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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 dTwZ-% GcpAj9 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 T]fBVA (3[Lz+W.u 模型 -{=c T?"+ Wi5rXZS 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 1yg5d9 Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] R'Y=-
yF bY>JLRQJ- 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. rRK^vfoJ`
YO3$I!( 光源 {Iu9%uR>@ (X(296<; 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 3ZhB
8 P DClV&\i=o [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 &AS<2hB K5ywO8_6` 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 j&qJK,~ <.N337! 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 M
}H7`,@I [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 "92Z"I~1 `H7V[' [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 |fd}B5!c }z/Y
Hv% 视网膜的散射 TfFuHzZZ bB#6Xx 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 rK@ UCRf 1,/L&_=_A [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 r8uc. z2% NyTGvBf 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 Y>N`( ,M)NC%0X [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 }_A#O|dxO k\~A\UIYo 脚本 &M6cCT]&M :6
\?{xD 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ?Ww\D8yV& [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 _1?
PN8 [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 x,3oa_'E hny):59f 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 2Y+8!4^L
a 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 HVz,liq T5jZd@VT, 分析 yzml4/X n*
7mP 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 [8sL);pJO [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 pKM5<1J j1LL[+G-"_ 脚本代码 9m:qQ1[\ ;h
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- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. OcBn1k.
R^i8AbFW Dim entity As T_ENTITY -bq\2Yc$] Dim op As T_OPERATION o#IQz_ Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL A^a9,T Dim A As Double vT7ei"~&u Dim pupilDiam As Double n<x NE% Dim eID As Long ;zbF~5e
Dim parID As Long [P*w$Hn Dim count As Integer 6
s+ Z Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double L'>t:^QTh Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double cX64 X Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 54A ndyeA Dim ok As Long Ff\U]g aXSTA,% Sub Main 4~G++|NQ )I`6XG '用户输入对话框 U
=()T}b> Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 {FavF 9O TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 E+ 65 Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 *d,u)l :S OKButton 40,91,90,21 Jk.Ec)w CancelButton 190,91,90,21 TV>UD
q Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 w:}RS.AK TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 d45JT?qg& End Dialog <3!jra,h Dim dlg As UserDialog |!\(eLR9> V0]6F ok = Dialog (dlg) 4Qr16,Us =9oN#4mWK If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed $=j}JX}z Print "Execution cancelled." C?Sy90f End j}=$2|}8{ End If T/^ /U6JB Ou
_bM n 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty FS%Xq-c
If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then #du!tx ( _ A = 0 'Default accommodation BO b#9r Else W*hRYgaX3 A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) cTKj1)!z?X End If %} _{_Z Os?`!1- If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then e1dT~l pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter a&Ti44a[ Else 89>U Koc? pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) (8<U+)[tPy End If /x6,"M[97 ]-$0?/`p8 Print " " CL*i,9:NR Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" yIwAJl7Xf Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" _u^ S[ 1{oq8LB ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Y5~_y?BX taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness Q0f7gY1-% sskwJu1 Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens Uk u~"OGC CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens 9S0I<<m 9PA\Eo|Yb Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens blcd]7nK CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens fA
u^%jiU C?e1 a9r tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness C@` eYi +$:bzo_u nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction *5k" v"NM( ^+zF;Q' 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation C>q,c3s5 <im
BFw '************************************************************************* 6mJa 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) y K~;LV '************************************************************************* /O1r=lv3Z eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) p4;A[2Ot`: GetCustomElement eID, entity W8Z&J18AU Gb6t`dSzz parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 48CLnyYiF gaaW:* *y ' Delete any shift(s) in z Kc+;"4/#q count = 0 hPhNDmL#3 While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3jIi$X06 GetOperation eID, count, op "VxZnT If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then g&y'#,'Q~, DeleteOperation eID,count (MiEXU~v count=count-1 P SDzs\s End If KH)(xB= count=count+1 7@u0;5p| Wend O1pBr=+j+{ pOlo_na}[ 'Set new shift in r>1M&Y=< op.Type = "ShiftZ" 9WsPBzi"T op.val1 = taq @~0kSA7 op.parent = parID 6LRI~*F=3 AddOperation eID, op ~d :Z|8 Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 F gM<2$h 6CBk,2DswI '************************************************************************* *R.Q!Lv+ 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]%jlaXb '************************************************************************* 7u]0dHj eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) AAjsb<P GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic f?T6Ne' LC/9)Sh_n SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ,.tv#j|A Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant z5PFppSQ uM,bO*/f '************************************************************************* E]` ) 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ;hi+.ng_ '************************************************************************* |?6r&bT eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) "h'0&ZP~_ GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Hzs]\%" 5inmFT?9Z SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Q#8}pBw Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost /NCEZ@2BN, 4Y5Q>2D} '************************************************************************* l$D]*_ jc, 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) deSrs:. '************************************************************************* 3+_? /}< 2'_xg~ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %;kr%%t% *[jG^w0z8~ ' Delete any z-shift(s) ;o]'7qGb count = 0 L6yRN>5aE While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Szrr`.'] GetOperation eID, count, op YXxaD@ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;u!qu$O DeleteOperation eID,count pOQ'k>! count=count-1 GGk.-Ew@ End If B
Jp\a7`; count=count+1 <@xp. Y Wend Tct8NG .|XIF 'Set new z-shift tbD>A6&VM} op.Type = "ShiftZ" VH7VJ [ op.val1 = tlens iLw O4i op.parent = parID (yWU9q)5 AddOperation eID, op w!o[pvyR$ Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens %7 h_D Ijq1ns_tx8 '************************************************************************* +c5z-X$^] 'Lens index of refraction k"F5'Od '************************************************************************* YIo$ eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ~F?s\kp6 GetModelMaterial eID, mat #UL:#pY !a?$ mat.Nd = nlens I*_@WoI* SetModelMaterial eID, mat 8B;wn<O Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens "']I. bI.LE/yk '************************************************************************* _cdrz)T 'Pupil diameter `oP :F[B '************************************************************************* =4cK9ac eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ?{l}35Q.@ WGFp<R 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) =?>f[J5 ^6s< SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 9,\b$?9 ei)ljvvmHP ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens v'uWmL7C parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B}_*0D eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Xdj` $/RI count = 0 |k$^RU<OF While GetOperationCount(eID)>count n{JBC%^g GetOperation eID, count, op x!GHUz*:uz If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W1S7%6y_1 DeleteOperation eID,count wYy=Tl-N count=count-1 k4jZu?\C] End If '<_nL8A^ count=count+1 ]vRte!QJ; Wend p2 u*{k{ op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7YT%.ID op.val1 = taq-0.01 ^6j: lL op.parent = parID $qG;^1$ AddOperation eID, op %PozxF: Ik2yIf5d Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Z18T<e vw VeHjR 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description l&l&eOE eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rOd<nP^`\ GetEntity eID, entity P34UD: entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 4ti\;55{W SetEntity eID, entity ApHs`0=( {`,dWjy{% Update i]&C=X Print "DONE!" Zp@j*P R:c$f(aKv% End Sub 3V~871:-~ ggQ/_F8u 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: Q\.~cIw_AQ Cw7
07 Accommodation = 4 Diopters F]]1>w*/0 Pupil Diameter = 4 mm yh0zW
$ Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 V45A>#?U Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ~L\KMB/9e= Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 eV:I ::: Set lens thickness = 3.927 CT5\8C Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 T-e'r Set pupil diameter = 4 6;s.%W DONE!
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