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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 GGp.u@\r ; ~pgF_ 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ISGw}# }]? B&]`OO>O 模型 ij
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:% 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 #7]Jz.S Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] ,^:{!?v =rA?,74 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 'X;cgAq8( 0$*7lQ<a#M 光源 x4WCAqi/2 B*Tn@t W 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Q;]JVT1 'z$$ZEz!C [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 '^UHY[mX8 :W.H#@'( 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 l7|z]v- ^%r6+ey 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Y4rxnXGw [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 "`>6M&`U /eV)5`V [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 32wtN8kx MgeC-XQM 视网膜的散射 g-eJan&]N (/A.,8Ad 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ;z'&$#pA fx;rMGa [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 W'C>Fn}lO? ~/L:$ 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 "wgPPop OG5{oH#K [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 zjmoIE \u,CixV= 脚本 )ros-dp` ,Kv6!ib6Q 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 76l. {TXF [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 &<t%u[3 [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 t]h_w7!U I~&*^q6 | 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 3Bl|~K;- 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 1dN/H)] 74([~Qs _M 分析 L]=]/>jQ6 cfTT7O#Dc 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c8&3IzZ [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 2j-l<!s rS [4Pey 脚本代码 k8s)PN evyjHc Cx
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. "yu{b]AU
Qw0k-t0=4 Dim entity As T_ENTITY *y4DK6OFe Dim op As T_OPERATION Q`k;E}x_- Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Zz0er|9]Q Dim A As Double |Yl i~Qx Dim pupilDiam As Double I'5[8 Dim eID As Long R>bg3j Dim parID As Long k6#$Nb606 Dim count As Integer ~cm4e>o Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double HM% +Y47a Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double (dg,w*t' Dim curv As Double, conic As Double #N][-i Dim ok As Long Zf$mwRS[_ Tb]7# v Sub Main T6/P54S mZiKA-t '用户输入对话框 lat5n&RP Y Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 k+"]; TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 _gMr]%Q Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 G8}owszT OKButton 40,91,90,21 ,1I-%6L CancelButton 190,91,90,21 wqG#jC!5 Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 T={!/y+ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 /4+L2O[ End Dialog ozY$}|sjDT Dim dlg As UserDialog "M:ui0YP ?b7ttlX{ ok = Dialog (dlg) :Quep-:fy< Z(q]rX5" If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed p-j6H Print "Execution cancelled." ?GX@&_ End E{)X ;kN= End If yV`Tw"p T'6`A<`3 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty q]1p Q)\'p If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then
L]l/w A = 0 'Default accommodation mx)!] B" Else @tSB^&jUWu A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) .-YE(}^ End If GG%;~4#2 X0L\Ewm If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0:Bpvl5 pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter U`[viH>K Else #|T"6jJaQ pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) {_!,T%>+1 End If 1Xi>&;], jOCV)V9} Print " " 9qDM0'WuU Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" &w9*pJR % Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" %KVmpWku V]Te_ >E;w ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation (1cB Tf taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness vw>(JCR >&\.{ aj Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens
kMW9UUw CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens >-V632(/{o yT:2*sZRc Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens P$z%:Q CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens +8xT}mX dG+$!*6Z tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness 5=*i!c
_m eV%{XR?y nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction onmpMU7w -'O|D} 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation r<kgYU` j|8!gW '************************************************************************* _N:$|O# 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }Tk:?U{ '************************************************************************* 13 h,V]ak eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) I~6(>Z{ GetCustomElement eID, entity ;07$ G+[' ^O<v'\!z- parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (gYW iz _1RvK? ;.{ ' Delete any shift(s) in z ]gX8z#*k count = 0 _"x%s While GetOperationCount(eID)>count t{B@k[| GetOperation eID, count, op y=pW+$k If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then P0; y DeleteOperation eID,count VMF?qT3Nd count=count-1 Q_p&~ PNy5 End If q.R(>ZcV count=count+1 #|8%h Wend '4 d4i S@!_{da 'Set new shift in > dVhIbG op.Type = "ShiftZ" fJ\?+, op.val1 = taq QxPPgn7' op.parent = parID Ohgu*5!o AddOperation eID, op f99"~)B| Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 66-\}8f8a "*/IP9?] '************************************************************************* Wm" q8-<< 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens H!0m8LCnb '************************************************************************* 1p5'.~J+Q eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Uc_}=" GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _'Jjt9@S @i> r(X SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 1P"{TMd? Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant $DfK}CT wO.d;SK '************************************************************************* !wUznyYwt 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ugXDnM[S% '************************************************************************* W$wX[ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) UAz^P6iQ`~ GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic d 4tL %'g)MK!e SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ud(0}[ Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost VJw7defc ?fP3R':s '************************************************************************* 5m'AT]5Tn_ 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) KF(y`(8f '************************************************************************* 49>b]f,Vc Z5oDj|&l} parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) C7R3W, &-o5lrq ' Delete any z-shift(s) j&/+/s9N count = 0 -1B. A While GetOperationCount(eID)>count QjXJo$I6 GetOperation eID, count, op :4)x If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then KwMt@1Z DeleteOperation eID,count *-fd$l. count=count-1 3rFku"zT$ End If dHiir&Rd9` count=count+1 tA4Ra,-c Wend )M"NMUuU" S'$m3,l(k 'Set new z-shift -3?
<Ja op.Type = "ShiftZ" W+u,[_ op.val1 = tlens un!v1g9O op.parent = parID |S).,B AddOperation eID, op fnr8{sr.2Z Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Iv3yDL; yU/?4/G! '************************************************************************* x
~)~v?>T 'Lens index of refraction ng|^Zm% '************************************************************************* 4qE4 i:b eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) \reVA$M[ GetModelMaterial eID, mat u/|@iWK: _IOUhMo mat.Nd = nlens Q\IViM SetModelMaterial eID, mat uUx7>algF Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens (O(TFE5^ y2?9pVLa\y '************************************************************************* FsO-xG"@" 'Pupil diameter a%HNz_ro '************************************************************************* [ /*;}NUv eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) @+zWLq!1pB 3'6 UvAXFH 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) x.t&NP^V) Md>C!c SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" -le^ 5M7 V D7^wd9 ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "8ZV%%elp parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 'xai5X eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) oI`Mn3N count = 0 YWd2bRb While GetOperationCount(eID)>count EI?8/c GetOperation eID, count, op tvVf)bbz If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _~CJitR3 DeleteOperation eID,count Z/: yYSq count=count-1 ^|vk^`S End If SfPQ;s' count=count+1 r6Vw!^]8u8 Wend GwDOxH' op.Type = "ShiftZ" saZK+kD4I op.val1 = taq-0.01 WdS1v% op.parent = parID g%]<sRl:- AddOperation eID, op aw lq/ [];wP'* Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ,%x2SyA KLG .?`h: 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ,Js_d eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) M^HYkXn[ GetEntity eID, entity fk?!0M6d entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 7=X6_AD SetEntity eID, entity x4g6Qze OA9P"* Update YZOwr72VL Print "DONE!" FVP,$ &Q"vXs6Gt End Sub 3I}AA.h'00 v_%6Ly 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: RaTNA W)v> : Gi8Jo Accommodation = 4 Diopters O\;Lb[`lb Pupil Diameter = 4 mm [X@{xF^vBQ Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 x~Z7p)D_< Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 [{xY3WS Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 3K~^H1l Set lens thickness = 3.927 r^"sZk# Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 pcOi%D,o Set pupil diameter = 4 [D+PDR DONE!
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