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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 61HJ%  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 qk0cf~ gz  
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模型 c5i7mx:.  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 4`RZ&w;1H2  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. nI+.De~  
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光源 g^i\7'  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 -G=.3 bux  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 n1'i!NWt  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 CWd &  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 KXWz(L!1  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 6_tl_O7  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 c<q~T >0k  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ?1eu9;q\*  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 rQTG-& ,  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: !rG-[7K  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ;^)4u  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 .n?i' 8  
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分析 |]Y6*uEX<  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 xZQyH  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 5T'v iG}%  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 7Q&S [])  
    #!r>3W&  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY VZ9`Kbu  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION pp >F)A0v  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL kn&BGYt  
    Dim A As Double 6/Z_r0^O  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double dw| VH1fS  
    Dim eID As Long C2DAsSw  
    Dim parID As Long HisH\z/i5)  
    Dim count As Integer }5B\:*yW  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double G^/8^Zi  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double tC7 4=  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double zIU6bMMT3u  
    Dim ok As Long Go[anf  
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    Sub Main ~P*{%=a  
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        '用户输入对话框 jgfr_"@A  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ;g<y{o"Q3p  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ^r{N^  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 aZo>3z;  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 81)i>]  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 un)PW&~E  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 >;fn,9w  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Hig.` P  
        End Dialog J d,9<m $  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog RXO5p d  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) # `@jVX0  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed lKS 2OOYC`  
            Print "Execution cancelled." bPuO~#iN~  
            End M{YN^ Kk  
        End If ;i ?R+T  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty nu[["f~  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then (Hs,Tj  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation a!;#u 8f  
        Else i\o * =+{r  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Ghar hJ>v  
        End If ]?Q<lMG  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then j%8 1q  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter LQ||7>{eX  
        Else 9)4_@rf%  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) O5*3 qJp  
        End If q/qig5Ou  
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        Print " " <%=<9~e  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" qga?-oz,<6  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" KNOVb=# f_  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation NGW:hgf  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness J58S8:c  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 8cuI-Swz  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens lA4TWU (]  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens rshUF  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens }R_Rw:W  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness }?sC1]-j&  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ;f)AM}~^Q  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation xRq A^Ad  
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        '************************************************************************* '@HCwEuz  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) pv"s!q&  
        '************************************************************************* Sar1NkD#  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) >G As&\4hs  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 1had8K-  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) z :u)@>6D1  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z SnM^T(gtS3  
        count = 0 Bi>]s%zp  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count amWKykVS5  
            GetOperation eID, count, op FwD q@Oj  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then M; YJpi  
                DeleteOperation eID,count )RQQhB  
                count=count-1 z|\n^ZK=  
            End If FW{K[km^P  
            count=count+1 zU_ dk'&,  
        Wend nwIj?(8x  
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        'Set new shift in p 8Z;QH*  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" PX`xr1o  
        op.val1 = taq ;WhRDmT  
        op.parent = parID =y`-:j\  
        AddOperation eID, op _/Ay$l;F  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 </aQ  
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        '************************************************************************* 7OS i2  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Jm"W+! E  
        '************************************************************************* 4t>"-/  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) *p9k> )'J  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic {CNJlr@z  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant [a?bv7Kz  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant @Bn4ZF B@  
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        '************************************************************************* p"j &s  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 6~x a^3G:  
        '************************************************************************* ef/43+F^x  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" )  QS1lg  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic '(g;nU<  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost hTmJ ~m'J  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost yB 'C9wEH  
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        '************************************************************************* !!w(`kmn1  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) k4E9=y?  
        '************************************************************************* Kf_xKW)^  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2A9crL $  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) T8x8TN"  
        count = 0 \&ki79Ly-  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,+I]\ZeO  
            GetOperation eID, count, op gQJLqs"F  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then CF@*ki3X  
                DeleteOperation eID,count o wb+,Gk(  
                count=count-1 eZ-fy,E  
            End If kk4+>mk  
            count=count+1 ]E'?#z.t  
        Wend TQ0ZBhd  
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        'Set new z-shift PN:`SWP  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" D5f[:  
        op.val1 = tlens (U 4n} J  
        op.parent = parID gGx(mX._L?  
        AddOperation eID, op sg49a9`8  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens #kA?*i[T  
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        '************************************************************************* EuImj#Zl  
        'Lens index of refraction =1'WZp}D5  
        '************************************************************************* o>bi~(H  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) [IAk9B.\  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat V>GJO(9  
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        mat.Nd = nlens hZ!kh3@:`  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat *c&OAL]  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens z( }w|  
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        '************************************************************************* *[*q#b$j  
        'Pupil diameter %Lb cwh(9  
        '************************************************************************* Gf:dN_e6.  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) iA[o;D#  
    <W)F{N?  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) |]k,0Y3v  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" I,HtW),  
    V\opC6*L_e  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens "Z;({a$v  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ` aF8|tc_  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `'k2gq&  
        count = 0 r>TOJVT&]  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count AXSip  
            GetOperation eID, count, op w-xigm>{Z  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then f?ibyoXL  
                DeleteOperation eID,count MX7Ix{  
                count=count-1 s S#/JLDx]  
            End If j3T)gFP  
            count=count+1 kWy@wPqms  
        Wend R[S1<m;  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" H$ g*  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 CR%h$+dzy  
        op.parent = parID &zJ*afi)  
        AddOperation eID, op %7w8M{I R3  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam aNNRw(0/  
    M0\gp@Fe  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description xpo^\E?2  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8"g+ k`PRy  
        GetEntity eID, entity GKSF(Tnj  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" &}7R\co3  
        SetEntity eID, entity 0GeL">v,:=  
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        Update ?A_+G 5  
        Print "DONE!" ls!A'@J  
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    End Sub ;' vkF  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: B@0#*I Rm  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters Ol+D"k~<C  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm [u2t1^#Ol  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 Ba|}$jo  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 bHE.EBZ  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 SJMbYjn0J  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ]&q<O0^'  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 j>:N0:  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 K<`Z@f3'w  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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