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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 ]re'LC!d  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ]7qiUdxt:  
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模型 'dt\db5p  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。  ,-rB=|w  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. uMFV% +I  
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光源 ,{<p  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 jM__{z  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 d bO#  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。  ^Omfe  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 H=. K  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 %2yAvGa1  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 9e5gy  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 4r*Pa(;y  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 _pSIJ3O  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: G?[-cNdk  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 o>!JrH  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 *g$agyOfh  
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分析 ylkqhs&  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 W uf/LKj  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 (rMZ  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ~'[jBn)  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY qvTKfIl{  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION )l{A{f6O  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL F '#^`G9  
    Dim A As Double ,cS0  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ._ih$=   
    Dim eID As Long =phiD&=  
    Dim parID As Long l4Y1(  
    Dim count As Integer "GLYyC  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double }s6G!v^2""  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double H%~Q?4  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double >D3z V.R  
    Dim ok As Long @tQ2E}psP,  
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    Sub Main '^B3pR:  
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        '用户输入对话框 2MT_#r_  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 {]@Qu"M  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 kc|>Q7~{  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _r7=&oL.Q  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 IrUi E q  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 b.,$# D{p  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Vs|sw  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 `rq<jtf+  
        End Dialog 7p !zp9|  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog /evaTQPz  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 2| $k`I,  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed _&K\D p&@  
            Print "Execution cancelled." "& Ff[ O*  
            End G ;jF9i  
        End If 5{HtJ?sKc5  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty p/4S$ j#Tn  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then &EGY+p|2Y  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation |9x%gUm  
        Else pNBa.4z:  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Q{8qm<0g  
        End If !HvGlj@(|  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 8 `o{b"l+  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter z6Fun  
        Else G u6[{u  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) |o|gP8  
        End If G1p43  
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        Print " " 2h5tBEOX.s  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" )< l\jfx e  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ~DK F%}E  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation jjYM3LQcdP  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness G^ K*+  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens p[_Yi0U  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 9N<*S'Z  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens *ZX!EjICk  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens R9bhC9NP  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ^P]?3U\nj  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction $+0=GN  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation (y%%6#bd  
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        '************************************************************************* Ri9Kr  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) yi sF5`+  
        '************************************************************************* fm[_@L% x  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) VjC*(6<Gj  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ?rky6  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) : x>I- 3G  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z Sb'N];  
        count = 0 =DGn,i9  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q;CayN'I  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ]d[Rf$>vu0  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :U!'U;uQ  
                DeleteOperation eID,count xi;/^)r  
                count=count-1  Y>xi|TWN  
            End If =fL6uFmxI@  
            count=count+1 M ' a&  
        Wend X!HDj<  
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        'Set new shift in &G0l&8pa  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 14mXx}O  
        op.val1 = taq }Q47_]5  
        op.parent = parID  )GB3=@  
        AddOperation eID, op fui4@  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 <WZ1-  
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        '************************************************************************* x{=[w`  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ^2C0oX  
        '************************************************************************* R;0W+!fE  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) !w @1!Xpn1  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic z\xiACIc  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant j l;kcGE  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Cf.pTYSl  
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        '************************************************************************* fR+Ov8PCq  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens l,imT$u  
        '************************************************************************* I;`Ko_i  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Q3N y5G>  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _#/!s]$d#  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 8O"x;3I9  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost f28gE7Y\a  
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        '************************************************************************* nQ:ml  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) `E./p  
        '************************************************************************* Sf+(1_^`t  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) E9L!O.Q  
    R=][>\7]}  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) g i1}5DR  
        count = 0 *%ed;>6:Q  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^2&O3s  
            GetOperation eID, count, op &*jxI[  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9f@#SB_H  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ",MK'\E  
                count=count-1 +Fu@I{"A  
            End If c,6<7  
            count=count+1 G=r(SJq  
        Wend  IgzCh  
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        'Set new z-shift LV}UBao5n  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" m NUN6qVP~  
        op.val1 = tlens BxSk%$J  
        op.parent = parID '0'"k2"vC  
        AddOperation eID, op }Q{ =:X9  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens pl jV|.?  
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        '************************************************************************* syWv'Y[k?  
        'Lens index of refraction SX_kr^#  
        '************************************************************************* DuTlYXM2^  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) hO+O0=$}wN  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat +Op%,,Db  
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        mat.Nd = nlens yS:IRI.  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 8I5VrT  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens SX Hru Z  
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        '************************************************************************* g(@$uJ  
        'Pupil diameter [[*0MA2Y  
        '************************************************************************* Ux%\Y.PPI  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) bMK#^ZoH  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) g9FVb7In_  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;y?D1o^r8W  
    [B2>*UPl  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens a0V8L+v(  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ijZydn  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) c{]r{FAx9o  
        count = 0 T>%uRK$  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count J^s<x#C  
            GetOperation eID, count, op i-i}`oN  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then M0;t%*1  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Y1U"HqNl*  
                count=count-1 0aTEJX$iZ  
            End If @MlU!oR&  
            count=count+1 (IoPU+1b  
        Wend N:PA/V^z  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" f}9PEpa,Z  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Ads<-.R  
        op.parent = parID G+ $)W u  
        AddOperation eID, op 0w'y#U)&8  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ERX|cc  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description !q=Q~ea  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,/w852|ub  
        GetEntity eID, entity f@F^W YQm  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" }]39 iK`w  
        SetEntity eID, entity :~0^ib<v;  
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        Update A&}nRP9  
        Print "DONE!" njwR~aL`|  
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    End Sub u':0"5}  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: LjH&f 4mY  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters *OGXu07 !  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm T^(n+lv  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 k^dCX+  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 d_W nK{  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 tXG4A$(2&  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 7QOC]:r  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 YP\4XI  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 z)<pqN  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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