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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 Zu P3/d  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 .cmhi3o4  
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模型 {e0aH `me  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 %0 U@k!lP  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. twaH20  
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光源 ww'B!Ml>F  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 VjZb\ d4  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 1WY$Vs  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 p-7?S^!l  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 {WeRFiQ?-  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 qa6HwlC1  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ;B :\e8  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 7&V3f=aj6  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 S@4bpnhK  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: KT<N ;[;  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 =v{ R(IX%  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 X{h[    
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分析 `_J>R  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 | Y(  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 !~-@sq  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 8,B#W#*{  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY F@ZB6~T~.  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION @,pn/[  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL OoZv\"}!_  
    Dim A As Double ]:4\ rBR3  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double m`@~ZIa?>B  
    Dim eID As Long xQqZi b5I  
    Dim parID As Long }7qboUGe  
    Dim count As Integer t & 5s.  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double miY=xwK&  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double tA K=W$r  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double mDA1$fj"  
    Dim ok As Long 01+TVWKX  
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    Sub Main TZObjSm_v  
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        '用户输入对话框 z_Pq5  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 h<BTu7a`r  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 mxCqN1:#  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 d ?,wEfwp  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 1(Lq9hs`  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 XBTjb  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Ga;Lm?6-  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 1]7v3m  
        End Dialog b .xG'  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog {XLRrU!*  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 2:6lr4{uY  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed NF_[q(k'  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ^O3p:X4u  
            End #23($CSE  
        End If +3-f$/po  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty <T$rvS  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <\?dPRw2>  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ov'C0e+o  
        Else twql)lbx  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) XJ?zP=UK  
        End If 12bztlv  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ezr'"1Ba}  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 6W N(Tw  
        Else 2 57q%"  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Gq.fQ_oOb  
        End If ^:o^g'Yab  
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        Print " " K1-y[pS]E  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" <{k8 K6  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >jm^MS=  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation JE[J}-2  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ,<=_t{^  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens fZ  pUnc  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ??g = `yH  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens uSNlI78D  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens /m+.5Qz9)@  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness I<$m%  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction UAtdRVi]M  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation p~Mw^SN'  
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        '************************************************************************* (l:LG"sy\  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Rnk&:c  
        '************************************************************************* ^ V8?6E  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !FbW3p f  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity S(hT3MAW  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $R/@%U)-o  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z C'fQ Z,r-v  
        count = 0 OG2&=~hOz-  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count >S HW  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 5@{~8 30  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then (Z at|R.F  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Ip;;@o&D  
                count=count-1 O}q(2[*i  
            End If =-n7/  
            count=count+1 EL1*@  
        Wend hrTl:\  
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        'Set new shift in fZrB!\Q  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" U#F(%b-LC  
        op.val1 = taq 8DZ OPA  
        op.parent = parID D>"!7+t|@a  
        AddOperation eID, op MD=!a5'  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 R ;3!?`  
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        '************************************************************************* p"=8{LrO  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens , @dhJ8/  
        '************************************************************************* >&uR=Yd  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 17B`  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _:?b -44  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 3Vb/Mn!k  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Zi ;7.PqL  
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        '************************************************************************* )TyI~5>;  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens .0#{ ?R,  
        '************************************************************************* khfWU  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) "!_,N@\t  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic WEk3 4crk  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost gl!F)RdH  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost rJ fO/WK  
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        '************************************************************************* *|&&3&7  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 3d*wZ9qz  
        '************************************************************************* xY1@Ja  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) [HSN*LXe  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) =1Tn~)^O  
        count = 0 F`JW&r\  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h&m4"HBL_  
            GetOperation eID, count, op n3JSEu;J  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then H(F9&6}  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 2, r{zJ8  
                count=count-1 QVPJ$~x  
            End If [,|;rt\o>  
            count=count+1 P_%kYcX'  
        Wend u13v@<HGc  
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        'Set new z-shift +]jJ:V  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8Xk,Nbcqt  
        op.val1 = tlens @rt}z+JF  
        op.parent = parID :tcqb2p  
        AddOperation eID, op ^U0)iz  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens a qIpO  
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        '************************************************************************* `ls^fnJTpf  
        'Lens index of refraction WTQd}f  
        '************************************************************************* o&U/e\zy  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ps@{1Rn1  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 73>Hzpv0  
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        mat.Nd = nlens W`` -/  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat -x2&IJ!  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens _Q6` Wp6m  
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        '************************************************************************* Q!v]njCIB7  
        'Pupil diameter N"&qy3F  
        '************************************************************************* Kzf^ras4u  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ?D S|vCae  
    |FxTP&8~  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) \R (Yf!>  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder"  $qyST  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens BewJ!,A!  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) R\,qL-Br  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) V[baGNe  
        count = 0 `} :~,E  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Tl`HFZQ1  
            GetOperation eID, count, op <) ltvo(  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then wl:[Ad  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Nr:%yvk%s  
                count=count-1  Jyo(Etp  
            End If &1$|KbmV4  
            count=count+1 fVx_]5jM  
        Wend cSWn4-B@l  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1]]#HTwX  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 'NDDj0Y  
        op.parent = parID Ul%D}(,  
        AddOperation eID, op Spt;m0W90  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam *ci%c^}V  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 1JWo~E'  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %:/?eZ  
        GetEntity eID, entity KB6`OT^b{r  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" J\c\Ar :  
        SetEntity eID, entity W:*  {7qJ  
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        Update Xgyi}~AoaU  
        Print "DONE!" o%.0@W  
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    End Sub A~%h*nZc%I  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ?QG?F9?  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters S^*ME*DDz  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm [ %:%C]4  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 o0\d`0-el  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 5;_&C=[  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 HlC[Nu^6U  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 (4oO8 aBB  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 VSW"/{Lp  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Ze-MB0w  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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