[!Aw 分析 i:W.,w%8 $j*%}x~[ 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 xayo{l=uGv [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 )*@n G$i99 !Kr|04Qp#x 脚本代码 asqbLtQ p\OUx Am
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. [sJ f)<
f tW- Dim entity As T_ENTITY 4b]/2H Dim op As T_OPERATION i356m9j Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL JVbR5"+. Dim A As Double /NfuR$oMd Dim pupilDiam As Double h`n,:Y^++P Dim eID As Long mxk :P Dim parID As Long 9qS~-'&q# Dim count As Integer N>##}i Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Zg1=g_xY Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double FrBoE# Dim curv As Double, conic As Double eMyh&@7(F Dim ok As Long &}:'YK*X -;1'{v Sub Main $sK8l=# x01 n '用户输入对话框 vAWJP_ ;J Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 g
bDre~| TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ]OIB;h;3 Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 tKOTQ8i4 OKButton 40,91,90,21 3)\jUVuj CancelButton 190,91,90,21 G"P@AOw Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 . 4E5{F{~ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Ji4xor End Dialog 5{nERKaPf Dim dlg As UserDialog ~+w'b7T,= ?O3E.!Q| ok = Dialog (dlg) )H@"S]?7i" )D'SfNx#{ If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed "ee:Z_Sz Print "Execution cancelled." zOJ4I^^ End &Omo\Oq&W> End If 3cfJ(%'X _8x:%$ 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 3!E*h0$} If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then `{w.OK A = 0 'Default accommodation -PX Rd)~ Else "Bl]_YPv A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) n;&08M5an} End If .*\TG/x 9e|-sn If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then N{oi }i6 pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter 32h}+fd Else *IBT!@*Q& pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 2I'gT$h End If *_feD+rq eS(hLXE!7 Print " " WUOoK$I~K Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" S,ZlS<Z# Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" #r5IwyL NGQBOV ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation qe. Qjq taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness ^h wF= #snwRW>=[ Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens aumWU{j= CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens dH]0(aJ bY`
b3 Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens D{'>G@nLQ CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens WX.6| `^FAD tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness NTq#'O) f wJ.?u]f@ nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction =QdHji/sB +yC ]f
b 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation e!V3 /*F >O0z+tj '************************************************************************* 2rxZN\gyL 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) =AaTn::e/ '************************************************************************* sKE7U>mz| eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !97U2L4 GetCustomElement eID, entity |#OMrP+oi )|52B;yZx parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) W^U6O&-K
Ltk'` ' Delete any shift(s) in z {T;A50 count = 0 96a2G,c>V While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 6f=,$:S$ GetOperation eID, count, op :vsBobiJ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^wnlZ09J DeleteOperation eID,count AQ}(v,DOb count=count-1 gc5u@(P" End If vI84=n count=count+1 MxXf.iX& Wend |4E5x9J U2hPsF4f 'Set new shift in 4?eO1=a op.Type = "ShiftZ" YJ6y]r
K2, op.val1 = taq m!'moumL; op.parent = parID aL)}S%5o? AddOperation eID, op oc|%|pmRd< Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 %R|_o<(#MJ v@xbur\L '************************************************************************* )># Y,/q 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens v8{ jEAK '************************************************************************* !'
} eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ~ShoU
m[ GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic c@|!0
U%j MC'2;, SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant {pWb*~!k Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant n0\k(@+k A'zXbp:% '************************************************************************* /
5\gP//9K 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens #
dA-dN '************************************************************************* rT#2'-f eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _VjfjA<c8 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >$/<~j] 5YV3pFz$) SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost AhyV Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost "e-RV
og?>Q i Tr '************************************************************************* `F(ghC 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) nO\c4#ce '************************************************************************* vC
[uEx: ^ ,cwm:B@ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ?'8(']/
/N8>>g ' Delete any z-shift(s) m)1+D"z count = 0 RV_(T+ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count id?B<OM GetOperation eID, count, op xwJ.cy If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then nOQvBc DeleteOperation eID,count 6OPYq*| count=count-1 RxB9c(s^@ End If O;6am++M@ count=count+1 lP;X=X> Wend !7>~=n_,L. +
FG Xx 'Set new z-shift /@O$jlX5I op.Type = "ShiftZ" `Ei:Z%@7C op.val1 = tlens ?l/+*/AR; op.parent = parID R^f-j-$o] AddOperation eID, op *RllKP Y) Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens (X?et
& Q~-M B]' '************************************************************************* EG#mNpxE 'Lens index of refraction INF}~DN] '************************************************************************* T$pBgS> eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) &<Iz?AVr GetModelMaterial eID, mat }1BpIqee q_b,3Tp mat.Nd = nlens o/\f+iz7 SetModelMaterial eID, mat cKe{ ]a Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens grZ?F~P8 u}(K3H3 '************************************************************************* V+>.Gf 'Pupil diameter N#&/d nV '************************************************************************* ;hZ^zL eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) N6<G`k, )+dd 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) caD| *.b iZ;y( SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 8h$f6 JE /s[D[:P_ ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens )Q5ja}-{V parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) kNC]q,ljt5 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) PCX X[N count = 0 %$ ^eY'-' While GetOperationCount(eID)>count P~9y}7Q\0 GetOperation eID, count, op U6Xi-@XP If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then S&z8-D=8k DeleteOperation eID,count BW{&A&j count=count-1 h/xV;oj End If ?Vo/mtbY5X count=count+1 k3VRa|Y") Wend K0-AP
$ op.Type = "ShiftZ" <F&53N&Zc op.val1 = taq-0.01 >,A&(\rO op.parent = parID b3^d!#KVM AddOperation eID, op "jA?s9 X{-901J1 Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam BW5! @D2 4H@K?b` 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ~7O.}RP0 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $e/[!3CASP GetEntity eID, entity K['Gp>l entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ;Sw%t(@ SetEntity eID, entity cM;,n X %/ 5o2vj8:: Update aF5=k:k Print "DONE!" p#+Da\qmx .u^4vVz End Sub R|JBzdK+P XFJz\'{ 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: "[Hn G(gA $G D@e0 Accommodation = 4 Diopters h:~
8WV| Pupil Diameter = 4 mm \\v1\ Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 i_ z4;%#? Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 AB[# Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 *sYvV, Set lens thickness = 3.927 p$!Q?&AV/ Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 8%#pv} Set pupil diameter = 4 g$9EI\a DONE!
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