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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 =h xyR;  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 +|Izjx]ZV  
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模型 zm8k,e +5-  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 -<L5;  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. c/^l2CJ0  
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光源 ht#,v5oG>f  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 1]9l SE!E7  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 fda4M  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 nch#DE8 2  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 6v74mIRn'?  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 %mIdQQ,  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 6J_$dzw  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 _8ks`O#}  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 A2p%Y},  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 9-vQn/O^D  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 HGDiwA  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 I0><IaFy  
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分析 hd,O/-m#  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 7G7"Zule*j  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 A`Rs n\  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. u.*}'C>^^v  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY =(Y0wZP|  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION \KS.A 4  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Gm3`/!r  
    Dim A As Double ]g }5p4*&  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double o9yUJ@ :i  
    Dim eID As Long lA;qFXaN>  
    Dim parID As Long V6h8+|hK  
    Dim count As Integer 7TU xdI  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double /1D.Ud^  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double $dWYu"2C D  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double (i?9/8I  
    Dim ok As Long "!fwIEG  
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    Sub Main c.5u \ I9"  
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        '用户输入对话框 "zzb`T[8  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 'm"Ez'sS  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 .6I'V3:Kg  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 sTep2W.9  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 SG1AYUs V  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 =fdW H4  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 yq<W+b/  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 "q!*RO'a  
        End Dialog ZR"qrCSw`  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog e\f\CMb  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) M _lLP8W}  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ts("(zI1E  
            Print "Execution cancelled." (ip3{d{CT]  
            End ${}9/(x/^  
        End If 1'iQlnMO@  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty DRTT3;,N  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then W^S]"N0u  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation @v!#_%J  
        Else .2_xTt   
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) MZh?MaBz06  
        End If y\[* mgl:  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then kA)`i`gt  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ]scr@e  
        Else a<>cbP  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 9C7HL;MF  
        End If Dkh=(+> <  
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        Print " " \OWxf[  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" }w2Et  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" {ot6ssT=D  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation cWo__EE  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness "Vp:Sq9y  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens gQ%mVJB{(  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Ir*{IVvej  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens a1[J>  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens  twK3  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 'aEN(Mdz1e  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction )nK+`{;@!  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation w{;~  
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        '************************************************************************* ~x@V"rxGw  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) O'.{6H;t  
        '************************************************************************* Qv;b$by3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >?G!>kw  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity JS<w43/j  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) A1z<2.R  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 1!E}A!;  
        count = 0 &zVXd  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 6lkCLH  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 0 N0< 4b  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then > %Hw008  
                DeleteOperation eID,count pL>Yx>  
                count=count-1 "d M-3o<  
            End If  p1&=D%/  
            count=count+1 eu$"GbqY  
        Wend Mpk7$=hjc  
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        'Set new shift in U7,.L  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" =KD[#au6a  
        op.val1 = taq +@7c:CAy(  
        op.parent = parID LfCgvq6/pO  
        AddOperation eID, op KF!d?  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Q7UQwAN'  
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        '************************************************************************* /c4$m3?]  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Ywcgt|  
        '************************************************************************* Z*v`kl  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) c]qh)F$s8  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ^% Ln@!P  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant uBC#4cX`D*  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant y`/:E<fVk  
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        '************************************************************************* ') 2LP;(  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ' 8Q }pp`  
        '************************************************************************* 5a2;@ }%V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) m Q<Vwx0  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Z]5xy_La  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost &b-&0 rTqz  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost tZ*>S]qD  
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        '************************************************************************* vo~Qo;m  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) $`lGPi(Jc  
        '************************************************************************* e. E$Ej]w  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %.fwNS  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) EYn9l n_]u  
        count = 0 !QME!c>*$  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9tmnx')_  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 4ZYywDwn  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ZK<c(,oZ^  
                DeleteOperation eID,count e{^lD.E  
                count=count-1 6!=q+sw/X  
            End If VmXXj6l&  
            count=count+1 SxkY ;^-U  
        Wend [EQTrr( D  
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        'Set new z-shift X8~?uroq  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" zOy_qozk  
        op.val1 = tlens A+fXt`YNM  
        op.parent = parID r*FAUb`bG  
        AddOperation eID, op #;;A~d:V  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens "wxyY^"  
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        '************************************************************************* S&Hgr_/}c  
        'Lens index of refraction v[jg|s&6"  
        '************************************************************************* sy6[%8D$  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) \#C]|\  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat y6H`FFqK  
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        mat.Nd = nlens z.tN<P7  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat \GK]6VW  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens  / w[Tu  
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        '************************************************************************* VLfKN)g  
        'Pupil diameter Y+0GJuBf  
        '************************************************************************* bH%d*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) g ?@fHFct  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) L3s"L.G  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" IUD@Kf]S  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ^bLFY9hSC  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) \Y6r !D9  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #K/95!)  
        count = 0 | _nBiHjNn  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .F/s (  
            GetOperation eID, count, op z]&?}o  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then p ^)3p5w  
                DeleteOperation eID,count x X.{(er  
                count=count-1 J"XZnb)E=  
            End If mgb+HNH%q\  
            count=count+1 c/l^;6O/!\  
        Wend <driD'=F  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ"  k =O  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 v z&88jt  
        op.parent = parID p@oz[017/J  
        AddOperation eID, op :4r*Jju<V  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam | 3`8$-  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description yl0;Jx?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) yA';~V\V{>  
        GetEntity eID, entity COHook(:  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" N686~  
        SetEntity eID, entity HumL(S'm  
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        Update YdN]Tqc  
        Print "DONE!" dk0} q6~  
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    End Sub Vd'=Fe;eB  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: oqzWL~  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters M(n@ytz  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm jsP+,brO  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ')Y1c O  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ]<S{3F=  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 #$}A$sm  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 AS'+p%(  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ?%n"{k?#  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Fh/sD?  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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