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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 6X+}>qy [j6~}zu@ 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 1JTbCS !awh*Xj6 模型 GCE!$W
AvRcS]@= 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 rFag@Z"[" Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] y[HQBv =xEk7'W6k 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Y4~vC[$x' "!&B4 光源 C@dGWAG KvFR8s 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Md(JIlh3 *M!kA65' [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 <GW R7rUH LZWS^77 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 {Qtq7q. oW'POAr 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 D?u` [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 l=Wd,$\ nlfPg-78B+ [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 dXP6"V@iI <Ry$7t, 视网膜的散射 wkT;a&_ ?R?Grw)`H 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 &G{2s J5{ IhW7^(p\ [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 N_vXYaY *caLN,G 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ?:}Pa<D&K 9y+[o [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 ZO7bSxAN- R#0{Wg0O) 脚本 RWE~&w G} >~&(P_<b 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 7Dl%UG] [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 _'c+fG
\ [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 i| xt f rA#s 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 94z8B;+H] 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 v' 0!= r *]!l%Uf% 分析 fOW_h F"BL#g66 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 STlPT5e.} [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 4g!7
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2}k 脚本代码 jM\ %$_/ 5DSuUEvWcL
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. J9a $AU*
/| f[us-w Dim entity As T_ENTITY Doj(.wm~ Dim op As T_OPERATION P!>g7X Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL T&4fBMBp,% Dim A As Double =~",/I? Dim pupilDiam As Double JjDS"hK# Dim eID As Long #01/(:7 Dim parID As Long QRagz,c Dim count As Integer 'fl(N2t Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double AY@k-4 Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 1)Eq&ASB Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ^?sSx!:bZ Dim ok As Long C M^r|4K +{0=<2(EC Sub Main Fva]*5 HqRCjD '用户输入对话框 [k~C+FI Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 XC}1_VWs TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 >.@MR<H#5 Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 4L$};L OKButton 40,91,90,21 "MTq{f2? CancelButton 190,91,90,21 }
Ab_o#Zy Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 |DGCdB|`G TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 d1lH[r!Z End Dialog U5clQiow Dim dlg As UserDialog ,L~snR'w _;VYFs ok = Dialog (dlg) Uk|9@Auav |} 9GHjG If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed @QX4 \ Print "Execution cancelled." YOlH*cZtg End v<`$bvv? End If 3m~U(yho P8u"T!G 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty BMF3XcH~G If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then rSbQ}O4V A = 0 'Default accommodation 6iyt2qkh Else qWkx:-g] A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Upu%.[7 End If )Jmw|B W >Kp\tD If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then L% zuI& q pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter eNivlJ,K|@ Else 8@Q"YA3d+ pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) |B,dEx/uU End If m9uUDq#GJ %"{?[!C ? Print " " 9/^d~ZO Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" FmR\`yY_, Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ayN*fiV] vDWr|M%``l ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation )~G8 L Z taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness hg!x_Eq| 40rZ~!} Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens YqkA&qL]#; CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens zabw!@] >&g2 IvDS Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens 8 `yB CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens =:kiSrBS3t (1OW6xtfG tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness ;%M2x5 kK08W3@&t nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction s-fKh` N" 8*FiZ| 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation '! #On/ 7ucx6J]c '************************************************************************* 6
bYC 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 3{I=.mUUm '************************************************************************* Z+OAs0}mV eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0oXK&Z GetCustomElement eID, entity ~>lOl/n 5 f;&` 9s| 1 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }3LBbG0Bw -Cg`x=G;z ' Delete any shift(s) in z 8|fLe\" count = 0 +!D=SnBGs While GetOperationCount(eID)>count PV5-^Y"v GetOperation eID, count, op 5+o
2 T] If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then uv?8V@x2 DeleteOperation eID,count CD*f4I#d count=count-1 >|y>e{P End If dw@TbJ count=count+1 = E##},N" Wend 6tDg3`w> 5)h+(u C3 'Set new shift in -Y5YCY!` op.Type = "ShiftZ" }(8D!XgWa op.val1 = taq T2;v<( op.parent = parID yd\5Z[iEp AddOperation eID, op f$~ _FX Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55
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FF5tPHB '************************************************************************* /F\>Z] 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens $`-SVC '************************************************************************* |_xZ/DT eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Lg\8NtP GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ,AGM?&A ~xsb5M5 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant tg4LE?nv Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant u&hDjE m^W*[^p '************************************************************************* R !:eYoQ 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens a>-}\GXTA '************************************************************************* 44<9zHK eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) cij]&$;Q GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic cKvAR5| g] 7{5 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost lo IL{2 Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ,n
/SDEL \}]=?}( '************************************************************************* 60Xl. 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) dXf]G6 '************************************************************************* r_qncy,F #U\&i` parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 0xvMR&.H (Von;U ' Delete any z-shift(s) >x|A7iWn{, count = 0 HM(bR"E While GetOperationCount(eID)>count -+j9X;h: GetOperation eID, count, op tkm~KLWV&7 If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then B` t6H DeleteOperation eID,count MX4 :e>dtd count=count-1 e{qp!N1! End If y{&{=1# count=count+1 k8Su/U Wend 46Y7HTwE 8o%<.] 'Set new z-shift |g: '')>[ op.Type = "ShiftZ" z<3}TD op.val1 = tlens Kd AR)EU> op.parent = parID =DmPPl{ AddOperation eID, op /Gh
x2B Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens EA%#/n b7>-aem@I '************************************************************************* l"~h1xk~ 'Lens index of refraction ur~Tql '************************************************************************* @@&@}IQcR1 eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) On2Vf*G@| GetModelMaterial eID, mat <.?^LT "R\\\I7u mat.Nd = nlens i"r.>X'Z SetModelMaterial eID, mat 8`rAE_n`% Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens lyOrM7Gs eJVOVPg<, '************************************************************************* N~Sue 'Pupil diameter ?=|)n% '************************************************************************* ^)%wq@Hi eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) .H[Lo> Hm8EYPrJ 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) }{w_>!ee ^}Dv$\;6 SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" tswG"1R 2\iD;Z#gM ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens mXN1b! parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) C7fi1~ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) u}@%70A count = 0 %;"B;~ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q9a
wzj GetOperation eID, count, op &s6(3k If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4o)\DB?! DeleteOperation eID,count ek0;8Ds9 count=count-1 l66ipgw_^I End If !z4Hj{A_ count=count+1 0F;(_2V- Wend Tr}$Pb1 op.Type = "ShiftZ" |]2eGrGj4 op.val1 = taq-0.01 fi-&[llg op.parent = parID d= T9mj.@ AddOperation eID, op ,{mf+ 3&$, 7]HIE]# Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam _>:=<xyOq &oK/]lub 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 2dV\=vd eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [2H(yLw O GetEntity eID, entity WHD/s entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" iw]BQjK SetEntity eID, entity WY.\<$7
"ppb%= Update ,*}g
r Print "DONE!" 2M(PH]D nLN6@ End Sub k
@/SeE Ll E_{||h 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: n-| i /o06h y Accommodation = 4 Diopters ^$s~qQQ}B Pupil Diameter = 4 mm %>z8:oJ Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 m*Lv,yw %a Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 .]P;fCQmM Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 }zfLm`vJ Set lens thickness = 3.927 t%YX-@ Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Bc"}nSjH Set pupil diameter = 4 O t4+VbB6 DONE!
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