首页 -> 登录 -> 注册 -> 回复主题 -> 发表主题
光行天下 -> 讯技光电&黉论教育 -> Arizona眼睛模型 [点此返回论坛查看本帖完整版本] [打印本页]

infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 6X+}>qy  
[j6~}zu@  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 1JTbCS  
!awh*Xj6  
模型 GCE!$W  
AvRcS]@=  
模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 rFag@Z"["  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
[attachment=111140]
y[HQBv  
=xEk7'W6k  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Y4~vC[$ x'  
"!&B4  
光源 C@dGWAG  
KvFR8s  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Md(JIlh3  
*M!kA65'  
[attachment=111141]
图1. 光源和提示信息使用
<GWR7rUH  
LZWS^77  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 {Qtq7q.  
oW'PO Ar  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 D?u`  
[attachment=111142]
图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 l=Wd,$\  
nlfPg-78B+  
[attachment=111143]
图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
dXP6"V@iI  
<Ry $7t,  
视网膜的散射 wkT;a&_  
?R?Grw)`H  
在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 &G{2s J5{  
IhW7^(p\  
[attachment=111144]
图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
N_vXYaY  
*caLN,G  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ?:}Pa<D&K  
9y+[o  
[attachment=111145]
图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
ZO7bSxAN-  
R#0{Wg0O)  
脚本 RWE~&w G}  
>~&(P_<b  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 7Dl%UG]  
[attachment=111146]
图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
_'c+fG \  
[attachment=111147]
图7. 用户对话框编辑器
i| xt f  
 rA#s   
如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 94z8B;+ H]  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 v' 0!=r  
*]!l%Uf%  
分析 fOW_h  
F"BL #g66  
屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 STlPT5e.}  
[attachment=111148]
图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
4g!7 4a  
u{+!& 2}k  
脚本代码 jM\ %$_/  
5DSuUEvWcL  
  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. J 9a $AU*  
    /| f[us-w  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Doj(.wm~  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION P!>g7X  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL T&4fBMBp,%  
    Dim A As Double =~",/I?  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double JjDS"hK#  
    Dim eID As Long #01/(:7  
    Dim parID As Long QRagz, c  
    Dim count As Integer ' fl(N2t  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double AY@k-4  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 1)Eq&ASB  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ^?sSx!:bZ  
    Dim ok As Long C M^r|4 K  
    +{0=<2(EC  
    Sub Main Fva]*5  
    HqRCjD  
        '用户输入对话框 [k ~C+FI  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 XC}1_VWs  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 >.@MR<H#5  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 4L $};L  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 "MTq{f2?  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 } Ab _o#Zy  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 |DGCdB|`G  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 d1lH[r!Z  
        End Dialog U 5clQiow  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ,L~snR'w  
    _;V YFs  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) Uk|9@Auav  
    |} 9GHjG  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed @QX4 \  
            Print "Execution cancelled." YOlH*cZtg  
            End v<`$bvv?  
        End If 3m~U(yho  
    P8u"T!G  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty BMF3XcH~G  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then rSbQ}O4V  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 6iyt2q kh  
        Else qWkx:-g]  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Upu%.[7  
        End If )Jmw|B  
    W >Kp\tD  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then L% zuI& q  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter eNivlJ,K|@  
        Else 8@Q"YA 3d+  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) |B,dEx/uU  
        End If m9uUDq#GJ  
    %"{?[!C ?  
