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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 f6\4 ,()  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 !M)] 1Y  
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模型 aMT=pGU  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 =j20A6gND  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 4$mtc*tzT  
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光源 AuM}L&`i^  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 $Fi1Bv)  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 WlW%z(RC  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 6Z=Qs=q  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 {: \LFB_  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 4hfq7kq7(  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 =w:)AWZ  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 1*6xFn  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 J,=ZUh@M  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: _7qa~7?f  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 'qG-)2 t  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 *5hbD-a:  
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分析 [~G1Rz\h  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Z.x]6  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 5')]Y1J  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. @o#Yq n3Y  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY {.;qz4d`  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION C?W}/r[  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL gNDMJ^`  
    Dim A As Double E`C !q X>  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double z[O*f#t  
    Dim eID As Long Mc(|+S@w'  
    Dim parID As Long "3a}~J<g  
    Dim count As Integer ""_G4{  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double @6aJh< c  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double (#)XRm{t  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double !h<O c!9  
    Dim ok As Long P3Vh|<'7  
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    Sub Main ,q7FK z{  
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        '用户输入对话框 R9"}-A  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 % -+7=x  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0  &"27U  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 _%\%  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ;mGPX~38  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 PDz:x4A  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 t y4R2LnC  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 V\]j^$  
        End Dialog M`@ASL:u  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 5~im.XfiVx  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) NpKyrXDJv  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed  ylS6D  
            Print "Execution cancelled." Q"c/]Sk)  
            End UWK|_RT6SA  
        End If 2+C:Em0yI  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty dxH\H?NO  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then .5s^a.e'O  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation h;y}g/HZ  
        Else C~"UOFX  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) V\e1NS  
        End If &5z9C=]e  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then iWFtb)3B  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter /`nkz  
        Else '$'a .q1q9  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ;volBfv  
        End If Iu5 9W >  
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        Print " " !y>up+cRjl  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" "M\rO!f:  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" uqa pj("  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation u?g&(h  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness %;= ?r*]  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens cR,'aX  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ;(;~yB|NZ5  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ~Z*7:bPN!^  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens nt-_)4Fm  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness UIg?3J}R  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction c#1kg@q@  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Gm9  
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        '************************************************************************* b!Nr  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 7/k7V)  
        '************************************************************************* oSf`F1;)HQ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gyV`]uqG  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity a#[gNT~[  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) UL#:!J/34  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z \/gf_R_GN  
        count = 0 m']$)Iqw  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Qy}pn=#Q  
            GetOperation eID, count, op q #7Nk)<.  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then n9k  
                DeleteOperation eID,count $cwmfF2C  
                count=count-1 !b4AeiL>w  
            End If ?EPHq, E  
            count=count+1 K ;]dZ8  
        Wend P>)J:.tr0  
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        'Set new shift in xfC$u`e=  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" T5e#Ll/  
        op.val1 = taq X eY[;}9  
        op.parent = parID `d4xX@  
        AddOperation eID, op ,/TmTX--d  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 G %\/[ B  
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        '************************************************************************* *8;<w~  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens /-m)  
        '************************************************************************* M"{*))O\-c  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) `k8jFB C  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "Ms{c=XPK  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant iC^91!<  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant [cZ/)tm  
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        '************************************************************************* c&wiTvRV  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ?OoI6 3&  
        '************************************************************************* 4}cxSl]jf!  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _s5FYb#  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $UK m[:7  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost p1i}fGS  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 3XQe? 2:<  
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        '************************************************************************* %21|-B  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) AcH!KbYf  
        '************************************************************************* $]}K;  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Rbr:Q]zGN  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) ^-n^IR}J  
        count = 0 n+Conp/  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "$K]+0ryG<  
            GetOperation eID, count, op *<SXzJ(  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a_{'I6a*,  
                DeleteOperation eID,count *b 0z/ 6  
                count=count-1 +opym!\  
            End If uR.pQo07y<  
            count=count+1 _1Ne+"V  
        Wend $3&XM  
    'NfsAE  
        'Set new z-shift tSoF!@6  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" COw!a\Jl  
        op.val1 = tlens }aXSMxCd  
        op.parent = parID qxHn+O!h  
        AddOperation eID, op kRbJK  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens J&JZYuuf  
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        '************************************************************************* a|4D6yUw|  
        'Lens index of refraction 3="vOSJ6&  
        '************************************************************************* T \- x3i  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) oTXIs4+G  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat hgE :2@  
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        mat.Nd = nlens  ^4Xsdh5  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat _Ye.29  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens fGs\R]  
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        '************************************************************************* eX}aa0  
        'Pupil diameter A:z  
        '************************************************************************* %{:pBt:Z  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) gp$Rf9\  
    :7obxW1X  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) i1KjQ1\a+  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 7,Z<PE  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Ik5V?  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !T ,=kh  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `ZM$\Q=:  
        count = 0 6w m-uu  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count !?+0O]`}  
            GetOperation eID, count, op NYG!\u\Rm  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `r3 klL,W'  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Cd]A1<6s  
                count=count-1 JTBt=u{6^  
            End If 2DJg__("  
            count=count+1 ?vI2mr a+  
        Wend ]F>#0Rdc  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" H`URJ8k$Q  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 FyPG5-  
        op.parent = parID F!/-2u5gF  
        AddOperation eID, op (0`w.n  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ' ;nG4+K  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Ef ?|0Gm  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |/%5~=%7  
        GetEntity eID, entity jA^Dk$  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" YN<vOv  
        SetEntity eID, entity W$;qhB  
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        Update n|DMj[uT  
        Print "DONE!" rbIYLVA+V  
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    End Sub qP##C&+#q  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: kZrc^  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters t?Q bi)T=z  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ~!g2+^G7+P  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 P6ktA-Hv>  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 UHU ,zgM  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 #G`K<%{?f  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 :& :P4Y1 E  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 `"yxmo*0  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 W+U0Y,N6  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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