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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 jF{gDK  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 9K46>_TyH  
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模型 npcBpGL{  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Kxc$wN<  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 1qj%a%R  
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光源 ZBR^[OXO  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 @ P"`=BU&  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 1mn$Rh&dO  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 "1!.^<V*  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 .;Utkf'I  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 |g\.5IM#W  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 k;fnC+Y$s  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 M,\|V3s  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 I6hhU;)C  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: iTugvb  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Nx4DC  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 X[~f:E[1J  
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分析 >^T,U0T])  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 e1`)3-f  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 .}$`+h8W T  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ^;)SFmjg%  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 3)C6OF>7  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION SA`J.4yn  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Pa +AF  
    Dim A As Double v E3{H  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double =p,4=wo{  
    Dim eID As Long DV7<n&P  
    Dim parID As Long yRq8;@YGY  
    Dim count As Integer L_ Xn,  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 4uO @`0:x  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double oz\{9Lwc  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double  EbBv}9g  
    Dim ok As Long g/U$!d_  
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    Sub Main =#.8$oa^  
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        '用户输入对话框 8g# c%eZ  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 P;L)1 g  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 +Dq|l}  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 YoV^xl6g  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ?b*/ddIs  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 w L/p.@  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ,`%k'ecN  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 D% v:PYf  
        End Dialog =A0"0D{\  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 9&[) (On74  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 8(vC jL  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ]689Q%D  
            Print "Execution cancelled." j{Yt70Wv  
            End `zElBD  
        End If :c~9>GCE&  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty z`86-Ov  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then q7O,I`KaJ  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ==-7F3QP  
        Else ;e#>n!<u  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) xE G+%Uk{  
        End If 3i]"#wK  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then RMS.1:O  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 2cs?("8e%  
        Else 'WKu0Yi^'  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 2|0Je^$|  
        End If ;-3h~k  
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        Print " " AI^AK0.L  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" q;~R:}?@  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" (ZE%tbm2  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ]6a/0rg:t  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness E<D+)A  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens * ajFZI  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens [ E$$nNs  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens o :.~X  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens VRtbHam  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 2k.S[?)  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ?Ia4H   
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation r\A@&5#q  
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        '************************************************************************* 7j@^+rkr3f  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) q6;OS.f  
        '************************************************************************* 9>A-$a4R>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &GXtdO>;Zv  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity t!6\7Vm/  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) GIl:3iB49  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z z{_mEE49  
        count = 0 QDIsC  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count /-DKV~  
            GetOperation eID, count, op O"@?U  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #Y;.>mF  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ,DE(5iDS  
                count=count-1 TZ^{pvBy  
            End If 1P5*wNF  
            count=count+1 i FC"!23f  
        Wend {@Blj3;w}  
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        'Set new shift in $@_YdZ!  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ! a86iHU  
        op.val1 = taq l9]o\JFXk  
        op.parent = parID y.jS{r".  
        AddOperation eID, op 5\uNEs$T  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 4qqF v?O[r  
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        '************************************************************************* 5?^]1P_  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ?2H{^\<(e  
        '************************************************************************* {]+ jL1  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 60~v t04  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Xyb8u})p'  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant !.9l4@z#  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant (&q@~ dJ  
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        '************************************************************************* 4; ?1Kb#  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 6!*K/2:O  
        '************************************************************************* ERk kS Tp  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #]"/{Z  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #1MKEfv(~  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost x<8\-  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost X>2? `8M  
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        '************************************************************************* &Y 'z?N  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) HS7R lU^  
        '************************************************************************* L+_8QK<  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) b7Yq_%+  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) t/A:k  
        count = 0 QI.t&sCh5  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eDuX"/kHA  
            GetOperation eID, count, op GM:, CJ?  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9_eS`,'  
                DeleteOperation eID,count v<j2L"bj  
                count=count-1 )#C_mB$-#  
            End If O!o <P5X^  
            count=count+1 sb'lZFSP~s  
        Wend -H4PRCDH  
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        'Set new z-shift  X@cSP7b  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" fTTm$,f5N  
        op.val1 = tlens v Xc!Zg~  
        op.parent = parID {798=pC<.  
        AddOperation eID, op 4yhcK&  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens [@g~  
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        '************************************************************************* [ ynuj3G V  
        'Lens index of refraction '\@WN]  
        '************************************************************************* hRk,vB ]  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) So?m?,!W  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat y!F:m=x<  
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        mat.Nd = nlens TWtC-wI;  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat -E:(w<];  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens #o~[1K+Yq  
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        '************************************************************************* D6Dn&/>Zp  
        'Pupil diameter ekrBNDs9  
        '************************************************************************* % ^e@`0L  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) O6/xPeak  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ]/a g*F  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" TKd6MZhT  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens `6UtxJSx  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,^HS`!s[ E  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 9Kx<\)-GMD  
        count = 0 @bE~@4mOu  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $ND90my  
            GetOperation eID, count, op b1 H7  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gXF.on4B  
                DeleteOperation eID,count uQWp+}>ZJy  
                count=count-1 %iX/y  
            End If (xbIUz.  
            count=count+1 QsM*wT&aa  
        Wend 'P,,<nkr|  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Jb9F=s+  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 \x(.d.l/  
        op.parent = parID K|Om5 p  
        AddOperation eID, op ]r!QmWw~V  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam zPHy2H$28  
    ">cqt>2 A  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description T30Zk*V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ldYeX+J _  
        GetEntity eID, entity g9`[Y~  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "U*5Z:8?9  
        SetEntity eID, entity B2Qp}  
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        Update FZH-q!"^cK  
        Print "DONE!" BD4`eiu"  
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    End Sub rtus`A5p  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: }f]b't  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters `/0u{[  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm }s(C^0x  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 rpSr^slr  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 "9%q bM B  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 %EWq2'/5  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 }I]W'<jY  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 =!<^^6LZ  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 :6zC4Sr^  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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