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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 4 g}'/ *eb2()B% 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 bUBQ 8dYPn+` 模型 5}"@$.{i Z[pMlg6Z 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 OPP^n-iPr Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140]
[9>h! khs Gn7P` t*. 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. :^[HDI-[2 !&b
wFO>P 光源 hEv}g e
)?~ 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 d9kN@W 3HI-G.]hC [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 ;R
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Hg/) 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 x{.+i' DpZO$5.Ec+ 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 *sbZ{{]e [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 p !
_\a #y:,owo3I [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 -=)Al^V4T EBl? oN7E 视网膜的散射 %zCV>D 4Cn%
h)w 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 cEc_S42Z ^w(~gQ6|mP [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 ?cRGdLP'D n^P~]1i 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 B=p6pf 2V6kCy@V [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 5gZ6H/. bxrT[] 脚本 U:1cbD7|3 *~>}* 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: vz1yH%~E [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 k~,({T< [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 {Jx-Zo>' fKYR DGn 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 `z)q/;}fC 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ;p_@%*JAx b2<((H 分析 yur5"$n o6 lCP& 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 .nG14i7C [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 Vw>AD<Rl >L_nu.x 脚本代码 lH#C:n |DBj<|SX
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Pn| ;VCh
b:6NVHb% Dim entity As T_ENTITY V }?MP-.c Dim op As T_OPERATION ??u*qO:p Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Xvr7qowL Dim A As Double }8e_ Dim pupilDiam As Double E'ay
@YAp Dim eID As Long )d$FFTH Dim parID As Long %p t^? Dim count As Integer P1u(0t Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 618k- Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 0`y*7.Ip Dim curv As Double, conic As Double yRyUOTK Dim ok As Long 9m+ejTK{U `$oy4lDKQ Sub Main
BV-(`#~:y n)t'?7 '用户输入对话框 .X](B~\! Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 bCL/"OB TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Svl;Ul Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 nd#owjB OKButton 40,91,90,21 ]p-xds#d CancelButton 190,91,90,21 >.o<}!FW Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 epm ~ TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 8W"Xdv{ End Dialog 5!Ho[ Dim dlg As UserDialog #i'wDvhol ya'Ma<4 ok = Dialog (dlg) IDK~
(t %F2T`?t: If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed 8c3/n Print "Execution cancelled." -SlAt$IJ End X@pcL{T! End If ?[#4WH-G f!K{f[aDa 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty qF3s&WI If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then "%rzL.</ A = 0 'Default accommodation V
M{Sng Else nJ2910"< A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) me
YSW End If Y1-=H)G "UUoT If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ,:6.Gi)| pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter @*&`1 Else #9rCF 3P pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) b`fWT:?= End If U7xKu75G1 2UeK%-~W? Print " " xFA+ZjBC Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" kk$D:UQX Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" qoAJcr2uN E^C [G)7n ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation UWW'[gEP1 taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness b>@fHmpwD #}+_Hy Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens B,4
3b O CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens ]vjMfT%]W X3j|J/ Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens #SR )tU CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens FvyC$vip S;}/ql y tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness 6g)X&pZ nn8uFISb nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction H8A=]Gq wpf 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation }_fVv{D
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'************************************************************************* |]'gd)%S\ 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) A"wso[{ '************************************************************************* A",Xn/d eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) BYZllwxwTE GetCustomElement eID, entity f!bGH-.r5 g>n1mK| parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (AT)w/ BWLeitS/ ' Delete any shift(s) in z ]D@y""{--s count = 0 @#::C@V] While GetOperationCount(eID)>count
A&C?|M?M GetOperation eID, count, op vFK!LeF% If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;5:3 =F>ao DeleteOperation eID,count BFPy~5W count=count-1 &t@|/~%[ End If 6BObV/S Jg count=count+1 ~-BIUZ; Wend X({R+ TL@{yJ;s 'Set new shift in TB#oauJm, op.Type = "ShiftZ" NBO&VYs| op.val1 = taq *W<|5<<u@ op.parent = parID V&>mD"~MP AddOperation eID, op ,S7M4ajVZB Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 +.|8W !h`1 e[%g'}D:- '************************************************************************* j12khp? 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens TN.&FDqC9 '************************************************************************* D1~3 3; eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) KTjf2/ GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic p}
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({n SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ''wF%q Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant !;.nL-NQ Y-G;;~ '************************************************************************* /@9-D
4 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ?OdJt '************************************************************************* d1/uI^8> eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ~MW_=6U GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic r&D&xsbQ K*oWcsu SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost LE@`TPg$R Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost
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y-2 '************************************************************************* e]u3[ao 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) v1~`76^ '************************************************************************* (C!33s1 dS"%( ?o parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) M\jTeB"Z pax;#*QcQ ' Delete any z-shift(s) M;F&Ix count = 0 5mF"nY&lI While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 16n8[U! GetOperation eID, count, op VD- 2{em If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then I:,D:00+ DeleteOperation eID,count @Xq3>KJ_)H count=count-1 R{A$hnhW6 End If O;~dao count=count+1 $_NP4V8|z/ Wend 8Qi@z Jq, mqb6 MnK - 'Set new z-shift V-%Am op.Type = "ShiftZ" pm}!?TL op.val1 = tlens Oj^qh+r op.parent = parID VJ$UpqVm AddOperation eID, op :,BKB*a\ Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens KsBi<wY _ya_Jf* '************************************************************************* -P|st;?# 'Lens index of refraction Ye) F{WqZ# '************************************************************************* -% Z?rn2 eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) '{xPdN GetModelMaterial eID, mat nnPY8pdjSD Ff@Cs0R mat.Nd = nlens a'2^kds SetModelMaterial eID, mat sZ9VXnz24 Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens J)leRR& N M_Xy<.~E '************************************************************************* smN|r 'Pupil diameter dy^ zOqc '************************************************************************* O5eTkKUc eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) f/6,b&l, (5(TbyWwD 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) dCkk5&2n KWH l+pL SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" L\Y4$e9bF8 I@<\DltPi ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Uc?#E $X parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~E tW B eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }L.&@P< count = 0 J"Z=`I)KON While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :AM5EO GetOperation eID, count, op o)pso\; If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3.?kxac DeleteOperation eID,count .V Cfh+*J# count=count-1 O^,%V{]6\ End If 08TeGUjJ count=count+1 mjtmN0^SR Wend A\v(!yg op.Type = "ShiftZ" ')mR87 op.val1 = taq-0.01 l@OY8z-_ op.parent = parID H<`<5M 8 AddOperation eID, op c/Ykk7T9-- zZax![Z Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam O.% $oV }[gk9uM_7 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ?'$Yj>R6 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 86AZ)UP2D GetEntity eID, entity shAoib?Kw: entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" U$,W/G}m SetEntity eID, entity Dxlpo!
?# 5m]N%{<jAB Update y]e[fZ`L Print "DONE!" c?0.>^,B Q 9_ End Sub RMvq\J}w! 7(S66 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: |r%NMw #y v{[:7]b_= Accommodation = 4 Diopters %H AforH Pupil Diameter = 4 mm zG. \xmp Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 bk}'wcX<+] Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 UTLuzm Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Ey#7L
M) Set lens thickness = 3.927 [ u.r]\[J Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ?~p]Ey}~9 Set pupil diameter = 4 NlG~{rfI DONE!
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