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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 [,7-w  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 #\b ;2>  
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模型 +Jw{qQR/*  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 * -z4<LAa  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. :Y.e[@!1x  
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光源 >-<F)  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 5+y`P$K@  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 Qu}N:P9l?X  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ?waebuj>  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 6h@+?{F.  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 .D3`'K3t{[  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 O9;dd yx  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 t[q3 {-  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 P,`=]Y*  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: U2=hSzY  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 :W%4*-FP  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 lux9o$ %  
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分析 >E~~7Yal  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 )=Y-f?o!  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 AD,@,|A  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. R1~7F{FW  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY g.=!3e&z%  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION eoJFh  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL hN}5u"pS  
    Dim A As Double Mi;Tn;3er  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double >7W"giWP  
    Dim eID As Long ~(M*6b  
    Dim parID As Long 78gob&p?  
    Dim count As Integer -/1d&  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double )biX8yq hR  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double fA;x{0CAMX  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double np= J:v4  
    Dim ok As Long bf{Ep=-  
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    Sub Main J ( =4  
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        '用户输入对话框 `dP? 2-Z  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 QZz&1n  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 3!1&DII4  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 cFe V?a  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 qP@L(_=g  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 QK,=5~IJ  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Jr|K>  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 "rL"K  
        End Dialog e-1;dX HL  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog z)r8?9u  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) EwC5[bRjUp  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed hLCsQYNDU  
            Print "Execution cancelled." % 1OC#&  
            End aS2a_!f  
        End If 1fmSk$ y.9  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty g6HphRJ5s  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 5^bh.uF  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 3#7ENV`  
        Else wbn^R'  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 9T?~$XlX  
        End If %-T}s`Z  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then I=Gr^\x=  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter @#'yPV1  
        Else 3}v0{c  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) tvG g@Xs\  
        End If 721{Ga4~S  
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        Print " " HCI'q\\  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" mrw]yu;2<n  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" |k/`WC6As.  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ~NTDG  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness $1:}(nO,  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens BXagSenc  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens qiF@7i  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens N[- %0  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens *##QXyyg  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ahK?]:&QO  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction hpd(d$j  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation V'Sd[*  
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        '************************************************************************* ~N)( ^ 4  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) &;SwLDF"1  
        '************************************************************************* n23%[#,r  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) H5F\-&cq  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity cKvAR5|  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) )&b}^1  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 'qD'PLV  
        count = 0 ^+.+I cH  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `2 %eDFZ  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ^VM"!O;h{  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then llTQ\7zP  
                DeleteOperation eID,count VuJfo9 `E  
                count=count-1 E< io^  
            End If 0{^l2?mgSb  
            count=count+1 <=5,(a5g  
        Wend E.zYi7YUKK  
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        'Set new shift in n',9#I(!L  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" {Oc?C:aI=  
        op.val1 = taq 8M".o n  
        op.parent = parID + Tgy,oD0  
        AddOperation eID, op #'G7mAoA  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 *Dd(+NI  
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        '************************************************************************* ArEH%e  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens X$j|/))  
        '************************************************************************* ZYl-p]\*y  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Sh~ 8jEk  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic lu G023'  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant N>F2 c)rm  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant h^[pp c{Z  
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        '************************************************************************* 5W:Gl?$S}  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 3Aqe;Wf9%+  
        '************************************************************************* Ca`/t8=  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) #V(Hk )  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic fed[^wW  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost #C=L^cSx(  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost E:dT_x<Y  
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        '************************************************************************* lhIr]'?l  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) }{w_>!ee  
        '************************************************************************* pO7{3%  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2\iD;Z#gM  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) EkgN6S`}  
        count = 0 Rm[rQ }:  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count n_!]B_Vd$  
            GetOperation eID, count, op wzLiVe-  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~; O= 7  
                DeleteOperation eID,count k{u%p<  
                count=count-1 Vqv2F @.  
            End If [<3Q$*Ew  
            count=count+1 no\}aTx  
        Wend -c<1H)W  
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        'Set new z-shift NNREt:+kr  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" /S=;DxZ,r  
        op.val1 = tlens NGb! 7Mu9  
        op.parent = parID ]= QCCC  
        AddOperation eID, op WSpg(\Cs  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens _ /2 8Cw  
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        '************************************************************************* o`y*yucHI  
        'Lens index of refraction +D{*L0$D"  
        '************************************************************************* [2H(yLwO  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :0TSOT9.  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat mGyIr kE  
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        mat.Nd = nlens scPq\Qd?O  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat S;AnpiBM8  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 2zrWR%B  
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        '************************************************************************* %N_S/V0`  
        'Pupil diameter }RP9%n^  
        '************************************************************************* ?\p%Mx?   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 0.+Z;j  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) wGQhr="  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" |~" A:gf  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens '>WuukC  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0 f#a_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) jiB>.te  
        count = 0 (9[C0eS  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :M?')  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Y| N vBr  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then i\R\bv[9  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 2.L6]^N p(  
                count=count-1 63dtO{:4  
            End If yW=hnV{  
            count=count+1 6_}){ZR  
        Wend ~aq?Kk  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" CH_Dat >  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Z$=$oJzB  
        op.parent = parID  IOES3  
        AddOperation eID, op ,["|wqM  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam '  ^L  
    D30Z9_^%:  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description u9~V2>r\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) U!UX"r  
        GetEntity eID, entity H=SMDj)s+  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" VS@W.0/  
        SetEntity eID, entity 3/|{>7]1  
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        Update (a4y1k t-  
        Print "DONE!" %|6Q7'@p  
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    End Sub Fu$Gl$qV?%  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: L5|;VH  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters f7AJSHe  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm `0vy+T5  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ,7$uh):  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 Nm :lC%>X  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 EjCzou  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 Hw.@Le>  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 <+JFal  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 0+`*8G)  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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