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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 ^91sl5c8yD  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 X2 \E9hJg  
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模型 s?^,iQ+tp  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 0W~.WkD  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. -l-AToO4  
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光源 bbd0ocva  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 A$7Eo`Of  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 Q&u>7_, Du  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 z@!^ow)`J  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 M'\pkzx  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 }  c{Fa&  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 HG3.~ 6X  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 $!a?i@  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 8dc538:q}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Lb!r(o>8Cb  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 (F_w>w.h  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 6yN" l Q7  
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分析 !loO%3_)  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 AvZXRN1:'  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 DX|uHbGg  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. #De(*&y2  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY CP +4k.)*O  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 9KXym }  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 9 >%+bA(  
    Dim A As Double 1sD~7KPg?  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Pfm*<,'x"[  
    Dim eID As Long rWJ*e Y  
    Dim parID As Long p[u4,  
    Dim count As Integer _ ~|Q4AJ  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double $;y1Q iel  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 6?O}Q7G  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double C}9Kx }q  
    Dim ok As Long Q ]/B/  
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    Sub Main rmoJ =.'  
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        '用户输入对话框 cu<y8 :U<  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 M=W 4:H,gx  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 L/)B}8m\  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ^L ]B5,} -  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 YhS{$ Z  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 +uELTHH=  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 xLZ bU4  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 |!oXvXU  
        End Dialog )XpV u  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ;t|,nz4kJ  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) V7BsEw  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed RYH)AS4w'  
            Print "Execution cancelled." bGu([VB  
            End bTiBmS  
        End If >{b3>s~T  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty $.9 +{mz  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then %uua_&#)  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation hD*(AJ  
        Else ).Q[!lly   
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) * .o"ZVl  
        End If pUGN!3  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then rfc|`*m}0  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 1) 'Iu`k/  
        Else ZB$NVY  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Gp8psH  
        End If nn'Af,ko/  
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        Print " " js -2"I  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 94y9W#  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" fq=:h\\G  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation B 2Z0  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 6m@0;Ht  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens :Pf>Z? /d  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens hVkO%]?  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens #n#HzbT  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens AX K95eS  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 5x2L(l-2  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction DL1 +c`d  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation  HD H  
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        '************************************************************************* ki#bPgT  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) :]-$dEu&  
        '************************************************************************* .lr5!Stb  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) T0Q51Q  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity c ;^A)_/  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5VZjDg?  
    )(]Envb?A0  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z #2N_/J(U  
        count = 0 # M>wH`Q#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %{"dP%|w4}  
            GetOperation eID, count, op r>O|L%xpv  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >4c`UW  
                DeleteOperation eID,count tpGCrn2w>  
                count=count-1 ]=Pu\eE  
            End If wV>c" J  
            count=count+1 kV+ R5R  
        Wend -K^41W71  
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        'Set new shift in |T y=7d,  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" =Epq%,4nG  
        op.val1 = taq d'OGVN  
        op.parent = parID _A3X6  
        AddOperation eID, op QF&6?e06p0  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 x,uBJ  
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        '************************************************************************* Tyd h9I  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -N4z-ozhC  
        '************************************************************************* ]x_F{&6U8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) uJ 8x  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic bw5T2wYZ  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 37jQ'O U  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant _D JCsK|  
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        '************************************************************************* R{`gR"*  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens D )gD<  
        '************************************************************************* lRH0)5`  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" )  p[Hr39o  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /ao<A\KR  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost CW;m  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost qRl/Sl#F  
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        '************************************************************************* UFf,+4q  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) > Y ] _K  
        '************************************************************************* --A&TV  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) kC31$jMC3!  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) x{?sn  
        count = 0 N6q5`Ry  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count j/' g$  
            GetOperation eID, count, op uQ^hV%|"  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ThiN9! Y  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 4|=vxJ  
                count=count-1 BjvdnbJg  
            End If XR+rT  
            count=count+1 "/!'9na{QL  
        Wend 03F3q4"  
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        'Set new z-shift 506V0]`/  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,(;5%+#n  
        op.val1 = tlens 1OP" 5f  
        op.parent = parID dk8y>uLr_  
        AddOperation eID, op DyIV/  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens L20rv:W$h  
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        '************************************************************************* Z'e\_C  
        'Lens index of refraction %Co b(C&}  
        '************************************************************************* qw2)v*Fn  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) | @ *3^'  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat zhjJ>d%w  
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        mat.Nd = nlens &#-[Y:?lA  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat bOe<\Y$  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens nd;O(s;  
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        '************************************************************************* gW}}5Xq  
        'Pupil diameter ?Nu#]u-  
        '************************************************************************* KX=/B=3~  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) #<UuI9  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) d=F)y~&'  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" jzQ I>u  
    ;M-,HK4=  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens umryA{Ps  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Hva{A #  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 4rm87/u*0  
        count = 0 ,[^o9u uB  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count aX]y`  
            GetOperation eID, count, op s<,"Hsh^CR  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [?|5 oaK  
                DeleteOperation eID,count =/m}rcDN  
                count=count-1 -CwWs~!  
            End If }FZp 840  
            count=count+1 =@%MV(  
        Wend 0OEtU5lf`y  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;2BPPZ  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 \wTW?>o Z  
        op.parent = parID 0$!.c~  
        AddOperation eID, op 9 #:ue@)  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam w2' 3S#nZ  
    vRxL&8`&  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description aK-N}T  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 9z5z  
        GetEntity eID, entity nMeSCX  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ,znL,%s  
        SetEntity eID, entity g*^wF?t'T  
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        Update 7@3M]5:3g  
        Print "DONE!" xR _DY'z  
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    End Sub WGluZhRuT3  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ]D?oQ$q7  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ;wfH^2HxE)  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Fv<]mu  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ud 5x$`  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 !P+~ c0DF  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 0GF%~6  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 +38Lojb}   
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 CR P7U  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 zv>ZrFl*  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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