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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 $#0%gs/x  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 &<L+;k~P%  
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模型 4u"O/rt  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 (0Y6tcV]R  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Fn 6>n04v  
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光源 {At1]>  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 96 C|R  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 2&P'rmFm  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 QHA<7Wg  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 =7Nm= 5@  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 #O G_O I  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 jH \@Oc;7  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 TVYO`9:CW  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 *"4 OXyV  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: R$NH [Tz  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 |VTm5.23  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 N#Y4nllJ  
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分析 oO!@s`  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 pX|\J>u)  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 j2g#t  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Q:lSKf  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY vY6eg IO  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ;OE{&  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL \2pJ ]  
    Dim A As Double &A]*"lt|w  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double l 8n#sGA%  
    Dim eID As Long , )u}8ty3j  
    Dim parID As Long PUF"^9v  
    Dim count As Integer ,RDxu7iT  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ,NPU0IDG>  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double zZGPA j  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Hk(w\   
    Dim ok As Long vNHM e{,u  
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    Sub Main ok2$ p  
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        '用户输入对话框 JaiYVx(  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 4f'WF5S/}8  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 y2o?a6`  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 A<QYW,:|  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 +|r) ;>b  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Ilsh Jo  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 /%=p-By<V  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 %t`a-m  
        End Dialog ;9/6X#;$  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog }ZlJ  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) #c./<<P5}  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed X_ !Sm  
            Print "Execution cancelled." HkGzyDt  
            End Y[X5S{H`wj  
        End If 0+m"eGwTm  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty KSc&6UVz^  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then {M$mrmG  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 8pg?g'A~}  
        Else #<MLW4P  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) AW!|xA6'`:  
        End If VsNqYFHes&  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then )p).}"   
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 9L*gxI>  
        Else qd%5[A  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 1Hy  
        End If kS[k*bN0  
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        Print " " b=Zg1SqV  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 4Q,HhqV'  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" plv"/KJM  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Z"mpE+U*  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 7E%ehM6Y  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens +d2+w1o^V  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens <YUc?NF  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 7Q/v#_e(  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens s@'};E^]@r  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness K/, B  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction I`5F& 8J{  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Qo0okir  
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        '************************************************************************* @lc1Ipfk"  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) (|I0C 'Ki  
        '************************************************************************* >6@*%LM  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) CDO _A\  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity [f:>tRdH  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *J 7>6N:-  
    'i%Azzv  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z i6h:%n]Io  
        count = 0 XaR(q2s  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .Xg%><{~  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 7Aq4YjbX  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then /?9e{,\s  
                DeleteOperation eID,count |*Z'WUv  
                count=count-1 X:j&+d2g0/  
            End If 23U9+  
            count=count+1 Yu9Ccj`  
        Wend 1;?b-FEq:  
    /:z}WAW  
        'Set new shift in @>ONp|}@qI  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" U@BVVH?,o  
        op.val1 = taq VS%8f.7ep  
        op.parent = parID D4c}z#}*0  
        AddOperation eID, op Ud*.[GRD~  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 VrQw;-rQ  
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        '************************************************************************* E IsA2 f  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens f]J?-ks  
        '************************************************************************* ?Xlmt$Jp  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) vJtQ&,zG  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic l!~8  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant pn{.oXomf  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @H]g_yw [:  
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        '*************************************************************************  vF]?i  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens zblh_6  
        '************************************************************************* RgRyo  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 85w D<bN27  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Kcsje_I-M  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost h:a5FK@  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 3543[W#a  
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        '************************************************************************* wAF>C[<\  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 1Q#hanh_`  
        '************************************************************************* \X Nb9-  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) =y0!-y  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) }{bO ~L7  
        count = 0 t=xO12Z  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count NO`LSF  
            GetOperation eID, count, op h'MX{Wm.  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then v srce  
                DeleteOperation eID,count .NQoqXR  
                count=count-1 rYJt;/RtR}  
            End If :2 QA#  
            count=count+1 ##}a0\x|  
        Wend UF D_  
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        'Set new z-shift Y0&w;P  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Q]{DhDz ?+  
        op.val1 = tlens z*zLK[t+  
        op.parent = parID }b)?o@9}:  
        AddOperation eID, op va~:oA  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens \@MGO aR]  
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        '************************************************************************* h*_r=' E  
        'Lens index of refraction }{=%j~V;&  
        '************************************************************************* &y3_>!L  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Wq&TbWR  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat o~mY,7@a  
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        mat.Nd = nlens gRSM~<  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat q'C'S#qqn  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens b]hRmW  
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        '************************************************************************* #uuwzE*M_  
        'Pupil diameter r/:9j(yxr  
        '************************************************************************* _$MoMg{uJH  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) XfViLBY( >  
    2>ce(4Gky  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) C\$7C5/  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" X k<X:,T  
    m[ifcDZ(e  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens x*Z"~'DI  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) <:q]t6]$  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) !6f#OAP\  
        count = 0 `.L8<-]W  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count A3C<9wXx  
            GetOperation eID, count, op P/M*XUG.  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lq.AQ  
                DeleteOperation eID,count :S~XE  
                count=count-1 EBK\.[  
            End If n?kU  
            count=count+1 J*a`qU   
        Wend )o AK)e  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" pOnZ7(  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 JfKl=vg  
        op.parent = parID Xa9G;J$  
        AddOperation eID, op .!nFy`  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 5#QB&A>  
    !Aj_r^[X`  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description VNXB7#ry  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) L|!9%X0.  
        GetEntity eID, entity A4%0  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ~y B[}BPf  
        SetEntity eID, entity OM}:1He  
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        Update D?X97jNm  
        Print "DONE!" eR8h4M~O  
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    End Sub hb`b Q  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ) ae/+Q8  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters F =d L#@^  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Y,>])R[4  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 i]9SCO  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 c @2s!bs  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Dugr{Y/0  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 7th&C,c&  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 B1*%pjy  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 3YA !2  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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