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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 7H{1i t[>UAr1Vt 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 0;">ETh= M|%bxG^l 模型 RO/(Ldh ~h
Dp-R; 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 bo\Ah/. Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] 42"nbJ Q>Z~={" 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. g@4~, ,f:K)^yD 光源 2sk7E'2( Fb%?qaLmCv 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 _u$DcA8B LDHu10l [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 B;e<.M)e ")i)vXF' 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 .nrbd#i- 0NZ'(qf~9 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 iO?^y(phC [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ,&S0/j ,-E'059 [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 ly[dV.<P ^GY^g-R 视网膜的散射 *P`wuXn}
#\Rxqh7 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。
l:UKU ! n~|?)EL [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 3Q=\W<Wu ut560,h~ 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 S!=R\_{u$ a?r$E.W'& [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 l$9k:#\FD r.zgLZ}3&V 脚本 r1<*=Fs=>> +<[ q"3 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: `Tyd1!~ [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 Q> y! [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 'ZMh<M[ w[gt9]}N 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 q 9xA.* 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 <%uEWb) JP6 Noia 分析 [5p9p1@u{C r1%{\< 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 <zn)f@W [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 ,v8e7T H<i!C|AF 脚本代码 zM&ro,W p$1 'e,G
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. v8y Cf7+"
/}U)|6-B Dim entity As T_ENTITY k"DZ"JC Dim op As T_OPERATION #9]2Uixq[ Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL =&UE67eK, Dim A As Double &>+T*-' Dim pupilDiam As Double [=jZP,b&), Dim eID As Long ~//9Nz~;3 Dim parID As Long 0:[A4S`X Dim count As Integer -kLBq:M Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double -%fj-Y7y Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Bj\
x Dim curv As Double, conic As Double d>)=| Dim ok As Long ff.k1%wr^ Q34u>VkdQI Sub Main !vu-`u~86 m-Jy
4f# '用户输入对话框 B;=Z^$%T Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ig.Z,R3@r TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :3Q:pKg Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 vkGF_aenk OKButton 40,91,90,21 Ep./->fOA CancelButton 190,91,90,21 EEZ~Bs}d Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 r7R'beiH TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 4_QfM}Fyp End Dialog /fT"WaTEK Dim dlg As UserDialog !% W5@tN @B>D>B ok = Dialog (dlg) iU 6,B 1DcBF@3sWG If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed X+A@//,7 Print "Execution cancelled." Y3[KS;_fr9 End UwS7B~ End If +0%r@hTv&> XTF[4#WO 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty '12*'Q+{+ If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Het"x A = 0 'Default accommodation >fP;H}S6 Else I[K4/91 A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) M1m]1< End If [#@lsI aB;f*x If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then w>X@
, pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter xOShO"4Z Else eJ45:]_%I@ pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) sNpA!!\PM End If a~LA&>@ wMCg`rk Print " " nm<VcCc Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" iLBORT!; Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" FvVC 2Z r?[[.zm"7 ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation [Y*>x2X taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness Ve"(}z xf;>o$oN0P Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens ZPE- CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens .E^w, o T<Xw[PEnP Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens $[`rY D/. CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens -DHzBq=H aG;F=e tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness b3>zdS]Q bFN/{^SB nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction Z|*#)<|~ %+Nng<_U\T 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation )s:kQ~+ Ua|iAD1 '************************************************************************* .+XK>jl+ 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ? Pi|`W '************************************************************************* '/UT0{2;rS eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 1-^D2B[- GetCustomElement eID, entity
K!9K^ h S[$9_J f parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B6&[_cht ^cPVnl ' Delete any shift(s) in z #'KM$l,P count = 0 |(Wwh$ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $#n9C79Z@ GetOperation eID, count, op %E@o8 If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then XYP
RMa? DeleteOperation eID,count n6Uh%rO7S| count=count-1 3YLfh`6 End If &uE )Vr4 R count=count+1 Dx /w&v Wend 4rL`|| x7E] }h 'Set new shift in 3xW:" op.Type = "ShiftZ" QChWy`x op.val1 = taq /2T
W?a op.parent = parID
W^^0Rh_ AddOperation eID, op S[9b
I&C Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 v7@"9Uw} ^kcuRJ0*$ '************************************************************************* [g@qZ5I. 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -:d{x# '************************************************************************* ec#`9w$ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) SbX^DAlB1 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Xlug{ Uh 8iD7K@ SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant mIG>`7`7N Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ulN1z 1yF9zKs&_ '************************************************************************* Q?j '4 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens y~]D402Cx '************************************************************************* "Y^Fn,c eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) \ CcVk"/ GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic d!<>Fh^6,
c %Y*XJ' SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost [V?HK_~ Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost r%=a :GdAg -}T7F+ '************************************************************************* ]g9SUFM 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) "&D0Sd@[? '************************************************************************* l<=k#d V]Ccj\Oi parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) }vB{6E+h/w "dndhoMq ' Delete any z-shift(s) fl4@5AVY count = 0 (L4C1h_]9 While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -ys/I,}< GetOperation eID, count, op pK{G2]OK{U If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0hkYexX73 DeleteOperation eID,count KMb'm+ count=count-1 hA/Es?U] End If h){ #dU+& count=count+1 MTE1\, Wend d/oD]aAEr VrT-6r'Y 'Set new z-shift E 8W*^^z( op.Type = "ShiftZ" py~[M'p(H op.val1 = tlens kd&~_=Q op.parent = parID t`}=~/#`X AddOperation eID, op OBlQ Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 2|exY>`w L28wT)D- '************************************************************************* \[]BB5)8 'Lens index of refraction ;H%'K '************************************************************************* 9(=+OQ6 eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) lv.h?"Ml GetModelMaterial eID, mat i/8OC ${. :(z mat.Nd = nlens H<^3H SetModelMaterial eID, mat AxJqLSfyb, Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 8EiS\$O- hP[/xe '************************************************************************* ;gJAxVD< 'Pupil diameter c2GTN " '************************************************************************* tQxAZ0B^ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) SJ8
~:"\P [UdJ(cGf 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @Py'SH!- bTYR=^9 SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" }{J>kgr6 W>x.*K ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Bq4@I_b parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) E'+z.~+
eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) )WEOqaR] count = 0 :[_k .1-+ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count = =KDr0|G GetOperation eID, count, op
NQ '|M If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /^~)iTwH DeleteOperation eID,count )h(=X&(d count=count-1 vl s+E o] End If !YM:?%B count=count+1 iy8Ln,4z( Wend *gwo.s op.Type = "ShiftZ" &u2m6 r>W op.val1 = taq-0.01 '|%\QWuZ
op.parent = parID @Ko}Td&E( AddOperation eID, op aNICSxDN @%MGLR{pH Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam .q 4FGPWz uXGAcUx( 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description T%PUV \LV eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ncR]@8 GetEntity eID, entity /I`- entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" >#;>6q9_ SetEntity eID, entity RbA.&=3 dHn,;Vv^6 Update
y?*Y=," Print "DONE!" )5diX
+
k [;C*9Nl End Sub N40DL_- kf' 4C
"} 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: QcdAg%"yy pe\]}& Accommodation = 4 Diopters #("E)P Pupil Diameter = 4 mm N71%l Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 S;!7/z Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 I<&) P#" Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 YO.+06X Set lens thickness = 3.927 kKVNE hTp Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 7*Gg#XQ>( Set pupil diameter = 4 -zm-|6[Wi DONE!
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