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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 Lc5zu7ncg  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 E& i (T2c  
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模型 l=p_  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 \Q(a`6U  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Gmi? xGn  
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光源 R%RxF=@  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 >fzyD(>  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 'z5jnI  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 4h@,hY1#  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 dh7`eAMY   
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 *lvADW5e  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 dhob]8b  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 b(GV4%  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 &|{1Ws  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: (l^7EpNs  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 * ) <+u~  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 5OI.Ka  
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分析 g= $U&Hgs  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ESRj<p%W  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 uKP4ur@1  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. _GG\SWm  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY ]qT&6:;-]  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION %m |I=P  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL .@,t}:lD  
    Dim A As Double =4eJ@EVM  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 7x6 M]1F  
    Dim eID As Long kP%hgZ  
    Dim parID As Long *I(6hB  
    Dim count As Integer 88osWo6rG  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double pz /[ ${X  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double oN,1ig  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double tRdf:F\X  
    Dim ok As Long '%rT]u3U  
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    Sub Main %42a>piev  
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        '用户输入对话框 =Pl@+RgK+  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 tr<f ii 3<  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 [_'A(.  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QgqJ #  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 K|Sq_/#+U  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 G{} 2"/   
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 jjV'`Vy)  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 _cs(f<>oCO  
        End Dialog ;98&5X\u<  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog (I}owr5:  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) [;z\bV<S  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed AabQ)23R2  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 4?+K `  
            End = J;I5:J  
        End If s=n4'`y1  
    'Bue*  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty d%8n   
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then MQ!4"E5"j  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 9!_,A d;3  
        Else S1|u@d'  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) K<J,n!zc  
        End If ~b~Tq  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then '8;bc@cE  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter _aFe9+y  
        Else r W`7<3  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) q%4X1 W  
        End If S.!,qv z  
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        Print " " @ 8H$   
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ^!\1q<@n  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" -iR2UE@M  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation x2B8G;6u  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness xT+_JT65  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens jB?SX  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens fmuh 9Z  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens }%u #TwZ  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens L(;$(k-/(  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness [q?RJmB]  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Ah2 {kK  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation PMytk`<`zw  
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        '************************************************************************* h <4`|Bg+  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) qYA~Os1e  
        '************************************************************************* F LWVI4*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) , MXU]{  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity |cU75 S1  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) s/7Z.\  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z nFQuoU]ux  
        count = 0 q-`&C  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count j0e,>X8  
            GetOperation eID, count, op E y:68yU  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Fx:38Ae  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 6B?jc/V.R  
                count=count-1 =Dq&lm,n  
            End If Og1-LP|X  
            count=count+1 8ao-]QoMZ  
        Wend ;stjqTd  
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        'Set new shift in 5sT3|yq  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y1h)aQ5{  
        op.val1 = taq  ;2C  
        op.parent = parID `6~0W5  
        AddOperation eID, op ii?T:T@  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 FaeKDbLJr  
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        '************************************************************************* E]' f&0s  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens _f^6F<!  
        '************************************************************************* 3:iEt (iCI  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" )  tKV,  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (\F9_y,6*\  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant (,h2qP-;ud  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <iky~iE  
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        '************************************************************************* 5mZ2CDV  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens o-=|}u]mz  
        '************************************************************************* /0/ouA>+  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @:?[R&`  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "SMJ:g",  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost #^L&H oo6  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost >Hnm.?-AWl  
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        '************************************************************************* 4:/V|E\D  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) GURiW42  
        '************************************************************************* xqX3uq  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )NZH{G  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) p3Ux%/ZqPV  
        count = 0 8NfXYR#  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ye.6tlW  
            GetOperation eID, count, op @*y4uI6&  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |#_p0yPy  
                DeleteOperation eID,count I,hw0e  
                count=count-1 RHFRN&RU$  
            End If `^[k8Z(  
            count=count+1 M[`[+5v  
        Wend 4G,FJjE`p  
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        'Set new z-shift s6~;)(r  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" f- XUto  
        op.val1 = tlens &b|RoPV  
        op.parent = parID v7"VH90`!  
        AddOperation eID, op /Z6lnm7wJ  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 7GO9z<m)  
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        '************************************************************************* bJIYe ld  
        'Lens index of refraction 44 u)F@)  
        '************************************************************************* +KbkdY Z  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) qj;i03 +@  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat %4LoEm=U  
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        mat.Nd = nlens V| V 9.  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat )Dz]Pv]H'  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens x eFx!$3  
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        '************************************************************************* l6bY!I>  
        'Pupil diameter >pp/4Ia!  
        '************************************************************************* sMMOZ'bT  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) F- -g?Q^  
    3WP\MM  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 7n#-3#_mG  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" !K(  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 5a/A?9?,  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7K.75%}  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) JH\:9B+:L  
        count = 0 z0rYzn?MR  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2"G9?)d9  
            GetOperation eID, count, op p?L%'  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then DujVV(+I  
                DeleteOperation eID,count yz K<yvN  
                count=count-1 }B'-*)^|e{  
            End If W+a/>U  
            count=count+1 O5r8Ghf )  
        Wend ]_(hUj._  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Md~SzrU  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 =x -7 Wy  
        op.parent = parID _G'ki.[S7  
        AddOperation eID, op {`D]%eRO  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam jVnTpa!A  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description y!1X3X,V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) MU$tX  
        GetEntity eID, entity vCi`htm%  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" -u@ ^P7  
        SetEntity eID, entity <\epj=OclV  
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        Update |aLK_]!  
        Print "DONE!" oZ*?Uh*  
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    End Sub Z5v_- +K  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: /V*SI!C<f  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters "a2|WKpD  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ~u$ cX1M  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 9KX% O-'  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 HK :K~h  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 RVA ku  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927  +#,J`fV%  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 )tBz=hy#  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 :lXY% [!6P  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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