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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 .]w=+~h  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 $W]}m"l  
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模型 ?[<#>,W  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 `?G&w.Vs  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. E?- ~*T  
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光源 NHiac(&*  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 bH.SUd)  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 wxo*\WLe  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 H<") )EJI  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 Z4oD6k5oc  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 {T-=&%||  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 d$^ @$E2f  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ~BiLzT1,  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 RN&6z"|jR  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： CG;+Z-"X  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 aJ@lT&.  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 *j( UAVp  
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分析 CaV@<T  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Zv2]X-  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 c/^l2CJ0  
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复制代码
  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. $4*gi&  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY - (7oFOtg  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION `n@;%*6/  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL * =*\w\ te  
    Dim A As Double !1%Sf.`!_  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double Vju/+  
    Dim eID As Long X"vDFE`?  
    Dim parID As Long /;vHAtt;f  
    Dim count As Integer LcT;7yv  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double _DAqL@5n  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 9kwiG7V1  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double EI)2 c.A  
    Dim ok As Long ~!M"  
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    Sub Main 7nB X@Uo  
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        '用户输入对话框 &O#1*y Z  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 byTH SRt  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 q&}+O  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _8ks`O#}  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 >3*a&_cI=k  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 .s?^y+e_  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 R T~oJ~t;  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 A2p%Y},  
        End Dialog kkW}:dBl  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 9-vQn/O^D  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) Q,Y^9g"B`~  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed HGDiwA  
            Print "Execution cancelled." I0><IaFy  
            End sCmN|Q  
        End If \/C5L:|p_  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 7G7"Zule*j  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ~]`U)Aw  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation  -PU.Uw]  
        Else O OXP1L  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) jP0TyhM  
        End If  D F=Rd#  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then #3{{[i(;i  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter gzy|K%K  
        Else dc_2nF  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) I[?bM-  
        End If GctV  
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        Print " " lgD %  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ]"?<y s  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" y&eU\>M  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 0P{8s  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Rlm28  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^QG<_Dm]  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens .JJ50p  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens cct/mX2&~  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens SSyARR+;c  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ITEf Q@#jU  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction gjFQDrz(  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation g:!R't?  
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        '************************************************************************* Z c#Jb  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) QC&,C}t,  
        '************************************************************************* y+V>,W)r7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Y7 K2@257  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity \PFjw9s  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2- (}=N  
    g6S-vSX,  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z wehiX7y  
        count = 0 Kb-m  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #l.s> B4  
            GetOperation eID, count, op T|j=,2_  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then V$oj6i{ky  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ~2yhZ  
                count=count-1 QFoCi&  
            End If L/%{,7l<^?  
            count=count+1 JsMN_%y?  
        Wend }W[=O:p  
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        'Set new shift in Snp(&TD<<  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" =UWW(^M#[:  
        op.val1 = taq PlT_]p  
        op.parent = parID tB4yj_ZF  
        AddOperation eID, op &OEBAtc/  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Uyeo0B"  
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        '************************************************************************* E9t8SclV  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens -7o-d-d F  
        '************************************************************************* rSm#/)4A  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) t("koA=.  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic *,*XOd:3TL  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant (?lT @RY/  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Jw^my4  
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        '************************************************************************* FL&Y/5  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 8]O#L}"  
        '************************************************************************* $(08!U  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 7 s2*VKr  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _F^NX%  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost :<0lCj  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost cS@p`A7Tpo  
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        '************************************************************************* ~DB:/VSmu  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) kE!ky\E  
        '************************************************************************* dldS7Q  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #SjCKQ~  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) -~H "zu`  
        count = 0 m6 Y0,9  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9#~jlq(  
            GetOperation eID, count, op +JXn   
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /rK/ l  
                DeleteOperation eID,count YhooD,[.  
                count=count-1 !|9k&o  
            End If f'`y-]"V5)  
            count=count+1 98 uMD  
        Wend {!wd5C@  
    )|5mW  
        'Set new z-shift _G/uDP%  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 4$ah~E>,t  
        op.val1 = tlens r&:yZN  
        op.parent = parID +#A~O4%t  
        AddOperation eID, op i3Xo6!Q  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Gf9O\wrs  
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        '************************************************************************* e ^`La*n  
        'Lens index of refraction o>m*e7l,  
        '************************************************************************* Z-" NLwt[  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) o4LVG  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat lR`.V0xA   
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        mat.Nd = nlens nf:wJ-;*  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat j<9^BNl  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ,ZO?D|M1  
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        '************************************************************************* \Il?$Kb/  
        'Pupil diameter cA| n*A-j<  
        '************************************************************************* _=cuOo"!  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) qS ggZ0*  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ,Hp7`I>/  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;rnhv:Iw  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "-G7eGQ  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) SK*<H~2  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 0[8uuqV[cB  
        count = 0 O >@Q>Z8W?  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count f Avh!g  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 'I>geW?{QK  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then p`!<yq2_  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 'c >^Aai  
                count=count-1 U0N6\+  
            End If 5F]2.<i  
            count=count+1 IL?"g{w  
        Wend *h pS/g/3\  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" >yLdrf  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ;D%H}+Z  
        op.parent = parID lt\Bm<"z!1  
        AddOperation eID, op 9pk-#/ag  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Z8f?uF  
    '=Acg"aT  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 7dR]$ ~+*e  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^^YP kh6sS  
        GetEntity eID, entity P"[{s^mb  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" H#T&7X_<  
        SetEntity eID, entity '+*'sQvH[  
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        Update >3I|5kZ6  
        Print "DONE!" ajf(Ii\/  
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    End Sub ]v+yeGIKS  
    /38XaKc{6  
    如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： UunZ/A$]m  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters e=_Ng j)  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm /U0,%  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 u!t<2`:h  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 CWb*bw0  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 KvO5-g  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 #f_.  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 3A.lS+P1  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 s+h}O}RV  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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