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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 I}g|n0o  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 2AdHj&XE  
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模型 [(e`b  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 -)->Jx:{  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. dv4r\ R^  
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光源 in;+d~?  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 BUy}Rn  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 +[l{C+p  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 $gD(MKR)~  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 [#@p{[?r  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 7_'k`J@_  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 TXk"[>,:H  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 /7HIL?r  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 RkXLE"G '  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: (S93 %ii  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 k}a!lI:  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Q]koj!mMl  
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分析 UtW3KvJ#=  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 g8@i_  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 Ita!07  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Fl(ZKpSZU  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY y]z#??  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION :QY9pT  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL v?'k)B  
    Dim A As Double Mh B=+S[@  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double L1w4WFWO  
    Dim eID As Long sU3V)7"  
    Dim parID As Long kR|DzB7  
    Dim count As Integer *xNjhR]7v  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double $R}iL  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Jx[e{o)o  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double H ;}ue  
    Dim ok As Long ]V7hl#VO  
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    Sub Main .TU15AAc  
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        '用户输入对话框 BP><G^  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 $f-pLF+x  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 N@ tb^M  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 k5<0M'  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 gM]/Y6 *$b  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 "tbBbEj?d  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 z>#$#:Z4  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Wl"fh_  
        End Dialog ^Q:`2C5  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 3]82gZG G  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) j>=".^J  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed !: [` V!{  
            Print "Execution cancelled." vYun^(_-  
            End :7]R2JP  
        End If ,$*klod  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty C8SNSeg  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 5{=MUU=  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ~0  t'+.  
        Else NWcF9z%@  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) %[;KO&Ga  
        End If rJ*WxOoS{  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then unB "dE  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter SQRz8,sqkw  
        Else Msdwv.jM  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) F.w#AV  
        End If +w/o  
    ` OK }q  
        Print " " oz r+6z  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" [r~l O@  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" cE#Y,-f  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation $t?e=#G  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness &0blHDMj{#  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens j|w+=A1  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens |1x,_uyQ%  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens nhxl#  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens  6<GWDO  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness r-uIFhV^  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction r +fzmb  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation YDL)F<Y  
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        '************************************************************************* Melc -[  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) l{yPO@ut`F  
        '************************************************************************* MS)bhZvO  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) yLX\pkAt4  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity XsCbA8Qv  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  -"H9W:  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ; U4X U  
        count = 0 "+60B0>sc  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lUz@Em  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 7]Yd-vA  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }2{#=Elh  
                DeleteOperation eID,count )$i3j 1[;  
                count=count-1 YKk%;U*  
            End If c eX*|B@=  
            count=count+1 VN;M;fMs  
        Wend %mJ)pMV  
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        'Set new shift in H9?~#GPb  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" !{LwX Kf  
        op.val1 = taq m9S5;kB]  
        op.parent = parID ySZ)yT  
        AddOperation eID, op P{ o/F  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 [d}1Cq=_  
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        '************************************************************************* ^S @b*  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens d0d2QRX  
        '************************************************************************* #c_ZU\" h"  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) &iivSc;#  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic i\b2P2 `B  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant FE.:h'^h  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant <T>f@Dn,  
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        '************************************************************************* k,J?L-F  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens $hapSrS  
        '************************************************************************* |BR&p)7)  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) H{If\B%1t  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 2 Qy&V/E ?  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost a>6p])Wh  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost QQJ cvaQ  
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        '************************************************************************* z!tHn#  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) OB:G5B`  
        '************************************************************************* Wk?XlCj  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) <\u%ZB  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 4U3T..wA  
        count = 0 Fa8>+  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count OLq/OO,w  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ygHNAQG~  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then e5dwq  
                DeleteOperation eID,count a"EXR-+8  
                count=count-1 }0 Z3Lrv  
            End If n:{yri+  
            count=count+1 ouuj d~b+  
        Wend IlY,V  
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        'Set new z-shift |"arVde  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" v?}/WKe+0  
        op.val1 = tlens TAP/gN'  
        op.parent = parID \|kU{d0  
        AddOperation eID, op SRMy#j-  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens / wEr>[8S  
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        '************************************************************************* &A>J>b  
        'Lens index of refraction r~X6qC  
        '************************************************************************* 4&tY5m>  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ]0o78(/w2  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat [e (-  
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        mat.Nd = nlens 9,4a?.*4~  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat @E1N9S?>  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens R]dc(D  
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        '************************************************************************* k5^'b#v  
        'Pupil diameter F$.M2*9  
        '************************************************************************* M C>{I3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) I3A](`  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 3+IS7ATn  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Yk }zN_v  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens x\)-4w<P  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tP`,Egf"g  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) *0Fn C2W1  
        count = 0 rLp0VKPe  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .iw+ #  
            GetOperation eID, count, op y2)~ljR  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Hc}(+wQN%  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Xf:-K(%e  
                count=count-1 =r`>tWs  
            End If 07n=H~yU  
            count=count+1 g8^$,  
        Wend 9n1O@~  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" M^H357r%  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 *T 6<'a  
        op.parent = parID U4%P0}q/  
        AddOperation eID, op Bp9 u6R  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ="MG>4j3.F  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description :0r@o:H  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !s5 _JO  
        GetEntity eID, entity B \BP:;"  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" s %/3X\_  
        SetEntity eID, entity @qI^xs=Z  
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        Update _K'YaZTa;~  
        Print "DONE!" Y'58.8hl  
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    End Sub UkeX">  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: A=>%KQc?  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters fE,\1LK4  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm .- uH ax0  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ^C_ ;uz  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 -:Yx1Y3 [  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 1#6c sZW5  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 <$R'y6U :  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 |}=xA%)  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 n}0[EE!  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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