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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 XB;7!8| +/4A 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 :(U,x<> ,B*EVN 模型 gS!:+G% Fj 8z 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 xC?6v' Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] Q",t3i4 T$)^gHS 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ,a{P4Bq RtkEGxw*^ 光源 '2A)}uR -lr
vKrt7 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 )` Sr fGp8 r Xt}6[S [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 ;0]aq0_#( T8?Ghbn 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 p;`>e>$ Di,^% 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6IN
e@ [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 fh&nu"& \}yc`7T:L0 [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 K(e$esLs- jKz$@gP 视网膜的散射 t4."/.=+ ih-#5M@ 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 CCs%%U/= `f,/`''R [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 >4x(e\B Y Vt% 0 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 rK8lBy:< Fk&c=V;SU [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 `P@< 3] "@^k)d$ 脚本 `z}?"BW| Q^P}\wb> 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: g.k"]lP [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 2"v6
>b% [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 j.[.1G*(" x;O[c3I 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 C!O0xhs 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。
_O)>$.^6 (q/e1L-S 分析 ~p6 V,Q %_H<:uGO% 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 B6+khuG( [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 N@4w!
HpJ w?PkO p 脚本代码 J/`<!$<c RXMISt3+{y
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. tH@Erh|%
DaQ?\uq Dim entity As T_ENTITY {S]}.7`l9( Dim op As T_OPERATION etDk35!h~, Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL BiLY(1, Dim A As Double ~Y[r`]X`"m Dim pupilDiam As Double >a<.mU|# Dim eID As Long AG
nxYV"p Dim parID As Long R`5.[?Dt Dim count As Integer
RF$eQzW Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 5:[0z5Hww Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3Y4?CM&0v Dim curv As Double, conic As Double k!j5tsiR Dim ok As Long r.=K~A @}u*|P* Sub Main D(op)]8 x3=A:}t8 '用户输入对话框 T3.&R#1M8- Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 S&5&];Ag TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :1Xz4wkWS* Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |)th1
UH OKButton 40,91,90,21 JAnZdfRt CancelButton 190,91,90,21 :wyno#8`- Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 #6aW9GO TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ?/E~/;+7= End Dialog tyDU
@M Dim dlg As UserDialog IJp-BTO{V #4NaL ok = Dialog (dlg) `,*3[ lN
4oW3QT If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed WF+99?75 Print "Execution cancelled." |-67\p] End #pow ub End If r EE1sy/# B2vh-%63 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty |Pax =oJ\M If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then \ A#41
A = 0 'Default accommodation a 7V-C Else KhR8 1\ A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) U[-o> W# End If vzAax k% z6\UGSL If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then _Kf% \xg pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter Y;M|D'y+ Else OX7M8cmc+ pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) yjX9oxhtL End If B)g[3gQ [=q1T3 Print " " 3BJ0S.TF Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" M#6W(|V/ Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" wH&!W~M
2 c{34: ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation s
WvBv taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness '3fu BoWg0*5xb Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens )F>#*P CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens >uB#&Q z'n:@E Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens {$
JYw{a CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens OX!tsARC@ D?_Zl;bQ'^ tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness YnAm{YyI nh>vixe nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction wKxtre(v <{cQM$# 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Om\vMd@! cp7=epho '************************************************************************* HyZqUbHa 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) zu{P#~21 '************************************************************************* k$R-#f; eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~Ea} /Au GetCustomElement eID, entity K7:)nv
E a~}OZ&PG parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) E,U+o $ 6SkaH<-&K ' Delete any shift(s) in z OKR
"4n: count = 0 6ojo :-%Vf While GetOperationCount(eID)>count d#4**BM GetOperation eID, count, op J @1!Oq> If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Ckuh:bs DeleteOperation eID,count BLiF
5 count=count-1 u cW-I;" End If >uhaW@d count=count+1 <)c)%'v Wend Fj3a.' )U:m:cr< 'Set new shift in K!Y71_# op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~IBP|)WA- op.val1 = taq k2tF} op.parent = parID
:KP@RZm AddOperation eID, op k)=s>&hl Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 BG]#o|KW `0gyr(fES '************************************************************************* C1n>M}b 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens s8t;.^1} '************************************************************************* CxW>~O: eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) j-}O0~Jz GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 7#Kn8s
"e>;'%W SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant O;jrCB Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `e&Suyf4B @:vwb\azVD '************************************************************************* i3mcx)d@H 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ,<P
vovg_ '************************************************************************* -zeG1gr3 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) .|fHy GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 3~{:`[0Q !F'YDjTot SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost J<h$
wM Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost E4/Dr}4 SZ'R59Ee< '*************************************************************************
>Abdd 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8wFJ4v3 '************************************************************************* bJTBjS-7 :OT0yA=U parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) aeM+ d`f P}^W)@+3k ' Delete any z-shift(s) Cnh \%OW count = 0 ;h While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _A9AEi'. GetOperation eID, count, op &n:.k}/P If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Qe:seW
DeleteOperation eID,count e6$W Qd`O count=count-1 {hrX'2:ClT End If I1M%J@ Cz count=count+1 ]GkfEh7/J Wend Q/0Tj]D Eo]xNn/g 'Set new z-shift t-bB>q#3> op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5<Nx^D op.val1 = tlens o]oum,Q op.parent = parID Dp-z[]})1 AddOperation eID, op S;#'M![8 Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens hMD|#A-< -k e's '************************************************************************* >_ T-u<E 'Lens index of refraction )1`0PJoHE '************************************************************************* fJ!R6D eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) #c.K/&Gc7j GetModelMaterial eID, mat \"OG6G_>$ n9ej7oj mat.Nd = nlens |t#)~Oo SetModelMaterial eID, mat sS'm!7*(3 Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens .|i.Cq8 !wh8'X* '************************************************************************* RQ"
,3.R== 'Pupil diameter ope^~+c~\ '************************************************************************* Z o(rTCZX eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) jasy<IqT!{ @Z:l62l=bE 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) M@v.c;Lt ')<hON44EX SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" {q^[a-h> F0Yd@Lk$_ ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens >@
. parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) p}U ~+:v eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) {8bSB.?R count = 0 a~y'RyA While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B>P{A7Q GetOperation eID, count, op ^RIl If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 07{)?1cod4 DeleteOperation eID,count t!7-DF|N count=count-1 4zFW-yy End If )|#sfHv7 count=count+1 LG#t<5y~ Wend #5o(h+w) op.Type = "ShiftZ" Wt~BU. op.val1 = taq-0.01 f
x+/C8GK op.parent = parID z9Rp`z&`E AddOperation eID, op q9s=~d7 d<P\&!R( Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam V1B5w_^>h' <=C!VVk4f 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description "87:?v[[1 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &\*(Q*2N GetEntity eID, entity OYn}5RN entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Se =`N SetEntity eID, entity Q*ft7$l& ][Rh28?I{ Update z*%q@]ym Print "DONE!" g{&ui.ml& PALc;"]O End Sub GC}==^1 uJ v-4H 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: &6nWzF u.xnO cOH! Accommodation = 4 Diopters *u;Iw{.{ Pupil Diameter = 4 mm .U]-j\ Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ^s"R$?;h Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 -PR N:'T Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 {F.[&/A Set lens thickness = 3.927 Vs!Nmv` Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 86F1.ve Set pupil diameter = 4 I9ep`X6Y DONE!
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