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2007-02-01 00:44 |
"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith Dsm1@/"i|7
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition y2I7Zd .
K #+?oFo:
1 Introduction r>fGj\#R =
1.1 Lens Design Books \ <pr28
1.2 Reference Material ]^C 8Oh<
1.3 Specifications eMRH*MyD
1.4 Lens Design i3,.E]/wX@
1.5 Lens Design Program Features d [_ 26.
1.6 About This Book z zZ EX
gQr+ ~O
2 Automatic Lens Design bq E'9GI
2.2 The Merit Function ^;_~ mq.
2.3 Local Minima ."+lij=56
2.4 The Landscape Lens 6| NH*#s
2.5 Types of Merit Function g[G /If
2.6 Stagnation rk8pL[|
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing r""rJzFz'
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization F_*']: p
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems [@Ac#
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits nW)+-Wxq
2.11 Spectral Weighting CI{2(.n4
2.12 How to Get Started w1G(s$;C
$/M-@3wro
3 Improving a Design <(KCiM=E$
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques g.&B8e
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) zz*PAYl.
3.3 Splitting Elements A U\=n,K7
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 0 SSdp<
3.5 Compounding an Element <;Hb7p3N
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses NVb}uH*i
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem R@K\
3.8 Balancing Aberrations 6nk }k]Ji
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle e Jo" Z
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces K+`GVmD
? uYO]!V C
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design i%9vZ
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation tL OGj?/r
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance |3FI\F;^q
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations `Xos]L'w
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ya &=U oI
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 3wv@wqx
h q 7f "`
5 Lens Design Data {}$rN@OM$
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs 1)=
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5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots "IU}>y>J
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 9Rk(q4.OP
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF `NQ
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots H7'42J@
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot +S{m!j%B
E,m|E]WP
6 Telescope Objective BHY-fb@R]H
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet :=hL}(~ ]
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective QG* hQh
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective o:#jvi84F
6.4 Spherochromatism j9k:!|(2'
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration :XY%@n
6.6 Induced Aberrations PaSwfjOnqr
6.7 Three-Element Objectives pl>b 6 |
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) c
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6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet ,?yjsJd.
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design ;((t|
6.11 A Final Note x~5,v5R^]
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers %O9 Wm_%
7.1 Eyepieces Qp<*o r@
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs -Hm"Dx
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces )"\=
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7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular "#E
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7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces ;:=j{,&dl[
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces OFr"RGW"
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier 9C \}bT
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces Yuv=<V
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 1#N`elm
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats N[Xm5J
8.2 Glass Choice GgE g (AT
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations <*J"6x
8.4 Other Design Considerations P.>fkO1\
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens 8(n>99 VVK
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet 93n%:?l"<W
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet )vq}$W!:9
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses )$p36dWl
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces eM!Oc$C8[
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness R>"pJbS;L
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9 Split Triplets 6/cm TT $i
J P TLh{/
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets D% *ww'mt0
10.1 The Classic Tessar i mADjBR]
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac $E[O}+L$#
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens qf K
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10.4 Other Compounded Triplets NCg("n ,jx
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar iJh{ ,0))g
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats F
lVG, Z
11.1 Meniscus Components ;LgMi5dN
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon 5 xr2
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens )r"R
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses V # vkj
11.5 The Split Dagor J,v 024TM
11.6 The Dogmar v 3[ZPc;;
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens j(I(0Yyh
V?t*c [
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens R[j'< gd.
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version [|$C 2Dhw=
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens kK6t|Yn&
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet V9ZM4.,OCN
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet l rPIXIM
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element x%)oL:ue
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar w y|b Hkr_
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay L7lpOy4k
lw8 t# _P
13 Telephoto Lenses "$ 5cKbJ
13.1 The Basic Telephoto k_1;YO BF
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses ;]R5:LbXS
13.3 Telephoto Designs Rex 86!TO
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch UH &1QV
2 .Xx)(>
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses V9KRA 1
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle a-#$T)mmfj
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens .,VLQ btg
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses ,W 'P8C
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses j7Zv"Vq@
BQ ,749^S
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses ~"bBwPI
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens 9h+T O_T@F
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens wg
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16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener C5KUIOg
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses t\:=|t,
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems
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17 Microscope Objectives ME>Sh~C\
17.1 General Considerations E i2M ~/
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 6* 1f -IbV
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives ( ?e
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17.4 Reflecting Objectives Rc93Fb-Zp
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs #xR=U"
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 5%K|dYv^^
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors B}zBbB
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems $BLd>gTzmv
18.3 Catadioptric Systems )yz)Fw|&
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems O|Y`:xvc
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids O<AGAD
18.6 Unobscured Systems `S3)uV]I
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” i6FJG\d
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems i$.! 8AV6
19.1 Infrared Optics Q`O~ f<a
19.2 IR Objective Lenses P=P' ]\`p+
19.3 IR Telescope .|P
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19.4 Laser Beam Expanders Rw63{b/
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems Wj)v,v2&
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses Te3 ?z
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20 Zoom Lenses C!1)3w|
20.1 Zoom Lenses vwAhNw2-
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras P~&J@8)c
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens tr A ^JY
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens oFzmH!&ED
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure -`X`Ff
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 39 pA:3iTd
21.1 Projection TV Lenses EIpz-"S
21.2 Macro Lenses
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses RA){\~@wC
22.1 Monochromatic Systems }t| i1{%_
22.2 Scanner Lenses 0=9$k
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses McbbEs=)
pFBK'NE
23 Tolerance Budgeting E
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23.1 The Tolerance Budget 4kK_S.&
23.2 Additive Tolerances yr.sfPnJK
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget R%9,.g <
Y!y pG-
24 Formulary }:s.m8LC5n
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions s|[qq7
24.2 The Cardinal Points ^FT S'/Q
24.3 Image Equations 05j jLM'e
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) `4Fw,:+e
24.5 Invariants x lsAct:
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) z 63y8
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships 7?vj+1;
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions [CAFh:o
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs : S-{a
24.10 Stop Shift Equations HqyAo]{GN
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces V1Gnr~GM
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) (7$BF~s:,
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.rX,*|1x
Glossary Bq-}BN?pz
Reference ]{t!J^Xn
Index
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