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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 Z8 n%=(He  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 T eTOj|  
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模型 !PTbR4s  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 c)YGwkY,,  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. R*#Q=_  
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光源 ? NK} q\$  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 zQfxw?~A  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 3<E$m *  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 OB@t(KNx*P  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 na; ^/_U@  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 }#^F'%zf  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 `t2! M\)  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 )ISTb  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 AV! cCQ  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Rgu^> ~   
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 N*W.V,6yH  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 D._r@~o  
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分析 1)ne-e  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 &9tsk#bA.g  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 Sa5y7   
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Gx($q;8  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY ,88}5)b[  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION g.Q ?Z{  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL KivzgNz  
    Dim A As Double Ns(F%zkm  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double $-73}[UA 4  
    Dim eID As Long g;T`~  
    Dim parID As Long 9"TPDU7"  
    Dim count As Integer *6DKU CA/  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Vv]mME@  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 1)y}.y5S  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double /2(F  
    Dim ok As Long F44")fY  
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    Sub Main %VCHM GP=  
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        '用户输入对话框 gC_U7aw  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 #%~wuCn<K  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 KVBz=  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 *&s_u)b  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Jh1fM`kB5K  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Flsf5 Tr0  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 K2JS2Y]  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 $|KbjpQ  
        End Dialog V0>,Kxk  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog P:G^@B3^  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) Ktoxl+I?  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed }QK-@T@4<  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 9#+X?|p+0  
            End h8Gp>b  
        End If UWz<~Vy  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty WE\V<MGS/  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then yo5|~"yZY  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation wNn6".S   
        Else \O[Cae:^?  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 7+fFKZFKF  
        End If U.&=b<f(0r  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 7C=t19&R'  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Tw$lakw  
        Else Vx'_fb?wap  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) "~tEmMz  
        End If :2La,  
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        Print " " 6u7>S?  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" n<MH\.!tM  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" @#nB]qV:e  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Zx@{nVoYe~  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness  vO 3fAB  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Rh iiQ  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens tJc9R2  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens d+$a5 [^9  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens $w{#o E  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness (h%!Kun  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction to2dkU  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ^8-CUH\  
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        '************************************************************************* k1W q$KCwG  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ex1bjM7  
        '************************************************************************* {'T=&`&OF  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) x pT85D  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity t0(1qFi  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) j'g':U  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 6"b =aPTi  
        count = 0  1)U%p  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count jNBvy1  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 9v=5x[fE  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lku}I4  
                DeleteOperation eID,count r&U5w^p  
                count=count-1 sE{A~{a`  
            End If |hk?'WGc`0  
            count=count+1 g)nsP  
        Wend :_X9x{  
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        'Set new shift in x8|sdZFxo  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" NBU[>P  
        op.val1 = taq 'tm%3` F  
        op.parent = parID O0[.*xG  
        AddOperation eID, op ckG`^<  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 =^#^Mq)  
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        '************************************************************************* [<CIh46S.  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens j+YA/54`  
        '************************************************************************* MZ]#9/  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) %iMRJ}8(7  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic qD0sD2 x  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant jg%HaA<zO  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 4AA3D!$  
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        '************************************************************************* RHe'L36W  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens @'XxMO[Z!<  
        '************************************************************************* ` 9iB`<  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) R{N9'2l:  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (^,4{;YQ5  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost /-J12O  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost KPW2e2{4@  
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        '************************************************************************* n_ORD@$]  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ?7n(6kmj4Q  
        '************************************************************************* { [Sd[P  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (rDB|kc^7  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) Dj0`#~  
        count = 0 ^ hoz<Ns  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count LY> -kz]  
            GetOperation eID, count, op b d!|/Lk  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "j(?fVx  
                DeleteOperation eID,count D`|.%  
                count=count-1 SY: gr  
            End If fYv= yP~  
            count=count+1 5yC$G{yV  
        Wend AL(YQ )-Cg  
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        'Set new z-shift {Vg8pt  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" @#wBK3Ut^  
        op.val1 = tlens ?uiQ'}   
        op.parent = parID 8 oK;Tzh  
        AddOperation eID, op RfM uWo:  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens {i}z|'!  
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        '************************************************************************* )qi/>GR,  
        'Lens index of refraction _ 9@D o6  
        '************************************************************************* G|WO  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) f{]eb1  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat QEUr+7[  
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        mat.Nd = nlens fWr6f`de  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat rkp 1tv  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Cpyv@+;D  
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        '************************************************************************* 8|\0\Wd;vu  
        'Pupil diameter  ppwjr +  
        '************************************************************************* uU&,KEH  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) I(i/|S&^  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole)  8(.DI/  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" H,/|pP.  
    }7`HJ>+m)H  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens qNhV zx  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \,U#^Vr  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) D][e uB  
        count = 0 \ 2cI=Qf  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count aWp9K+4R$/  
            GetOperation eID, count, op r*-e~  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Iyo ey  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 9t`Z_HwdCb  
                count=count-1 5&&6e`  
            End If 3YtFO;-  
            count=count+1  QuJ~h}k  
        Wend e ]@Ex  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" uO4kCK<7C  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 'f+g`t?  
        op.parent = parID IEi E6z]L(  
        AddOperation eID, op q&eUw<(F  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam P'4oI0Bw  
    ? J;*  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 0YMmWxV  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) pq \M;&  
        GetEntity eID, entity c|f)k:Q  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 8,E#vQ55}(  
        SetEntity eID, entity =:fFu,+{  
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        Update {gSR49!Q  
        Print "DONE!" V;b^b5yZ>  
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    End Sub won(HK\1p  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: .Yxx   
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters PB !\r}Q  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm "HWl7c3q  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 P7IxN)b7  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 |"[[.Adw9"  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 X#s:C=q1  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 R5QSf+/T4  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 4|+6a6  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 $qN+BKd]3  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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