Arizona眼睛模型
简介 2b3*zB*@V :$94y{ 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 .Qi`5C:U yLY2_p-X 模型 Z#oo8 6
#QS5 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 HVk3F|]V Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] O %)+ w H=wmN0s{< 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. UO!OO&l! Ay2|@1e 光源 [IHT)%>E8& p*dez! 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。
o>W}1_ 5E.cJ{ [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 ^pg5o)M 40 :YJ_n 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。
4uTYuaCNs ETtK%%F0 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 1nvs51?H [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 kvo741RO6 pR~PB [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 Xbap'/t
|5Z@7 视网膜的散射 k:d'aP3 v3hNvcMpf 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ['sIR+c%'O Bp4QHv9xqL [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 D6v0n6w CBO8^M<K 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 SmtH2%y I ,a?em'= [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 sG^b_3o)A S&]JY 脚本 r]8B6iV (zTr/ 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: HPU7
` b4 [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 H]}-
U8}sp [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 Nf$Y-v?i Gq0~&6 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 P=S)V 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 27Lya!/ Q_@
Z.{ 分析 Rfgc^ 3:j V{a 7@_y 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Z\@vN[[ [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 4; j#7 hDz_BvE 脚本代码 |e+I5 KiCZEA
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. VQLo
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9l(e:_`_ Dim entity As T_ENTITY C#vh2' Dim op As T_OPERATION I.\u2B/? Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4jar5Mz Dim A As Double JRl8S Dim pupilDiam As Double dqG+hh^ Dim eID As Long N7Ne Dim parID As Long *rW] HNz Dim count As Integer N%>/
e'( Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (o e;pa Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ~L 4"t_- Dim curv As Double, conic As Double bt~-=\ Dim ok As Long 3>?ip; Te5_T&1Z Sub Main PhW#=S 6
rmK_Y '用户输入对话框 #H5*]"w6I Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 a@m>S$S TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 5#:tL&q Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 U,g!KN3P OKButton 40,91,90,21 BHU(Hd CancelButton 190,91,90,21 m*[" Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 R=8!]Oi6 TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 MR8-xO'w End Dialog ,g^Bu{? Dim dlg As UserDialog !Ng^k>*h s{A-K5S ok = Dialog (dlg) |=GRPvvi o#w6]Fmc If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed 6bfk4k Print "Execution cancelled." &Vl,x/ End ' OJXllGi End If .R:eN&Y8y xG<S2R2VQh 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ~\XB' If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then c*6o{x}K A = 0 'Default accommodation !.p! Else orTTjV]_m A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) l<v/T End If y(N-1 y)/d- If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Zwq
uS9 pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter G#lzB`i Else l;?.YtMg pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) $\a;?>WA" End If TcRnjsY$ LzgD#Kz Print " " }rGDM Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ?k"KZxpT Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" b6NttY!3 f+/^1~^ ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation L@G)K taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness Jr1^qY`0+ R[#5E|` `9 Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens ?g<*1N?: CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens Y&gfe8%5N %/'[GC'y! Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens Ke,-8e#Q CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens MTqbQ69v +>I4@1qC-| tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness 6aK%s{%3s w.0.||C
O nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction (EohxLl !p 5^%^8o 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation -"a]) -
j hO(HwG?8t '************************************************************************* 40@KL$B= 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ClfpA?vv '************************************************************************* Ik kJ4G eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) b?bIxCA8 GetCustomElement eID, entity FtF!Dtv m"v` E7G parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) g%\e80~1 ( ;$0za]x ' Delete any shift(s) in z j^64 :3 count = 0 ^?juY}rZ=| While GetOperationCount(eID)>count k$+& GetOperation eID, count, op <F!:dyl If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ex*g>~e DeleteOperation eID,count s)To# count=count-1 $G=\i>R. End If s:fnOMv
" count=count+1 ~ 4&_$e! Wend heh!cDK VD=$:F] 'Set new shift in q].C>R*ux8 op.Type = "ShiftZ" QZwRg&d<o op.val1 = taq oxad}Y op.parent = parID ]=_BK!O AddOperation eID, op tv;3~Y0i Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Mz"kaO J4co@=AJ '************************************************************************* Z:n33xh=< 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens t@4vEKw?.X '************************************************************************* WcUeWGC> eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) |kVxrq GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic -R\}Q" cb
UVeh7Q SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant MD1,KH+O Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @-MrmF)<U 5 wc&0h '************************************************************************* V];RQWs 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens _VM J q9. '************************************************************************* QeQbO eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #Io#OG<7b GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic N;D+]_;0| ]_-$ SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost i:zA( Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost [jLx}\] |]B]0J#_ '************************************************************************* ({i| 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) d&U;rMEv '************************************************************************* m<076O4|` [S9n F parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #u2PAZ@qd G-:DMjvN ' Delete any z-shift(s) OZv&{_b_ count = 0 uZ'5&k96T While GetOperationCount(eID)>count YE-kdzff GetOperation eID, count, op VLOyUt~O# If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then iu:e> r DeleteOperation eID,count +~[19'GH count=count-1 CiMN J End If =|G PSRQ count=count+1 4<O[d Wend A&t}s
#3 ph|3M<q6 'Set new z-shift ^7_<rs op.Type = "ShiftZ" fh 2Pn!h+ op.val1 = tlens Yhx~5p op.parent = parID x,1&ml5 AddOperation eID, op >%W"u`Q Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens c''!&;[! lc/2!:g '************************************************************************* *]H ./a:1 'Lens index of refraction {<|0M%v '************************************************************************* \K)q$E<! eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) w!xSYh') GetModelMaterial eID, mat T$q]iSgu +q2l,{|? mat.Nd = nlens '~a!~F~> SetModelMaterial eID, mat KT|$vw2b Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens WIhf*LF" 8p!PR^OM@ '************************************************************************* 9^}GUJy? 'Pupil diameter #6YNgJNk '************************************************************************* 0_Y;r{3m" eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) E@N_~1 MW&;{m?2( 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) /Ia#udkNMp *F9uv)[kz SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" _=cMa's .jRXHrK; ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens wv*r}{%7g[ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2R1W[,Ga! eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) jy1*E3vQ count = 0 !X,=RR`zT While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ME7JU|@Z GetOperation eID, count, op E]e6a^J# If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then V 1Fdt+# DeleteOperation eID,count 7zNyH(. count=count-1 g,q&A$Wi End If {X<tUco count=count+1 ?Jx8z`( Wend Cx@, J\rsQ op.Type = "ShiftZ" N8!B2uPQ op.val1 = taq-0.01 AAs&wYp8Yh op.parent = parID <CH7jbK AddOperation eID, op Sx pl% rA_e3L@v#[ Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam J M`uIVnNA XCk \#(VSE 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description @F=4B0= eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `zTVup& GetEntity eID, entity le1'r>E$ entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" _E?(cWC SetEntity eID, entity |D<~a(0 JNsK Update jd$lu^>I Print "DONE!" {=&
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