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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 +=Wdn)T  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Els=:4  
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模型 QL18MbfqP  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Po. BcytM  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. %0]b5u  
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光源 J6D$ i+  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Zb;$ZUWQX  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 _C=[bI@  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 5G;^OI!g  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 XYF~Q9~  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 9R"N#w.U]  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 f ?zK "  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 1'm`SRX#e  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 edk9Qd9  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: UH&1c8y}  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ';|>`<  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 !vVjZ  
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分析 8421-c6y>  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 A+1]Ql)$  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 G[<[#$(  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ]op^dW1;0_  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY cc(r,ij~4  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 1o~U+s_r  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Vt)\[Tl~  
    Dim A As Double +IO1ipc4cE  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double ?"<r9S|[O  
    Dim eID As Long O-!fOdX8_k  
    Dim parID As Long XvkI +c  
    Dim count As Integer c]!D`FA*K  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double X)iWb(@k"7  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double +s(IQt  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double a.&#dxgW[  
    Dim ok As Long 7}tZ?vD  
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    Sub Main +V+*7s%fL  
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        '用户输入对话框 :UDn^ (#  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 [T[9*6Kt  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 w]Ko/;;^2  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 vXM/nw|5  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21  2H K  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 |RAQ%VXm  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 yK%GsCJd:  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 & A9A#It  
        End Dialog Y K?*7  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Ux)p%-  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) hr!f: D  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ?y*+^E0  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 'K@{vB  
            End C=dx4U~   
        End If ,8xP8T~Kmv  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty X# kjt )W  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then N{hF [F  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation @ Zgl>  
        Else Oa\`;  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) A M1C $  
        End If Id.Z[owC`Y  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ]Ic?:lKN  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ^L8Wn6s'  
        Else x'@32gv  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) inPdV9  
        End If Bd[L6J)  
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        Print " " te\h?H  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" D-o7yc"K  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" hM36QOdm  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Tn@UX(^,  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness hLyTUt~\L  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens aucZJjH  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens @Ge>i5q  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ,XeyE;||  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 9b"9m*gC  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness )H;pGM:  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Y3P.|  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation T}n}.JwU  
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        '************************************************************************* && DD  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) o9m  
        '************************************************************************* {*?sVAvj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2<[ eD`u  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity (Pk"NEP   
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3C rQBIj1  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 4-7kS85  
        count = 0 +9CEC1-l  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <$ i"zb  
            GetOperation eID, count, op >Lw}KO`  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @,x_i8  
                DeleteOperation eID,count .1.J5>/n  
                count=count-1 jFuC=6aF  
            End If x7P([^i  
            count=count+1 o~v_PD[S  
        Wend J$#h( D%  
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        'Set new shift in ;dqk@@O"(  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5q|+p?C  
        op.val1 = taq )\T@W  
        op.parent = parID -ajM5S=d*  
        AddOperation eID, op V&Xi> X8  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ~lzdbX  
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        '************************************************************************* SXRdNPXFO  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ] vC=.&]  
        '************************************************************************* NXzU0  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) I?_E,.)[ I  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Xh.+pJl,*  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant kCima/+_  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant H-eEhI(;O  
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        '************************************************************************* )n\*ht7  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens cQ8dc+ {  
        '************************************************************************* "| K f'/r  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) `9.dgV  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic R<f#r03@|  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost B0f_kH~p~  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9pWi.J  
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        '************************************************************************* `S"W8_m  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) i]it5  
        '************************************************************************* G/v|!}?wG  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) IE&_!ce  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) nIfN"  
        count = 0 y L*LJ  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +"'F Be  
            GetOperation eID, count, op  ?qk@cKS  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then BjM+0[HC  
                DeleteOperation eID,count :/+>e IE  
                count=count-1 +0VG[ c\8  
            End If p1+7 <Y:  
            count=count+1 $Axng J c  
        Wend (~S<EUc$  
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        'Set new z-shift (nGkZ}p  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" XZ} de%U1  
        op.val1 = tlens L >SZgmV+  
        op.parent = parID ya:sW5fk  
        AddOperation eID, op cv3L&zg M  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens A:/}`  
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        '************************************************************************* 7'Lp8  
        'Lens index of refraction VsEGX@;tO  
        '************************************************************************* UmJUt|  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) &GuF\wJ{7  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat VSh!4z1  
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        mat.Nd = nlens hHpx?9O+!  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat &`\ep9  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens u=%y  
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        '************************************************************************* :AZp}  
        'Pupil diameter i<mevL  
        '************************************************************************* j~epbl)pC  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 8/Mx5~ R  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) !}ilN 1>  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" zhX;6= X2  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens i-b1d'?Rb  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) zO%w_7 w  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) gV|Y54}T  
        count = 0 H<,bq*@  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count #pX8{Tf[  
            GetOperation eID, count, op glx2I_y  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }t\ 10nQ  
                DeleteOperation eID,count p'}lN|"{O  
                count=count-1 k52QaMKa~A  
            End If ~ 7}]  
            count=count+1 DcN"=Y  
        Wend e8{^f]5  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" :9`qogF>  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 uoHqL IpQ  
        op.parent = parID };rm3;~ eg  
        AddOperation eID, op Pg Syt  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam +#~O'r]%GG  
    !Av1Leb9$  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description [t{](-  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8"i/wMP]  
        GetEntity eID, entity Pu..NPl+  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" "R23Pi  
        SetEntity eID, entity @bT3'K-4  
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        Update KaW~ERx5  
        Print "DONE!" B9*Sfw%  
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    End Sub jn$j^ 51`C  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: >ZeEX, N  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ^wJEfac  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 0wFh%/:  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 &2{]hRM  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 E~RV1)  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 @Dj:4  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 VjB*{,  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 /PqUXF  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 W`x)=y]Z  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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