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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 ~FJd{$2x`  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Gg_i:4F  
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模型 \JX8`]|&  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 arnu|paw  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 3AWg43L7  
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光源 y'{0|Xj  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 mZmwCS8  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 \S _ycn  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 V5m4dQ>t  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 rZ<@MV|d  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 @hp@*$#& 9  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Y*0mC"n}  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 0I1bY]*  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 Y'wQ(6ok  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ngE5$}UM  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 pxjb^GZ0  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 _O{3bIay3!  
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分析 sSU p7V  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 G[GSt`LVS`  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 f!AcBfaLr  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. [jU.58*  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY )ERmSWq/u  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION R1)v;^B|)  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL <'f+ nC=2  
    Dim A As Double VG'M=O{)3  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 7b7@"Zw*  
    Dim eID As Long as6a)t.^  
    Dim parID As Long 8R0Q-,'  
    Dim count As Integer s|FfBG  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (= #EJB1(  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double x%@n$4wk7  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double /x\{cHAt8J  
    Dim ok As Long KPTp91  
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    Sub Main xA/Ein0  
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        '用户输入对话框 WTK )SKa,.  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 @'P\c   
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 a*/%EP3  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ^26vP7  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 e*K1";  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 xO3-I@  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 U~H]w ,^  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 J%r$jpd'  
        End Dialog xYSNop3_  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog w`ebZa/j  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) q.I  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed m}`!FaB #  
            Print "Execution cancelled." D6z*J?3^#&  
            End *{TB<^ *  
        End If dK.k,7R  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty z"D'rHxy  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ebv"`0K$  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation A-S!Z2m\  
        Else so=Ux2  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) N./l\NtZ  
        End If a]NH >d  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ,;%F\<b  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter J2Y S+%K  
        Else ^&8FwV]  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) %0&c0vT  
        End If ^(79SOZC  
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        Print " " 0Tp,b (; n  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" # cGn5c}  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" L@VIC|~E  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation i`st'\I  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness =pa F6!AB  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens `bAOhaB,/  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens qL;u59  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 'cgB$:T}.,  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens jVdRy{MH  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness OK8|w]-A  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 5yl[#>qt  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Lnk(l2~U  
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        '************************************************************************* <<vT"2Q]  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) P,RdY M06  
        '************************************************************************* z\g6E/%%  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f5tkv<) %  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity .S{>?2  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) EEI !pi  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z q{RH/. l  
        count = 0 HzdyfZ!jR  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count wgPkSsuBuC  
            GetOperation eID, count, op MGbl-,]  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then KB@F^&L {  
                DeleteOperation eID,count u&-Zh@;Q7  
                count=count-1 P-Up v6J3  
            End If u6#FG9W7  
            count=count+1 L kK# =v  
        Wend f#>ubmuI^  
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        'Set new shift in &Cykw$s  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" vQ_D%f4;  
        op.val1 = taq K (!+l  
        op.parent = parID ^1 U<,<  
        AddOperation eID, op j-}WA"  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 VdC,M;/=Z  
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        '************************************************************************* &:@)ro CR  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens |A/)b78'u  
        '************************************************************************* K3I|d;Y~X!  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) r@)_>(  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic z]d2 rzV(_  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant V;-$k@$b.  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant }@Dgr)*+  
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        '************************************************************************* [+8in\T i  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens EmFL %++V  
        '************************************************************************* NpLO_-  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) xp68-&  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !kG2$/lR  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ?nc:B]=pTY  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost }:zTz% _K  
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        '************************************************************************* ^f?>;,<&  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) E|~)"=  
        '************************************************************************* 8x/]H(J  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) x(r~<a[  
    @ )< 3Z  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) </B<=tc  
        count = 0 q y\Z2k  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @SX-=Nr  
            GetOperation eID, count, op XhEJF !  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [!'fE #"a  
                DeleteOperation eID,count z-g"`w:Lj  
                count=count-1 )&pcRFl  
            End If zxhE9 [`*e  
            count=count+1 gAxf5 A_x)  
        Wend 8Ts_;uId  
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        'Set new z-shift XtP5IN\S  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" q7kE+z   
        op.val1 = tlens D.:6X'hp  
        op.parent = parID ?VRf5 Cr-  
        AddOperation eID, op p?idl`?^3  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens d")TH3pG  
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        '************************************************************************* WMk;-,S!)  
        'Lens index of refraction @q/E)M?  
        '************************************************************************* V X"! a  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) f:u3fL  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat Y k @/+PE  
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        mat.Nd = nlens T@P[jtH<d  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat s1kG:h2|$  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens FofeQ  
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        '************************************************************************* Uz$.sa  
        'Pupil diameter /OtLIM+7~{  
        '************************************************************************* W^"C|4G}  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) K}a3Bj,  
    AdGDs+at,  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) J)n^b  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" < ?{ic2j#  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens $Si|;j$?  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) rjWn>M  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) W"[Q=$2<<  
        count = 0 ,(y6XUV~  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;w(tXcXZ  
            GetOperation eID, count, op O;83A  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ApSzkPv*  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 9kby-A4  
                count=count-1 ({!S!k  
            End If [$e\?c  
            count=count+1 Pk/3oF  
        Wend Zp qb0ro  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" MfG8=H2#|  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 /#-zI#iK  
        op.parent = parID 0 P2lq  
        AddOperation eID, op LCMZw6p  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam c\DMeYrg  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 5lrjM^E|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3](At%ss  
        GetEntity eID, entity Cc}3@Nf{/  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" h\lyt(.s  
        SetEntity eID, entity Q$58 K9  
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        Update ';zS0Yk  
        Print "DONE!" PfjD!=yS=h  
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    End Sub *|({(aZ  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: a%*W( 4=Y  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters WbJ  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm &hu3A)%  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 4)Ab]CdD  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 HyY ol*  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ["0DXm%t  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 F#KUu3;B  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 GV8`.3DBOF  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 &|I{ju_  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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