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"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith R"j<C13;% .W\JvPTC Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition )t((x @?>5~ 1 Introduction eX1_=?$1P 1.1 Lens Design Books M@JW/~p' 1.2 Reference Material Hy5 6@jW+E 1.3 Specifications X.sOZb?$ 1.4 Lens Design \l%##7DRp] 1.5 Lens Design Program Features G5%k.IRz 1.6 About This Book BiDyr #&ei 2 Automatic Lens Design 4
|bu= T 2.2 The Merit Function B}nT>Ub 2.3 Local Minima P_5 G'[ 2.4 The Landscape Lens +@c$n`>) 2.5 Types of Merit Function m%'T90mi 2.6 Stagnation hXvC>ie(i 2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing "[-W(= 2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization I5)$M{#a 2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems J:J/AgJuH 2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits /;vHAtt;f 2.11 Spectral Weighting LcT;7yv 2.12 How to Get Started 6v74mIRn'? 9kwiG7V1 3 Improving a Design U_hzSf 3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques u1gD*4+ 3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) %mIdQQ, 3.3 Splitting Elements =J"c'Z>. 3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 6J_$dzw 3.5 Compounding an Element d,o*{sM5d 3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses byTHSRt 3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem HYG1BfEaW 3.8 Balancing Aberrations _8ks`O#} 3.9 The Symmetrical Principle ty:{e]e 3.10 Aspheric Surfaces .s?^y+e_ %%#bTyF 4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design |tU wlc> 4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation f]mVM(XZN 4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance cj^hwtx 4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations oIQ$98 M 4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function 6y "]2UgQk 4.5 Fabrication Considerations %eh.@8GL` B~M6l7^? 5 Lens Design Data I0><IaFy 5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs g[HuIn/ 5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots \/C5L:|p_ 5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign U(Bmffn4Z 5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 7G7"Zule*j 5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots bR1Q77<G\ 5.6 Various Evaluation Plot -PU.Uw] OOXP1L 6 Telescope Objective jP0TyhM 6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet
DF=Rd# 6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective K`j:F>b 6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective #3{{[i(;i 6.4 Spherochromatism JStEOQF4 6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration d c_2nF 6.6 Induced Aberrations I[?bM- 6.7 Three-Element Objectives GctV 6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) keG\-f 6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet lgD% 6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 0P!Fci/t 6.11 A Final Note L
" 'd(MD Oqt{ uTI~ 7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers rQ6>*0xL_ 7.1 Eyepieces \zwm:@lG 7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs _ysakn 7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces )D)4=LJ 7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular fU\;\ 7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces D #7q3s 7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces _
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::Tp 7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier 86!$<!I 7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces ]=]MJ3_7 Z6Z/Y()4Tl 8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 9qB4\ONXZ 8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats \rg;xZa5 8.2 Glass Choice Y"^.6 8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations g:!R't? 8.4 Other Design Considerations TJ>1?W\Z 8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens rx@i.+ 8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet QC&,C}t, 8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet y+V>,W)r7 8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses Y7 K2@257 8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces \PFj w9s 8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness la4%Vqwgu 2- (}=N 9 Split Triplets g6S-vSX, wehiX7y 10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets Kb-m 10.1 The Classic Tessar ^#K^W V 10.2 The Heliar/Pentac T|j=,2_ 10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens AxF$7J( 10.4 Other Compounded Triplets rusYNb1J 10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar QFoCi& 6D`.v@ 11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats ipt]qJFd 11.1 Meniscus Components -)KNsW 11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon KoWG:~>| 11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens TDWD8??e 11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses ,^ dpn 11.5 The Split Dagor 4d}n0b\d 11.6 The Dogmar Ke]'RfO\ 11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens {yEL$8MC %M`zkA2]J 12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 0ia-D`^me 12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version %nE%^Enw 12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens ZP&iy$<L 12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet IjXxH]2 12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet _J#oAE5]! 12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element $
9E"{6;@ 12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar &%k_BdlkQ 12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay PI,2b(`h_ ~ahu{A4Bw 13 Telephoto Lenses V`YmGo 13.1 The Basic Telephoto N pQOLX/<? 13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses Z@$'fX?~9 13.3 Telephoto Designs v |pHbX 13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch 8YgRJQZ! * kUb[ qg<Y^y 14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses i.eMrzJ| 14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle gp
H@FX 14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens |
>yc|W 14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses cf*~Gx_l 3/(eK%d4Xb 15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses k)y<iHR_o xgM\6e 16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 3O_O5 16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens [D<(xr&N% 16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens YB^m!A),I[ 16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener H7<g5pv 16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ^EW6}oj[ 16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems f9IqcCSW }*aj& 17 Microscope Objectives +bb-uoZf 17.1 General Considerations i~M-V=Zg 17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front ?[WUix; 17.3 Flat-Field Objectives Nd@/U
c 17.4 Reflecting Objectives vkM_a}%< 17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 6{g&9~V wsc=6/#u 18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems U^DR'X= 18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors i1]}Q$ 18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems U_E t 18.3 Catadioptric Systems 300[2}Y] 18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems L}A2$@ 18.5 Confocal Paraboloids T8W^qrx.v 18.6 Unobscured Systems )oM%
N 18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” km`";gUp> at2)%V) 19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems ]XL=S|tIq 19.1 Infrared Optics F<dhG>E9 19.2 IR Objective Lenses ?#nk}=;g8 19.3 IR Telescope tn(6T^u 19.4 Laser Beam Expanders -&) 19,5 Ultraviolet Systems E(f|LG[I 19.6 Microlithographic Lenses V{\1qg{ UF}Ji#fqn 20 Zoom Lenses <Skf
n`). 20.1 Zoom Lenses 0wF)bQv1 20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras PfhKomt" 20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ofgNL .u 20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens fj9&J[ 20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure +HD2]~{EkL {7 ](- 21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 58`Dcx,yJ 21.1 Projection TV Lenses KmqgP`Cu 21.2 Macro Lenses P$@:T[}v fN9uSnu
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses ^.*zBrFx 22.1 Monochromatic Systems _BCq9/ 22.2 Scanner Lenses 1p<*11 22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses z$(`{
o%a *w6F0>u 23 Tolerance Budgeting wX!0KxR/Z 23.1 The Tolerance Budget u_o]\D~ 23.2 Additive Tolerances ogV v 8Xb 23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget muhu`
k`C <^ratz!- 24 Formulary k[*> nE 24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions TpHzf3.I 24.2 The Cardinal Points @Q!Tvw/ 24.3 Image Equations SF"r</c[ 24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) 'S9jMyZrZ 24.5 Invariants fEGnI\ 24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) DD[<J:6 24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships _~2o 24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 'HL.W]( 24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs `84,R! 24.10 Stop Shift Equations ITz+O=I4R] 24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces Lg-!,Y
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) n9Vr*RKM) 3aJYl3:0B z1.vnGP Glossary z.tN<P 7 Reference \GK]6VW Index
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