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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 R9dC$Y]\M G/cE2nD 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Yh^~4S? y2XeD=_' 模型 +y}4^3Vx^ cwe@W PE2 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Er 4P Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] {9 PeBc qa|"kRCO 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. S7/0B4[ wF@mHv 光源 \&|zD"* NrC(.*?m 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 >'qkW$-95 Gp<7i5 [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 >
`uk2QdC Hcts^zm2u 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 tks3xS #<^ngoOj 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 >Ei-Spy>Xl [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 =|@%5&.P z}L3// [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 uTSTBI4t C>1fL6ct 视网膜的散射 |fQl0hL d;Uzl1; 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 =Wb!j18] 9/La_:K [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 @D<KG {95z\UE} 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 z /
YF7wrx Q@7-UIV|q [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 `2 vv8cg^ t1y
hU"(J 脚本 aN87 ^[ 01UEd8 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: d#?.G3YmK [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 0cd`. ZF [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 )^G&p[G
P[l? 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 s@WF[S7D 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 [c{/0* > @Ux8# 分析 qac4GZ "zT#*>U 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 LLa72HW [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 SBj9sFZ {5ujKQOcR 脚本代码 r306`)kX >
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- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. -Qt>yzD3
F]#rH Dim entity As T_ENTITY **zh>Y}6 Dim op As T_OPERATION ?5%0zMC Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Jgf73IX[ Dim A As Double {}vB#! Dim pupilDiam As Double UuNcBzB2d Dim eID As Long kJ;fA|(I Dim parID As Long 1T{A(<:o$ Dim count As Integer {x$h K98 Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double kW'xuZ& Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double gC}r$ZB( Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Y#'?3 Dim ok As Long f}4bnu3 CC(At.dd Sub Main |@}Yady@C zi^T?<t '用户输入对话框 6[-N}) Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 L_>j
SP TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 sknta0^=2 Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 kc0YWW Q-: OKButton 40,91,90,21 ;P` z
?>J: CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Vb=Oz Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 0?D`|x_ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 07zbx6:t End Dialog g$++\%k& Dim dlg As UserDialog piZ0KA" |@J:A! ok = Dialog (dlg) CM ; r\,o {Jv m * If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed tgu}^TfKkg Print "Execution cancelled." 6cCC+*V{ End T.1*32cX End If p Rt=5WZ .t/XW++ 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty L*2YAIG If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <2cl1Fb A = 0 'Default accommodation r!qr'Ht< Else mL!)(Bb A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) g~5$X{ End If n[jyhBf\W -}l iG If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then l;4},N pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter .%{3#\ Else 0]tr&BLl* pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) <&n\)R4C1 End If [B}$U|V0 eq0&8/= Print " " ;~&F}!pQ Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" CJ*8x7-t Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ?GdoB7(% sN6R0YW ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ] m$;ra] taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness (#Vkk]-p Ap&Bwo 8b Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens !/+'O}@-E CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens l_K=7\N z(sfX}% Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens
y.$/niQ% CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens #G[S OK{_WTCe> tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness [P5+}@t {rQSB;3 nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction ]8)nIT^EP `XAlzI 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation :'*;>P
.( jf_xm=n '************************************************************************* uJ Q#l\t 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ),9^hJ1+@ '************************************************************************* 7Y`/w$ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) R`? '|G]P GetCustomElement eID, entity sEpY&6* ZWZRG-:&H parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) inO)Y]|f huj 6Ysr ' Delete any shift(s) in z fq-zgqF< count = 0 ,+0#.Ns$ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7(RtPLpZ GetOperation eID, count, op {q=(x]C If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then aS
]bTYJ' DeleteOperation eID,count !q:[$g-@q count=count-1 R>BZQugZ~ End If E-P;3lS~ count=count+1 xcBV,[E{ Wend 3q{op9_T7 u9-:/<R#}y 'Set new shift in H/qv%!/o op.Type = "ShiftZ" U ?vG?{A op.val1 = taq nE_g^ op.parent = parID ^FaBaDcnl AddOperation eID, op drr
W?U Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 -4
~(* >=G-^z: '************************************************************************* YVcFCl 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -0W s3 '************************************************************************* xq#YBi, eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) tOQ2947zk GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *V@>E2@ {s ]yP_ SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant )U6-&-07 Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant >A'Q9Tia; 2vb {PQ '************************************************************************* PtfxF]%H 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens |=R@nn
'************************************************************************* p6UPP|-S eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) %}T' 3 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "x;|li3; wH?r522`c SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost N0]C?+ Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 2)_Zz~P^f _J|cJ %F>% '************************************************************************* 9j[lr${A 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Z/Vb _ '************************************************************************* adi^*7Q] ) y7iHB
k"^: parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) d7g3VF<j y `)oD0)Fj ' Delete any z-shift(s) y(^hlX6gQ count = 0 +(a}S$C While GetOperationCount(eID)>count U|[+M@F_L GetOperation eID, count, op mpsi{%gA
If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W~EDLL Z DeleteOperation eID,count `$kKTc:f count=count-1 Z@Tb3N/[ End If \=3fO( count=count+1 %jS#DVxBR Wend <i<[TPv"; w+^z{3> 'Set new z-shift hxt,%al op.Type = "ShiftZ" .ty^ k@J|] op.val1 = tlens Wciw6.@ op.parent = parID 28u3B2\$ AddOperation eID, op <1^\,cI2 Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Cob<N'. aPELAU- '************************************************************************* >q+q];=( 'Lens index of refraction ")gd)_FOS '************************************************************************* ,McwPHEMB eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ZxvqLu GetModelMaterial eID, mat EWU(Al T <KBzZ
!n5 mat.Nd = nlens .u<i<S SetModelMaterial eID, mat V~9vf*X Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens KG2ij~v {c#{dT '************************************************************************* :)djHPP* 'Pupil diameter zi7>!#( '************************************************************************* $qvk9 B0E eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) @i" ^b U]8 @ 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Xa=M{x r.JY88" SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" o%~PWA*Qp Syf0dp3 ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens xJ0Q8A parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) UNoNsmP eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) RyAss0Sm^ count = 0 ^GS,4[)H While GetOperationCount(eID)>count z~Ec * GetOperation eID, count, op +nLsiC{& If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ?E6*Ef DeleteOperation eID,count ;|.~'': count=count-1 WNE=|z#| End If Za5bx,^ count=count+1 CH`_4UAX% Wend !awsQ!e| op.Type = "ShiftZ" bOY<C%;C
op.val1 = taq-0.01 u lqh}Uv' op.parent = parID 9rd7l6$R" AddOperation eID, op xlhc`wdm #]vy`rv Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam t%B ,ATW c~bTK"
u 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description f0<'IgN eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rX^wNH GetEntity eID, entity F74^HQ*J entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" `.0WK SetEntity eID, entity K~U5jpc xe=/T#% Update ;:^^Qfp Print "DONE!" !8z,}HUdK o1d ECLQa End Sub 5LIbHSK X}-)io 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: j;3hQOl 2a\?Q|1C Accommodation = 4 Diopters byyzXRO; Pupil Diameter = 4 mm t9!8Bh< Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Z2%ySO Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 NI1jJfH|l Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 2v;F@fUB. Set lens thickness = 3.927 U|NVDuo{{x Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 }8zw| (GR, Set pupil diameter = 4 a$~pAy5C DONE!
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