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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 62/tg*)  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 t$U eks  
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模型 N*>&XJ#  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 DGx<Nys@B  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. D?? \H\  
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光源 +}!FP3KgT  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 5%XEybc2  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 SV_b(wP9  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 7 [?]DyOf  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 5!^?H"#c  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 ln=:E$jX  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 {FNq&)#`  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 wg 6  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 .ID9Xd$fky  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 8AVG pL  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Fo[=Dh*AqU  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 sD`OHV:  
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分析 @)p?!3{"  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Nc[V kJ]  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 ;tu2}1#r  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ?513A>U  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY R?GF,s<j  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION jneos~ 'n8  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL i5^U1K\M  
    Dim A As Double j*}2AI  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double dsUY[X-<6  
    Dim eID As Long Qp]-4%^Vz  
    Dim parID As Long '2.11cM3  
    Dim count As Integer 2 VGGSLr  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 1*J#:|({(  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double gdfG3d$4  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double /C)FS?=  
    Dim ok As Long i7(\i2_P  
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    Sub Main )!(etB=`y  
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        '用户输入对话框 O:3DIT1#>  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 esVZ2_eL  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 -6u#:pVpU  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 <FFaaGiE>  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ]w[T_4 l  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 GcYT<pwN6  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 y?s8UEC  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 C2 ] x  
        End Dialog eEG]JH  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 6 C|]Fm  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) %/x%hs;d  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed "G`8>1tO_  
            Print "Execution cancelled." +B0G[k7  
            End edy6WzxBcm  
        End If \v}3j^Yu  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty az2CFd^M  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then {Q la4U  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation a \PvRW*I  
        Else t846:Z%[  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) @0>3))  
        End If +2+wNFU  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then |ozlaj  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Z/ypWoV(  
        Else ].eY]o}=  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Xqac$%[3  
        End If `b{.K,  
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        Print " " GCgpe(cQ  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" dn1Tu6f;|  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" %aszZP  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation @Sl!p)  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 5E+k}S]M$  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens *I}_B\kY  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens F& 'HZX  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens RO"*&o'K'  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 69v[* InSd  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Ht'jm(  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction FDAREE\j  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation JqdNO:8  
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        '************************************************************************* L^`oJ9k!  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) adJoT-8P6  
        '************************************************************************* D^Z~>D6  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) e<p_u)m  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 2Z-BZuK6p  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `f^`i~c\  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z [^gSWU  
        count = 0 pr-{/6j6  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7<=7RPWmD  
            GetOperation eID, count, op wBcDL/(>  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tc{23Rf%  
                DeleteOperation eID,count g"3h#SMb  
                count=count-1 /Ki :6  
            End If ~X;(m<f2  
            count=count+1 Kg@9kJB  
        Wend TBQ`:`g^m  
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        'Set new shift in tE{7S/?h  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" q\[31$i$  
        op.val1 = taq is}Fy>9i  
        op.parent = parID MjU>qx::  
        AddOperation eID, op uF T\a=  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ^;YD3EZw  
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        '************************************************************************* T^GdN_qF  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens >t8eVMMa  
        '************************************************************************* e7L;{+XI  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) q9Y0Lk  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic nWZrB s _  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 6x@-<{L  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant aG |)k,  
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        '************************************************************************* B0Z~L){i  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens q@(N 38D  
        '************************************************************************* I{cn ,,8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ==(M vu`  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;T52 aX  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost o7 !@WOeZ3  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost +N4h Q"  
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        '************************************************************************* v;K\#uc_  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) sCb?TyN'n  
        '************************************************************************* `%ymg8^  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) n? s4"N6  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) \iVYhl  
        count = 0 m@c2'*&Y  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `Ze fSmb  
            GetOperation eID, count, op <1jiU%!w  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9J]LV'f7  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Pq4sv`q)S  
                count=count-1 gieX`}  
            End If {{DW P-v4  
            count=count+1 sox 90o 7  
        Wend %)aDh }  
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        'Set new z-shift V u! ,tpa.  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2=3iA09px  
        op.val1 = tlens !E7/:t4  
        op.parent = parID |R[m&uOib  
        AddOperation eID, op zu|pL`X  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 3 S5QqAm  
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        '************************************************************************* etDB|(,z  
        'Lens index of refraction q{_buTARq  
        '************************************************************************* 3> fuH'=  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) h'jnc.  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat /n_HUY  
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        mat.Nd = nlens L|H{;r'  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat (?3( =+t  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens [wOO)FjT  
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        '************************************************************************* !9N%=6\  
        'Pupil diameter $i`YtV  
        '************************************************************************* G37_ `C  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) WMC6 dD_6e  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) -FPl",f=r  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ~gAx  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens #\M<6n{  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /;>EyWW  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 4@Qq5kpk*  
        count = 0  ~.Gk:M  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count P"#^i<ut@T  
            GetOperation eID, count, op >pYgF =J  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a&<<X:$Hy  
                DeleteOperation eID,count `<Ftn  
                count=count-1 NdZ: 7  
            End If &vn9l#\(  
            count=count+1 = G_6D  
        Wend aD:+,MZ  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" XU54skN  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 R3<+z  
        op.parent = parID $pKS['J0  
        AddOperation eID, op .6hH}BM  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam )Qc$UI8L  
    ?\yo~=N^  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description x{- caOH  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) nk{1z\D{  
        GetEntity eID, entity BCj&z{5"7e  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" (1o^Dn3  
        SetEntity eID, entity A4^+p0@  
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        Update ~:@H6Ke[  
        Print "DONE!" izxCbbg  
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    End Sub ev3x*}d0  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: 8+ u8piG  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters `4=b|N+b"  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm a !IH-XJ2  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2*M*<p=v  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 A"'MRYT`  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 i_MI!o  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 A>?fbY2n  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 (pmo[2kg  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 cNVdGY%&  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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