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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 |[n-H;0  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ',k0 _n?t  
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模型 bj4cW\b(  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 h(!x&kZq.  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. w(pLU$6X  
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光源 M7BCBA  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 rmmN2+H  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 mMm_=cfv  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 p ASNiH698  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 &gxRw l  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 Ijq1ns_tx8  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 k"F5'Od  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 AFO g*{1  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 Lbk?( TL  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 4d3]L` f  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ($EA/|z  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 HbQ `b  
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分析 i:W.,w%8  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 xayo{l=uGv  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 asqbLtQ  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. [ sJ f)<  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY  4b]/2H  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION i356m9j  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL JVbR5"+.  
    Dim A As Double /NfuR$oMd  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double h`n,:Y^++P  
    Dim eID As Long mxk :P  
    Dim parID As Long 9qS~-'&q#  
    Dim count As Integer N>##} i  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Zg1=g_xY  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double FrBoE#  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double eMyh&@7(F  
    Dim ok As Long &}:'YK*X  
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    Sub Main $sK8l=#  
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        '用户输入对话框 vAWJP_;J  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 g bDre~|  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ]OIB;h;3  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1  tKOTQ8i4  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 3)\jUVuj  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 G"P@AOw  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 .4E5{F{~  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Ji4xor  
        End Dialog 5{nERKaPf  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ~+w'b7T,=  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) )H@"S]?7i"  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed "ee:Z_Sz  
            Print "Execution cancelled." zOJ4I^^  
            End &Omo\Oq&W>  
        End If 3cfJ(%'X  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 3!E*h0$}  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then  `{w.OK  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation -PXRd)~  
        Else "Bl ]_YPv  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) n;&08M5an}  
        End If .*\TG/x  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then N{oi }i6  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 32h}+fd  
        Else *IBT!@*Q&  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 2I'gT$h  
        End If *_feD+rq  
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        Print " " WUOoK$I~K  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" S,ZlS<Z#  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" #r5IwyL  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation qe. Qjq  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ^h wF=  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens aumWU{j=  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens dH]0 (aJ  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens D{'>G@nLQ  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens WX.6|  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness NTq#'O) f  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction =QdHji/sB  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation e !V3/*F  
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        '************************************************************************* 2rxZN\gyL  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) =AaTn::e/  
        '************************************************************************* sKE7U>mz|  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !9 7U2L4  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity |#OMrP+oi  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) W^U6O&-K  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z {T;A50  
        count = 0 96a2G,c >V  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 6f=,$:S$  
            GetOperation eID, count, op :vsBobiJ  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^wnlZ09J  
                DeleteOperation eID,count AQ}(v,DOb  
                count=count-1 gc5u@(P"  
            End If vI84= n  
            count=count+1 MxXf.iX&  
        Wend |4E5x9J  
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        'Set new shift in 4?eO1=a  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" YJ6y]r K2,  
        op.val1 = taq m!'moumL;  
        op.parent = parID aL)}S%5o?  
        AddOperation eID, op oc|%|pmRd<  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 %R|_o<(#MJ  
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        '************************************************************************* )># Y,/q  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens v8{ jEAK  
        '*************************************************************************  !' }  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ~ShoU m[  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic c@|!0 U%j  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant {pWb*~!k  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant n0\k(@+k  
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        '************************************************************************* / 5\gP//9K  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens # dA-dN  
        '************************************************************************* rT#2'-f  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) _VjfjA<c8  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >$/<~j]  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost  AhyV  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost "e-RV  
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        '************************************************************************* `F(ghC  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) nO\c4#ce  
        '************************************************************************* vC [uEx:  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ?'8(']/  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) m)1+D"z  
        count = 0 RV_(T+  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count id?B<OM  
            GetOperation eID, count, op xwJ. cy  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then n OQvBc  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 6OPYq*|  
                count=count-1 RxB9c(s^@  
            End If O;6am++M@  
            count=count+1 lP;X=X>  
        Wend !7>~=n_,L.  
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        'Set new z-shift /@O$jlX5I  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" `Ei:Z%@7C  
        op.val1 = tlens ?l/+*/AR;  
        op.parent = parID R^f-j-$o]  
        AddOperation eID, op *RllKPY)  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens (X?et &  
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        '************************************************************************* EG#mNpxE  
        'Lens index of refraction INF}~DN]  
        '************************************************************************* T$pBgS>  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) &<Iz?AVr  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat }1BpIqee  
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        mat.Nd = nlens o/\f+iz7  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat cKe{ ]a  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens grZ?F~P8  
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        '************************************************************************* V+>.Gf  
        'Pupil diameter N#&/d nV  
        '************************************************************************* ;hZ^zL  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) N6<G`k,  
    )+dd  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) caD|*.b  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 8h$f6JE  
    /s[D[:P_  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens )Q5ja}-{V  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) kNC]q,ljt5  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) PCX X[N  
        count = 0 %$ ^ eY'-'  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count P~9y}7Q\0  
            GetOperation eID, count, op U6Xi-@XP  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then S&z8-D=8k  
                DeleteOperation eID,count BW{&A&j  
                count=count-1 h/xV;oj  
            End If ?Vo/mtbY5X  
            count=count+1 k3VRa|Y")  
        Wend K0-AP $  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" <F&53N&Zc  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 >,A&(\rO  
        op.parent = parID b3^d!#KVM  
        AddOperation eID, op "jA?s9  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam BW5!@D2  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ~7O.}RP0  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $e/[!3CASP  
        GetEntity eID, entity K['Gp>l  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ;Sw % t(@  
        SetEntity eID, entity cM;,nX%/  
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        Update a F5=k: k  
        Print "DONE!" p#+Da\qmx  
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    End Sub R|JBzdK+P  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: "[Hn G(gA  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters h:~ 8WV|  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm \\v1 \  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 i_ z4;%#?  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 AB[#  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 *sYvV,  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 p$!Q?&AV/  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 8%#pv}  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 g$9EI\a  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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