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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 SEKR`2Zz,  
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模型 ^;8dl.;  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 /1y\EEc  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. K#%@4]jO3  
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光源 5'<J@3B  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Wq2 Bo*[*  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 d[F3"b%  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 r@t \a+  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ul-O3]\'@  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 SpO%nZ";g8  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 {EjzJr>  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 %jo,Gv  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 'u#c_m! 9  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: XI '.L ~  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 +<T361eyY  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 oe*fgk/o9  
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分析 b:PzqMh{G  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ok1w4#%,  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 *`40B6dEr  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. mKLWz1GZ  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY @x^/X8c(p  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION Hf +oG  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ^KJi |'B  
    Dim A As Double @8Cja.H  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double pwv mb\  
    Dim eID As Long G '%ZPh89  
    Dim parID As Long ^)o#/"JA  
    Dim count As Integer mT>RQ.  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double  Xb~i?T;f  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Byh!Snoe  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double QuBA'4ht  
    Dim ok As Long 6s t^-L  
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    Sub Main Qoa&]]  
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        '用户输入对话框 [4Q;5 'Dj  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ub2B!6f a  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 BxiR0snf0q  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 YB_fy8Tfx  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 )m I i.  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 .IsOU  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 _=9m [  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 hT% >)71  
        End Dialog ,=[r6k<  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog g77:92  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) ,uD}1 G<u  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Q]]M;(  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 4WPco"xH!  
            End bduHYs+rq  
        End If SB:z[kfz|  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ./<giTR:p  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then lpjby[S  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation EgRuB@lw76  
        Else T[-Tqi NT  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Qnx?5R-}ZU  
        End If 39x 4(  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then \1eWI  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter QS@eqN  
        Else z`YAOhD*h4  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) \okvL2:!  
        End If L% T%6p_  
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        Print " " mj ,Oy  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" keJ-ohv)  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" !>fi3#Fi  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation r@Xh8 r;  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Gb.}af#v  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens /S9n!H:MT  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens p3B_NsXVZ  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 4rypT-%^;  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens n>YgL}YZ?  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness -AXMT3p=1  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction w!RJ8  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation D7C%Y^K]>E  
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        '************************************************************************* mFyYn,Mu|  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ze uSk| O  
        '************************************************************************* _<jccQ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) XRn+6fn|  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity nz`"f,  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~{D:vj4>  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z {#l@9r%  
        count = 0 gWy2E;"a  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count P#2;1ki>  
            GetOperation eID, count, op {ZgycMS  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then NmV][0(BS  
                DeleteOperation eID,count `(L<Q%  
                count=count-1 w&}UgtEm  
            End If !Op18hP$  
            count=count+1 9R|B 5.  
        Wend 0.!Q 4bhD  
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        'Set new shift in (<#Ns W!z  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" r<.*:]L  
        op.val1 = taq <~Tfi*^+  
        op.parent = parID po+ 1  
        AddOperation eID, op z|G 39  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ;%PdSG=U  
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        '************************************************************************* Pl[WCh  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens d?(eL(W  
        '************************************************************************* o #F03  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) (9D,Ukw  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :aMp,DfM]P  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant hH@pA:`s  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Dz&<6#L<  
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        '************************************************************************* d:=:l?  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens QX 393v!  
        '************************************************************************* JY@x.?N5$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) V %Rz(a+c  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic qbdv  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ek4?|!kQD  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost K\>CXa  
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        '************************************************************************* :n<<hR0d  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8fs::}0  
        '************************************************************************* @y`7csb p  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) u<{uUui}$v  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) cX/ ["AM  
        count = 0 ^aO\WKkA  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count WD5ulm?91|  
            GetOperation eID, count, op : S |)  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then kihO~<  
                DeleteOperation eID,count {pNf& '  
                count=count-1 tvG/oe .1'  
            End If rhe;j//`  
            count=count+1 1(z+*`"WB&  
        Wend &O.S ;b*+  
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        'Set new z-shift UZ+FV;<  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" I|?Z.!I|  
        op.val1 = tlens onj:+zl  
        op.parent = parID ~8G<Nw4*\  
        AddOperation eID, op 8TnByKZz  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens %L$P']%t@  
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        '************************************************************************* SggS8$a`  
        'Lens index of refraction  =j1rw  
        '************************************************************************* {?9s~{Dl  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) X pd^^  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat =1"8ua  
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        mat.Nd = nlens KwiTnP!Dca  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat >_$DKY>$`  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens K}U}h>N  
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        '************************************************************************* {<- BU[H  
        'Pupil diameter 6"W~%FSJX  
        '************************************************************************* }9xEA[@;  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) @E$PjdB5M  
    :d<;h:^_  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) YFCP'J"Z  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" U/oncC5  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens O9k9hRE]z  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  98os4}r  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ]64mSB  
        count = 0 YQ _3[[xT  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B&`hvR  
            GetOperation eID, count, op \S@;>A<J  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then <Dw`Ur^X5  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Nd~?kZZu  
                count=count-1 -zd*tujx  
            End If !z;a>[T'  
            count=count+1 mlY0G w_e  
        Wend ! \H!9FR  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" +?~'K&@  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 0*"auGuX  
        op.parent = parID |.Bb Pfe8f  
        AddOperation eID, op O=#FpPHrdw  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam vvLm9Tw  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description S"UFT-N  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Cd#>,,\z  
        GetEntity eID, entity ]}cai1  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" fi%u]  
        SetEntity eID, entity /GNRu  
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        Update s!09Pxc  
        Print "DONE!" s,Cm}4L6  
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    End Sub s&p*.I]@>  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: {hX. R  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 5DfAL;o!  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm #:Di1I9<O7  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 G|yX9C]R   
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 H>e?FDs0*R  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 d+%1q  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 8h~v%aZ1  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 qu8i Jq  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 /J8AnA1  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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