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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 )4u6{-|A  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 4K{<R!2I  
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模型 Y;n;7M<F  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 ] A.:8;  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. I#?NxP\S  
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光源 >Z-f</v03  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 "'i" @CR  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 hqr V {c  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 (rDB|kc^7  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 gpt98:w:  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 ~_|OGp_a  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 "j(?fVx  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 q>JW$8  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 qhNY<  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 7soiy A  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 JYQ.Y!X1O  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 6L`{oSX!  
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分析 ~KtA0BtC  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c_oI?D9  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 H\Bh Af  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 0H|U9  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY }4 p3m]   
    Dim op As T_OPERATION JjH#,@'.  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL v&.`^ O3W  
    Dim A As Double b7X-mkF  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ,}9G|$  
    Dim eID As Long 0)c9X[sG  
    Dim parID As Long CTqAhL 4}  
    Dim count As Integer ,(%?j]_P2  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double OI=LuWGQE1  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double [P'crV,m  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ct,Iu+HJ  
    Dim ok As Long \ow3_^Bk  
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    Sub Main &3jq'@6  
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        '用户输入对话框 OK=lp4X  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 vY+{zGF  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 0zSRk]i.f  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 $6&P 69<  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 AixQR[Ul*c  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 qNhV zx  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 &) '5_#S  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 xjm|ewo  
        End Dialog OHz>B!`  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog i\4Qv"%  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) Mn<G9KR  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed {I/|7b>@r  
            Print "Execution cancelled." W%/lBkP  
            End xB&kxW.;  
        End If a6UW,n"n  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 1l@gZI12#/  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <NIg`B@'s  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation [1I>Bc&o*  
        Else ] D(laqS;"  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) -EwtO4vLJ  
        End If KNR_upO8  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then >DHpD?Pm!  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 3f 1@<7*  
        Else (9;qV:0`  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ?DAW~+,!7o  
        End If S6.N)7y  
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        Print " " N8$MAW  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Ol;}+?[Q  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" r#Pkhut  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation &9Vm3X  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness un+U_|>c  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens EYwDv4H,g  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ,n')3r   
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 2r+@s g  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Rp#9T?i``[  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 2>s@2=Aq  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ?WD|a(  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation "@xF(fyg  
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        '************************************************************************* /o<tmK_m  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) :U5>. ):  
        '************************************************************************* "}uPz4  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9]Q\Pr\Ub$  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity UX-l`ygl  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 4<`x*8` ,  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z gE,i Cx  
        count = 0 m"B)%?C#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B_u+$Odo  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 8T5s6EmIOW  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8aCa(Xu(H  
                DeleteOperation eID,count /2,s-^  
                count=count-1 AJRfl%3  
            End If J~Gq#C^e  
            count=count+1 E' p5  
        Wend O,Xf.O1c  
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        'Set new shift in ~rBeJZ  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" S.o@95M   
        op.val1 = taq [CH%(#>i~  
        op.parent = parID =1o_:VOG  
        AddOperation eID, op jW6~^>S  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ziuhS4k  
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        '************************************************************************* P |c6V  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens axOdGv5  
        '************************************************************************* (r cH\   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) w.qpV]9>  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Or&TGwo I  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant M9MfO*  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 6MfjB@  
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        '************************************************************************* ?i*kwEj=  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens NQq$0<7.=W  
        '************************************************************************* @?_<A%hz  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) wi]|"\  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic rj"oz"  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost mDmy637_  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost "}PaMR]  
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        '************************************************************************* clQN@1] M  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) >^%]F[Wo  
        '************************************************************************* EfY|S3Av  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) s OD>mc#%Y  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) jGM~(;iw6i  
        count = 0 e:IUO1#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vMJv.O>HW  
            GetOperation eID, count, op )*N]Q  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _X{i hf  
                DeleteOperation eID,count //VgPl  
                count=count-1 ,u|vpN  
            End If "Ko ^m(`  
            count=count+1 |yiM7U,i  
        Wend nG&= $7x^  
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        'Set new z-shift UJ1Ui'a(!!  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^- T!(P:  
        op.val1 = tlens M xUj7ae  
        op.parent = parID g W'aK>*c  
        AddOperation eID, op ']1j M n  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *M;!{)m?  
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        '************************************************************************* A?8f 6  
        'Lens index of refraction >6 [{\uPK  
        '************************************************************************* l)`bm/k]V  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) O-6848iCX  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat P6* IR|  
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        mat.Nd = nlens zDY!0QZLF\  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat F*rU=cu  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ',nGH|K.  
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        '************************************************************************* \?&P|7N  
        'Pupil diameter xlF$PpRNM  
        '************************************************************************* j}Lt"r2F  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,g%2-#L%  
    ]+Yd#<j(u  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) L%9DaK  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ! %r5  
    TYW$=p|  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens y/rmxQtP  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :9q=o|T6D  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Q PgM<ns  
        count = 0 hv te)  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l)GV&V  
            GetOperation eID, count, op x3O$eKy\|5  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m5 r65=E  
                DeleteOperation eID,count MrEyN8X  
                count=count-1 ~]BxM9  
            End If x|n2,3%  
            count=count+1 mR:G,XytxM  
        Wend +[Nc";Oy  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Qy`{y?T2  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 54s+4R FL  
        op.parent = parID 2/O/h  
        AddOperation eID, op =xScHy{$  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam n; ;b6s5  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description _x_om#~n  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) udM<jY]5p  
        GetEntity eID, entity OoTMvZP[  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Z?|\0GR+`5  
        SetEntity eID, entity 9cud CF  
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        Update / 2>\Z(  
        Print "DONE!" U`sybtuBP'  
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    End Sub |&lAt \  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: xTNWT_d  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters y)o!F^  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm qwJeeax  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ]+x;tP o  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 DJP)V8]!B  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 U,S&"`a  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 <X~ X#9V  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 52K_kB5  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 CJ0j2e/  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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