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2007-02-01 00:44 |
"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith ,jEc4ih4
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition JO*/UC>"
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1 Introduction ]=VRct
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1.1 Lens Design Books P3 `$4p?
1.2 Reference Material 7UY4* j|[C
1.3 Specifications ~;?<OOt|wG
1.4 Lens Design ^GAJ9AF@(
1.5 Lens Design Program Features DI8<0.L
1.6 About This Book q\}+]|nGs
i(pHJP:a:
2 Automatic Lens Design ]+46r!r|
2.2 The Merit Function {aN pk,n
2.3 Local Minima S
:8
2.4 The Landscape Lens /q+;!EM
2.5 Types of Merit Function r8@] |`j
2.6 Stagnation $&&E[JY
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing |ZE^'e*k
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization l yX3'0c
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems M,S'4Sz uk
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 'prHXzi(h
2.11 Spectral Weighting $:%E<j 4Dn
2.12 How to Get Started ;xe.0j0h
|dqHpogh
3 Improving a Design OtoM
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques vjS=Zi nN"
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) +^lB"OcOX@
3.3 Splitting Elements 3ZI7;Gw
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 3r, ~-6
3.5 Compounding an Element Vn4wk>b}$2
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses Bp_R"DS7A
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem k`Ifl)
3.8 Balancing Aberrations ')!X1A{
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle B Z|A&;
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces g&c ~grD
w^ut,`yW R
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design Jr( =Y@Z '
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation l>}f{az-T
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance n V7Vc;
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations Cp(2]Eb
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function u30D`sky
4.5 Fabrication Considerations g/JF(nkP
i-Rn,}v
5 Lens Design Data ey=KA t
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs H:]cBk^[,
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 29,ET}~
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign >P SO]%mE
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF zk
FX[-'O
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots X8Q' *
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot =&} _bd/]
k[D_L`
6 Telescope Objective /T)E&=Ds
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet o]4\Geg$
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective uy's eJ
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective Z t!A!Afu
6.4 Spherochromatism zo( #tQ-'m
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration OALNZK P
6.6 Induced Aberrations b/'c
h
6.7 Three-Element Objectives h9)fXW
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) \4q|Qno8
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet RkYn6
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design Q+=pP'cV
6.11 A Final Note teg5g|*
G n]qh(N>
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers o,`"*][wd
7.1 Eyepieces (c(F1=K
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs hc3hU
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces }+9?)f{?@
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular Wr%ov6:
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces 93HVx#
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces N s +g9+<A
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier !k)6r6
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces l~rj7f;
25)9R^
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats cRVL1n e
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats TwPQ8}pj?
8.2 Glass Choice I "AjYv4R
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations IC0L&;En
8.4 Other Design Considerations ;>v.(0F E6
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens {R!yw`#^B
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet D cvul4Q
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet q @ -B+
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses E$)| Kv^
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 'q-q4 QCB
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness -I| xW
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9 Split Triplets et r-\Cp
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets _J
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10.1 The Classic Tessar ]nhh|q9r{
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac N `|A
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens @f-X/q]P
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets
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10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar :5NMgR.d
hpAdoy[
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats /|
v.A\ :
11.1 Meniscus Components c* {6T}VZr
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon OyZR&,q
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens =Z ^5'h~
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses DXLXGvcM
11.5 The Split Dagor N)X Tmh2v|
11.6 The Dogmar r<UVO$N
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens >!=@TK(~
d05xn7%!{
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens _ Op%H)
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version |Kd#pYt% O
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens $D^\ [^S
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 0^OD J7
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet f ^$,;
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element Qg *\aa94
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 1B~O!']N<
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay J/je/PC
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13 Telephoto Lenses .k,j64
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13.1 The Basic Telephoto p;+O/'/j
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses =} `d
13.3 Telephoto Designs +0pI}a\
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch ]RCo@Q W
y(COB6r
4D?h }U /
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses !mNst$-H4
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 75# 8P?i
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens 3V k8'
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses \OwF! ~&
]cp b; UfM
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses *()['c#CC
] ,]Rv# `
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses rnIj pc F
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens T~[:oil
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens OI blBQ!
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener >yO/p(/;jR
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses `n PdZ.
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems jx}&%p X
#1<m\z 7l
17 Microscope Objectives C]ss'
17.1 General Considerations 4=yzf
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front cgb>Naa<
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives %ih\|jR t
17.4 Reflecting Objectives )CFJ Xc:
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 4Q|>k )H
z= D5*
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems t#NP bLZ
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors R]"Zv'M(AM
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems z$1RD)TQB
18.3 Catadioptric Systems 0+>g/ >
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems q[$>\Nfg>B
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids Z0<Vss
18.6 Unobscured Systems ]\39#
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” HWjJ.;k}a
7<j!qWm0
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems lx`?n<-X
19.1 Infrared Optics K "!rj.Da
19.2 IR Objective Lenses aq?bI: >8
19.3 IR Telescope L ]')=J+
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders DsdM:u*s
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems yq~
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses '}hSh
!:+U- m b*
20 Zoom Lenses .}dLqw
20.1 Zoom Lenses 7Jb&~{DVk
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 4&*lpl*N
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens |O8e;v72g^
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 0)dpU1B#M
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure ]j&m\'-s
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses SgU@`Pb
21.1 Projection TV Lenses >k
@t.PeoV
21.2 Macro Lenses iA[T'+.Y
eXl?f_9
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses c^|8qvS $
22.1 Monochromatic Systems }u^bTR?3
22.2 Scanner Lenses h[(YH ;Y
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 0]>bNbLB"
OS[
s Qo5
23 Tolerance Budgeting 2-F7tcya|
23.1 The Tolerance Budget Jk .x^
23.2 Additive Tolerances i@/% E~ W
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget Q4mtfpiDx
]y OM
24 Formulary m-{DhJV
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions \KV.lG!
24.2 The Cardinal Points {V[xBL
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24.3 Image Equations 7] y3< t
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) U#f*
24.5 Invariants lg|6~=aQ
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) P}6#s'07~
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships z fU Do`V~
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions M.g2y &8
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs B}
qRz
24.10 Stop Shift Equations H [+'>Id:
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces 8i6i ynR
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) T)tr"<F5NP
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!+$qSD,%x
Glossary X}[1Y3~y
Reference " lD -*e4
Index
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