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2007-02-01 00:44 |
"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith iT</
H 1$n6J
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition ^[b DE0
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1 Introduction % ejq|i7
1.1 Lens Design Books &,$N|$yK}|
1.2 Reference Material _[N*k"
1.3 Specifications ^_uCSA'X
1.4 Lens Design p-,Bq!aG$
1.5 Lens Design Program Features ,
jCE
hb
1.6 About This Book V/yj.aA*@
MZ>Q Rf
2 Automatic Lens Design BxB B](
2.2 The Merit Function JG{`tTu
2.3 Local Minima a&B@F]+
2.4 The Landscape Lens t_ \&LMD
2.5 Types of Merit Function c;88Wb<|W
2.6 Stagnation XjTu`?Na;
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing V2$M`|E
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization (SByN7[g b
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems G'{&*]Z\:
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits rW `l1yi*$
2.11 Spectral Weighting cuL/y$+EY
2.12 How to Get Started 1e I_F8I U
k{ cPiY^
3 Improving a Design
Fp>nu _-"
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques @I?: x4
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) U"a7myB+jX
3.3 Splitting Elements xggF:El3{
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet C4gzg
3.5 Compounding an Element
CaV)F3
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses xxOhGA )
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem =D)ADZ\<r
3.8 Balancing Aberrations @IOl0db
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle I^G6aw
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 8[:G/8VI
~ iq=J5IN#
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design #{J+BWP\o
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation K+P a b ?
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance )-25? B
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations q&^H"
fF
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function =Ea,8bpn
4.5 Fabrication Considerations wcGv#J],
2%) ~E50U
5 Lens Design Data w4l]rH
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ? 5wsgP^
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots bl\;*. s'
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign :0Fc E,1
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF QRwO v
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots o8S P#ET"n
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot a >k9&
w
bb$1zSA
6 Telescope Objective _WI ~b
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 38%"#T3#
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective n2Q ?sV;m
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective Bk5 ft4v-
6.4 Spherochromatism F1p|^hYDW
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration \!*F:v0g^
6.6 Induced Aberrations ,_K :DSiB
6.7 Three-Element Objectives zbfe=J4 c
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) ~w(A3I.
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet & d* bQv$
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design S(0JBGC
6.11 A Final Note *p|->p6,u
z2q!_ ~
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers u@Bgyt7Y
7.1 Eyepieces [~?6 j np
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs ?"@SxM~\
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces L5CnPnF
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular ^Zlbs
goZ
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces "@rHGxK
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces
JY_!G
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier MPLeqk$;
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 2~h Q
1 /SB[[ g
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats a&[>kO
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats <80M$a
g
8.2 Glass Choice ^c| 0?EH
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations 2L=(-CH9]
8.4 Other Design Considerations ! "' @c
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens 4x.I "eW~&
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet {_ZbPPh;M"
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet o_ r{cnu
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 7>-99o^W
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces @Y#TWt#
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness J$-1odL0Z
i'}"5O+
9 Split Triplets 2SKtdiY
o@YEd d
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets },#AlShZu
10.1 The Classic Tessar >uE<-klv
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac Ah
zV?6e
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens $=T q<W*c
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets {<i(aq?
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar |^#Z!Hp_Y
8_3WCbe/
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats NSQ) lSW,;
11.1 Meniscus Components s+ v$s F
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon s*vtCdrE.
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens Q|f)Awe$
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses {3 >`k.w
11.5 The Split Dagor ~)5k%?.
11.6 The Dogmar N]G`]
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens ppO!v?
,|w,
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens e(9K.3 @{
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version G ahY+$L,
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens s2K8 |q=
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet ,;yaYF 6|/
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet %gTY7LIe1z
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element &cf_?4
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar +Xmza8T9
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay v&` n}lS
I2?g'tz
13 Telephoto Lenses GA.cp*2 ~
13.1 The Basic Telephoto DMT2~mh
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses %3q7i`AZ
13.3 Telephoto Designs Bc}e ??F
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch P}-S[[b73s
= Ru q
lsVg'k/Z!
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses V}Pv} j:;
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle ^ 1XnnQa
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens ^0 /!:*?
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses :Z]\2(x
Vje LPbk)
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses ?)4c!3#
X&,a=#C^
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses dV"Kx
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens {;hR FQ^b
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens K Z0%J5
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener 5ma~Pjt8}
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses j g_;pn
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems dj3E20Ws
2X=*;r"{J
17 Microscope Objectives wE_#b\$=b
17.1 General Considerations 9>d~g!u=
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front q)]S:$?BT
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives +VHo YEW
17.4 Reflecting Objectives aMyf|l.
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 8uB6C0 ,6?
_i0,?U2C
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems E D_J8 +
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors Xyw;Nh!!d
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems 9Oc(Gl5az
18.3 Catadioptric Systems 2}.EFQp+
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems ( z.\,M
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 3 yM!BTl X
18.6 Unobscured Systems $p.0[A(N
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” mQ:5(] v
y?V#LW[^E
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems Tc; j )_C)
19.1 Infrared Optics QBTjiaYGa'
19.2 IR Objective Lenses o&rNM5:
19.3 IR Telescope ~)!vhdBe
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 5~xv"S(E}
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems E XQ 3(:&
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses FdmoR;
Vxim $'x!
20 Zoom Lenses *iujJ i
20.1 Zoom Lenses fngk<$lvg
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras U9yR~pw
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens (k>I!Z/&2
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens @4j!M1} 4
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure hgF4PdO1e
!T26#>mV
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses q=uJ^ N
21.1 Projection TV Lenses c`!8 !R
21.2 Macro Lenses \oA xmvt
LF_am*F
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses *D uxabo?
22.1 Monochromatic Systems Pqv9 > N|
22.2 Scanner Lenses r!O4]j_3
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 8J+:5b _?
=VDtZSa!$^
23 Tolerance Budgeting aZYs?b>Gm
23.1 The Tolerance Budget sqk$q pV6
23.2 Additive Tolerances v/}h y$7
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget h%(0|
H%`|yUE(
24 Formulary ? Eh)JJt
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions -n C!kpo
24.2 The Cardinal Points <!.Qn
Y
24.3 Image Equations jR o4+ 8
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) e=EM07z
24.5 Invariants *6 1G<I
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) ] iVoF N}^
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships X4:SH> U!
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 73'.TReK
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs >&2n\HR\
24.10 Stop Shift Equations [[9XqD]
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces BX6]d:S
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) "ku ?A ^f
eXZH#K7S#
B3i U#
Glossary %4HpTx
Reference Dh{sVR A
Index
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