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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 wC{=o`v s$C;31k 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 yZb@ 1;fs`k0p 模型 8!3+Obj PP. k>zsx 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 [_|iW%<` Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] %saTyF, '&?47+W 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. >%qGK-_ 3Nr8H.u&q 光源 Kw(/#C:$ U>e@m? 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 GE Xz)4[ L^RyJ;^c [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 csRba;Z[ 7vNS@[8 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 6:v8J1G(< qI<*Cze 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ?TMo6SU [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 PgB=<#9 a+A/l [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 S&_ZQLiQ$ 6du"^g 视网膜的散射 Oq*a4_R'YV Vn];vN 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 j[iJo
5 7; TS [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 @F=ZGmq 0 v/+%%4} 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 Jfo|/JQ V *S|Qy!p [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 QdO$,i' PA`b~Ct 脚本 -
CM;sXq tDy1Gh/c 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: m$QFtrvy [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 -/#3U{O [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 +(PtOo. js;IUSj. 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 0<nKB}9 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 d`({z]W; _[0Ugfz( 分析 wKk h=`rZC
屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 [0/ ?(i| [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 )I1LBvfQ <Y~V!9(~{Q 脚本代码 Qksw+ZjY#{ <@F4{*
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. xs.[]>nQN
d[TcA2nF Dim entity As T_ENTITY KC }B\~ + Dim op As T_OPERATION r)+dK}xl Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL V X211U.Q Dim A As Double 5wGyM10 Dim pupilDiam As Double Plm3vk= Dim eID As Long -BEPpwb<g Dim parID As Long "_?^uymw Dim count As Integer $PrzJc Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double tG%R_$* Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double
~ikTo - Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Hsp|<;Yg Dim ok As Long .~b6wi&n C$,S#n@ Sub Main 2GZUMXK Aqp3amW! '用户输入对话框 u6(7#n02 Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Bm~>w`1wK TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ?KS9Dh Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 &<tji8Dj OKButton 40,91,90,21 /Zm@.%. CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ~x4Y57 Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 *qz]vUb/0 TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ry7(V:ic End Dialog <<UlFE9" Dim dlg As UserDialog ?I7H ): v'_tna6`O ok = Dialog (dlg) i"_f46rP q!O~* If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed K32eZv`T7 Print "Execution cancelled." oiFtPki End (TnYUyFP` End If \u)s Zh f5sk,Z 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty t%FS 5 If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 8nZPY)o A = 0 'Default accommodation Crww\#E; Else }bB_[+YV`{ A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 4Pz9&^K End If { ET+V ZnmBb_eX If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 08.dV<P pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter B<0lif| Else DORFK pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Z ,T TI>P End If %/sf#8^m nY~CAo/: Print " " cFH,fj Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" M4DRG%21 Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" W6\s@)b; B*?v`6 ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation K-#Rm%J+Wy taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness fx_7B ( {8JJ$_ Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens } O!LTD CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens zL7+HY*3o */Y@:Sjf Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens VqYe0-^=P CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens nE/T)[1| g(<@r2p tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness Xw![}L> *_^AK=i nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction 0}w>8L7i{ .|o7YTcR: 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 'zpj_QM ggbew6L$Z '************************************************************************* T4Zp5m") 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Bj\0RmVa1 '************************************************************************* Va
!HcG1^: eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) vU~#6sl GetCustomElement eID, entity .}z&$:U9[ ZA:YoiaC# parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) G>H&M#7K /@% ' Delete any shift(s) in z &z,w0FOre count = 0 y]@_DL#J= While GetOperationCount(eID)>count GJH6b7I GetOperation eID, count, op r,0> 40^ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *t*yozN DeleteOperation eID,count |\,e9U> count=count-1 \:O5, wf2 End If U?@UIhtM| count=count+1 sLB{R#Pt Wend Q=>@:1= O5e9vQH 'Set new shift in JLs7[W)O op.Type = "ShiftZ" Bz]64/ op.val1 = taq O </< op.parent = parID scrNnO[3j AddOperation eID, op cMtkdIO Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 6rPe\'n=B c\-I+lMBi '************************************************************************* ))AjX 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens whRc YnJ '************************************************************************* ("IRv>} 0 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) L5PN]<~T GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic DJ=miJI' +EkZyM~z2 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant q/&Z6LJ) Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant \Mt(9jNK |J~;yO SD '************************************************************************* szWh#O5= 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 4qiG>^h9 '************************************************************************* GHH1jJ_[7 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) J6&;pCAi GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 1C'lT,twl 2<|+h=
& SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 1Te:&d Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost {TlS)i` $yhQ)@#1 '************************************************************************* a i}8+L8- 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \e ( h6,@ '************************************************************************* |W{z,e01x J/ <[irC parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .4.zy]I id GM%Faur ' Delete any z-shift(s) p Sc<3OI count = 0 &!m;s_gi While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^!N _Nx/M GetOperation eID, count, op 9C3q4.$D If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then >8o RO DeleteOperation eID,count u;;]S!:M count=count-1 7S 1
Y) End If VO[s:e9L count=count+1 M}3>5*!= Wend MQw{^6Z>1 _T8#36iR 'Set new z-shift ;lnh;0B op.Type = "ShiftZ" kcM9
,bG op.val1 = tlens V5%B,.d: op.parent = parID om9fg66 AddOperation eID, op v-_K'm Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens D_(xhM fMI4'.Od '************************************************************************* :v8j3= 'Lens index of refraction 4LJUO5(y@ '************************************************************************* q-X)tH_+w@ eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) #Ubzh`v GetModelMaterial eID, mat * t{A=Wk mEr*n mat.Nd = nlens $kvF]|<bu SetModelMaterial eID, mat ko$bCG% Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Quc9lL cAV9.VS<L '************************************************************************* a[[u>oHyd 'Pupil diameter srO{Ci0 '************************************************************************* F+v? 2|03 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 2<
w/GX. !7P 1%/ 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 03iO4yOu Z"]
ben SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Iy6"2$%a #rF|X6P ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens _<=U.T` parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) a
UAPh eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #4Xe zj,g* count = 0 K q: +{' While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0^?(;AK GetOperation eID, count, op Z,!
w.TYo If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4\Mh2z5 DeleteOperation eID,count &d[&8V5S count=count-1 J`Q#p%W End If 1 nIb/nY count=count+1 ,AhQA Wend #]q<fhJhr$ op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7-nwfp&|$ op.val1 = taq-0.01 `LEk/b1(P op.parent = parID .3Jggp AddOperation eID, op Z; r}Gm ?tQUZO Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 66,?f<b 9@nX 6\, 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ahU\(= eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) K!lGo3n] GetEntity eID, entity /NNe/7'l entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 9\0 SetEntity eID, entity @D[jUC$E q UY;CEf Update V)^nVD)e Print "DONE!" 24}r;=U wwF]+w%lOw End Sub .\7R/cP}{A _1VtVfiZ{ 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: vClD)Ar J0~Ha u Accommodation = 4 Diopters 6!
\a8q'z Pupil Diameter = 4 mm L0/0<d(K Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 qhRs5QXL Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 <VS\z(K Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 MW=2GhD= Set lens thickness = 3.927 S^]i Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 EGf9pcUEO& Set pupil diameter = 4 N J9H= DONE!
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