        Print " " 9/^d~ ZO  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" FmR\`yY_,  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ayN*fiV]  
    vDWr|M%``l  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation )~G8 LZ  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness hg!x_Eq|  
    40rZ~!}  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens YqkA&qL]#;  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens zab w!@]  
    >&g2 IvDS  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 8 `yB  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens =:kiSrBS3t  
    (1OW6xtfG  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ;%M2x5  
    kK08W3@&t  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction s-fKh`  
    N" 8*FiZ|  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation '! #On/  
    7ucx6J]c  
        '************************************************************************* 6 bYC  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 3{I=.mUUm  
        '************************************************************************* Z+OAs0}mV  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0oXK&Z  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ~>lOl/n5  
    f;&` 9s| 1  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }3LBbG0Bw  
    -Cg`x=G;z  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 8|fLe\"  
        count = 0 +!D=SnBGs  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count PV5-^Y"v  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 5+o 2 T]  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then uv?8V@x2  
                DeleteOperation eID,count CD*f4I#d  
                count=count-1 >|y>e{P  
            End If dw@TbJ  
            count=count+1 = E##},N"  
        Wend 6tDg3`w>  
    5)h+(u C3  
        'Set new shift in -Y5YCY!`  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" }(8D!XgWa  
        op.val1 = taq T2;v<(  
        op.parent = parID yd\5Z[iEp  
        AddOperation eID, op f$~ _FX  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55  zZS>+O  
    FF5tPHB  
        '************************************************************************* /F\>Z]  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens $`-SVC  
        '************************************************************************* |_xZ/DT  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Lg\8NtP   
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ,AGM?&A  
    ~xsb5M5  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant tg4LE?nv  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant u&hDjE  
     m^W*[ ^p  
        '************************************************************************* R!:eYoQ  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens a>-}\GXTA  
        '************************************************************************* 44<9zHK  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) cij]&$;Q  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic cKvAR5|  
    g] 7{ 5  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost lo IL{2  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ,n /SDEL  
    \}]=?}(  
        '*************************************************************************  60Xl.  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) dXf]G6  
        '************************************************************************* r_qncy,F  
    #U\&i`  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0xvMR&.H  
    (Von;U  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) >x|A7iWn{,  
        count = 0 HM(bR"E  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -+j9X;h:  
            GetOperation eID, count, op tkm~KLWV&7  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then B` t6H  
                DeleteOperation eID,count MX4 :e>dtd  
                count=count-1 e{q p!N1!  
            End If y{&{=1#  
            count=count+1 k8Su/U  
        Wend 46Y7HTwE  
     8o%<.]   
        'Set new z-shift |g: '')>[  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" z<3}TD  
        op.val1 = tlens Kd AR)EU>  
        op.parent = parID =DmPPl{  
        AddOperation eID, op /Gh x2B  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens EA%#/n  
    b7>-aem@I  
        '************************************************************************* l"~h1xk~  
        'Lens index of refraction ur~Tql  
        '************************************************************************* @@&@}IQcR1  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) On2Vf*G@|  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat <.?^LT  
    "R\\\I7u  
        mat.Nd = nlens i"r.>X'Z  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 8`rAE_n`%  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens lyOrM7Gs  
    eJVOVPg<,  
        '************************************************************************* N~Sue  
        'Pupil diameter ?=|) n%  
        '************************************************************************* ^)%wq@Hi  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) .H[Lo>  
    Hm8EYPr J  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) }{w_>!ee  
    ^}Dv$\;6  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" tswG"1R  
    2\iD;Z#gM  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens mXN1b!  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) C7fi1~  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) u}@% 70A  
        count = 0 %;"B;~  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q9a wzj  
            GetOperation eID, count, op &s6(3k  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4o)\DB?!  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ek0;8Ds9  
                count=count-1 l66ipgw_^I  
            End If !z4Hj{A_  
            count=count+1 0F;(_2V-  
        Wend Tr}$Pb1  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" |]2eGrGj4  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 fi-&[llg  
        op.parent = parID d= T9mj.@  
        AddOperation eID, op ,{mf+ 3&$,  
    7]HIE]#  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam _>:=<xyOq  
    &oK/ ]lub  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 2dV\=vd  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [2H(yLwO  
        GetEntity eID, entity WHD/s  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" iw]B QjK  
        SetEntity eID, entity WY. \<$7  
     "ppb%=  
        Update ,*}g r  
        Print "DONE!" 2M( PH]D  
    nLN6@  
    End Sub k @/SeE  
    Ll E_{||h  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: n-| i  
    /o06hy  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ^$s~qQQ}B  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm %>z8:oJ  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 m*Lv,yw %a  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 .]P;fCQmM  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 }zfLm` vJ  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 t%YX-@  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Bc"}nSjH  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 O t4+VbB6  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
太赞了,终于看到完整的文档
查看本帖完整版本: [-- Arizona眼睛模型 --] [-- top --]

Copyright © 2005-2025 光行天下 蜀ICP备06003254号-1 网站统计