Arizona眼睛模型
简介 Dj9v9 S_eD1iY2- 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 SEKR`2Zz, 8SZZ_tS3r 模型 ^;8dl.; Z= +Tw!wR> 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 /1y\EEc Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] 14~#k%zO( wZUZ"Y}9 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. K#%@4]jO3 at|.Q*&a# 光源 5'<J@3B \sn
wR 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Wq2Bo*[* !We9T )e [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 5)c B\N1u gB_gjn\ 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 d[F3"b% T^ )\ 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 r@t
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[attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ul-O3]\'@ ([ jm=[E^ [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 A3Xfu$[u %zKTrsMZ 视网膜的散射 SpO%nZ";g8 \b;z$P\+* 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 {EjzJr> iBPIj;, [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 M7fPaJKL Vl^p3f[ 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 %j o,Gv pzT,fmfk [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 cd&sAK" fKbg ? 脚本 'u#c_m!9 Bh UGMK 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: XI'.L ~ [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 < ZG!w^ [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 g8R@ol0 #e[S+a 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 +<T361eyY 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 oe*fgk/o9 F Jp<J 分析 b:PzqMh{G jL{k!V`s 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ok1w4#%, [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 Sa-" G` sis1Dh9: 脚本代码 *`40B6dEr Obx!>mI^6
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. mKLWz1GZ
rMoz+{1A Dim entity As T_ENTITY @x^/X8c(p Dim op As T_OPERATION Hf+oG Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ^KJi|'B Dim A As Double @8Cja.H Dim pupilDiam As Double pwvmb\ Dim eID As Long G '%ZPh89 Dim parID As Long ^)o#/"JA Dim count As Integer mT>RQ. Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Xb~i?T;f Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Byh!Snoe Dim curv As Double, conic As Double QuBA'4ht Dim ok As Long 6st^-L R_=fH\c; Sub Main Qoa&]] vW0U~(XlN '用户输入对话框 [4Q;5 'Dj Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ub2B!6f a TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 BxiR0snf0q Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 YB_fy8Tfx OKButton 40,91,90,21 )m
Ii. CancelButton 190,91,90,21 .IsOU Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 _=9m[
TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 hT%
>)71 End Dialog ,=[r6k< Dim dlg As UserDialog g77 :92 <r)5jf ok = Dialog (dlg) ,uD}1
G<u }((P)\s If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed Q]]M;( Print "Execution cancelled." 4WPco"xH! End bduHYs+rq End If SB:z[kfz| w3;T]R* 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ./<giTR:p If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then lpjby[S A = 0 'Default accommodation EgRuB@lw76 Else T[-Tqi NT A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Qnx?5R-}ZU End If 39x
4( +.v+Opp, If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then \1eWI pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter QS@eqN Else z`YAOhD*h4 pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2)
\okvL2:! End If L% T%6p_ @vO~'Xxq! Print " " mj ,Oy Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" keJ-ohv) Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" !>fi3#Fi 16"L;r ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation
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r; taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness Gb.}af#v R8|FqBs
Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens /S9n!H:MT CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens p3B_NsXVZ LAGg(:3f3 Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens 4rypT-%^ ; CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens n>YgL}YZ? 6Z-[-0o+g tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness -AXMT3p=1 ?Hbi[YD nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction w!R J8 5IP@_GV| 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation D7C%Y^K]>E h:
zi8;( '************************************************************************* mFyYn,Mu| 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) zeuSk|O '************************************************************************* _<jccQ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) XRn+6fn| GetCustomElement eID, entity nz`"f, u73/#!(1=H parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~{D:vj4> Ifj%" RI ' Delete any shift(s) in z {#l@9r% count = 0 gWy2E;"a While GetOperationCount(eID)>count P#2;1ki> GetOperation eID, count, op {ZgycMS If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then NmV][0(BS DeleteOperation eID,count `(L<Q% count=count-1 w&}UgtEm End If !Op18hP$ count=count+1 9R|B 5. Wend 0.!Q4bhD \JGRd8S[ 'Set new shift in
(<#Ns W!z op.Type = "ShiftZ" r<.*:]L op.val1 = taq <~Tfi*^+ op.parent = parID po+1 AddOperation eID, op z|G 39 Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ;%PdSG=U u=6{P(5$j '************************************************************************* Pl[WCh 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens d?(eL(W '************************************************************************* o#F0 3 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) (9D,Ukw GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :aMp,DfM]P 0 }aw9g SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant hH@pA:`s Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Dz&<6#L< _:9-x;0H2 '************************************************************************* d:=:l? 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens
QX393v! '************************************************************************* J Y@x.?N5$ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) V %Rz(a+c GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic qbdv VUGVIy. SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ek4?|!kQD Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost K\>CXa c95{Xy '************************************************************************* :n<<hR0d 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8fs::}0 '************************************************************************* @y`7csbp s&*s9F parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) u<{uUui}$v g3uI1]QXLg ' Delete any z-shift(s) cX/["AM count = 0 ^aO\WKkA While GetOperationCount(eID)>count WD5ulm?91| GetOperation eID, count, op :S
|) If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then k ihO~< DeleteOperation eID,count {pNf&' count=count-1 tvG/oe .1' End If rhe;j/ /` count=count+1 1(z+*`"WB& Wend &O.S ;b*+ G|Y9F|.! 'Set new z-shift UZ+FV;< op.Type = "ShiftZ" I|?Z.!I| op.val1 = tlens onj:+zl op.parent = parID ~8G<Nw4*\ AddOperation eID, op 8TnByKZz Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens %L$P']%t@ vMOit,{ '************************************************************************* SggS8$a` 'Lens index of refraction =j1rw '************************************************************************* {?9s~{Dl eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) X pd^^ GetModelMaterial eID, mat =1"8ua TBYRY)~f mat.Nd = nlens KwiTnP!Dca SetModelMaterial eID, mat >_$DKY>$` Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens K}U}h>N O2Mo ~} '************************************************************************* {<- BU[H 'Pupil diameter 6"W~%FSJX '************************************************************************* }9xEA[@; eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) @E$PjdB5M :d<;h:^_ 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) YFCP'J"Z &V&0kp@+ SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" U/oncC5 rsR0V+(W ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens O9k9hRE]z parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 98os4}r eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ]64mSB count = 0 YQ_3[[xT While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B&`hvR GetOperation eID, count, op \S@;>A<J If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then <Dw`Ur^ X5 DeleteOperation eID,count Nd~?kZZu count=count-1 -zd*tujx End If !z;a>[T' count=count+1 mlY0G w_e Wend !\H!9FR op.Type = "ShiftZ" +?~'K&@ op.val1 = taq-0.01 0*"auGuX op.parent = parID |.Bb Pfe8f AddOperation eID, op O=#FpPHrdw _n(NPFV Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam vvLm9Tw % zs 1v] 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description S"UFT-N eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Cd#>,,\z GetEntity eID, entity ]}cai1 entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" fi%u] SetEntity eID, entity /GNRu F+_4Q Update s!09Pxc Print "DONE!" s,Cm}4L6 +n]U3b End Sub s&p*.I]@> "2X=i`rTi 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: {hX.R 0CxQ@~ttl Accommodation = 4 Diopters 5DfAL;o! Pupil Diameter = 4 mm #:Di1I9<O7 Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 G|yX9C]R Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 H>e?FDs0*R Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 d+%1q Set lens thickness = 3.927 8h~v%aZ1 Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 qu8i Jq Set pupil diameter = 4 /J8AnA1 DONE!
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