| infotek |
2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 seEG~/U< ^<O=<tN\ 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 pElAY3 $&iw (BIq 模型 %) 8 UyZG BiUbg6T.G 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 \sZ!F&a~ Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] U(cV#@Y H$i4OQ2 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. VdV18-ea =tE7XC3X_ 光源 h"{Z%XPX# c31k%/. 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 m.A_u7D@ J}cqBk> [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 SiyZq" CPCjY|w7 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 "eiZZSz R4Vi*H 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 yY$:zc"J [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 Gn_rf" ,KHebv! [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 Oy^)lF/ o%E^41M7E 视网膜的散射 Oi=c
6n b xT| 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 3"Y
|RSy 4iiW{rh4 [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 QFm~wv8: #sK:q&/G` 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 [80L|?, * ,dM}B- [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 O%.c%)4Xo ~a^"VQ5]ac 脚本 JC6Bs`=s~ s6|EvIVM 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: PO,mg?JG( [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 8MH ZWi [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 k%5o5Hx V9tG2mLf> 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 n.{Ud\| 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 $-zt,iRyV 4ACL|RF)A 分析 )!:}R}q ]YP J.[n 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 fP>*EDn@xg [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 f?OFMac Vu3;U 脚本代码 kDAPT_Gid nS8oSs_
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. )c:i'L
s3sAw~++ Dim entity As T_ENTITY bcp+7b(IB Dim op As T_OPERATION MY]Z@ Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL df=G}M( Dim A As Double |]tIE{d Dim pupilDiam As Double Gf(|?"
H Dim eID As Long "w#jC~J<W Dim parID As Long bi y1!r Dim count As Integer nwOT%@nw Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double A.@S>H'P
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double TmZ%
;TN Dim curv As Double, conic As Double L{py\4z'_ Dim ok As Long +=v6*%y"V =.Tc
l"O[ Sub Main :`~;~gW< G1t{a: '用户输入对话框 |;XkU`G Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 i$GL]0 TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 hx4X#_)v Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 .d)X.cO OKButton 40,91,90,21 n*UD0U}` CancelButton 190,91,90,21 To_Y
8 G Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 |~'PEY TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 z?NMQ8l|:6 End Dialog K\w:'%>- Dim dlg As UserDialog
){u/v[O9" s<f<:BC ok = Dialog (dlg) 9~
[Sio~ i(hI\hD If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed G4=R4'hC Print "Execution cancelled." (%&HufT End ~C|. .Z End If bq mb|mD o5NV4= 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty O#j&8hQ> If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then k,p:!S(bl A = 0 'Default accommodation =0Z^q0. Else `QpkD8 A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) O] T'\6w End If 5crd.1@^ 2U;6sn*e If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then _Hhf.DmUAH pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter ?X'm>R. @ Else ZCP
r`H pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) /I`AwCx End If =;hz,+ `x{*P.]N!< Print " " k0@b"y* Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ljr?Z,R4 Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" WOw( - fi|k) ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Rm i4ZPb. taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness :5YL!D/& V 6DWYs> Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens _#9F@SCA CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens reBAxmt K{]9Yo Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens &7K 4tL CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens i?{cB!7 z(00"ei tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness F(!9;O5J] J@CKgE nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction RgB5'$x} pTQ70V3 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation $N; Nvp2 ?pBQaUl& '************************************************************************* v(|Arm? 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) No|T#=BZ[ '************************************************************************* Xr B)[kQ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) QPc4bg\J~t GetCustomElement eID, entity S.4gfY ,/oqLI\ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) CyR1.|!@ )#(6J ' Delete any shift(s) in z -z s5WaJn/ count = 0 q(Q$lRj/I- While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5$58z GetOperation eID, count, op '<Fr}Cn If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then IqA'Vz,lL DeleteOperation eID,count d~0k}|> count=count-1 G!G]*p5 End If i9RAbt Q} count=count+1 X[e:fW[e) Wend bjO?k54I m@,u&9K 'Set new shift in ~W>3EJghR, op.Type = "ShiftZ" (9]8r2|. op.val1 = taq c:d.mkF\ op.parent = parID
;4:[kv@ AddOperation eID, op v@&UTU Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 "mtEjK5 hI$IBf> '************************************************************************* nT:F{2 M; 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens *^+]`S '************************************************************************* Pg''>6w> eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) z]49dCN GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic k#oe:u`< ;%ng])w=; SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant q*^m8 Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Ue?mb$ykC. Q?g#?z&Pu\ '************************************************************************* t+l{D#?a
'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens )wM881_! '************************************************************************* znkc@8_4 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) .rcXxV@f GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic (g*mC7 HN -UBH,U SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost F*Y]^9] Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Bo4MoSF} Ai*+LSG '************************************************************************* G'<Ie@$6l 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) hU~up a<dD '************************************************************************* uBUT84i @UK%l
:L parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ]=%oBxWAP :#zVF[Y(2 ' Delete any z-shift(s) 1G}\IK1+ count = 0 &-c{ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count TB%NHq-! GetOperation eID, count, op 84g8$~M If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .5E6MF DeleteOperation eID,count L2Z-seE count=count-1 e`eh;@9p End If \uyZl2=WWa count=count+1 r @URs;O= Wend 9}|t`V" 0 /)OAw"m 'Set new z-shift ~5;2 ni8n op.Type = "ShiftZ" g/W&Ap;qVL op.val1 = tlens #GfM!<q< op.parent = parID U:fGIEz{ZY AddOperation eID, op *?x[pqGq Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens }08Sv=XM
'h#>@v> } '************************************************************************* ,R7RXpP7t 'Lens index of refraction eAK=ylF; '************************************************************************* 1uJpn eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) W5(.Hub} GetModelMaterial eID, mat tL\L4>^7T P_F0lO mat.Nd = nlens cq4sgQ?sW SetModelMaterial eID, mat p1']+4r% Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Rebo.6rG ,CP&o '************************************************************************* ?2<V./2F 'Pupil diameter [<JY[o= '************************************************************************* \y0]BH eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 4vMjVbr P0l.sVqL 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) r:Ok z
<y<
SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" jJK@i\bU_ C[[:/X(c ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens z]R% A:6K parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Id?2(Tg eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) o(@^V!}V count = 0 W0LJXp-v While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +-PFISa<r GetOperation eID, count, op 4<S=KFT_ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,H@ x. DeleteOperation eID,count *d}{7UMy# count=count-1 blmY=/] End If \os"j count=count+1 vPET'Bf(YV Wend ;BW-ag \9 op.Type = "ShiftZ" dG%{&W9
op.val1 = taq-0.01 Jyyr'1/<k op.parent = parID J8@7
5p9 AddOperation eID, op Eikt, DxzNg_E] Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam -f=4\3y3p [w}KjV/yi 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description xX\A&9m eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) qR^i5JH}u GetEntity eID, entity HC
RmW' entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" T-.Bof(?w SetEntity eID, entity |K'7BK_^J s%@HchZ 1 Update !UX7R\qu| Print "DONE!" X~rHNRIU ;s w3MRJ End Sub F=V_ACU P+(Ys[J3 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: WbHI>tt 0r%,|FaS Accommodation = 4 Diopters Dlx-mm_ Pupil Diameter = 4 mm r95$( N Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2VgVn,c Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 E)%r}4u> Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 3.?B') Set lens thickness = 3.927 1fcyGZq Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 |&\cr\T\r Set pupil diameter = 4 c3|/8 DONE!
|
|