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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 GGp.u@\r  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ISGw}#}]?  
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模型 ij ?7MP  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 #7]Jz.S  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 'X;cgAq8(  
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光源 x4WCAqi/2  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Q;]JVT1  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 l7|z]v-  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Y4rxnXGw  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 "`>6M&`U  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 g-eJan&]N  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ;z'&$#pA  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 "wgPPop  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 )ros-d p`  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 76l. {TXF  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 3Bl|~K;-  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 1dN/H)]  
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分析 L]=]/>jQ6  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c8&3IzZ  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 k8s)PN  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. "yu{b]AU  
    Qw0k-t0=4  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY *y4DK6OFe  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION Q`k;E}x_-  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Zz0er|9]Q  
    Dim A As Double |Yli~Qx  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double I'5[8  
    Dim eID As Long R>bg3j  
    Dim parID As Long k6#$Nb606  
    Dim count As Integer ~cm4e>o  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double HM% +Y47a  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double (dg,w*t'  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double #N][-i  
    Dim ok As Long Zf$mwRS[_  
    Tb] 7# v  
    Sub Main T6/P54S  
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        '用户输入对话框 lat5n&RP Y  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 k+"];  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 _g Mr]%Q  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 G8}owszT  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ,1I-%6L  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 wqG#jC!5  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 T={!/y+  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 /4+L2O[  
        End Dialog ozY$}|sjDT  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog "M:ui0YP  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) :Quep-:fy<  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed p-j6H  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ?GX@&_  
            End E{)X ;kN=  
        End If yV`Tw"p  
    T'6`A<`3  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty q]1p Q)\'p  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then  L]l/w  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation mx)!]B"  
        Else @tSB^&jUWu  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) .-YE(}^  
        End If GG%;~4#2  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 0:Bpvl5  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter U`[viH>K  
        Else #|T"6jJaQ  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) {_!,T%>+1  
        End If 1Xi>&;],  
    jOCV)V9}  
        Print " " 9qDM0'WuU  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" &w9*pJR %  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" %KVmpWku  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation (1cB Tf  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness vw>(JCR  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens kMW9UUw  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens >-V632(/{o  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens P$z%:Q  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens +8xT}mX  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 5=*i!c _m  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction onmpMU7w  
    -'O|D}  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation r<kgYU`  
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        '************************************************************************* _N:$|O#  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }Tk:?U{  
        '************************************************************************* 13 h,V]ak  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) I~6(>Z{  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity ;07$G+['  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (gY W iz  
    _1RvK? ;.{  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ]gX8z#*k  
        count = 0 _"x%s  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count t{B@k[|  
            GetOperation eID, count, op y=pW+$k  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then P0; y  
                DeleteOperation eID,count VMF?qT3Nd  
                count=count-1 Q_p&~PNy5  
            End If q.R(>ZcV  
            count=count+1 #|8%h  
        Wend '4 d4i  
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        'Set new shift in > dVhIbG  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" fJ\?+,  
        op.val1 = taq QxPPgn7'  
        op.parent = parID Ohgu*5!o  
        AddOperation eID, op f99"~)B|  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 66-\}8f8a  
    "*/IP9?]  
        '************************************************************************* Wm"q8-<<  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens H!0m8LCnb  
        '************************************************************************* 1p5'.~J+Q  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Uc_ }="  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _'Jjt9@S  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 1P"{TMd?  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant $DfK}CT  
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        '************************************************************************* !w UznyYwt  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ugXDnM[S%  
        '************************************************************************* W$wX[  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) UAz^P6iQ`~  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic d 4tL  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ud(0}[  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost VJw7defc  
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        '************************************************************************* 5m'AT]5Tn_  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) KF(y`(8f  
        '************************************************************************* 49>b]f,Vc  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) C7R3W,  
    &-o5lrq  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) j&/+/s9N  
        count = 0 -1B.A  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Q jXJo$I6  
            GetOperation eID, count, op :4)x  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then KwMt@1Z  
                DeleteOperation eID,count *-fd$l.  
                count=count-1 3rFku"z T$  
            End If dHiir&Rd9`  
            count=count+1 tA4Ra,-c  
        Wend )M"NMUuU"  
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        'Set new z-shift -3? <Ja  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" W+u,[_  
        op.val1 = tlens un!v1g9O  
        op.parent = parID |S).,B  
        AddOperation eID, op fnr8{sr.2Z  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Iv3yDL;  
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        '************************************************************************* x ~)~v?>T  
        'Lens index of refraction ng|^Zm%   
        '************************************************************************* 4qE4 i:b  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) \reVA$M [  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat u/|@iWK:  
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        mat.Nd = nlens Q\IViM  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat uUx7>algF  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens (O(TFE5^  
    y2?9pVLa\y  
        '************************************************************************* FsO-xG"@"  
        'Pupil diameter a%HNz_ro  
        '************************************************************************* [/*;}NUv  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) @+zWLq!1pB  
    3'6 UvAXFH  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) x.t&NP^V)  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" -le^ 5M7  
    V D7^wd9  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "8ZV%%elp  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 'xai5X  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) oI`Mn3N  
        count = 0 YWd2bRb  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count EI?8/c  
            GetOperation eID, count, op tvVf)bbz  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _~CJitR3  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Z/:yYSq  
                count=count-1 ^|vk^`S  
            End If SfPQ;s'  
            count=count+1 r6Vw!^]8u8  
        Wend GwDOxH'  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" saZK+kD4I  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 WdS1v%  
        op.parent = parID g%]<sRl:-  
        AddOperation eID, op aw lq/  
    [];wP '*  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ,%x2SyA  
    KLG.?`h:  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ,Js_d  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) M^HYkXn[  
        GetEntity eID, entity fk?!0M6d  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 7=X6_AD  
        SetEntity eID, entity x4g6Qze  
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        Update YZOwr72VL  
        Print "DONE!" FVP,$  
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    End Sub 3I}AA.h'00  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: RaTNA W)v>  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters O\;Lb[`lb  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm [X@{xF^vBQ  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 x~Z7p)D_<  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 [{xY3WS  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 3K~^H1l  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 r^"sZk#  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 pcOi%D,o  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 [D+PDR  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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