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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 d/,E2i{I7 ANMg 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 p@Q5b}xCG_ G*}F5.>8( 模型 1s7^uA$}6 IB5BO7J 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 9.+/~$Ht
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] I9y.e++/ F[`ZqW 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.
_^t-9 HAB#pd9 光源 xFFr )Hw:E71h2 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 6[dur'x GG6%bF [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 mDMt5(. j|(Z#3J 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 $1Nd_pD= B|{I:[ 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 cPF<D$B [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 5\4g>5PD :`,3h% [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 NucM+r1P rAqxTdF 视网膜的散射 <G3&z#]#4 7v"lNP-?jU 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 mxG ]kqi /.Jb0h[W1 [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 7^e + (!K_Fy@ 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 CnF |LTi JhK/']R [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 6j9)/ HP pK&I^r 脚本 #;tT8[Ewuw QB{rVI>mI! 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: x^= M6;: [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 M#jN-ix [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 m~l
F`? kJK,6mN 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 773/#c 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 x;E2~&E :osz 分析 QBJ3iQs1 quu*xJ;Ci 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c'fSu;1 [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 90N`CXas %"$@%"8;3 脚本代码 g[z.*y/ n-;y*kD
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. W0`Gc
{
OyG"1F Dim entity As T_ENTITY h1"zV6U Dim op As T_OPERATION YoODR Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL CC >=UF Dim A As Double <eN R8(P Dim pupilDiam As Double ,w)p"[^b Dim eID As Long ~|+zJ5 Dim parID As Long rnm03 '{ Dim count As Integer MQ/
A]EeL Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Q[ieaL6& Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Pt< s* ( Dim curv As Double, conic As Double V9 }t0$LN Dim ok As Long i, n D5@# ~4,I7c7 Sub Main v6a]1B j8 ,n7!G '用户输入对话框 f6=w3RS Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 _O:WG&a6 TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 +FFG#6e Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 7Hw<ojkt OKButton 40,91,90,21 Kf,-4) CancelButton 190,91,90,21 VrP}#3I Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 (zo^Nn9VJ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 'C+;r?1!h End Dialog "i)Yvh[y Dim dlg As UserDialog TQ :/RT fp>.Owt%. ok = Dialog (dlg) |PVt}*0" 3eIr{xs If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed TJ@Cj y% Print "Execution cancelled." x<(b|2qf End S9sR# End If w2gf&Lc\ 1' w:`/_ 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty n(Y%Vmy If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then }2>"<) A = 0 'Default accommodation tV;%J4E' Else '{?C{MK3Q A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) >R^@Ww;|q End If (g8*d^u#PO L-i>R:N4 If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 3C>qh{z" pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter Y#V8(DTyH Else / l>.mK() pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) j}HFs0<L End If J@"utY6N 1cN')" Print " " G&{HTYP Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" PK6iY7Qp) Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ?^!,vh cL7g}$W$ ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation K\!#4>yd taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness $r.U *b(wVvz Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens 6Y*;{\Rd CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens T`YwJ6N oh8L`=>&a Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens OmMX$YID CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens C9tb \?# O_,O,1 tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness GY!C|7kN +=@ ^i' nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction .QWhK|(.! `$;+g , 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation c=p=-j=.J >wON\N0V_ '************************************************************************* eb:A1f4L 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) mX# "+X| '************************************************************************* BR_TykP eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) fjz) Gp GetCustomElement eID, entity u:P~j 5mB]N%rfW% parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) .-I|DVHe rj]
E@W ' Delete any shift(s) in z ~hX-u8Ul'N count = 0
!rL<5L While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3}Xc71|v GetOperation eID, count, op ?bX If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Q\_{d0
0 DeleteOperation eID,count -AD2I {C count=count-1 o
\L!(hm End If 85Y|CN] vQ count=count+1 2Oc$+St~8 Wend Y*YFB|f? .(Y6$[#@ 'Set new shift in (|h:h(C op.Type = "ShiftZ" _9If/RD op.val1 = taq |7F*MP op.parent = parID b{[*N AddOperation eID, op d"<F!?8 Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 i.a _C'<$ }0/a\ '************************************************************************* ? Nj)6_& 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens /XpSe<3 '************************************************************************* M@7Xp)S" eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) pA4 ,@O GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic &w\I<J`T Zr/r2 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant C8b''9t. Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant hl/itSl$ n~r 9!m$< '************************************************************************* QApyP CH 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens |ng%PQq) '************************************************************************* R, 0Oq5 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) :=. *I GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7>.OVh< J\`^:tcG SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost mUXk9X%n Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9C}qVoNu x7ATI[b[ '************************************************************************* "dCzWFet 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) aC\4}i< '*************************************************************************
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: pM$ @m] parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) TipHV;|e (F5ttQPh ' Delete any z-shift(s) >)Dhi+D count = 0 %J P!{mqj While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h}Ygb-uZ GetOperation eID, count, op C3"&sdLb$ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then B@cz
?%] DeleteOperation eID,count 8F6h#%9 count=count-1 qu{mqkfN> End If h_ ZX/k count=count+1 P[i\e7mR Wend &?<AwtNN 0X"\ a'M_ 'Set new z-shift P;U@y"s op.Type = "ShiftZ" F=Y S^ op.val1 = tlens "'{OIP op.parent = parID Bymny>.M AddOperation eID, op h|W%4|]R) Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens x:-`o_Q*i w-rOecwFvu '************************************************************************* a@W7<9fY; 'Lens index of refraction .E<Dz '************************************************************************* $KQ,}I eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) y^s1t2]%
GetModelMaterial eID, mat Y mDn+VIg K`(#K#n mat.Nd = nlens >]/dOH,A SetModelMaterial eID, mat P\(30 Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens $
I<|-]u g!^J ,e= '************************************************************************* <
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