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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 |*X*n*oI  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 jWO/ xX  
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模型 <uk1?Q g  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 G"59cv8z4R  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. H:JLAK  
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光源 bo=ZM9  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 A[dvEb;r  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 n*'<uKpM  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 7"*|2Xq  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 |nk3^;Yf  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 sNHSr  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 %_aMl  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 V' 2EPYB  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 /Go K}W}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: &MgeYpd  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 A?"h@-~2  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Q1&P@Io$  
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分析 cQZ652F9  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 AdoZs8Q  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 k6?cP0I)5  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. }yEoEI`  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 8C.!V =@\  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION w3D]~&]  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 3rf#Q }"  
    Dim A As Double ^!;=6}YR  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double .Nx W=79t  
    Dim eID As Long g42R 'E%  
    Dim parID As Long g "!\\:M  
    Dim count As Integer ;? uC=o>Z{  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ~HUZ#rUHm>  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ^2M!*p&h  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double  D\T!4q'Q  
    Dim ok As Long F}rPY:  
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    Sub Main %bX0 mN  
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        '用户输入对话框 O'}l lo  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1  td(M#a-  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 JAn1{<Ky  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 i&@,5/'-_O  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 Q)Dwq?  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 #Y,A[Y5jX  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 eZO9GMO  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ~'  =lou  
        End Dialog IB7tAG8  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog VVrwOo CN  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) G79C {|c\  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -%uy63LbHF  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 2A$0CUMb  
            End TIRHT`"i  
        End If dB|Te"6  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty S[@6Lp3q_  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then .Y/-8H-3v  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation GMFc K=  
        Else iAz UaF  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) .{N\<01  
        End If iAQvsE  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then uU+s!C9r  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter $ WFhBak8  
        Else o?R,0 -  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) tmxPO e  
        End If PbUI!Xqe`  
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        Print " " ti;%BS  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" S_!R^^ySG9  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" q=[U }{  
    >1XL;)IL>  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation )b9I@)C  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness UIw?;:Y  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens *Yp qq  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens x\;GoGsez  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 0P:F97"1,  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 59qnEIi  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 0O ['w<_  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 0N1' $K$\  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 'Fzuc^G(d  
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        '************************************************************************* ) hPVX()O!  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }Ch[|D=Wd6  
        '************************************************************************* rH^/8|}&s  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ks^|>  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity IgiqFV {  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >huqt|S*9  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z B(E tXB9  
        count = 0 B$EK_@M  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count A@ { !:_55  
            GetOperation eID, count, op @>9A$w$H|a  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Q~CpP9%  
                DeleteOperation eID,count $@4e(Zrmo  
                count=count-1 Kk56/(_S  
            End If 6NKF'zh  
            count=count+1 ~)!VV)  
        Wend 6g5]=Q@U:  
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        'Set new shift in 0<"tl0p_  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" YmA) @1@U  
        op.val1 = taq vD"_X"v  
        op.parent = parID OUKj@~T  
        AddOperation eID, op t)`+d=P   
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 \Qb>:  
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        '************************************************************************* pJ$(ozV  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens %L.rcbg:<c  
        '************************************************************************* f#2#g%x  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 0I6499FQ  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic r8H7TJI0   
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant <y'qo8oqF  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant >pJ6{Ip  
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        '************************************************************************* :0|Hcg  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens jm~mhAE#  
        '************************************************************************* GZ}*r{  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) "&s9cO.H  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic kkG_ +Y  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 1XC*|  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Ig='a"%  
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        '************************************************************************* o4U]lK$  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) h7)VJY  
        '************************************************************************* u_hE7#i  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) /,-h%gj  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) !e9N3Ga  
        count = 0 n^3NA| A  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count nDwq!LEx%5  
            GetOperation eID, count, op o$^O<zL  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 1 NB2y[  
                DeleteOperation eID,count CAA tco5  
                count=count-1 c g3Cl[s  
            End If 5n-9#J$  
            count=count+1 @|jKO5Y  
        Wend BvNl?A@]A  
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        'Set new z-shift ktkn2Twa/  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" [w+yQ7P  
        op.val1 = tlens QfKR pnj(o  
        op.parent = parID 00$ @0  
        AddOperation eID, op ..v@Q%  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 8T!fGzHx  
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        '*************************************************************************  3J'Bm"  
        'Lens index of refraction YMd&To0s  
        '************************************************************************* }L{_xyi>#  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Fv5x6a  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat #VP-T; Ahe  
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        mat.Nd = nlens tIc0S!H#  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat 7TMDZ*  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens UeutFNp  
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        '************************************************************************* Y`E {E|J  
        'Pupil diameter >llwNT  
        '************************************************************************* ZEXj|wC  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) P@o,4\;K  
    '=Ip5A{S/  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ?Oe_} jv;  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 9Y!0>&o  
    ;%3thm7+  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens QI :/,w  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) TV$\v@\ =  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ] k3GFPw  
        count = 0 2<\yky  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \]~kyy  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 3.GdKP.%  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @[[C s*-  
                DeleteOperation eID,count LRqw\fKk[  
                count=count-1 CIxVR  
            End If X=*Yzz}  
            count=count+1 )\:lYI}Wpm  
        Wend y5Z<uwXc  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ"  8E.5k@  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 k=d%.kg  
        op.parent = parID eKU@>5  
        AddOperation eID, op Np5/lPb1  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam f"Vm'0r  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ~8n~4  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) y<Z#my$`|n  
        GetEntity eID, entity o to wvm  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" =4w^)'/  
        SetEntity eID, entity D,m&^P=%e  
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        Update ?@,f[U-  
        Print "DONE!" 66Cj=n5  
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    End Sub Ej{eq^n  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: S:B- nI  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters A=YEY n  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm VgC9'"|  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 [> aoDJ  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 \Im \*A   
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ^w.(*;/  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 [(.T%kJ  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ovBd%wJ 0  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 MWd_ 6XM  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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