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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 ed6@o4D/kf  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 p}^G#h{  
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模型 $cSUB  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 R /=rNUe  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. f"s_dR  
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光源 Yc7 YNC.  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 lEk@I"  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 <D a-rv8  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 0=>$J WF  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 70qEqNoC  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 g}W`LIasv  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 :SaZhY  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 k{2Gq1S{  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 xUn"XkhP  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 4v_Ac;2m&  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 #&.Znk:@.f  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 K+~?yOQj  
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分析 H q6%$!q  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Ur+U#}  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 ?!Y_w2  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. |Z>-<]p9g  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY p<r^{y  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION E+Bc>xl@ m  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 1i#y>fUj  
    Dim A As Double 2q[pOT'k  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double _WNbuk0  
    Dim eID As Long 9JdJn>  
    Dim parID As Long ;87PP7~  
    Dim count As Integer sV#%U%un  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double qIJc\,'  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double B=OzP+  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double YXp\C"~g  
    Dim ok As Long -1 dD~S$  
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    Sub Main 7>f2P!:  
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        '用户输入对话框 rfonM~3?'  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 )M<+?R$];  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 8Ay7I  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 x:-NTW -g  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 vP,pK=5  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 N~]qQ oj,  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 J299 mgB  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Vja 4WK*  
        End Dialog 4Wgzp51Aq!  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Tbm ~@k(C  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) )bg|l?  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed c!HGiqp  
            Print "Execution cancelled." `]65&hWZL  
            End o<A-ETx<  
        End If WzFXF{(  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ;#zteqn  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then _b8KK4UR  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation (ORbhjl  
        Else ?8$`GyjS  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) `.;U)}Tn  
        End If Z4G%Ve[  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then eTjPztdJbx  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Zsapu1HoL\  
        Else 5$+7Q$Gw  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) {3KY:%6qj  
        End If D?y-Y  
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        Print " " * 4J!@w  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 8L:AmpQdpA  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" FrMXf,}  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation A)~ oD_ooQ  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness a4uy}@9z  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens kj2qX9 Ms  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens @ *Jbp  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens zU[o_[+7^  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Wj3i*x$  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 8r>\scS  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction r1q'+i  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation \x$`/  
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        '************************************************************************* w!*ZS~v/r  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) vy2<'V*y}  
        '************************************************************************* vg?(0Gasm*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) aVHID{Gf Z  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity U}HSL5v  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^+%bh/2_W  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z /)v+|%U  
        count = 0 a(IE8:yU`  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0-OKbw5%=b  
            GetOperation eID, count, op >l-u{([B  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then OS%[SHs  
                DeleteOperation eID,count kqX %y  
                count=count-1 #Qg)4[pMJ  
            End If U5ph4G  
            count=count+1 k]gPMhe  
        Wend f }r \  
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        'Set new shift in XU<owk  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" D',7T=C   
        op.val1 = taq KiMlbF.~V  
        op.parent = parID r]}6iF.  
        AddOperation eID, op V!*1F1  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Uun0FCA>  
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        '************************************************************************* Q7`)&^ Hx  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 8T+o.w==  
        '************************************************************************* dj5|t~&  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) AEf[:]i]  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [ZG>FJDl8  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant z+M{z r  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant g~|vmVBua  
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        '************************************************************************* $uwz` N:  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 5s%e9x|kP  
        '************************************************************************* TUGD!b{  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) EGFP$nvq  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :SwA) (1  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost v 9G~i  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ":sp0(`h  
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        '************************************************************************* `o9:6X?RA  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) T6?03cSE  
        '************************************************************************* FwKY;^`!d  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 1H%p|'FKA  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) $B9?>a|{A  
        count = 0 1DU l<&4  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 37IHn6r\  
            GetOperation eID, count, op t0xE&#4  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 'b[O-6v  
                DeleteOperation eID,count J pj[.Sq  
                count=count-1 ~Sf'bj;(  
            End If jL)Y'  
            count=count+1 e&A3=a~\s  
        Wend }U9dzU14  
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        'Set new z-shift $t6t 6<M)  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" SMd[*9l [  
        op.val1 = tlens n0K+/}m  
        op.parent = parID 5KTFf6Uq  
        AddOperation eID, op grI#'x  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens l7<VHz0b  
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        '************************************************************************* Mj2Dat`p9  
        'Lens index of refraction >#;_Ebl@  
        '************************************************************************* L*p7|rq$"  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) G^;]]Ji"  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat &{#6Z  
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        mat.Nd = nlens +wHa)A0MW  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat QYj 4D  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ;$]a.9 -  
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        '************************************************************************* pvWj)4e  
        'Pupil diameter  SN}3  
        '************************************************************************* 1n*"C!q  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 1Qjc*+JzO.  
    "WPWMQ+  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) tmeg=U7  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ]|IeE!6  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 1b7?6CqV  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3+ C;zDKa  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ={p<|8`"  
        count = 0 ,WoB)V.{(  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count E3x<o<v  
            GetOperation eID, count, op az}zoFl  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Xp6Z<Z&N  
                DeleteOperation eID,count *Hv d  
                count=count-1 a_DK"8I  
            End If e-xT.RnQ  
            count=count+1 b+dmJ]c  
        Wend , d HAD  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,W]}mqV%.'  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 :efDPNm5  
        op.parent = parID mEb`ET|  
        AddOperation eID, op SM<qb0  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam f?@M"p@T  
    ,z((?h,nm  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description '81Rwp  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7 lq$PsC  
        GetEntity eID, entity bDegIW/'w  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" XNBzA3W  
        SetEntity eID, entity sI4 FgO  
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        Update Sx_j`Cgy  
        Print "DONE!" 09iD| $~  
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    End Sub 0 zjGL7  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: y}W*P#BDO  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 4LJOT_  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm `y1,VY  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 (d[JMO^@8  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6fT^t!<i  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Lf Y[Z4  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ,`$2  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 UwDoueXs  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 $BOIa  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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