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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 N]sX r  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?iBHJ{  
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模型 4&/-xg87(  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 BE }qwP^  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. o;JBe"1  
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光源 r(yb%p+  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 \0pJ+@\T9  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 pz^"~0o5  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 <_H0Q_/(  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 !`='K +  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 _wf"E(c3D  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 <S0!$.Kg*<  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 eeb 8v:4  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 v(4C?vxhG  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: $X~=M_ W  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 qg6Hk:^r  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 n]coqJ  
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分析 =$Q3!bJ  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 a$t [}D2  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 uNhAfZ  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. PD/JXExK  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY )vGRfFjw_  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION <)n   
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n7<<}wcV  
    Dim A As Double !b _<_Y{l  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 9fl !CG  
    Dim eID As Long ~T4 =Id  
    Dim parID As Long !8=uBS%  
    Dim count As Integer e$>5GM  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double <J H0 &  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double vW)GUAF[  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double p-KuCobz]  
    Dim ok As Long XcfTE m  
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    Sub Main 2,QkktJLo  
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        '用户输入对话框 MB"?^~Sm  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 [sKdIw_  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 m_Fw ;s/9  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 4qm5`o\hb  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 GF/p|I D  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 w@%W{aUC  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 J$WIF&*0@  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 O &w$  
        End Dialog #sqDZ]\B  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog < m9O0  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) ;_Rx|~!!  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed nW drVT$  
            Print "Execution cancelled." \ I?;%  
            End U.^)|IHW  
        End If LiB0]+wzj  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty U<6k!Y9ny  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then %ri4nKGS  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 3mm`8!R  
        Else -dvDAs{X  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Y\%}VD2k  
        End If ~AE034_N  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then .i=%gg  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter )$]+R?v  
        Else HRb_ZJz  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) U/iAP W4U  
        End If f^%E]ki  
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        Print " " Qs?+vk?*h  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" cLYc""=  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" Kq S2  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 5AjK7[<L  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness eLC&f}  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens RV$+g.4  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens / P:Hfq  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens rvmI 8  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens yCkm|  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness }agl:~C  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction :O!G{./(_  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation c df ll+  
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        '************************************************************************* M|v.5l#   
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) !:n),sFv45  
        '************************************************************************* y(]|jRo  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) hv"toszj\  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity {fb~`=?  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Qr<%rU^{.  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z Xou#38&p>  
        count = 0 o5D"<-=>  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count nfJ8Rt   
            GetOperation eID, count, op #PrV)en  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then j^ _I{  
                DeleteOperation eID,count a?Y1G3U'  
                count=count-1 `;_tt_  
            End If QB.'8B_  
            count=count+1 >b ["T+  
        Wend E&>,B81  
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        'Set new shift in 0`P]fL+&  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" }]~}DHYr  
        op.val1 = taq psZeu*/r  
        op.parent = parID ,Mhe:^3  
        AddOperation eID, op @gqw]_W  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 S[a5k;8GL  
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        '************************************************************************* b66X])+4jE  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Y1 P[^ws  
        '************************************************************************* &1p8#i  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 0v@/I<  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [\b_+s)eN  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant j>o +}p?3I  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant X}*o[;2G  
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        '************************************************************************* O&,O:b:@  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens tqQ0lv^J  
        '************************************************************************* GVEWd/:X(  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Idlu1g  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ^@Qi&g`lr?  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost M?B(<j1Ri  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost %]ayW$4  
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        '************************************************************************* uit-Q5@~  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8sIrG  
        '************************************************************************* kP)o=\|W{z  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -WUYE  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) @LKG\zYBu  
        count = 0 $a\Uv0:xRx  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q.MVF]  
            GetOperation eID, count, op yb{Q,Dz  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then R9l7CJM@  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ,Us2UEWNv  
                count=count-1 HqdJdWl#"  
            End If uXLZtfu{  
            count=count+1 z"K( bw6  
        Wend cHL]y0>  
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        'Set new z-shift DvX3/z#T  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" =u8D!AxT  
        op.val1 = tlens *e<Eu>fW#&  
        op.parent = parID cH;TnuX  
        AddOperation eID, op 9>Uq$B  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens "PyWo  
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        '************************************************************************* 90T%T2K  
        'Lens index of refraction FxfL+}?Q  
        '************************************************************************* 9U)t@b  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) cVay=5].  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat /u)Rppu  
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        mat.Nd = nlens *sw-eyn(  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat x48'1&m  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens NaA+/:  
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        '************************************************************************* 3eTrtCe$  
        'Pupil diameter d;~ 3P  
        '************************************************************************* m1-\qt-yy  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,?k%jcR  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) o-~~,n\  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" U,<]J*b(@4  
    pDq#8*q+v  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ku9@&W+  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f]8!DXEA  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ] *-;' *  
        count = 0 Xlv#=@;O]  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Ad;S=h8:  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Iy S"  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a*Ss -y  
                DeleteOperation eID,count BR36}iS;V  
                count=count-1 'Y!pY]Z  
            End If WRD A `  
            count=count+1 !:"-:O}>=,  
        Wend o\ngR\>  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" R-pH Quu3  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 '@TI48 J+  
        op.parent = parID qL| 5-(P  
        AddOperation eID, op JI"/N`-?;b  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam tAqA^f*{  
    #JA}LA"l  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description zF5q=9 4$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) c>ad0xce6  
        GetEntity eID, entity )O3jQ_q=  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" y"^yYO  
        SetEntity eID, entity J&eAL3"GF  
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        Update bj@xqAGl  
        Print "DONE!" 4xm&pQo{V6  
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    End Sub dv;9QCc'  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: XRa(sXA3  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters #{!O,`qD  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm eZg$AOpU  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 BhKO_wQ?:J  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ~,ynJ]_aJB  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 2;G98H  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 <cYp~e%xIw  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Wo{K}  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 U98_M)-%&  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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