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2007-02-01 00:44 |
"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith yx;R#8;b.
rZQH B[^3
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition UXB8sS*wQ?
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1 Introduction KP -z
1.1 Lens Design Books Bo\v-97
1.2 Reference Material 7^ {hn_%;
1.3 Specifications 35kb E'
1.4 Lens Design M &EJ Fpc*
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 7:q-NzE\6
1.6 About This Book *"sDaN0@R
A ?k,}~
2 Automatic Lens Design JU1; /3(
2.2 The Merit Function "(&`m uIc
2.3 Local Minima ayz1i:Q|
2.4 The Landscape Lens #( J}xz;
2.5 Types of Merit Function YgOgYo{E!
2.6 Stagnation [ \n.[4gq"
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing .+ o>
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization f8jz49C
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems I>~BkR+u%o
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits J$*["y`+
2.11 Spectral Weighting 2MzFSmhc"
2.12 How to Get Started ?'m5)Z{
%)ov,p |
3 Improving a Design -+@~*$
d
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 8vo7~6yy
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) ?Cfp=85ea!
3.3 Splitting Elements 'z!#E!i
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet zR_l ^NK
3.5 Compounding an Element F
) ~pw
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses [7w_.(f#
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem r9*H-V $
3.8 Balancing Aberrations T sW6 w
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle .h^Ld,Chj
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 2czL 1Ci
S9+gVR8]C
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design q[A3$y(
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation >8t[EsW/
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance 2]f.mq_PD
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 3-%~{(T/
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function #N}}8RL
4.5 Fabrication Considerations uxiX"0)g >
%t. IxMY
5 Lens Design Data ?+o7Y1 k,
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs RW8u0 ?b
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots c2:kZxT
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign )3 ">%1R
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF d}J#wT
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots dh`A(B{hfc
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot U pBYL?+L
0LuY"(LR
6 Telescope Objective vAxtN RS
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet k
rjd:*E
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective v A~hkkj{
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective <QLj6#d7Y
6.4 Spherochromatism PMZzzZ
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration o7B+f
6.6 Induced Aberrations c{ (%+
6.7 Three-Element Objectives 3_-m>J**
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) 8#-}3 ~l[
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet MRu+:Y=K
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design D)6|| z}
6.11 A Final Note >pHvBFa3G
P ^+>QJ1
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers * OFT)S
7.1 Eyepieces _fw'c*j
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs #2,L)E\G8e
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces jZ yh
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular ]2
N';(R
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces X~!?t }
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces Yb/^Qk59
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier [C\?}.+v
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces v9k zMxs,
w` :KexD+
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ^r$5];n
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats 3E: <
8.2 Glass Choice JDlIf
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations wu' 60po
8.4 Other Design Considerations B)*%d7=x
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens N?:S?p9R@
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet =2'^ :4Z
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet qILr +zH
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses 2N#L'v@g=+
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces > xw+2<
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness 6Wp:W1E{`
B9\o:e Y
9 Split Triplets VNPd L
#xB%v
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets t trp| (
10.1 The Classic Tessar h w2Hn
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac j+seJg<_
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens UzXbaQQ2g
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets TA 5M4r6
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar dno*Usx5d0
HN%ZN}
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats =r8(9:F!
11.1 Meniscus Components 54&2SU$kx
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon dRmT E
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens #^Y-*v f2
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses rKxk?}
11.5 The Split Dagor C: cu1Y9
11.6 The Dogmar V;=T~K|)>
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens h Bw~l?G
-)GfSk
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens @hv]
[( <
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version !j@ 8:j0WY
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens ~XRr }z_Lq
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet . b"e`Bw_=
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet 3 -FNd~ %
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element ufOaD7
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar wVTo7o%U
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay s+11) ~
U_ ?RN)>j
13 Telephoto Lenses oR }
13.1 The Basic Telephoto &Re Ie>L
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses %;S5_K,
13.3 Telephoto Designs =O<BMq{d
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch 9S^-qQH3}
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses F=H=[pSe
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle i%iU_`
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens RVe3@|9(G
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses o2L/8q.
xXtDGP
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses 6pse @x?
y[vjqfdmU
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses )yk
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16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens i
F Ab"VA
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens A`KTm (
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener V/Tp &+Z.c
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses C-7.Sa
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems M;OYh
i || /=ai
17 Microscope Objectives uIu0"pv`x
17.1 General Considerations Onl:eG;@
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front Q.
>"@c[
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives K h> ^;`h
17.4 Reflecting Objectives
2r[,w]
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs T-MLW=Vu
r |(Lb'k
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems Jad '8}0J
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors AjpQb ~\
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems & 3gni4@@
18.3 Catadioptric Systems R] dB Uu
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems vDemY"wz
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids ~b +> o
18.6 Unobscured Systems 4 ClW*l
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” Y#G '[N>
CA3.fu3(p
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems rpd3Rp
19.1 Infrared Optics OG.`\G|
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 61]6N;kJ;
19.3 IR Telescope NXV %j},>
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders y ^YrGz.
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems e2;"> tp6?
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses g+f{I'j
jE{z4en
20 Zoom Lenses UuN(+&oD-
20.1 Zoom Lenses :%B o)0a9
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras T+\BX$w/4e
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens Qt k'^Fc
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens ) , n?"
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure V!oyC$eV
Y d@9P 2C
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses <1"6`24
21.1 Projection TV Lenses P~~RK& +i
21.2 Macro Lenses YpiSH(70`
!nu#r$K(
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses E*kS{2NAq
22.1 Monochromatic Systems JL <}9K
22.2 Scanner Lenses )%Y$F LB
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 4X^0 :.bT&
3M ^ /
23 Tolerance Budgeting S"lcePN
23.1 The Tolerance Budget cewQQ&
23.2 Additive Tolerances ': HV9]k
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget bo]k9FC
/OViqZ;9
24 Formulary tJ 6:$dh
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions <Wl!
Qog'
24.2 The Cardinal Points :r|dXW
24.3 Image Equations Y yI|^f8C
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) /6>2,S8Ar
24.5 Invariants RVD=CX
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) Jg7IGU(dct
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships ?9AByg
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions .[~E}O
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs hj-M
#a
24.10 Stop Shift Equations uu(.,11`
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces 9!o:)99U
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) , "DkMK4%
0^hz 1\g
8R)*8bb
Glossary J9{B
Reference [ 3j]r{0I
Index
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