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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 u[Ij4h.  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 4ju=5D];   
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模型 Y<vHL<G  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 /RF=8,A  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ZYMacTeJjg  
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光源 RkMs!M   
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 YU]|N 'mL2  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 dm(Xy'*iQ  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 _G62E $=  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 $yoIz.?V  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 jl)7Jd  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 m|by^40A(  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 S}}L& _  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 FPC^-mD  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: oQ{ X2\  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 \; FE@  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 PJn|  
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分析 v~AD7k2{8  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 G5T(  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 ;/R\!E   
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. e9p!Caf~I-  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY k"pN  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION HbZFL*2x3  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL o @(.4+2m  
    Dim A As Double g}gOAN3.  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double sD{d8s[(  
    Dim eID As Long 3DX@ggE2  
    Dim parID As Long m> YjV>5  
    Dim count As Integer zS/1v+  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double T/nG\WZbZn  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3T)_(SM"  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double mFx \[S  
    Dim ok As Long MY>*F[~ 2  
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    Sub Main QnH;+k ln  
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        '用户输入对话框 557%^)v  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ,(v=ZeI  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 go!jx6~;x  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 WCL#3uYk"  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 &,%+rvo}  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 GbfA-\  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 |rL#HG  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 a2.@Zyz  
        End Dialog xO 6$:o-  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog m2>$)\-;  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) V: P   
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed s#4Q?<65u  
            Print "Execution cancelled." =`/GB T$  
            End 7Rl/F1G o}  
        End If  BRF4 p:  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty X(qs]:  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then !vGJ 7  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation B"3uuk8  
        Else [n2)6B\/  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ^2-+MWW.  
        End If byN4?3 F  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then <Url&Z  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter >goG\y  
        Else txFcV  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) (P|k$S?m  
        End If $m[* )0/  
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        Print " " ~^v*f   
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Ur,{ZGm  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" KF}_|~~T  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation @tVl8]y  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness (&oT6Ji  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ds:&{~7L<T  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens iL;{]A'0  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens |l673FcJ  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens <I.{meDg  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness C sx EN4  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction C3-I5q(V]  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 9YVr9BM'K  
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        '************************************************************************* ~09kIO)  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) o0#zk  
        '************************************************************************* Z1sRLkR^  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) drd5o Z  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity dEK bB  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) an,JV0  
    1)!?,O\ey  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 7da~+(yhr  
        count = 0  R7ExMJw  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (F'?c1  
            GetOperation eID, count, op .( X!*J]G  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -|( q 9B  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Qo])A6$IU  
                count=count-1 (&xIB F_6  
            End If .y2np  
            count=count+1 BBHoD:l  
        Wend 'aJm4W&j  
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        'Set new shift in FcmL 4^s.`  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" uV\~2#o$_  
        op.val1 = taq >IEc4  
        op.parent = parID AN4(]_ ]  
        AddOperation eID, op Rq,Fp/  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 3TF'[(K=  
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        '************************************************************************* ?oulQR6:  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens P/ 7aj:h~P  
        '************************************************************************* 2br~Vn0N  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) c2Up<#t  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic u#`'|ko \9  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 6d%)MEM  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant [A46WF>L  
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        '************************************************************************* t2#zQ[~X!  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens &8@ a"  
        '************************************************************************* C.Re*;EI,  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) m"tke'a  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic u%rB]a$/  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost g33Y]\  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost P(Z\y^S  
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        '************************************************************************* wZ\% !# }7  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 9Lqo^+0)\  
        '************************************************************************* TTm  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !)h?2#V8;  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) *kKdL  
        count = 0 Zm#qW2a]P  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Mp)|5<%  
            GetOperation eID, count, op F>co#  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then HQtUNtZ  
                DeleteOperation eID,count r:9H>4m  
                count=count-1 wm s@1~I  
            End If .aE%z/@s=  
            count=count+1 jS'hs>Ot  
        Wend ^9xsbv B0  
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        'Set new z-shift .}DL%E`n  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" v m)'C C  
        op.val1 = tlens 77o&$l,A|  
        op.parent = parID eKek~U&  
        AddOperation eID, op ~7"6Y ]  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens J&jig?t  
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        '************************************************************************* >W?7a:#,  
        'Lens index of refraction 3-$w5O3}  
        '************************************************************************* ljRR{HOl  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 5"8R|NU:\0  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat |4u?Q+k%%  
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        mat.Nd = nlens o;M-M(EZQ6  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat M}W};~V2ng  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens W(&9S[2  
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        '************************************************************************* &yQM 8J~  
        'Pupil diameter mB]Y;R<  
        '************************************************************************* }^ G&n';J  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) QW1d&Gb.(  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) (VA:`pstP  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" )./.rtP|4  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 9dXtugp|  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {ei,>5K  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #3o]Qo[Sc  
        count = 0 ~ E|L4E  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Al(u|LbQ  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 1WMwTBHy+  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]VS$ ?wD  
                DeleteOperation eID,count U?:<clh  
                count=count-1 58 Rmq/6s  
            End If Uv"GG: K_  
            count=count+1 Sk 10"DB/  
        Wend !rMl" Y[  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" pr(16P  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 $k&}{c8P  
        op.parent = parID #Zy-X_r  
        AddOperation eID, op RU^lR8;  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam wf8GH}2A  
    'hM?J*m  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description uKZe"wN;  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) I=3e@aTZ,  
        GetEntity eID, entity ii :h E=  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" #815h,nP+  
        SetEntity eID, entity (SlrV8;  
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        Update (mJqI)m8  
        Print "DONE!" Eb<iR)e H=  
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    End Sub Gv,0{DVX<  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: U-#t&yjh#  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters hL,+wJ+A  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm KR6*)?c`  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 <E|K<}W#  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 5M{ DJ/q  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ReCmv/AE  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 RJ_ratKN*g  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 M_2[Wypw  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 L/w9dk*uv  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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