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2007-02-01 00:44 |
"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith 2~ 'Q#(
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition RLKO 0 #
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1 Introduction 20fCWVw}?}
1.1 Lens Design Books @W. `'b-
1.2 Reference Material ?5(L.XFm
1.3 Specifications BbU&e z8P
1.4 Lens Design SQ.4IWT(hR
1.5 Lens Design Program Features ?0?'
1.6 About This Book
:lE7v~!Z
2s U"p5 j
2 Automatic Lens Design i44:V R|
2.2 The Merit Function >#q|Pjv]
2.3 Local Minima ]$L[3q A.
2.4 The Landscape Lens '@fk(~|
2.5 Types of Merit Function 3R{-\ZMd
2.6 Stagnation NGze: gPmO
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing TM"-X\e~{
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization 5=?&q 'i
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems O Z #?
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits C$tSsw?A
2.11 Spectral Weighting /C(L(X
2.12 How to Get Started 3% P?1s
;=7z!:)
3 Improving a Design q6ikJ8E8b
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques <]9Mg fAe
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) Gg!))I+
3.3 Splitting Elements fg1y@Dj/&
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet )F~_KD)7jJ
3.5 Compounding an Element gRFC n6Q
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses V\G>e{
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem r zvX~B6
3.8 Balancing Aberrations Jxvwq uI
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle */\.-L{h
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 7'8O*EoB'
]u,~/Gy
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design kDz.{Ih
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation oby*.61?5l
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance O-B3@qQ. h
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations Wp]EaYt2D
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function x'KsQ lI/
4.5 Fabrication Considerations eeDhTw9
J{Ay(
5 Lens Design Data wiGwN
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs Stc\P]%d
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots 4tC_W!?$t
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign &Ch )SD
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF <- ?B#
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots Z\L@5.*ydE
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot Z-<u?f8{*
` u}x:f !
6 Telescope Objective Z`*cI
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet bPOx~ CMh
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective w*
I+~o-
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective C1/jA>XW
6.4 Spherochromatism -hzza1DP
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration p3S c4
6.6 Induced Aberrations nT12[@:Tr
6.7 Three-Element Objectives ;1dz?'%V
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) w=`z!x![/
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet md`ToU
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design :qbG%_PJ
6.11 A Final Note yRYWx` G
4yA`);r62
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers c| R/,/
7.1 Eyepieces QdTe!f|
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs x.yL'J\)
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces Kzb@JBIF
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular c{Kl?0#[
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces A|J\X=5
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces @NIypi$T
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier sV<4 ^n7
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces Fjzk;o
FT;JYkO
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats k~#|8 eLv
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats %Let AR
8.2 Glass Choice _p&$X
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations !`_f\
8.4 Other Design Considerations P 1wR t5
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens nrIL_
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet m't k#C
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet 3\+p1f4
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses fYy.>m+P1
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces ud Fju&!W
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness .LhmYbQ2WE
zRu`[b3u<
9 Split Triplets QZr<=}
}NCvaO
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets r%pFq1/'!
10.1 The Classic Tessar l;A_ Aii(
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac <&:&qn gg
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens wF8\
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets %, et$1`g
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar bFezTl{M
6# ";W2
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats uR@`T18
11.1 Meniscus Components /zf>>O`
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon L_"(A
#H:
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens io7U[ #
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses #<Nvy9
11.5 The Split Dagor A.9'pi'[9Q
11.6 The Dogmar +[/47uFbI
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens r)( BT:2m
\!Zh= "hN
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 2?iOB6
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version WG
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12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens 4oV_b"xz~
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet DXW?;|8)O
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet > x
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12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element %8CT -mQ
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar ^r*%BUU9]%
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay 6^O?p2xpo
9jGue lwN
13 Telephoto Lenses ot f%kG w
13.1 The Basic Telephoto 5` '=Ko,N
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses "P5bYq%0v
13.3 Telephoto Designs NK9WrUj)
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch mqk(UOK`
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses <ytKf<a%e
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle >Y-TwD aE
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens c48J!,jCd'
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses _$\5Z Ve
$Cd ;0gd v
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses _ :X|R#d
A?D"j7JD=L
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 7Sz' vyiz
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens zc/ %1
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens e9 @fQ
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener `3 y!XET
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses cbCE
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16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 207 O[ "Y
S2ppKlVv
17 Microscope Objectives `)=A !x y
17.1 General Considerations R g0
XW6
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front s> @ #9psm
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives U++~3e @l
17.4 Reflecting Objectives T]#,R|)d
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs %rDmW?T
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 5<O61Lgx
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors / }X suH
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems R8[i XXjku
18.3 Catadioptric Systems _Hd1sx
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems hGA!1a4 c
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids K\K O5A
18.6 Unobscured Systems &AQ; ze
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” 1R2o6`_
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems qXB03}] G
19.1 Infrared Optics J[<pZ
[
19.2 IR Objective Lenses n4v Xm
19.3 IR Telescope +(<n |~
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders p&OJa$N$[
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems ) _9e@ ~,
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ST:
v3*
h nsa)@
20 Zoom Lenses =nvAOvP{?
20.1 Zoom Lenses S:p.W=TAB
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras ;WvYzd9
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens fXu~69_
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens 4>$
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20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure Jcalf{W6
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses ^<> Jw%H
21.1 Projection TV Lenses e7XsyL'|p
21.2 Macro Lenses GP{$v:RG
O^X[9vrW
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses .*EOVo9S
22.1 Monochromatic Systems "[Qb'9/Jc
22.2 Scanner Lenses vbRrk($`
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses 23}BW_ m
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23 Tolerance Budgeting YQ 8j
23.1 The Tolerance Budget j8[`~p b
23.2 Additive Tolerances ]cF1c90%
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget t+=1 2{9;f
Y!Uu173
24 Formulary ]RH=s7L
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions ;Cr_NP[8|j
24.2 The Cardinal Points 9UeVvH
24.3 Image Equations 85r)>aCMn
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ASzzBR;?_
24.5 Invariants CB *`
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) /S7+B ]
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships |5 oKq'(b
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions z:Xj_ `p
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs r#_ 7]_3
24.10 Stop Shift Equations pu/m8
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces c
}<*~w;
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) Qq' i*Mh
jIAW-hc]
>AR Tr'B
Glossary C rnB{Z4L
Reference CS~=Z>6EjA
Index
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